cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl) ornithine [nopalinic acid] in crown gall tumour tissue

Abstract Protein extract from crown gall tumour tissue, induced on Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, synthesized nopalinic acid [N 2 -(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ornithine] from l -ornithine and α-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. Label was incorporated into nopalinic acid from both l -ornithine-[ 14 C] and α-ketoglutarate-[ 14 C] in vivo . Nopaline [N 2 -(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)arginine] did not appear to be metabolized to nopalinic acid in vivo .
Status of sampled-data systems

This paper briefly describes in general terms procedures for analysis and methods of synthesis of sampled-data systems and indicates present areas of research and some of the important problems to be tackled in this field.
A Biological basis for Aphasia Treatment: Mirror Neurons and Observation-Execution Matching

Aphasia is caused by damage to the human brain, and recovery requires adaptive changes to the structure and function of this organ. Despite this obvious fact, biology plays little role in rehabilitation of persons with aphasia. Although linguistics can be useful in characterizing aphasic behaviour, thus providing a way to assess the effects of therapy, there is little evidence to suggest that linguistic models of impairment can themselves form the basis of effective therapy. Biological evidence from primates has demonstrated the presence of neurons that have both visual and motor properties, which discharge both when an action is performed and during observation of the same action. We postulate that behavioural stimulation of this system may play an important role in motor learning for speech and thereby aid language recovery after stroke. IMITATE is a computer-assisted system for aphasia therapy based on action observation and imitation. IMITATE therapy consists of silent observation of audio-visually presented words and phrases spoken aloud by six different speakers, followed by a period during which the participant orally repeats the stimuli. The treatment approach is motivated by the physiology of the brain in an effort to change specific anatomical connections, and the treatment method draws strongly from psychological evidence on learning. IMITATE is currently being used in a clinical trial, and results will not be known until these data are available in late 2010. At that juncture, it will be possible to evaluate fully the efficacy of IMITATE and to inform theoretically about the mechanism of action and the role of a human mirror system in aphasia treatment.
Targeting Angiogenesis in Advanced Breast Cancer

Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, is required for tumor growth and metastasis. There is substantial preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the central role of angiogenesis in tumor formation and metastasis. Thus, the inhibition of angiogenesis may provide more effective treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. Several chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents routinely used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer have anti-angiogenic properties. Novel anti-angiogenic agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligand and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are being developed. Recently, a large phase III clinical trial demonstrated a significant benefit in progression-free survival with the addition of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab to paclitaxel for first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer. This study established that antiangiogenic therapy is effective in breast cancer, and additional studies of bevacizumab and other antiangiogenic agents are underway. This article reviews the evidence for the role of angiogenesis in breast cancer pathogenesis, the challenges of developing antiangiogenic agents, and current agents in clinical trials.
The Kent-Rosanoff Word Association: I. New Frequencies for Ages 18–21 and a Comparison with Kent-Rosanoff Frequencies

(1955). The Kent-Rosanoff Word Association: I. New Frequencies for Ages 18–21 and a Comparison with Kent-Rosanoff Frequencies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 145-148.
Moral, Method, and History in Anne Dowriche's The French Historie

AbstractIn “Truth in the Telling: Moral, Method and History in Anne Dowriche's The French Historie,” Megan Matchinske asks readers to consider anew early modern history's propensity to convey moral rather than evidentiary truths. Exploring the formal attributes of historical presentation as they reflect on questions of cause and accountability in Dowriche's Historie, Matchinske underscores the connection between marginalized voice and the shape and direction of historical narrative. The French Historie's polemical style, its focus on structure, trajectory and selection, insists that writers of the past, especially those lacking in power, status or appropriate gender qualification, teach and learn better when their convictions are strong and their storyline directive. Anticipating and disrupting later historico‐analytical models in its attention to interpretive closure and instructional force—to “the moral at the end of the story,” Dowriche's Historie reminds us of how directive history becomes when “Truth...
Deposition and properties of yttria‐stabilized zirconia thin films using reactive direct current magnetron sputtering

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputter deposition from a composite Zr–Y target in Ar–O2 mixtures. Hysteresis was observed as a function of oxygen flow rate f. For a discharge current of 0.4 A and a total pressure P of 5 mTorr, for example, the target oxidized at f>2.3 ml/min, with the reverse transition from an oxidized to a metallic target surface occurring at 1.95 ml/min. The deposition rate was 2.7 μm/h in the metallic mode and 0.1 μm/h in the oxide mode. Fully oxidized (Y2O3)0.1(ZrO2)0.9 was obtained for f>2.0 ml/min, even in the metallic mode. While films deposited with P=3–20 mTorr were continuous, for P>20 mTorr crazing was apparent as expected for a ceramic film in a tensile stress state. For P<3 mTorr, the films delaminated due to excessive compressive stress. X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy results showed that the films were polycrystalline cubic YSZ with a columnar structure and an average grain diameter of 15 nm. Fully dense films w...
Evaluating and Treating Active Patients for Anemia

Anemia affects many active patients, from young female recreational athletes to elite male competitors. The treatment may simply be iron supplementation, but the causes of iron-deficiency anemia are many, including poor nutrition, exercise-induced hemoglobinuria or hematuria, gastritis, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer disease, anglodysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. Therefore, physicians need to do a thorough evaluation that includes a medical history, family medical history, drug history, physical exam, and referral to a gastroenterologist if necessary.
Malignant tumors of the testicle

Abstract 1. 1. Malignant tumors of the testicle are comparatively rare. 2. 2. They may be divided into the homologous and heterologous types of tumor. The former is comprised mainly of the sarcomata and seminomata, the latter consisting of the mixed tumors of adult and embryonal tissue. 3. 3. Testicular tumors occur most frequently between the ages of 20 and 50. 4. 4. The etiology remains unsolved. There was a history of previous trauma in 19.4 per cent of the cases in this series. 5. 5. The incidence of testicular tumors is higher in cryptorchids than in normal individuals. 6. 6. Bilateral testicular tumors are rare. Neoplastic disease seems to involve the right testicle more often than the left. 7. 7. There are no pathognomonic signs, painless swelling of the testis being the first symptom in the vast majority of cases. 8. 8. Gumma, tuberculosis, hydrocele, hematocele, and orchitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis. 9. 9. The hormone test for prolan a is valuable in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. 10. 10. Metastasis takes place by way of two routes, namely: lymphatic extension and blood stream dissemination. The majority of lesions metastasize first to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The lungs and supraclavicular glands are also frequent sites of metastases. 11. 11. Simple castration, castration followed by x -ray or radium, radical operation, Coley's serum and x -ray or radium alone are the usual types of treatment. 12. 12. Results of treatment are discouraging. The best results are obtained in cases without clinical evidence of metastasis. In our series a combination of castration and x -ray seemed to give the longest survival. In Hinman's hands, the radical operation in selected cases gives comparatively good results. Dean also reports good results with radiation therapy alone.
Optical resolution in wide-field oblique plane microscopy

Using the vector diffraction theory, we theoretically demonstrate the anisotropic resolving power of wide-field oblique plane microscopy (WOPM) implemented by remote focusing with a titled mirror.
T Lymphocyte E Rosette Function During Photochemotherapy (PUVA) of Psoriasis

E rosette formation by peripheral blood T lymphocytes was studied during photochemotherapy (PUVA) of psoriasis. Prior to PUVA treatment the percentage of E rosette forming cells was found to be markedly decreased in patients with active psoriasis, whereas it was normal in those with inactive skin lesions. In the initial phase of PUVA therapy (within the first 2 weeks) single PUVA exposure induced the decrease of the percentage of E rosettes in patients with psoriasis, but not in normal controls. This immediate suppression of E rosette formation, which persisted for more than 24 hr, was related to combined 8 MOP + UVA action, but not to 8 MOP or UVA irradiation alone. T lymphocytes reacquired an initial number of E rosette forming cells 48hr after the last PUVA exposure. PUVA-induced inhibition of E rosette formation was most prominent in patients with inactive psoriasis in whom the initial percentage of E rosettes before treatment was normal. A lesser degree of decrease of E rosette forming cells after PUVA exposure was observed in patients with active psoriasis and reduced initial percentage of E rosettes. The suppression of E rosette formation caused by PUVA exposure was related to the presence of psoriatic lesions, since it could not be demonstrated after clearing of skin changes. Irrespective of preceding activity of the disease, E rosette formation showed a gradual improvement with PUVA therapy. The reduction in the percentage of E rosettes completely disappeared in the fourth week of PUVA treatment, which was correlated with healing of skin lesions. Almost all patients with psoriasis (85%) recovered normal E rosette function up to 1 mo after termination of PUVA treatment.
Problem-Framing: A perspective on environmental problem-solving

The specter of environmental calamity calls for the best efforts of an involved public. Ironically, the way people understand the issues all too often serves to discourage and frustrate rather than motivate them to action. This article draws from problem-solving perspectives offered by cognitive psychology and conflict management to examine a framework for thinking about environmental problems that promises to help rather than hinder efforts to address them. Problem-framing emphasizes focusing on the problem definition. Since how one defines a problem determines one's understanding of and approach to that problem, being able to redefine or reframe a problem and to explore the “problem space” can help broaden the range of alternatives and solutions examined. Problem-framing incorporates a cognitive perspective on how people respond to information. It explains why an emphasis on problem definition is not part of people's typical approach to problems. It recognizes the importance of structure and of having ways to organize that information on one's problem-solving effort. Finally, problem-framing draws on both cognitive psychology and conflict management for strategies to manage information and to create a problem-solving environment that not only encourages participation but can yield better approaches to our environmental problems.
Some remarks on arithmetic physics

There have been some recent speculations on connections between quantum theory and modern number theory. At the boldest level these suggest that there are two ways of viewing the quantum world, the usual and the arithmetic, which are in some sense complementary. At a more conservative level they suggest that there is much mathematical interest in examining structures which are important in quantum theory and analyze to what extent they make sense when the real and complex fields are replaced by the more unconventional fields and rings, like finite or non-archimedean fields and adele rings, that arise in number theory. This paper explores some aspects of these questions.
Clinical guide to the evidence-based assessment approach to diagnosis and treatment

Abstract Assessment plays an essential role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and progress monitoring, but assessment data are often used in ways that are impressionistic and prone to biases. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles, underutilized in psychology, can be used to streamline the assessment process and increase the accuracy of conclusions. Using a case example to illustrate the application of each step, this paper outlines a 12-step approach for applying EBM assessment strategies in clinical practice. The initial steps utilize information about clinical base rates, psychopathology risk factors, rating scale scores, and selected in-depth assessment to conduct an iterative, efficient approach to estimating the probability of a given diagnosis until that probability falls into a range suggesting the diagnosis is unlikely to be present, or likely enough to warrant treatment. Once the practitioner and client agree on the treatment plan, subsequent steps monitor progress and outcomes and use that information to make decisions about termination, and then continued monitoring guards against relapse.
Radiation leukemia virus and its effect on H-2 gene expression

In this report we demonstrate that lowered expression of the H-2 antigens on RadLV-induced tumour cells is a result of depressed levels of stable mRNA in these cells. Whether this observation is a result of lowered transcription or of mRNA instability is under investigation. In an effort to determine which viral sequences are essential for mediating both the H-2 regulatory function and the transforming function of RadLV, we have begun to assemble newly integrated proviral genomes from tumours. The restriction enzyme cleavage sites of four isolates are presented; these isolates differ substantially from RadLV genomes previously presented. One of these molecular clones is shown to encode a non-defective B-tropic, ecotropic virus which when reinjected into resistant mouse strains can mediate the up-regulation of H-2Dd antigen expression. Finally, possible mechanisms of H-2 regulation are discussed.
Ford Campus vision and lidar data set

In this paper we describe a data set collected by an autonomous ground vehicle testbed, based upon a modified Ford F-250 pickup truck. The vehicle is outfitted with a professional (Applanix POS-LV) and consumer (Xsens MTi-G) inertial measurement unit, a Velodyne three-dimensional lidar scanner, two push-broom forward-looking Riegl lidars, and a Point Grey Ladybug3 omnidirectional camera system. Here we present the time-registered data from these sensors mounted on the vehicle, collected while driving the vehicle around the Ford Research Campus and downtown Dearborn, MI, during November-December 2009. The vehicle path trajectory in these data sets contains several large- and small-scale loop closures, which should be useful for testing various state-of-the-art computer vision and simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms.
A NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE COUPLED QUASI-STATIC LINEAR THERMOELASTIC PROBLEM

A numerical integration algorithm for the solution of the coupled, quasi-static problem in linear thermoelasticity is presented. The algorithm is based on the family of integration schemes developed for the heat equation that enjoys the properties of unconditional stability and second-order accuracy in some cases.
Molecular-dynamics simulation of avalanche in adhesion in a two-dimensional solid.

Molecular-dynamics simulations of the approach of two-dimensional solid surfaces are presented. At very low temperatures the surfaces avalanche or collapse to form a strained solid with no defects. Such behavior is qualitatively similar to that predicted recently by energy-minimization approaches. We observe that as the temperature is increased, individual atoms on the surface become increasingly unstable and there is a tendency to form bridges and discrete voids in the bond-line region. This phenomenon gives rise to a glasslike state in the interfacial region and provides a driving force for the production of dislocations and other defects that are far removed from the interface
Meeting the Needs of Consumers: Lessons from Business and Industry

This chapter discusses the current environment of online learning in business and industry, followed by a case study from one of Intel Corporation's training organizations.
Characteristics of magnetic amplifiers for industrial use

The advantages and disadvantages of self-saturating magnetic amplifiers for use with industrial-type regulators are discussed. Some of the methods which may be utilized to overcome the undesirable characteristics of the magnetic amplifier also receive attention.
An improved estimator of the mean for a sequential binomial sampling plan

For sampling Bernoulli random variables, a sequential sampling plan is considered that includes inverse sampling as a special case. This plan is viewed as a random walk in two dimensions in a way that gives the distribution of the sample given the endpoint of the walk. Thus, by the Rao–Blackwell method, an unbiased estimator based on the minimal sufiicient statistic is derived for the common Bernoulli probability. The techniques used apply in general to unbiased estimation when sampling sequentially, at least conceptually, and are also applied to a second class of sequential binomial sampling plans.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose accumulation in adipocytes: apparent transport discrimination between 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose.

Abstract The uphill accumulation of free 2-deoxy- d -glucose and 2-deoxy- d -glucose 6-phosphate in rat adipocytes was found not to affect the steady-state distribution of 3-O- methyl- d -glucose although both hexoses share a common transport pathway. This observation argues against a possible effect of 2-deoxy- d -glucose phosphate on the equilibrating nature of the carrier. The results are discussed in light of hypotheses advanced to explain free 2-deoxy- d -glucose accumulation in a variety of cells.
Three quantitative ultrasound parameters reflect bone structure

We investigated whether quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters are associated with bone structure. In an in vitro study on 20 cubes of trabecular bone, we measured broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and two newly defined parameters—ultrasound velocity through bone (UVB) and ultrasound attenuation in bone (UAB). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone structure was assessed by microcomputed tomography (μCT) with approximately 80 μm spatial resolution. We found all three QUS parameters to be significantly associated with bone structure independently of BMD. UVB was largely influenced by trabecular separation, UAB by connectivity, and BUA by a combination of both. For a one standard deviation (SD) increase in UVB, a decrease in trabecular separation of 1.2 SD was required compared with a 1.4 SD increase in BMD for the same effect. A 1.0 SD increase in UAB required a reduction in connectivity of 1.4 SD. Multivariate models of QUS versus BMD combined with bone structure parameters showed squared correlation coefficients of r2=0.70–0.85 for UVB, r2=0.27–0.56 for UAB, and r2=0.30–0.68 for BUA compared with r2=0.18–0.58 for UVB, r2<0.26 for UAB and r2<0.13 for BUA for models including BMD alone. QUS thus reflects bone structure, and a combined analysis of QUS and BMD will allow for a more comprehensive assessment of skeletal status than either method alone.
Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drug Combinations Extend Drug Release and Antiretroviral Responses in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages: Implications for NeuroAIDS Therapeutics

We posit that improvements in pharmacokinetics and biodistributions of antiretroviral therapies (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus type one-infected people can be achieved through nanoformulationed drug delivery systems. To this end, we manufactured nanoparticles of atazanavir, efavirenz, and ritonavir (termed nanoART) and treated human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in combination therapies to assess antiretroviral responses. This resulted in improved drug uptake, release, and antiretroviral efficacy over monotherapy. MDM rapidly, within minutes, ingested nanoART combinations, at equal or similar rates, as individual formulations. Combination nanoART ingested by MDM facilitated individual drug release from 15 to >20 days. These findings are noteworthy as a nanoART cell-mediated drug delivery provides a means to deliver therapeutics to viral sanctuaries, such as the central nervous system during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type one infection. The work brings us yet another step closer to realizing the utility of nanoART for virus-infected people.
Critical behavior of 3d Ising and 2d XY spin models

Abstract We have undertaken large-scale computer simulations of the 3d Ising and the 2d XY models using the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) method.
Segregation of a t(1;3) translocation in multiple affected family members with both types of adjacent-1 segregants

A subtle balanced translocation involving the terminal regions of 1q and 3p was identified in a large family by high-resolution karyotype analysis and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. In this family, segregation of a balanced t(1:3)(q42.3;p25) chromosome translocation led to two types of viable unbalanced complements. The proband inherited the derivative chromosome 3, resulting in partial trisomy of 1q and partial monosomy of 3p. A paternal uncle and cousin had the reciprocal rearrangement with a derivative of chromosome 1, resulting in partial monosomy for 1q and partial trisomy for 3p. While profound mental and physical retardation and congenital heart defects were characteristics for both rearrangements, facial dysmorphism was quite distinct for each imbalance. Individuals who had the derivative chromosome 3 had a long face, wide eyebrows, small palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, prominent glabella, a large tip of the nose, long philtrum with thin upper lip, and low set-ears. In contrast, family members with the derivative of chromosome 1 had a tall forehead with bifrontal narrowing, full and large cheeks, and large simple ears. Since the translocated segments are small and approximately equal in size in this family, it is not surprising that viability was seen in individuals with both types of adjacent-1 segregation. In this kindred, the ratio of normal to abnormal individuals born to balanced carriers is believed to be about 1:1.5. This suggests that the recurrence risk for carriers is 50%.
Resolution enhancement of blurred star field images by maximally sparse restoration

In this paper we address the problem of removing blur from, or sharpening, astronomical star field intensity images. A new image restoration algorithm is introduced which recovers image detail using a constrained optimization theoretic approach. Ideal star images may be modeled as a few point sources in a uniform background. It is therefore argued that a direct measure of image sparseness is the appropriate optimization criterion for deconvolving the image blurring function. A sparseness criterion based on the lp quasinorm is presented and algorithms for sparse reconstruction are described. Synthetic and actual star image reconstruction examples are presented which demonstrate the algorithm's superior performance as compared with the CLEAN algorithm, a standard star field deconvolution method.
Genetic Mosaic Dissection of Lis1 and Ndel1 in Neuronal Migration

Coordinated migration of newly born neurons to their prospective target laminae is a prerequisite for neural circuit assembly in the developing brain. The evolutionarily conserved LIS1/NDEL1 complex is essential for neuronal migration in the mammalian cerebral cortex. The cytoplasmic nature of LIS1 and NDEL1 proteins suggest that they regulate neuronal migration cell autonomously. Here, we extend mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to mouse chromosome 11 where Lis1, Ndel1, and 14-3-3ɛ (encoding a LIS1/NDEL1 signaling partner) are located. Analyses of sparse and uniquely labeled mutant cells in mosaic animals reveal distinct cell-autonomous functions for these three genes. Lis1 regulates neuronal migration efficiency in a dose-dependent manner, while Ndel1 is essential for a specific, previously uncharacterized, late step of neuronal migration: entry into the target lamina. Comparisons with previous genetic perturbations of Lis1 and Ndel1 also suggest a surprising degree of cell-nonautonomous function for these proteins in regulating neuronal migration.
Economic issues in glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor therapy

Efficacy, safety, and cost will determine the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes or those patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Prospective randomized studies with abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban have demonstrated the superior efficacy and relative safety of IIb/IIIa therapy in these 2 broad patient groups. In medical practice, we by necessity make decisions to administer or withhold therapies based on implicit concepts of cost-effectiveness and efficacy and safety. We herein review available economic data on IIb/IIIa therapy to assist in this decision-making process. The procurement costs of the IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists vary considerably for both acute coronary syndrome and patients undergoing PCI. In PCI, these procurement costs range from $436 to $1407 per patient treated with commonly used regimens. Economic substudies of PCI trials with abciximab and tirofiban demonstrate medical cost savings that partially offset drug procurement costs. The number of dollars spent on IIb/IIIa agents per death or myocardial infarction prevented in patients undergoing PCI ranges from $13,000 to $37,000. Abciximab has cost-effectiveness ratios of $4000 to $7000 per life-year saved in patients undergoing PCI. The incremental cost-effectiveness of IIb/IIIa blockade in the setting of planned stenting is unknown. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, procurement costs range from $1050 to $1548 per patient treated. Expenditures per death or myocardial infarction prevented in patients with acute coronary syndrome range from $32,000 to $82, 000. Inadequate direct cost data exist to calculate cost effectiveness ratios for this group, but only high-risk patients will likely have cost-effectiveness ratios that most Western health-care systems can afford.
Multiloop integrals in dimensional regularization made simple

Scattering amplitudes at loop level can be expressed in terms of Feynman integrals. The latter satisfy partial differential equations in the kinematical variables. We argue that a good choice of basis for (multi)loop integrals can lead to significant simplifications of the differential equations, and propose criteria for finding an optimal basis. This builds on experience obtained in supersymmetric field theories that can be applied successfully to generic quantum field theory integrals. It involves studying leading singularities and explicit integral representations. When the differential equations are cast into canonical form, their solution becomes elementary. The class of functions involved is easily identified, and the solution can be written down to any desired order in ϵ within dimensional regularization. Results obtained in this way are particularly simple and compact. In this Letter, we outline the general ideas of the method and apply them to a two-loop example.
The interface between geostatistical modeling of oil and gas discovery and economics

Methods of forecasting future additions to the supply of primary energy resources generated by exploratory effort must be able to measure the consequence for supply of a wide range of tax, cost, regulatory, and leasing policies. Otherwise they are of little practical value. One methodological strategy currently in vogue is to model the response to policy choice of supply in micro units composed of a set of geologically homogeneous deposit types located in a particular geographic area and then compute regional or national supply forecasts by directly aggregating these responses. The forecasting strategy has strengths relative to its alternatives, but it requires data on individual deposits and on the probabilistic properties of the population of deposits to which it belongs. It demands, in addition, that geostatistical modeling and micro-economic theory be tightly linked, that deposit data be presented so as to allow systematic inferences to be made about deposit size distributions, and that expert opinion be expressed as personal or subjective probabilities. The data required for application of this forecasting strategy to large regions is, with a few notable exceptions, not available. The USGS and the GSC have begun work directed to this end in the case of oil and gas. Working backward from the skeleton of a micro-economic model of a generic petroleum play is a useful way to identify what data is needed and in what form. If a correspondence between descriptive geologic attributes and the parameters of deposit size distributions can be identified and a discrete classification of size distribution types generated, then statistical analogies between population of mineral deposits might be created and used in the same fashion as geologic analogies, which are greatly streamlining implementation of a forecasting strategy based on direct aggregation of microunits.
Physiological factors affecting protein expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases 1, 3 and 5

1. The mouse and rat exhibit substantial differences in the gender expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) forms. Hepatic FMO1 is gender-dependent in both species, selective to the male in rat, female in mouse. Human FMO1 is nearly undetectable. FMO3 in mouse is gender-specific to the female, but gender-independent in rat and man. FMO5 is gender-independent for mouse, rat and man. 2. Gender differences in substrate metabolism do not reflect overall FMO or isoform differences. Methimazole, imipramine and thiobenzamide are much better substrates for FMO1 than for FMO3 or FMO5. 3. Activities of microsomal samples toward these substrates reflect the relative abundance of FMO1. Hepatic samples show a 3-fold greater activity toward methimazole in the female mouse and male rat. Human microsomal samples show minimal activity. 4. Developmentally, FMO1 and FMO5 are expressed in foetuses as early as gestation days 15 and 17 and equally between genders until puberty. FMO3 is not found until 2 weeks post-partum and is found equally in the male and female until 6 weeks post-partum when it becomes undetectable in the male. 5. An event takes place after birth but before puberty that confers the ability to produce FMO3. The developmental pattern observed for mouse FMO3 is similar to human FMO3.
A Bayesian method of estimating kinetic parameters for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with chlorine dioxide and ozone.

The main objective of this paper is to use Bayesian methods to estimate the kinetic parameters for the inactivation kinetics of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with chlorine dioxide or ozone which are characterized by the delayed Chick-Watson model, i.e., a lag phase or shoulder followed by pseudo-first-order rate of inactivation. As the length of the lag phase (CT(lag)) is not known, Bayesian statistics provides a more accurate approach than traditional statistical methods to fitting the delayed Chick-Watson kinetics. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to estimate CT(lag) and first-order rate constant values. This method is also used to estimate the minimum CT requirement (with safety factor) for 99% inactivation of C. parvum oocysts.
Influences of season, time of day, light and sex on the thermoregulatory behaviour of crotaphytus collaris

Abstract 1. 1.|Temperature selection of male Crotaphytus collaris acclimatized to 25 ± 1° C and an LD 12:12 photoperiod was measured over a 24-h period in a thermal gradient with either a uniform light over the entire gradient (UL), a point source of light over the hot end of the gradient (LH), or a point source of light over the cold end of the gradient (LC) during spring, summer and fall. 2. 2.|Lizards placed in the LC condition showed abnormal temperature selection over time as compared to the UL and LH groups that selected higher photophase T b than scotophase T b . 3. 3.|Season had a significant effect on temperature selection. 4. 4.|Female lizards chose significantly higher T b than male lizards in the LH group during the summer. 5. 5.|The location of a point source of light has a major impact on thermoregulatory behaviour in the lizards distinct from the role played by a heat source.
Crystal structure of a MATα2 homeodomain-operator complex suggests a general model for homeodomain-DNA interactions

The MAT alpha 2 homeodomain regulates the expression of cell type-specific genes in yeast. We have determined the 2.7 A resolution crystal structure of the alpha 2 homeodomain bound to a biologically relevant DNA sequence. The DNA in this complex is contacted primarily by the third of three alpha-helices, with additional contacts coming from an N-terminal arm. Comparison of the yeast alpha 2 and the Drosophila engrailed homeodomain-DNA complexes shows that the protein fold is highly conserved, despite a 3-residue insertion in alpha 2 and only 27% sequence identity between the two homeodomains. Moreover, the orientation of the recognition helix on the DNA is also conserved. This docking arrangement is maintained by side chain contacts with the DNA--primarily the sugar-phosphate backbone--that are identical in alpha 2 and engrailed. Since these residues are conserved among all homeodomains, we propose that the contacts with the DNA are also conserved and suggest a general model for homeodomain-DNA interactions.
Effects of hygrothermal exposure on the mechanical properties of injection molded glass-fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide)

An experimental program was used as the foundation for long-term property prediction for a glass-fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide). Samples were aged up to 226 days at 95% RH at both 104°F (40°C) and 158°F (70°C) (based on MIL-STD-810E and MIL-STD-210C), and their mechanical properties measured. Data analysis indicated that property changes were more pronounced at the higher temperature with statistically significant changes, at the 99% confidence level, occurring after 100 days. At the lower temperature, property changes were observed, but their significance was not established. Further analysis of the data indicated that the moisture content did not affect the property changes. Analysis of the data using a viscoelastic description of the property changes resulted in property maps that permit estimation of the mechanical properties for up to a 20-year exposure as a function of exposure temperature.
Effect of “backward” masker fringe on the detectability of pulsed diotic and dichotic tonal signals

The effects of backward masker “fringe” on performance in homophasic and antiphasic masking conditions were investigated. The results of the study indicate that (1) the presence of a backward masker fringe has only a small effect on performance in homophasic masking conditions; (2) under antiphasic masking conditions, the presence of a backward masker fringe improves performance; (3) similar to the results of studies investigating the effects of forward masker fringe, the magnitude of the improvement in performance increases as the duration of the fringe increases; and (4) the magnitude of the improvement caused by the presence of backward masker fringe is considerably smaller than the magnitude of the improvement caused by the forward masker fringe. It appears, then, that the presence of backward masker fringe may provide a baseline or reference phase similar to that which the forward fringe is presumed to provide. The presence of this reference phase after the offset of the signal apparently makes the phase shift associated with the signal-plus-noise waveform more discernible, thus leading to higher detectability. However, for reasons not yet clear, the presence of a baseline or reference phase after the offset of the signal (backward fringe conditions) does not make the signal-plus-noise phase shift as discernible as do either the presence of that same reference phase before the onset of the signal (forward fringe condition) or the presence of that same reference phase both before signal onset and after signal offset (continuous masker condition).
Detectability of the deletion of a tone from a tone-plus-noise background

The deletion of a 1,000-Hz tone from a tone-plus-noise background is much harder for humans to detect than the insertion of the same tone into a background of noise. A mathematically ideal O, oblivious to the context in which an observation interval occurs, performs equally well under conditions of insertion and deletion. Human listeners, not oblivious to context, produced the function ds = 0.036 E/No under deletion; the slope of this linear function is no more than half that of the typical slope of the comparable insertion function. The underlying reasons for the superiority of detection of insertion to that of deletion remain unclear.
On the algebra of semigroup diagrams

In this work we enrich the geometric method of semigroup diagrams to study semigroup presentations. We introduce a process of reduction on semigroup diagrams which leads to a natural way of multiplying semigroup diagrams associated with a given semigroup presentation. With respect to this multiplication the set of reduced semigroup diagrams is a groupoid. The main result is that the groupoid of reduced semigroup diagrams over the presentation S = may be identified with the fundamental groupoid γ (KS) of a certain 2-dimensional complex KS. Consequently, the vertex groups of the groupoid are isomorphic to the fundamental groups of the complex KS. The complex we discovered was first considered in the paper of Craig Squier, published only recently. Steven Pride has also independently defined a 2-dimensional complex isomorphic to KS in relation to his work on low-dimensional homotopy theory for monoids. Some structural information about the fundamental groups of the complex KS are presented. The class of these groups contains all finitely generated free groups and is closed under finite direct and finite free products. Many additional results on the structure of these groups may be found in the paper of Victor Guba and Mark Sapir.
Designing experiments for single output multilayer perceptrons

Where should a researcher conduct experiments to provide training data for a multilayer perceptron This question is investigated and a statistical method for selecting optimal experimental design points for multilayer perceptrons is introduced. Two-class discrimination problems are examined in which the multilayer perceptron is viewed as a univariate nonlinear regression model. A selection criterion is developed based on the volume of the joint confidence ellipsoid for the weights in a multilayer perceptron. The criterion is minimized to find optimal design points. Minimization is accomplished using Powell's algorithm when the feature space is continuous and a discrete exchange algorithm when the feature space is discrete. An example is used to demonstrate the superiority of optimally selected design points over randomly chosen points and points chosen in a grid pattern. In addition, two measures are developed to rank the design points in terms of their relative importance.
The Quest for Chain-Link Hydrogen-Bonded Capsules: Self-Assembly of C-Methyl Calix[4]resorcinarene with 5,5‘-Bipyrimidine

The self-assembly of the tetradentate ligand 5,5‘-bipyrimidine with C-methyl calix[4]resorcinarene is reported. The structures of three different three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks formed on self-assembly are presented. Two structures contain ligand-bridged resorcinarenes with a “chain-link” capsule motif. The third structure has the resorcinarenes diagonally cross-linked by the bipyrimidine ligand without forming distinct bridged capsules.
Review of US ESCO industry market trends: an empirical analysis of project data

Abstract This comprehensive empirical analysis of US energy service company (ESCO) industry trends and performance employs two parallel analytical approaches: a survey of firms to estimate total industry size, and a database of ∼1500 ESCO projects, from which we report target markets and typical project characteristics, energy savings and customer economics. We estimate that industry investment for energy-efficiency related services reached US$2 billion in 2000 following a decade of strong growth. ESCO activity is concentrated in states with high economic activity and strong policy support. Typical projects save 150–200 MJ/m2/year and are cost-effective with median benefit/cost ratios of 1.6 and 2.1 for institutional and private sector projects. The median simple payback time (SPT) is 7 years among institutional customers; 3 years is typical in the private sector. Reliance on DSM incentives has decreased since 1995. Preliminary evidence suggests that state enabling policies have boosted the industry in medium-sized states. ESCOs have proven resilient in the face of restructuring and will probably shift toward selling “energy solutions”, with energy efficiency part of a package. We conclude that appropriate policy support—both financial and non-financial—can “jump-start” a viable private-sector energy-efficiency services industry that targets large institutional and commercial/industrial customers.
New Age-Oriented Special Interest Travel: An Exploratory Study

Since the 1960s, an increasing market for “New Age” spiritual travel has been evidenced by the availability of travel guidebooks about power sites and directories of holistic retreat centres, as well as formally organized tours. Data on the New Age population and its demographics have only been available since the 1990s, and it indicates that travel for pilgrimage, personal growth and non-traditional spiritual practices has been increasing steadily since the 1980s. A survey of New Age tour operators confirms that women form the core clientele for New Age tours, and environmental concerns motivate many of the leaders. However many indigenous organizations are protesting the use of threatened traditional practices such as sweat lodges, vision quests, and their associated sacred sites.
Discovery and Development of OMNiMIPs: One MoNomer Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

There is enormous potential for the analytical applications of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs); for example, the imprinted polymer sites can function as the molecular recognition element of sensors, immunoassays, and separation media. However, difficulties with formulation variables and the need for empirical optimization have inhibited the widespread use of MIPs by the general scientific community. While investigating new crosslinkers for molecular imprinting, we have recently discovered a much simpler approach to MIP formation which utilizes a single crosslinking monomer, NOBE (N, Obismethacryloyl ethanolamine) in addition to template, solvent and initiator (shown in Scheme 1). We have given this molecular imprinting method the acronym “OMNiMIPs” which stands for one monomer molecularly imprinted polymers. This new formulation eliminates variables such as choice of functional monomer (FM) and crosslinker (XL), the ratio of functional monomer to crosslinker (FM/XL), and the ratio of functional monomer to template which normally complicates MIP design. The affects of OMNiMIP performance variables toward molecular recognition indicate significant differences between these new materials and traditional MIPs formulated with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). These differences and the utility of OMNiMIPs will be discussed.
The Deterritorialization of Art

(2004). The Deterritorialization of Art. The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 141-150.
Pol II waiting in the starting gates: Regulating the transition from transcription initiation into productive elongation

Proper regulation of gene expression is essential for the differentiation, development and survival of all cells and organisms. Recent work demonstrates that transcription of many genes, including key developmental and stimulus-responsive genes, is regulated after the initiation step, by pausing of RNA polymerase II during elongation through the promoter-proximal region. Thus, there is great interest in better understanding the events that follow transcription initiation and the ways in which the efficiency of early elongation can be modulated to impact expression of these highly regulated genes. Here we describe our current understanding of the steps involved in the transition from an unstable initially transcribing complex into a highly stable and processive elongation complex. We also discuss the interplay between factors that affect early transcript elongation and the potential physiological consequences for genes that are regulated through transcriptional pausing.
Nodosaria Sand Environments in Eastern Counties of Texas Gulf Coast: ABSTRACT

Lithofacies maps of the Nodosaria blanpiedi sand in the middle part of the Frio formation (Oligocene) in the eastern counties of the Upper Texas Gulf Coast were prepared from principally electric well-log correlations. These show a belt of maximum sand concentration extending from central Galveston County northeastward to northern Orange County, approximately paralleling the present coast line. This is interpreted to be a barrier island by comparison with present-day sand distribution along the Texas coast. Downdip from the belt of maximum sand concentration a marked increase in percentage of shale in the Nodosaria zone and in thickness of post-Nodosaria beds suggests the presence of a flexure or "hinge line." Although the Nodosaria sand was deposited principally during a regression of the sea, local areas of thick sand occurring updip from the inferred barrier island indicate deposition in stream channels early in the subsequent transgression. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2514------------
Anomalous Spin Scattering Effects in the Badly Metallic Itinerant Ferromagnet SrRuO3.

SrRuO{sub 3} is an itinerant ferromagnet with {ital T}{sub {ital c}}{approximately}150 K. While the magnetization shows critical behavior that is well fit with universal critical exponents, the temperature derivative of the resistivity shows an unusually strong divergence as {ital T}{r_arrow}{ital T}{sup +}{sub {ital c}} with critical exponents higher than 0.9 and very weak divergence as {ital T}{r_arrow}{ital T}{sub {ital c}}{sup {minus}}. At low temperatures, the resistivity rapidly increases with temperature, and an unusual correlation with magnetization is found. We argue that the two phenomena stem from the fact that SrRuO{sub 3} is an inherently bad metal. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}