cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tree regeneration in black ash (Fraxinus nigra) stands exhibiting crown dieback in Minnesota

Crown dieback and mortality of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) has been noted across the range of the species in North America for several decades. Causes of dieback and mortality are not definitive, but may be related to spring drought or excessive moisture. Where black ash is the dominant tree species in the forest, continued dieback and mortality may result in open, non-forest systems in the future. There is only limited research that has examined tree regeneration in black ash-dominated forests and none in stands experiencing dieback and mortality. Such studies are needed to better understand likely successional dynamics of impacted stands. Our objective was to quantify tree regeneration of black ash and other species in stands with and without crown dieback and mortality, to elucidate potential successional trajectories with decline and loss of black ash. We assessed 54 stands in Minnesota exhibiting a range of black ash crown dieback and mortality. Dieback and mortality in the black ash sapling layer were positively correlated with the same condition in the overstory, suggesting that saplings may not replace dead overstory trees. The next most abundant sapling-sized species was speckled alder, a non-canopy species, indicating that replacement tree species for black ash are not currently abundant. Black ash seedling densities were generally low, suggesting that a pool of advance regeneration is not available to replace black ash. Other canopy potential species were limited in the seedling layer, while abundance of shrubs was generally high. Our results suggest a high potential for loss of a tree layer in these stands and conversion to open, shrub dominated systems.
Congenital hernia of Morgagni in infants and children.

Abstract Background Congenital Morgagni hernia (CMH) is very rare, comprising 3% to 5% of all types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia; and very little is written about it. Commonly, it is diagnosed during childhood but can remain asymptomatic till adulthood. In the pediatric age group, the presentation is usually vague and nonspecific leading to delay in diagnosis. Patients and Methods The medical records of all patients with the diagnosis of CMH treated at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed for age at diagnosis, sex, presenting symptoms, associated anomalies, diagnosis, operative findings, treatment, and outcome. Results During an 18-year period (January 1983 through December 2001), 20 cases with the diagnosis of CMH were treated at our hospital. There were 15 males and 5 females. Their age at time of diagnosis ranged from 28 days to 9 years (mean, 16 months), and most of them (65%) were younger than 1 year. Sixteen of them (80%) presented with recurrent chest infection, which most of them had had since early infancy. In 3 patients, Morgagni hernia was discovered after blunt abdominal trauma in one, after insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in another, and as a result of liver enlargement after splenectomy for β -thalassemia major in the third. Of the 20 patients, 9 had right-sided Morgagni hernia, 5 had left-sided, and 6 had bilateral hernias. In 4 of those with bilateral hernia, the diagnosis of bilaterality was made at the time of surgery. Associated anomalies were seen in 14 (70%) of our patients. Five (25%) had congenital heart disease, 4 (20%) had malrotation of bowel, and 3 (15%) had Down's syndrome. All our patients were operated on transabdominally (14 upper midline, 5 upper transverse) except for one who had a right thoracotomy. In all 3 was a hernial sac, which was excised, and the defect was repaired using nonabsorbable sutures. The contents of the hernial sac included colon, small intestines, part of the liver, and omentum, with the colon being the most common (80%). There was no mortality, and postoperatively all patients did well. One of our patients required postoperative ventilation for 5 days because of associated lung hypoplasia. Conclusions Congenital Morgagni hernia is very rare. The rarity, as well as the vague and nonspecific presentations, contributes to the delay in diagnosis. Commonly, the presentation in the pediatric age group is that of recurrent chest infection and rarely with gastrointestinal symptoms. Physicians caring for these patients should be aware of this, and a high index of suspicion is recommended to obviate delay in diagnosis with its associated morbidity. We advocate surgical repair even in asymptomatic patients. This is to obviate the risk of strangulation and colonic perforation. We also advocate a transabdominal approach via either an upper midline or an upper transverse incision. This allows easy reduction and inspection of contents, allows access and repair of bilateral hernias, and corrects an associated malrotation if present.
Viruses and protists cause similar bacterial mortality in coastal seawater

Mesocosms filled with 80 liters of coastal seawater from Santa Monica, California, were used twice (June and November) to budget bacterial production and loss, as well as to assess the relative significance of viral lysis and Protist grazing in bacterial mortality. Bacterial abundance was -6 x 1 O9 cells liter-l in June and 2 x 10” in November, with viral abundances -2 x lOlo particles liter-l in June and 1.5 x IO’O in November. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine and leucine yielded essentially identical production estimates and allowed calculation of total bacterial mortality in these closed systems. Bacterial growth rates were l-2 d--l in June and l-3 d-l in November. Three independent lines of evidence indicated that bacterial mortality attributed to grazing by protists was about equal to that attributed to viruses: size fractionation of disappearance of labeled DNA, with a 50% reduction after protists were removed; comparison of Protist grazing rates estimated with fluorescently labeled bacteria and virus production-based bacterial lysis rates, with 40-50% of the total ascribed to viruses; and model-based interpretation ofthe 3.3-4.6% ofbacteria visibly infected with assembled intracellular viruses, suggesting that 24-66% of loss is due to infection. Redundant production and loss measurements as well as the independent loss process estimates agreed within -30%, yielding a reasonably balanced budget. We believe the loss of bacteria to viruses reflects a significant dissipation of energy in this ecosystem and that viruses and protists contribute similarly to bacterial mortality.
Randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of erlotinib for prevention of oral cancer (EPOC).

6007 Background: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles predict oral cancer (OC) risk in patients (pts) with oral premalignant lesions (OPL). We conducted a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, personalized medicine trial of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in pts with OPLs defined as high risk by molecular criteria. Our primary hypothesis was that erlotinib would improve oral cancer-free survival (OCFS) in the high-risk, LOH+ population. Methods: Pts with histological evidence of an OPL (with or without a prior history of invasive OC) underwent LOH profiling at 3p14, 9p21, 4q, 8p, 11p, 13q, 17p. LOH+ pts were defined as those with prior OC and LOH at 3p14 and/or 9p21; or those without prior OC and LOH at 3p14 and/or 9p21 plus an additional chromosomal site. LOH- pts received no treatment. LOH+ pts were stratified by history of OC, then randomized (1:1) to erlotinib 150 mg po daily for 12 months or placebo and were assessed every 3-6 months for development of invasive OC. Primary endpoin...
Iliopsoas abscess due to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in a 26 day old neonate

(Received on 23 March 2014: Accepted after revision on 30 May 2014) On examination, child was febrile (101 F) with no skin sepsis and stable vital parameters. There was a palpable non mobile lump in left iliac fossa. Left thigh was swollen diffusely up to mid-thigh with no definite mass. Ultrasound scan (USS) revealed left iliopsoas abscess (IPA) with inconclusive extent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a multiloculated abscess extending into upper thigh (Figure 1).
A Corporate University Approach to National Security Space Education

This paper desribes the elements of a cor porate university approach to National Security Space Education, including: the driving factors and design of the overall space education curriculum (including “technical specialty” and “systems” components); the implementation of an in -house “certificate program” for systems architecting, systems acquisition, and space systems engineering skills development; the development and utilization of E -learning resources; and the exploitation of in -house -developed space education courses for delivery to NSS custom ers and community. In addition, the paper will discuss the evaluation of the approach in terms of its overall effectiveness/value, and provide a summary of continuing issues and key lessons -learned in its implementation. I. Introduction n the current envi ronment of greater complexity/rising costs associated with National Security Space missions, systems and technologies, development and maintenance of the corporate workforce capabilities needed to deal with these challenges is critical. While effective co rporate recruiting plans/practices constitute a vital “front line of defense,” the need to properly orient and continually educate not only corporate employees but customers and the broader community as well on the latest perspectives, methods, and develop ments associated with “NSS Space” is rapidly growing. As a result, many corporations are placing stronger demands on their in -house training and education organizations to develop and deliver cost -effective “space education” solutions that are tailored to the unique job environment and skills needs of the national security space professional workforce. In particular, educational solutions are sought that exploit the inherent knowledge and experience of “in -house” corporate engineering/scientific staff in a ddition to the more “fundamental -theory -oriented” continuing education programs and curricula typically offered by academia. To address this situation at The Aerospace Corporation, an integrated approach to space education has been developed and implement ed by The Aerospace Institute (the company’s “corporate university”) for the design, delivery, and exploitation of in -house learning opportunities and resources supporting the corporation’s engineers and scientists in addition to Aerospace customers and th e broader National Security Space community.
A Multi-Disciplinary Integrated Design Environment for Requirements Development and Performance Evaluation of Autonomous Systems

This paper lays out a methodology for evaluating system-level requirements feasibility during System-of-Systems (SoS) conceptual design, especially in the absence of historical data, and simultaneously documents the methodology’s application to the design of small aerial vehicles. Developed as part of a larger effort to set requirements for autonomous robots operating to support combat troops in urban environments or otherwise complex terrain, the methodology manifests itself in a parametric, interactive, and virtual design environment. The proposed approach relies on a comprehensive set of parametric models to estimate subsystem performance characteristics from user-supplied subsystem design parameters. These models are then integrated such that, through optimization and the use of response surface methodology, the system-level performance characteristics can be rapidly computed. This allows the environment’s user to visualize design tradeoffs across the entire design space, quantify the sensitivity of system-level performance measures to subsystem design parameters, and evaluate the feasibility of system-level requirements. It will be shown that, in the current application, this methodology allows the designer to identify the feasible portion of the system-level design space and thereby dramatically narrow the scope of future SoS design efforts. IMADE (Integrated MAST Analysis and Design Environment) is a GUI– based implementation of the methodology as it was applied to the design of small aerial vehicles. Example analyses from IMADE demonstrate that a quadrotor designed for a hypothetical 10-minute reconnaissance mission will need to be approximately a third of a meter wide but could shrink to a quarter of a meter wide if only the lidar were excluded. These analyses also show that the quadrotor is capable of transmitting video for hours if perched in position and will be visible from hundreds of meters away.
Delayed Blood Coagulation and Absence of Clot Retraction in Collodion Lined Vessels

Summary and ConclusionsThe coagulation time of normal human blood on a collodion surface is longer than the coagulation time on a paraffin surface even though the force of adhesion between blood an...
Efficacy of mosquito prevention from blood sucking

Objective To introduce a new method which tested efficacy of mosquito prevention from blood sucking. Methods Applying the method by two net box linked with a met tube. The tests observing efficacy of prevention mosquito from blood sucking were carried out during initial stages and end stages after repellent mosquito device electrified. The repellent mosquito device could be used uninterrupted 84 hours. Results The rate of protected effect was 100%. Conclusion The product had very good protected effect. According to tentative evaluated standard, the grade of tested results was A . The method was feasible for same professional when tested same device.
Self-supporting Stability Analysis of Excavated Foundation with Expanded Bottom in Undisturbed Soil

On the basis of Protodyakonov's theory and soil mechanics theory,stability analysis model for excavated foundation with expanded bottom is developed,and formulae and limit arch height satisfying stability requirements are derived.Using typical engineering project as an example,the stability problem of bottom expansion of excavated foundation in undisturbed soil is analyzed and summarized.By comparing calculated results with practices,it is shown that the analytical model is feasible,and can provide a computation means for quantifying whether the excavated foundation with expanded bottom is applicable for the site.
Using GIFT to Support an Empirical Study on the Impact of the Self-Reference Effect on Learning.

A study is reported in which participants gained experience with deductive reasoning and learned how to complete logic grid puzzles through a computerized tutorial. The names included in the clues and content of the puzzle varied by condition. The names present throughout the learning experience were either the participant’s own name, and the names of two friends; the names of characters from a popular movie/book series (Harry Potter); or names that were expected to have no relationship to the individual participant (which served as a baseline). The experiment was administered using the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT). GIFT was used to provide surveys, open the experimental programs in PowerPoint, open external web-sites, synchronize a Q-sensor, and extract experimental data. The current paper details the study that was conducted, discusses the benefits of using GIFT, and offers recommendations for future improvements to GIFT.
A Geography of the Lifeworld: Movement, Rest and Encounter

A Geography of the Lifeworld: Movement, Rest and Encounter. By David Seamon. 227 pp.; diagrs., bibliog., index. New York: Routledge, 2015. London: Croon Helm, 1979. $140.00 (cloth), isbn 9781138885...
Investigation of M2 Proton Channel in Membrane by Rapid Laser pH-Jump Technique with TRP Fluorescence as a Probe

Protonsplay a central role in many important biological processes such as ATP synthesis, viral infection, and cellular transportation. The mechanism and kinetics of these fast proton-related processes could be studied by the rapid laser-induced pH-jump technique, utilizing photo-acids which can release protons in 20 ns. Many researchers have used the laser pH-jump technique to investigate kinetics of protein folding, acid denature, or EGFP chromophore protonation in sub-millisecond time regime, but there has been no laser pH-jump study about membrane proteins to date, although many proton-related processes such as cellular transportation and ATP synthesis are associated with membrane and channel proteins. In this study, therefore, the laser pH-jump experiment on a membrane protein, Influenza A M2 proton channel (M2), was first demonstrated. In the pH-jump experiment with a membrane, it was observed that the local proton concentration on the membrane surface was higher than bulk solution because of the interaction between membrane and photo-acid, resulting in faster protonation kinetics than in bulk solution. Moreover, we first utilized Trp fluorescence as a probe for laser pH-jump, expanding on its capability. By observing the Trp fluorescence change of M2, sub-millisecond time scale kinetics of M2 activation process was measured upon rapid acidification. Trp fluorescence change could be described by a double exponential decay function, indicating that the first exponential is attributed to histidine protonation and the second is associated with subsequent conformational change. The V27A mutant of M2 showed faster overall kinetics than WT due to the lack of valine neck. We believe that our results advance our mechanistic knowledge of the M2 activation and could pave the way for the investigation of dynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of other proton-related processes.
Globetrotting Students and Faculty: Adapting Library Instruction to Global Sites

ABSTRACTAs e-resources become more ubiquitous, and the technologies available to access them more sophisticated, libraries have greater opportunities to reach out to global users. However, this same distance means that some users never even set foot in a physical library. This case study will describe how one large academic library started a business, economics, and marketing library online instruction pilot for global users in an effort to replicate library instruction offered at the home institution. Librarians assessed global library use and research needs; prepared unique lesson plans for each global site; and created digital learning objects using synchronous and asynchronous methods to establish an instruction strategy for Business and Economics courses. The goal was to test instruction practices and develop an online instruction template that would be replicable and sustainable for library instruction in other subject areas in New York University Libraries and other institutions.
The Effects of Gender on Winnowing in the U.S. House of Representatives

Notwithstanding the importance of winnowing, scholars have devoted little attention to deciphering and systematically explaining the effects that gender may have on determining which small proportion of bills ultimately receive committee attention from the thousands that are introduced every legislative session. Building on past research evincing gendered differences in legislative behavior and effectiveness, this study analyzes the 111th and 112th Congresses in order to ascertain the extent to which gender affects winnowing in the U.S. House of Representatives. The findings suggest that female lawmakers are working hard to achieve legislative success by sponsoring a greater number of bills than their male colleagues, but that their efforts are not being similarly rewarded. Female sponsored bills fail to progress past the winnowing stage at rates comparable to male sponsored bills. Thus, policymaking may be skewed toward the preferences of male lawmakers despite the numeric and positional gains of women in the U.S. Congress.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis Strains on Growth, Immune Parameters, and Streptococcus iniae Susceptibility in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic-amended diets fed to juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on growth and susceptibility to Streptococcus iniae infection. Fish (average weight 16.5 ± 0.2 g) were fed five diets formulated with Bacillus subtilis strains SB3086, SB3295, SB3615, or AP193 either individually or in combination of strains SB3086 and SB3615 at a targeted concentration of approximately 4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/g of feed or with a basal control diet with no additives for 21 d. After the 21-d growth trial, no significant difference in growth performance was observed with any probiotic-amended diet. Results from serum bactericidal activity showed a significant difference between treatments and the control (P = 0.0002), except for the SB3295-amended diet (P = 0.9020). Lysozyme activity was also significantly different in fish fed probiotic diets from those fed control diet (P = 0.0001). After 21 d of feeding, fish were challenged with S. iniae by intraperitoneal injection at a dosage of 8 × 106 CFU per fish. Results from the challenge also showed a significant difference between treatments and control (P = 0.0001). Overall, fish fed with strain SB3615 showed the lowest percent mortality (44.0 ± 7.2%) and those fed the control diet showed the highest mortality (77.3 ± 7.0%). The combined feeding with strains SB3086 and SB3615 did not result in any significant difference in reducing mortality because of S. iniae infection in juvenile Nile tilapia when compared with the individual probiotic treatments.
Diabat Interpolation for Polymorph Free-Energy Differences.

Existing methods to compute free-energy differences between polymorphs use harmonic approximations, advanced non-Boltzmann bias sampling techniques, and/or multistage free-energy perturbations. This work demonstrates how Bennett’s diabat interpolation method (J. Comput. Phys. 1976, 22, 245) can be combined with energy gaps from lattice-switch Monte Carlo techniques (Phys. Rev. E 2000, 61, 906) to swiftly estimate polymorph free-energy differences. The new method requires only two unbiased molecular dynamics simulations, one for each polymorph. To illustrate the new method, we compute the free-energy difference between face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic polymorphs for a Gaussian core solid. We discuss the justification for parabolic models of the free-energy diabats and similarities to methods that have been used in studies of electron transfer.
La Biblia completa del Marqués de Santillana

The Bible of the Marquis of Santillana has been partially preserved in two fragments: manuscript BNE MSS/10288, with the Latter Prophets and some Writings, and BNE MSS/9556, with the Gospels and Pauline Epistles. It is assumed that a first volume, now lost, contained the rest of the Bible. By means of detailed textual comparisons and a computational analysis of authorship, we show that the missing parts had been preserved in the codex Escorial I.i.4. Likewise, we offer a reconstruction of the contents of the lost volume along with evidence that the entire Bible was translated from Hebrew and Latin by the Jewish convert to Christianity Martin de Lucena.
How to Improve Coding for Open-Ended Survey Data: Lessons from the ANES

Open-ended responses to survey questions hold the promise of being able to provide some of the richest and most detailed data that can be collected with surveys. However, in order to quantify the information contained in open-ended responses, researchers must make decisions about how that information should be coded. In any case, some information will be lost, but this loss can often be controlled and shaped by the researcher that makes the coding decisions. This chapter draws on the extensive codebook generation process undertaken by the American National Election Studies (ANES) to demonstrate how important it is that great care be taken to produce detailed codebooks and ensure that those codes are accurately applied to the open-ended responses.
PrivacyManager: An access control framework for mobile augmented reality applications

Smartphone-based augmented reality (AR) applications like the Pokemon Go game are increasingly popular. These applications make extensive use of the smartphone's camera, which may pose a privacy problem as the camera may capture sensitive images or audio information. In this paper, we present PrivacyManager, a framework that allows application developers and domain administrators to control potentially privacy-invading functionality of mobile AR applications when faced with undesirable environmental factors. Using contextual information about a user's environment, such as network signals, ambient light and sound, location, and other inputs, our framework is able to inform subscribing applications of conditions which violate a set of pre-configured constraints. This functionality is available to the subscribing applications with a minimum of processing overhead, including additional performance enhancements to streamline location-awareness with as little resource consumption as possible.
Prospective mathematics teacher preparation: exploring the use of service learning as a field experience

The See Blue Mathematics Clinic provides prospective teachers an authentic teaching environment via a service learning experience. In this qualitative study, the authors examine how a service learning course prepares prospective secondary mathematics teachers (n = 55) to teach students who struggle in mathematics. Data collected from reflection essays and interviews revealed the impact the service learning experience had on prospective secondary mathematics teachers and how it notably influenced their instruction. The results of this study add to the growing evidence for teacher preparation programs to create additional field experiences to better prepare future teachers.
The Yin and Yang of Low-Dose Radiobiology

Two conflicting phenomena, bystander effect and adaptive response, are important in determining the biological responses at low doses of radiation and have the potential to impact the shape of the dose-response relationship. Using the Columbia University charged-particle microbeam and the highly sensitive human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells mutagenic assay, we show here that nonirradiated cells acquire mutagenesis through direct contact with cells whose nuclei have been traversed with a lethal dose of 20 alpha (α-)particles each. Pretreatment of cells with a low dose of X-rays 4 h before α-particle irradiation significantly decreased this bystander mutagenic response. Although adaptive response is largely protective in nature and the bystander response, in general, signifi es detrimental effects, the two processes share many common characteristics. There is evidence that extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), nuclear factor-ΚB, cytokines, and mitochondrial functions play an important role in the bystander effects. However, all these signaling events are applicable to the adaptive response as well. These data suggest a common lineage between these two stress-related phenomena. A better understanding of how these two effects interact at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels will address some of the pressing issues on target size, radiation dose response, and, ultimately, low dose risk assessment.
Anomalous Dynamics and High Tc

A discussion is presented of the role of anharmonic lattice motion in enhancing the superconducting transition temperature in high T c systems. In particular, the role of double-well motion and the manner in which it can enhance the Rowell-Dynes coupling constant λ are discussed. Evidence for such motion is presented in the general context of the unusual dynamics of ionic molecular solids. Finally, we discuss recent experimental and theoretical findings which increasingly indicate that high T c can be understood within an extended form of the BCS theory.
Third-Culture Building: A Paradigm Shift for International and Intercultural Communication

Western/Northern scholars have developed models of communication and rhetoric that have been based on persuasion, logic, and the exertion of influence over listeners by well-trained, skilled speakers and writers. On the other hand, foundations for different, nontraditional approaches have been made available for some time, in both the United States and Europe. They can assist us in developing a new model for human interactions, based on mutual respect, concern, and the development of new processes for sharing the limited resources found in a given environment A reexamination of contemporary international and intercultural affairs presents powerful reasons for paradigms that are more responsive to existing needs. The building of third cultures represents one situation in which individuals Find it necessary to make important responses to their environment as well as to human needs within that environment. These responses can be based on mutually developed values, communication, and organizational systems, r...
Paying for Drugs After the Medicare Part D Beneficiary Reaches the Catastrophic Limit: Lessons on Cost Sharing from Other US Policy Partnerships Between Government and Commercial Industry

In 2018, the Medicare Part D catastrophic threshold is $5000 in out-of-pocket total drug spending incurred by the beneficiary. Above this, Medicare pays 80%, prescription drug plans (PDPs) pay 15%, and beneficiaries pay a 5% copay. However, recent growth in catastrophic spending is caused by expensive specialty drugs. The 5% copay, on top of out-of-pocket spending, could result in beneficiaries not accessing specialty drugs. To assist beneficiaries, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) proposes to eliminate beneficiary catastrophic cost sharing, while PDPs pay 80% and Medicare pays 20%. Our objective was to assess other government cost-sharing approaches and consider how they would affect pharmaceutical access, PDP Part D incentives, and pharmaceutical innovation. We reviewed published literature and government reports on cost sharing between US government divisions or between government and private commercial entities. We discussed their cost-sharing applicability to Part D. We found that the US government has utilized numerous cost-sharing approaches to enhance public–private partnerships. We reviewed four cost-sharing arrangements and their applicability to Medicare: the Byrd-Bond Amendment to the Clean Air Act—Medicare bulk purchases drugs costing $8000 + ; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)—cost sharing based on high-risk markets; the Ryan White Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act—grants to PDPs in high-risk markets and grants to beneficiaries who cannot afford drugs; and the Department of Veterans Affairs—drug price negotiation for expensive drugs. In conclusion, a variety of federal cost-sharing approaches provide precedent for altering PDP cost sharing. The government tends to prefer options that have been tried elsewhere.
Incorporating integrative healthcare into interprofessional education: What do primary care training programs need?

Abstract The National Center for Integrative Primary Healthcare was established to support the incorporation of competency- and evidence-based Integrative Health (IH) curricula into educational programs in a movement toward interprofessional IH patient care. IH is healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the whole person, including all aspects of lifestyle, emphasizes the therapeutic relationship between practitioner and patient, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapies, conventional and complementary. A primary goal of the Center was to design an IH online course appropriate for interprofessional education. A study assessing the potential of and need for incorporating IH into interprofesional education was conducted. A survey was sent to educational programs to identify core IH competencies, curriculum priorities, and implementation barriers. Respondents (N = 422) were from complementary and integrative health (40%), primary care medical residencies (27%), nursing (9%), and pharmacy (9%). Patient-centered care and working interprofessionally were highest rated competencies. Highest rated content included nutrition/diet, patient-provider communication, behavior change, patient-centered care, physical activity and lifestyle counseling. Most (90%) felt it was important to offer IH content during their professional training. Time constraints, budget, and faculty expertise were the top barriers. The results demonstrated substantial interest and need for an interprofessional IH course. Common content areas and core IH competencies were identified.
Affordance Analysis of Virtual and Augmented Reality Mediated Communication.

Virtual and augmented reality communication platforms are seen as promising modalities for next-generation remote face-to-face interactions. Our study attempts to explore non-verbal communication features in relation to their conversation context for virtual and augmented reality mediated communication settings. We perform a series of user experiments, triggering nine conversation tasks in 4 settings, each containing corresponding non-verbal communication features. Our results indicate that conversation types which involve less emotional engagement are more likely to be acceptable in virtual reality and augmented reality settings with low-fidelity avatar representation, compared to scenarios that involve high emotional engagement or intellectually difficult discussions. We further systematically analyze and rank the impact of low-fidelity representation of micro-expressions, body scale, head pose, and hand gesture in affecting the user experience in one-on-one conversations, and validate that preserving micro-expression cues plays the most effective role in improving bi-directional conversations in future virtual and augmented reality settings.
Gender differences among surgical fellowship program directors.

Abstract Background Although women are increasingly represented in American surgery, data regarding sex and academic rank of the leadership of fellowship programs are lacking. Methods Demographics and academic ranks for fellowship program directors were analyzed for 811 surgery fellowship programs across 14 specialties. Associations between academic rank and sex were assessed using a χ2 independence test. Correlation between subspecialty compensation and percentage of female fellowship program directors was assessed using Pearson r. Results Women represented 18% of all fellowship program directors. Eighteen percent of fellowship program directors were assistant professors (25% women vs 17% men, P = .049), 36% were associate professors (39% women vs 35% men, P = .379), and 46% were full professors (36% women vs 48% men, P = .018). The percentage of women program directors was greatest in breast surgery (65%) and least in minimally invasive surgery (6%). There was a negative correlation between subspecialty compensation and percentage of female fellowship program directors (r = –0.62, P = .04). Conclusion Women are underrepresented among surgery fellowship program directors. Female fellowship program directors had lesser academic ranks compared with males. It remains unclear whether women surgeons achieve program director appointments at lesser academic ranks or if promotion among fellowship program directors is influenced by sex.
A Software-Defined Retransmission Mechanism to Manage Real-Time Traffic in Wi-Fi Networks.

In several application contexts, keeping transmission latencies on a wireless network bounded is required. When high bandwidth is additionally demanded, IEEE 802.11 is certainly a reasonable choice. Reliable data delivery is customarily achieved through automatic retransmission upon errors. In Wi-Fi, retries are managed in hardware by adapters. Unfortunately, this constrains the possible sequences with which messages are sent on air, which increases latency and worsens communication determinism. Previous works showed that such limitations can be overcome by having frames retransmissions managed in software by conventional user-space applications. To do so, slight modifications are needed to device drivers to provide the required functions.
Electrospinning of Tyrosine‐based Oligopeptides: Self‐Assembly or Forced Assembly?

Short oligomeric peptides typically do not exhibit the entanglements required for the formation of nanofibers via electrospinning. In this study, the synthesis of nanofibers composed of tyrosine-based dipeptides via electrospinning, has been demonstrated. The morphology, mechanical stiffness, biocompatibility, and stability under physiological conditions of such biodegradable nanofibers were characterized. The electrospun peptide nanofibers have diameters less than 100 nm and high mechanical stiffness. Raman and infrared signatures of the peptide nanofibers indicate that the electrostatic forces and solvents used in the electrospinning process lead to secondary structures different from self-assembled nanostructures composed of similar peptides. Crosslinking of the dipeptide nanofibers using 1,6-diisohexanecyanate (HMDI) improved the physiological stability, and initial biocompatibility testing with human and rat neural cell lines indicate no cytotoxicity. Such electrospun peptides open up a realm of biomaterials design with specific biochemical compositions for potential biomedical applications such as tissue repair, drug delivery, and coatings for implants.
The other side of assimilation: how immigrants are changing American life: by Tomás Jiménez, Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2017, 275 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN: -13-978-0520295704

The Other Side of Assimilation: How Immigrants are Changing American Life focuses on three distinct, yet interrelated immigrant communities in and around San Jose, California; Cupertino, East Palo ...
Implementing binary neural networks in memory with approximate accumulation

Processing in-memory (PIM) has shown great potential to accelerate the inference tasks of binarized neural networks (BNNs) by reducing data movement between processing units and memory. However, existing PIM architectures require analog/mixed-signal circuits that do not scale with the CMOS technology. On the contrary, we propose BitNAP (Binarized neural network acceleration with in-memory ThreSholding), which performs optimization at operation, peripheral, and architecture levels for an efficient BNN accelerator. BitNAP supports row-parallel bitwise operations in crossbar memory by exploiting the switching of 1-bit bipolar resistive devices and a unique hybrid tunable thresholding operation. In order to reduce the area overhead of sensing-based operations, BitNAP presents a memory sense amplifier sharing scheme and also, a novel operation pipelining to reduce the latency overhead of sharing. We evaluate the efficiency of BitNAP on the MNIST and ImageNet datasets using popular neural networks. BitNAP is on average 1.24× (10.7×) faster and 185.6× (10.5×) more energy-efficient as compared to the state-of-the-art PIM accelerator for simple (complex) networks.
Ridge rerandomization: An experimental design strategy in the presence of covariate collinearity

Abstract Randomization ensures that observed and unobserved covariates are balanced, on average. However, randomizing units to treatment and control often leads to covariate imbalances in realization, and such imbalances can inflate the variance of estimators of the treatment effect. One solution to this problem is rerandomization – an experimental design strategy that randomizes units until some balance criterion is fulfilled – which yields more precise estimators of the treatment effect if covariates are correlated with the outcome. Most rerandomization schemes in the literature utilize the Mahalanobis distance, which may not be preferable when covariates are high-dimensional or highly correlated with each other. As an alternative, we introduce an experimental design strategy called ridge rerandomization, which utilizes a modified Mahalanobis distance that addresses collinearities among covariates. This modified Mahalanobis distance has connections to principal components and the Euclidean distance, and – to our knowledge – has remained unexplored. We establish several theoretical properties of this modified Mahalanobis distance and our ridge rerandomization scheme. These results guarantee that ridge rerandomization is preferable over randomization and suggest when ridge rerandomization is preferable over standard rerandomization schemes. We also provide simulation evidence that suggests that ridge rerandomization is particularly preferable over typical rerandomization schemes in high-dimensional or high-collinearity settings.
Universal Extension Classes for GL 2

In this note we give a new existence proof for the universal extension classes for G L 2 previously constructed by Friedlander and Suslin via the theory of strict polynomial functors. The key tool in our approach is a calculation of Parker showing that, for suitable choices of coefficient modules, the Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence for S L 2 relative to its first Frobenius kernel stabilizes at the E 2-page. Consequently, we obtain a new proof that if G is an infinitesimal subgroup scheme of G L 2, then the cohomology ring H∙(G,k) of G is a finitely-generated noetherian k-algebra.
Lithium stripping: anisotropic evolution and faceting of pits revealed by operando 3-D microscopy

A critical challenge that hinders the development of next-generation lithium (Li) metal batteries is the poor reversibility of Li plating and stripping. This study explores the dynamic evolution of Li metal surface morphology during stripping. A platform for operando focus variation microscopy is presented and used to reveal strong anisotropy and faceting in surface pits, which correlates with surface microstructure. Specifically, this study: (1) maps out the dynamic morphological evolution of individual pits in 3-dimensions; (2) demonstrates anisotropic pit expansion in both in-plane and through-plane directions; (3) correlates anisotropy with surface grain boundaries and crystallographic texture; and (4) demonstrates faceted edges in pits, which align within individual grain orientations. The results presented provide greater insight into the fundamental nature of Li stripping reactions and raise new questions about the role of microstructure in reversible cycling of Li metal.
Surgical Technique and Outcomes of Reconstruction for Blauth Type III Thumb Hypoplasia.

BackgroundHistorically, amputation and pollicization has been the recommended surgical treatment for Blauth type III hypoplastic thumbs. However, due to aesthetic objections or cultural preferences...
Precedence Plots, Coordinated Criteria, and Rank Relations

Visualization is an important part of conveying the logic of a prioritization to constituent stakeholders (Bruggemann and Patil 2010; Bruggemann et al. 2003). Therefore, we exploit the concept of trapezoidal triplet (see Fig. 6.1) to prepare an innovative precedence plot before going forward with comparison of contingents in terms of ORDITs under alternative rating regimes (Myers and Patil 2010).
Topographic-Specific Axon Branching Controlled by Ephrin-As Is the Critical Event in Retinotectal Map Development

The retinotectal projection is the predominant model for studying molecular mechanisms controlling development of topographic axonal connections. Our analyses of topographic mapping of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in chick optic tectum indicate that a primary role for guidance molecules is to regulate topographic branching along RGC axons, a process that imposes unique requirements on the molecular control of map development. We show that topographically appropriate connections are established exclusively by branches that form along the axon shaft. Initially, RGC axons overshoot their appropriate termination zone (TZ) along the anterior-posterior (A-P) tectal axis; temporal axons overshoot the greatest distance and nasal axons the least, which correlates with the nonlinear increasing A-P gradient of ephrin-A repellents. In contrast, branches form along the shaft of RGC axons with substantial A-P topographic specificity. Topography is enhanced through the preferential arborization of appropriately positioned branches and elimination of ectopic branches. Using a membrane stripe assay and time-lapse microscopy, we show that branches form de novo along retinal axons. Temporal axons preferentially branch on their topographically appropriate anterior tectal membranes. After the addition of soluble EphA3-Fc, which blocks ephrin-A function, temporal axons branch equally on anterior and posterior tectal membranes, indicating that the level of ephrin-As in posterior tectum is sufficient to inhibit temporal axon branching and generate branching specificity in vitro. Our findings indicate that topographic branch formation and arborization along RGC axons are critical events in retinotectal mapping. Ephrin-As inhibit branching along RGC axons posterior to their correct TZ, but alone cannot account for topographic branching and must cooperate with other molecular activities to generate appropriate mapping along the A-P tectal axis.
Tributylstannane (Bu3SnH)-Catalyzed Barton-McCombie Deoxygenation of Alcohols: 3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-Bis-O-(1-Methylethylidene)-α-D-Ribo-Hexofuranose

3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-α-D-ribo-hexanose R 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose; Phenylchlorothionoformate I 1,2:5,6-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-O-phenyl carbonothioate-α-D-glucofuranose 1 P B-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-α-D-ribo-hexofuranose 2 Keywords: acetals; carbohydrate derivatives; esters, substituted monobasic acids, miscellaneous; heterocycles, five-membered, one oxygen; heterocycles, five-membered, two oxygen; sulfur compounds; acylation; acetals; carbohydrate derivatives; reduction, miscellaneous; replacement reactions, hydroxy by hydrogen; Barton-McCombie deoxygenation of alcohols; organometallic compounds, tin; benzene, cancer suspect agent
Mössbauer study of the hyperfine fields at Fe sites in orthorhombic Fe3C1−xBx

The orthorhombic Fe3C1−xBx system (0.6 < x < 0.8) was studied by Mossbauer Effect Spectroscopy at both 100K and room temperature. The data were analyzed by both assuming the existence of two and four hyperfine field distributions in the Mossbauer spectra. The extrapolation of our results to x=1 give values of 268 kOe and 238 kOe for the hyperfine field values at the crystallographic inequivalent Fe sites I and II in orthorhombic Fe3B. These results are in good agreement with the values previously reported by Choo and Kaplow/1/.
Effect of dietary galactose on lysosomal enzymes in the chick.

The effect of feeding diets containing toxic levels of D-galactose ( 50% w/w) on lysosomal enzymes in young male chicks was investigated. The total activities of 0-N-acetylhexosaminidase, AŸ-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase were increased in livers of chicks fed galactose by 47%, 46% and 27%, lespectively, relative to corresponding activities in livers of control chicks. In contrast, no differences in lysosomal enzyme activities of chick kidney were observed between dietary groups. Liver total /3-N-acetylhexosaminidase activities increased and remained elevated during the period of con sumption of the galactose-containing diet and for 2 days after transferring to the galactose-free control diet. Plasma hexosaminidase activities increased as a result of galactose feeding. Liver lysosomes from chicks fed galactose demonstrated enhanced fragility to hypo-osmotic sucrose solutions in comparison with behavior of liver lysosomes isolated from control animals. The increased lability to osmotic shock could be simulated by preincubation of lysosomes from normal chicks in solutions of high levels (50 HIM) of either galactose or glucose. Diurnal variations in plasma levels of p-N-acetylhexosaminidase of chicks raised on a 12-hour light-dark cycle (lights, 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM) were highest at 10:00 PM to 2:00 AM and lowest at 2:00 PM, whereas in the liver, they were highest at 6:00 AM and lowest at 10:00 AM. J. Nutr. 104: 943-951, 1974.