cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Unmet Need for Services for Pediatric Undernutrition

Abstract Evaluation and treatment of undernourished children in Massachusetts has been provided since 1984 by the seven outpatient Growth and Nutrition (GN) Clinics administered by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH). This study explored the potential unmet need for nutritional services among low-income, multiethnic children ages birth to 36 months presenting to an inner-city pediatric emergency department (ED). During March 1992, staff obtained weight and stature on all children under 36 months of age brought to the ED. A structured interview questionnaire obtained data on demographic characteristics, birth history, and participation in means-tested federal benefit programs and MDPH GN Clinics. Among 252 children with complete anthropometric data, 22 (8.9%) had at least one anthropometric index (weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height) below the fifth percentile. Birthweights < 2500 g were reported by 18.5% of caregivers; 58% of children with height-for-age less than the fifth percentile and 63% of those with weight-for-age less than the fifth percentile were low birthweight (LBW) (Fisher's exact test, P < .002 and P < .006, respectively). Thirteen percent of families had no health insurance, and 77.1% received Medicaid. Among 22 children with anthropometry less than the fifth percentile, one half to three quarters participated in federally funded programs including Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC), and Food Stamps, but only 11% had been referred to the GN Clinics. These findings suggest that federal means-tested benefit programs and MDPH GN Clinic services were underused by groups at nutritional risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mariculture of the toadfish Opsanus tau.

In response to declining stocks of toadfish in local waters around Cape Cod, Massachusetts, a toadfish mariculture program was initiated in the summer of 1998 (1); the aims were to provide researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) with sufficient numbers (approximately 400 per year) of this valuable biomedical research model (2, 3) while lessening pressure on native stocks. The goal was
18F-FDG-PET/CT therapy assessment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Impact on management and utilization of quantitative parameters for patient survival prediction

OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the impact of therapy assessment PET/computed tomography (CT) scan on the management of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC), and the value of qualitative versus quantitative PET/CT interpretation for patient outcome prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two LAPC patients were retrospectively included. PET/CT was performed at a median of 4.6 weeks after completion of chemo ± radiotherapy to assess the primary treatment response. PET was interpreted visually using a qualitative five-point scale (Hopkins criteria for therapy assessment). Quantitative PET parameters including maximum and peak standardized uptake value (SUV max and SUV peak), total lesion glycolysis, and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were also measured using the gradient segmentation method. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were followed up until death. Therapy assessment PET/CT led to a change in the overall management of 22 (52.4%) patients, prompting surgical resection (eight patients), adding radiation therapy (eight patients), or starting palliative chemotherapy (six patients). The median survival in patients with a negative or a positive PET scan, according to the Hopkins criteria, was 14.6 and 8.7 months, respectively (P=0.06). The median quantitative thresholds of SUV peak 2.64 [hazard ratio (HR)=2.67, P=0.03], total lesion glycolysis 44.0 g (HR=2.64, P=0.005), and MTV 24.7 ml (HR=2.57, P=0.008) were significant predictors of overall survival. Using combined quantitative scoring, patients with high SUV peak and high MTV (>median cut point) had a 5.45-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.76-16.87) increased risk for death compared with those with both low SUV peak and MTV (the reference group). CONCLUSION PET-based volumetric parameters can predict survival outcomes of patients with LAPC. A combined quantitative PET/CT scoring system provides significantly improved prognostication.
Investigação em Serviço Social: o futuro no presente. Reflexões em torno do processo de construção de conhecimento científico português

O debate em torno do processo de construcao do conhecimento cientifico em servico social esta lancado. A classe procura novos fundamentos que permitam, num cenario de mutacoes estruturais, fortalecer a identidade profissional numa optica de combate aos vestigios de segregacao intelectual que os constrangimentos historicos – institucionais deixaram. Isento de pretensiosismo, este trabalho procura esbocar uma estrategia de investigacao para a conciliacao e coordenacao do trabalho intelectual – profissional, de forma a desencadear e dar visibilidade a novos e diferentes dominios de interpretacao e accao ao mesmo tempo que reivindica a possibilidade de abordagens pluri perspectivadas potenciadoras de processos de transformacao na edificacao do saber. Numa confluencia necessaria ao pensamento complexo, tambem aqui trazemos a consideracao de que e atraves da circularidade que se interroga tudo o que e compartimentado e fragmentado, numa enfase colocada nao somente no conhecimento, mas na inter-relacao entre saber, fazer, ser e relacionar, bem como no subsequente reconhecimento da natureza desses mesmos relacionamentos.
Prenatal Carrier Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Introduction Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative genetic disorder, affects 1:5,000 to 1:10,000 infants. Carrier rates are 1:25 to 1:50. We implemented ACOG-endorsed prenatal SMA screening in mid-2014 and sought to assess uptake, observed carrier rate, and providers' knowledge and attitudes toward genetic conditions and carrier screening. Methods Retrospective cohort study of all patients receiving prenatal genetic counseling at our institution from August 2014 to April 2015. Factors associated with screening uptake were assessed. Proportions who accepted screening, were screen-positive, had partners tested, had partners who were screen-positive, and had fetuses tested were calculated. Providers' knowledge and attitudes were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Results Of 1,158 patients offered SMA screening, 224 accepted (19.3%, 95% CI 17.2–21.7). Uptake differed by race, parity, religion, and genetic counselor seen. Five (2.2% or 1:45, 95% CI 0.8–5.3 or 1:19–1:125) women were identified as carriers. Of 3 partners screened, none screened positive (0%, 95% CI 0–5.3). There were no prenatal SMA diagnoses (0%, 95% CI 0–1.4). Of 90 survey respondents, 42% incorrectly answered 1 of 9 knowledge questions. Provider attitudes toward screening were contradictory. Conclusion Despite significant resources utilized, prenatal SMA carrier screening identified no fetal cases. Cost-effectiveness and other barriers should be considered prior to large-scale adoption of more comprehensive genetic screening.
Reducing readmission rates in inpatient settings

ABSTRACTThe provision of good quality and cost effective mental healthcare remains a significant public health issue. The objective of this study was to improve the transition from inpatient to outpatient aftercare services, thereby reducing readmission rates. A total of 1,707 patients in acute inpatient psychiatry units participated in the intervention program over a period of 12 months. The readmission was reduced by 27 percent (9.54% to 6.95%, p = 0.004). The data suggest that these modalities significantly lower readmission rates and therefore improve the cost effectiveness and quality of mental health care.
Anatomical Factors Contributing to Radial Nerve Excursion at the Brachium: A Cadaveric Study

Purpose The radial nerve appears to be more vulnerable to injury in the brachium than the median and ulnar nerves. The underlying mechanism for this increased vulnerability is not well explained. We hypothesize that the radial nerve has less excursion than the median and ulnar nerves because it is anatomically tethered by the lateral intermuscular septum (LIS) and that elbow positioning and LIS release will improve its excursion. Methods Eight paired fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremity specimens were used. The radial, median, and ulnar nerves were transected at the level of the spiral groove. Nerve excursion was determined at a constant tension of 100 g from 0° to 90° of elbow flexion and repeated for the radial nerve after releasing the LIS. The cross-sectional areas of nervous and connective tissue were then determined histologically. Results Radial and median nerve excursion correlated positively with increased elbow flexion, and ulnar nerve excursion correlated negatively with increased elbow flexion. Release of the LIS significantly improved radial nerve excursion at 0°, 60°, and 90° of elbow flexion. Release of the LIS with 90° of elbow flexion increased radial nerve excursion by approximately 3 times. Histological analysis demonstrated similar mean composition of nonnervous connective tissue among the 3 nerves. Conclusions The radial nerve is anatomically tethered in the brachium by the LIS and has limited excursion compared with the median and ulnar nerves. Radial nerve excursion improves with elbow flexion and LIS release. Flexing the elbow to 90° doubles radial nerve excursion. Releasing the LIS as well triples the excursion of the radial nerve. Histological composition was similar among the three nerves at the brachium. Clinical relevance Releasing the LIS and flexing the elbow improve radial nerve excursion. These steps may be useful during humeral fracture fixation.
Fluorescent Ca2+ indicators directly inhibit the Na,K-ATPase and disrupt cellular functions

Fluorescent Ca2+ indicators have been essential for the analysis of Ca2+ signaling events in various cell types. We showed that chemical Ca2+ indicators, but not a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, potently suppressed the activity of Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase), independently of their Ca2+ chelating activity. Loading of commonly used Ca2+ indicators, including Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl (AM), Rhod-2 AM, and Fura-2 AM, and of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA AM into cultured mouse or human neurons, astrocytes, cardiomyocytes, or kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells suppressed Na,K-ATPase activity by 30 to 80%. Ca2+ indicators also suppressed the agonist-induced activation of the Na,K-ATPase, altered metabolic status, and caused a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. Loading of Ca2+ indicators into mice, which is carried out for two-photon imaging, markedly altered brain extracellular concentrations of K+ and ATP. These results suggest that a critical review of data obtained with chemical Ca2+ indicators may be necessary.
Alkaline isomerization of ferricytochrome c from Euglena gracilis

Abstract Euglena gracilis ferricytochrome c has a small absorption maximum at about 700 nm having an extinction of 850 ± 10 M−1cm−1. This absorption band is analogous to the more commonly found maximum at 695 nm which is observed in ferricytochromes from other sources and which is characteristic of ligation of methionine 80 with the heme ion. The 700 nm band disappears upon raising the pH to 11 giving a transition involving a single proton having an apparent pK of about 10. These results demonstrate that the phenolic ionization of tyrosine 67 is not required to trigger the alkaline isomerization of ferricytochromes c since Euglena cytochrome has a phenylalanine residue at position 67.
Introduction: Products of the Desktop Fractal Design System

This chapter discusses the products of the desktop fractal design system. The key educational purpose of the desktop fractal design system is to teach the relationship between IFS Codes and the fractals that they produce. The system processes and outputs IFS Codes. An IFS Code is a small table of numbers. The user interacts with IFS codes by direct modification of the corresponding fractal image. The aim is to teach the user how the image on the screen relates to the IFS Code that produces it and how the IFS code is controlled by affine transformations. The student learns how an IFS Code defines an image of endless detail. It is found that when the fractal is altered, the IFS Code changes and when the IFS Code is changed, the fractal alters. These ideas are fundamental. The Chaos Game Algorithm is used as the basic means for the translation of an IFS Code into an image. Direct interactive control of affine transformations is the basic means of conversion from a fractal image into an IFS Code.
Finding a Seat for Social Justice at the Table of Dialogue and Deliberation

What does it mean for the dialogue and deliberation or public engagement community to exclude social justice from its mission and activities? Many dialogue and deliberation organizations, though clearly not all, shy away from either an explicit or implicit acknowledgement of issues of social justice or inequality, and power and privilege. This article argues that the field needs to 1) work intentionally for social justice and serving the public good for a strong, diverse democracy, 2) confront the illusion of neutrality, and 3) address issues of privilege and power. It discusses five principles to achieve this goal.
Berkeley’s Best System: An Alternative Approach to Laws of Nature

Contemporary Humeans treat laws of nature as statements of exceptionless regularities that function as the axioms of the best deductive system. Such ‘Best System Accounts’ marry realism about laws with a denial of necessary connections among events. I argue that Hume’s predecessor, George Berkeley, offers a more sophisticated conception of laws, equally consistent with the absence of powers or necessary connections among events in the natural world. On this view, laws are not statements of regularities but the most general rules God follows in producing the world. Pace most commentators, I argue that Berkeley’s view is neither instrumentalist (since law statements have truth values and descriptive content) nor reductionist. More important, the Berkeleyan Best System can solve some of the problems afflicting its Humean rivals, including the problems of theory choice and Nancy Cartwright’s ‘facticity’ dilemma. Some of these solutions are available in the contemporary context, without any appeal to God. Berkeley’s account deserves to be taken seriously in its own right.
CENTRAL ADRENERGIC NEURONS IN SPONTANEOUS (GENETIC) AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION

Young (4 weeks old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats show increases in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity and changes in adrenaline levels restricted to brain stem areas involved in cardiovascular control. These findings suggest a role for central adrenergic neurons in different forms of hypertension.
Dietary supplementation with Zyflamend poly-herbal extracts and fish oil inhibits intimal hyperplasia development following vascular intervention.

Abstract The polyherbal blend Zyflamend™ has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and attenuate inflammatory-modulated pathologies. Fish oils have also been shown to have cardioprotective properties. However, the beneficial effects of their combination have not been investigated. Intimal hyperplasia (IH), a pathological remodeling response of a vessel to injury, is heavily regulated by an immune-mediated reaction. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation with Zyflamend and/or Wholemega could affect inflammatory-dependent vascular remodeling mechanisms when provided at human equivalent doses. Based on their anti-inflammatory properties and protective benefits demonstrated in previous pre-clinical studies, we hypothesized administration of these supplements would prevent IH in an animal model of vascular injury. The diets of aged male rats were supplemented with human equivalent doses of Zyflamend (Zyf) and/or Wholemega (WMega) or placebo (Plac) for 1wk prior to balloon angioplasty (BA)-induced injury of the left carotid artery. At 28d post-injury morphometric analysis of carotid tissue revealed IH was decreased in Zyf + WMega animals compared to placebo, while Zyf or WMega independently had no significant effect. Serum cytokine screening indicated injury-induced interleukin family isoforms, interferon-γ, and macrophage inflammatory proteins were downregulated by Zyf + WMega. Immunohistochemical staining for monocyte/macrophage phenotypic markers revealed that while overall monocyte/macrophage vessel infiltration was not affected, Zyf + WMega limited the alternative differentiation of M2 macrophages and reduced the presence of myofibroblasts in the injured vessel wall. In summary, dietary supplementation with Zyf + WMega attenuated the acute inflammatory response following vascular injury and inhibited IH development in vivo.
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma of the Face Treated With Definitive Chemoradiation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally invasive skin neoplasm most commonly in the head and neck. MAC is routinely treated surgically and scant data is available regarding the role of definitive chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) as a surgical alternative. Methods A single case of MAC treated with upfront chemoRT is presented along with a review of the literature. Results A 73-year old man with locally advanced MAC of the philtrum and nose declined surgery and was treated with concurrent intensity-modulated RT (70Gy) and paclitaxel/carboplatin. His tumor responded clinically within two weeks of treatment. Partial radiographic response was observed at three months with improvement up to one year post-treatment. He remains asymptomatic and progression-free six years from the completion of his treatment. Conclusion Definitive chemoRT may be a nonsurgical treatment alternative for MAC when surgery is not possible or declined.
Effect of metal ion solubility on the oxidative assembly of metal sulfide quantum dots.

The versatility of the oxidative assembly method for the creation of 2D and 3D quantum dot (QD) architectures represents both an opportunity and a challenge as a method enabling controlled placement of chemically distinct QDs in multicomponent systems. The opportunity lies in the ability to independently tune the kinetics of the different components so that they are similar (leading to well-mixed systems) or different (enabling gradient or phase-segregated composites) using a wide range of variables; the challenge lies in understanding those variables and how their interplay affects the overall kinetics. Here, we show that the identity of the cation in the sulfide matrix (M = Cd2+ vs Zn2+) plays a large role in the kinetics of assembly of mass spectrometry QDs, attributed to differences in solubility. Time resolved dynamic light scattering is used to monitor the hydrodynamic radius, R¯h. ZnS shows an exponential growth associated with reaction-limited cluster aggregation (RLCA), whereas CdS demonstrates a significant induction period (10–75 min) followed by a growth step that cannot be distinguished between RLCA and diffusion limited cluster aggregation. These data correlate with relative solubilities of the nanoparticles, as probed by free-cation concentration. Data also confirm prior studies showing that cubic-closest-packed (ccp) lattices are kinetically slow relative to hexagonally closest-packed (hcp); using the slope of the ln R¯h vs time plot for the rate constant, the values of 0.510 s−1 and 3.92 s−1 are obtained for ccp ZnS and hcp ZnS, respectively. Thus, both the structure and the solubility are effective levers for adjusting the relative reactivity of QDs toward oxidative assembly.
Urban resilience as critique: Problematizing infrastructure in post-Sandy New York City

Abstract Drawing on Foucaultian work on problematization, this paper explores the urban resilience paradigm which emerged in the wake of 2012's Hurricane Sandy, which dramatically disrupted New York City. Using discourse and media analysis, examination of government commissions and proposals, and site observation at panels and conferences, it argues that, rather than an ahistorical “thing,” urban resilience was the name given to techniques resulting from a three-part process of problematization drawn together by media and government in the storm's aftermath. This process, I argue, was itself political, and included the identification of new problems to govern in the form of environmental and technical risks; the critique of modern urban governance techniques based on a city/nature separation and ideas of mastery and control as impediments to responding to these problems; and finally the overcoming of impediments via creative recalibration of government by redefining the social and ecological as interconnected infrastructure. The recalibrations produced within this three-part problematization, I show, were promoted by city government and local institutions as “urban resilience,” which was presented as the unquestionable answer to Sandy's problems as they had been posed. I conclude by discussing what this problem-based case study helps us see about urban resilience, but also how it advances our understanding of the growing interest in problematization within geography, as well as implications it suggests for thinking the political in the Anthropocene.
Evaluation of gaseous substrates for microbial immobilization of contaminant mixtures in unsaturated subsurface sediments

Extensive vadose zone metals and organic contamination remains at many former industrial and defense manufacturing sites, and effective remedial solutions are needed to slow or prevent its migration to groundwater. In this study, the application of gaseous substrates to stimulate microbial respiratory reduction of comingled radioisotopes and nitrate under unsaturated conditions was examined for possible application at the Hanford Site, a former nuclear production facility in southeastern WA, USA. First, screening studies were performed to qualitatively measure the sediment respiratory response to 14 gaseous or volatile organic substrates at two moisture contents, 4% and 8%. Volatile substrates produced the strongest respiratory response, among them were butyrate, pentane, butyl acetate. Ethane and butane were the most effective gaseous substrates but only at 8% water content. Hanford sediment from two waste sites with distinctive chemistries were wetted to 7% moisture content, packed into columns, and treated with ethane or butane. After 4 weeks, columns were then leached to quantify retardation in the mobility of aqueous contaminant concentrations compared to no gas control columns. Treatment with both gases resulted in >80% removal of Cr from the aqueous phase. However, NO3 concentration and a waste sites exposure history to NO3 had a major effect on U and Tc reduction. Incomplete nitrate reduction outcompeted U and Tc in waste site sediments having limited prior exposure to NO3. Conversely, waste site sediments co-contaminated with NO3 were able to achieve highly reduced conditions resulting in complete denitrification of NO3, and delayed leaching of U and Tc. This implied effective reduction of both contaminants to less mobile species. This study demonstrates that unsaturated vadose sediments at Hanford waste sites have the capacity for a sustained respiratory response to gaseous substrate injection, which could potentially be deployed as part of an overall strategy to reduce the flux of long-lived radionuclides to groundwater at Hanford and other legacy waste sites.
Diagnostic performance of lower extremity Doppler ultrasound in detecting iliocaval obstruction

Abstract Objective To retrospectively evaluate the performance of two commonly used Doppler ultrasound parameters, namely, venous flow phasicity and response to Valsalva maneuver, in detecting iliocaval obstruction. Methods All imaging studies of patients seen by interventional radiology for lower extremity venous disease at a single institution from 1996 to 2018 were retrospectively identified. Lower extremity ultrasounds with a concurrent magnetic resonance, computed tomography, or conventional venogram performed within the next 7 days, which served as gold standard, were further identified (n = 192 examinations, including 313 limbs). Iliocaval obstruction were assessed by two ultrasound criteria: (1) nonphasic flow and/or (2) nonresponsive flow to Valsalva in the common femoral vein. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) for diagnosing iliocaval obstruction were calculated for each ultrasound criterion, and also for when the two criteria were assessed jointly. Results Of the 313 limbs assessed for venous flow phasicity, 133 (42.5%) had an iliocaval obstruction confirmed on subsequent venography. Nonphasic flow demonstrated a sensitivity of 69.2%, specificity of 82.8%, NPV of 78.4%, and PPV of 74.8% for diagnosing iliocaval obstruction. Of the 212 limbs assessed for Valsalva response, 88 (41.5%) had a confirmed iliocaval obstruction. Nonresponsive flow to Valsalva demonstrated a sensitivity of 13.6%, specificity of 97.6%, NPV of 61.6%, and PPV of 80.0% for diagnosing iliocaval obstruction. Joint assessment using phasicity and Valsalva criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 68.2%, specificity of 87.2%, NPV of 79.6%, and PPV of 78.9%. Conclusions In this tertiary care setting, Doppler ultrasound examination was not a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting iliocaval obstruction.
Analyzing the World-Wide Impact of Public Health Interventions on the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19

We analyze changes in the reproduction number, R, of COVID-19 in response to public health interventions. Our results indicate that public health measures undertaken in China reduced R from 1.5 in January to 0.4 in mid-March 2020. They also suggest, however, the limitations of isolation, quarantine, and large-scale attempts to limit travel. While the world-wide reproduction number briefly dropped below 1 as China implemented extensive public health measures, the introduction of the virus to other nations swiftly led to an increasing world-wide average value of R. In Italy, the nation hardest-hit following China, social distancing measures brought the local value of R down from 3.71 to 2.51. Nonetheless, the value of R in Italy persisted at levels well above 1, allowing for ongoing transmission. By mid-March 2020, as COVID-19 spread in areas without extensive public health interventions in place, the world-wide value of R increased to a level similar to that of late January.
Creating the Big Ten: Courage, Corruption, and Commercialization

Review of: "Creating the Big Ten: Courage, Corruption, and Commercialization," by Winton U. Solberg.
The origins of the substellar companion to GQ Lupi

The recently discovered substellar companion to GQ Lup possibly represents a direct test of current planet formation theories. We examine the possible formation scenarios for the companion to GQ Lup assuming it is a ∼2 MJup object. We determine that GQ Lup B most likely was scattered into a large, eccentric orbit by an interaction with another planet in the inner system. If this is the case, several directly observable predictions can be made, including the presence of a more massive, secondary companion that could be detected through astrometry, radial velocity measurements, or sculpting in GQ Lup’s circumstellar disk. This scenario requires a highly eccentric orbit for the companion already detected. These predictions can be tested within the next decade or so. Additionally, we look at scenarios of formation if the companion is a brown dwarf. One possible formation scenario may involve an interaction between a brown dwarf binary and GQ Lup. We look for evidence of any brown dwarfs that have been ejected from the GQ Lup system by searching the 2MASS all-sky survey.
An Examination of Sustained Versus Transient Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study Data

Abstract Objective A potential distinguishing factor between more benign and transient psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) versus PLEs that predict risk for psychiatric disorders is whether the PLEs are sustained and distressing (sustained dPLEs). The current study examined associations of both sustained and transient dPLEs with relevant risk factors (e.g., cognition), use of mental health services, and functional correlates (e.g., school performance) in school-age children. Method The current study used three Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ study data waves to create sustained dPLE (n=272), transient dPLE (n=244), and control (n=272) groups. Hierarchical linear models examined whether these groups differed in terms of use of mental health services, functional correlates, family history of mental disorders, other symptoms (e.g., parent-rated psychotic symptoms, internalizing, externalizing symptoms), environmental factors (e.g., adverse childhood events [ACEs]), cognitive functioning, developmental milestone delays, and neuroimaging indices. Results Several factors were more strongly associated with sustained versus transient dPLEs, including use of mental health services (for sustained vs. controls: d=0.38), drop in grades (d=--.30), other symptoms (i.e., parent-rated psychotic, bipolar, internalizing, externalizing, suicidality; 0.33>ds ds Conclusions These results have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of dPLEs, including indicating that several factors may distinguish transient from persisting dPLEs in children, including higher symptoms and ACEs, lower executive functioning scores, greater use of mental health services, and worsening school performance.
Student-instructor relationships and ethics education: examining student perceptions of the integrative ethical education model

The National Communication Association has positioned ethics education as a key student learning outcome for those graduating with a degree in communication. However, as central as this learning ou...
Association of Teaching Status and Mortality After Cancer Surgery.

Objective To examine patient outcomes for nine cancer-specific procedures performed in teaching versus non-teaching hospitals. Summary Background Data Few contemporary studies have evaluated patient outcomes in teaching versus non-teaching hospitals across a comprehensive set of cancer-specific procedures. Methods Use of national Medicare data to compare 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality rates in teaching and non-teaching hospitals for cancer-specific procedures. Risk-adjusted 30-day, all-cause, postoperative mortality overall and for each specific surgery, as well as overall 60- and 90-day mortality rates, were assessed. Results The sample consisted of 159,421 total cancer surgeries at 3,151 hospitals. Overall thirty-day mortality rates, adjusted for procedure type, state, and invasiveness of procedure were 1.3% lower at major teaching hospitals (95%CI=-1.6% to -1.1%; p<0.001) relative to non-teaching hospitals. After accounting for patient characteristics, major teaching hospitals continued to demonstrate lower mortality rates compared with non-teaching hospitals (-1.0% difference [95%CI -1.2% to -0.7%]; p<0.001). Further adjustment for surgical volume as a mediator reduced the difference to -0.7% (95%CI -0.9% to -0.4%, p<0.001). Cancer surgeries for four of the nine disease sites (bladder, lung, colorectal and ovarian) followed this overall trend. Sixty- and ninety-day overall mortality rates, adjusted for procedure type, state, and invasiveness of procedure showed that major teaching hospitals had a 1.7% (95%CI -2.1% to -1.4%; p<0.001) and 2.0% (95%CI -2.4 to -1.6%, p<0.001) lower mortality relative to non-teaching hospitals. These trends persisted after adjusting for patient characteristics. Conclusions Among cancer-specific procedures for Medicare beneficiaries, major teaching hospital status was associated with lower 30-, 60-, and 90-day mortality rates overall and across four of the nine cancer types.
Radiation enteritis

The frequent use of radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies results in an increased risk of radiation enteritis. An increased understanding of the tissue response and the clinical features of radiation enteritis has led to advances in the prevention and management of this condition. Importantly, improvements in the delivery of radiotherapy, including techniques to reduce the amount of exposed small intestine in the radiation field, represent a critical strategy for prevention. Data indicate that radioprotectant agents have the potential to reduce intestinal mucosal injury and may be beneficial in reducing both acute and chronic side effects of radiotherapy.
Utility of SOX11 for the Diagnosis of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas on Cytological Preparations.

Introduction The diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens can be challenging because of morphologic overlap with other pancreatic neoplasms, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). SRY-related high-mobility group box 11 (SOX11) is a recently described sensitive and specific marker for SPN diagnosis. However, SOX11 immunocytochemistry (ICC) on cytologic smears has not been reported. We evaluated the utility of SOX11 for diagnosis of SPN on cytologic preparations. Methods SOX11 ICC was performed on Papanicolaou-stained smears and/or corresponding CBs, on SPN and PanNET FNA cases identified between 2005-2020. Findings were compared with that of beta-catenin ICC, which is frequently used as a diagnostic marker for SPN. Results This study included 7 SPN and 10 PanNET cases. Six smears and 6 CB from SPN cases and 8 smears and 10 CB from PanNET cases were available for immunostaining. Nuclear staining for SOX11 was seen in 6 of 6 (100%) SPN smears and 5 of 6 (83%) SPN CBs, with equivocal staining in 1 CB. In contrast, 7 of 8 (88%) PanNET smears and 9 of 10 (90%) PanNET CBs were negative for SOX11, with equivocal staining seen in 1 case. Beta-catenin ICC showed nuclear staining in 6 of 7 (86%) SPN cases and no staining in all 10 (100%) PanNET cases. Conclusions SOX11 detected by ICC can serve as a useful diagnostic marker for SPN, in addition to beta catenin, and can be performed on cytological smears in cases without a CB preparation.
A new species and a new record species of genus Mordellistena (Coleoptera: Mordellidae)

The present paper deals with two species of genus Mordellistena. M'.yangi is new to science and M. mongolica is new to China. The new species is described, figured and some of its biological charactors are offered. The key to allied species is also given.The type specimens are kept in Beijing Natural History Museum.Mordellistena (s.sir.) yangi Fan,sp.nov. (figs. 1～5)Body length 2. 8～3. 2 mm. Black with fuscus pubescence. In male,apical part of head (fig. 1) yellow brown, front and middle legs light coloured, yellow brown or brown, hind legs black. In female, only apical part of clypeaus and labium dark brown, legs black except front femora, front tibiae and middle femora dark brown. Pronotum lateral margin slightly convert, hind angle obtuse. Elytra seperately rounded at each end. The combs of hind tibiae and tarsi 3; 2, 1, 0(fig. 3). Terminal spurs of hind tibiae yellow brown and the inner spur 2. 5 times as long as the outer one. Pygidium slender.with apex pointed and 2 times as long as hypopygidium, l/2 times as long as elytra. Paramera(fig. 4), Penis(fig. 5).Holotype ♂, allotype ♀, Wanquan County, Hebei Prov. Ⅶ-1990 , Fan Xiang.Paratypes 5 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, ditto; 7♂♂, 12♀♀, Xuanhua, Hebei Prov.Ⅵ-1991.Host plants: Helianthus annus and Xanthium sibiricum.
Bayesian active clustering with pairwise constraints

Clustering can be improved with pairwise constraints that specify similarities between pairs of instances. However, randomly selecting constraints could lead to the waste of labeling effort, or even degrade the clustering performance. Consequently, how to actively select effective pairwise constraints to improve clustering becomes an important problem, which is the focus of this paper. In this work, we introduce a Bayesian clustering model that learns from pairwise constraints. With this model, we present an active learning framework that iteratively selects the most informative pair of instances to query an oracle, and updates the model posterior based on the obtained pairwise constraints. We introduce two information-theoretic criteria for selecting informative pairs. One selects the pair with the most uncertainty, and the other chooses the pair that maximizes the marginal information gain about the clustering. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method over state-of-the-art.
The Rabbit in Cataract/IOL Surgery

Publisher Summary The rabbit is similar to man in its response to lens/cataract surgery. Because the rabbit eye is relatively large, it has proved useful for the assessment of both new technologies and ophthalmic surgical procedures. For example, the rabbit eye model has proved useful in the assessment of new technologies for removal of the natural crystalline lens/cataract such as surgical blades, phacoemulsification systems, intraocular lenses (IOLs), IOL insertion systems, ocular irrigating solutions, ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, and other novel technologies. Currently, it is one of the accepted animal models for evaluating the biocompatibility of IOLs. The rabbit eye model has also been used in the evaluation of ophthalmic surgical procedures, including corneal transplantation, corneal inlays and onlays, evaluation of microkeratomes and laser refractive procedures, trabeculectomy, glaucoma shunts, and endocyclophoto-coagulation, vitrectomy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and intravitreal drug delivery. Rabbits acquired from animal research sources are generally between 6 and 12 weeks of age. Because the rabbit eye and lens grow with increasing age and weight, with an age-related reduction in postoperative inflammatory response, animals of differing age and weights are used in different types of evaluations. Specifically, younger rabbits tend to have a greater postoperative inflammatory response, which is greater than that observed in adult human eyes and characterized by a heavy fibrin reaction.
The Political Economy of Price Cap Regulation

The last decade has witnessed a dramatic substitutionof price cap regulation for rate-of-return regulationin the telecommunications industry. The 1996Telecommunications Act empowers state regulators toset the terms of competitive entry in local telephonemarkets. We investigate whether the form of regulationendogenously affects the regulator's behavior withrespect to competitive entry. The evidence revealsthat regulators in price cap jurisdictions tend to setmore liberal terms of entry in comparison withregulators in rate-of-return jurisdictions. Thissuggests that price cap regulation suffers fromincomplete contracting, undermining the potentiallysuperior incentive properties of this importantregulatory reform.
Collaborative Software Development in Agile Methodologies - Perspectives from Small Group Research

Collaborative software development is a hallmark of agile methodologies such as Extreme Programming (XP). These methodologies have practices like pair programming, where two programmers collaboratively work on all aspects of software development. There is however a dearth of empirical research in this area. Studies with sound theoretical underpinnings and strong empirical rigor are called for to inform the software practice of the effectiveness of this important practice. While such collaborative working is relatively new to software community, small group research has grappled with it over the years looking for the task and other contingencies impacting the effectiveness of collaborative working versus individual working. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of some research streams in small group research and social psychology that could potentially inform IS research on collaborative software development. These small group research topics include group task typologies, individual versus group performance, social facilitation, social loafing, and group motivational gains. We then discuss implications for research on collaborative programming and provide some illustrative research questions.
Diagnosing harmful collinearity in moderated regressions: A roadmap

Abstract Collinearity is inevitable in moderated regression models. Marketing scholars use a variety of collinearity diagnostics including variance inflation factors (VIFs) and condition indices in order to diagnose the extent of collinearity in moderated models. In this paper, we show that VIFs are likely to misdiagnose the extent of collinearity problems by conflating lack of variability (small variance) or lack of magnitude (small mean) in data for collinearity. Condition indices accurately diagnose collinearity, however, they fail to identify when collinearity is actually harmful to statistical inferences. We propose a new measure, C 2 , based on raw data, which diagnoses the extent of collinearity in moderated regression models. More importantly, this C 2 measure, in conjunction with the t-statistic of the non-significant coefficient, can indicate adverse effects of collinearity in terms of distorting statistical inferences and how much collinearity would have to disappear to generate significant results. The efficacy of C 2 over VIFs and condition indices is demonstrated using simulated data and its usefulness in moderated regressions is illustrated in an empirical study of brand extensions.
A New Test to Measure Emotion Recognition Ability: Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART)

In this article, we report the development of a new test designed to measure individual differences in emotion recognition ability (ERA), five studies examining the reliability and validity of the scores produced using this test, and the first evidence for a correlation between ERA measured by a standardized test and personality. Utilizing Matsumoto and Ekman's (1988) Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) and Neutral Faces (JACNeuF), we call this measure the Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART). The JACBART improves on previous measures of ERA by (1) using expressions that have substantial validity and reliability data associated with them, (2) including posers of two visibly different races (3) balanced across seven universal emotions (4) with equal distribution of poser race and sex across emotions (5) in a format that eliminates afterimages associated with fast exposures. Scores derived using the JACBART are reliable, and three studies demonstrated a correlation between ERA and the personality constructs of Openness and Conscientiousness, while one study reports a correlation with Extraversion and Neuroticism.
Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) Spectroscopy

In the 46 years since its discovery in Ce(III)-doped CaWO4 single crystals, electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy has developed into an important method for the characterization of paramagnetic centers. The capability of ESEEM to resolve ligand hyperfine couplings to paramagnetic transition metal ions in powder or frozen solution samples, and its sensitivity to the orientation and number of coupled nuclei, make it a valuable tool for structural biology and materials chemistry. This article presents a brief history of the method from its discovery to the development of commercial instrumentation that has provided an opportunity for scientists to address difficult questions regarding coordination chemistry in paramagnetic systems. The technical background section presents the three most basic ESEEM experiments: the one-dimensional primary echo (two-pulse) and stimulated echo (three-pulse) experiments and the two-dimensional, four-pulse hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) experiment. The mathematical expressions developed for these experiments and the simple S = 1/2, I = 1/2 coupled spin system, will be used together with sample ESEEM data from Cu(II) centers in a model complex and an enzyme to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of these pulse schemes. The article will conclude with a case study of the nonheme Fe(II) site in taurine/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) that will feature some of the strengths of one-dimensional and two-dimensional ESEEM spectroscopy and show that the method has matured into a powerful technique for elucidating the coordination chemistry of this important class of enzymes as well as many other systems. Keywords: electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR); electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR); electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM); hyperfine coupling; hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE); nuclear quadrupole interaction (nqi); nonheme Fe hydroxylases
A kinetic analysis of residual stress evolution in polycrystalline thin films

Abstract Residual stress is a longstanding problem in thin film growth that affects film performance and limits the range of applicability. A better understanding of why this stress develops and how it depends on the growth conditions and material properties would improve our ability to predict it and control it. We describe a kinetic model we have developed that explains stress evolution in terms of a dynamic competition between tensile and compressive stress generation mechanisms. The balance between them changes as the microstructure evolves from isolated islands, through coalescence and into a uniform film, leading to the sequence of stress states observed during growth. The model further predicts that the stress in the steady-state depends on the dimensionless parameter D/LR where D is the diffusivity, R is the growth rate and L is the grain size. Calculations from the model in both the high and low mobility regime are compared with real-time measurements of stress using wafer curvature in different systems The discussion addresses limitations of the model and other issues that are not covered such as surface roughness and energetic particle deposition.
Relationship Between Church Attendance and Authoritarianism

(1959). Relationship Between Church Attendance and Authoritarianism. Religious Education: Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 369-371.
Comprehensive Elastic Resource Management to Ensure Predictable Performance for Scientific Applications on Public IaaS Clouds

Scientists have become increasingly reliant on large-scale compute resources on public IaaS clouds to efficiently process their applications. Unfortunately, the reactive nature of auto-scaling techniques made available by the public cloud provider can cause insufficient response time and poor job deadline satisfaction rates. To solve these problems, we designed an end-to-end elastic resource management system for scientific applications on public IaaS clouds. This system employs the following strategies: 1) an accurate and dynamic job execution time predictor, 2) a resource evaluation scheme that balances cost and performance, and 3) an "availability-aware" job scheduling algorithm. This comprehensive system is deployed on Amazon Web Services and is compared with other state-of-the-art resource management schemes. Experimental results show that our system achieves a 9% -- 32% improvement with respect to the deadline satisfaction rate over other schemes. We achieve this deadline satisfaction rate improvement while still providing improved cost-efficiency over other state-of-the-art approaches.