cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INDUCED ANTIBODIES THAT REACT IN VITRO WITH SEDIMENTABLE CONSTITUENTS OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUE CELLS : PRESENCE OF THE ANTIBODIES IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS CARRYING VARIOUS TRANSPLANTED CANCERS.

Antibodies were found in the blood of certain rabbits carrying one or another of four transplanted cancers (Brown-Pearce and V2 carcinomas; RSI and Kato sarcomas) which will fix complement in vitro in mixture with saline extracts of various normal and neoplastic rabbit tissues-including liver, kidney, spleen, and the four tumors mentioned-and chick embryo tissue as well. These antibodies, which have been called induced tissue antibodies, are similar to the natural antibodies previously described (2) in that they react with those constituents of the various tissue cells that prove readily sedimentable in the high speed centrifuge; they differ from the natural antibodies in being absent from the blood of normal rabbits and in withstanding 65 degrees C. for 30 minutes. Certain quantitative differences suggest that the induced tissue antibodies have somewhat various affinities, depending in part upon the type of neoplasm carried by the host. They may perhaps be consequent on antigenic differences between the sedimentable constituents of the tumor cells and those of the new hosts; for they were not found in the blood of rabbits carrying papillomas and cancers composed of the animals' own cells, and not in that of rabbits in which multiple vaccinia or fibroma virus lesions had recently regressed. The characters of the sedimentable constituents of normal and neoplastic tissue cells, as revealed thus far by chemical, morphological, and serological studies, have recently been discussed (2,8). In this relation, it has seemed essential to recognize the induced antibodies here described, particularly since they may complicate serological studies aimed at disclosing distinctive sedimentable substances in tissue cells. In an associated paper experiments are reported which bear upon the relation between the induced tissue antibodies and an antibody that reacts specifically with a distinctive sedimentable constituent of Brown-Pearce carcinoma cells (7).
Adaptive actuator failure compensation for nonminimum phase systems

An adaptive control scheme based on pole placement control is developed for linear time-invariant systems with unknown actuator failures to achieve output tracking using output feedback. The developed control scheme is applicable to both minimum and nonminimum phase plants. The actuator failures are characterized by the failure patterns that some control inputs are stuck at unknown fixed values at unknown time instants and cannot be influenced by the control signals. When both plant and actuator failure parameters are known, a detailed analysis shows the existence of a nominal controller that achieves the desired pole placement, output tracking and closed-loop signal boundedness. When both plant and failure parameters are unknown, an adaptive scheme is proposed and adaptive law for parameter estimation is developed, under reduced design conditions on the system, as compared with existing work. A simulation study with a linearized lateral dynamics model of the DC-8 aircraft is presented to verify the desired system performance in the presence of unknown actuator failure.
a Hydrologic Inventory System

The decision making process in development of water resources has often been subjective. A scheme for inventorying the hydrologic properties of watersheds would be a powerful tool, providing objective criteria that can be used in judgments and which can be applied in surveys for water management or conservation purposes. Such an inventory was used in studying the Green River, Wyoming and Little Miami, Ohio. The classification system considered characteristics of the water budget, variability and reliability of flow, and water quality. Class ranks for water budget were based on amount of runoff and water loss. Regulation and variation in flow were ranked on impoundments, variability index, coefficient of variability, 90% flow duration and maximum flow index. The streams’ chemical and solid loads were also considered. Classification of the Green and Little Miami rivers pointed out distinctive differences between their hydrologic characteristics. The inventory can thus be examined to compare stretches of river or whole watersheds, objectively determining the best possible use.
(Why) Do I Think What You Think? Epistemic Social Tuning and Implicit Prejudice

This research examines whether people who experience epistemic motivation (i.e., a desire to acquire knowledge) came to have implicit attitudes consistent with the apparent beliefs of another person. People had lower implicit prejudice when they experienced epistemic motivation and interacted with a person who ostensibly held egalitarian beliefs (Experiments 1 and 2). Implicit prejudice was not affected when people did not experience epistemic motivation. Further evidence shows that this tuning of implicit attitudes occurs when beliefs are endorsed by another person, but not when they are brought to mind via means that do not imply that person’s endorsement (Experiment 3). Results suggest that implicit attitudes of epistemically motivated people tune to the apparent beliefs of others to achieve shared reality.
Architecture and routability analysis for row-based FPGAs

FPGAs combine the logic integration benefits of custom VLSI with the design, production, and time-to-market advantages of standard logic ICs. One class of FPGAs has rows of logic cells interspersed with routing channels have given this family of FPGA devices the flavor of traditional channeled gate arrays or standard cells. This class has the flavor of traditional channeled gate arrays or standard cells and is exemplified by the Actel family of FPGAs. However, unlike conventional standard cell designs, the FPGA routing channels contain predefined wiring segments of various lengths which may be interconnected using antifuses. This paper develops analytical models that permit the design of FPGA routing channels and the analysis of the routability of row-based FPGAs devices based on a generic characterization of the row-based FPGA routing algorithms. In particular, it demonstrates that (using probabilistic models for the origination point and length for connections) an FPGA with properly designed segment length and distribution can be nearly as efficient as a mask-programmable channel (in terms of number of tracks required for routing a given interconnection specification). Experimental results corroborate this prediction. In addition, this paper provides a method for evaluating various channel architectures.
An Investigation of the System: Sorbitol-Sucrose-Water

A method has been developed for the analytical determination of sorbitol-sucrose water systems. The sucrose content is determined by the Lane-Eynon Method, sorbitol not interfering. Sorbitol concentration is determined by a modified T.G.A. Method 47 using periodic acid oxidation, both invert sugar resulting from the procedure and sorbitol undergoing oxidation. The periodic acid consumption is corrected for the amount equivalent to the invert sugar and the sorbitol concentration is then calculated. The solubility behavior of sorbitol-sucrose-water systems at 25° is reported.
Rapid cooling in classic heatstroke: Effect on mortality rates

The case records of 39 patients with classic (non-exertional) heatstroke presenting to an urban emergency department were reviewed. Eight of 39 patients died. Rapid cooling, defined as a rectal temperature of less than or equal to 38.9 degrees C (102 degrees F) within an hour of presentation, was achieved in 27 of 39 patients. Twelve patients had a temperature greater than or equal to 38.9 degrees C (102 degrees F) after one hour of treatment in the emergency department. The rate of mortality in the rapid cooling group was four of 27 (15%), while in the delayed cooling group, the mortality rate was four of 12 (33%) (P = 0.18). Factors such as advanced age, hypotension, altered coagulation status, and the necessity for endotracheal intubation on presentation dictated a poor outcome despite successful cooling measures.
Determination of Plaque Inhibitory Activity of Adenine Arabinoside (9-β-d-Arabinofuranosyladenine) for Herpesviruses Using an Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor

Abstract The in vitro susceptibility of type 1 and type 2 strains of Herpesvirus hominis to 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (adenine arabinoside, ara-A) was measured in a system where deamination was inhibited. Under these conditions, it was possible to measure the activity of low concentrations of ara-A. It was determined that plaque inhibitory concentration for type 1 viruses was less than 3 μg/ml for all strains tested. The plaque inhibitory concentration for 7 of 10 type 2 strains was also less than 3 μg/ml. The method used identified and controlled the interaction between antiviral agent (ara-A) and the indicator system, human skin fibroblastic cells. Otherwise, metabolism of ara-A resulted in rapid enzymatic degradation and loss of antiviral activity.
Libraries across Land and Sea: Academic Library Services on International Branch Campuses

This preliminary study explores how library services are offered at the international branch campuses of U.S. institutions of higher education, including librarians’ experiences, challenges faced, and collaborations with the home U.S. institutions. The data from a Web survey distributed to international branch campus librarians, a conducted interview, and statistical data are presented. The small sample survey data are analyzed qualitatively, suggesting insights on how librarians are embedded in student instruction and staff training and how libraries play an important role in the establishment of international branch campuses. A larger study is strongly suggested to gain more concrete inferences, and the article discusses the role of U.S. academic libraries in the globalization initiatives of their home institutions.
Interannual Variation of the Indian Monsoon Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model: Effect of the Tropical Pacific SST

Abstract Previous studies have shown diagnostically and statistically that the interannual variation of the Indian monsoon is closely correlated with the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). It seems likely that the interannual variation of the Indian monsoon results from the response of this monsoon system to the interannual variations of the Pacific SST. This hypothesis has not been substantiated in the past. In order to test it, Version 1 of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM) was used to perform two parallel climate simulations: a control run using the 12 calendar month climatological SST and a run using real-time Pacific SST. The SST data used in this study are derived from the Comprehensive 0cean-Atrnosphere Data set. Significant interannual variations of the Indian monsoon circulation are generated by the real-time Pacific SST experiment, but not the clmatological SST control experiment in real-time Pacific SST simulation weakened during the 1982 an...
Stochastic Multivariate Evolution

The discussions of stochastic methods in previous chapters were related to the consideration of a single random variable. This approach is appropriate to explain the basic structure of evolution equations for stochastic processes and their PDFs. On the other hand, most applications cannot be handled on the basis of methods that describe the evolution of single variables. Real processes usually take place in the three-dimensional physical space, and they often involve several variables. Examples are given by flow phenomena (the three-dimensional atmospheric wind field that interacts with the temperature), chemical reactor processes (involving a variety of chemical species in three-dimensional reactors), and the competition of several population densities in areas with varying food resources. To prepare the application of stochastic methods to such cases we will extend now the methods developed in Chap. 8 to the case of several random variables. In fact, the methods to be described in this chapter are applicable to a wide range of realistic problems. More detailed descriptions of corresponding applications can be found elsewhere (Pope 2000, Roekaerts 2002, Heinz 2003, Fox 2003, Givi 2006). From a mathematical point of view, the discussion here reveals a relationship between partial differential equations and stochastic ordinary differential equations, which is very helpful for the solution of complicated partial differential equations.
Assessments of Backlash: Evaluating the Response of the Property Rights Movement to Kelo v. City of New London

The Supreme Court’s decision in Kelo v. City of New London led to widespread condemnation of the Court’s apparent indifference to property rights. In particular, the decision was attacked by the property rights movement. Members of that movement have advocated the passage of new state laws that would constrain the exercise of eminent domain by local government entities. They have also sharply criticized states that either did not pass post-Kelo reform laws or passed reform laws that they deem “ineffective.” In this paper, I argue that the critique of post-Kelo reform laws advanced by the property rights movement is flawed because it only looks at the text of those laws, without looking at how state courts have interpreted their states’ eminent domain legislation. By closely examining how courts in two prominent states have dealt with one important aspect of eminent domain – i.e., the findings of blight which must be reached before a redevelopment project can go forward – I show that broad generalizations about how all courts behave when confronted with such issues are inaccurate. The paper demonstrates that the property rights critique of post-Kelo reform laws is incomplete, and that a more accurate assessment of both the necessity and effectiveness of such laws can only be achieved by examining a state’s judicial practice.
Chronic inflammation in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: New roles for the “old” complement pathway

Immune escape is consequential for cancer development. Identifying abnormalities of the immune microenvironment during early carcinogenesis can provide insight into disease pathogenesis and unravel new preventive or therapeutic targets. We recently conducted a comprehensive immune gene expression analysis in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and explored new mechanistic roles for the complement pathway.
Live coding in introductory computer science courses

In this paper, we present a study of "live-coding", an active learning technique in which students create code solutions during class through group discussion. We hypothesized this technique might produce greater learning gains than traditional lectures while requiring less time and effort from the instructor. We begin with a discussion of active learning techniques in STEM disciplines and then present a study to evaluate this instructional method in introductory Computer Science courses. We conclude with a discussion of several interesting and positive trends that deserve further investigation.
Design and Development of a Model Based Feedback Controlled Cooling System for Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Applications Using a Vehicle Engine Cooling System Simulation

A thermal management system for heavy duty diesel engines is presented for maintaining acceptable and constant engine temperatures over a wide range of operational conditions. It consists of a computer controlled variable speed coolant pump, a position controlled thermostat, and a model-based control strategy. An experimentally validated, diesel engine cooling system simulation was used to demonstrate the thermal management system''s capability to reduce power consumption. The controller was evaluated using a variety of operating scenarios across a wide range of loads, vehicle speeds, and ambient temperatures. Three metrics were used to assess the effects of the computer controlled system: engine temperature, energy savings, and cab temperature. The proposed control system provided very good control over the engine coolant temperatures while maintaining engine metal temperatures within a desired range. Less power is needed for the coolant pump which now provides lower and variable coolant flow rates based on engine operating conditions, and the fan power was also reduced in most cases.
Association Between the Number of Suppliers for Critical Antineoplastics and Drug Shortages: Implications for Future Drug Shortages and Treatment.

QUESTION ASKED:Cancer drug shortages remain common in the United States and may force oncologists to prioritize patients for treatment, improvise standard treatment regimens, and potentially choose unproven treatment options for patients with curable disease. Because increased competition may reduce drug shortages, the objective of our study was to investigate the association between the number of suppliers for first-line breast, colon, and lung antineoplastics and resulting drug shortages.SUMMARY ANSWER:Among 35 antineoplastic drugs approved for first-line treatment of breast, colon, and lung cancer, we saw an overall increase in drug shortages over time (12.5%, 33.3%, and 0% of breast, colon, and lung cancer drugs experienced shortages in 2003 v 40.0%, 37.5%, and 54.5% in 2014). Having a small number of drug suppliers more than doubled the odds of shortages compared with a large number of suppliers (five or more, Table 1), although the results were only statistically significant with three to four suppl...
Community Patterns in Urban Moth Assemblages

ABSTRACT. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on insect biodiversity we compared moth assemblages between residential yards and urban woodlots in East Lansing, Michigan. We surveyed 36 sites over six trapping nights, for a total of 24 hours of nighttime light-trapping at each site. We captured over 2700 macromoth individuals and over 4000 micromoth individuals; more than 97% of macromoth individuals were identified to species. We analyzed differences in life history traits such as body size and feeding guild between residential moths and urban woodlot moths. Urban woodlots had a higher overall abundance of moths and higher species richness than residential yards. Residential yards were found to have a high proportion of “tourist species.” Urban woodlot moth species were significantly larger than residential moth species, leading us to hypothesize that larger moths may be more prone to predation in open habitats. The woodlot moth assemblage was also characterized by a hig...
Dose-dependent effects of aluminum on osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2 cells in culture.

This in vitro study evaluates the effect of aluminum (Al3+) on osteocalcin, a small protein that is produced by the osteoblast. After stimulation with various doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,2...
Madagascar's ephemeral palaeo-grazer guild: who ate the ancient C4 grasses?

Madagascar today is 65% grassland. Its grassy biomes were widely interpreted as ‘anthropogenic’ before Bond et al. [[1][1]] challenged that view, claiming that grasses colonized Madagascar during the Miocene. Through an analysis of grass clade endemism and specialization, Vorontsova et al. [[2][
Staging Resistance from the Clergy During the Holocaust: Arthur Giron’s Edith Stein and David Gooderson’s Kolbe’s Gift

The resistance to the Holocaust from Catholic and Protestant clergymen came in myriad forms. A few clergy willingly gave up their lives, thus becoming martyrs for refusing to be judged by Nazi law, surrendering instead to divine justice. Such noble and heroic decisions in which a humble person surrenders life in defiance of a totalitarian regime opposed to Christian humanism is a subject most worthy of study. This essay focuses exclusively on stage representations of the extreme sacrifices the clergy made during the Holocaust as reflected by martyrdom in Arthur Giron’s Edith Stein and David Gooderson’s Kolbe’s Gift. The protagonists of these two plays, Edith Stein and Maximilian Kolbe, died and suffered greatly to uphold the moral position of the Church.
Reengineering engineering education

OUR most valuable resources are human. It can be one of the rarest competitive advantages for an organization. Developing our human resources as a society has been within the realm of our educational institutions. Higher education institutions, especially in the engineering discipline serve many purposes, but developing creative, critical, and analytical thinkers is among the most important for industry and our standard of living. Engineering schools are all about analyzing inputs and outputs and improving process efficiency, except the operating processes of the engineering school itself.
More than One Way in: Three Gln3 Sequences Required To Relieve Negative Ure2 Regulation and Support Nuclear Gln3 Import in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Gln3 is responsible for Nitrogen Catabolite Repression-sensitive transcriptional activation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae In nitrogen-replete medium, Gln3 is cytoplasmic and NCR-sensitive transcription is repressed. In nitrogen-limiting medium, in cells treated with TorC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, or the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (Msx), Gln3 becomes highly nuclear and NCR-sensitive transcription derepressed. Previously, nuclear Gln3 localization was concluded to be mediated by a single nuclear localization sequence, NLS1. Here, we show that nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization is significantly more complex than previously appreciated. We identify three Gln3 sequences, other than NLS1, that are highly required for nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization. Two of these sequences exhibit characteristics of monopartite (K/R-Rich NLS) and bipartite (S/R NLS) NLSs, respectively. Mutations altering these sequences are partially epistatic to a ure2Δ. The third sequence, the Ure2 relief sequence, exhibits no predicted NLS homology and is only necessary when Ure2 is present. Substitution of the basic amino acid repeats in the Ure2 relief sequence or phosphomimetic aspartate substitutions for the serine residues between them abolishes nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization in response to both limiting nitrogen and rapamycin treatment. In contrast, Gln3-Myc13 responses are normal in parallel serine-to-alanine substitution mutants. These observations suggest that Gln3 responses to specific nitrogen environments likely occur in multiple steps that can be genetically separated. At least one general step that is associated with the Ure2 relief sequence may be prerequisite for responses to the specific stimuli of growth in poor nitrogen sources and rapamycin inhibition of TorC1.
What Ails Thee

Over twenty years ago, the story of Parzival unfolded in my eleventh-grade classroom. Engaging adolescents in a twelfth century hero’s dilemma was a tricky test of my arts-based teaching approach, but it led to an adventure, a journey that revealed many gems sparkling along the way.
A comparison study of time-dependent dielectric breakdown for analog and digital circuit's optimal accelerated test regions

This paper investigates not only the traditional reliability concern, frontend-of-line dielectric breakdown (GTDDB), but also the newly emerging wearout mechanism, Middle-of-Line (MOL) time dependent dielectric breakdown (MTDDB). The optimal accelerated test conditions for these mechanisms are presented, which involves separate test conditions for each mechanism. To perform circuit-level accelerated life test, the optimal conditions vary for analog and digital circuits and need to be carefully considered before conducting the tests. Only tests in the optimal region are able to reflect the lifetime of the target wearout mechanism. Circuit designers will benefit due to the fact that different test conditions detect different wearout mechanisms. Therefore, the accelerated tests will provide information on the causes of failure, and circuit designers can use this information to redesign their circuits in a more robust and reliable way.
Use of Mathematics in Assessing Solute Exchange Across the Lung Epithelium

Our early attempts to understand the role of the lung epithelium in the pathophysiology of lung edema and alveolar flooding were hampered by a lack of techniques for specifically assessing changes in lung epithelial permeability to proteins. Consequently, we have developed two methods for assessing solute exchange across the lung epithelium: 1) the use of nuclear imaging techniques to measure the rate of clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-labeled tracers from the air spaces of the lungs, and 2) the analysis of the clearance of these tracers via the lung lymphatics. Both of these methods employ mathematical modeling techniques to obtain the maximum amount of information from the data.
Homoallylglycine residues are superior precursors to orthogonally modified thioether containing polypeptides.

Homoallylglycine N-carboxyanhydride, Hag NCA, monomers were synthesized and used to prepare polypeptides containing Hag segments with controllable lengths of up to 245 repeats. Poly(L-homoallylglycine), GHA, was found to adopt an α-helical conformation, which provided good solubility in organic solvents and allowed high yield functionalization of its alkene side-chains via radical promoted addition of thiols. The conformations of these derivatives were shown to be switchable between α-helical and disordered states in aqueous media using thioether alkylation or oxidation reactions. Incorporation of GHA segments into block copolymers with poly(L-methionine), M, segments provided a means to orthogonally modify thioether side-chains different ways in separate copolypeptide domains. This approach allows preparation of functional polypeptides containing discrete domains of oxidized and alkylated thioether containing residues, where chain conformation and functionality of each domain can be independently modified.
The Return of the Druses: Djabal, Betwixt and Between

Mansoor the Hierophant first appeared in 1840 and re-emerged in 1843 as The Return of the Druses. It is Browning’s first major text to deal with distinctly Arab characters and motifs. The plot entangles a cast of disparate international characters: Frankish Hospitallers, Lebanese Druses, and Venetians, all removed from their familiar cultural and religious milieus. The setting, 1500s Cyprus, is situated at the intersection of North and East and functions as a laboratory where Browning experiments with different cultures, ethnicities, and faiths in a superb study of contrasts. The play is a meditation on the use and misuse of power, especially in a hegemonic colonial setting. Considered experimental and ‘modern,’ Browning’s approach garnered little understanding and success.
Worldwide View of Child Wellbeing

“How are the kids doing?” is a wellbeing question. Many adults might be able to answer the question for their own children or those in their immediate surroundings, and many children may provide information about their own wellbeing or those of other children. However, applied to large populations of children at the national and cross-nationallevels, questions of this genre are more challenging and have stimulated the rapid development of studies of child wellbeing in recent decades. This chapter reviews the objective and subjective approaches to measuring child wellbeing, describes the roots of this field in the social indicators movement of the 1960s and 1970s, outlines the conceptual and methodological development of child wellbeing research, and summarizes empirical findings from several major national and cross-nationalstudies of child wellbeing. The chapter concludes with future directions and needed conceptual and data developments to advance the global monitoring of child wellbeing.
Accuracy of the Modal-Local Method for Reactivity Determination

Control rod worth measurements through the inverse kinetics equation depend on accurate determination of the amplitude function from detector signals. The modal-local method introduced in a previou...
Hematologic abnormalities in AIDS.

HIV-infected patients frequently have significant hematologic abnormalities. The pathogenesis of bone marrow alterations, peripheral blood cytopenias, and circulating autoantibodies are complex and often multifactorial. The clinical consequences of many of these abnormalities remain to be defined and may differ from those traditionally seen in non-HIV-infected populations. Studies of hematopoietins in AIDS offer new insights into regulatory mechanisms that may modulate HIV expression. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatments for HIV-related hematologic complications.
Does Low FEV1 in Addition to Fixed Ratio and/or Lower Limit of Normal of FEV1/FVC Improve Prediction of Mortality in COPD? The NHANES-III-linked-mortality Cohort.

Abstract Purpose There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) Methods In 1988–1994 the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) measured FEV1 and FVC with mortality follow-up data through December 31, 2011. For this survival analysis 7472 persons aged 40 and over with complete data formed the analytic sample. Results There were a total of 3554 deaths. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression revealed an increased hazard ratio in persons with both fixed ratio and lower limit of normal with a low FEV1 (1.79, p Conclusions The addition of FEV1
"Visual" Cortices of Congenitally Blind Adults Respond to Executive Demands

How functionally flexible is human cortex? In congenitally blind individuals, visual cortices are active during auditory and tactile tasks. The cognitive role of these responses and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. A dominant view is that, in blindness, visual cortices process information from low-level auditory and somatosensory systems. An alternative hypothesis is that higher-cognitive fronto-parietal systems take over visual cortices. We report that, in congenitally blind individuals, right-lateralized visual cortex responds to executive-load in a go/no-go task. These right-lateralized occipital cortices of blind, but not sighted, individuals mirrored the executive-function pattern observed in fronto-parietal systems. In blindness, the same visual cortex area, at rest, also increases its synchronization with prefrontal executive control regions and decreases its synchronization with auditory and sensorimotor cortices. These results support the hypothesis of top-down fronto-parietal takeover of visual cortices, and suggest that human cortex is highly flexible at birth.
An Overview of Systemic-Organizational Consultation for Professional Counselors

This literature review integrates classic and recent scholarship on the framework of systemic-organizational consultation. The authors identify and describe the principles of systemic-organizationa...
Ultrabarrier Films for Packaging Flexible Electronics: Examining the Role of Thin-Film Technology

The development of organic electronics, such as organic LED (OLED) devices and organic field effect transistors (OFE Ts), as well as thin-film solar cells enable the development of devices with a range of functionality in f lexible form factors [1]-[6].
Microglia and Neutrophils to the Rescue

Invasive candidiasis is a medical condition that is challenging to treat. A recent study (Drummond et al. Nat. Immunol. 2019;20:559–570) reveals new insights into the role of microglia and neutrophils in limiting fungal dissemination to the mouse brain. Gaining knowledge into tissue-specific protection mechanisms may ensure improved prognosis and disease management against fungal infections.
Data aggregation in disease surveillance

Invited discussion paper for "A Review of Some Sampling and Aggregation Strategies for Basic Statistical Process Monitoring" by Zwetsloot and Woodall.
Repositioning of malpositioned peripherally inserted central catheter lines with the use of intracavitary electrocardiogram: A pediatric case series.

Introduction:Peripherally inserted central catheter tip migration is an infrequent event that occurs in neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients. We discuss a novel technique of utilizing intracavit...
Predictors of Treatment Failure Following De-escalation to a Fluoroquinolone in Culture-Negative Nosocomial Pneumonia.

Background: Little evidence exists for de-escalation of nosocomial pneumonia therapy without positive cultures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify potential predictors of treatmen...
Of "tomatoes" and men: a continuing analysis of gender in music radio formats.

The 2015 radio controversy “SaladGate” revealed a lack of female music artists gaining airplay. This study expands a previous gender analysis of American music radio into a longitudinal study. A co...
The cross-linking action of organophosphorus poisons; Implications for chronic neurotoxicity

Abstract Treatment of pure proteins with organophosphorus toxicants caused proteins to form nonreducible high-molecular-weight multimers. Tubulin was a particularly good example of a protein sensitive to modification by chlorpyrifos oxon. The chemical bonds responsible for the multimer structure were analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that chlorpyrifos oxon and other organophosphorus toxicants made covalent adducts on the e-amino group of lysine, thus activating lysine for reaction with a nearby γ-carboxyl of glutamic or β-carboxyl of aspartic acid. A stable isopeptide bond between proteins was formed, explaining the high-molecular-weight protein multimers. We hypothesize that chemically induced, cross-linked tubulin and other proteins in the brain disrupt microtubule function leading to neurotoxicity.
Critical Difference Engagement: Toward a Critical Practice Approach to Mobilize Differences in Community Practice

Although community practice increasingly deals with differences across race, gender identity, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and their intersections, approaches continue to be dominated...
A comparison of base running start techniques in collegiate fastpitch softball athletes

This study examined the time difference between three different base running start techniques. Thirteen Division II collegiate softball players performed maximal sprints off a softball bag at two different distances. Sprint times at 4.57 and 18.29 meters for each technique were measured using Fusion Sport’s Smartspeed System. At both 4.57 and 18.29 meters, the rocking start (0.84 ± 0.10; 3.04 ± 0.16 s) was found to be significantly faster (in seconds) than both the split technique (1.01 ± 0.04; 3.27 ± 0.12 s) and the crouch technique (1.05 ± 0.12; 3.35 ± 0.16 s) ( p < 0.05). Results recommend that the rocking start technique be implemented as the starting position off the bag in fastpitch softball. Implementing the rocking technique may enhance performance and success in stealing and base running.
Term Structure Forecasts of Volatility and Option Portfolio Returns

I examine the predictability of equity implied volatility from the term structure, and find that forward volatility levels are biased predictors of future spot implied volatility. I construct options structures which proxy for forward volatility assets, and show that a long-short portfolio of forward volatility assets produce significantly profitable returns. As the construction of the trade is borne from a violation of an expectations hypothesis, the strategy is similar to the carry trade effected in foreign exchange and other assets. Unlike the returns to carry in foreign exchange and other assets, the forward volatility assets are not exposed to liquidity or volatility risks and negatively loads on market risk.
Subjective Well-Being, Critical Race Theory, and the Assessment of Measurement Invariance Across Racial Groups:

The present study explores how Black and White youth respond to measures of subjective well-being within the context of critical race theory (CRT). Three levels of measurement invariance (i.e., con...
Identity-Conscious Strategies to Engage At-Promise Students in a Learning Community: Shared Courses in a Comprehensive College Transition Program:

Background/Context:Low-income, racially minoritized, and first-generation college students (at-promise students) attending predominantly White, middle class institutions often face inequitable acce...
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Variable Platyfish Xiphophorus variatus.

We present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Variable Platyfish, Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). The genome consists of 16,624 bp which encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 1 control region. Genome-wide nucleotide composition is 27.79% adenine, 31.11% cytosine, 15.63% guanine, and 25.48% thymine. The X. variatus mitochondrial genome shares similar GC content and identical gene order and gene strand location with other members of Poeciliidae. The sequence presented herein will be of utility for future phylogenetic and biomedical research and for designing primers for species detection from environmental DNA samples.
The Roles of Sensegiving Language and Context in Change Announcement Acceptance

Do leaders use sensegiving language in organization-wide planned change announcements? Does sensegiving language prompt organizational support? What contextual factors influence the reception of ch...
Stereo X-Ray System Calibration for Three-Dimensional Measurements

Advances in multiple view computer vision techniques have made it possible to make highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) measurements using calibrated stereo image systems. Recent experiments conducted at Sandia National Laboratories have demonstrated the feasibility of applying these techniques on an X-Ray system. Acquiring measurements from stereo image systems, be it visible or x-ray, require the estimation of the system’s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters via a calibration process. There are several calibration methods depending on the system’s configuration and its intended use. In most cases, one or more image pairs of a calibration artifact such as a 3D object of known dimension or a 2D target board are processed to estimate the system’s calibration parameters. For this paper, methods based on both types of calibration artifacts will be discussed along with experimental results.
A model of impairment and functional limitation in rheumatoid arthritis

We have previously proposed a theoretical model for studying physical disability and other outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this paper is to test a model of impairment and functional limitation in (RA), using empirical data from a sample of RA patients. We based the model on the disablement process framework. We posited two distinct types of impairment in RA: 1) Joint inflammation, measured by the tender, painful and swollen joint counts; and 2) Joint deformity, measured by the deformed joint count. We hypothesized direct paths from the two impairments to functional limitation, measured by the shirt-button speed, grip strength and walking velocity. We used structural equation modeling to test the hypothetical relationships, using empirical data from a sample of RA patients recruited from six rheumatology clinics. The RA sample was comprised of 779 RA patients. In the structural equation model, the joint inflammation impairment displayed a strong significant path toward the measured variables of joint pain, tenderness and swelling (standardized regression coefficients 0.758, 0.872 and 0.512, P ≤ 0.001 for each). The joint deformity impairment likewise displayed significant paths toward the measured upper limb, lower limb, and other deformed joint counts (standardized regression coefficients 0.849, 0.785, 0.308, P ≤ 0.001 for each). Both the joint inflammation and joint deformity impairments displayed strong direct paths toward functional limitation (standardized regression coefficients of -0.576 and -0.564, respectively, P ≤ 0.001 for each), and explained 65% of its variance. Model fit to data was fair to good, as evidenced by a comparative fit index of 0.975, and the root mean square error of approximation = 0.058. This evidence supports the occurrence of two distinct impairments in RA, joint inflammation and joint deformity, that together, contribute strongly to functional limitations in this disease. These findings may have implications for investigators aiming to measure outcome in RA.
Crisis Planning in Small Businesses:: Importance, Impetus and Indifference

Abstract This study examines crisis planning in a survey of small businesses. It specifically focuses on the perceived importance of crisis planning by small business managers. In particular, we investigate whether the experience of an actual crisis event by a business generates concern for future crises, if concern is generated more from the occurrence of a crisis event or from the presence of a crisis management team. Results of the study indicate that crisis planning receives little attention in the small businesses surveyed, and for most small business managers, an actual crisis event must occur before crisis planning becomes a concern. Concern for crises is generated by experiencing crisis events, rather than by the presence of crisis management teams. It was found that even those businesses that had previously experienced crises did not have crisis management teams.
A standards-based inventory of foundation competencies in social work with groups: An empirical test in Scotland

Abstract: This paper describes the application and testing in Scotland of a measure of foundation competencies in groupwork, derived from standards for social work practice with groups. Developed by the International Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Groups (IASWG), the IASWG Standards have not been widely used outside of Canada or the U.S.A. A 70-item inventory based on the Standards was developed to measure two domains, how important each item is for successful groupwork, and how confident the respondent is about demonstrating the skill in practice. The first study, with a mostly North American sample, reported excellent reliability and good validity. This paper reports new findings on the reliability and validity of the inventory from data collected from students and practitioners across Scotland (N = 161), and includes qualitative impressions from participants. The results indicated excellent internal consistency for both the importance and confidence subscales, with low standard errors of measurement. An item analysis revealed high respondent ratings, supporting content validity. Significant correlations between the subscales and validators supported the measure’s concurrent, construct-convergent, and criterion known-groups validity. The findings suggest the cross-national applicability of the inventory (and the Standards represented by the inventory), while also illuminating areas for refinement.
GAPDH prevents oxidant-induced apoptosis in smooth muscle cells via upregulation of APE1/Ref-1 endonuclease (1093.1)

We have shown that oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) co-localized with apoptotic smooth muscle cells (SMC) in atherosclerotic plaque and that OxLDL downregulated the major glycolytic enzyme ...
Copyright, Technology, and Access to the Law: An Opinionated Primer

Recently, the state of Oregon has used copyright law to threaten people who were publishing its laws online. Can they really do that? More to the point, why would they? This essay will put the Oregon fracas in historical context, and explain the public policies at stake. Ultimately, it'll try to convince you that Oregon's demands, while wrong, aren't unprecedented. People have been claiming copyright in the law for a long time, and at times they've been able to make a halfway convincing case for it. While there are good answers to these arguments, they're not always the first ones that come to hand. It's really only the arrival of the Internet that genuinely puts the long-standing goal of free and unencumbered access to the law within our grasp. This essay, written for nonlawyers and people interested in contemporary debates over access to the law, explains what's at stake in the Oregon dispute, how people have tried such things before, the role of new technologies in improving legal publishing, what the law has to say about it, and where we ought to go from here.
An overview of Wireless Sensor Network and applications

Wireless Sensor Networks represent a new generation of real-time embedded systems with significantly different communication constraints from the traditional networked systems. This paper first discusses about the hardware platforms and secondly about the software platform. Then detailed information about networking and applications of the Wireless Sensor Networks is outlined. Lastly, this paper provides the future application of the wireless sensor networks for the laboratory mice.
The four I's of school reform : how interests, ideology, information, and institution affect teachers and principals

A popular strategy of school reform over the past two decades has involved shifting decisionmaking authority from one level to another: from the district to the state to the school. This venue-changing approach assumes that actors working within a different forum will make different and better decisions about schooling that will ultimately lead to improved teaching and learning. In this article, Carol Weiss zeroes in on shared decisionmaking (SDM), one such reform initiative. Using what she refers to as the "4-I" analysis, Weiss explains how interests, ideology, information, and the institution affect teacher and principal responses to shared decisionmaking, and discusses their unsettling implications for school reform.
Children’s Understanding of Ordinary and Extraordinary Minds

How and when do children develop an understanding of extraordinary mental capacities? The current study tested 56 preschoolers on false-belief and knowledge-ignorance tasks about the mental states of contrasting agents—some agents were ordinary humans, some had exceptional perceptual capacities, and others possessed extraordinary mental capacities. Results indicated that, in contrast to younger and older peers, children within a specific age range reliably attributed fallible, human-like capacities to ordinary humans and to several special agents (including God) for both tasks. These data lend critical support to an anthropomorphism hypothesis—which holds that children’s understanding of extraordinary minds is derived from their everyday intuitive psychology—and reconcile disparities between the findings of other studies on children’s understanding of extraordinary minds.
An anonymous multi-server authenticated key agreement scheme based on trust computing using smart cards and biometrics

Password-based remote user authentication schemes are widely investigated, with recent research increasingly combining a user's biometrics with a password to design a remote user authentication scheme that enhances the level of the security. However, these authentication schemes are designed for a single server environment and result in users needing to register many times when they want to access different application servers. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose an anonymous multi-server authenticating key agreement scheme based on trust computing using smart cards, password, and biometrics. Our scheme not only supports multi-server environments but also achieves many security requirements. In addition, our scheme is a lightweight authentication scheme which only uses the nonce and a hash function. From the subsequent analysis, the proposed scheme can be seen to resist several kinds of attacks, and to have more security properties than other comparable schemes.