cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C. F. Macintyre, Rainer Maria Rilke, Fifty Selected Poems with Translations: Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940. 151 pp. $2.

(1940). C. F. Macintyre, Rainer Maria Rilke, Fifty Selected Poems with Translations. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 306-306.
Cooling system optimization for a terahertz radiation detector via parametric analysis of the fluid-solid interaction problem

Abstract The present study considers the optimization of a cooling system incorporated in a radiation detector working on the principle of liquid crystal thermography. Its configuration is that of a rectangular channel of small aspect ratio – inside of which cold water flows – that is directly attached to an extremely-thin detection element, made out of a thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) layer fixed to a polyester sheet. The analysis places special attention at seeking for the optimal channel height/gap that enables a stable thermal environment for the sensing unit while minimizing its possible deformation. The optimization is carried out by way of a parametric study, based on numerical solutions of a fully-coupled non-dimensional mathematical model describing the fluid-solid mechanical interaction and conjugate heat transfer, for a set of expected operating conditions to establish the relative influence of inlet velocity, heat input and the channel height/gap on the variation in fluid temperature and the solid elastic deformation. It is shown that although quantitatively different, qualitatively the results have similar trends. By defining the corresponding two-objective function, the numerical simulations indicate that, for the set of operating conditions studied, there is a common value for the height/gap of the cooling channel which represents the optimal.
CRT-300.00 Infra-Popliteal Drug-Eluting Stenting In Patients With Rutherford Class VI Critical Limb Ischemia

Randomized studies and registries have shown that drug-eluting stenting (DES) of infra-popliteal arteries (IPA) is an excellent revascularization strategy in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) Rutherford class IV and V. There is no available data for RC VI patients because they were excluded
Barriers to Remote Health Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Proposed Classification Scheme

Background: Diabetes self-management involves adherence to healthy daily habits typically involving blood glucose monitoring, medication, exercise, and diet. To support self-management, some providers have begun testing remote interventions for monitoring and assisting patients between clinic visits. Although some studies have shown success, there are barriers to widespread adoption. Objective: The objective of our study was to identify and classify barriers to adoption of remote health for management of type 2 diabetes. Methods: The following 6 electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2010 to 2015: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Northern Light Life Sciences Conference Abstracts, and Scopus (Elsevier). The search identified studies involving remote technologies for type 2 diabetes self-management. Reviewers worked in teams of 2 to review and extract data from identified papers. Information collected included study characteristics, outcomes, dropout rates, technologies used, and barriers identified. Results: A total of 53 publications on 41 studies met the specified criteria. Lack of data accuracy due to input bias (32%, 13/41), limitations on scalability (24%, 10/41), and technology illiteracy (24%, 10/41) were the most commonly cited barriers. Technology illiteracy was most prominent in low-income populations, whereas limitations on scalability were more prominent in mid-income populations. Barriers identified were applied to a conceptual model of successful remote health, which includes patient engagement, patient technology accessibility, quality of care, system technology cost, and provider productivity. In total, 40.5% (60/148) of identified barrier instances impeded patient engagement, which is manifest in the large dropout rates cited (up to 57%). Conclusions: The barriers identified represent major challenges in the design of remote health interventions for diabetes. Breakthrough technologies and systems are needed to alleviate the barriers identified so far, particularly those associated with patient engagement. Monitoring devices that provide objective and reliable data streams on medication, exercise, diet, and glucose monitoring will be essential for widespread effectiveness. Additional work is needed to understand root causes of high dropout rates, and new interventions are needed to identify and assist those at the greatest risk of dropout. Finally, future studies must quantify costs and benefits to determine financial sustainability. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(2):e28]
Mental Representations, Psychology of

A mental representation is a system of symbols isomorphic to some aspect of the environment, used to make behavior-generating decisions that anticipate events and relations in that environment. A representational system has the following components: symbols, which refer to aspects of the environment; symbol processing operations, which generate symbols representing behaviorally required information about the environment by transforming and combining other symbols representing computationally related information; sensing and measuring processes, which relate the symbolic variables to the aspects of the world to which they refer; and decision processes, which translate decision variables into observable actions. From a behaviorist perspective, mental representations do not exist and cannot be the focus of a scientific psychology. From a cognitivist perspective, psychology is the study of mental representations, how they are computed, and how they affect behavior.
Kentuckian’s Attitudes on Capital Punishment, 1989–2016

Citizens’ attitudes toward the death penalty have been effected by the availability of life without parole (LWOP). Our analysis focuses upon data from a representative sample of Kentuckians on death penalty attitudes. The factors influencing and related to death penalty support and compared to support for LWOP are considered along with a review of Kentucky survey findings from 1989–2016. The results reveal consistent support for LWOP over the death penalty. Male Kentucky residents with a college education were most likely to support life without parole over capital punishment while male conservatives did not.
Accelerating Coverage Directed Test Generation for Functional Verification: A Neural Network-based Framework

With increasing design complexity, the correlation between test transactions and functional properties becomes non-intuitive, hence impacting the reliability of test generation. This paper presents a modified coverage directed test generation based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN extracts features of test transactions and only those which are learned to be critical, will be sent to the design under verification. Furthermore, the priority of coverage groups is dynamically learned based on the previous test iterations. With ANN-based screening, low-coverage or redundant assertions will be filtered out, which helps accelerate the verification process. This allows our framework to learn from the results of the previous vectors and use that knowledge to select the following test vectors. Our experimental results confirm that our learning-based framework can improve the speed of existing function verification techniques by 24.5x and also also deliver assertion coverage improvement, ranging from 4.3x to 28.9x, compared to traditional coverage directed test generation, implemented in UVM.
The Perceived Difficulty Assessment Questionnaire (PDAQ): Methodology and Applications for Leisure Educators and Practitioners

This learning activity introduces the Perceived Difficulty Assessment Questionnaire, or PDAQ. The PDAQ is a simple self-measure of difficulty that can be included in every assignment completed by a...
Towards a complete transcriptional regulatory code: improved motif discovery using informative priors

Transcriptional regulation is the primary mechanism employed by the cell to ensure coordinated expression of its numerous genes. A key component of this process is the binding of proteins called transcription factors (TFs) to corresponding regulatory sites on the DNA. Understanding where exactly these TFs bind, under what conditions they are active, and which genes they regulate is all part of deciphering the transcriptional regulatory code. An important step towards solving this problem is the identification of DNA binding specificities, represented as motifs, for all TFs. In spite of an explosion of TF binding data from high-throughput technologies, the problem of motif discovery remains unsolved, due to the short length and degeneracy of binding sites. We introduce PRIORITY, a Gibbs sampling-based approach, which incorporates informative positional priors into a probabilistic framework, to find significant motifs from high-throughput TF binding data. We use different data sources to build our positional priors and apply them to yeast ChIP-chip data: (1) TFs can be classified into several structural classes based on their DNA-binding domains. Using a Bayesian learning algorithm, we show that it is possible to predict the class of a TF with remarkable accuracy, using information solely from its DNA binding sites. We further incorporate these results in the form of informative priors into PRIORITY, which learns the structural class of the TF in addition to its motif. (2) In the nucleus, DNA is present in the form of chromatin—wrapped around nucleosomes—with certain regions being more accessible to TFs than others. It has been shown that functional binding sites are generally located in nucleosome-free regions. We use nucleosome occupancy predictions to compute a novel positional prior that biases the search towards the more accessible regions, thereby enriching the motif signal. (3) Functional elements are often conserved across related species. Most conventional methods that exploit this fact use alignments. However, multiple alignments cannot always capture relocation and reversed orientation of binding sites across species. We propose a new alignment-free technique that not only accounts for these transformations, but is much faster than conventional methods. All our priors significantly outperform conventional methods, finding motifs matching literature for 52 TFs. We produce a genome-wide map of TF binding sites in yeast based on these and other novel motif predictions.
The Role of Thiols in Response to Radiation and Drugs

Glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as the major intracellular nonprotein thiol involved in protecting hypoxic cells against radiation injury (1–10). In contrast, we have demonstrated increased radiosensitivity for GSH-depleted aerobic and hypoxic A549 human lung carcinoma cells (2–5). This parallel increase in radiosensitivity conflicts with the popular interpretation of existing data regarding the effect of GSH depletion on hypoxic sensitivity alone (5). Subsequently, ratios of (hypoxic slope) / (aerobic slope) may be misleading if GSH depletion alters both responses, but by different mechanisms.
Immediate Weight-Bearing Protocol for the Determination of Ankle Stability in Patients With Isolated Distal Fibular Fractures.

Objective:To evaluate an alternative protocol for allowing immediate weight-bearing (WB) as tolerated in a functional walking boot in patients with a medial clear space (MCS) of less than 4 mm on nonstressed initial radiographs with subsequent WB radiographs at 1-week follow-up to determine if this
Re-examining insulin compared to non-insulin therapies for type 2 diabetes: when in the disease trajectory is insulin preferable?

In patients with type 2 diabetes secondary to excess nutrients and energy balance, relative – not absolute – insulin deficiency plays a key role in disease development and progression. Although pat...
A Developmental Approach to Internal Medicine Residency Education: Lessons Learned from the Design and Implementation of a Novel Longitudinal Coaching Program.

Background: Resident physicians’ achievement of professional competencies requires reflective practice skills and faculty coaching. Graduate medical education programs, however, struggle to operati...
Fungal and Bacterial Maize Kernel Interactions with the Vertically Transmitted Endophytic State of Fusarium verticillioides

The genus Fusarium consists of 100 or more valid species, although it is anticipated that additional cryptic species will be defined. We are concerned with one species F. verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg, the sexual stage of which is Gibberella moniliformis Wineland. Historically, this fungus was based on the broad concept of Fusarium nomenclature, and the common synonyms F. moniliforme or Gibberella fujikuroi, mating population A, were used. In this review, both synonyms will be used depending upon the author’s earlier citations. F. verticillioides under its various synonyms is associated with well over 32 plant families and is known to be seed-borne on at least 10 of these, where it causes seedling blights, root rots, stem rots, and pre- and post-harvest kernel rots. Thus, this species and other Fusarium species are nonhost-specific or host generalists. F. verticillioides, however, is a noted parasite of maize and is found throughout the world wherever maize is grown. Of considerable importance is that this fungus infects maize as a symptomless endophyte, where it produces several homologues of the fumonisin mycotoxins, primarily fumonisin B1 and B2. The fumonisins produce toxicity syndromes in livestock, poultry, and is implicated in several human diseases. Surveys indicate that approximately 95% of the world’s isolates are capable of producing this group of mycotoxins apparently resulting from the endophytic infection. In addition to the fumonisins, F. verticillioides produces several other metabolites of varying toxicities to plants and animals. Fusaric acid is one such toxin although it is produced by this and all other fusaria examined. The role of fusaric acid within the association now includes activity as a quorum sensing inhibitor. Quorum sensing is crucial to the proper performance and ecological fitness of most microbial populations, including fungi. Inhibiting this mechanism dooms most organisms to low competitive interspecific and intraspecific competition, while allowing the fusaria to dominate the intercellular spaces of maize. Thus, importance of quorum sensing is briefly reviewed along with the emphasis that it might play in maintaining dominant interactions among other F. verticillioides as a means of control or regulating competing organisms.
Abstract P2-10-11: Participation of African Americans in clinical trials supporting FDA approval of breast cancer medications

BACKGROUND African Americans comprise 12% of the total United States population. Lifetime probability of developing cancer in African Americans is 37.55%. Lifetime probability of developing breast cancer in African Americans is 11.1%. African Americans have higher lifetime probability of dying because of breast cancer compared to Caucasians (3.3% versus 2.7%). Concerns exist that African Americans are underrepresented in trials of breast cancer medications. We sought to examine African Americans participation for pivotal breast cancer medications trials submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supporting marketing applications. METHODS On the basis of publicly available FDA reviews, the authors assessed enrollment of African Americans in trials supporting 9 drug approvals from 2014 to 2018. Those trials resulted in approval of medications to treat breast cancer. Prevalence-corrected estimates for the participation of African Americans were calculated as the percentage of African Americans among trial participants divided by the percentage of African Americans in the disease population (participation to prevalence ratio [PPR]), with a range between 0.8 and 1.2 reflecting similar representation of African Americans in the trial and disease population. RESULTS A total of 22,075 patients enrolled in clinical trials, which resulted in subsequent FDA approval. The proportion of African Americans enrolled in the clinical trials that led to breast cancer medication approval in the 5-year period was 6.83%. The calculated PPR for participation of African Americans in clinical trials that led to drug approval for breast cancer was 0.29. CONCLUSIONS African Americans were under represented in trials of drugs for breast cancer. Efforts should be made to increase the proportion of participation of African Americans in clinical trials. Citation Format: Samer Al Hadidi, Martha Mims, Courtney Miller-Chism, Rammurti Kamble. Participation of African Americans in clinical trials supporting FDA approval of breast cancer medications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-11.
Die Arbeit von Piloten – Stand der Diskussion

Die technische Ausgestaltung von Verkehrsflugzeugen hat seit den Anfangen der Fliegerei eindrucksvolle Veranderungen erfahren. Erstmals gelang es Otto Lilien-thal im Jahr 1891, einen Gleitflieger zu entwickeln und zu testen. Etwas mehr als eine Dekade spater waren bereits deutliche technische Fortschritte erreicht, als die Gebruder Wright 1903 den ersten motorisierten und gesteuerten Flug – uber stolze 45 Meter – durchfuhrten. Es begann eine nahezu beispiellose technische Weiterentwicklung, welche stets auch die Anforderungen an den jeweiligen Lenker der Maschine bestimmte.
Creative Captioning: An AI Grand Challenge Based on the Dixit Board Game.

We propose a new class of "grand challenge" AI problems that we call creative captioning---generating clever, interesting, or abstract captions for images, as well as understanding such captions. Creative captioning draws on core AI research areas of vision, natural language processing, narrative reasoning, and social reasoning, and across all these areas, it requires sophisticated uses of common sense and cultural knowledge. In this paper, we analyze several specific research problems that fall under creative captioning, using the popular board game Dixit as both inspiration and proposed testing ground. We expect that Dixit could serve as an engaging and motivating benchmark for creative captioning across numerous AI research communities for the coming 1-2 decades.
Non-invasive detection and characterization of Otitis Media with Raman spectroscopy

Otitis media (OM) is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear and is the most frequent cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions for children. Current diagnostic methods do not differentiate acute otitis media from otitis media with effusion, as both types of OM share many symptomatic features. A cohort of around 50 patients undergoing myringotomy were enrolled in this study, where Raman spectroscopy (RS) allowed non-invasive determination of OM subtype. Here we demonstrate the potential for RS to probe OM infection status in pediatric patients, to guide treatment protocol for ear infections and limit over-prescription of antibiotics.
Social support moderates the relationship between interpersonal trauma and suicidal behaviors among college students.

PARTICIPANTS A racially diverse sample of 350 undergraduate students was utilized. METHODS Participants completed online, self-report questionnaires on lifetime traumatic experiences, suicidal behaviors, and perceived social support. RESULTS The experience of IPT was significantly associated with suicidal behavior (rs =.29, p < .001), and social support significantly moderated this relationship, F(3, 343) = 36.85, p < .001, ΔR2 = .02, p = .008. IPT survivors with greater levels of perceived social support reported less suicidal behavior compared to IPT survivors with low levels of perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS Suicide prevention efforts may be improved through the development of trauma-focused interventions devised to enhance perceptions of social support among college students experiencing IPT.
DisCo: Combining Disassemblers for Improved Performance

Malware infects thousands of systems globally each day causing millions of dollars in damages. Which disassembler should a malware analyst choose in order to get the most accurate disassembly and be able to detect, analyze and defuse malware quickly? There is no clear answer to this question: (a) the performance of disassemblers varies across configurations, and (b) most prior work on disassemblers focuses on benign software and the x86 CPU architecture. In this work, we take a different approach and ask: why not use all the disassemblers instead of picking one? We present DisCo, a novel and effective approach to harness the collective capability of a group of disassemblers combining their output into an ensemble consensus. We develop and evaluate our approach using 1760 IoT malware binaries compiled with different compilers and compiler options for the ARM and MIPS architectures. First, we show that DisCo can combine the collective wisdom of disassemblers effectively. For example, our approach outperforms the best contributing disassembler by as much as 17.8% in the F1 score for function start identification for MIPS binaries compiled using GCC with O3 option. Second, the collective wisdom of the disassemblers can be brought back to improve each disassembler. As a proof of concept, we show that byte-level signatures identified by DisCo can improve the performance of Ghidra by as much as 13.6% in terms of the F1 score. Third, we quantify the effect of the architecture, the compiler, and the compiler options on the performance of disassemblers. Finally, the systematic evaluation within our approach led to a bug discovery in Ghidra v9.1, which was acknowledged by the Ghidra team.
On the significance of the threshold for fatigue crack growth

This paper relates the threshold for the propagation of large cracks together with consideration of the closure process to the propagation of small cracks from notches. In addition the effect of closure on the initial stages of crack growth in smooth specimens as a function of the R ratio is also considered. The need for accurate determination of the closure characteristics of small cracks is stressed.
Improving Packaging Operations in the Plastics Industry

A large plastics company commissioned the development and use of an improved packaging system based on a simulation study to increase the capacity of its packaging operations at one of its divisions. The four bag- and box-packaging stations that pack the material produced by 13 extrusion lines were causing a major bottleneck that was impacting the throughput of the plant and was resulting in significant costs due to increased outsourcing of packaging operations. A team that included the authors simulated the plant operations to show that the packaging capacity could be significantly increased through better scheduling and that there was no need to invest in additional equipment and manpower. The team then developed and implemented a packaging system with a novel scheduling system that has increased throughput capacity by 20%. In addition, the system has yielded significant cost savings because of productivity gains and reduced outsourcing of packaging operations. Keywords: manufacturing; capacity planning; discrete event simulation; scheduling algorithms; heuristics
Performance enhancement of 2D face recognition via mosaicing

We describe a face mosaicing scheme that generates a composite face image during enrollment based on the evidence provided by frontal and semi-profile face images of an individual. Face mosaicing obviates the need to store multiple face templates representing multiple poses of a user's face image. In the proposed scheme, the side profile images are aligned with the frontal image using a terrain transform that exploits neighborhood properties to determine the transformation relating the 2 images. Multiresolution splining is then used to blend the side profiles with the frontal image thereby generating a composite face image of the user. A local binary pattern matching algorithm is used to compare an input face image with the template face mosaic. Experiments conducted on a small dataset of 27 users indicate that face mosaicing as described in this paper offers significant benefits by accounting for the pose variations commonly observed in face images.
Extending DCE RPC by Dynamic Objects and Dynamic Typing

Current DCE RPC offers an object model which is static in that objects are assumed permanent and published within a directory. Moreover, all parameters of an object's interface are typed statically. We argue that this object model should be enhanced by dynamic objects which are created as the result of a client/server interaction with parameters whose types are conveyed at creation- or call-time. Dynamic objects are a common model for context-handles and callback, as well as delegation scenarios. Dynamic typing facilitates access to generic servers through RPC. In this paper our emphasis is on motivating the need for the proposed extensions, and on showing that they can be integrated into current DCE RPC in an upward compatible manner.
Familiarity Effects on Trust with Mobile Computing Device Websites

The market for mobile Internet-based devices is in its infancy and may grow to over $550 billion by 2008. However, the growth of the mobile-device market is limited by problems related to cost, speed, security, privacy, usability, and trust. In particular, lack of consumer trust is said to be the most significant long-term barrier for m-commerce. As such, this research focuses on how familiar company logos on small-device websites affect users' perceptions of credibility and subsequent trust of the company.Using a highly controlled laboratory experiment, we found that when users are briefly exposed to small-device websites that have graphical logos of companies with positive reputations, those users have significantly higher levels of website trust. Not using logos or company identifiers, or using known logos of companies with negative reputations resulted in far less trust.Given the dramatically limited screen space of mobile devices, designers may be tempted to conserve space by eliminating graphical logos. The results of our study indicate that graphical logos should be considered for this limited space to likely increase the initial trust perceptions that predict website use. Companies that do not have established or positive reputations can still benefit from these findings by incorporating known and credible logos from partner companies.
Observation of Mössbauer Effects in the Decay of Coulomb Excited Nuclear Levels

The techniques of Mossbauer spectroscopy using Coulomb-excited nuclear levels are discussed. Primary emphasis is on mew Mossbauer levels in the rare-earth region, and on the experimental techniques used to provide cooled targets and absorbers in order to see Mossbauer effects of reasonable size. The problem of radiation damage in the target is discussed, and some conjectures are advanced to explain the absence of appreciable distortions in the resulting Mossbauer hyper-fine spectra. Results of a study of the even isotopes of ytterbium are presented as an example of the use of the above techniques in studying nuclear systematks. The Mossbauer-effect results for the quadrupole moments of the first excited states of these isotopes are compared with previous values obtained by using the collective model and measured Coulomb-excitation cross sections.
Biogeographic constraints on the world‐wide leaf economics spectrum

Aim The world-wide leaf economic spectrum (LES) describes tight coordination of leaf traits across global floras, reported to date as being largely independent of phylogeny and biogeography. Here, we present and test an alternative, historical perspective that predicts that biogeography places significant constraints on global trait evolution. These hypothesized constraints could lead to important deviations in leaf trait relationships between isolated floras that were influenced by different magnitudes of genetic constraint and selection. Location Global, including floristic regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, eastern North America, East Asia (EAS), the Hawaiian Islands and tropical mainland floras. Methods We use a large leaf-trait database (GLOPNET) and species native distribution data to test for variation in leaf trait relationships modulated by floristic region, controlling for climatic differences. Standardized major axis analyses were used to evaluate biogeographic effects on bivariate relationships between LES traits, including relationships of photosynthetic capacity and dark respiration rate (Amass–Rd-mass), leaf lifespan and mass per area ratio (LL–LMA), and photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen content (Amass–Nmass). Results Independent of climate or biome, floras of different evolutionary histories exhibited different leaf trait allometries. Floras of the Northern Hemisphere exhibited greater rates of return on resource investment (steeper slopes for the trait relationships analysed), and the more diverse temperate EAS flora exhibited greater slopes or intercepts in leaf trait relationships, with the exception of the Amass–Nmass relationship. In contrast to our hypothesis, plants of the floristically isolated Hawaiian Islands exhibited a similar Amass–Nmass relationship to those of mainland tropical regions. Main conclusions Differences in leaf trait allometries among global floristic regions support a historical perspective in understanding leaf trait relationships and suggest that independent floras can exhibit different tradeoffs in resource capture strategies.
Preschool Antecedents of Mathematics Achievement of Latinos The Influence of Family Resources, Early Literacy Experiences, and Preschool Attendance

Seventy-three Latino middle school students participated in a longitudinal study of the preschool antecedents of their mathematics achievement. Path analysis indicated that family resources (parents' educational level, occupation, and income) predicted home literacy activities, which predicted combined early Spanish literacy and English language proficiencies at kindergarten entry, which predicted elementary mathematics achievement, which in turn predicted middle school mathematics performance. These results and qualitative analyses with a subsample of 30 randomly selected families suggest that literacy and numeracy proficiency go hand in hand, and to close the Latino mathematics achievement gap a combined effort of preschool and early elementary literacy and numeracy interventions programs are needed to supplement efforts in middle and high school.
Nuclear cAMP-dependent protein kinase in rat parotid acinar cells

Abstract Receptor interactions of parotid acinar cells with β-agonists are mediated by cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and expressed as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) activation. In addition to its location in the cytoplasm, we have shown that cAPK is associated with the nuclear non-histone protein (NHP) fraction (0.35 M NaCl extract) of rat parotid acinar cells. Nuclei were prepared from isolated parotid acini with minimal contamination from other cell types or cytoplasmic components. The nuclear cAPK activity was inhibited by the thermostable inhibitor and was stimulated by the addition of exogenous cAMP to the assay, indicating that the enzyme is present in the holoenzyme form. Enzyme activity was not increased in the presence of detergent, suggesting that cAPK is not bound to the nuclear membrane. Photoaffinity-labeling studies with an 8-azido analog of cAMP showed that regulatory subunits of both type I and type II cAPK isozymes are present in parotid cell nuclei. Short-term in vitro stimulation of the acini with 10 −6 M isoproterenol did not alter cAPK activity in the nuclear fraction. These findings indicate that compartmentation of cAPK into nuclear and extranuclear locations in rat parotid acinar cells is similar to that of several other cell types which are responsive to hormonal stimulation.
Comparisons of Magnitude Estimation Scaling of Rock Music by Children, Young Adults, and Older People

The present study concerned the perceptual processing of complex auditory stimuli in 10 children (M age = 8.1) as compared to 10 young adults (M age = 19.3) and 10 older adult subjects (M age = 54.2). The auditory stimulus used was 10 sec. of rock music (Led Zeppelin, 1969). All three groups provided numerical responses to nine intensities of the rock music stimulus (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 dB above threshold). Analysis showed that the children reported a wider range of numerical responses than both adult groups. The mean numerical responses for the children ranged from .54 to 54.24. For the young adults the range was .76 to 11.37, and for the older subjects it was 1.6 to 23.31. Results suggest that the children were not bound by the same set of rules as the adults with regard to magnitude estimation scaling of the loudness of the rock music stimulus. Their internal scaling mechanisms appeared to be more flexible and broader based than those of the adults who participated in this study.
Optimal control of multi‐channel service systems

D. P. Heyman, M. Sobel, and M. J. Magazine among others have shown existence of an optimal policy for control of single server queuing systems. For queues under periodic review existence of an analogous rule is established for multi-server systems. Formulation as a dynamic programming problem is given and proofs for existence are presented for finite horizon, infinite horizon and average cost criteria.
Purification and properties of rat brain hexokinase

Abstract Rat brain hexokinase has been purified to homogeneity as judged by disc-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and analytical ultracentrifugation. More than 50% of the initial activity could be obtained in homogeneous form (sp act, 60 units/mg protein) by a simple procedure consisting essentially of two steps: relatively specific solubilization of the enzyme from the mitochondrial membrane by glucose-6-P, followed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The molecular weight is approximately 98,000; this same molecular weight was observed when the denatured enzyme was examined by the SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoretic technique, strongly suggesting that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain. In accord with this view, a single N-terminal amino acid, glycine, has been recovered in 80% yield based on a molecular weight of 98,000. The amino acid composition of the rat brain hexokinase has been determined and found to be very similar to that previously reported for the bovine brain enzyme (Schwartz, G. P., and Basford, R. E. (1967) Biochemistry6, 1070, suggesting extensive sequence homology. A notable feature of the brain hexokinases is a relatively low aromatic amino acid content, as judged by the amino acid composition and the relatively low molar extinction coefficient.
National Standards: Research into practice

The Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (SFLL) (National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project [NSFLEP]), originally published in 1996, were envisioned by many as the panacea for providing a new and exciting direction for foreign language education in the United States. The perceived impact of these National K-16 Student Standards has been witnessed throughout more than a decade by scholarly works that have acknowledged their role as ‘a veritable change agent’ (Sharpley-Whiting 1999: 84), ‘a vision for foreign language education in the new century’ (Allen 2002: 518), and, more recently, as ‘a blueprint and framework for change’ (Terry 2009: 17). The research that has been done on the Standards since their inception has attempted to provide concrete ways for the field to embrace this new framework and thereby realize a Standards-based curriculum and perhaps even revolutionize language education. This work has consisted largely of (1) implementational research (both with and without experimental design) that proposes specific strategies for addressing the Standards in planning, teaching, and assessment (Schwartz & Kavanaugh 1997; Abbott & Lear 2010); (2) survey research that analyzes self-reported information regarding teachers' pedagogical beliefs about the Standards and ways in which they claim to be addressing Standards in their classrooms (Allen 2002; ACTFL 2011), and (3) White papers that disseminate opinions and insights by leaders in the field regarding the impact that the Standards are having in areas such as language instruction, curriculum and course design, and educational policy (Sharpley-Whiting 1999; Donato 2009; Glisan 2010).
Seasonal variation in planktivory risk in a Southern New England coastal habitat

Planktivory is believed to be a major selective force in marine systems, but little is known about how the intensity of planktivory risk varies spatially or temporally. We assessed seasonal daytime planktivory patterns over fifteen months (Apr 2003 to Jun 2004) at a temperate site in eastern Long Island Sound, CT. Planktivory was measured using modified Plankton Tethering Units (PTUs) deployed from floating docks and baited with live brine shrimp. Planktivory risk varied throughout the year. The highest levels of risk occurred in Aug, Sept and Oct (85%, 75% and 42.5% of brine shrimp consumed, respectively), the lowest levels of risk occurred from Dec to Apr. Mean monthly consumption of brine shrimp strongly correlated with the presence of planktivorous fish. Many species of benthic invertebrates exhibited high levels of recruitment during times of the year when planktivory risk was high, although some species recruited when planktivory risk was low. These seasonal planktivory patterns (highest risk occurring during the late summer and early fall) may be typical for many temperate near-shore habitats, especially those associated with man-made structures (e.g., floating docks, pilings).
Robust Tracking Control of a Prosthesis Test Robot

This paper develops a passivity-based robust motion controller for a robot used in prosthetic leg performance studies. The mathematical model of the robot and passive prosthesis corresponds to a three degree-of-freedom, underactuated rigid manipulator. A form of robotic testing of prostheses involves tracking reference trajectories obtained from human gait studies. The robot presented in this paper emulates hip vertical displacement and thigh swing, and we consider a prosthesis with a passive knee for control development. The control objectives are to track commanded hip displacements and thigh angles accurately, even in the presence of parametric uncertainties and large disturbance forces arising from ground contact during the stance phase. We develop a passivity-based controller suitable for an underactuated system and compare it with a simple independent-joint sliding mode controller (IJ-SMC). This paper describes the mathematical model and nominal parameters, derives the passivity-based controller using Lyapunov techniques and reports success in real-time implementation of both controllers, whose advantages and drawbacks are compared.
Electrical breakdown of soil about earthed conductors resulting from late time EMP effects

EMP/EMC-related transient electromagnetic phenomenology has historically focused on source time scales on the order of 10/sup -9/-10/sup -6/ after the onset of the pulse. This is the domain of the standard EMP wave assumed propagating within a region. Earthed conductors, however, may be subject to a secondary electromagnetic excitation of longer duration caused by the resulting negative charge combining through the earth. The currents and charge densities developed about buried conductors in this regime have temporal durations greater than 30 mu s and are shown to permit the onset of corona. The authors investigate the effects that the formation of corona may have on the late-time transient electrodynamics associated with earthed conductors. This is done by formulating the soil conductivity as a function of yield intensity and characterizing the transient phenomenology in the vicinity of an earthed conducting right circular cylinder. The results of the investigation indicate that the presence of corona tends to increase the current on the conductor and thereby worsen the late-time EMP hazard. >
The action of bisphenolic compounds on succinoxidase, cytochrome C oxidase and lactic dehydrogenase of animal tissue.

Abstract A study has been made of the effect of certain chlorinated bisphenolic compounds, particularly hexachlorophene [2,2′-methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol)], on the succinoxidase system of animal tissues and on the activities of purified cytochrome oxidase and purified lactic dehydrogenase of animal origin. Probable interactions of the bisphenolic compounds with cytochrome and with diphosphopyridine nucleotides have also been explored. At levels of between 10 −4 and 10 −6 M , hexachlorophene effectively inhibits heart, kidney, and liver succinoxidase systems. At similar levels it inhibits the purified cytochrome oxidase as well as the purified lactic dehydrogenase systems. There appears to be no detectable interaction between the chlorinated bisphenols and either reduced or oxidized diphosphopyridine nucleotide, nor does there appear to be any impairment of the oxidizability or reducibility of cytochrome in spite of the strong binding power of cytochrome for hexachlorophene and certain other bisphenols.
Resin effects in solid phase SNAr and SN2 macrocyclizations

Seven different supports were compared in solid-phase SNAr and SN2 macrocyclization reactions. Product purities were assayed for a relatively facile ring-closure process to give products 1 and 3. Some less-facile ring-closure reactions give the undesired dimeric macrocyclization by-products 2; some of these more-demanding ring closures were also examined. Finally, experiments were performed to gauge the rate of cyclizations on different resins, and some qualitative data were obtained for this. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng (Comb Chem) 71:3–8, 2000.
Use of Metformin in Diseases of Aging

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the world. It has primacy in the treatment of this disease because of its safety record and also because of evidence for reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. Evidence has accumulated indicating that metformin is safe in people with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD-3). It is estimated that roughly one-quarter of people with CKD-3 and T2DM in the United States (well over 1 million) are ineligible for metformin treatment because of elevated serum creatinine levels. This could be overcome if a scheme, perhaps based on pharmacokinetic studies, could be developed to prescribe reduced doses of metformin in these individuals. There is also substantial evidence from epidemiologic studies to indicate that metformin may not only be safe, but may actually benefit people with heart failure (HF). Prospective, randomized trials of the use of metformin in HF are needed to investigate this possibility.
A comparison of a theoretical model and sensitivity factor calculations for quantification of sims data

Abstract A comparison of the accuracies of two calculating techniques used to quantify SIMS data from 13 NBS glass and 5 NBS iron standards has been made. The two techniques are (a) a theoretical one based on the assumption of local thermal equilibrium, and (b) an empirical one using average sensitivity factors. The results show that, if a suitable set of sensitivity factors exists, more accurate results are obtained through their use. Our results were within a factor of 2 of theoretical expectations using sensitivity factors 85% of the time; the corresponding number for the theoretical approach is ca. 55%.
Studies on the genus Fontinalis (Musci: Fontinalaceae)

Fontinalis welchiana, a new species in the concave-leaved group ofFontinalis restricted to Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois, differs fromF. novaeangliae by its slender size, dimorphic leaves, erect and strongly concave branch leaves, and lightly papillose exostome with ventral lamellae that are strongly rounded at the corners.Fontinalis allenii is a synonym ofF. antipyretica var.oreganensis.
Assessing Students' Opportunity to Learn the Intended Curriculum Using an Online Teacher Log: Initial Validity Evidence.

This study provides initial evidence supporting intended score interpretations for the purpose of assessing opportunity to learn (OTL) via an online teacher log. MyiLOGS yields 5 scores related to instructional time, content, and quality. Based on data from 46 middle school classes, the evidence indicated that (a) MyiLOGS has high usability, (b) its quarterly summary scores are relatively consistent over time, (c) summary scores based on 20 randomly sampled log days provide reliable estimates of teachers' respective yearly summary scores, and (d) most teachers report positive consequences from using the instrument. Agreements between log data from teachers and independent observers were comparable to agreements reported in similar studies. Moreover, several OTL scores exhibited moderate correlations with achievement and virtually nonexistent correlations with a curricular alignment index. Limitations and directions for future research to strengthen and extend this initial evidence are discussed.
Tetranomial Thue equations

Abstract Let F ( x , y ) be an irreducible binary form of degree n ⩾ 6 with exactly four nonzero terms. Assuming certain conditions relating the coefficients and the degrees of the different terms are satisfied, we prove upper bounds on the number of equivalent pairs of nontrivial solutions of the Thue equation | F ( x , y ) | = 1 . Improved bounds are provided for a variety of cases, where more information about the form is known.
Implant R100 Predicts Rectal Bleeding in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with IG-IMRT to 45 Gy and Pd-103 Implant

Purpose. To define factors associated with rectal bleeding in patients treated with IG-IMRT followed by Pd-103 seed implant. Methods and Materials. We retrospectively reviewed 61 prostate adenocarcinoma patients from 2002 to 2008. The majority (85.2%) were of NCCN intermediate risk category. All received IG-IMRT to the prostate and seminal vesicles followed by Pd-103 implant delivering a mean D90 of 100.7 Gy. Six patients received 45 Gy to the pelvic nodes and 10 received androgen deprivation. Results. Ten patients (16.4%) developed rectal bleeding: 4 were CTCAE v.3 grade 1, 5 were grade 2, and 1 was grade 3. By univariate analysis, age, stage, Gleason sum, PSA, hormonal therapy, pelvic radiation, postoperative prostate volume, D9, V100, individual source activity, total implanted activity per cm3, and duration of interval before implant did not impact rectal bleeding. Implant R100 was higher in patients with rectal bleeding: on average, 0.885 versus 0.396 cm3, , odds ratio of 2.26 per .5 cm3 (95% CI, 1.16–4.82). A trend for significance was seen for prostate V200 and total implanted activity. Conclusion. Higher implant R100 was associated with development of rectal bleeding in patients receiving IG-IMRT to 45 Gy followed by Pd-103 implant. Minimizing implant R100 may reduce the rate of rectal bleeding in similar patients.
RS-T Segment Displacement in Induced Coronary Insufficiency as Studied with Esophageal Leads

Esophageal electrocardiograms are utilized as a means of studying the left ventricular cavity potentials in induced coronary insufficiency in patients with angina pectoris. Depressions of the RS-T segment recorded in precordial leads after exercise were consistently associated with simultaneously recorded RS-T elevations at the atrial level. These RS-T deviations are interpreted as indicating that in coronary insufficiency there are widespread changes involving the subendocardial aspect of the left ventricle. A circuit is described to enable the recording of better technical esophageal records despite interference due to extraneous low frequency potentials.