cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two- and Three-Dimensional Bioengineered Human Intestinal Tissue Models for Cryptosporidium.

Conventional cell cultures utilizing transformed or immortalized cell lines or primary human epithelial cells have played a fundamental role in furthering our understanding of Cryptosporidium infection. However, they remain inadequate with respect to their inability to emulate in vivo conditions, support long-term growth, and complete the life cycle of the parasite. Previously, we developed a 3D silk scaffold-based model using transformed human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). This model supported C. parvum infection for up to 2 weeks and resulted in completion of the life cycle of the parasite. However, transformed IECs are not representative of primary human IEC.Human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) are cultures derived from crypts that contain Lgr5+ stem cells isolated from human biopsies or surgical intestinal tissues; these established multicellular cultures can be induced to differentiate into enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and tuft cells. HIEs better represent human intestinal structure and function than immortalized IEC lines. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of technologies to culture HIEs in vitro. When grown in a 3D matrix, HIEs provide a spatial organization resembling the native human intestinal epithelium. Additionally, they can be dissociated and grown as monolayers in tissue culture plates, permeable supports or silk scaffolds that enable mechanistic studies of pathogen infections. They can also be co-cultured with other human cells such as macrophages and myofibroblasts. The HIEs grown in these novel culture systems recapitulate the physiology, the 3D architecture, and functional diversity of native intestinal epithelium and provide a powerful and promising new tool to study Cryptosporidium-host cell interactions and screen for interventions ex vivo. In this chapter, we describe the 3D silk scaffold-based model using transformed IEC co-cultured with human intestinal myofibroblasts and 2D and 3D HIE-derived models of Cryptosporidium, also co-cultured with human intestinal myofibroblasts.
Consequences of Language Intensity and Compliance-Gaining Strategies in an Initial Heterosexual Encounter

ABSTRACT The effects of high and low language intensity and “expert” and “ingratiating” compliance-gaining strategies, sex of communicator and sex of subjects on judgments of communicator effectiveness and style were investigated. Each subject read one of eight versions of a hypothetical initial encounter between a male and female and subsequently judged the effectiveness of strategies and intensity level along a number of dimensions. Results indicated that the ingratiating strategy was judged as relatively likely to produce compliance; this strategy was also directly associated with perceptions of communicator friendliness. The expert strategy was associated directly with judgments of contentiousness and when employed by a male using high-intensity language it produced a judgment of relatively low competence in the case of female subjects. Male-female judgmental differences and similarities are discussed, and the superiority of the ingratiating strategy in compliance-gaining is discussed in light of previous research on ingratiation.
Global sensitivity analysis of KINEROS2 hydrologic model parameters representing green infrastructure using the STAR-VARS framework

Abstract The KINematic runoff and EROSion model (version 2; KINEROS2) provides an urban component that is capable of modeling urban hydrology including green infrastructure (GI) practices at various scales. The KINEROS2 model provides 15 parameters that can represent a variety of GI practices. The goal of this study is to understand the sensitivity of the KINEROS2 model outputs (infiltration, peak flow, runoff volume, and outflow hydrograph) to these 15 parameters, across seven different precipitation events, and at the watershed as well as the parcel scale. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was performed using the Variogram Analysis of Response Surfaces (VARS) framework to produce sensitivity metrics. Results from the time-aggregate GSA indicate that parameter sensitivities follow trends based on precipitation intensity and duration. Time-varying GSA indicate sensitivity of parameters to hyetograph shape, especially the duration to maximum precipitation intensity. The variation in sensitivity is influenced by the peaks and valleys in the precipitation hyetograph.
Critical Perspectives on Community Schools: Looking Across Cities to Gain Perspective:

As a field, school leadership has maintained a colorblind stance, marginalizing practitioners’ awareness of culturally sustaining practice, and erasing the experiences of Indigenous and other minor...
One Fish, Two Fish; Red Fish (or Green Fish?): Assisting Students With Color Vision Deficiency:

In this article, we discuss the ways in which psychology educators can assist students who have color vision deficiency (CVD). We outline basic information concerning CVD, offer tips for instructor...
Cultivating Culturally Relevant and Sustaining Pedagogy through Field Experiences: Discourses of Elementary Preservice Teachers of Color

This study uses Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism to examine how two preservice teachers of Color conceptualized and implemented culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogy (CR/SP) during their practic...
The prevalence of lower limb loss in children and associated costs of prosthetic devices: A national study of commercial insurance claims.

Background:Although the incidence of major pediatric lower limb loss secondary to either congenital deficiencies or acquired amputations is relatively low, the prevalence of lower limb loss among c...
Le Blon, Jacob Christoph 1667–1741

Jacob Christoph Le Blon was born on May 2, 1667, in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, a descendant of Huguenots fleeing France in 1576, who had settled there. His maternal grandmother was a daughter of the artist and engraver Matthaeus Merian the Elder (1593–1650). Showing an early interest in engraving and painting he had, sometime between 1696 and 1702, an extended stay in Rome where he is reported to have studied art under the painter and engraver Carlo Maratta (1625–1713).
Successful endoscopic resection of an unusually enlarged and pedunculated type I gastric carcinoid tumour

Three distinct gastric carcinoid (GC) tumour types have been described based on differing biological behaviour and prognoses. Type I GC tumours account for the vast majority (70%-80%), are associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and have a low metastatic potential. Type II carcinoid tumours are the least common (5%-10%), are related to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and occur in relation to multiple neoplasia type I. Sporadic type III tumours (15%-25%) are the most aggressive type, are unrelated to gastrin over secretion and carry the worst prognosis. In this case report, we present a patient with longstanding gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who presented with epigastric abdominal pain and tarry stools and was found to have a large gastric polyp on endoscopy. Despite current literature recommending surgical resection for larger GC tumours, endoscopic resection was successfully used to excise the tumour with pathology demonstrating complete resection with negative margins.
Towards a Reinforcement Learning-based Exploratory Search for Mashup Tag Recommendation

The rapid increase in the number of online mashups requires better management and organization to facilitate mashup discovery, selection and recommendation. Tagging is one of the widely known and efficient ways to better manage and organize web services. Existing tagging methods are typically manual and tedious processes. On the other hand, current automatic tagging methods are either not very effective in describing their associated mashups or omit vital keywords that would enrich the set of candidates for tag selection. This paper presents a reinforcement learning (RL) method to automatically recommend tags for mashups. Our proposed method carries out effective exploratory actions to automatically extract suitable combinations of tags for mashups, through word vector similarities. Using our proposed method in a RL setup, we carry out experiments in an online mashup platform and evaluate our method with a real-world dataset from ProgrammableWeb1. Our method shows improved performance compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
Neuronal Control of Monoamines in Brain and Melatonin-Forming Systems in the Pineal

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the role of specific neuronal elements in the control of monoamine biosynthesis in brain, as well as the participation of central and peripheral neurons in the regulation of methoxyindole biosynthesis in pineal parenchymal cells. In brain, the presence of monoamines can be shown to be the function of the integrity of a number of well defined neuronal systems. The medial forebrain bundle, a fiber system interconnecting the hypothalamus, the basal telencephalon, and the midbrain, is essential for the biosynthesis of the monoamines, noradrenaline and serotonin, in widespread areas of brain. The presence of dopamine in the neostriatum is a function of a nigrostriatal projection. The neurochemical consequences of lesions of the medial forebrain bundle are much more extensive than would be expected on the basis of anatomic considerations alone. The nigrostriatal tract is responsible for the presence of dopamine in the caudate nucleus. Destruction of these fiber systems results in a loss in central monoamines.
Range of Applicability and Bias Determination for Postclosure Criticality of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel

The purpose of this calculation report, Range of Applicability and Bias Determination for Postclosure Criticality of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel, is to validate the computational method used to perform postclosure criticality calculations. The validation process applies the criticality analysis methodology approach documented in Section 3.5 of the Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report. The application systems for this validation consist of waste packages containing transport, aging, and disposal canisters (TAD) loaded with commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) of varying assembly types, initial enrichments, and burnup values that are expected from the waste stream and of varying degree of internal component degradation that may occur over the 10,000-year regulatory time period. The criticality computational tool being evaluated is the general-purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code. The nuclear cross-section data distributed with MCNP 5.1.40 and used to model the various physical processes are based primarily on the Evaluated Nuclear Data File/B Version VI (ENDF/B-VI) library. Criticality calculation bias and bias uncertainty and lower bound tolerance limit (LBTL) functions for CSNF waste packages are determined based on the guidance in ANSI/ANS 8.1-1998 (Ref. 4) and ANSI/ANS 8.17-2004 (Ref. 5), as described in Section 3.5.3 of Ref. 1. The development of this reportmore » is consistent with Test Plan for: Range of Applicability and Bias Determination for Postclosure Criticality. This calculation report has been developed in support of licensing activities for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and the results of the calculation may be used in the criticality evaluation for CSNF waste packages based on a conceptual TAD canister.« less
Analysis and Applications of Steam-Water Flow in Wells

This work presents a simple yet accurate model for two-phase flow that is easily incorporated in a heat transfer model. The fluid flow model uses a single expression for liquid holdup, with flow-pattern-dependent values for flow parameter and rise velocity. To avoid abrupt changes in gradients at flow pattern boundaries, we use an empirically determined exponential function for smooth transition of parameter values between flow patterns. Frictional and kinetic heads, whose contribution to total pressure loss are small, are estimated using the homogeneous model.
Calcium deficiency in pregnancy and lactation

Abstract We shall attempt to draw no conclusions except that we feel there is a certain rather high percentage of pregnant and lactating women suffering from symptoms due to calcium deficiency, and that most of the symptoms can be very largely relieved by the proper administration of calcium and vitamin D; that calcium may help to prevent toxemia; and that this therapy may be used with perfect safety.
Paths Toward Negotiated Agreement in Terrorism Conflict: Illustrations from Four Cases

Government officials are never eager to negotiate with terrorist groups. In practice, though, they often decide to do so after a long terrorist campaign threatens their national security. Sometimes negotiated agreement is the result. What causes this development? Conflict ripeness, turning points and negotiation readiness explain conceptually how parties come to the table for talks. These ideas are represented respectively in frequency and severity of terrorist attacks and leadership change in affected governments and examined in four cases of long wars of terrorism conflict: Northern Ireland, Spain, Sri Lanka, and Israel-Palestine, to discover whether escalation or de-escalation processes-examined in a simple form - signal convergence toward negotiation, and if new leaders in office make a difference.
Hydrologic and water quality functions of a disturbed wetland in an agricultural setting.

: In 2006, we collected flow, sediment, and phosphorus (P) data at stream locations upstream and downstream of a small degraded wetland in south-central Wisconsin traversed by a stream draining a predominantly agricultural watershed. The amount of sediment that left the wetland in the two largest storms, which accounted for 96% of the exported sediment during the observation period, was twice the amount that entered the wetland, even though only 50% of the wetland had been inundated. This apparently anomalous result is due to erosion of sediment that had accumulated in the low-gradient channel and to the role of drainage ditches, which trapped sediment during the wetland-filling phase. In the case of total P, the inflow to the wetland approximately equaled the outflow, although the wetland sequestered 30% of the incoming dissolved reactive P. The discrepancy is almost certainly due to net export of sediment. Many wetlands in the glaciated midwestern United States are ditched and traversed by low-gradient channels draining predominantly agricultural areas, so the processes observed in this wetland are likely to be common in that region. Knowledge of this behavior presents opportunities to improve water quality in this and similar regions.
Chaos in Voice, From Modeling to Measurement

Summary Chaos has been observed in turbulence, chemical reactions, nonlinear circuits, the solar system, biological populations, and seems to be an essential aspect of most physical systems. Chaos may also be central to the interpretation of irregularity in voice disorders. This presentation will summarize the results from a series of our recent studies. These studies have demonstrated the prescence of chaos in computer models of vocal folds, experiments with excised larynges, and human voices. Methods based on nonlinear dynamics can be used to quantify chaos and irregularity in vocal fold vibration. Studies have suggested that disordered voices from laryngeal pathologies such as laryngeal paralysis, vocal polyps, and vocal nodules might exhibit chaotic behaviors. Conventional parameters, such as jitter and shimmer, may be unreliable for analysis of periodic and chaotic voice signals. Nonlinear dynamic methods, however, have differentiated between normal and pathological phonations and can describe the aperiodic or chaotic voice. Chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics can enchance our understanding and therefore our assessment of pathological phonation.
Influence of membrane potential on the sodium-dependent uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by presynaptic nerve terminals: experimental observations and theoretical considerations.

Sodium, potassium and veratridine were tested for their effects on the uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by pinched-off presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes). As noted by previous investigators, the uptake from media containing 1 μm GABA (“high-affinity” uptake) is markedly Na-dependent; the uptake averaged 65 pmoles/mg synaptosome protein × min, with [Na]0=145mm and [K]0=5mm, and declined by about 90% when the external Na concentration ([Na]0) was reduced to 13mm (Na replaced by Li). The relationship between [Na]0 and GABA uptake was sigmoid, suggesting that two or more Na+ ions may be required to activate the uptake of one GABA molecule. Thermodynamic considerations indicate that with a Na+/GABA stoichiometry of 2∶1, the Na electrochemical gradient, alone, could provide sufficient energy to maintain a maximum steady-state GABA gradient ([GABA]i/[GABA]0) of about 104 across the plasma membrane of GABA-nergic terminals.
Efficient emission from a europium complex containing dendron-substituted diketone ligands

A new europium (Eu) complex with dendron-substituted diketone ligands was synthesized and found to exhibit a photoluminescence efficiency of 45%. Double-layer light-emitting diodes based on polymer matrices doped with the Eu complex were fabricated. An electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 0.80% was achieved when a copolymer containing side-chain carbazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole groups was used as the matrix. The results are analyzed in the context of Forster energy transfer.
Flowfield survey over a 75 deg swept delta wing at an angle of attack of 20.5 deg

An experimental investigation of the flowfield over a 75 deg swept delta wing at an angle of attack of 20.5 deg has been conducted. The data include pitot pressure surveys and two types of flow visualization. Surface and flowfield visualization data were obtained at Reynolds number, Rn, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 million in increments of 0.25 million. Detailed pitot pressure surveys were made at five longitudinal stations at Rn = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 million in both the primary and secondary vortices. The results indicate that Reynolds number has only a minor effect on the global structure of the flowfield in the Reynolds number range that was investigated. The boundary layer transitions from laminar to turbulent at the trailing edge of the wing at Rn = 1.0 x 10 to the 6th, and the transition moves forward to x/L = 0.4 at Rn = 2.0 x 10 to the 6th. The positions of the primary vortex cores are insensitive to Reynolds number in this range; however, the lateral position of the secondary vortex core moves outboard aft of the region where the boundary layer transitions from laminar to turbulent.
Effect of anther orientation on microspore-callus production in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Barley anthers from cold pretreated spikes produced no or few calluses when plated with both loculi in contact with the medium (‘flat’). When anthers were plated with only one loculus in contact with the medium (‘up’), a high proportion of the anthers produced calluses. The top loculus of the ‘up’ anthers was most productive. ‘Flat’ anthers, when compared with ‘up’ anthers, were not only slower to produce multicellular pollen grains (MCPs) and microcalluses, but also produced fewer of them and ceased production earlier. The MCPs and microcalluses in ‘flat’ anthers grew more slowly and few developed beyond the 30 cell stage. These results establish the importance of anther orientation for barley anther culture.
Drama’s Potential for Deepening Young Children’s Understandings of Stories

The benefits of drama have been reported extensively in educational research literature; however, few studies provide an in-depth analysis of how drama is used in early childhood classroom instruction for readers who struggle with comprehension. The focus of this study is: How do young children build literary understanding through drama? This seven-month qualitative study took place in a rural elementary school and shows how 10 first-graders who had been identified for the school's reading support program were capable of demonstrating rich understandings of children's literature on multiple levels through drama.
Efficient combinational logic circuit design using polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting

Abstract An efficient technique for the design of multi-output optical combinational logic circuit using polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting is presented. An 8-to-3 line encoder designed using this technique is compared with that obtained using alternative algorithm.
Binding of protein to polystyrene in solid-phase immuno assays

Abstract The concentration and time dependence of the adsorption of protein to polystyrene tubes was studied under conditions used for the competitive radioimmunassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. The maximal adsorption of a 0.2 ml solution of rat albumin or rabbit IgG to a 12×x 75 mm polystyrene tube was about 5μg after 24h of incubation. Choosing 24h of incubation as an end point, 7% of the observed adsorption occured at 5 min at low protein concentrations (10 ng) while at high protein concentrations (5μg), 50% of the binding took place in 5 min. Using a rabbit anti-rat albumin system the amount of antigen bound to antibody under conditions similar to that used in a competitive binding assay increased during the 24h incubation period. The rate of saturation was greater with increasing concentration. At the highest concentration of albumin used, 50% saturation occured in 30 min. When the adsorption of IgG to polystyrene was studied using the ELISA assay of goat anti-human IgG, maximal immunochemical reactivity was found to be 2.25 h and this reactivity decreased with increasing incubation time. The reaction of the enzyme antibody conjugate with the adsorbed IgG was time dependent and the color yield increased with increased time of incubation of the conjugate. The binding characteristics of the competitive and ELISA techniques are different: the ELISA technique has an optimal time during which the adsorbed IgG is immunoreactive while the competitive assay approaches maximal binding in an asymptotic manner.
Interactions between dietary flavonoids apigenin or luteolin and chemotherapeutic drugs to potentiate anti-proliferative effect on human pancreatic cancer cells, in vitro

The objectives were to assess the potential of dietary flavonoids apigenin (Api) and luteolin (Lut) to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells and to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of action. Simultaneous treatment or pretreatment (0, 6, 24 and 42 h) of flavonoids and chemotherapeutic drugs at various concentrations (0-50 μM) were assessed using the MTS cell proliferation assay. Simultaneous treatment with either flavonoid (13, 25 or 50 μM) and chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 50 μM) or gemcitabine (Gem, 10 μM) for 60 h resulted in mostly less-than-additive effects (p<0.05). Pretreatment for 24h with 13 μM of either Api or Lut, followed by Gem for 36 h was optimal to inhibit cell proliferation. Pretreatment of cells with 11-19 μM of either flavonoid for 24h resulted in 59-73% growth inhibition when followed by Gem (10 μM, 36 h). Lut (15 μM, 24h) pretreatment followed by Gem (10 μM, 36 h), significantly decreased protein expression of nuclear GSK-3β and NF-κB p65 and increased pro-apoptotic cytosolic cytochrome c. Pretreatment of BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells with low concentrations of Api or Lut effectively aid in the anti-proliferative activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
On Some Association Measures in the Multivariate Normal Distribution

Abstract In this paper, we study two time-dependent association measures for the bivariate as well as the multivariate normal distribution. In the case of bivariate normal distribution, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the distribution to be right corner set increasing (RCSI). For the multivariate normal distribution, a sufficient condition, in terms of partial regression coefficients, for the distribution to be RCSI is obtained.The actual values of these measures are derived for the bivariate as well as the multivariate normal distribution. Some of the expressions are complex but are useful in reliability studies
Argumentation Vee diagrams (AVDs) enrich online discussions

With online Argumentation Vee Diagrams (AVDs), students compose arguments on both sides of a controversial issue and then develop integrated conclusion. In this study, Students used AVDs prior to composing discussion notes, and--at the end of each discussion--jointly created a group AVD. AVDs signficantly enhanced the number of arguments/counterarguments and compromises in students' discussion notes, and promoted opinion change. However, for AVDs to be effective, students also needed instruction on evaluating argument strength.
Implications on the Practice and Study of Kenneth Burke's Idea of a "Public Relations Counsel with a Heart"

Kenneth Burke presents his idea of “a public relations counsel with a heart” in Attitudes Toward History. This idea is a springboard to applying Burke's system to the symbolic action of public relations in practical ways. This paper takes a look at the philosophy behind Burke's idea and translates that philosophy into a practical methodology for public relations practitioners that relies on identification, terms for order and the pentad. This paper extends Burke's system by describing how to directly apply this philosophy and methodology explicitly to the practice (and teaching) ‐ the symbolic action ‐ of public relations.
An application of Lie superalgebras to affine Lie algebras

Abstract Let g be a finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebra and ĝ the associated affine Lie algebra. Let V be a finite dimensional irreducible g-module and X an integrable highest weight ĝ-module. We show that the tensor product of X with the space L(V) of loops in V is reducible if the highest weight of X is “large” compared with that of V. (This complements the result of a previous paper in which we showed that the tensor product is irreducible if the highest weight of X is “small” compared with that of V.) The proof makes use of a Lie superalgebra constructed from ĝ and V.
How can the internet help improve community-based pediatric ADHD care?

Pediatricians are the primary providers of care for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the US [1]. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has derived a set of consensus guidelines with recommended ADHD care practice behaviors for pediatricians [2–4]. According to the AAP guidelines, evidence-based ADHD care requires (1) the collection of parent and teacher rating scales to assess ADHD symptoms and impairment during the assessment process (AAP action statement #2); (2) an evaluation for comorbid conditions (AAP action statement #3); and (3) during treatment, the pediatrician should titrate medication quickly and then monitor medication response periodically thereafter optimally using objective reports of child behavior and side effects (AAP action statement #6). Research indicates either directly [5] or circumstantially [6,7] that adopting these AAP-recommended practice behaviors leads to better treatment outcomes for children with ADHD.
Technical and economical problems in the gasification of rice hulls. Physical and chemical properties.

Abstract Three laboratory scale gas producers scale gas produces were used to study the gasification properties of rice hulls. The gas producers have an energy output of 15–40 hp and two of them could be run in the downdraft, crossdraft and updraft mode. Several grate designs and combustion air injectors were tested. Physical properties of rice hulls important for the kinetics of gasification and not found in the literature were determined. The design and various modifications made on the gas producers to overcome the unsteady gas generation and the rice hull flow problems associated with the gasification of rice hulls will be reported in Part II. Part I of the report characterizes some of the technical and economical problems associated with the gasification of rice hulls in small-scale gas producers. The rice hulls were gasified in their natural as well as in pelletized form.
Asymmetry of Taxes and Subsidies in Regulating Stochastic Mishap

I. The model 140.—II. Marginal effects of taxes and subsidies, 142.—III. The role of risk preferences, 143.—IV. Relative effectiveness of taxes and subsidies, 145.—V. Conclusions, 147.
Interaction of a streptococcal cell wall tetraheteroglycan and salmonella telaviv lipopolysaccharide with polymeric McPC 870 and MOPC 384 mouse IgA myeloma proteins

Interactions of polymeric McPC 870 and MOPC 384 mouse IgA myeloma proteins with a streptococcal cell wall tetraheteroglycan (T4-antigen), Salmonella tranoroa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. telaviv LPS and its lipid A free polysaccharide were examined by the quantitative precipitin method. Hapten inhibition of myeloma protein precipitation by T4-antigen or S. telaviv LPS indicates a complex anticarbohydrate specificity for 870 and 384 protein combining sites involving several sugars. While the combining site of 870 protein appears to bind α-d-mannopyranosyl, α-d-galactopyranosyl and α-d-glucopyranosyl residues, the combining site of 384 protein can accommodate both the α(1→2)-linked glucobiose (kojibiose) and α-d-galactopyranosyl but not the α-d-mannopyranosyl structure.
Recovery of Deformed Polymers. I. Retraction of Cold‐Drawn Polycarbonate, Polyethylene, and Polypropylene

A study is reported of the similarities and differences in the cold drawing and annealing behavior of amorphous polycarbonate (PC) and semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The recovery data for all three polymers cover a range of temperature and initial strains. From these kinetic data, activation‐energy spectra characterizing the recovery process are derived using an analysis for processes distributed in activation energy. These spectra are centered about 22–24 kcal/mole for PC, 22 kcal/mole for PE, and 15 kcal/mole for PP, treating recovery in the temperature ranges 170°–150°C for PC, 70°–60°C for PE, and 90°–80°C for PP. The mean activation energies do not vary with the initial strain but seen to decrease with increasing recovery temperature.
Compositional effects on the Type I hot corrosion of β-NiAl alloys

Abstract Cast alloys of nominal compositions Ni-36Al, Ni-36Al-5Co, Ni-36Al-5Pt, Ni-36Al-5Co-5Pt, and Ni-36Al-5Cr (at.%) were tested under Type I (900 °C) hot corrosion conditions in order to determine the influence of various elements commonly found in diffusion aluminide coatings on the resistance to this mode of attack. Chromium was found to be the most effective element in conferring hot corrosion resistance, but improvements in performance were also found with the addition of Co and/or Pt. Experimental evidence is presented which suggests that each of these elements increase the hot corrosion resistance of β-NiAl alloys primarily by increasing their ability to rapidly form a thermally grown Al 2 O 3 scale and to heal this scale in the event of damage. Potential explanations for this enhanced scale formation and healing capability are discussed.
Effective poultry programming in the next century. Introduction

Abstract The symposium, coordinated by the PSA Extension Committee, is intended to stimulate productive discussions regarding the future, and component roles, of the land grant university system. To retain a strong infrastructure for our agricultural system, we must effectively meet challenges to the entire system, and recognize that the land grant university system has been, and will be, basic to the success of agriculture. Topics to be discussed include user fees for outreach and extension programs, balancing applied and basic research programs, and distance education opportunities. Many other topics are of great importance, such as recruitment, youth programs, the tenure system, personnel and program evaluation, and the capacity to inform the public regarding controversial issues. Societal changes have resulted in confusion between the role of stakeholders and shareholders in determining the proper focus of university programs. Although basic research is essential, it appears to many persons to be the idol of the land grant university system. Extension, applied research, and teaching programs are perceived to be a drag on such a system because little or no revenue is realized from this work. It is essential that we create respect and equality for research, teaching, extension, and youth programs, and recognize the importance of integrating all aspects of the land grant university system into aggressive and timely programs that address the needs of commodity and societal clientele.
Public Employee Unions, Reformism, and Black Employment in 1,200 American Cities:

This research was undertaken to examine the impact of political, economic, and institutional variables upon black employment outcomes in several hundred American cities. The results reveal that public employee unions exert a significant negative impact upon black job success in unreformed cities. However, public employee unions do not influence minority employment patterns in reformed communities. These findings strongly suggest that a critical reevaluation of the conventional wisdom regarding the policy effects of reformed institutions is called for.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Ambient Halogenated Compounds

(1976). Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Ambient Halogenated Compounds. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 141-143.
Photocontrol of ATPase Avtivity of Kinesin Kif18A using Various Existing Azoboenzene Derivatives

The shape and function of the mitotic spindle depends on the cooperation action of various kinesins. Recently, it was demonstrated that the kinesin Kif18A is a central component for the correct alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator. BTB-1 inhibits ATPase activity of kif18A but not of other mitotic kinesins. BTB-1 is a potent inhibitor for kinesin Kif18A. In mitosis cell, inhibition of Kif18A by BTB-1 occur disorder chromosome congression and cell lead to apotosis. In vitro, BTB-1 inhibits the motility of Kif18A in a reversible manner. BTB-1 inhibits Kif18A ATPase activity in an ATP competitive manner but microtubule. BTB-1 is composed of chloro group and the nitro group and the two aromatic rings. Azobenzen is one of the photochromic molecules that change their shapes and properities drastically upon ultra-violet (UV) and visible (VIS) light irradiation. Previously, we have incorporated azobenzen derivative into functional region of ATP driven motor protein and succeeded to control microtubule dependent ATPase activity reversibly by UV-VIS light irradiation. Interestingly, BTB-1 shows structural similarity to azobenzen derivatives. In this study, we examined photo-reversible inhibitory effects of various existing azobenzen derivatives for the ATPase activity of kif18A. Cis isomer of 4-aminoazoboenzene-4-sulfonic acid induced by UV irradiation inhibited ATPase activity of Kif18A more effectively than its trans isomer. Other azobenzen derivate were also examined.This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research(23650276)from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
The calculation of some isotope separation factors for chemical exchange, distillation, exchange distillation and absorption using UF6(g)☆

Abstract The reduced partition function of ( 238 UF 6 235 UF 6 ) g is calculated from the vibrational potential function of Claassen in good agreement with a previous calculation by Mayer and Bigeleisen. Implications of this calculation with respect to chemical exchange reactions of UF 6( g ) with complexes of UF 6 are discussed. The quantum mechanical theorem of corresponding states and the vibrational spectra of UF 6( g ) , UF 6( l ) and UF 6 dissolved in C 7 F 16 are used to calculate ln ( f c f g ) in the liquid and solution. These lead to lnα values for distillation and absorption of −4 × 10 −5 and +6 × 10 −6 respectively. 238 UF 6 is calculated to be more volatile than 235 UF 6 in agreement with experiment. The feasibility of separation of uranium isotopes by exchange chromatography is discussed.
Tweeting live shows: a content analysis of live-tweets from three entertainment programs

In this paper, we explored whether (and if so, how) live-tweets vary across different entertainment television programs in terms of the tweets' content. Using the 2013 Oscars, the Season 3 finale of Downton Abbey, and the 2014 Super Bowl as case studies, we collected over 200,000 live tweets sent during these three live entertainment programs and performed a content analysis of 4,400 of them. Results indicated that live-tweets, in general, reflect the features of the entertainment programs in many ways, suggesting that practitioners should incorporate more tailored social media strategies to better engage audiences. Theoretical implications and limitations were discussed in detail.
New System of Structural Health Monitoring

Monitoring of structures is an important challenge faced by researchers worldwide. This study developed a new structural health monitoring system which utilized the use of microprocessors, wireless communication, transducer, and cellular transmission that allows remote monitoring. The developed system will facilitate the monitoring process at any time and in any location with less human interference. The system is equipped with data processing subsystem which works on detection of structural behavior irregularity, defects, and potential failures. The system was tested using strain gages to measure the developed strains in different applications and structural models. The results developed using the new system showed that the generated readings from the system followed correctly the expected trend according to structural concepts. The developed system accomplished the desired features of lower cost, less power, reduced size, flexibility and easier implementation, remote accessing, early detection of problems, and simplified representation of the results.
Railplug Design Optimization to Improve Large-Bore Natural Gas Engine Performance

It is a very challenging problem to reliably ignite extremely lean mixtures, especially for the low speed, high load conditions of stationary large-bore natural gas engines. If these engines are to be used for the distributed power generation market, it will require operation with higher boost pressures and even leaner mixtures. Both place greater demands on the ignition system. The railplug is a very promising ignition system for lean burn natural gas engines with its high-energy deposition and high velocity plasma jet. High-speed photography was used to study the discharge process. A heat transfer model is proposed to aid the railplug design. A parameter study was performed both in a constant volume bomb and in an operating natural gas engine to improve and optimize the railplug designs. The engine test results show that the newly designed railplugs can ensure the ignition of very lean natural gas mixtures and extend the lean stability limit significantly. The new railplug designs also improve durability.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Superoxide dismutase protects cultured neurons against death by starvation.

Abstract Brief substrate deprivation resulted in high mortality of superior cervical ganglion neurons in culture, assayed 2 hr later by trypan blue exclusion. Involvement of superoxide anions was indicated by several observations. Survival was increased significantly by prior treatment that induced cells to take up superoxide dismutase. During starvation, neurons reduced nitroblue tetrazolium to form the blue precipitate formazan, and the color change was blocked in neurons preloaded with superoxide dismutase. The incidence of staining was comparable to the mortality. In many cells, brief starvation caused the appearance of fluorescence due to oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin to dichlorofluorescein, which indicates that oxidants were generated intracellularly. In some cells fluorescence was transient, as would be caused by membrane breakdown, and these cells were then shown to be dead. Superoxide generation caused by substrate deprivation may contribute importantly to cell damage in a variety of pathological conditions.
A Modified Fluorescent Lamp for Discreet Biometric Surveillance

A standard 48-inch two-bulb fluorescent lamp was modified to be used as a capacitive sensing system. The lamp sensor system demonstrated the ability to detect the presence and motion of human targets at ranges of up to 10 feet between the lamp and the closest edge of the target. Proof of concept was also demonstrated for metal detection by demonstrating the ability to differentiate between a human target and the same human target carrying conducting (metallic) objects. The lamp sensor shows potential for low-cost and widespread discreet security monitoring and biometric surveillance.
The Structural Context of Soviet Ethno-Nationalism

The Soviet Union today is experiencing a severe crisis, a crisis that involves not only its political and economic institutions but that calls into question the very definition of the country itself. The Soviet articles in this collection make an extremely useful contribution to our understanding of this crisis; if they are somewhat less persuasive in their proposals for addressing it, the reasons are altogether understandable in view of the scale and complexity of the problems involved.
A fine-structure map of the yeast l-asparaginase gene.

A fine-structure map containing 14 mutational sites in the yeast L-asparaginase gene has been constructed by using X-ray-stimulated mitotic reversion. From this map is deduced a minimum molecular weight of each L-asparaginase polypeptide monomer (8 200 to 10 000) and a minimum size of the yeast L-asparaginase gene (225–270 nucleotide pairs).
Correspondence between biochemical and antigenic activity of a 60 kilodalton oncofetal protein during carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis

Biochemical and immunochemical (ELISA) assays were used concurrently to monitor the rat plasma concentration of a recently identified 60 kDa oncofetal protein. Both the biochemical and antigenic activities increased and decreased in parallel during the growth and after surgical removal, respectively, of a solitary transplantable tumor. These activities also responded similarly in response to the specific induction of the 60 kDa factor in the rat by chemical carcinogens. The data indicate that both assays give similar results and provide further evidence for the specificity of the 60 kDa factor as a marker for carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Fluorescence modulation in anthracene by singlet exciton-trapped hole interaction

Abstract The fluorescence intensity in anthracene can be modulated by means of an external electric field. This effect has been interpreted as due to singlet exciton annihilation by a trapped hole.
Comparative Studies of Hemoperfusion Devices I. In Vitro Clearance Characteristics

Drug adsorption studies were carried out using three charcoal-based and one resin-based hemoperfusion devices. They were the Sandev Hemocol unit, the Gambro Adsorba 300C unit, the Becton-Dickinson Hemodetoxifier, and the Extracorporeal Medical Specialties XR-010 Hemoperfusion column, respectively. Clearance versus time tests of up to six hours duration were performed using solutions of sodium salicylate, sodium barbital, and creatinine in a pH 7.4 buffer which were pumped through the columns at flow rates of either 100 or 200 ml/minute. Short term clearance tests were performed at various other flow rates to determine overall mass transfer resistances for the devices. Further analysis yielded values for the individual fluid-phase and solid-phase resistances. Studies were also done using sodium salicylate in bovine blood. The results provide information on typical adsorption capacities and drug removal rates for the four devices, and indicate the relative extents to which the solid and fluid phases control...
Use of rituximab in the treatment of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: Singapore experience.

We performed a retrospective study of 10 patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab to determine the efficacy, safety and impact on hospitalization days. Patients received rituximab according to a standardized protocol, all achieved B-cell depletion with clinical improvement in nine patients. At 12 months, BILAG scores improved significantly from a median of 13.5 (range 3—20) at baseline to 1 (range 0—27) (p < 0.05). There was significant reduction in urinary total protein excretion with stabilization of renal function in patients with nephritis. Two out of three patients with thrombocytopenia had normalization of platelet counts. The median duration of B-cell depletion was 6 months (range 6—18). Two patients required retreatment and responded well. There were no adverse outcomes following rituximab therapy. Patients with lupus nephritis spent a median of 17.1 days per year (range 1.9—49) in hospital on conventional treatment which was reduced to 0 days (range 0—14.8, p =...
Mechanisms and effects of transepithelial polarization in the isolated semicircular canal

Previous studies have shown that galvanic stimulation of semicircular canal organs can modulate their afferent discharge. However, it has not been resolved whether this modulation derived from direct stimulation of hair cells, afferent nerve fibers, some combination of the two, or some as yet unknown path. This problem is addressed in the present study. Experiments were designed first to determine the gross current path necessary for the DC current to modulate afferent firing. These led to the conclusion that the current path had to flow between endolymph and perilymph across the neuroepithelium. Next, the various components in this established path were considered: the afferents, the hair cells, between the hair cells, or some combination of the three. These experiments led to the conclusion that the current pathway was across the hair cells causing transmitter release and thus affecting afferent activity.
Evaluation of semiconductor detectors for fission fragment energy measurements

Abstract A practical guide for the evaluation of silicon semiconductor detectors for fission fragment energy measurements is given. The evaluation is based on shape parameters associated with the pulse amplitude spectrum for 252Cf spontaneous fission fragments. Reasonable limits for these parameters are suggested and the significance of each is discussed. Measurements of similar parameters for the 235U thermal-neutron fission fragment pulse amplitude spectrum are reported. A method for computer determination of the spectrum parameters is outlined.
Stem cells catalyze cartilage formation by neonatal articular chondrocytes in 3D biomimetic hydrogels

Cartilage loss is a leading cause of disability among adults and effective therapy remains elusive. Neonatal chondrocytes (NChons) are an attractive allogeneic cell source for cartilage repair, but their clinical translation has been hindered by scarce donor availability. Here we examine the potential for catalyzing cartilage tissue formation using a minimal number of NChons by co-culturing them with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in 3D hydrogels. Using three different co-culture models, we demonstrated that the effects of co-culture on cartilage tissue formation are dependent on the intercellular distance and cell distribution in 3D. Unexpectedly, increasing ADSC ratio in mixed co-culture led to increased synergy between NChons and ADSCs, and resulted in the formation of large neocartilage nodules. This work raises the potential of utilizing stem cells to catalyze tissue formation by neonatal chondrocytes via paracrine signaling, and highlights the importance of controlling cell distribution in 3D matrices to achieve optimal synergy.