cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CYP2B6 IN HUMAN XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM

The cytochromes P450 (CYP) comprise a large multigene family of heme-thiolate proteins which are of considerable importance in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Over 500 CYP genes have...
GROWTH AND YIELD OF PINK SHRIMP (Penaeus duorarum BURKENROAD) IN A FEEDING EXPERIMENT IN PONDS1

A feeding experiment was conducted with pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad) in ponds at Turkey Point in southeast Florida during May-October 1972. Postlarval shrimp were stocked at two densities (75,000 and 150,000 per ha), and two foods (wheat bran and Central Soya Master Mix Catfish Developer 934) were tested. Two feeding levels (averaging 19 kg/ha/day and 12 kg/ha/day) were tested with wheat bran, but the catfish food was fed only at the higher level. Best shrimp growth was achieved at the lower stocking density with both foods. Shrimp stocked at 75,000 her ha and fed catfish food grew the fastest and attained an average weight (heads-on) near 8 g in 92 days. Only these were allowed to grow for another 64 days and reached an average weight of 12.5 g with 50% survival (from stocking). Survival ranged from 75–94% in shrimp harvested 90–92 days after stocking. With wheat bran, the largest average size attained in 92 days was near 6 g. Best yields of shrimp (heads-on) were obtained at the higher stocking density with both foods. The highest yield, 555 kg/ha, after 90 days was achieved with catfish food and at a stocking density of 150,000 per ha. Shrimp stocked at 75,000 per ha and grown on catfish food for 156 days yielded 472 kg/ha. The highest yield obtained in 91 days with wheat bran as food was 402 kg/ha. With wheat bran as food, better growth and better yield were obtained at the higher feeding level (averaging 19 kg/ha/day) than at the lower (averaging 12 kg/ha/day). Catfish food was fed only at the higher level.
Gene therapy for the regeneration of bone

Gene transfer technologies offer the prospect of enhancing bone regeneration by delivering osteogenic gene products locally to osseous defects. In most cases the gene product will be a protein, which will be synthesized endogenously within and around the lesion in a sustained fashion. It will have undergone authentic post-translational processing and lack the alterations that occur when recombinant proteins are synthesized in bioreactors and stored. Several different ex vivo and in vivo gene delivery strategies have been developed for this purpose, using viral and non-viral vectors. Proof of principle has been established in small animal models using a variety of different transgenes, including those encoding morphogens, growth factors, angiogenic factors, and transcription factors. A small number of studies demonstrate efficacy in large animal models. Developing these promising findings into clinical trials will be a long process, constrained by economic, regulatory and practical considerations. Nevertheless, the overall climate for gene therapy is improving, permitting optimism that applications in bone regeneration will eventually become available.
Endurance athletes: exploring the limits and beyond.

See doi:10.1016/S1095-668X(03)00282-3for the article to which this editorial refers Humans have always tried to push back the limits imposed by their physical characteristics. Competitive sports are in themselves a continuous struggle tosurpass these established limits. As physicians, we are frequently asked not only to identify and treat diseases, but to define what is and what is not healthy behaviour. The paper by Heidbuchel and co-workers poses a fundamental question to medical practitioners: what are the reasonable limits for the practice of sport? The general population has the perception that athletes are the healthiest members of society, since they are capable of such impressive physical performance. However, the cardiological community has been interested in the inherent risk of sport for many years. Although …
EFFECTS OF NONFLUENCIES ON SPEAKER'S CREDIBILITY IN NEWSCAST SETTINGS

80 subjects viewed or listened to either audiotaped or videotaped versions of a newscast in which the same announcer made varying numbers of speech errors. Ratings of the speaker's competence decre...
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF POLAR FLUIDS FROM A PERTURBED-DIPOLAR-HARD-SPHERE EQUATION OF STATE

Abstract Based on theoretical results for a system of hard spheres with dipoles, a new equation of state is applied to the correlation of thermodynamic properties for four fluids: argon, ammonia, water and acetonitrile. The reference system has the same dependence on density as that given by the Carnahan-Starling equation, but the coefficients are now functions of temperature through the reduced dipole moment. These coefficients are chosen to match the Pade approximant developed by Rushbrooke, Stell and Hoye for the Helmholtz energy of dipolar hard spheres. The reference system proposed here shows a phase transition for reduced dipole moments greater than 1.9. A simple, empirical perturbation term is added to the reference system to account for induction and dispersion forces. For polar fluids, the equation gives results significantly better than those obtained from conventional cubic equations of state, when using the same limited experimental data for determining equation-of-state parameters.
Shades of grey — the blurring view of innate and adaptive immunity

This special issue of Nature Reviews Immunology focuses on the types of lymphocyte that blur the traditional boundaries between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The development and functional properties of 'innate-like' B and T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are reviewed and the emerging understanding of newly discovered innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is considered.
Monetary policy and stock market dynamics across monetary regimes

Abstract This paper examines the dynamic linkages between monetary policy and the stock market during the three distinct monetary regimes of Burns, Volcker and Greenspan since the 1970s. Some major findings are the following. First, in the 1990s it appears that there was a disconnection between Federal Reserve actions (via the federal funds rate) and responses by the stock market. Second, the impact of inflation on the stock market did not surface as significant in the later parts of 1980s and the 1990s. And third, significant asymmetric effects of monetary policy on the stock markets were observed throughout each monetary regime but these were more pronounced during bear markets than bull markets. These results suggest that there was no consistent dynamic relationship between monetary policy and the stock market and that the nature of such dynamics was different in each of the three monetary regimes.
Effect of H2/CO ratio and temperature on methane selectivity in the synthesis of ethanol on Rh-based catalysts

Abstract The hydrogenation of CO to form ethanol is thermodynamically limited if methane is allowed as a reaction product. The literature confirms this – selectivity to ethanol versus methane is limited even on Rh-based catalysts, which are the most selective for ethanol. Although it might be anticipated that increasing H2/CO ratio would favor methane, the kinetic studies in the literature, and our results reported here, show that the point selectivity for ethanol ( S = r EtOH / r CH 4 ) actually increases with increasing H2/CO ratio on Rh-based catalysts. This may be attributed to the increased hydrogenation of the surface acetaldehyde intermediate to ethanol.
Memoryless feedback control in uncertain dynamic delay systems

A memoryless feedback controller is developed for a model reference control system which is linear, uncertain and has retarded arguments. The controller under certain assumptions guarantees that all solutions are uniformly bounded and also that the system trajectories are always attracted towards some stable hypersurface in the space, no matter what the uncertainties and initial conditions are. Along the hypersurface the motion of the trajectories are insensitive to system parameter variations.
A density-functional study of the interaction of nitrogen with ruthenium clusters

Abstract Recently, the synthesis of ammonia over ruthenium-based catalysts has become an industrially viable process. Unfortunately, investigations of ammonia synthesis over ruthenium are scarce, particularly in comparison to the number of studies carried out over iron. To begin to fill this void, we have performed a series of electronic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the effect of particle size and surface structure on ammonia synthesis over ruthenium. Our study has focused on the dissociative adsorption of dinitrogen, which is thought to be the rate-determining step in the synthesis, on both single-crystal surfaces and spherical clusters of ruthenium. The equilibrium adsorbate geometries were remarkably similar on both the single-crystal surfaces and the spherical clusters studied. The binding energy of dinitrogen in the end-on state exhibited a strong dependence on ruthenium surface atom coordination, being much stronger on atoms with low coordination. The main difference between the two single-crystal surfaces studied was the ability of the open Ru(1120) face to stabilize a low-energy side-on dinitrogen state, while the close-packed Ru(0001) face could not. It is likely that this stable side-on state provides a low-energy dissociation pathway.
Effect of acute tobacco smoke inhalation on the mechanical responses of isolated rat cardiac muscle

Abstract To evaluate the effects of acute inhalation of tobacco smoke upon the intrinsic properties of cardiac muscle, rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from 2R1 Kentucky reference cigarettes in special smoking chambers for periods of 10Min/hr for 5 hr. Animals were sacrificed, and the mechanical properties of isolated left ventricular papillary and columnar carneae preparations were studied. Mean COHb concentration of animals exposed to tobacco smoke was 13.2 ± 0.9 vol%. No significant difference was found in rats exposed to tobacco smoke when compared to shams in (1) cardiac chamber weight or chamber wet-to-dry weight ratios, (2) cardiac muscle performance in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution (95% O2, 5% CO2), (3) muscle performance during 60 min of hypoxia (95% N2, 5% CO2) followed by 30 min of reoxygenation, (4) muscle performance during graded hypoxia with and without glycolytic blockade (iodoacetic acid 10−4 m ), or (5) sensitivity of myocardial performance to isoproterenol. Thus, after acute exposure to tobacco smoke, no effects on the intrinsic mechanical properties of rat cardiac muscle were demonstrable.
Convection in continuous-flow electrophoresis

Abstract The various types of convection possible in an electrophoresis device are indicated and criteria are presented from which estimates can be made of the importance of convection in the separation. These criteria also indicate design options possible to suppress or reduce convection effects. Specific consideration is then given to the convection induced by Joule heating in a representative continuous-flow electrophoresis configuration. Detailed solutions for the associated velocity and temperature distributions are presented and it is shown how they are influenced by the buffer through-put, wall cooling, and electric field intensity. Significant distinction is pointed out between counter- and co-flow operation. With the latter mode it would appear that larger gap devices could be successfully run in a normal gravitational environment.
Pressure Dependence of Reflectivity of Se: Experimental Evidence for Large Local-Field Corrections

The pressure dependence of the reflectivity of trigonal and amorphous Se has been measured between 1.1 and 4.5 eV using a new technique. The results indicate that local-field corrections are large. Structure near 2 eV suggests a localized excitation in both the amorphous and the crystalline material.
Olfaction and sexual receptivity in the female golden hamster.

Abstract Apparently olfaction is not necessary for the appearance of female sexual receptivity in the golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ). Cycling females with olfactory bulb lesions or zinc sulfate induced anosmia showed normal levels of lordosis behavior in response to a male. Following copulation these females showed depressions in receptivity and increases in fighting behavior equivalent to those of control females. However, these postcopulatory depressions were not as great in females receiving the anesthetic barbituate, sodium methohexital. Also noted were disruptions in cyclicity in some bulbectomized females.
Lubrication Enhancement for UHMWPE Sliding Contacts through Surface Texturing

Considered a self-lubricating, abrasion-resistant biomaterial, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has become the most common acetabular cup material used in artificial hip joints. Artificial hip joints exist primarily in the boundary and mixed regimes, which can lead to premature failure due to surface wear, debris generation, and subsequent osteolysis. The tendency of failure due to the generation of wear debris has turned the hip problem into a complex tribological challenge with a focus on abrasion-resistant surfaces. Surface texturing in the form of microdimples has been shown in other applications to provide enhanced wear resistance through the trapping of wear debris and through the enhancement of fluid pressures to levels that promote mixed- to full-film lubrication even at low speeds. The objective of this investigation is to explore the potential for surface texturing of UHMWPE sliding contacts in enhancing the lubrication regimes present in total hip replacements. Surface textures...
The electronic structure of HeH+2

The electronic structure of the HeH+2 system consists of an intricate mixture of bound and repulsive states. As an initial step in a multidisciplinary study of this electronic structure a careful examination has been made of the effects of correlation on the ground-state potential energy surface. A first treatment of the triatomic excited states is also reported in terms of the vertical excitation spectrum near the equilibrium geometry found for the ground state. The latter treatment concentrates on the valence and first few Rydberg states; a more extensive treatment of the Rydberg states is left to a later article.
Patterns of immune, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular stress responses in asymptomatic HIV seropositive and seronegative men.

Immune, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular system responses to an evaluative speech stressor and a mirror tracing stressor were studied in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV- 1) seropositive and seronegative men. Because our previous work had shown abnormalities in adrenocortical response in HIV-1 seropositive individuals, we examined adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and Cortisol responses to the two behavioral challenges. Both ACTH and Cortisol rose significantly to the speech stressor in the HIV+and HIV groups. No increase in ACTH or Cortisol to the mirror tracing task was observed in either group. Both the preparation of the speech and the mirror tracing task elicited comparable increases in blood pressure in each serostatus group, although the blood pressure elevations were supported by different mechanisms (i.e., cardiac output increases during speech preparation and total peripheral resistance increases during mirror tracing). The behavioral challenges induced distinctly different patterns of changes in absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations and immune cellular function. The latency of the immune responses occurred prior to the increases in ACTH and Cortisol, but concomitant with the blood pressure and cardiovascularchanges. These findings suggest that trafficking patterns of the cellular immune response varied as a function of the stressor and were sympathetically mediated. In addition, differences between the HTV-1 seropositive and seronegative groups were observed in the total number of lymphocytes mobilized. and the CD4 and CD4/CD8 cellular responses to the behavioral challenges. Thus, although HIV-1 infection did not impact the acute cardiovascular responses, aspects of the immune response patterns were affected at an early stage of HIV spectrum disease. In contrast, the asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive men at rest exhibited reduced myocardial contractility and stroke volume relative to the seronegative men.
Opial type inequalities involving Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of two functions with applications

A large variety of very general but basic L"p([email protected][email protected]?~) form Opial type inequalities, [Z. Opial, Sur une inegalite, Ann. Polon. Math. 8 (1960) 29-32] is established involving Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives [G.A. Anastassiou, Opial type inequalities involving fractional derivatives of functions, Nonlinear Stud. 6 (2) (1999) 207-230; Virginia Kiryakova, Generalized Fractional Calculus and Applications, in: Pitman Research Notes in Math. Series, vol. 301, Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow; copublished in U.S.A with John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994; Kenneth Miller, B. Ross, An Introduction to the Fractional Calculus and Fractional Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1993; Keith Oldham, Jerome Spanier, The Fractional Calculus: Theory and Applications of Differentiation and Integration to Arbitrary Order, Dover Publications, New York, 2006] of two functions in different orders and powers. From the developed results derive several other concrete results of special interest. The sharpness of inequalities is established there. Finally applications of some of these special inequalities are given in establishing uniqueness of solution and in giving upper bounds to solutions of initial value fractional problems involving a very general system of two fractional differential equations. Also upper bounds to various Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of the solutions that are involved in the above systems are presented.
Superfluidity in thin 4He films adsorbed on graphite

Abstract We have used the torsional oscillator technique to study supefluidity in 4He films adsorbed on the basal plane of graphite for coverages between zero and seven atomic layers. The development of superfluidity in this system is significantly different from that observed on disordered substrates such as Mylar and porous glasses. The most unusual phenomenon is a reentrant superfluid phase in the second layer of adsorbed helium. Superfluidity appears at a coverage just above one and one-half layers and then disappears before the completion of the second layer. We observe superfluidity again just above second layer completion, but its evolution with increasing coverage continues to be unusual. Plateaus in the superfluid transition temperature and superfluid signal occur over parts of the third and fourth layers. A periodic structure appears in the measured superfluid mass through the completion of the seventh layer.
Migration of neuroblasts by perikaryal translocation: role of cellular elongation and axonal outgrowth in the acoustic nuclei of the chick embryo medulla.

The neuroblasts forming nucleus magnocellularis, the avian homologue of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus, migrate by growth and elongation of their leading processes and by perikaryal translocation through these processes from the matrix zone of the rhombic lip to the acoustico-vestibular anlage. Golgi methods were used on staged chick embryos to reconstruct the morphogenetic phases of migration and early differentiation in situ. Fluorescence labeling of the living cells in vitro elucidated the role of axonal growth in the migratory process. In situ, branching cochlear nerve fibers, tipped with growth cones, enter the acoustico-vestibular anlage at E4.5–5.5 before migration of the magnocellularis neuroblasts at E.5.5–6.5. The premigratory neuroblasts in the matrix zone of the rhombic lip resemble primitive epithelial cells, which extend branched, curving processes into a characteristic formation, the rhombic whorl. The leading process of the migrating magnocellularis neuroblasts gives rise to a bifurcating axon at the interface between the matrix and mantle zones. The lateral branch becomes the recurrent ipsilateral collateral; the medial branch crosses the midline, heading toward the contralateral target site in the region of the presumptive nucleus laminaris. The cell bodies of the migratory neuroblasts appear in intermediate locations along the migration route as they translocate radially through their leading processes past the axonal bifurcation and then tangentially and obliquely into the mantle zone. Neuroblasts destined for nucleus laminaris migrate coincidentally with magnocellularis neuroblasts. Nucleus angularis neuroblasts migrate later in development, after E6.5. In vitro, injections of a nontoxic fluorescent dye (diI) were made into explants of the medulla in the region of the contralateral target area at the time of neuroblast migration. DiI retrogradely labeled the cell bodies of premigratory magnocellularis neuroblasts in the matrix zone and of migratory neuroblasts in the mantle zone through their medial, crossing axonal branches. The morphology of the living neuroblasts in the explants resembled that in the Golgi impregnations at the corresponding stages of migration. Anterograde axonal transport also occurred. These results demonstrate migration by perikaryal translocation and early axon extension of a specific group of neuroblasts in the central nervous system. The morphology of the migrating neuroblasts is such that a simple radial arrangement of cellular guides, glial or otherwise, would not account for their configurations. The available evidence supports the proposition that cellular elongation and perikaryal translocation constitute the general mode of neuronal migration in the central nervous system. The early extension of axons into their target sites may play a critical role in migration and early development of specific types of neurons.
Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the tongue in the first decade of life.

Abstract A case of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a 4-year-old boy is presented. The diagnosis is supported by immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratins within the tumor cells. The authors believe this report represents the first case of “nonkeratinizing” spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the tongue in the first decade of life.
Evaluation of Fractional Cloudiness Parameterizations for Use in a Mesoscale Model

Abstract The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), developed at Colorado State University, was used to predict boundary-layer clouds and diagnose fractional cloudiness. The primary case study for this project occurred on 7 July 1987 off the coast of southern California. On this day, a transition in the type of boundary-layer cloud was observed from a clear area, to an area of small scattered cumulus, to an area of broken stratocumulus, and finally, to an area of solid stratocumulus. This case study occurred during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment field study. RAMS was configured as a nested-grid mesoscale model with a fine grid having 5-km horizontal grid spacing covering the transition area. Various fractional cloudiness schemes found in the literature were implemented into RAMS and tested against each other to determine which best represented observed conditions. The complexities of the parameterizations used to diagnose the fractional cloudi...
Immunohistochemical localization of the MHS‐5 antigen in principal cells of human seminal vesicle epithelium

The location of the antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody MHS-5 in the human reproductive tract was examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and indirect immunohistochemistry employing the strepavidin-biotin-complex method. Homogenates of male reproductive tract tissues and other human organs assayed by ELISA demonstrated immunoreactivity of the MHS-5 monoclonal antibody specifically with human seminal vesicle extracts. Varying ratios of seminal protein and monoclonal antibody ascites were tested to determine the amount of antigen necessary to completely absorb the antibody in the ELISA assay. This ratio was subsequently used to obtain the absorbed negative control for histochemical localization studies. By light microscope examination of seminal vesicle tissue in paraffin section, the MHS-5 antigen was localized in principal cells of the seminal vesicle epithelium. Epididymal sperm, obtained from patients at orchiectomy and vasovasostomy were found to lack the MHS-5 antigen. Following incubation with seminal protein or fluid obtained from the lumen of the human seminal vesicle, epididymal sperm reacted with the MHS-5 antibody on ELISA. These findings indicate that the MHS-5 antigen, a novel protein previously shown to be a unique marker for human semen, is a secretory product of the human seminal vesicle epithelium and may be reconstituted on the surface of epididymal spermatozoa.
New supersymmetric left-right gauge model: Higgs-boson structure and neutral-current analysis

If the particle content of a supersymmetric SU(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) gauge model is extended to include new quarks and leptons as given by the 27 representation of ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$, an unconventional left-right assignment is possible, resulting in a number of desirable features, one of which is a simpler Higgs-boson structure. Also, a conserved multiplicative quantum number can be defined as a generalization of the usual R parity in most models of supersymmetry. This prevents ${W}_{L}$-${W}_{R}$ mixing and makes possible a massless Dirac neutrino whose right-handed component is effectively inert. From neutral-current constraints based on present experimental data, lower bounds of about 180 and 210 GeV are obtained for the second W and Z bosons of this model, respectively.
Cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of Persea americana

Unripe avocado fruit (Persea americana) was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, as monitored via the brine shrimp lethality assay, to isolate three major bioactive constituents (1-3). Compounds 1-3 all have a 1,2,4-triol moiety and a long aliphatic chain that terminates as either an alkane, alkene, or alkyne, respectively; 1 is new, while 2 and 3 have been described previously but not as cytotoxic or pesticidal agents. All have activity against six human tumor cell lines in culture and show selectivity for human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells with 3 being nearly as potent as adriamycin. Also, when tested against yellow fever mosquito larva, 3 was more effective than rotenone, a natural botanical insecticide and positive control.
Effect of oral prednisone on the measurement ofplasma steroid concentrations by the competitive protein-binding radioassay

Plasma steroid concentrations were measured in asthmatic children before and after therapeutic administrationof prednisone or 6-methylprednisolone (Medrol). Before therapy, results of a competitive protein-binding radioassay were significantly lower than those obtained with a fluorometric method of analysis. After administration of prednisone, fluorometric assay revealed a consistent decrease in plasma steroid concentrations. However, the protein-binding method demonstrated marked increases in plasma steroid concentration which rose progressively as the prednisone dose increased. The plasma steroid concentrations reached peak levels within one hour after administration of prednisone and remained elevated for four to eight hours. Radioassay also revealed small increases in plasma steroid concentrations after administration of large doses of Medrol. The results strongly suggest that orally administered prednisone (and to a lesser extent Medrol) causes significant interference with the estimation of plasma cortisol concentrations by the competitive protein-binding method.
On multiple bridging faults

Multiple faults are typically detected by test sets for single faults. For bridging faults, we show that fault activation conditions are more difficult to create for certain multiple faults than for the single faults that comprise them. As a result, a test set for single bridging faults may leave significant percentages of detectable multiple faults undetected. We discuss three such cases, corresponding to three types of bridging faults, and present experimental results for one of them. As part of this study we consider the ability of a 10-detection test set for single stuck-at faults to detect multiple bridging faults of this type.
Retinal Vascular Changes in Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid

A review of fluorescein angiograms from 41 patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid showed that 11 patients (27%) had evidence of retinal vascular abnormalities. Abnormal retinal capillaries were found in eight cases, areas of capillary nonperfusion in seven cases, and microaneurysms in four cases. Lipid exudation, retinal neovascularization, and arteriovenous communication were noted in one case each. Histopathologic studies in eight cases showed extensive degeneration of the overlying retina in all eight cases and extension through Bruch's membrane by the tumor in four cases. Abnormal capillary architecture was demonstrated by trypsin digest preparations from four cases.
Global financial system reform: the Dodd‐Frank Act and the G20 agenda

Purpose – The Dodd‐Frank Act of 2010 is the keystone policy response directed at reforming US financial system activities and oversight in the wake of the 2007‐2009 financial crisis. The USA also has financial system reform policy commitments in the international arena, including in particular by virtue of its membership in the G20. The purpose of this paper is to consider US policy initiatives related to a core dimension of financial system reform: risks posed by systemically important financial institutions (“SIFIs”).Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a deta‘iled comparison of SIFI policy initiatives and timetables under both the Dodd‐Frank Act and the G20 agenda, as reflected in the ongoing work plan of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), and poses the question “Are US domestic and international financial system reform commitments in sync?”Findings – The study finds that, fundamentally, the answer is “yes.” However, the comparison yields two caveats with potential policy implications. Fi...
A computer interfaced dual-beam rapid scan stopped-flow system for the study of transients in enzyme reactions

An existing rapid scan stopped-flow apparatus was modified and interfaced to a PDP-8I Computer to permit study of changes in the spectra of substrates, transient intermediates, and products of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The data-acquisition software produces significant real time signal-to-noise enhancement and greatly reduced data storage requirements. The reaction of p-nitroso-N,N-dimethyl aniline and NADH catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was observed by scanning from 300 to 540 nm. It was possible from observation of a single reaction mixture to confirm previous reports [Dunn and Bernhard, Biochemistry10, 4569 (1971); Schack and Dunn, Abstracts 8th Meeting, Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. #303 (1972)] of two intermediates and to suggest yet a third in the process.
Comparison of two thermochemolytic methods for the analysis of lignin in decomposing gymnosperm wood: the CuO oxidation method and the method of thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)

Abstract Comparison of the new TMAH thermochemolysis procedure with the traditional CuO oxidation procedure for lignin characterization in gymnosperm wood and soil formed from degraded gymnosperm wood indicates that an excellent agreement exists between the two methods, especially with regard to the yield of lignin monomers. Moreover, the TMAH procedure appears to be more sensitive for calculation of benzenecarboxylic acid/benzaldehyde ( Ad Al ) ratios, displaying a larger dynamic range than that observed by CuO oxidation. If one considers the simplicity with which the TMAH procedure is carried out, this technique is much more suited to routine analyses of large numbers of samples.
Differing Tales of Two Patients after Receiving a Kidney Transplant from a Donor with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

In order to decrease the time on the deceased donor kidney wait list and to have more organs available, criteria for acceptable organs for transplant could be made less stringent. There are reports of successful recipient outcomes using kidney donors presenting with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We report a unique circumstance where two patients received kidneys from the same deceased donor who had DIC; one patient developed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) while the other did not. This difference in outcome may indicate that both donor and recipient factors contribute to the development of posttransplant TMA.
The behavior of o-nitrophenol on alkaline earth oxides

Abstract A study of the behavior of o -nitrophenol adsorbed on alkaline earth oxides has revealed displacements of the wavelength maxima in the visible diffuse reflectance spectra of the two component systems. The shifts, which are bathochromic in order of increasing size of cation, beryllium providing an exception, are interpreted in terms of polarization theory. Moisture contamination studies show enhancement of bathochromic shifts upon progressive elimination of adsorbed water molecules in competition with the phenol for active adsorbent sites.
Fault-induced wetland loss at Matagorda, Texas, USA: land cover changes from 1943 to 2008

Movement of growth faults, a type of normal fault which is formed during sedimentation and is characterized by having greater vertical thickness on the downthrown fault side, on barrier islands contributes to wetland losses. This study sought to quantify land cover changes in response to vertical fault movement on the East Matagorda Peninsula barrier feature, Texas, USA. A time series of aerial images was classified using automated unsupervised classification and hand digitization. After classification, total wetland losses on both the upthrown and downthrown sides of the fault were evaluated as a function of spatial distance from the fault plane. Results show that while wetland loss occurred on both sides of the fault, losses were far more extensive on the downthrown side. It was concluded that this vertical fault movement impacts wetland losses, especially on the downthrown side.
Hypothesis testing and focusing behavior during concept formation by amnesic Korsakoff patients

Abstract Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome were compared to brain-damaged and neurologically intact control subjects on visual discrimination tasks designed to evaluate hypothesis testing and focusing behavior. Results show that Korsakoffs can formulate and use hypotheses, but that their strategies are not leading to correct solution. Rather, they perseverate with one strategy even after indications of its inappropriateness. Furthermore, that this pattern of results occurs in the presence of memory aids, suggests that Korsakoffs may have impaired cognitive functioning independent of their retention deficits.
Women and cardiac rehabilitation: accessibility issues and policy recommendations.

The purpose of this study was to identify whether certain factors related to accessibility can predict women's participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This cross-sectional comparative study used a convenience sample of 370 women cardiac patients who were treated and discharged between April 1, 1995, and September 30, 1995. A self-report instrument and medical record reviews were used to collect data at five hospitals and four CR centers in three midsized cities in northeastern Ohio. Differences between participants and nonparticipants were examined on the groups of variables. Logistic regression showed women's participation in CR to be overwhelmingly determined by physician referral (odds ratio [OR] = 0.000), which was more likely to occur if the patient had CR insurance (OR = 0.73). The probability of compliance with a referral in women with CR insurance and no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) was .89; with no insurance and a history of CHD, the probability of participation was .37. Participation was associated with level of education, coronary artery bypass surgery, and available transportation. We recommend the promotion and encouragement of the use of Clinical Practice Guidelines by physicians, and lower cost and more accessible approaches to CR, such as contracting with managed care, home rehabilitation, and community-based programs.
No Gene Is an Island: The Flip-Flop Phenomenon

An increasing number of publications are replicating a previously reported disease-marker association but with the risk allele reversed from the previous report. Do such "flip-flop" associations confirm or refute the previous association findings? We hypothesized that these associations may indeed be confirmations but that multilocus effects and variation in interlocus correlations contribute to this flip-flop phenomenon. We used theoretical modeling to demonstrate that flip-flop associations can occur when the investigated variant is correlated, through interactive effects or linkage disequilibrium, with a causal variant at another locus, and we show how these findings could explain previous reports of flip-flop associations.
Effect of using polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in the synthesis of octahedral molecular sieves

Abstract Octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) have been reported as catalysts for oxidation reactions. Interest exists in improving the properties of these materials. Effects of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in the synthesis of OMS-2 have been studied. The structure of OMS-2 was kept when PVA or PVP were used as indicated by XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectra data. The use of PVA or PVP promoted an increase in surface area (measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and a decrease in particle size (measured by XRD). Besides increasing surface area and decreasing particle size of OMS-2, PVA and PVP were useful to improve the film hardness of OMS-2 samples applied on glass surfaces as measured by the pencil hardness test, and Knoop microhardness test. Film hardness is an important property for possible applications of OMS-2 materials in continuous flow reactor systems. By using PVA or PVP as non-chelating agents, an increase in surface area from 59 to 114 (m 2 /g), a decrease in particle size, from 29.8 to 12.1 nm, and a hardness value of 4H using the pencil hardness test, and 17.73 H K by Knoops micro hardness tests for OMS-2 prepared with PVA were observed.
ADRENAL ANDROGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MARKED ELEVATION OF PROLACTIN

SUMMARY It has been postulated, based on data in animals and the fact that the cortisol-adrenal androgen ratio is different before and after adrenarche, that prolactin (Prl) may modulate adrenal androgen secretion. As one way of testing this hypothesis, cortisol, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the sera of thirteen patients with suspected or proven pituitary tumours and marked chronic elevations of serum Prl (range 68–990 ng/ml, mean 198.9 ng/ml). Values for cortisol, A, DHA, and DHAS were not significantly different between the groups of normal controls and patients with elevated Prl concentrations. This is interpreted as negative evidence for the theoretical connection between Prl and adrenal androgen secretion.
The problematic practices of “feminism”: An interpretive and critical analysis

“Feminism”; is “constructed”; in several ways, some of which are internally conflicted and all of which produce coordination problems when a “feminist”; interacts with a “nonfeminist”; man or woman. Three commonly encountered types of interactions are identified: Sexist patterns; unwanted repetitive patterns; and asymmetrically coherent patterns. The “problematic”; for this study is to explain why these patterns recur and to critique them. Using concepts from the theory of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, we describe four of the ways in which “feminism”; is constructed, and show how these constructs lead to particular forms of interaction. This description goes beyond the knowledge of individual participants in the interaction, and thus provides a basis for critique.
Boresight gain enhancement of an UWB planar monopole antenna

Techniques for boresight gain enhancement of an UWB planar monopole antenna is presented. The squinting effect of the radiation pattern in the broadside direction at high frequencies is alleviated through the introduction of a gate-like structure in the ground plane. The boresight gain is further improved by adding a parasitic element above the main patch.
A local algorithm for dna sequence alignment with inversions

A dynamic programming algorithm to find all optimal alignments of DNA subsequences is described. The alignments use not only substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides but also inversions (reversed complements) of substrings of the sequences. The inversion alignments themselves contain substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides. We study the problem of alignment with non-intersecting inversions. To provide a computationally efficient algorithm we restrict candidate inversions to the K highest scoring inversions. An algorithm to find the J best non-intersecting alignments with inversions is also described. The new algorithm is applied to the regions of mitochondrial DNA of Drosophila yakuba and mouse coding for URF6 and cytochrome b and the inversion of the URF6 gene is found. The open problem of intersecting inversions is discussed.
Axiomatic approach for efficient healthcare system design and optimization

The one most serious issue in health care is that its costs are too high and rising too quickly while the quality of service is lagging behind. We view this is a consequence of complexity associated with current health care systems. We report the Axiomatic approach, which has been used to optimize many complex engineering systems, can be applied towards unravelling the complexity associated with a healthcare system and suggesting optimal design solutions. This paper presents cases of the Axiomatic approach in health care including the improvement of patient flow in emergency rooms and organizational design for a multi-campus mental health hospital.
n[over →] solitons in ^{3}He—B in the presence of crossed magnetic field and superflow

The $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons (i.e., the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ domain walls) in the presence of both magnetic field $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{H}}$ and superflow ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{s}$ with ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{s}\ensuremath{\perp}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{H}}$ are studied theoretically. In the high-field limit (e.g., kOe) and for ${v}_{s}g~{v}_{0}$(\ensuremath{\sim}0.1cm/sec), there appear three distinct types of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons. The spatial conformations as well as the domain-wall energies of these $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons are calculated. These $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons give rise to a series of satellite magnetic resonances. These resonance frequencies are determined theoretically.
Market power and cost efficiency: the case of the US aluminum industry

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to construct and empirically test a model designed to determine the link between market concentration and price with separate effects of market-power and cost-efficiency in change of industrial concentration. The analysis is conducted within the context of a single oligopoly, specifically, the US primary aluminum industry. Using time-series data, the model indicates that both market-power and cost-efficiency effects are significant resulting in unwavering prices despite diminishing market concentration in the industry throughout the sample period.
Ion beam mixing at nickel‐silicon interfaces

Ion‐beam mixing at Ni‐Si interfaces was studied as a function of dose, temperature, and dose rate. In the temperature range 10–443 K, the thickness of the mixed Ni‐Si layer grew proportionally to the square root of dose for 250‐keV Ar+ and 280‐keV Kr+ irradiations. The apparent diffusion coefficient for mixing during irradiation comprises temperature‐dependent and independent contributions. The activation enthalpy for the temperature‐dependent part is ∼0.09 eV. Varying the dose rate by a factor of ∼20 had little effect upon mixing at either 80 or 368 K. Analysis of these results using chemical rate theory showed that the low activation enthalpy for diffusion was not associated with point‐defect motion. More likely the temperature dependence of mixing in Ni‐Si is associated with the effect of temperature on compound formation. The results for mixing at 10 K in Ni‐Si were compared with those in Ni‐Al, at 10 K, to study the effect of crystal structure on displacement mixing.
Measurement of third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility using four-wave mixing in a single-mode ridge waveguide.

Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a single-mode ridge waveguide has been demonstrated as a technique for simultaneous measurement of the imaginary component and the absolute magnitude of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3). In the same experimenal apparatus, Im χ(3)(ω2 = ω1 + ω2 − ω1) was obtained by measuring the pump-induced probe power loss and |χ(3)(ω3 = ω1 + ω1 − ω2)| was derived from Stokes wave generation efficiency. The ratio of these quantities was obtained without significant system uncertainties. The technique has been applied to AlGaAs/GaAs quantum-well waveguides with picosecond laser pulses. For ħω1 ≈ ħω2 ≈ 1.43 eV, it was found that Im χ(3) = (6.1 ± 0.5) × 10−11 esu, |χ(3)| = (7.6 ± 1.7) × 10−11 esu with a system uncertainty of 25%, and Im χ(3)/|χ(3)| = 0.8 ± 31%, indicating the dominance of two-photon absorption.
REALIZATION OF AN ALL-OPTICAL TRIODE AND DIODE WITH A TWO-LEVEL-ATOM-LOADED DIFFRACTION GRATING

A finite-difference time-domain full-wave vector Maxwell equation solver is coupled with a two-level-atom model to simulate the scattering of an ultrafast pulsed Gaussian beam from a finite-length, metallic lamellar grating loaded with two-level atoms. The atomic medium is taken to be resonant at or near the frequency of the incident optical radiation. The highly resonant material and grating behaviors are then combined to realize an all-optical triode at low powers and an all-optical diode at high powers. Simulation results demonstrate the operating characteristics of these triode and diode configurations.
TrappingDendroctonus brevicomis Changes in attractant release rate, dispersion of attractant, and silhouette.

A sticky trap with 3 m2 surface area was modified by changes in attractant release rate, vertical dispersion of the attractant, and addition of a tree trunk silhouette to the trap axis. As attractant release rate increased, the number ofDendroctonus brevicomis caught at the source of attractant and at 1.5 and 5.2 m above ground on two vertical silhouettes 4.5 m away increased. In one experiment, more beetles were caught at a dispersed source of attractant than at a point source. Fewer beetles were caught at the lower traps on the two outlying silhouettes when a silhouette was at the source, than when no silhouette was at the source. As attractant release rate increased, the catch of a predator,Temnochila chlorodia, increased at the source.