cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between egg size and fertilization success in broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates

Egg size is a critical life-history trait because it can profoundly influence offspring fitness and the number of offspring that can be produced. Recently, interest has grown in how egg size influences fertilization rate and in turn how sperm availability might influence the evolution of egg size among broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates. In this article I review the empirical evidence on the ways in which egg size and egg accessory structures influence fertilization and theoretical models of the ways sperm availability might influence the evolution of egg size. Evidence suggests that egg size does influence the collision frequency with sperm, and models suggest that sperm availability can influence selection on egg size. Sperm availability appears to be one of the several factors that influence optimal egg size in broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates.
A POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE CONSUMER

This article examines the relationship between the consumer and the citizen from the eighteenth century to the present in Europe and the United States. Part I highlights the political narrative underlying the opposition between courtly consumption (absolutism) and the inconspicuous consumption of the middling sorts, and explores early formulations of the relationship between consumption and democracy. Part II looks at the first half of the nineteenth century, defined by the opposition between consumers (coded feminine, and as ‘despised’) and citizens (coded masculine, and as ‘restrained’). Part III goes from the 1860s to the 1930s. American historians have emphasized the positive political agency of consumers in this period, and their contribution to the notion of social citizenship. This article emphasizes the less democratic aspects of consumer politics, and the contributions of anti-liberal movements on the extreme left and right to a stronger tradition of social citizenship in Europe. Part IV takes Lizabeth Cohen's claim that a ‘Consumers' Republic' was forged in the US in the post-war period, and casts the Marshall Plan and the Cold War as the context that gave rise to an international negotiation over the relationship between consumption and democracy that continues to the present.
Who is Worthy of the Producers' Deduction for Production Under Contract?

In this report, Professor Seago analyzes the provisions of Notice 2005-14 that would be applied to determine who is the producer for section 199 purposes, when the property is produced under contract. He concludes that the benefits and burdens test in the notice (which was developed for excise tax purposes) are not well suited to section 199. A rule that permits someone other than the physical producer of the property to be deemed the producer invites the parties to manipulate contract terms to obtain maximum joint benefits from the deduction, he concludes. Professor Seago also discusses whether a taxpayer that improves its customer's property would be permitted to take the section 199 deduction.
Institutions that Build and that Bind: Incumbent Strategies in the Battle over Renewable Energy

Economic markets are embedded in a broader social context, shaping firm behavior and increasing the importance of relationships with nonmarket actors, such as civil society and the state. Firms’ st...
An accelerated thermal aging platform to monitor fault precursor on-state resistance

Thermal cycling is one of the main techniques to accelerate the package related failure progress. In this paper, a custom designed accelerated ageing platform that can expose multiple discrete power MOSFETs to thermal stress simultaneously, is introduced. Active heating, without using external loads, is used to increase the junction temperatures of the devices from a single current source, where temperature swing for each device can be controlled independently. The issues during the measurements such as high off-state drain- to-source voltage, and transients during turning on instants are addressed. The variation of the on-state resistance is identified as the failure precursor. It is observed that on-state resistance increases by 10%–17% of its initial value before it completely fails. Based on the collected field data, an exponential degradation model that fits successfully with the experimental data is developed.
What Does “Less Than or Equal“ Really Mean?

The Cantor–Bernstein theorem is often stated as ‘a ≤ b and b ≤ a imply a = b’ for cardinalities. This suggestive form of the theorem may lead to a trap, into which many early 20th century mathemati...
Combination of integrin-binding peptide and growth factor promotes cell adhesion on electron-beam-fabricated patterns.

Understanding and controlling cell adhesion on engineered scaffolds is important in biomaterials and tissue engineering. In this report we used an electron-beam (e-beam) lithography technique to fabricate patterns of a cell adhesive integrin ligand combined with a growth factor. Specifically, micron-sized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with aminooxy- and styrene sulfonate-functional groups were fabricated. Cell adhesion moieties were introduced using a ketone-functionalized arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to modify the O-hydroxylamines by oxime bond formation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was immobilized by electrostatic interaction with the sulfonate groups. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) formed focal adhesion complexes on RGD- and RGD and bFGF-immobilized patterns as shown by immunostaining of vinculin and actin. In the presence of both bFGF and RGD, cell areas were larger. The data demonstrate confinement of cellular focal adhesions to chemically and physic...
Multimode Control of Flexible Structures Using Saturation

We propose a new strategy for controlling the response of distributed-p arameter systems subjected to multifrequenc y resonant excitations. The technique exploits the saturation phenomenon exhibited by multidegree-of-freedom systems coupled with quadratic nonlinearities and possessing two-to-one autoparametric resonances. The strategy consists of introducing a series of second-order circuits and coupling them with the plant through an actuator and a quadratic feedback control law. Once the plant is forced near its resonances, the responses of the excited modes saturate and the oscillatory energy is channeled into the circuits. We consider the problem of suppressing the oscillations of a flexible cantilever beam where the actuation is provided by piezoceramic patches, and the feedback signal is generated by a strain gauge attached to the beam. We present theoretical and experimental results of the application of the control strategy. First, the equations of motion are developed and analyzed through perturbation techniques. Second, the strategy is tested by regulating the response of a cantilever beam that is subjected to two simultaneous resonant excitations.
Enhanced solubilization and intestinal absorption of cholesterol by oxidized linoleic acid

Solubilization of cholesterol in the intestinal lumen by bile acids and the subsequent formation of mixed micelles is an important step in the absorption of cholesterol. We propose that oxidized fatty acids (ox-FA) may mimic bile acids and form mixed micelles with cholesterol much more efficiently, as compared with unoxidized fatty acids, thereby increasing there absorption. In an in vitro assay at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM, oxidized linoleic acid (ox-18:2) increased the solubilization of cholesterol (3.06, 8.16, and 15.46 nmol/ml) in a dose dependent manner compared with a 10 mM unoxidized linoleic acid (unox-18:2 at 0.97 nmol/ml). The uptake of cholesterol solubilized in the presence of ox-18:2 by Caco-2 cells and everted rat intestinal sacs was greater (1.78 and 1.95 nmol/ml respectively) as compared with the cholesterol solubilized in the presence of unox-18:2 (0.29 and 0.61 nmol/ml; P = 0.05). In addition, when LDL receptor deficient mice were fed a high fat diet along with ox-18:2 their plasma cholesterol levels were greater than animals fed the high fat diet alone (1290 mg/dl vs. 1549 mg/dl, P = 0.013). From these results, we suggest that ox-FA, by enhancing the solubilization of luminal cholesterol, increases the uptake of cholesterol that might lead to hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Tuberculosis prevention plan in Linan city:evaluation of the ten years'work

Objective To evaluate the implementation of Tuberculosis Control Program of Linan city from 2001 to 2010 so as to provide basis for developing Tuberculosis control Program of Linan city from 2011 to 2015.Methods Based on final assessment plan of National Tuberculosis Control Program from 2001 to 2010 made by Ministry of Health and final assessment plan of Tuberculosis Control Program from 2001 to 2010 made by Zhejiang province,self assessment was made together with spot check and review in the way of on-the-spot investigation.Results The coverage of modern tuberculosis control strategy(DOTS) was 100%.The detection rate of smear-positive TB patients were 1317,with a completion rate of 109.8%.Tuberculosis,suspected tuberculosis referral rate was 96.25% of total in place,and the supervision coverage of infectious tuberculosis treatment was 100%,with a cure rate of 90.51%.Conclusion A sustainable,effective mechanism of preventing and controlling tuberculosis has been set up,which realizes the overall objective of Tuberculosis Control Programme Linan city from 2001 to 2010,yet there still exist some problems and difficulties to be solved in future work.
Transnational Legal Ordering and Access to Medicines

The politics of pharmaceutical patent protection increasingly involves the interaction of different transnational legal orders (TLOs). Two of these, a TLO focused on trade and intellectual property protection and a TLO focused on the human right to health, have interacted to frame and shape countries’ approaches to intellectual property protection. These rival transnational legal orders involve recursive interaction between legal norm-making and implementation at the international and national levels. This chapter argues that understanding the operation and interaction of these TLOs provides an important framework for countries to develop strategies to navigate among the multiple pressures placed upon them.
Gingkolide may prevent ovarian cancer through the platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) pathway.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A106 In our previous epidemiologic and in vitro cancer cell studies, we identified Ginkgo Biloba as a potential chemo-preventive agent for non-mucinous types of ovarian cancer and found that its components, Gingkolide A and B, decrease ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Seeking a further basis for biological action, we found that Ginkgolide B is a well-known natural inhibitor of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)−a potent proinflammatory phospholipid. PAF and its receptor (PAFR) enhance the expression of oncogenes and increase the growth of several tumor cell lines. In this study, our goal was to define the biological relevance of PAF and PAF Receptor (PAFR) in ovarian cancer and confirm its potential as a target for prevention or treatment. By Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, we evaluated mRNA and protein expression levelsof PAFR in 21 ovarian cell lines established in our lab. Normal ovarian epithelial cells had extremely low expression (<300-600 times) compared to the ovarian carcinoma cell lines. A high PAFR-expressive cell line, OVCA 429, and low expressive-cell lines, HOSE and RMUG-L, were treated with PAF (1pM-1µM). PAF significantly increased the proliferation of OVCA 429 between 40-80% after 72 hours of incubation, which was reversed by the administration of Gingkolide B. Gingkolide B did not affect the growthof HOSE and RMUG-L, which lack PAFR, indicating the specificityof the observed effect. Additionally, we performed a tissue array-based immunohistochemical staining in a total of 242 samples for PAFR protein expression. Comparing benigns to other histological types, the overall ANOVA was F=44.7, p<0.0001. Of note, PAFR staining intensity was generally stronger in clear cell carcinomas, strong in high grade serous, intermediate in endometrioid and weak in borderline serous carcinomas. There was not a significant difference between benigns and mucinous cancers, were staining was barely detectable. This differential protein expression pattern was tightly correlated to the gene expression pattern observed in ovarian cancer tissue specimens by qRT-PCR. The present data revealed that PAFR, to which Gingkolide B is a natural inhibitor, is over expressed in certain ovarian cancer cell lines and in the different histological types of ovarian cancer tissue, except in mucinous types compared to normals and benigns. Additionally high PAFR expressive cells respond to PAF by increasing their proliferation and the natural compound Gingkolide B inhibits this effect. This data provides a basis for further study of the role of PAF and PAFR in ovarian cancer and Gingkolide B as a potential chemo preventive or therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
Pathway for recovery of photo-degraded polymer solar cells by post degradation thermal anneal

Abstract The photo-degradation of polymer solar cells is a critical challenge preventing its commercial deployment. We experimentally fabricate organic solar cells and characterize their degradation under solar simulators in an environmental chamber under nitrogen flow, without exposure to oxygen and moisture. We have developed a thermally stable inverted organic solar cell architecture in which light induced degradation of device characteristics can be reversibly annealed to the pristine values. The stable inverted cells utilized MoO x layers that are thermally treated immediately after their deposition on the organic layer, and before metal cathode deposition. Organic solar cells that are photo-degraded in the presence of oxygen, however show irreversible degradation that cannot be thermally recovered. The decrease of organic solar cell characteristics correlates with increases in mid-gap electronic states, measured using capacitance spectroscopy and dark current. It is likely the photo-induced defect states caused by local H motion from the alkyl chains to the aromatic backbone, can be reversibly annealed at elevated temperatures after photo-degradation. Our results provide a pathway for improving the stability of organic photovoltaics.
CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and outcome differences for African Americans (AA) and Caucasians (C) treated with FOLFOX4 or the combination with bevacizumab (B) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): Results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study E3200.

3605 Background: The relationship between race and poorer clinical outcomes with systemic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is uncertain. CIMP High has been associated with...
Marshallian Sources of Relatedness, Technological Capabilities and Firm Productivity in China

This paper investigates the relationship between technological relatedness and firm productivity and the role of firms’ own technological capabilities in moderating that relationship. Importantly, proxies for the Marshallian sources of relatedness – input-output linkages, labour pooling, and knowledge spillovers – are developed to better reveal the mechanisms driving relatedness. As an identification strategy, matching techniques are combined with a difference-in-differences strategy to study the impact of technological relatedness (and its sources) on firm productivity following more intense state-enterprise reforms. The results reveal that overall relatedness, and each respective marshallian source, boosts firm productivity. Although the firm’s absorptive capacity and ownership structure matters, particularly in areas following more intense state enterprise reforms.
Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)

Technological innovations in robotic-assisted surgery have allowed complex resections and anastomotic reconstructions. We present the selection criteria, technical description, and preliminary outcomes of robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RAPD). RAPD is offered to patients with low-predicted risk of a non-R0 outcome, based on tumor diameter, endoscopic ultrasound, and CT evidence of vascular involvement. Early outcomes of RAPD are comparable to laparoscopic and open approaches, bringing the well-recognized advantages of minimally invasive surgery to major pancreatic resections.
Dimensions of physical punishment and their associations with children's cognitive performance and school adjustment

This study examined how a range of physical punishment measures, ranging from mild corporal punishment to physical abuse, are associated with cognitive performance, school engagement, and peer isolation over a 3- year span among 658 children initially observed between the ages of 8 and 14. Physical punishment was captured in three groups: mild corporal punishment, harsh corporal punishment, and physical abuse, and both caregiver- and child-reported punishment measures were considered. After accounting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, only Ninitial exposure to physical abuse was significantly associated with declines in cognitive performance. However, all forms of physical punishment were associated with declines in school engagement, and harsh corporal punishment was associated with increased peer isolation. Our findings were relatively consistent regardless of whether physical punishment was reported by the child or caregiver. Overall, our findings suggest that the prevention of physical abuse may enhance children's cognitive performance, but that alone may not be sufficient to ensure children are engaged and well-adjusted in school.
Acute Passive Static Stretching and Cramp Threshold Frequency

Context: Exercise-associated muscle cramps are a common clinical problem for athletes. Objective: To determine whether acute passive static stretching altered cramp threshold frequency (CTF) of e...
The holy thorn reliquary and cultural heritage

A thorn, a valueless piece of wood, is displayed in an exquisite box made of gold and precious stones, and ornamented with intricate figures and symbols. This rare artefact showcases a worthless item, but for the meaning attached to it – the belief that it comes from the Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus Christ, during the Crucifixion. In the British Museum, the reliquary is one among many objects displayed for their tangible rather than intangible values. Thus, it becomes a metaphor for the definition of heritage, the identification of heritage values and the framework of cultural heritage law.
Framework of Corporatism: Contrasts in Leadership (FDR vs. Obama)

This chapter examines first the differences in foreign and domestic policy during the presidential campaigns of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney in 2012. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal then becomes an important foil for President Obama’s liberal policies.
Histopathology of synovial cysts of the spine.

Aims Cystic lesions derived from the synovial and ligamentous structures of the spine have varied histological appearances. Not uncommonly, there is discrepancy between the clinicoradiological diagnosis and histology. Therefore, we sought to characterise the histological features of tissue submitted as 'synovial cysts' of the spine. Methods and results Resected specimens of the spine labelled 'synovial cysts' and 'lumbar cysts' were histologically evaluated and classified on the basis of histopathological features. Seventy-five histological samples of spinal cysts were identified. Thirty-one were classified as synovial cysts (definite synovial lining), 28 showed pseudocystic degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, seven showed pseudocyst formation without evidence of a synovial lining or degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, and eight showed cyst contents only or no histological evidence of cyst wall for evaluation. Twenty-five cases (33%), especially those showing pseudocystic degeneration of the ligamentum flavum, were associated with very characteristic tumour calcinosis-like calcium deposition with a surrounding foreign-body giant-cell reaction. Conclusion Histology of 'synovial cysts' of the spine shows varied types of cyst; a large proportion are not synovial-lined cysts, but rather show pseudocystic degenerative changes of the ligamentum flavum, often associated with very characteristic finely granular calcifications and a foreign-body giant-cell reaction. This may have implications not only for understanding the pathogenesis of these lesions, but also for their varied responses to non-surgical interventions.
INTERACTION OF HEAVY METALS WITH CHITIN AND CHITOSAN. II. CADMIUM AND ZINC.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the interaction of heavy metals and the removal of metal ion wastes from discharge water with chitin and chitosan, zinc and cadmium. The chapter describes a study in which a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an International 7070A energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (EDAX) accessory and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were used to characterize chitin and chitosan before and after equilibration with metal ions. Numerous models were proposed for the adsorption of gases on solid surfaces. Based on SEM/EDAX analysis, it was found that the formation of metal-containing nodules on the polymer surface is a possible uptake mechanism. It was found that the free amine groups in chitosan are much better ligands for binding to metal ions like cadmium and zinc than the N-acetylated amine groups. Chitosan appears to be quite effective in removing the ions, while chitin is less effective except in extremely low concentrations. At higher concentrations of the metal ions, the effectiveness of these polymers is considerably lower.
Syntherella: a feedback synthesizer for efficient exploration of virtual worlds using a screen reader

Thanks to the recent efforts, virtual worlds are, at the very least, partially accessible to users with visual impairments. However, generating effective non-visual descriptions for these environments is still a challenge. Sighted users can process an entire scene with many objects in an instant but screen reader users may easily get overwhelmed by this great amount of information when it is transformed into linear speech feedback. Additionally, user studies from our previous work show that iteratively querying the environment for detailed descriptions slows down the interaction significantly. Syntherella is a feedback synthesizer that aims to provide meaningful, effective yet concise textual representations of the virtual worlds while minimizing the required number of queries for accessing information.
Intravascular Ultrasound: Equipment, Technique and Applications in Clinical Practice and Research

Morphological and quantitative assessment of coronary artery disease in vivo represents an important, although difficult, challenge in cardiovascular research and clinical practice. Until recently, atherosclerotic coronary lesions could not be visualized directly by any available imaging modality. Accordingly, detection of coronary obstructions has relied principally upon indirect methods that either depict the vessel lumen (angiography) or expose the ischemic effect of coronary narrows (nuclear or stress echocardiography). However, both methods are insensitive to the early, minimally obstructive disease associated with the dramatic and often lethal consequences of coronary atherosclerosis — acute coronary syndromes.
Surface Image Measurements

In the preceding chapters, the assumption has been made in most cases that images are planar. Either they result from viewing a cut section through some opaque body, or they are the projection of objects onto a plane. Most of our experience in the real world is, of course, with neither of these restricted types of images. While still stopping well short of the complexity of real-world images, which contain a variety of surfaces and objects with great depth, it can be important and useful to relax the criterion of planar surfaces somewhat. There are many interesting surfaces that are approximately flat on a large scale, but locally quite rough. Examples range from the surface of integrated circuits, where strips of metallization or photoresist produce surface relief, to skin with its folds and wrinkles, to the surfaces of planets, with such relatively minor irregularities as mountains and oceans.
Small business electricity disaggregation: Where can we improve? Towards increased transparency of appliance modal parameters

Abstract Small commercial buildings ( Results of the analysis reveal that BEAR is capable of providing building stakeholders with meaningful energy information. Accuracy of BEAR's energy consumption estimates could be improved by 25% to 59% through better data on modal (i.e. appliance operating mode such as standby mode) usage and power demand, respectively. These results stress the importance of detailed modal information, because when modal power information was available the median difference between BEAR and the smart meter measured data was 36% compared with 223% in appliances where modal data was not available. In response to these findings, this study develops and presents energy contour plots, a visual tool for plotting modal usage and modal power in a two-dimensional form of energy consumption contours. Moreover, it is the recommendation of this study that increased transparency of modal power be implemented at the manufacturer label or specification to achieve increased accuracy of targeted energy improvements.
Using stochastic programming and statistical extrapolation to mitigate long-term extreme loads in wind turbines

Abstract We propose stochastic programming formulations to enforce mechanical load requirements in wind turbine controller design procedures. The formulations use statistical extrapolation techniques to construct a probabilistic (chance) constraint that controls the long-term probability of exceeding an extreme load threshold (as described by the IEC-61400 standard). This approach is based on the observation that extreme loads follow a generalized extreme value distribution, which enables an explicit algebraic representation of the probabilistic constraint. We illustrate how to use the formulations to find design parameters for pitch angle and torque controllers that maximize power output while constraining long-term extreme loads. We also use the formulation to explore the ability of a hypothetical model predictive controller to mitigate extreme loads. The proposed formulations can be cast as large-scale (but structured) nonlinear programming problems that contain up to 7.5 million variables and constraints. We show that these problems can be solved in less than 1.3 h on a multi-core computer with existing optimization tools.
Medical and aesthetic procedural dermatology recommendations for transgender patients undergoing transition

Transgender individuals may transition to their identified gender through social, hormonal, and procedural methods by using a multidisciplinary team of health care providers, including dermatologists. In this review, we discuss the medical and aesthetic dermatologic needs related to the transitioning of transgender patients and provide therapeutic and procedural recommendations. In addition to routine cutaneous conditions, dermatologists may need to treat hormonal therapy–related complications. Acumen for genital dermatology and familiarity with gender reassignment surgery is important for the dermatologist caring for a transgender patient. From a structural standpoint, transgender beauty poses a unique aesthetic task. We identify key differences in the facial structure and physique of males versus those of females. Dermatologists may have a tremendous impact on the lives of transgender individuals who seek to realize their gender identity.
Fixed-rate insulin for adult diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with more frequent hypoglycaemia than rate-reduction method: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether hypoglycaemia incidence during management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) differed following transition from a fixed-rate insulin protocol to a protocol using an empiric insulin rate reduction after normoglycaemia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed charts from adult patients managed with a DKA order set before and after order set revision. In cohort 1 (n = 77), insulin rate was 0.1 unit/kg/h with no adjustments and dextrose was infused at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 250 mg/dl. In cohort 2 (n = 78), insulin was reduced to 0.05 unit/kg/h concurrent with dextrose initiation at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 200 mg/dl. The primary outcome was hypoglycaemia (glucose < 70 mg/dl) within 24 h of the first order for insulin. KEY FINDINGS The 24-h incidence of hypoglycaemia was 19.2% in cohort 2 versus 32.5% in cohort 1; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.21, 0.98]; P = 0.047). The 24-h use of dextrose 50% in water (D50W) was also reduced in cohort 2. No differences were seen in anion gap or bicarbonate normalization, rebound hyperglycaemia or ICU length of stay. In most patients who became hypoglycaemic, the preceding glucose value was below 100 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS The insulin rate-reduction protocol was associated with less hypoglycaemia and no obvious disadvantage. Robust intervention for low-normal glucose values could plausibly achieve low hypoglycaemia rates with either approach.
Friend or Foe? An Overview of the Services and Disservices from Urban Green Spaces

Many topics in urban planning have their share of pros and cons. The balance of two sides of a scale can be illustrated with an item such as a seesaw: there are times when the weight on one side outweighs the weight on the other. Depending on the scale and the objects involved, there are instances where the balance can shift from one side to the other over time. Thus, the pressures on the seesaw are not necessarily static but often dynamic. Similarly, some scholars and planners wonder when the benefits of urban green spaces outweigh the potential disservices. There has been more research on the ecosystem services and related benefits of green spaces than the risks. Dozens of studies have linked urban green spaces to mitigating the urban heat island effect, building community resilience, and buffering against storm events (Chawla et al. in Health Place 28:1–13, 2014; Jesdale et al. in Environ Health Perspect 121(7):811, 2013). And numerous reviews have identified significant pathways between exposure to natural environments and improved human health, such as increased physical activity, social contacts, and lower levels of stress (Fong et al. in Current Environ Health Rep 5(1):77–87, 2018; Markevych et al. in Environ Res 158:301–317, 2017; James et al. in Current Epidemiol Rep 2(2):131–142, 2015). Yet potential adverse effects of green spaces are either not mentioned or deemphasized in most studies and literature reviews of green spaces. A small body of work has found that some green space management development strategies can lead to undesirable health outcomes (i.e., seasonal allergies, infectious diseases, and injuries during outdoor recreation) as well as unwanted social outcomes (i.e., gentrification) (Nilsson et al. in Forests, trees and human health. Springer, pp 1–19, 2011). Green spaces can thus provide both services and disservices depending on the urban context and their design and maintenance, so these factors are essential aspects in socio-ecological frameworks of public health. In this chapter, we discuss the possible services and disservices derived from urban green spaces and how planners can balance the seesaw and emphasize the former over the latter.
Retórica mediática y migración. Las representaciones de la migración en las narrativas post 9/11 del New York Times

As a cultural institution, the press plays a fundamental role in documenting and forging the public image of migrants. This paper analyzes two thematic axes in the post 9/11 narrative of the New York Times on migration. The image that was created during the year following the terrorist attacks presents on the one hand the Mexican migrant as a potential terrorist and on the other hand migration as a global problem. It is fundamental to problematize the rhetoric about contemporary migration by inserting it in the ideological roots that defined that moment and in the historical framework of the Mexico-United States relationship. The media rhetoric post 9/11 contributed to the emergence of a new international agenda by globalizing this representation.
The Teacher and Nonverbal Communication

In writing of the seven deadly sins of college teaching, Eble (1983:3) observed that “Arrogance, Dullness, Rigidity, Insensitivity, Vanity, Self-Indulgence, and Hypocrisy” are sins as deadly to students' chances of learning “as the traditional deadly sins were to chances of salvation.” Focusing on “dullness,” Eble comments that though it is a seemingly benign sin, it competes for the “highest (or lowest) place.” With this in mind, and on the assumption that instructors are the dominant influence in the classroom, the major focus for many researchers has been the analysis of teacher behavior. From their studies five characteristics of effective college teachers have been identified: scholarship (Mayhew, 1980); interest in subject (Beatty and Behnke, 1980); enthusiasm in presentation (Barr, 1981); keen wit (Bryant, et al., 1980); and the ability to dramatize a subject (Norton and Nussbaum, 1980). Consequently, the communication style of instructors has emerged as a prevailing factor in the teaching-learning process and has served as the basis of a growing body of research. In the usual college classroom environment, communication is the central element in teaching. Norton's studies (1983) offered evidence showing perceived teacher effectiveness to be related to a teacher's perceived communication style, while Scott and Nussbaum (1981) found students' perceptions of teachers' communication styles to be associated significantly with student achievement. In the last instance, the findings showed that an instructor's perceived adeptness in communication was highly related to a student's evaluation of the overall performance of that instructor in the classroom.
Predicting spread through air spaces (STAS) preoperatively: can imaging help?

More than 80% of primary lung cancers are non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), with adenocarcinoma the most common histologic subtype of NSCLC. Diagnosis of NSCLC is primarily made by histologic assessment, which also informs treatment selection (1). Lung adenocarcinoma is well-known to be histologically heterogenous, as reflected in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification, which recommends the use of histologic subtyping in 5% increments. The five major histologic subtypes are lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid (1). Predominant subtype is predictive of clinical behavior: lepidic is regarded as low-risk, acinar and papillary as intermediate-risk, and micropapillary and solid as high-risk (2). Ground glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be associated with lepidic growth and consolidation is associated with invasive growth.
Two Roads to Parallelism: From Serial Code to Programming with STAPL

Parallel computers have come of age and need parallel software to justify their usefulness. There are two major avenues to get programs to run in parallel: parallelizing compilers and parallel languages and/or libraries. In this talk we present our latest results using both approaches and draw some conclusions about their relative effectiveness and potential.
580. Association Between Central Venous Catheter Repair and Bloodstream Infections in a Pediatric Oncology Center

Background Central venous catheters (CVCs) are important for healthcare delivery in pediatric oncology patients. It is common to repair CVC breakage to prevent replacement. Existing evidence regarding the association between CVC repair and bloodstream infections (BSI) is limited in the general pediatric population and lacking in pediatric oncology patients. We aim at evaluating whether repairing broken CVCs is associated with an increased risk for subsequent BSI in a pediatric oncology center.
Conjunctival Melanoma Angiotropic Microsatellitosis: A Mechanism of Local Extravascular Migratory Metastasis.

Purpose To report a case of local metastasis of conjunctival melanoma, which may occur via extravascular migratory metastasis (EVMM), and discuss its clinical relevance in conjunctival melanoma tumor staging and possible management implications. Methods Retrospective chart review of a single clinical case with clinicopathologic correlation. Results A 65-year-old male referred due to local recurrence of conjunctival melanoma at the caruncle was successfully treated after two excisional procedures with negative sentinel lymph node biopsies. Forty-eight months after initial presentation, the patient developed a nodular lesion representing local recurrence in the ipsilateral upper tarsal conjunctiva, distant from the primary tumor site. Histopathology showed nodules in the substantia propria in the absence of primary acquired melanosis. The tumor cells were found along the extravascular surface without intralymphatic or intravascular tumor cells consistent with local metastasis. One possible mechanism is angiotropic microsatellitosis leading to local EVMM. Additional neck CT imaging showed no lymphadenopathy. Conclusion EVMM via angiotropic microsatellitosis is another possible mechanism of noncontiguous local recurrence of conjunctival melanoma. Angiotropic microsatellitosis may represent a high-risk finding possibly related to increased melanoma-related mortality.
Meat intake, meat cooking methods, and meat-derived mutagen exposure and risk of sessile serrated lesions.

BACKGROUND Red and processed meat, recognized carcinogens, are risk factors for colorectal neoplasia, including polyps, the precursor for colorectal cancer. The mechanism is unclear. One possible explanation is the mutagenic activity of these foods, perhaps due to generation during cooking [e.g., heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake]. Few studies have evaluated meat intake and sessile serrated lesion (SSL) risk, a recently recognized precursor, and no study has evaluated meat cooking methods and meat-derived mutagens with SSL risk. OBJECTIVE We evaluated intakes of meat, meat cooking methods, and inferred meat mutagens with SSL risk and in comparison to risk of other polyps. METHODS Meat, well-done meat, and inferred meat mutagen intakes were evaluated. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs among cases (556 hyperplastic polyp, 1753 adenoma, and 208 SSL) and controls (3804) in the large colonoscopy-based, case-control study, the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. RESULTS The highest quartile intakes of red meat (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.44, 3.93), processed meat (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.17), well-done red meat (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.60), and the HCA 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQX; OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.49, 4.16) were associated with increased risk of SSLs in comparison to the lowest quartile intake. CONCLUSIONS High intakes of red and processed meats are strongly and especially associated with SSL risk and part of the association may be due to HCA intake. Future studies should evaluate other mechanism(s) and the potential for primary prevention.
Understanding Students' Loan/Debt Experience

This research aims to understand students' decision-making process in taking out federal and/or private loans to finance college. The study conducted interviews with seven graduate and undergraduate students with loans and used phenomenology as the method of inquiry. The analysis is based on the theory of bounded rationality. Findings included the following: a) Students apply to Federal Direct Loans to finance their college program with limited knowledge and resources from institutions, loan servicing contractors and their family. b) Students show minimum concern about payback plans and mainly focus on schools. c) The phenomenon of procrastination and partial naivete of students is situated in the larger social context whereby student loan servicing contractors are unable to provide standard customer service. d) There is a culture of avoidance in talking about and directly dealing with student loans/debts among students. These findings suggest that higher education institutions should enhance financial education, career counseling and provide intervention to improve the financial literacy of students; student loan servicing companies need enhance their communication with student loan borrowers. Specifically, more consultation for first generation students and students from minority backgrounds can help them better manage their personal finances.
Regulatory T cells provide chondroprotection through increased TIMP1, IL-10 and IL-4, but cannot mitigate the catabolic effects of IL-1β and IL-6 in a tri-culture model of osteoarthritis

Abstract Objective To gain insight into Treg interactions with synovial tissues in early OA, an equine tri-culture model of OA was used to test the hypothesis that Tregs, in the absence of T Helper 17 ​cells, are sufficient to resolve inflammation elicited by IL-1β. Methods To model normal and OA joints, synoviocytes were co-cultured with chondrocytes in a transwell system and ± stimulated with IL-1β. Tregs were activated and enriched, then added to co-cultures, creating tri-cultures. At culture end, synoviocytes and chondrocytes were analyzed for gene expression, Treg Foxp3 expression was reexamined by flow cytometry, and conditioned media were evaluated by ELISA. Results Tregs increased IL-10 and IL-4 in tri-culture media and increased TIMP1 gene expression in synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Tregs increased IL-6 in conditioned media and Il6 gene expression in synoviocytes, which was additive with IL-1β. In chondrocytes, addition of Tregs decreased Col2b gene expression while Acan gene expression was decreased by IL-1β and addition of Tregs. IL-17A was detected in tri-cultures. CCL2 and CCL5 were increased in tri-cultures. Conclusions In a tri-culture model of OA, addition of Tregs resulted in conditions conducive to chondroprotection including increased concentration of IL-10 and IL-4 in conditioned media and increased gene expression of TIMP1 in both chondrocytes and synoviocytes. However, there was increased concentration of the catabolic cytokine IL-6, and decreased gene expression of Col2b and Acan in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. These results suggest that blocking IL-6 could enhance Treg function in mitigating OA progression.
Editorial Introduction to Special Issue of Justice Quarterly 2021: Addressing High Priority, “Big” Policy Questions in a Polarized Society

The goal of this special issue is to provide sound empirical research addressing high priority, big policy questions in crime and justice amid the increasingly partisan divide in the United States....
“Boy eternal”: aging, games, and masculinity in "The Winter's Tale".

AbstractThis essay draws on a range of early modern writings on games and male development to examine aging men's nostalgia for boyhood play in Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale. In contrast to the psychoanalytic critical tradition, which presumes masculinity to be produced in conflict with women and/or femininity, I demonstrate masculinity to be a function not only of gender, but of age. The Winter's Tale explores the consequences of the early modern conception of boyhood as lying on a continuum with manhood, a conception reinforced by early modern views of the role of games in male development. I suggest that Leontes and Polixenes turn to games to affirm their connection to boyhood but that the drama problematizes this strategy by depicting these characters as collapsing boyhood and manhood, with pathological results. Whereas Leontes ultimately progresses toward normative early modern manhood—using recreation to recommit to his marriage and accept old age—Polixenes regresses, remaining fixated on youth an...
Development of an agar-methyl cellulose clonogenic assay for cells in transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder

Abstract We report the development of a clonogenic assay for progenitor cells in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Colony growth has been demonstrated from cells obtained both from surgical biopsies and from bladder barbotages. Electron microscopic and karyotypic evidence supports the contention that these progenitors represent a part of the population maintaining the tumor in vivo . Colony growth occurred in 9 of 11 surgical biopsy samples and in 6 of 6 bladder barbotage samples. Plating efficiency ranged up to 0.7%, and colony size was in some instances greater than 1000 cells. The assay appears potentially useful for analysis of the biology of human transitional cell carcinoma.
Iterative equalization for single-carrier cyclic-prefix in doubly-dispersive channels

Single-carrier cyclic prefix (SCCP) has been proposed as an alternative to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). While the implementation complexity of the two schemes are comparable, SCCP avoids the peak-to-average power ratio problem that plagues OFDM. Both OFDM and SCCP receivers leverage the fast Fourier transform for computationally-efficient frequency-domain equalization. For channels that are significantly time-varying, however, frequency-domain equalization alone is inadequate. Several OFDM receiver modifications have been proposed for this time-varying case, including one which uses linear pre-processing and iterative estimation to yield excellent performance with low complexity. Here we design an SCCP receiver based on similar concepts.
Mercury (II) Stimulation of Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract The reduction of NAD catalyzed by pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase can be stimulated by low concentrations, approximately 0.05 mm, of Hg++. This activation is dependent on the presence of the substrate malate at the time the enzyme is exposed to Hg++. The stimulation is both pH- and temperature-dependent, with maximum stimulation occurring near pH 8.8 and 30°. The activation is not the result of an alteration in the Ks values of the enzyme for either NAD or malate. The reverse reaction, the oxidation of NADH, is markedly inhibited by Hg++ in potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, but is unaffected in Tris-HCl buffer at the same pH. These observations suggest that the effects of Hg++ on enzymatic activity are the results of various structural changes produced following mercaptide formation with different sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme. Hg++ stimulation of NAD reduction could also be demonstrated with malate dehydrogenase from other animal sources, as well as with the enzymes from Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. In contrast, the enzymes from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa could not be stimulated, while those from Bacillus licheniformis and plant sources were inhibited by Hg++.
Light hadron physics from the lattice

Two aspects of chiral dynamics are explored using lattice QCD. The first is calculation of low-energy hadronic parameters and a brief survey of recent lattice results is presented, including meson decay constants, the quark condensate, pion and nucleon scattering lengths and the nucleon σ-term. The second is a demonstration of the dominant role of instantons in determining light hadron structure and quark propagation in the QCD vacuum. The instanton content of gluon fields sampling the Wilson action is extracted using cooling as a filter to selectively remove essentially all fluctuations of the gluon field except for instantons. Close agreement is demonstrated between quenched lattice QCD results including all gluonic contributions and including only instantons for vacuum correlation functions of hadronic currents and for density-density correlation functions in hadronic bound states.