cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid by precipitation of copper(II) di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, HDEHP, may be purified by extracting Cu(II) into a solution of HDEHP and precipitating the resulting salt with acetone. Dilute aqueous acid converts the Cu(DEHP)2 back to HDEHP and aqueous Cu(II). The method is simple, produces a pure product in high yield, and is applicable for the removal of both organic and inorganic impurities. Some physical properties of the purified HDEHP are reported.
Cognitive dysfunction and multiple sclerosis: developing a rationale for considering the efficacy of exercise training

Cognitive impairment is a prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS). This underscores the importance of considering alternative approaches, such as exercise training, for managing cognitive impairment in persons with MS. The consideration of exercise training is warranted based on evidence summarized in literature reviews and meta-analyses that (1) aerobic fitness, physical activity, and exercise training are associated with better cognitive function in older adults; and (2) exercise training has comparable effects on mobility and quality of life outcomes in older adults and persons with MS. To date, research examining aerobic fitness, physical activity, and exercise training effects on cognition in MS is nascent and mostly includes cross-sectional designs that provide preliminary evidence for a well-designed randomized controlled trial (RCT). We believe that a future RCT should adopt research methodologies and practices from gerontology when examining exercise training and cognition in MS. This will maximize the potential for successfully generating a body of knowledge on exercise training and cognition with the potential for impacting the lives of persons with MS.
Multi-Residue Determination of Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics in Sera by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) are analgesic, antipyretic, and, as their name implies, anti-inflammatory drugs, which are widely used for the treatment of a variety of human and veterinary disease conditions in which control of pain and inflammation is desired. Acetaminophen (ACE) is a common over-the-counter analgesic. Detection of a variety of widely used NSAIDs and ACE in fluid and tissue samples is an important diagnostic tool. A sensitive and selective analytical method has been developed for simultaneous screening of 12 NSAIDs and ACE by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface set to operate in the negative ion mode of MS. Following sample preparation, all analytes were separated on a C18-reversed-phase column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and acetic acid. Full-scan mass spectral fragmentation profiles were established for each analyte and individual extracted ion chromatograms were used for quantitation. Linearity of detection was observed over the 0.05-25.0 microg/mL range of standard concentrations. The instrument limits of detection (LOD), based on an individual analyte quantitation ions, fell between 0.05 and 1.0 microg/mL for all compounds. The matrix LODs were determined to be 0.05 microg/mL for phenylbutazone (m/z 307); 0.1 microg/mL for indomethacin (m/z 312), flunixin (m/z 295), and piroxicam (m/z 330); 0.5 microg/mL for ACE (m/z 150), diclofenac (m/z 250), ketoprofen (m/z 209), and mefenamic acid (m/z 240); 1.0 microg/mL for oxyphenbutazone (m/z 323); 5.0 microg/mL for ibuprofen (m/z 205), salicylic acid (m/z 137), and tolmetin (m/z 212); and 10 microg/mL for naproxen (m/z 185).
Neighborhood-aware data locality optimization for NoC-based multicores

Data locality optimization is a critical issue for NoC (network-on-chip) based multicore systems. In this paper, focusing on a two-dimensional NoC-based multicore and dataintensive multithreaded applications, we first discuss a data locality aware scheduling algorithm for any given computation-to-core mapping, and then propose an integrated mapping+scheduling algorithm that performs both tasks together. Both our algorithms consider temporal (time-wise) and spatial (neighborhood-aware) data reuse, and try to minimize distance-to-data in on-chip cache accesses. We test the effectiveness of our compiler algorithms using a set of twelve application programs. Our experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms achieve significant improvements in data access latencies (42.7% on average) and overall execution times (24.1% on average). We also conduct a sensitivity analysis where we change the number of cores, on-chip cache capacities, and data movement (migration) strategies. These experiments show that our proposed algorithms generate consistently good results.
CHILDREN'S VISUAL REGARD AND MANUAL ACTIVITY IN RETENTION OF INFORMATION ABOUT SPATIAL POSITION

Summary.-Pointing and visual regard were observed in 64 Ss, nursery school through second grade, to assess developmental differences in the use of overt activity to mediate position of a target moving at a constant speed. On some trials the target differed from ocher stimuli in the array; on some trials it was identical to other stimuli; and on the remaining trials the target was identical to other stimuli, but for short periods of time was invisible to S as it moved behind an opaque panel. Monitoring the course of the target through pointing occurred infrequently and primarily among nursery schoolers and was unrelated to correctly locating the target at [he end of the trial or trial conditions. Continued visual monitoring did facilitate location of the target. However, youngest Ss failed to increase visual regard as a function of the target's similarity to other stimuli, and Ss in all but the oldest group generally had difficulty in detecting the reappearance of the target from behind the panel. The ability of the oldest children to extend the principle of a constant speed to an invisible target did not appear to be a function of an intervening stage in development in which an overt and detectable activity mediated the absent target's rate of movement. In many recent experiments carried out on children's memory and learning processes, considerable attention has been given to age-related changes in the performance of mediating activities (verbal, attentional, and motoric) that may influence instrumental performance. In fact, the concept of a mediational deficiency has been used to account for developmental differences in tasks ranging in nature from dimensional shifts and transposition to short-term memory and clustering. Flavell, Beach, and Chinsky ( 1966), however, have provided evidence to indicate that, at present, a distinction should be maintained between the production of such activities and their mediation of behavior. A production deficiency is indicated on those occasions when an activity that can influence instrumental performance fails to be produced, whereas a mediational deficiency is said to occur when that response, once produced, fails to alter or modify instrumental performance. Flavell and his associates, as well as others, have accumulated evidence suggesting that production deficiencies involving a variety of mediators may account fdr many developmental changes in short-term memory and problem-solving (e.g., Keeney, Cannizzo, & Flavell, 1967; Corsini, Pi&,
Geologic Mapping From Airborne Visible And Near-infrared Relative Band Depth Images, Mountain Pass, California

Airborne vi si blelinfrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Mountain Pass area in southeastern California were examined to evaluate the use of narrow band image data for regional lithologic mapping. Relative absorption band-depth images (RBD) for individual spectral absorption features were generated directly from the data. To determine which RBD images to construct, diagnostic mineral absorption features were identified from laboratory spectral reflectance measurements of rocks collected from the area. 2200, 2310 and 2330
Is the Anaerobic Threshold Truly Anaerobic

This study was done to address the question as to whether there was an exercise metabolic rate below which the O2 supply to the muscles was adequate to meet the O2 requirement and above which the O2 supply was inadequate, ie, an anaerobic threshold (AT). The question was addressed using 2 approaches: (1) The arterial lactate/pyruvate ratio was measured to see if it increased at an O2 uptake (VO2) threshold or continuously as a log function over the entire range of exercise work rates. (2) Anticipating that the VO2 would be affected by reducing O2 supply only for work rates above the AT, the effect of reducing O2 delivery on VO2 for work rates over the entire range of the subject's work capacity was determined. Lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) were measured in arterial blood in 10 normal subjects. The L/P ratio was found not to increase until a threshold work rate was reached, the VO2 being that identified as the AT. Above that VO2, the L/P ratio climbed steeply. Arterial L/P ratio measurements fit a threshold model considerably better than a continuous model, supporting the concept that exercise done at low and moderate work rates can be performed without a change in cell redox state; but redox state does change rapidly in relation to the work rate increase above the AT. In the second study, the cardiorespiratory responses to various levels of exercise were studied in 10 normal subjects before and after carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) was increased to 10% and 20%. The lactic acidosis threshold and VO2 kinetics were examined. Blood lactate concentration increased only above the AT. The AT was systematically decreased by the percent of COHb increase. Importantly, VO2 was reduced and VO2 kinetics were slowed in response to exercise only for the metabolic rates above the AT. These studies demonstrate that lactate increase in response to exercise is O2 flow sensitive, and there is a threshold work rate above which this sensitivity becomes manifest.
Effectiveness of Adrenalectomy and Aldosterone Antagonists for Long-Term Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism

The data published by Rossi et al1 provide additional evidence for the well-established efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers for the treatment of autonomous hyperaldosteronism whether caused by an aldosterone-producing adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.2 The data are interpreted as showing a better outcome for adrenalectomy for patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma than for MR blocker therapy for those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in the provision of a cure (42% versus 0) and the number of antihypertensive drugs needed for the long-term control of hypertension (1.76 versus …
Data quality control in social surveys using genetic information.

This article introduces a novel way of taking advantage of genetic data in social surveys for the purposes of data quality control. Genetic information could detect and repair data issues such as missing data, reporting errors, differences in measures of the same variable, and flawed data. Using data from two surveys, the College Roommate Study (ROOM) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we show that proportion identical by descent score (a measure of genetic relationships) can identify “misreported” and unreported sibling type and detect misrepresented participants, bio-ancestry score (a measure of ancestral population memberships) can repair and recover missing race and discrepancies among different measures of self-reported race, and sex chromosomal information may help cross-check self-reported sex. This article represents an initial effort to utilize genetic data for the purposes of data quality control. As genetic data become increasingly available, researchers may ...
Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factor FGF19 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression

Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. There is broad evidence that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors are important in prostate cancer initiation and progression, but the contribution of particular FGFs in this disease is not fully understood. The FGF family members FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 comprise a distinct subfamily that circulate in serum and act in an endocrine manner. These endocrine FGFs require α-Klotho (KL) and/or β-Klotho (KLB), two related single-pass transmembrane proteins restricted in their tissue distribution, to act as coreceptors along with classic FGF receptors (FGFR) to mediate potent biologic activity. Here we show that FGF19 is expressed in primary and metastatic prostate cancer tissues, where it functions as an autocrine growth factor. Exogenous FGF19 promoted the growth, invasion, adhesion, and colony formation of prostate cancer cells at low ligand concentrations. FGF19 silencing in prostate cancer cells expressing autocrine FGF19 decreased invasion and proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with these observations, KL and/or KLB were expressed in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, raising the possibility that additional endocrine FGFs may also exert biologic effects in prostate cancer. Our findings support the concept that therapies targeting FGFR signaling may have efficacy in prostate cancer and highlight FGF19 as a relevant endocrine FGF in this setting.
Robust stabilization of time-delay systems

A method of feedback controller design that results in maximal robustness in terms of closed-loop stability is proposed. The plants under consideration are linear with transmission delays. It is shown that, as long as a delay system can be approximated in the gap metric, the robust controller can be explicitly constructed to achieve the maximal stability robustness. >
Refractory hypotension during general anesthesia despite preoperative discontinuation of an angiotensin receptor blocker

Due to their beneficial reduction in morbidity and mortality angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have become increasingly popular to treat hypertension. However, similar to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, they can lead to severe hypotension in conjunction with general anesthesia and thus have been recommended to be withheld in the morning of surgery. Here, we present a 51 year old female who developed severe refractory hypotension after induction of general anesthesia, although she had discontinued her medication 24 hours preoperatively as instructed. Therefore, halting ARBs for more than 24 hours before surgery may be necessary. Heightened awareness of this potential interaction and recognizing the need to treat with vasopressin is required when ARB-induced hypotension occurs.
VARIATION IN DIET OF THE MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BAT (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS MEXICANA)

This study documents the diet of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) at Carlsbad Cavern, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Eddy County, New Mexico, and provides information on seasonal variation in food habits of this species throughout its summer residence. Diet was determined from 1,303 fecal samples. Eleven orders and 38 families of insects, unidentified insects, 2 orders of Arachnida (Araneae and Acari), bat hair, and mist net were consumed, with Lepidoptera (moths) and Coleoptera (beetles) occurring at greatest percentage volumes and percentage frequencies in the diet. Diet varied significantly throughout the season. Twenty-two food categories exhibited statistically significant variation among sampling sessions. Amounts of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Formicidae, Psyllidae, Hymenoptera, and Diptera consumed showed the greatest differences among sampling sessions.
An Adaptative Framework Architecture for RFID Applications

The rising use of RFID has been stimulating the world market through strong financial investments heading for the adoption of RFID as a standard identification technology. Such initiative has been fomenting the necessity of an infrastructure able to deal with the restrictions and limitations imposed by business areas and RFID environments. This work presents a modular and adaptive framework architecture that implements the EPC Network specifications and that aims at facilitating the RFID applications development. The framework is composed by modules that provide communication interfaces for different applications and reader devices and also a set of functions for data processing and information services. For the work validation, the framework was integrated in a real system for fuel supply control of vehicle fleets and the results demonstrated its efficiency in the integration of RFID systems.
Evolutionary Clustering and Analysis of Bibliographic Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of evolutionary clustering of multi-typed objects in a heterogeneous bibliographic network. The traditional methods of homogeneous clustering methods do not result in a good typed-clustering. The design of heterogeneous methods for clustering can help us better understand the evolution of each of the types apart from the evolution of the network as a whole. In fact, the problem of clustering and evolution diagnosis are closely related because of the ability of the clustering process to summarize the network and provide insights into the changes in the objects over time. We present such a tightly integrated method for clustering and evolution diagnosis of heterogeneous bibliographic information networks. We present an algorithm, ENetClus, which performs such an agglomerative evolutionary clustering which is able to show variations in the clusters over time with a temporal smoothness approach. Previous work on clustering networks is either based on homogeneous graphs with evolution, or it does not account for evolution in the process of clustering heterogeneous networks. This paper provides the first framework for evolution-sensitive clustering and diagnosis of heterogeneous information networks. The ENetClus algorithm generates consistent typed clusterings across time, which can be used for further evolution diagnosis and insights. The framework of the algorithm is specifically designed in order to facilitate insights about the evolution process. We use this technique in order to provide novel insights about bibliographic information networks.
Investigation of the Functional Role of Ca2+ in the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II: A pH-Dependence Study of the Substitution of Ca2+ by Sr2+

The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) is the catalytic site for the oxidation of water to O 2 in photosynthesis. The OEC consists of a tetranuclear manganese (Mn 4 ) cluster with calcium and chloride ions functioning as essential cofactors. Previous studies have shown that substitution of Ca 2 + in the OEC by various divalent and trivalent metal ions results in the loss of oxygen-evolution activity of PSII. Sr 2 + is the only ion that has been found to restore the oxygen-evolving activity in PSII. Although several models have been proposed for the mechanism of water oxidation in PSII, the functional role of Ca 2 + remains unclear. In order to test the proposal that Ca 2 + functions as a Lewis acid in water oxidation chemistry, the pH dependence of the oxygen-evolution activity of intact Ca 2 + -containing PSII and Sr 2 + -substituted PSII has been investigated. In both samples, the pH dependence exhibits a bell-shaped curve. Sr 2 + substitution shifts the peak of the curve to higher pH in comparison to Ca 2 + -containing PSII. The pH-dependent O 2 -evolving rates of these two samples are fit to a diprotic model in which protonation of an essential basic group at acidic pH inhibits activity (pKa 1 ) and deprotonation of an essential acidic group at higher pH inhibits activity (pKa2). Sr 2 + substitution has no effect on pKa2. This result suggests that the high pH inhibition may be on the electron-acceptor side of PSII. On the other hand, Sr 2 + substitution causes pKa 1 to be shifted to higher pH by 1.0 pH unit. This pH-shift indicates a direct role of Ca 2 + /Sr 2 + in the OEC. The functional role of Ca 2 + in oxygen evolution in PSII is discussed based on these results.
Electrophoretic mobility of natural particles and cultured organisms in freshwaters1

Electrophoretic mobility (EM) was measured on natural particles from 11 southeastern U.S. lakes and streams. The mobility decrcascd with increased conductivity, increased with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and increased with pH. EM was further measured in each water sample with pH adjusted over the pH range 3-10. In general, mobility increased with pH, but particles in hard waters were only slightly affected, while particles in soft waters with high DOC showed a sharper rise in EM due to increase of pH. The experiments were repeated with the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, and the bacterium Klebsiella sp. in filtered water from several of the sites. Cultured cells showed greater homeostasis of EM in the pH gradient than the natural particles, but cells in soft water with high DOC had greater mobility than those in hard water. The three species differed in their mobility: Microcystis consistently had the highest EM and Chlorella the lowest; Chlorella was neutral in the hard waters. Klebsiella was intermediate in EM. The results indicate that individual habitats and particle species may represent different challenges to liltcr feeders, based on particle surface chemistry. Surface chemistry of suspended particulate matter is an important topic in several areas of aquatic research, including particle and bulk material transport, biogeochemical cycling, phytoplankton suspension, bacterial adhesion, and zooplankton filter fecding. Mutual electrostatic repulsion causes stability and prolongs suspension of colloids (e.g. Stumm and Morgan 198 1). Particles can flocculate due to increases in salinity (e.g. Neihof and Loeb 1972), reducing transport of material and affecting biogeochem
Pathophysiology of Priapism: Dysregulatory Erection Physiology Thesis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: While a modest amount of medical literature has been written on the topic of priapism, reports heretofore have focused predominantly on diagnostic and management related aspects of the disorder, providing meager information in regard to its pathophysiology. Accordingly the intent of this review was to explore the etiological and pathogenic factors involved in priapism.Materials and Methods: The review entailed an overview of traditional and modern concepts that have been applied to the pathophysiology of priapism and an evaluation of assorted observational and experimental data relating to this field of study. The basic exercise consisted of a literature search using the National Library of Medicine PubMed Services, index referencing provided through the Historical Collection of the Institute of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University and a survey of abstract proceedings from national meetings relevant to priapism.Results: Insight into the pathophysiology of priapism was derived from a s...
Maternal Responsiveness in Mothers of Preterm Infants

Abstract This longitudinal study of maternal responsiveness included a sample 23 mothers of preterm infants. The mothers completed questionnaires at three intervals: 2 weeks postpartum, 2 weeks after the infant's discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, and 3 months postpartum. Factors that have a potential effect on maternal responsiveness including postpartum depression, social support, stressors, self-esteem, maternal well-being, and maternal attitude were also examined. There were no significant changes in these variables or in maternal responsiveness over time. Social support and self-esteem were found to have a significant positive relationship with maternal responsiveness. Stressors had a significant inverse relationship with maternal responsiveness. There were no significant relationships between maternal well-being, postpartum depression, and maternal attitude about being a mother and maternal responsiveness. The findings suggest that although maternal responsiveness may be stable over time, it may be associated with other characteristics of the mother that need to be assessed.
Thyroglobulin antibody resolution after total thyroidectomy for cancer.

Abstract Background Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) are produced by 10%–25% of thyroid cancer patients and interfere with thyroglobulin measurement, a marker of residual or recurrent cancer after surgery. Our purpose was to describe the TgAb resolution time course and the significance of persistent antibody elevation after thyroidectomy. Methods A database of 247 consecutive patients with TgAb measured preoperatively who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer between January 2007 and May 2013 was reviewed. Patients were stratified by TgAb status (positive or negative) and recurrence (defined as biopsy proven disease or unplanned second surgery). Survival and regression analysis was used to determine TgAb resolution time course. Log-rank was used to determine an association between persistent antibody elevation and recurrence. Results Of 247 patients (77% women, 23% men; mean 45.7 ± 1.0 y) with TgAb measured preoperatively, 34 (14%) were TgAb+ (≥20 IU/mL; mean 298.1 ± 99.2 IU/mL). Median time to TgAb resolution was 11.0 ± 2.3 mo, and the majority resolved by 32.4 mo. Regression analysis of patients with antibody resolution yielded an average decline of −11% IU/mL per month ± 2.2%. Disease-free survival was equivalent between TgAb-positive and TgAb-negative groups (P = 0.8). In 9 of 34 patients, antibodies had not resolved at the last follow-up and imaging could not identify recurrent disease. Conclusions TgAb are common in patients with thyroid cancer but resolve after treatment at approximately −11% IU/mL per month from preoperative levels with median resolution at 11.0 mo. Persistently elevated levels after thyroidectomy were not associated with disease recurrence in our series.
Diurnal variation and radiative influence of Martian water ice clouds

[1] We have identified regions in the Martian tropics with anomalously warm nighttime surface temperatures. The seasonal evolution of these anomalies is strongly correlated with the waxing and waning of the tropical cloud belt that is most prominent during Northern Hemisphere summer. We attribute the anomalies to enhanced downward infrared radiation from water ice clouds. The close agreement with spatial maps of atmospheric extinction derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter radiometry strongly supports this interpretation. We show that a Mars general circulation model simulation with radiatively active water ice clouds is able to reasonably match the observed spatial pattern and amplitude of the surface temperature anomaly. The nighttime clouds are most prominent in the Tharsis and Arabia regions and are thicker (optical depth ∼ 1) and more extensive than daytime clouds. Our cloud retrievals are the first to spatially map the nighttime clouds and provide an estimate of their thermal influence.
RELATIVE EFFECTS OF SPECIES COMPOSITION AND RICHNESS ON ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES IN PONDS

Biological diversity is complex and can be described and quantified in various ways. Research exploring the consequences of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning has generally focused on the effects of four components of biodiversity: species richness and composition, and functional group richness and composition. Most of the research to date has focused on biodiversity effects within single trophic levels. The aim of this study was to compare the relative effects of these four components of biological diversity across pond food webs using aquatic mesocosm experiments in which all four community properties were manipulated independently. Functional groups were defined in terms of trophic groups, and consisted of aquatic macrophytes, periphyton grazers, and invertebrate predators. Species composition and species richness were manipulated within functional groups. Ecosystem response variables included the final biomass of the manipulated taxa (macrophytes, grazers, and predators), ecosystem rates (productivity and decomposition), and trophic structure (phytoplankton and periphyton biomass). Results reveal strong effects of species composition on a significant proportion of ecosystem response variables. In contrast, species richness, functional group richness, and functional group composition altered the biomass of the manipulated taxa, but had no additional effects on other ecosystem variables. Results suggest that the roles of species in ecosystems, when considered in a food web context, are often the result of both direct and indirect effects that are difficult to predict based on the association of a species to a particular functional group. If a goal of biodiversity research is to predict the response of ecosystems to biodiversity loss, effects of composition and species losses across food webs must be fully integrated into biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research.
The behavioural treatment of verbal interaction skills following severe head injury: a single case study.

This study reports the improvement of verbal interaction skills in a 27-year-old severely head-injured male who presented with an inappropriate attention-seeking circumlocutory conversational style. The patient was baselined on verbal response to three differing question forms, and then treated using combined cognitive behavioural methods on a daily sessional basis. Treatment resulted in a significant clinical change out of sessions, whilst the overall in-session improvement proved significant at the 005 level. Follow-up at 2 months indicated that the trend of improvement had continued beyond the treatment period.
Distinguishing between Passive and Active Prosocial Coping: Bridging Inner-City Women's Mental Health and Aids Risk Behavior

We examined the coping strategies of 1339, mostly African American (n = 666) and European American (n = 626), single, inner-city women in a cross-sectional study. We expected, and found through cluster analysis, four coping strategies: active-prosocial, active-asocial, passive-prosocial, and passive-asocial. It was hypothesized that women who were both active and prosocial in their general coping strategy would also report the most favorable coping correlates in terms of a broad array of variables, including the stressors they experienced, their personal and social resources, their psychological distress, and their safer-sex behavior. Women who were passive and asocial were predicted to have the poorest outcomes on these same variables. Women who were either active and asocial or passive and prosocial were hypothesized to have intermediary outcomes compared with the first two groups. The findings supported the hypotheses. The results suggest that when active and prosocial coping are linked, they lead to a...
How home gets to school: Parental control strategies predict children's school readiness

At-risk families’ control style (autonomy support and coercive control) was examined in relation to children’s school readiness; children’s social skills and mastery motivation were hypothesized mediating variables. In two different, low-income samples from diverse ethnic backgrounds, one preschool sample recruited from Head Start (N = 199) and a school transition sample composed of children entering elementary school (N = 344), parental control styles were related to children’s academic readiness modestly but significantly in the preschool sample and weakly in the school transition sample. Children’s social skills and mastery motivation skills (persistence and goal orientation) were significantly related to the academic measures of school readiness, and fully mediated the association between parents’ use of coercive behavioral control and academic readiness. Such mediation could not be tested for parental support of children’s autonomy. The results indicate that a developmental cascade exists between parental control strategies and academic indices of school readiness, emphasizing the importance of family context models of school readiness. Furthermore, strong correlations between the domains of school readiness were found in both samples, reinforcing calls for a multidimensional approach to supporting school readiness in early childhood education programs.
Transplantation in Diabetic Kidney Failure Patients: Modalities, Outcomes, and Clinical Management

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and devastating disease, affecting up to 19.3 million Americans. It is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. Diabetic patients with ESRD have a high incidence of cardiovascular disease and death. For those kidney transplant patients with no history of DM prior to transplantation, the development of new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) also poses a serious threat to both graft and patient survival. Kidney transplantation is the best renal replacement option for diabetic ESRD and has the potential to halt the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Early referral for transplant evaluation is essential for pre-emptive or early kidney transplantation in this cohort of patients. In type 1 DM patients with ESRD, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) should be encouraged; and in patients facing prolonged waiting time for SPK transplantation but with an available living donor, living donor kidney transplantation followed by pancreas after kidney transplantation (PAK) is a suitable alternative. Islet transplantation in type 1 diabetics is deemed experimental by Medicare, and easy access to this modality remains restricted to qualified patients enrolled in clinical trials or with private insurance. The optimal management of kidney transplant patients with pre-existent DM or NODAT involves a multi-pronged approach consisting of pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention to address all potential cardiovascular risk factors such as glycemic and lipid control, blood pressure control, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Finally, re-transplantation should be recommended in suitable kidney transplant patients when the kidney allograft demonstrates continuous and progressive decline in function.
The construction of the C/D ring system present in the diterpenoid alkaloids atisine and garryfoline

One phase of any successful totally synthetic approach to the construction of the diterpenoid alkaloids atisine (l)l and garryfoline (2)1'2 must be the elaboration of the C/D bicyclic ring system. While a method for the construction of such ring systems would be premature without the availability of the necessary tetraor pentacyclic substrates on which it could be applied, the recent successes of Edwards3 and Shlmizu4 In this latter endeavor suggests the value of reporting a C/D ring system synthesis at this time.
Lesions of the C1 catecholaminergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla in rats using anti-DβH-saporin

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-containing neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are believed to play a role in cardiovascular regulation. To determine whether injection...
The Sustainabiliy of University-Industry Research Collaboration: An Assessment of Behavioral Outcomes

The concept of university-industry collaboration is an important social experiment in the nation's innovation system. This study examines the sustainability of this collaborative experience by focusing on the actual "give-and-take" outcomes between university faculty members and industrial firms. Based on two separate but siminar surveys conducted in 1997, one for faculty members and another for industry technology managers, the study reports that participants in research collaboration appear to realize significant benefits, some expected and others unexpected. The most signiftcant benefit realized by firms is an increased access to new university research and discoveries, and the most significant benefits by faculty members is complementing their own academic research by securing funds for graduate students and lab equipment, and by seeking insights into their own research. Reflecting on their collaborative experience, an overwhelming majority of these participants say that in the future they would expand or at least sustain the present level of collaboration.
Multiscale numerical methods for passive advection-diffusion in incompressible turbulent flow fields

We propose a seamless multiscale method which approximates the macroscopic behavior of the passive advection-diffusion equations with steady incompressible velocity fields with multi-spatial scales. The method uses decompositions of the velocity fields in the Fourier space, which are similar to the decomposition in large eddy simulations. It also uses a hierarchy of local domains with different resolutions as in multigrid methods. The effective diffusivity from finer scale is used for the next coarser level computation and this process is repeated up to the coarsest scale of interest. The grids are only in local domains whose sizes decrease depending on the resolution level so that the overall computational complexity increases linearly as the number of different resolution grids increases. The method captures interactions between finer and coarser scales but has to sacrifice some of interactions between different scales. The proposed method is numerically tested with 2D examples including a successful approximation to a continuous spectrum flow.
Uses of Multiple Characters in Online Games and Their Implications for Social Network Methods

In most sociotechnical systems, individuals are tracked through user accounts. This paper explores the various ways in which people create and use multiple user representations, specifically in online games. Using 8 years of population data from a popular multiplayer online game, EVE Online, we examine how multiple character creation and use occurs at scale and how operationalization of individuals between accounts and characters impacts methods. We suggest that conceptualizing participants in online games based on the assumption that one character equals one individual can lead to incorrect analyses regarding the demographics or behaviors of the population. Additionally, social network analysis suggests that a character-centric, rather than account-level, viewpoint can change the results of statistical relationships with network metrics such as eigenvector centrality.
Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of an Information Management and Notification System to Improve Aircraft State Awareness

Flight crew’s decision making has historically been one of the leading contributing and causal factors in aircraft accidents. In many accidents happened over the past decades, the flight crew was unaware of the aircraft state during hazard exposure and, hence, corrective actions were not taken in time. As the automation level continues to increase inside modern aircraft cockpit for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), flight crew may be even further removed from traditional flight duties and be required to focus more on system management and monitoring (i.e., pilot-on-the-loop) than system operating (i.e., pilot-in-the-loop). Without effective information management methods and architectures as well as alerting systems, the level of flight crew unawareness of the aircraft state may become an even more serious safety risk. A Flight Deck Information Management (FDIM) framework as well as a Multiple Hypothesis Prediction (MHP) method were previously proposed to address ineffective alerting and invalid source data issues and provide flight crew with improved aircraft state awareness. A Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) simulation study is conducted to evaluate the initial Information Management (IM) methods and notification strategies online and to collect data for both nominal and off-nominal flight runs. The HITL study uses a confederate pilot and a confederate air traffic controller to induce the off-nominal conditions and the MHP method is used to provide improved aircraft state awareness to the participants. Preliminary results of the HITL study are presented in this paper.
J19 Paving the way for a Promising PDE10 drug with an Enzyme Occupancy Study, A 28 Day Safety Study Assessing Corticostriatal Activity and a 6 Month Safety and Efficacy Study in HD Patients

There is no approved treatment providing multi-domain (motor, behaviour, cognition) symptomatic control in HD. Phosphodiesterase10A (PDE10A) is an emerging therapeutic target highly enriched in striatal medium spiny neurons. Its inhibition results in increased striatal levels of cGMP and cAMP leading to overall increased striatal activation and decreased behavioural activity. Preclinical findings obtained by CHDI in R6/2 and Q 175 transgenic mouse lines suggest that PDE10A inhibitor (PDE10i) treatment may lead to functional normalisation of affected brain circuitry and improve motor, cognitive and behaviour symptoms in HD patients. A 28 day study in HD patients is assessing safety and multi-symptom domain effects of PDE10Ai in HD patients. In addition to traditional clinical motor and cognitive measures, treatment effects are assessed using fMRI, behavioural tasks, quantitative motor tests and apathy, during this 28 day double-blind study with 20 mg bid PDE10Ai or placebo (n = 32, 1:1 ratio). 5 mg bid or placebo (2:1) may also be tested. Efficacy endpoints include change from baseline to Day 28 in percent BOLD signal change for reward related activity, Grip Strength Incentive Motivation task, resting state ASL, QMotor parameters, UHDRS Total Motor Score and Apathy. A PET enzyme occupancy study is enrolling up to 3 cohorts of 4 male HVs using radiotracer [18F]MNI-659. First cohort received 20 mg single dose. Measured%EO will guide next cohort dose (1 mg to 30 mg). Expected%EO (based on preclinical estimates) at 20 mg is ˜42–59%. A POC Phase 2 study in HD patients will randomise ˜260 patients to 5, 20mg PDE10i BID, or placebo (1:1:1 ratio) to assess efficacy of 26-week dosing on motor function (primary), chorea severity and overall clinical impression (secondaries). Pfizer’s HD program is designed to test safety, tolerability and efficacy in HD patients, determine clinical translatability of preclinical observations of rescued corticostriatal function, and provide confidence for continued clinical development of the compound for multi-domain symptomatic treatment of HD.
The Compilation of Pattern of Deployment of Health and Religious Damage Training in the Realm of the Youth Resurrection Belief (methods)

Pathology and vulnerability of religious training and the introduction of the sound points of these threats is a topic which in spite of the old existence of religion and religious damages proves novel and untouched. Not many studies and scientific research have been done on this topic. By pathology of religious training, we mean the recognition of threats, crises and challenges on the way of individuals' religious training. By the health and equality in religious training, we mean the recognition of religious concepts and criteria regardless of the said concepts and examples so that it would reveal what the positive results of the deployment of religious training are. Nowadays, due to the misunderstanding of religious concepts, they are prone to many threats and in case they are not investigated, they can pave the way for enormous problems. Resurrection belief is one of these concepts. The present study aims at the investigation of the threat and health of religious training in the realm of the youth resurrection belief emphasizing philosophical mentality and pattern designation with this regard. The research method is qualitative and as the concepts and the conditions alongside the description of the phenomenon have been dealt with, it can also be called a quantitative-qualitative one. For the designation and compilation of the pattern of the deployment of the health and threat of the religious training in the realm of the youth resurrection belief, many references including the researches and sources as well as the opinions of the experts have been utilized. For this reason, an interview was done with 20 experts of education and training and related specialties. Based on the data from the mentioned sources, the pattern of the deployment of the threat and health of religious training in the realm of the youth resurrection belief was developed and for its validity establishment, the opinion of 150 experts was exercised upon it. The pattern included some major elements including: the threat of religious training in the realm of the youth resurrection belief, the sound points of religious training in the youth resurrection belief, philosophical mentality, the threat and security of religious training in the realm of the youth resurrection belief, and the pattern validity. Among the many features of this pattern, we can have a reference to its empiricism, simplicity, novelty and its training viewpoint.
Effects of captopril on expression of calcineurin and NF-κB p65 in the heart of hypertensive rats

AIM:To study the effect of captopril on calcineurin and NF-κB p65 in the signal transduction pathway of the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats.METHODS:Using a animal model of hypertension induced by abdominal aortic banding,the rats were treated with captopril for 10 weeks.The blood pressure was observed with a tail cuff method.The heart weight and heart weight/body weight were measured.The expression of calcineurin and NF-κB p65 were studied by using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:After treated with captopril,the blood pressure of the model rats was decreased(P0.01),the heart weight or heart weight/body weight were also decreased(P0.01).The calcineurin and NF-κB p65 protein overexpression was down-regulated,NF-κB-positive area and area percentage were reduced in the heart of hypertensive rats(P0.01,P0.01).CONCLUSION:Captopril reverses the cardiovascular remodeling by affecting the overexpression of calcineurin and NF-κB p65 involved in the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats.
On the Countermeasure of Cluster Development of Technology Incubates

Business clusters have cluster effect,and technology business incubators have the characteristics of busi- ness cluster.However,most of the technology business incubators are not real business cluster.In this article,by analyzing the cluster characteristics of technology business incubators and the difficulty for its cluster development, the countermeasures of cluster development of technology incubates are put forward.
Descriptions of three new species of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the southeastern United States

Adult males and females of Trichomyia styloryncha sp. nov. and Australopericoma delta sp. nov., and all life stages of Threticus thelyceratus sp. nov. were collected during various biodiversity surveys in the southeastern United States. Descriptions of these three new species are given.
Determination of Gene Dosage

There are currently several screening methods for the detection of point mutations, such as single-stranded conformation polymorphism, heteroduplex analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and chemical cleavage. These are powerful tools for the identification of small sequence changes, but fail to detect heterozygous deletions or duplications of exons, genes or chromosomes. There are many genetic disorders where the primary defect is either owing to allelic deletions (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, alpha thalassemia, growth hormone deficiency, familial hypercholesterolemia, and so on) or duplications (Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, and so on). Furthermore, for the determination of the carrier state, for disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, the accurate determination of heterozygous deletions is essential. This chapter will describe two methods for the determination of gene dosage, using Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy as examples.
Diagnosis and treatment of acne.

(1955). Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 205-209.