cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A diary study of credibility assessment in everyday life information activities on the web: preliminary findings

This study investigates how people's credibility assessment processes have evolved as they engage in increasingly diverse types of online activities beyond seeking for information or reading online news. Using an online activity diary method, information on people's online activities and their associated credibility assessment processes were collected at multiple points throughout the day for three days. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of 2,471 diary entries received from 333 respondents. Content analysis was applied to people's descriptions of their online activities, yielding 17 different types of information objects and 26 categories of online content. People's credibility judgments were examined on three levels: construct, heuristics, and interaction. The results, although preliminary, indicate that distinct credibility assessment heuristics are in fact emerging as people engage in online activities involving more user-generated and multimedia content. The unique contribution of this paper is its identification of the importance of taking a heuristic approach to credibility assessment by studying a large sample of heavy Internet users within the context of the everyday life information activities they conduct online.
Diminished lymphocyte and granulocyte γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia and response to chemotherapy

gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity (per mg protein) in blood lymphoid cells of 27 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (1.05 +/- 0.15) was significantly below that of controls (2.25 +/- 0.30), became normalized during chemotherapy-induced remission (2.47 +/- 0.26), and was low again (1.59 +/- 0.62) in relapsed subjects. Individual variations in the GGT activity of the blood lymphoid cell fraction (per mg protein) bore a significant inverse correlation to the number of white blood cells (WBC) as well as of blasts per ml blood. Blasts had minimal GGT activity; however, partial GGT deficiency was also exhibited by the microscopically normal circulatory lymphocytes of several patients prior to treatment and in relapsed subjects whose blood was still devoid of blasts. Significantly diminished GGT activity (per mg protein) was found in the blood granulocytes of ALL subjects. This deficit, restored during remission and present again at relapse, varied in magnitude but showed no statistically significant correlation to the different patients' degree of neutropenia. In about one-third of the newly diagnosed or relapsed pre-B ALL children, the circulatory granulocytes' GGT activity was only 10-20% of normal. The results suggest that 1) the presence or absence of this sign of functional maldifferentiation in granulocytes is a factor in the heterogeneity of disease manifestation among subjects with apparently the same type of ALL and that 2) measurement of GGT in the circulatory granulocytes, as well lymphocytes, may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Single Channel Properties of Rat Acid–sensitive Ion Channel-1α, -2a, and -3 Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes

The mammalian nervous system expresses proton-gated ion channels known as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Depending on their location and specialization some neurons express more than one type of ASIC where they may form homo- or heteromeric channels. Macroscopic characteristics of the ASIC currents have been described, but little is known at the single channel level. Here, we have examined the properties of unitary currents of homomeric rat ASIC1α, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes with the patch clamp technique. We describe and characterize properties unique to each of these channels that can be used to distinguish the various types of ASIC channels expressed in mammalian neurons. The amplitudes of the unitary currents in symmetrical Na+ are similar for the three types of channels (23–18 pS) and are not voltage dependent. However, ASIC1α exhibits three subconductance states, ASIC2a exhibits only one, and ASIC3 none. The kinetics of the three types of channels are different: ASIC1α and ASIC2a shift between modes of activity, each mode has different open probability and kinetics. In contrast, the kinetics of ASIC3 are uniform throughout the burst of activity. ASIC1α, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 are activated by external protons with apparent pH50 of 5.9, 5.0, and 5.4, respectively. Desensitization in the continual presence of protons is fast and complete in ASIC1α and ASIC3 (2.0 and 4.5 s−1, respectively) but slow and only partial in ASIC2a (0.045 s−1). The response to external Ca2+ also differs: μM concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ are necessary for proton gating of ASIC3 (EC50 = 0.28 μM), whereas ASIC1α and ASIC2a do not require Ca2+. In addition, Ca2+ inhibits ASIC1α (KD = 9.2 ± 2 mM) by several mechanisms: decrease in the amplitude of unitary currents, shortening of the burst of activity, and decrease in the number of activated channels. Contrary to previous reports, our results indicate that the Ca2+ permeability of ASIC1α is very small.
Custom Processor Core Construction from C Code

In this paper we present a method for construction of application specific processor cores from a given C code. Our approach consists of three phases. We start by quantifying the properties of the C code in terms of operation types, available parallelism and other metrics. We then create an initial data path to exploit the available parallelism. We then apply designer guided constraints to an interactive data path refinement algorithm that attempts to reduce the number of the most expensive components while meeting the constraints. Our experimental results show that our technique scales very well with the size of the C code. We demonstrate the efficiency of our technique on wide range of applications, from standard academic benchmarks to industrial size examples like the MP3 decoder. Each processor core was constructed and refined in under a minute, allowing the designer to explore several different configurations in much less time than needed for manual design. On average, the refined core have only 23% latency overhead, twice as many block RAMs and 36% fewer slices compared to the respective manual designs.
Exit times from cones in ℝ n of Brownian motion

For a fairly general class of cones inn dimensions (n≧3) we determine the corresponding distributions of Brownian first exit times. Asymptotic results may then be read off.
Vacuolated plant cells as ideal osmometer: reversibility and limits of plasmolysis, and estimation of protoplasm volume in control and water‐stress‐tolerant cells

Abstract. The osmotic behaviour of vacuolated plant cells (adaxial epidermal cells of Allium cepa bulb scales, and epidermal as well as chloroplast containing subepidermal stem base cells of Pisum sativum) was studied over a wide range of CaCl2 concentrations. The following results were obtained. a. Allium cepa and Pisum sativum plant cells behave as an ideal osmometer as far as plasmolytic contraction of the protoplast is concerned. b. The protoplasts of these cells could be plasmolysed to 15–45% of their original volume without the loss of membrane semi-permeability. c. Cells plasmolysed in 1.0 kmol m−3 CaCl2 could be completely deplasmolysed and upon deplasmolysis the cells resumed protoplasmic streaming. d. The above findings (a-c) indicate that during gradual plasmolysis and deplasmolysis membrane semi-permeability is maintained. e. At very high plasmolysing concentrations vacuoles covered with the tonoplast separated from the rest of the protoplasm in some cells whereas others showed systrophy. Extruded vacuoles were able to respond to osmotic shrinkage. f. The non-solvent space in Allium cells of about 3% also corresponded to the protoplasm volume calculated from the protoplast geometry (mean from results of direct measurement method and subtraction method). g. Subepidermal stem base cells of water-stress-tolerant Pisum plants had a 75% greater non-solvent space than the control cells indicating that a water-stress-tolerant cell may contain a larger amount of protoplasm and/or a vacuole with a higher content of colloidal material in the vacuole. h. Water-stress-tolerant cells showed greater tolerance to osmotic dehydration (volume reduction) than control cells.
Development of a wide-band short backfire antenna excited by an unbalance-fed H-shaped slot

The short backfire antenna (SBA) has been widely used for mobile satellite communications, tracking, telemetry, and wireless local-area network applications due to its compact structure and excellent radiation characteristics. The most common excitation topology for the SBA is a balance-fed wire dipole, which has the disadvantage of a narrow frequency bandwidth for the input impedance. In this paper, an H-shaped slot is employed to excite the SBA for the first time. The H-shaped slot is unbalance-fed from a coaxial line. It is demonstrated that the H-shaped slot-excited SBA can achieve a bandwidth for input impedance of more than 20% (VSWR<2) while maintaining good radiation performance. The antenna structure is described and the simulation and experimental results are presented. The operating principle is investigated to explain why the slot-excited SBA can result in good impedance and radiation characteristics. A parametric study is conducted for the use of practical engineering design.
Cell cycle-dependent sequencing of cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans vulva precursor cells

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the fates of the six multipotent vulva precursor cells (VPCs) are specified by extracellular signals. One VPC expresses the primary (1 degrees) fate in response to a Ras-mediated inductive signal from the gonad. The two VPCs flanking the 1 degrees cell each express secondary (2 degrees) fates in response to lin-12-mediated lateral signaling. The remaining three VPCs each adopt the non-vulval tertiary (3 degrees) fate. Here I describe experiments examining how the selection of these vulval fates is affected by cell cycle arrest and cell cycle-restricted lin-12 activity. The results suggest that lin-12 participates in two developmental decisions separable by cell cycle phase: lin-12 must act prior to the end of VPC S phase to influence a 1 degrees versus 2 degrees cell fate choice, but must act after VPC S phase to influence a 3 degrees versus 2 degrees cell fate choice. Coupling developmental decisions to cell cycle transitions may provide a mechanism for prioritizing or ordering choices of cell fates for multipotential cells.
The p53 tumour suppressor gene

The cell cycle is composed of a series of steps which can be negatively or positively regulated by various factors. Chief among the negative regulators is the p53 protein. Alteration or inactivation of p53 by mutation, or by its interactions with oncogene products of DNA tumour viruses, can lead to cancer. These mutations seem to be the most common genetic change in human cancers.
Child Psychiatry and Family Therapy

Abstract The polarization which has characterized the relationship between child psychiatry and family therapy no longer dominates the interrelationship between the two fields as it once did. Increasingly child psychiatrists are employing family therapy in their clinical work and discovering the valuable contribution the two fields can make to each other. This paper attempts to explore this fruitful interrelationship by reviewing the usefulness of family therapy in relation to diagnosis, treatment, and crisis intervention and by discussing the role of children and the value of dynamic and developmental concepts in understanding core clinical issues and therapeutic change in family therapy.
Social integration in friendship networks: the synergy of network structure and peer influence in relation to cigarette smoking among high risk adolescents.

Using data from a study of high risk adolescents in Southern California, U.S.A. (N = 851), this study examined synergy between social network measures of social integration and peer influence in relation to past month cigarette smoking. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, results indicated that being central in networks was significantly and positively related to past month cigarette smoking, across all study models. In addition, there is modest evidence that the number of reciprocated friendship ties was positively related to past month cigarette smoking. There is also some modest evidence that the relationship between having reciprocated friendships and past month cigarette smoking was moderated by a network peer influence process, smoking with those in youths’ best friend networks. Findings indicate that being integrated within a social network context of peer influences favoring drug use relates to more smoking among these high risk youth.
Effects of Dietary Vitamin B6 on the Utilization of Monosodium Glutamate by Rats

The absorption and utilization of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) have been studied in control and vitamin B6-deficient rats. When 1 mg of labeled or unlabeled MSG/gram of body weight was administered intraduo- denally, higher plasma glutamate but not 14Clevels were observed in the jugular and portal blood of deficient rats than controls. This appeared to be related to decreased tissue utilization and intestinal transaminatA­on of glutamate in de ficient animals. Vitamin B6 deficiency resulted in a delayed clearance from plasma of intravenously administered glutamate. Aspartate and alanine amino- transferases, the two major glutamate transaminases of the intestinal mucosa were measured in pre- and postweanling rats. The activity of these enzymes was low in rats under 21 days of age. They were not affected by pyridoxine adminis tration. Following weaning intestinal transaminase activity was markedly in creased by the feeding of diets with adequate vitamin B6 and further decreased by diets deficient in the vitamin. These studies point up the need in MSG toxicity studies to especially consider the age and state of vitamin B, nutriture of the animals used and the routes of MSG administration. J. Nutr. 102: 835-840,
Learning about Gender, War, and Nationalism from Movies

Gender, Nationalism, and War: Conflict on the Movie Screen. By Matthew Evangelista. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 304 pp., $32.99 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-17354-4). Where feminists saw an obvious linkage between women's empowerment and peace, Matthew Evangelista's latest book contributes to the growing literature on how gender relations and armed conflict configure in different settings without any simple or predictable results. Drawing inspiration from Virginia Woolf's Three Guineas , he explores gender dynamics within nationalist conflicts, noting that some women resist nationalism in the name of their own liberation, while others embrace conflict and the opportunities it can create for them. In Evangelista's words, “The premise of this book is that we can learn much about the relationship that Virginia Woolf first explored in the 1930s between gender, nationalism, and war by watching movies” (p. 3). Noting that much of the early literature on gender and conflict ignored the particularities of nationalist struggles, he uses the Algerian war of independence, ethnic conflict in Bosnia, the two wars over Chechen secession, and the Quebecois nationhood campaigns as case studies. In each, he considers Woolf's assertions about the relationship between women and nationalism, using her observations as touchstones throughout the text. Where many scholars draw on films to support classroom teaching, or use them for purely pedagogic purposes (Drezner 2011), there are few IR scholars who analyze film as data. Those who do look at audio-visual materials frequently look at the ways that their story lines echo ongoing concerns in IR theory and political practice, as well as the political economy of popular culture products themselves (see the edited volumes: Weldes 2003; Nexon and Neumann 2006; Kiersey and Neumann in press, 2013). Gender, Nationalism, and War does something quite different, taking a position halfway between a pedagogical approach and narrative or discursive analyses. Evangelista does not use the films as …
Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Composites

In polymer composites high elastic modulus fibers are incorporated into a lower elastic modulus matrix to achieve structural reinforcement Most common fibers are E-glass, carbon or graphite, and aramids (kevlar). Typically the elastic modulus and strength of these fibers are of a magnitude higher than the polymer matrix in which these fibers are embedded. The essential quality of a good composite is that the bond between the fiber and the matrix is well established and is continuous both around the fiber and its length. Thus, a good composite’s performance essentially depends on the interfacial bond quality. When a load is applied in the direction of the fiber orientation of the composite, the load is shared both by the fiber and the polymer matrix. The ratio of this load share depends on the relative elastic modulus of the fiber and the matrix. However, the elastic modulus of the polymer matrix is significantly influenced by the temperature. At lower temperature the modulus of elasticity increases considerably, and thus it is expected that load sharing between the fibers and the matrix would also change. Another significant aspect of the temperature variation in polymer composites is related to the development of internal stresses. The typical fibers of polymer composites have extremely low thermal expansion coefficients (TEC), wheras, polymers have thermal expansion coefficients which are almost an order of magnitude higher. Thus, when the composites are cooled, the fibers do not shrink as much as the polymer matrix would tend to shrink, but because of the continuous interfacial bond with the fiber the matrix only shrinks as much as the fiber shrinks. Nevertheless, the matrix is stretched, and in the fiber direction, develops internal tensile stress and interfacial shear stress. Cooling also develops hoop stresses and radial stresses around the fiber and thus changes the clamping stress. The clamping stress controls the fracture behavior or crack development and propagation both across and along the fiber direction of unidirectional composites. More complex stresses are developed when the composites are constructed as laminates with each lamina (layers of fibers) having fiber orientations different from the adjacent ones. A large amount of experimental investigations on the effects of temperature on mechanical and fracture behavior of composites including strength, modulus, toughness, failure mode, as well as damage tolerance, have been reported in literature which have primarily aimed towards high temperature behavior, however very little work has been done on mechanism and mechanics of behavior and failure at low temperature. The purpose of this paper will be to briefly discuss on the micromechanical aspects of the low temperature responses expected from the polymer composites.
Shape Control of Tensegrity Structures

Tensegrity is a relatively new approach to structural design that has seen great advances in recent years. The unique properties of tensegrity structures allow for the design of deployable and lightweight structures|a combination highly applicable in the context of space systems. This work focuses on a rigorous development of shape control for tensegrity
Ultrafine Polysaccharide Nanofibrous Membranes for Water Purification

Ultrafine polysaccharide nanofibers (i.e., cellulose and chitin) with 5-10 nm diameters were employed as barrier layers in a new class of thin-film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membranes for water purification. In addition to concentration, the viscosity of the polysaccharide nanofiber coating suspension was also found to be affected by the pH value and ionic strength. When compared with two commercial UF membranes (PAN10 and PAN400), 10-fold higher permeation flux with above 99.5% rejection ratio were achieved by using ultrafine cellulose nanofibers-based TFNC membranes for ultrafiltration of oil/water emulsions. The very high surface-to-volume ratio and negatively charged surface of cellulose nanofibers, which lead to a high virus adsorption capacity as verified by MS2 bacteriophage testing, offer further opportunities in drinking water applications. The low cost of raw cellulose/chitin materials, the environmentally friendly fabrication process, and the impressive high-flux performance indicate that such ultrafine polysaccharide nanofibers-based TFNC membranes can surpass conventional membrane systems in many different water applications.
Morphology of tibiotalar osteophytes in anterior ankle impingement.

The purpose of this study was to document radiographic trends in the size and location of osteophytes occurring in patients who have undergone surgical treatment of bony anterior ankle impingement. All patients over a period of 31 months who had undergone surgical excision of anterior ankle osteophytes were identified. 9 patients (10 ankles) in whom preoperative CT scans were available were selected as the study group. This group was retrospectively reviewed in terms of basic preoperative characteristics (age, sex, symptomatology, sports history, systemic disease, passive dorsiflexion). Osteophyte size was measured on plain lateral radiographs, and axial CT images were used to determine both tibial and talar osteophyte location by referencing them to the midline of the talar dome. 95% confidence intervals demonstrated that the talar spur peak lies medial to the midline, the tibial spur peak lies lateral to the midline, and the spurs typically do not overlap each other. Further, the tibial spur is wider th...
Charity, Pride, and Patronage

As the previous chapter argued, constructing an allegorical female persona for the university allowed Gerson to insert the results of academic consensus into conversations about royal policy without suffering forceful rebuke from princes who had previously proved hostile to the university’s advice. To this extent, it was a successful rhetorical strategy. Gerson’s repeated invitations to address the royal court and the University of Paris’s repeated reliance upon him as its official representative to the king testify to the ways in which Gerson was able to craft a space for himself to speak that resonated both with the goals of his colleagues and the expectations of the crown. His success in establishing his reputation as a preacher and a leader within the university led to his appointment as the chaplain to the king’s uncle, Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy, in 1393 and his appointment as chancellor of the University of Paris by Pope Benedict XIII in 1395.
Topological Field Theory and Matrix Product States

It is believed that most (perhaps all) gapped phases of matter can be described at long distances by topological quantum field theory (TQFT). On the other hand, it has been rigorously established that in 1+1d ground states of gapped Hamiltonians can be approximated by matrix product states (MPS). We show that the state-sum construction of 2d TQFT naturally leads to MPS in their standard form. In the case of systems with a global symmetry G , this leads to a classification of gapped phases in 1+1d in terms of Morita-equivalence classes of G-equivariant algebras. Nonuniqueness of the MPS representation is traced to the freedom of choosing an algebra in a particular Morita class. In the case of short-range entangled phases, we recover the group cohomology classification of SPT phases.
Modeling SF3B1 Mutations in Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Obeng et al. identify the consequences of expressing the most common mutation in the spliceosomal gene SF3B1 on hematopoiesis. The knockin mouse model described represents a valuable tool to dissect the effects of SF3B1 mutations on transformation, splicing, and less well-characterized functions of SF3B1.
BioStream: a system architecture for real-time processing of physiological signals

Continuous monitoring of physiological signals has the potential to greatly improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases. Recent advances in sensor technology make the capture of such signals possible. In this paper, we present BioStream, a real-time, and operator-based software solution for managing physiological sensor streams. It is built on top of a general-purpose stream processing software architecture. The system processes data using plug-in analysis components that can be easily composed into plans using a graphical programming environment. The architecture is scalable, allowing implementation on systems ranging from desktops to server farms. It guarantees real-time response and data persistence in a distributed environment. We apply this architecture to the problem of multipatient, real-time, physiological signal monitoring, analysis, indexing and visualization.
Nutrition knowledge and Mediterranean diet adherence in the southeast United States: Validation of a field-based survey instrument.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) can reduce chronic disease risk and is a recommended diet for prevention and management of diabetes. Adherence to the MD in the southeast United States where obesity and diabetes are highly prevalent is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to: 1) construct a survey instrument relevant to the general population integrating both MD related nutrition knowledge and adherence questions from previously validated instruments, and 2) assess MD related nutrition knowledge and adherence in a sample population in the southest United States. Adherance was assessed using the validated short MD Adherence Screener (MEDAS). A MD nutrition knowledge (MDNK) questionnaire was developed from previously validated general nutrition knowledge questionnaires and was validated using 127 university students enrolled in three courses with varying levels of nutrition education. Cronbach's α for internal validity of MDNK was acceptable for a short questionnaire (0.653). Test-retest reliability was established (r = 0.853). Field validation of the three-part survey instrument (MEDAS, MDNK and demographic questions) was subsequently performed in 230 adults shopping at supermarkets and farmers markets in eastern Alabama. Total MDNK and MEDAS scores were significantly higher in students with formal nutrition education and in patrons of farmers markets. Greater MD adherence, assessed by dividing MEDAS scores into thirds, was found with increasing formal nutrition education in university students (p = 0.002) and in farmers market participants (p < 0.001). There was a weak but significant association between MDNK and MEDAS scores within university students and participants in the field. Together, the MDNK-MEDAS survey instrument is an effective tool for assessing baseline knowledge and adherence and can be used to target nutritional interventions to improve MD adherence for prevention and management of diabetes and other chronic disease.
Reversed Cyclic Behavior of Column-to-Foundation Connections in Low-Rise Metal Buildings

AbstractLow-rise metal buildings constitute a large portion of the nonresidential construction in the United States. These buildings are, in most cases, characterized by a pinned column-to-foundati...
Polyethylene Damage Increases With Varus Implant Alignment in Posterior-stabilized and Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty.

Implant malalignment in primary TKA has been reported to increase stresses placed on the bearing surfaces of implant components. We used a longitudinally maintained registry coupled with an implant retrieval program to consider whether preoperative, postoperative, or prerevision malalignment was associated with increased risk of revision surgery after TKA. (1) What is the relative polyethylene damage on medial and lateral compartments of the tibial plateaus from revised TKAs? (2) Does coronal TKA alignment affect implant performance, such that TKAs aligned in varus are predisposed to experience increased polyethylene damage? (3) Does TKA alignment differ between postoperative and prerevision radiographs, and if so, what does this difference suggest about the mechanical contact load placed on a knee with a TKA? Between 2007 and 2012, we performed 18,065 primary TKAs at our institution. By March 2016, 178 of those TKAs (1%) were revised at our center at least 2 years after primary surgery at our institution. Eighteen of those TKAs were excluded from this analysis because the tibial insert was not explanted during revision surgery, and four more were excluded because the inserts were lost or returned to the patient before the study was initiated, leaving 156 retrieved polyethylene tibial inserts (in 153 patients) revised at greater than 2 years after the primary TKA for this retrospective study. Patients who underwent revision surgery elsewhere were not considered here, since this study depended on having retrieved components. Polyethylene damage modes of burnishing, pitting, scratching, delamination, surface deformation, abrasion, and third-body debris were subjectively graded on a scale of 0 to 3 to reflect the extent and severity of each damage mode. On preoperative, postoperative, and prerevision radiographs, overall alignment, femoral alignment, and tibial alignment in the coronal plane were measured according to the protocol recommended by the Knee Society. Knees with more overall varus alignment after TKA had increased total damage on the retrieved tibial inserts (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of −0.3 [95% CI, −0.4 to −0.1; p = 0.001]). We also found revised TKAs tended to drift back into greater varus before revision surgery, with a mean (SD) of 3.6° ± 4.0° valgus for postoperative alignment compared with 1.7° ± 6.4° prerevision (p = 0.04). Despite surgical efforts to achieve neutral mechanical alignment, remaining varus alignment places an increased contact load on the polyethylene articular surfaces. The drift toward further varus alignment postoperatively is consistent with the knee adduction moment remaining high after surgery. While we found a predisposition toward recurrence of the preoperative varus deformity, we did not find increased medial as opposed to lateral polyethylene damage, which may be explained by the curve-on-curve toroidal design of the articulating surfaces of the TKA implants in this study.
Intracardiac Echocardiography for Structural Heart and Electrophysiological Interventions

With an increasing number of interventional procedures performed for structural heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias each year, echocardiographic guidance is necessary for safe and efficient results. The purpose of this review article is to overview the principles of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and describes the peri-interventional role of ICE in a variety of structural heart disease and electrophysiological interventions. Both transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography have limitations. ICE provides the advantage of imaging from within the heart, providing shorter image distances and higher resolution. ICE may be performed without sedation and avoids esophageal intubation as with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Limitations of ICE include the need for additional venous access with possibility of vascular complications, potentially higher costs, and a learning curve for new operators. Data supports the use of ICE in guiding device closure of interatrial shunts, transseptal puncture, and electrophysiologic procedures. This paper reviews the more recent reports that ICE may be used for primary guidance or as a supplement to TEE in patients undergoing left atrial appendage (LAA) closure, interatrial shunt closure, transaortic valve implantation (TAVI), percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR), paravalvular leak (PVL) closure, aortic interventions, transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (tPVR), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. ICE imaging technology will continue to expand and help improve structural heart and electrophysiology interventions.
High-harmonic generation in solids using a mid-infrared sub-cycle pulse synthesizer

We generate high-order harmonics in silicon using a mid-infrared (2.5–9.0 µm) pulse synthesizer. Even and odd harmonics (~19th order) with few-cycle pulses and near-continuous spectra with sub-cycle pulses, indicating an isolated harmonic emission, are observed.
Digital Maturity: Perceiving the Digital-Panopticon [Last Word]

India's government is promoting numerous initiatives with the goal of transforming India into a digitally-empowered society. Over 100 smart cities are being planned. By 2020, India is expected to be the second largest nation of connected consumers. By 2025, India is likely to have 850 million users online. Rural communities, which account for two-thirds of India's population, are forecast to represent the most growth in connectivity. By 2020, rural users are likely to constitute over 50% of all connected consumers. For the 300 million people without electricity, the government is promising solar-power and battery banks to achieve electrification for all. Entrepreneurs, such as Agritech startups, are being empowered by the government to equip rural communities with such farmer-friendly technologies as low-cost, hand-held sensors to assess soil health, and drones to assess crops. The strategy is to double the incomes of farmers by 2022. As rural communities have opportunities to improve their living conditions and connect to the world, the social impact of technology will continue to transform society positively.
On the Apocryphal Nature of Inequity Distress

The basic assumptions of contemporary equity theories (e.g., Adams, 1963, 1965; Walster, Berscheid, & Walster, 1973) are that: (1) States of inequity lead to distress, and (2) Persons act so as to redress inequity cognitively or behaviorally in order to relieve their distress. Despite the fundamental nature of these assumptions, they have been the subject of surprisingly little empirical research, a situation that some observers have found disquieting.
Tissue-susceptibility matched carbon nanotube electrodes for magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Test disk electrodes were fabricated from carbon nanotubes (CNT) using the Carbon Nanotube Templated Microfabrication (CNT-M) technique. The CNT-M process uses patterned growth of carbon nanotube forests from surfaces to form complex patterns, enabling electrode sizing and shaping. The additional carbon infiltration process stabilizes these structures for further processing and handling. At a macroscopic scale, the electrochemical, electrical and magnetic properties, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the disk electrodes were investigated; their microstructure was also assessed. CNT disk electrodes showed electrical resistivity around 1 Ω·cm, charge storage capacity between 3.4 and 38.4 mC/cm2, low electrochemical impedance and magnetic susceptibility of −5.9 to −8.1 ppm, closely matched to that of tissue (∼−9 ppm). Phantom MR imaging experiments showed almost no distortion caused by these electrodes compared with Cu and Pt-Ir reference electrodes, indicating the potential for significant improvement in accurate tip visualization.
The Prevalence of Tandem Gait Abnormality in Parkinson’s Disease (P2.075)

Objective: to assess the prevalence of tandem gait (TG) abnormality in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), comparing Hoen and Yahr (HY) stages II and III. Background: Classically, as Parkinson’s disease (PD) progresses, patients develop antero-posterior instability detected by the pull test. Detecting this abnormality defines the transition from HY stages II and III. Historically, detecting a mediolateral balance impairment, via TG testing, in a patient with parkinsonism was considered a “red flag” for an atypical parkinsonism. Design/Methods: Our study protocol assessed subjective balance impairment, fall history, antero-posterior postural instability, and quantified TG abnormality in PD patients. To test TG, patients were asked to walk heel-to-toe for 10 consecutive steps with their arms at their sides and eyes open. The number of missteps in 10 were counted. Patients were allowed two trials, and the best performance was scored—as defined by the relevant sections of the UHDRS and SARA scales. Postural instability was defined by the pull test (MDS-UPDRS 3.12). We recorded the age, sex, current medications, HY stage, Schwab and England Scale and MOCA score for each patient. Patients with clinically apparent peripheral sensory neuropathy, gross orthopedic abnormality or concern for atypical PD were excluded. Results: 50 patients with PD were assessed, 23 woman and 27 men, from ages 52 to 81 years. 31 patients were HY 2; 5 patients HY 2.5; and 3 patients HY 3. 58% of HY 2 patients had a TG abnormality. 100% of HY stages 2.5 and 3 patients had a TG abnormality. Conclusions: TG abnormality is common in Parkinson’s disease patients and it preceded the development of anteroposterior balance instability in our cohort. Detecting a TG abnormality in a patient with PD may predict fall risk. A follow up longitudinal study will help determine if TG is a predictor of impending progression from HY2 to HY3. Disclosure: Dr. Margolesky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bette has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shpiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rundek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose.
Symptoms of depression and the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem.

Abstract Background and objectives While the role of explicit self-esteem (ESE) in depression has been well established, the relationship between implicit self-esteem (ISE) and depression is more uncertain. Recently, it has been suggested that a simultaneous consideration of both ESE and ISE may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the development and maintenance of depression than considering either ESE or ISE in isolation. The present paper tested whether the absolute discrepancy between ESE and ISE and the direction of the discrepancy are important factors to consider in relation to depressive symptoms. Methods 87 university students from the northeastern U.S. were recruited for the present study. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Implicit Association Test were used to assess participants’ severity of depressive symptoms, explicit self-esteem, and implicit self-esteem, respectively. Results Results revealed a negative association between ESE and symptoms of depression. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the degree of discrepancy between ISE and ESE and depression. However, this relationship was only found among participants with higher ISE than ESE (i.e., damaged self-esteem), but not among participants with higher ESE than ISE (i.e., defensive or fragile self-esteem). Conclusions While damaged self-esteem may be a meaningful marker of depressive symptoms, it should be noted that the association between symptoms of depression and the interaction of ISE and ESE may be driven primarily by the strong link between ESE and depression. As prior studies of ESE and ISE have not looked, specifically, at the relative contributions of both constructs, this issue needs further investigation in future research.
Coro y acción en La Dorotea: una posible cosmología.

espanolEl siguiente trabajo postula la existencia de una cosmologia en La Dorotea de Lope de Vega. Por “cosmologia” se entendera la existencia de un fundamento conceptual que justifica la union entre forma y contenido. Para ello se adoptara como marco teorico las doctrinas gnosticas populares en la Espana del Siglo de Oro. Primero se ilustrara de que manera el Coro y la Accion son dimensiones narrativas independientes y opuestas; luego se argumentara que la relacion entre estas dos dimensiones puede ser comprendida en analogia a la predeterminacion y el libre albedrio; finalmente, se propondra que el diseno de La Dorotea se fundamenta en el concepto de Redencion. EnglishIn this paper I suggest that there is a cosmology inside Lope de Vega's La Dorotea. By “cosmology” I mean a conceptual foundation that justifies the union between form and content. Popular gnostic doctrines in the Spanish Golden age period will provide the theoretical framework for this enterprise. Firstly, I will illustrate that Chorus and Action are independent and opposing narrative dimensions; secondly, I will claim that the relation between both dimensions can be understood through an analogy with predetermination and free will; lastly, I will argue that the design of La Dorotea is founded on the concept of Redemption.
Leaky-Wave Analysis of Wideband Planar Fabry–Pérot Cavity Antennas Formed by a Thick PRS

The radiation properties of wideband Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antennas have been investigated by studying the non-Foster behavior of the reflection coefficient phase of the thick partially reflective surface (PRS) forming the cavity. In order to better understand the performance of such cavities, we show for the first time that the wideband behavior can be explained via a unique dispersion characteristic of the dominant excited leaky-waves (LWs) inside such cavities. We derive new formulas that demonstrate the role of the LWs in forming wideband FPC antennas when the reflective phase of the PRS exhibits an increase with frequency within the band of operation.
Accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid in phosphatidylserine is selectively inhibited by chronic ethanol exposure in C-6 glioma cells.

Neuronal membranes are highly enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6n−3), and its content can be altered by ethanol consumption. We have previously reported that the 22∶6n−3 status in membrane affects the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid class which contains an exceptionally high proportion of 22∶6n−3. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on PS accumulation in relation to the 22∶6n−3 status. C-6 glioma cells were enriched with 25 μM 22∶6n−3 for 48 h and the PS accumulation was first evaluated in comparison to nonenriched cells as well as cells enriched with arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6). Electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that cells treated with 22∶6n−3 showed significantly higher accumulation of PS in comparison to nonenriched or 20∶4n−6-enriched cells, primarily due to an increase of 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphoserine (18∶0,22∶6-PS). Chronic ethanol exposure selectively affected the accumulation of PS in 22∶6n−3-enriched cells. After cells were exposed to 20 or 50 mM ethanol for 4 wk, accumulation of 18∶0,22∶6-PS upon 22∶6n−3 supplementation was significantly lower, resulting in a drastic reduction of total PS. Concomitantly, ethanol-treated cells showed lower incorporation of serine in comparison to control cells. From these data, it was concluded that supplementation of cells with 22∶6n−3 promotes the accumulation of PS and chronic ethanol treatment diminishes this effect at least in part through impaired serine incorporation processes. Attenuated accumulation of 22∶6n−3 in PS and the reduction of PS thus may have significant implications in pathophysiological effects of ethanol, especially in tissues with abundant 22∶6n−3.
Enhancing dependability and energy efficiency of cyber-physical systems by dynamic actuator derating

Abstract Thermal issues in the cyber part of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Heat generation due to energy consumption results in accelerated thermal damage to the processing units, reducing their lifetime. Fault tolerance contributes to a large fraction of this thermal behavior in CPS since it is implemented using redundant computations. This paper studies the use of dynamic actuator derating (i.e., artificially limiting the maximum actuator output) for reducing the need to apply maximum redundancy. By targeting the use of fault-tolerance, we are able to obtain significant reductions in computer energy expenditure and thermal stress without lowering the reliability. This has beneficial effects on processor lifetime as well as the required energy storage.
Implementing a multidisciplinary approach for older adults with Cancer: geriatric oncology in practice.

Evidence-based practice in geriatric oncology is growing, and national initiatives have focused on expanding cancer care and research to improve health outcomes for older adults. However, there are still gaps between knowledge and practice for older adults with cancer. Here we provide a detailed methodology of geriatric oncology care delivery within a single institution. The Cancer and Aging Resiliency (CARE) clinic is a multidisciplinary approach for implementing geriatric-driven health care for older adults with cancer. The CARE clinic was developed as a direct response to recommendations targeting key multifactorial geriatric health conditions (e.g. falls, nutritional deficits, sensory loss, cognitive impairment, frailty, multiple chronic conditions, and functional status). The multidisciplinary team assesses and delivers a comprehensive set of recommendations, all in one clinic visit, to minimize burden on the patient and the caregiver. The CARE clinic consultative model is a novel approach integrating cancer subspecialties with geriatric oncology healthcare delivery. Older adults with cancer have unique needs that are independent of routine oncology care. The CARE clinic model provides specific assessments and interventions to improve health outcomes among older adults with cancer.
Review of chemical syntheses of 7-keto-Δ5-sterols

Steroids bearing ketone functionality at carbon-7 are found commonly in nature, and the most prevalent of these are the 7-keto-Δ5-sterols. These substances have diverse biological properties and are present in biological samples and food products. For the purpose of studying this class of oxysterols, many chemical methods, involving the chemical oxidation of Δ5-sterols to the corresponding 7-keto-Δ5-sterols derivatives have been developed to produce these compounds. We have undertaken a review and evaluation of chemical methods for the synthesis of these compounds and have endeavored to enhance one of these procedures to yield products for chemical and biological investigations.
Thresholds and Ordeals: (Re)storying the Teacher’s Journey

This article explores the ways in which the language of the hero’s journey can serve as a heuristic for teachers at all stages of their professional experience. Teachers in Canada and the United St...