cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B26: Non-catalytic effects of PARP inhibitors in the context of cell cycle and homology-directed DNA damage repair

Background: Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) target PARPs, the stress sensing proteins that respond to DNA single-strand breaks. PARP inhibition has been extensively explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies with successes demonstrated in homology-directed DNA damage repair (HDR) pathway-deficient ovarian cancer patients. The inhibitory potential of PARPis is well established; however non-catalytic effects that may add to their therapeutic properties are not fully understood. Our objective was to comparatively evaluate non-catalytic inhibitory properties, particularly in the context of cell cycle and HDR, of the most widely tested PARPis in pre-clinical and clinical studies, olaparib and veliparib. Methods: To measure DNA damage repair activity upon PARPi treatment, we used a well-established DR-GFP reporter assay in two model cell lines, U2OS DR-GFP and H1299 DR-GFP . Cell cycle progression was assessed by staining with propidium iodide and monitored by flow cytometry. Depletion of p53 in U2OS DR-GFP cells was performed by standard siRNA knock-down technique using electroporation for transfection. Immunoblotting was used to confirm cell cycle results and demonstrate replicative stress on the protein expression levels. Results: We found a dramatic decrease in DNA damage repair activity in olaparib versus veliparib-treated U2OS DR-GFP cells, regardless of their inhibitory potency. This decrease in HDR activity was a result of olaparib triggering a cell cycle arrest-like state as a response to strong replicative stress. Lack of the same effect in p53-null H1299 DR-GFP cells suggests that olaparib9s effect is p53-dependent, which was confirmed in U2OS DR-GFP cells depleted of p53. Our data also suggest that cells treated with veliparib are more ambivalent towards p53 status, a difference in comparison to olaparib-treated cells. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that olaparib and veliparib differ in their non-catalytic inhibitory effects, with olaparib but not veliparib mitigating DNA damage repair activity via cell cycle arrest-like effects in a p53-WT background. This new insight into olaparib9s and veliparib9s mechanism of action should be considered when developing inclusion criteria for treatment of ovarian cancer patients with these PARP inhibitors or others. Citation Format: Petar Jelinic, Douglas A. Levine. Non-catalytic effects of PARP inhibitors in the context of cell cycle and homology-directed DNA damage repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
End user concern about security and privacy threats

End users are typically seen as the weakest link in ensuring security and privacy in computing environments. Our own prior work suggested that end users may have difficulty differentiating between privacy/security problems and other hardware/software concerns. However, a survey of a broad group of internet users showed that, in fact, these users believe that they can not only differentiate between these two sets of concerns, but that in fact users are more concerned with security/privacy concerns than they are with other types of computer problems.
The Timing of Floods and Storms as a Controlling Mechanism for Shelf Deposit Morphology

Abstract Deltas and clinoforms are accretionary deposits with subaerial and subaqueous topsets, respectively. Various factors have been proposed that may control their geometry, especially the interaction of sediment supply and physical oceanographic energy. A conceptual model of how this interaction affects shelf sedimentation indicates that sediment from most rivers should form deltaic features in quiescent environments. In more energetic settings, most sediment from small rivers (sediment load of 106–107 t/y) should be dispersed, limiting significant shelf accumulation, but the increased supply from larger rivers (sediment load of 108–109 t/y) could allow for sediment retention on the shelf, leading to clinoform development. However, in the Adriatic Sea, a river delta and a shelf clinoform (i.e., adjacent to the Po River and the Apennine rivers, respectively) have developed from similar sediment supply and oceanographic energy. This suggests that other factors are likely important, particularly differe...
Glass envelope UV-sensitive flame detectors

The need for fast-response low-voltage flame sensors, able to operate for long periods in ambients presenting a wide range of temperatures, prompted the construction and testing of gas amplification UV-photosensitive detectors utilizing 9741 glass envelopes and a variety of gas fills and electrode and getter materials. Addition of 1 mole percent H 2 to a He gas fill reduced the required minimum time between counts for a given sensor operating voltage without significantly changing the threshold voltage. All sensors with H 2 additive ultimately became solar sensitive. Sensors performed well at temperatures as high as 350°C.
VEGFR2 and Src Kinase Inhibitors Suppress Andes Virus-Induced Endothelial Cell Permeability

Hantaviruses predominantly infect human endothelial cells and, in the absence of cell lysis, cause two diseases resulting from increased vascular permeability. Andes virus (ANDV) causes a highly lethal acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). ANDV infection enhances the permeability of endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by increasing signaling responses directed by the VEGFR2-Src-VE-cadherin pathway, which directs adherens junction (AJ) disassembly. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting pathway-specific VEGFR2 and Src family kinases (SFKs) blocks ANDV-induced endothelial cell permeability. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of Src within ANDV-infected endothelial cells resulted in an ∼70% decrease in endothelial cell permeability compared to that for siRNA controls. This finding suggested that existing FDA-approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors might similarly block ANDV-induced permeability. The VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor pazopanib as well as SFK inhibitors dasatinib, PP1, bosutinib, and Src inhibitor 1 dramatically inhibited ANDV-induced endothelial cell permeability. Consistent with their kinase-inhibitory concentrations, dasatinib, PP1, and pazopanib inhibited ANDV-induced permeability at 1, 10, and 100 nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s), respectively. We further demonstrated that dasatinib and pazopanib blocked VE-cadherin dissociation from the AJs of ANDV-infected endothelial cells by >90%. These findings indicate that VEGFR2 and Src kinases are potential targets for therapeutically reducing ANDV-induced endothelial cell permeability and, as a result, capillary permeability during HPS. Since the functions of VEGFR2 and SFK inhibitors are already well defined and FDA approved for clinical use, these findings rationalize their therapeutic evaluation for efficacy in reducing HPS disease. Endothelial cell barrier functions are disrupted by a number of viruses that cause hemorrhagic, edematous, or neurologic disease, and as a result, our findings suggest that VEGFR2 and SFK inhibitors should be considered for regulating endothelial cell barrier functions altered by additional viral pathogens.
PERSPECTIVE: FEMALE REMATING, OPERATIONAL SEX RATIO, AND THE ARENA OF SEXUAL SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA SPECIES

As commonly observed among closely related species within a variety of taxa, Drosophila species differ considerably in whether they exhibit sexual dimorphism in coloration or morphology. Those Drosophila species in which male external sexual characters are minimal or absent tend, instead, to have exaggerated ejaculate traits such as sperm gigantism or seminal nutrient donations. Underlying explanations for the interspecific differences in the presence of external morphological sexual dimorphism versus exaggerated ejaculate traits are addressed here by examining the opportunity for sexual selection on males to occur before versus after mating in 21 species of Drosophila. Female remating frequency, an important component of the operational sex ratio, differs widely among Drosophila species and appears to dictate whether the arena of sexual selection is prior to, as opposed to after, copulation. Infrequent female mating results in fewer mating opportunities for males and thus stronger competition for receptive females that favors the evolution of male characters that maximize mating success. On the other hand, rapid female remating results in overlapping ejaculates in the female reproductive tract, such that ejaculate traits which enhance fertilization success are favored. The strong association between female remating frequency in a given species and the presence of sexually selected external versus internal male characters indicates that the relationship be examined in other taxa as well.
Views of Older Persons with Multiple Morbidities on Competing Outcomes and Clinical Decision-Making

Objectives: To examine the ways in which older persons with multiple conditions think about potentially competing outcomes, in order to gain insight into how processes to elicit values regarding these outcomes can be grounded in the patient's perspective.
Kinematic wave solutions for pollutant transport over an infiltrating plane with finite‐period mixing and mixing zone

Kinematic wave solutions are derived for transport of a conservative non-point-source pollutant during a rainfall-runoff event over an infiltrating plane for two cases: (i) finite-period mixing and (ii) soil-mixing zone. Rainfall is assumed to be steady, uniform and finite in duration, and it is assumed to have zero concentration of pollutants. Infiltration is assumed constant in time and space. Prior to the start of rainfall, the pollutant is distributed uniformly over the plane. In the first case, when rainfall occurs, the mixing of pollutant in the runoff water occurs in a finite period of time. In the second case, the chemical concentration is assumed to be a linearly decreasing function of rainfall intensity and overland flow. The solute concentration and discharge are found to depend on the flow characteristics as well as the solute concentration parameters. The characteristics of solute concentration and discharge graphs seem to be similar to those reported in the literature and observed in laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovariectomy results in differential shifts in gut microbiota in low versus high aerobic capacity rats

The increased risk for cardiometabolic disease with the onset of menopause is widely studied and likely precipitated by the decline in endogenous estradiol (E2), yet the precise mechanisms are unknown. The gut microbiome is involved in estrogen metabolism and has been linked to metabolic disease, suggesting its potential involvement in the postmenopausal phenotype. Furthermore, menopause-associated risk factors, as well as gut ecology, are altered with exercise. Therefore, we studied microbial changes in an ovariectomized (OVX vs. Sham) rat model of high (HCR) and low (LCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity (n = 8–10/group) in relation to changes in body weight/composition, glucose tolerance, and liver triglycerides (TG). Nine weeks after OVX, HCR rats were moderately protected against regional adipose tissue gain and liver TG accumulation (P < 0.05 for both). Microbial diversity and number of the Bacteroidetes phylum were significantly increased in LCR with OVX, but unchanged in HCR OVX relative to Sham. Plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), produced by bacteria in the gut and recognized as metabolic signaling molecules, were significantly greater in HCR Sham relative to LCR Sham rats (P = 0.05) and were decreased with OVX in both groups. These results suggest that increased aerobic capacity may be protective against menopause-associated cardiometabolic risk and that gut ecology, and production of signaling molecules such as SCFA, may contribute to the mediation.
Efficient fault protection of block gradient-based adaptive filters

Adaptive FIR filters are important in modern digital signal processing applications, and many situations require significant computational power attainable only through multi-processor configurations. Various block processing techniques have been proposed as viable alternatives to the sequential implementations to achieve the high throughput rate and reduce the effect of finite word length. While there are algorithm-based fault-tolerant techniques for protecting general digital signal processing systems against temporary/permanent failures, the specific features and requirements of the adaptive filtering systems have been largely ignored in the fault tolerance literature. By identifying common operations among different block adaptive filtering algorithms, however most operations of a particular algorithm can be protected with reasonably low-cost. We present a fine-grained approach, a highly efficient implementation of the well-known checksum encoding scheme, for protecting block adaptive filters. Through properly partitioning the input data, checksums for a parallel adaptive FIR filter can be calculated with reduced complexity. Computational and hardware overhead of the proposed scheme are analyzed, and shown to be proportional to the total number of partitioned submatrices.
Role of ERCP in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background The role of ERCP in evaluating patients with hepatobiliary dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been well-defined. Objective The aim of this study was to better define the role of ERCP after HSCT by reviewing our institutional experience, including indications, findings, and outcomes. Design Retrospective review of ERCP findings and outcomes in patients after HSCT. Setting MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1997 to 2009. Patients A total of 40 patients had ERCP after HSCT during the study period. Intervention ERCP. Main Outcome Measurements Overall survival. Results A total of 40 patients had ERCP after HSCT during the study period. Seventeen patients had biliary strictures (group 1), and 13 proved to be malignant. Ten patients had common duct stones (group 2). Thirteen patients (group 3) had neither stones nor stricture. Findings in group 3 included bile duct leak (1), dilation without stricture (2), resolution of pretransplant strictures (3), biliary sludge (1), or normal ducts (6). The normal subset proved to have hepatic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (3), hepatic drug toxicity (1), hepatic recurrence of myeloma (1), or pancreatitis with biliary sludge (1). Patients with GI GVHD were equally distributed among the 3 groups. Group 1 had 100% mortality with median time to death being 85 days after ERCP. Group 2 had 30% mortality with median time to death of 584 days after ERCP. Ten of 13 patients in Group 3 died at a median of 148 days after ERCP. The only procedural complication was a mild case of pancreatitis. Limitations Retrospective study at a single center. Conclusion One in every 130 post-HSCT patients required ERCP evaluation. Biliary stricture is frequently caused by recurrent or new malignancy, particularly after autologous HSCT. GI GVHD is not associated with biliary stricture. ERCP procedural risks in HSCT patients are acceptable.
Congruent MRI and Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Functional and Structural Imaging of Tumors

We present a combined near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system for the study of animal model tumors. A combined broadband steady-state and frequency domain optical spectroscopy apparatus was integrated with the MRI. The physiological properties of tissue rendered by MRI, including vascular volume fraction and water, were compared with chromophore concentrations as determined from the parameters obtained by optical measurements. DOS measurements provided oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and water concentration locally in tumors. A method for co-registration of the information obtained by both modalities was developed. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the optically sampled volume was superimposed on the MR images, illustrating which tissue structure was probed optically. Finally, two optical contrast agents, indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB), were employed and their kinetics were measured by DOS system from different locations on the tumor and compared with Gd-DTPA enhancement maps obtained from MRI.
Country Banking Crisis Prediction Using Transvariation Analysis

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate macroeconomic variables that are predictive of banking crisis. We focus on selecting variables that have high predictive power to discriminate between two groups of countries: the sound and the distressed. We consider a sample of 50 emerging market and developing countries during 1990–2005 time period, and apply generalized estimating equations as well as univariate, bivariate and trivariate transvariation analysis to choose the variables that have high predictive and discriminative powers to separate the distressed countries from the sound countries. In order to compare the predictive performance of these selected variables, we calculate the leave one out predictive error rate for the top ranking variables with low transvariation probability using discrimination procedures. Not surprisingly the results show that countries with better macroeconomic and monetary environments and healthier banking institutions are less likely to suffer systemic banking crisis.
Thyroid hormones enhance the biomechanical functionality of scaffold-free neocartilage

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thyroid hormones tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands, known to regulate the developing limb and growth plate, on articular cartilage tissue regeneration using a scaffold-free in vitro model. Methods: In Phase 1, T3, T4, or PTH was applied during weeks 1 or 3 of a 4-week neocartilage culture. Phase 2 employed T3 during week 1, followed by PTH during week 2, 3, or weeks 2 to 4, to further enhance tissue properties. Resultant neotissues were evaluated biochemically, mechanically, and histologically. Results: In Phase 1, T3 and T4 treatment during week 1 resulted in significantly enhanced collagen production; 1.4- and 1.3-times untreated neocartilage. Compressive and tensile properties were also significantly increased, as compared to untreated and PTH groups. PTH treatment did not result in notable tissue changes. As T3 induces hypertrophy, in Phase 2, PTH (known to suppress hypertrophy) was applied sequentially after T3. Excitingly, sequential treatment with T3 and PTH reduced expression of hypertrophic marker collagen X, while yielding neocartilage with significantly enhanced functional properties. Specifically, in comparison to no hormone application, these hormones increased compressive and tensile moduli 4.0-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T3, together with PTH, when applied in a scaffold-free model of cartilage formation, significantly enhanced functional properties. The novel use of these thyroid hormones generates mechanically robust neocartilage via the use of a scaffold-free tissue engineering model.
Relations Between Geological Structure and Aeromagnetic Anomalies in Central Nevada

An aeromagnetic survey of a 6000-km 2 area in central Nevada has been complied by the U.S. Geological Survey. An interpretation of the aeromagnetic data is developed to establish relations between near-surface geological features and structure extending to intermediate depths in the crust. A three-dimensional distribution of magnetized material is described which would reproduce approximately the observed aeromagnetic anomalies. Anomaly sources extend from the surface to depths exceeding 15 km and require values of magnetic moment per unit volume averaging more than 2000 × 10 −6 (cgs). Magnetic anomaly lineations were analyzed by two methods. The first involves digital fan filtering and subsequent autocovariance computations. This method is sensitive to amplitude of linear anomalies, and indicated a dominant north-northwest trend with approximately 80 percent of the anomaly trend power in an azimuth range of northwest to northeast. The second method involves preparation of rosettes from measured lengths and azimuths of lineations indicated by noses and flexures on the contoured map. This method is not sensitive to anomaly amplitude. The dominant N. 10°E. trend determined in this way is indicative of the effect of near-surface geological structure on the magnetic field. The dominant north-northwest-trending zone of magnetic anomalies is located along an alinement of windows through the Roberts Mountains thrust fault. This suggests that elongate doming of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks associated with the thrust may be related to emplacement of magnetic anomaly source material, and implies that this has been a zone of recurring tectonic activity since late Paleozoic time. Analysis of stresses possibly associated with forceful injection of magnetic anomaly sources and possible shear deformation along this north-northwest-trending zone suggests that these factors may have had a secondary influence on azimuths of high-angle faults and dikes.
Sex Differences in Long-Term Outcomes With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Mild Heart Failure Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block

Background Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by sex and QRS duration. Methods and Results In the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT‐CRT), we evaluated long‐term clinical outcome of heart failure (HF) or death, death, and HF alone by sex and QRS duration (dichotomized at 150 ms) in left bundle‐branch block patients with CRT with defibrillator backup (CRT‐D) versus implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) only. There were 394 women (31%) and 887 men with left bundle‐branch block. During the median follow‐up of 5.6 years, women derived greater clinical benefit from CRT‐D compared with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator only, with a significant 71% reduction in HF or death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, P P P P P P =0.03; women: HR 0.59, P =0.04). The incremental benefit of CRT‐D in women for HF or death and HF alone was consistent with QRS 150 ms. Conclusions During long‐term follow‐up of mild HF patients with left ventricular dysfunction and wide QRS, both women and men with left bundle‐branch block derived sustained benefit from CRT‐D versus implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator only, with significant reduction in HF or death, HF alone, and all‐cause mortality regardless of QRS duration. There is an incremental benefit with CRT‐D in women for the end points of HF or death and HF alone. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifiers: NCT00180271, NCT01294449, and NCT02060110.
Dynamic and Thermodynamic Influences of the Tibetan Plateau on the Atmosphere in a General Circulation Model

Abstract The dynamic and thermodynamic influences of the Tibetan Plateau on the temperature geopotential height, horizontal wind, vertical velocity, cloud and precipitation patterns over eastern Asia am physically investigated employing a general circulation model specifically designed for medium range weather prediction. The model is a modification and improvement of the one recently presented by Liou and Zheng. Efficient and accurate numerical techniques have been devised for the computation of the pressure gradient force and the initial field in the vicinity of mountains in the σcoordinate. In addition, a cumulus convection scheme and a liquid water content prediction equation from which the large-scale precipitation may be evaluated have been developed. Utilizing the NMC objective analysis data covering the period from 13 May to 18 May 1979 and in light of the general circulation model experimentation, we find that incorporation of the mountain and the subsequent diabatic heating effects improves the ...
USER PERCEPTIONS OF SEARCH ENHANCEMENTS IN WEB SEARCH

Commercial web search engines are increasingly supplementing ordered lists of text results with various search enhancements. These enhancements include query suggestions, local business results, news results, related searches, and spelling suggestions. This study explores the relationships between enhancement utilization, perceptions of search effectiveness, and task complexity. Analysis of 976 search tasks conducted by 122 study participants finds that perceptions of search effectiveness are negatively associated with task complexity. We also found that perceptions of search effectiveness increased when enhancements were utilized. However, perceptions of search effectiveness decreased when more than one enhancement was used in complex search tasks. These findings have important implications for practice and research.
Impedance Eduction In the Presence of Shear Flow

This paper presents a method for educing acoustic liner impedance in the presence of grazing shear flow. The key features of the method are a numerical solution to the linearized frequency-domain equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation, and the minimization of an objective function. As an application, the method is used in conjunction with measurements taken in the "NASA Langley Flow Impedance Test Facility" to educe the liner impedance of two dissimilar liners in the presence of a parallel, mean shear flow. Results show that the liner impedance educed in the presence of mean shear flow can differ significantly from that educed when only uniform flow is modeled. Thus, the importance of accurately modeling the effects of mean shear to educe liner impedance is demonstrated. Nomenclature global stiffness matrices element stiffness matrix width and height of a finite element ambient sound speed and density field-equation error vector components of the error vector forcing vector source frequency one- and two-dimensional basis functions a, b CQ,PO {E}
Research Advance in Organic-inorganic Nanocomposites

In recent years,nano-technology develops rapidly,and the research of organic-inorganic nanocomposites prepared by the composition of inorganic nano-particles and polymer becomes an important direction of the development of material science. The preparation methods, properties and characteristics of organic-inorganic nanocomposites are summarized. The applications of organic-inorganic nanocomposites are introduced and potential prospects of organic-inorganic nanocomposites are also expected.
Mechanism of H+-coupled formate transport in rabbit renal microvillus membranes

It has been proposed that a major fraction of Cl- absorption in the mammalian proximal tubule occurs by Cl-/formate exchange across the apical membrane with recycling of formate by nonionic diffusion. The purpose of this study was to characterize the mechanism of formate recycling in rabbit renal microvillus membrane vesicles. Formate uptake was stimulated by an inside-alkaline pH gradient. When external pH (pH alpha) was varied at constant internal pH (pHi), the initial rate of formate uptake was less than predicted for nonionic diffusion of formic acid at constant formic acid permeability. When pHi was varied at constant pHi, the initial rate of formate uptake exhibited cooperative and saturable kinetics with respect to pHi, in contrast to the pHi independence predicted for nonionic diffusion. pH gradient-stimulated [14C]formate uptake was stimulated by internal formate, indicating formate/formate exchange. pH gradient-stimulated formate influx was sensitive to inhibition by 1 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid but not by furosemide or hydroxycinnamate. We conclude that pH gradient-stimulated formate uptake takes place by a carrier-mediated process of H(+)-formate cotransport, OH-/formate exchange, or facilitated formic acid diffusion, rather than solely by passive nonionic diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
mTOR signaling: new networks for ALL.

Compared with rapamycin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dual inhibitors have shown improved ability to kill acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells in preclinical models. In this issue of Blood , Yun et al have identified novel signaling pathways downstream of mTOR that are disrupted by dual inhibitors leading to ALL cell death. 1
EmoReact: a multimodal approach and dataset for recognizing emotional responses in children

Automatic emotion recognition plays a central role in the technologies underlying social robots, affect-sensitive human computer interaction design and affect-aware tutors. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on automatic emotion recognition in adults, emotion recognition in children has been understudied. This problem is more challenging as children tend to fidget and move around more than adults, leading to more self-occlusions and non-frontal head poses. Also, the lack of publicly available datasets for children with annotated emotion labels leads most researchers to focus on adults. In this paper, we introduce a newly collected multimodal emotion dataset of children between the ages of four and fourteen years old. The dataset contains 1102 audio-visual clips annotated for 17 different emotional states: six basic emotions, neutral, valence and nine complex emotions including curiosity, uncertainty and frustration. Our experiments compare unimodal and multimodal emotion recognition baseline models to enable future research on this topic. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of the most indicative behavioral cues for emotion recognition in children.
Diagenesis of sandstones and carbonates of the Ignacio Quartzite and McCracken Sandstone Member of the Elbert Formation, southwestern Colorado, U.S.A.

Syndepositional events that affected fluvial, estuarine, and shallow-marine sediments of the units studied in southwest Colorado—the McCracken Sandstone Member of the Elbert Formation and the Ignacio Quartzite—included bioturbation, local formation of glaucony grains and phosphate crusts, local carbonate pedogenesis, and possibly silcrete pedogenesis. Although the sediments were ultimately buried up to approximately 4 km, shallow burial was the site of: (1) reddening of feldspathic sand and shale of the Ignacio Quartzite; (2) initial loss of porosity in both units by compaction of locally abundant clay clasts and clay drapes; and (3) initial partial cementation by overgrowths of feldspar and microquartz crystals. During deeper burial, the quartzarenite sands of the McCracken Sandstone Member of the Elbert Formation underwent compaction to porosity values below that typical of stable packing patterns of rigid grains followed by complete cementation by megaquartz overgrowths to produce highly indurated sandstones. Silica derived from intergranular pressure dissolution in local sandstone beds and during stylolite formation was inadequate to provide the amount of silica present in the cement. Much silica apparently was imported in fluids expelled from adjacent sedimentary basins. Such fluids were also responsible for bleaching red beds in the Ignacio Quartzite, dolomitizing limestone in the McCracken Member, and introducing small amounts of oil, some of which survives as pyrobitumen. Values of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in dolostones in the McCracken indicate that dolomitization was accomplished by hot fluids. Kaolinite—an alteration product of K-feldspar, illite, and trace amounts of barite and sphene—formed during intermediate to deep burial.
Novel Candidate Genes Underlying Extreme Trophic Specialization in Caribbean Pupfishes.

The genetic changes responsible for evolutionary transitions from generalist to specialist phenotypes are poorly understood. Here we examine the genetic basis of craniofacial traits enabling novel trophic specialization in a sympatric radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. This recent radiation consists of a generalist species and two novel specialists: a small-jawed "snail-eater" and a large-jawed "scale-eater." We genotyped 12 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by whole-genome resequencing of 37 individuals of all three species from nine populations and integrated genome-wide divergence scans with association mapping to identify divergent regions containing putatively causal SNPs affecting jaw size-the most rapidly diversifying trait in this radiation. A mere 22 fixed variants accompanied extreme ecological divergence between generalist and scale-eater species. We identified 31 regions (20 kb) containing variants fixed between specialists that were significantly associated with variation in jaw size which contained 11 genes annotated for skeletal system effects and 18 novel candidate genes never previously associated with craniofacial phenotypes. Six of these 31 regions showed robust signs of hard selective sweeps after accounting for demographic history. Our data are consistent with predictions based on quantitative genetic models of adaptation, suggesting that the effect sizes of regions influencing jaw phenotypes are positively correlated with distance between fitness peaks on a complex adaptive landscape.
The Need for Charging: Evaluating utility infrastructures for electric vehicles while providing customer support

In 2011, at the beginning of the current electric vehicle (EV) market in the United States, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) published a report [1] detailing certain aspects of the emergence of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including the deployment of charging infrastructure, future impacts on the grid, and potential roles for electric utilities in supporting transportation electrification. Characteristics of this early market included a presumed reliance on home recharging and relatively low charging rates for the first two production vehicles (Chevrolet Volt and Nissan LEAF). The automotive industry had standardized around a common connector for charging from ac electricity at power levels up to 19.2 kW. A similar consensus had not been reached for dc fast charging (DCFC), but early deployment of a few 50-kW stations based on the CHAdeMO standard began, enabling a modest level of intercity travel for EVs with a practical range of about 80 mi.
Microfoundations of a Dynamic Market Knowledge Capability, Empirical Explorations Under Conditions of Environmental Uncertainty: An Abstract

Knowledge is a firm’s most valuable and fundamental resource (Grant 1996; Wiklund and Shepherd 2003; Vargo and Lusch 2004). However, little attention has been given to its strategic antecedents. In the marketing domain, we are specifically concerned with the following: How do differences in strategy influence a firm’s ability to develop market knowledge capabilities? How does environmental uncertainty interact with strategy to affect the development of market knowledge capabilities? The potential for market knowledge to confer competitive advantages is only realized when such knowledge is effectively applied to business processes such as new product development or technology deployment to generate cost and differentiation advantages. We conceive market knowledge as consisting of three interrelated dimensions: market knowledge routines, market knowledge culture, and market knowledge stores. In this study we develop the logic to tease apart the effects of various strategic firm orientations (customer, competitor, and technology) upon market knowledge under varying conditions of environmental uncertainty (customer, competitor, and technological). We conducted a key-informant cross-sectional survey of executives drawn from a variety of industries to test our hypotheses. Employing a hierarchical regression approach, we found support for many of our hypotheses, suggesting that strategic orientations provide a good starting point for the study of market knowledge capabilities. We also found that both customer and competitor orientations were positively associated with all dimensions of market knowledge capabilities but technology orientation was only associated with market knowledge culture. This study makes a unique contribution by elucidating the effects of various strategic orientations on the development of a market knowledge capability. Understanding how environmental factors shift managerial priorities for utilizing market knowledge capabilities is extremely insightful as we begin our quest for ways to effectively identify and appropriate value in constantly evolving markets.
Surface Choice and Behavior in Adult Mongolian Gerbils

A total of 12 male and 12 female adult Mongolian gerbils were tested for surface material preference in a free-choice situation. Each subject was observed for 5 min. after 0, 15, and 30 min. in a 60 x 90 cm box divided into six sections containing bedding, sand, newspaper, sandpaper, plastic or cloth. The section inhabited after each 10-sec. interval and behaviors exhibited were recorded. In males, location scores were significant (p <.01) for the 15- and 30-min. observations, with sand and bedding being frequented most. All observations were significant for females, again with sand and bedding preferred. The most frequent behaviors were rearing and marking on all surfaces and digging in the sand and bedding.
Environmental Determinants of Breast Cancer

In the United States, breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and the second most common cause of death from cancer in women. Reproductive factors, estrogen, and progesterone have major causal roles, but concerns about other potential causes in the external environment continue to drive research inquiries and stimulate calls for action at the policy level. The environment is defined as anything that is not genetic and includes social, built, and chemical toxicant aspects. This review covers the scope of known and suspected environmental factors that have been associated with breast cancer and illustrates how epidemiology, toxicology, and mechanistic studies work together to create the full picture of environmental effects on this malignancy. Newer approaches to risk-related evaluations may allow this field to move forward and more clearly delineate actionable environmental causes of this most common of cancers in women.
Relational Summarization for Corpus Analysis

This work introduces a new problem, relational summarization, in which the goal is to generate a natural language summary of the relationship between two lexical items in a corpus, without reference to a knowledge base. Motivated by the needs of novel user interfaces, we define the task and give examples of its application. We also present a new query-focused method for finding natural language sentences which express relationships. Our method allows for summarization of more than two times more query pairs than baseline relation extractors, while returning measurably more readable output. Finally, to help guide future work, we analyze the challenges of relational summarization using both a news and a social media corpus.
Living Has Its Own Intrinsic Quality: John Dewey’s Aesthetic Education

While most Progressive Era advocates of educational professionalism argue that education is an objective science, John Dewey sees it as an art. The goal of Deweyan education, “growth,” is not just a concept but a “quality.” The quality of growth can be analyzed into four interdependent constituent qualities—interest, purpose, meaning, and freedom—which should collectively shape four interdependent aspects of life: the structure of the self, the organization of society, the administration of the school, and, finally, aesthetic experience. Dewey’s account of the professional educators’ authority is thus inseparable from his descriptions of aesthetic experience and aesthetic education, and can be contrasted with similar accounts in classical Bildung, Maxine Greene, and Stanley Cavell.
Questions about the complexity of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) has played a central role in our understanding of chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis. In particular, its catalysis of the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation, and the mutual competition of CO2 and O2 at the active site, makes Rubisco a prime focus for genetically engineering an increase in photosynthetic productivity. Although it remains difficult to manipulate the chloroplast-encoded large subunit and nuclear-encoded small subunit of crop plants, much has been learned about the structure/function relationships of Rubisco by expressing prokaryotic genes in Escherichia coli or by exploiting classical genetics and chloroplast transformation of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the complexity of chloroplast Rubisco in land plants cannot be completely addressed with the existing model organisms. Two subunits encoded in different genetic compartments have coevolved in the formation of the Rubisco holoenzyme, but the function of the small subunit remains largely unknown. The subunits are posttranslationally modified, assembled via a complex process, and degraded in regulated ways. There is also a second chloroplast protein, Rubisco activase, that is responsible for removing inhibitory molecules from the large-subunit active site. Many of these complex interactions and processes display species specificity. This means that attempts to engineer or discover a better Rubisco may be futile if one cannot transfer the better enzyme to a compatible host. We must frame the questions that address this problem of chloroplast-Rubisco complexity. We must work harder to find the answers.
Ets1-dependent IP3R3 expression in naïve CD4+ T cells is required for cytokine gene expression (87.22)

IP 3 receptors (IP 3 Rs) are critical for the release of Ca ++ from intracellular stores in response to IP 3 generated upon T cell receptor (TCR) ligation. However, little is known about the expression of the different IP 3 Rs in CD4 + T cells and their contribution to cytokine gene expression during antigen stimulation. Here, we show for the first time that prior to activation, naive CD4 + T cells only express IP 3 R3, but not IP 3 R1 and IP 3 R2. IP 3 R3-mediated Ca ++ flux for cytokine gene expression is required for an extended period of time on the order of hours that varies for specific cytokine. IP 3 R3 gene expression in CD4 + T cells is dependent on the transcription factor Ets1 and is downregulated during the activation due to the loss of this transcription factor. The downregulation of IP 3 R3 in activated cells correlates with the failure of TCR ligation to trigger intracellular Ca ++ mobilization in these cells. Thus, IP 3 R3 plays an important role in cytokine gene expression during early activation of naive CD4 + T cells.
Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective

It is difficult to imagine forces in the modern world as potent as nationalism and religion. Both provide people with a source of meaning, each has motivated individuals to carry out extraordinary acts of heroism and cruelty, and both serve as the foundation for communal and personal identity. While the subject has received both scholarly and popular attention, this distinctive book is the first comparative study to examine the origins and development of three distinct models: religious nationalism, secular nationalism, and civil-religious nationalism. Using multiple methods, the authors develop a new theoretical framework that can be applied across diverse countries and religious traditions to understand the emergence, development, and stability of different church-state arrangements over time. The work combines public opinion, constitutional, and content analysis of the United States, Israel, India, Greece, Uruguay, and Malaysia, weaving together historical and contemporary illustrations.
Printing and mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofibril materials

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a promising building block of structural materials because they are biodegradable, can be made into optically transparent bulk materials, and have exceptional specific strength and stiffness compared to common synthetic polymers. The manufacturing of bulk materials from CNFs is a challenge because CNFs form networks in solution at low solids concentration, which can result in long processing times as well as large residual stresses and distortion upon water removal. Here, a method to form materials from CNF suspensions via direct ink writing, a type of additive manufacturing, is demonstrated. Multilayer printing of CNFs provides a route to control drying time by depositing thin layers one at a time. A printing system with a pressure-controlled dispensing system was used to deposit aqueous CNF suspensions onto a temperature-controlled substrate. The geometry, roughness, and mechanical properties of the printed structures were characterized. The shape of the printed line profile is controlled by a combination of the wettability of the substrate, dispense rate, printing speed, and temperature of the substrate. Spatial variation of the elastic modulus of printed CNF structures was assessed with nanoindentation and the average percent difference was found to be small at ± 2.6% of the mean over the area of the printed lines. Through multilayer printing freestanding films with thicknesses greater than 60 μm were achieved. Tensile specimens were printed and characterized; a tensile strength of 72.6 MPa ± 7.4 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 10.2 GPa ± 1.2 GPa were measured.
Findings from the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative IND Safety Reporting Advancement Project.

e17636 Background: The 2010 FDA IND Safety Reporting Regulation requires sponsors to review safety data across an IND, analyze data in aggregate, and assess causality of events. This was effective ...
Operation Up to 500 °C of Al 0.85 Ga 0.15 N/Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N High Electron Mobility Transistors

AlGaN channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are the potential next step after GaN channel HEMTs, as the high aluminum content channel leads to an ultra-wide bandgap, higher breakdown field, and improved high temperature operation. Al0.85Ga0.15N/Al0.7Ga0.3N (85/70) HEMTs were operated up to 500 °C in ambient causing only 58% reduction of dc current relative to 25 °C measurement. The low gate leakage current contributed to high gate voltage operation up to +10 V under Vds = 10 V, with $\text{I}_{\mathrm{ ON}}/\text{I}_{\mathrm{ OFF}}$ ratios of $> 2 \times 10^{11}$ and 3 $\times \,\,10^{6}$ at 25 and 500 °C, respectively. Gate-lag measurements at 100 kHz and 10% duty cycle were ideal and only slight loss of pulsed current at high gate voltages was observed. Low interfacial defects give rise to high quality pulsed characteristics and a low subthreshold swing value of 80 mV/dec at room temperature. Herein is an analysis of AlGaN-channel HEMTs and their potential future for high power and high temperature applications.
New Class of Three-Body States

We calculate the three-body spectrum for identical bosons interacting via attractive $1/{r}^{2}$ potentials. We find an infinite number of three-body states even when the pair interactions are too weak to support any two-body states. These new states thus share this surprising scenario with the Efimov effect, but are not themselves Efimov states. Our effect occurs for both identical bosons and identical fermions, and it persists in the presence of two-body bound states.
Preoperative Optimization for Elective Cholecystectomy

The key to performing a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elective setting is a thorough preoperative assessment of the patient. There are certain patient conditions and diseases that may be predictive of a difficult operation, and these need to be considered before entering the operating room. One must know when to operate and when not to operate and to be able to consider nonoperative management strategies when appropriate. Understanding the alternatives to immediate cholecystectomy and when to apply them is critical. Finally, knowing when to seek guidance from others is important, especially in difficult situations when there is concern or doubt of the safety in performing a cholecystectomy.