cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Pre-service Teachers’ Professional Practice Through Reflection on the Action of Others: The Development of the Heterospective Reflection Framework Informed by Virtual Field Experiences

In this study, a grounded theory approach was adopted to develop the heterospective reflection framework as an explanatory and analytical schema for the investigation of reflection on the action of...
How to Prevent the Next Generation of Nurses From “Eating Their Young”

Abstract Background Workplace bullying is prevalent throughout health care. A review of the literature found the use of role-play simulation raises awareness and understanding of strategies to address bullying—this study used simulation by holding an event in a realistic setting, prebriefing, simulation, and a robust debriefing. Purpose This institutional review board–approved exploratory qualitative investigation was to understand the student's awareness of bullying and to increase their knowledge of bullying behavior and strategies to use when it occurs. Methods A convenience sample of senior BSN nursing students participated in a 2-hour bullying simulation and completed a reflection survey. The grounded theory method was used to analyze individual responses. Results Six major themes with several associated minor themes were revealed. These major themes include the chaotic environment, great learning experience, emotional response, behaviors, barriers to learning, and impact on the nurse. Conclusions The simulation had an impact on the students personally and professionally, and they learned from the experience.
Minimal cosmological masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons

I conjecture non-zero bare masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons, derived from quantum-mechanical localization at a cosmological scale. That entails the existence of photon or gluon Bose–Einstein (BE) condensates in a comoving Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker geometry. I derive tantalizing results that set the inter-particle distance in these BE condensates almost at the nucleon scale and a corresponding critical temperature of condensation almost at the end of the quark epoch or the beginning of quark–gluon confinement. My estimates for particle mass and number density in these BE condensates suggest remarkable relations among fundamental constants, $$h, c, G, \Lambda $$, at the most microscopic and cosmological scales of quantum and relativity theories.
Damage control resuscitation

The United States Navy originally utilized the concept of damage control to describe the process of prioritizing the critical repairs needed to return a ship safely to shore during a maritime emergency. To pursue a completed repair would detract from the goal of saving the ship. This concept of damage control management in crisis is well suited to the care of the critically ill trauma patient, and has evolved into the standard of care. Damage control resuscitation is not one technique, but, rather, a group of strategies which address the lethal triad of coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia. In this article, we describe this approach to trauma resuscitation and the supporting evidence base.
4 – Mammary Gland

Publisher Summary The mammary glands of all mammals are structurally and biologically designed to produce milk for offspring. They develop from bilateral ectodermal thickenings that form milk lines extending from the neck to the inguinal region in the developing fetus. Milk buds form as more discrete thickenings along these lines that then develop into the nipple and mammary gland. In mice, there are five pairs of mammary glands located along the ventral milk line between the neck and perianal area. Male mice lack nipples because the mammary tissue regresses in males during embryonic development. The single pair of mammary glands in humans is situated within the superficial facia of the anterior thoracic wall above the pectoralis major and extending upwards into the axilla. However, supernumerary nipples and glands in humans can be present anywhere along the milk line.
Surgical treatment of heart failure: left ventricular reconstruction, mitral valve plasty and coronary artery bypass surgery

Heart failure is a progressive disease.Although surgical interventions for heart failure are still being explored and improved, their use in children is limited.This paper introduced several kinds of heart surgery support treatment methods: left ventricular reconstruction, mitral valve plasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. Key words: Heart failure; Left ventricular reconstruction; Mitral valve plasty; Coronary artery bypass surgery
Endomorphic presentations of branch groups

We introduce “endomorphic presentations,” or L-presentations: group presentations whose relations are iterated under a set of substitutions on the generating set, and show that a broad class of groups acting on rooted trees admit explicitly constructible finite L-presentations, generalising results by Igor Lysionok and Said Sidki.
Evolving Maximally Symmetric Spacetime Bubbles from Spontaneous Z_2-Violation at Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Scale

The Einstein-Gordon equations for Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) geometries in feedback reaction with the quartically self-interacting physical field, arisen from the "inner parity" spontaneous breaking, are explicitly formulated. The Hamiltonian density non-positive extrema would classically forbid both spatially closed and flat homogeneous and isotropic worlds if these were to allow the physical field to (repeatedly) go through and to (finally) settle down in a ground state. In this respect, the fixed point exact solutions of the spontaneous Z_2-symmetry breaking Einstein-Gordon equations (mandatory) describe (k=-1)-FRW manifolds which actually are either Milne or anti-de Sitter Universes. Setting the Z_2-invariance breaking scale at the one of the electroweak symmetry, we speculate on the cosmological implications of the Higgs-anti-de Sitter bubbles and derive a set of particular closed-form solutions to the S_2-cobordism with a spatially flat FRW Universe.
Multiplexed electrospray emission on a porous wedge

Linear porous wedge electrospray emitters exhibit a discrete number of emission sites that naturally form during operation. An analytical model is developed to examine the behavior and spacing of these emission sites via the pressure variation in the porous fluid flow associated with the flow focusing on each emission site, which is coupled with the local electric field. The solution for site spacing and current is informed by empirical results with support from electric field modeling and investigation of porous media parameters. Emission site currents of up to 500 nA and site spacings of roughly 50 µm–300 µm are predicted. Results from the model match well with experimental trends and provide further insights into the current and spacing of the discrete emission sites. These insights include the following: (1) for the investigated geometry, the total current can be estimated without taking into account the effects local to each emission site, (2) the wedge hydraulic resistance shows how the emitter output scales with emitter geometry and propellant properties, and (3) the emitted charge to mass ratio increases with the applied electric field. Last, we present a physical description of how specific charge increases with the restorative pressure from the reservoir.
High school science fair: Experiences of undergraduate bioscience majors

In this paper, we report findings based on voluntary and anonymous surveys completed by post high school students on bioscience education trajectories -- summer undergraduate research fellows (SURF students) who were doing research at UT Southwestern Medical Center during 2014-2019 and biology undergraduates who participated in the 2019 Howard Hughes Medical Institute annual Science Education Alliance (SEA) summer symposium. About 25% of the students who completed surveys indicated that they had participated in high school science fair, but more than half attended high schools where science fairs were unavailable. Effectively, therefore, 6 out of every 10 students participated in science fair if available. Students who could have participated in high school science fair but chose not to do so identified not enough time and coming up with their project idea as major reasons why not. About half the SURF students favored requiring non-competitive science fair regardless whether they themselves had participated in science fair. On the other hand, less than 1 in 5 thought that competitive science fair should be required. Introduction to the scientific process and general learning were mentioned most frequently as the reasons to require non-competitive science fair; these reasons were mentioned rarely in connection with competitive science fair. Unlike the national cohort of high school students we surveyed previously, who mostly did science fair in 9th and 10th grades, SURF students participated in science fair throughout high school and were twice as likely as high school students to have carried out science fair more than once. Re-evaluation of the national cohort of high school students based on grade level showed that for those doing science fair in 12th grade, about 80% indicated that they were interested in careers in science or engineering up from 50% in 9th grade, and those uninterested in a career dropped from 35% to 3% over the same period. In conclusion, our findings show that participation of undergraduate bioscience majors in high school science fair occurs far more frequently than recognized previously. We emphasize the importance of incentivizing rather than requiring science fair participation and the potential value of developing non-competitive science fairs, especially for students in 9th and 10th grades.
Dermatology Residency Research Policies: A 2021 National Survey

Abstract Background In this follow-up study to previous work, the authors survey the availability of key measures and resources pertaining to residency research in United States Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited dermatology residency programs, including potential policy changes following the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The chief objective of this survey was to evaluate and compare dermatology programs’ resident research requirements and guidelines. Methods This cross-sectional study employed a 13-item survey administered online in early 2021 to assess the degree to which dermatology residency programs require and support their new physician graduates in scholarly research endeavors. Results Thirty-two program directors representing 30 dermatology residency programs (30/138=22% out of the 138 accredited programs contacted) responded to the survey. Almost all programs described quality improvement project requirements for residents, and were able to provide funding for resident conference participation. Most programs also reported resident publication requirements and the availability of research electives. However, the vast majority did not have required research rotations or a formal mentorship program. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a substantial impact on residency research requirements. Conclusions Our survey provides objective data about the current dermatology resident research requirements across the United States. These findings may prove valuable to prospective applicants, residency programs, and accrediting agencies in improving, advancing, and structuring dermatology residency guidelines and resources with the aim of encouraging new physician trainees to pursue research.
Model-guided engineering of DNA sequences with predictable site-specific recombination rates

Site-specific recombination (SSR) is an important tool in genome editing and gene circuit design. However, its applications are limited by the inability to simply and predictably tune SSR reaction rates across orders of magnitude. Facile rate manipulation can in principle be achieved by modifying the nucleotide sequence of the DNA substrate of the recombinase, but the design principles for rationally doing so have not been elucidated. To enable predictable tuning of SSR reaction kinetics via DNA sequence, we developed an integrated experimental and computational method to parse individual nucleotide contributions to the overall reaction rate, which we used to analyze and engineer the DNA attachment sequence attP for the inversion reaction mediated by the serine recombinase Bxb1. A quantitative PCR method was developed to measure the Bxb1 reaction rate in vitro. Then, attP sequence libraries were designed, selected, and sequenced to inform a machine-learning model, which revealed that the Bxb1 reaction rate can be accurately represented assuming independent contributions of nucleotides at key positions. Next, we used the model to predict the performance of DNA site variants in reaction rate assays both in vitro and in Escherichia coli, with flipping rates ranging from 0.01- to 10-fold that of the wild-type attP sequence. Finally, we demonstrate that attP variants with predictable DNA recombination rates can be used in concert to achieve kinetic control in gene circuit design by coordinating the coexpression of two proteins in both their relative proportion and their total amount. Our high-throughput, data-driven method for rationally tuning SSR reaction rates through DNA sequence modification enhances our understanding of recombinase function and expands the synthetic biology toolbox. Graphical abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation and Myocardial Fibrosis: Lessons Learned from FB-Specific Conditional Mouse Models

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cardiac fibrosis is associated with HF progression. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. This is a physiological response to tissue injury. However, uncontrolled fibrosis leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary drivers of myocardial fibrosis. However, until recently, FBs were thought to play a secondary role in cardiac pathophysiology. This review article will present the evolving story of fibroblast biology and fibrosis in cardiac diseases, emphasizing their recent shift from a supporting to a leading role in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Indeed, this story only became possible because of the emergence of FB-specific mouse models. This study includes an update on the advancements in the generation of FB-specific mouse models. Regarding the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis, we will focus on the pathways that have been validated using FB-specific, in vivo mouse models. These pathways include the TGF-β/SMAD3, p38 MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK), and Hippo signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation and fibrosis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of adverse fibrotic remodeling in the diseased heart.
Normalizing race in (gifted) education: genomics and spaces of White exceptionalism

This paper utilizes the concept of ‘discriminate biopower’ to explore how advancements in social and behavioral genomics might inform the racially exclusionary nature of one of the most inequitable...
Eliminating Racial Discrimination in Healthcare

Equal access to quality healthcare is a crucial issue facing the United States (2). For too long, too many Americans have been equal access to quality healthcare based on race, ethnicity, and gender (3). Many factors contribute to disparities: cultural incompetence of healthcare providers, socioeconomic inequities, disparate impact of facially neutral practices and policies, inadequacy of civil rights laws and enforcement, and multiple forms of discrimination. These disparities exist in health status, access to healthcare services, participation in health research and receipt of healthcare financing (4). This disparity in healthcare is doubly significant given the devastating racial disparity in health status that exists. The combination of racial disparity in health status, institutional racism in healthcare and inadequate legal protection points to a need for a major civil rights law for healthcare.
Network-Oriented Design

Most HCI designs have focused on a user interacting with an application that is resident in a single computer system. Indeed, Chapters 9 through 11 took this approach. Whether or not the target computer is actually a node in a larger system, namely, a network of computers, is often treated as secondary if not altogether irrelevant. After all, as long as the user can somehow log into a remotely located computer and then be treated as if it were local, the network environment seems unimportant.
Isolation of a human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase cDNA and expression of the protein in Escherichia coli. Role of ASP-118 and ASP-121 in catalysis.

Abstract A cDNA encoding human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from a lambda gt11 library by screening with a rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase cDNA. The cDNA (1421 base pairs) contains an open reading frame encoding 337 amino acids, corresponding to a protein with an estimated molecular weight of 36,697. Its primary sequence is highly homologous to that of the pig kidney and rat liver enzymes. The human liver cDNA was used to construct a T7 RNA polymerase-transcribed expression vector, and the enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Approximately 50% of the expressed human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was soluble and enzymatically active, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and substrate/AMP elution from carboxymethyl-Sephadex. Expressed human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase had a specific activity (9.8 mumol/min/mg of protein) that was half that of the rat liver enzyme, but had an identical Km for substrate. However, the human enzyme was more sensitive to inhibition by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Ki = 0.3 microM) and AMP (Ki = 12 microM) than the rat liver form (fructose 2,6-P2, Ki = 4 microM; AMP, Ki = 40 microM). Crystallographic analyses have suggested that Asp-118 and Asp-121 are catalytic residues located in a negatively charged pocket that binds divalent metal cations. These residues were mutated to alanine, and the E. coli-expressed mutant enzymes were purified to homogeneity. The Asp-118-->Ala and Asp-121-->Ala mutants had 1/5000 and 1/20,000 lower Kcat values than the wild-type enzyme, respectively, consistent with their critical role in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase catalysis.
50 - USGS Earthquake Moment Tensor Catalog

The US Geological Survey's National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) has been computing moment tensor solutions for all moderate-to-large sized earthquakes. Station coverage is mainly responsible for the ability to move the magnitude thresholds lower with time. The inversion procedure is based on multichannel signal enhancement theory. This inversion technique is applied to digitally recorded broadband P -waveform data from US National Network (USNSN) and Global Seismograph Network (GSN) stations that have good signal-to-noise ratios and that are located at epicentral distances between 30° and 95°. The moment tensor solutions, along with the hypocentral parameters determined by the NEIC, are listed in the files such as (1) MT.LIS, which contains the elements of the moment tensors along with detailed event information; (2) FMECH.LIS, which contains the decompositions into the principal axes and best double-couples; and (3) FMECH.DOC, which describes the various fields.
Quotients of Poincaré Polynomials Evaluated at –1

For a finite reflection group i>W and parabolic subgroup i>WJ, we establish that the quotient of Poincare polynomials \frac{W(t)}{W_J(t)}, when evaluated at i>te−1, counts the number of cosets of i>WJ in i>W fixed by the longest element. Our case-by-case proof relies on the work of Stembridge (Stembridge, i>Duke Mathematical Journal, 73 (1994), 469–490) regarding minuscule representations and on the calculations of \frac{W(-1)}{W_J(-1)} of Tan (Tan, i>Communications in Algebra, 22 (1994), 1049–1061).
Five Teachers’ Range of Views on the Iraq war

The significance of this qualitative study is in showing, for the first time, what American teachers are teaching about the Iraq war and their conceptions of controversy and balanced instruction in the context of their lessons. Through in-depth interviews, five high school social studies teachers’ lessons related to the Iraq war were examined and analyzed through the lenses of Issues-Centered Education and teachers’ curriculum gatekeeping. Findings show that teachers’ conception of controversy and balanced instruction influences the way they teach about public controversies. Furthermore, the Iraq war controversy provides a unique opportunity to see how the Iraq war is taught during war time.
Predictive ability of four auroral precipitation models as evaluated using Polar UVI global images

[1] Auroral precipitation models have been valuable tools for several decades, but it has been difficult to estimate their objective accuracy. The use of global UV imagers, which make relatively instantaneous estimates of hemispheric auroral power, provides one approach forward. We present the first such validation and quantitative comparison of auroral precipitation models. Specifically, we correlated Polar UVI images with the predictions of four precipitation models. These are the Hardy Kp model, the Brautigam IMF-based model, the Evans nowcast model currently used at NOAA, and OVATION Prime, recently introduced by Newell and colleagues. Because calibration uncertainties exist for all particle detectors, and for imagers as well, we focus on correlation coefficients rather than the absolute magnitudes. To minimize dayglow, the nightside precipitating power (1800–0600 MLT) is considered and only for cases where that entire region is within the Polar UVI field of view. Also, only instances where each model has a prediction are considered (i.e., there must be IMF data, and there must be a NOAA satellite pass within the last 1 h). Altogether, 27,613 1 min (“instantaneous”) images satisfied these criteria from 1996 to 1997. The four models investigated predict roughly half the variance in auroral power. From least to best at predicting instantaneous auroral power, the results are Brautigam IMF model (r = 0.68, r2 = 46%); Evans nowcast model (r = 0.70, r2 = 49%); Hardy Kp model (r = 0.72, r2 = 52%); and OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.75, r2 = 56%). We also considered 1 h averages of UVI images. All four models improved, but the nowcast jumped from third to first: Brautigam IMF (r = 0.69, r2 = 48%); Hardy Kp (r = 0.74, r2 = 55%); OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.76, r2 = 58%); Evans nowcast (r = 0.77, r2 = 59%). The nowcast approach benefits most from hourly averaging because at times more than one satellite pass is available. In principle, with enough satellites, the nowcast approach would be ideal. The advantage of OVATION Prime IMF over Brautigam IMF mirrors their respective organizing solar wind coupling functions. The reasonable performance of the Hardy Kp model, despite its 3 h cadence and limited maps, suggests that an updated model based on Kp interpolated to 1 h cadence would be competitive.
Distribution of dihydropyridine and omega-conotoxin-sensitive calcium currents in acutely isolated rat and frog sensory neuron somata: diameter-dependent L channel expression in frog

Calcium channel subtypes in adult rat and frog sensory neuron somata, acutely isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG neurons), were studied using Bay K 8644, nimodipine, and omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx) as specific probes. The DRG neurons varied in diameter 15-60 microns (rat) and 20-80 microns (frog). Bay K 8644 produced a large increase in calcium currents of small-diameter rat DRG neurons and shifted channel activation and the peak of the I-V curve in the hyperpolarizing direction. At a physiological holding potential (HP) of -60 mV, nimodipine blocked 50% of the peak calcium current in small-diameter frog and rat DRG neurons, indicating a large L channel component. At HP -80 mV, nimodipine blocked a lower percentage of peak current in small- diameter rat and frog DRG neurons than expected (based on experiments at HP -60 mV) probably due to nimodipine's voltage dependence. At HP - 60 mV, omega-CgTx blocked 25% and 50% of peak current in small-diameter rat and frog DRG neurons, respectively. Omega-CgTx blocked a larger percentage of current at HP -80 mV than at -60 mV, probably because of the repriming of N channels. Observation of nimodipine- and Bay K 8644- sensitive calcium current in small-diameter rat and frog DRG neurons after omega-CgTx treatment, suggests that omega-CgTx is not a potent L channel blocker. The combination of omega-CgTx and nimodipine blocked all current in small-diameter frog DRG neurons but left a small portion of current unblocked in small-diameter rat DRG neurons at HP -60 mV, suggesting the possibility of omega-CgTx- and nimodipine-insensitive calcium channels in rat DRG neurons. Calcium current in most large- diameter frog DRG neurons was insensitive to nimodipine, but was completely blocked by omega-CgTx. This indicates significant variation in the expression of calcium channel subtypes in small- and large- diameter frog DRG neurons, which may subserve different sensory modalities.
Protein concentration of lymph and interstitial fluid in the rat tail

Lymph was collected from tail lymphatics of anesthetized rats, subcutaneous interstitial fluid was obtained by implanting nylon wicks, and tendon interstitial fluid was obtained by centrifugation of pieces of tendon. Spontaneous lymph flow rates averaged 70 nl X min-1 X g skin-1. Protein concentrations and colloid osmotic pressures of sampled fluids differed significantly. Tail lymph had the highest protein concentration relative to plasma [lymph-to-plasma ratio 0.71 +/- 0.03 (SE) n = 10], followed by wick fluid (0.62 +/- 0.02, n = 9), with tendon fluid lowest (0.50 +/- 0.03, n = 10). Albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in samples of tail skin and tendon were assayed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Comparison of their distribution volumes at lymph or tendon fluid concentrations, respectively, with interstitial fluid volumes measured as 2-h 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid space minus 5-min 125I-albumin space indicated that 50-60% of the interstitial volume in these tissues is not available for distribution of albumin or IgG. Low lymph flow and high interstitial protein content of rat tail indicate a slow turnover of interstitial protein. This suggests that interstitial washout of protein plays a role in limiting edema only after a sustained or chronic increase in fluid filtration.
Self-learning fuzzy controller with neural plant estimator for snack food frying

Fuzzy logic-based control has emerged as a promising approach for complex and/or ill-defined process control. In this paper, a self-learning fuzzy controller with neural plant estimator is designed for the snack food frying control and the specific objectives are as follows: 1) to find the control variables affecting on product quality based on the statistical results of experimental data; 2) to employ the neural estimator for the prediction of real plant output related to time lag; 3) to construct the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system for the fuzzy inference rule extraction and the membership function tuning; and 4) to evaluate the designed controller performance by simulation. >
Ultrasonic bridge for simultaneous measurements of wave speed and attenuation

A technique is described for simultaneous velocity and attenuation measurements in the monitoring of material properties. To determine the attenuation, the amplitudes of tone-burst signals generated over a wide frequency range have been measured. For the determination of the wave velocity, a number of frequencies are selected at which a zero crossing of the tone-burst signal coincides with a zero crossing of a continuous reference sinewave. A self-calibrating technique for simultaneous measurements of wave speed and attenuation has been employed in conjunction with a recently developed ultrasonic bridge. An application of the technique is described. >
Determinants of measured olfactory sensitivity

Ten participants sought to detect four odorants: benzaldehyde, pyridine, and two alcohols, n-butyl and n-amyl alcohol, that smelled similar to each other. These were presented repeatedly on 3 successive days. The sequence of testing during a session made it possible to determine whether experience with one odorant would specifically facilitate the detectability of a similar-smelling odorant and whether any such facilitation would restrict itself to the nostril through which the experience was gained. Neither of these possibilities occurred. Instead, measured sensitivity increased rather uniformly both within and across days. Net gain from beginning to end exceeded an order of magnitude. Averaging across sessions gave a picture of smaller than usual individual differences, under 20 to 1, attributable mainly to general rather than odorant-specific differences in sensitivity. The results indicate that thresholds gathered in customary brief testing will underestimate olfactory sensitivity and overestimate individual differences. Incorporation of a reference odorant into threshold experiments should increase comparability among studies.
NMR long-range coupling and shift effects in the assignment of stereochemistry to 3-substituted 5,6-dehydroisoquinuclidines

The complementary NMR techniques of long-range W-plan coupling and substituent shift effects on nearby olefinic hydrogens have been used to assign the stereochemistry of 3-phenyl- and 3-acetyl-dehydroisoquinuclidines (2 to 5).
Remarks on Luttinger's Derivation of Kubo's Conductivity Formula

Luttinger has given a derivation of Kubo's static conductivity formula in a famous paper some thirty years ago. In a subsequent analysis to obtain the Einstein relation, he introduced an assumption. We show that this assumption is not consistent with linear response theory, on the basis of which the conductivity formula is derived. This inconsistency can be removed. At the same time, one can extend Luttinger's treatment to include the dynamic conductivity. This generalization is allowed by the recurrence relations method, which solves the Heisenberg equation of motion formally as well as explicitly.
Bottom's Greek Audience: 1 CORINTHIANS 1.21-25 and Shakespeare's A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM

(2007). Bottom's Greek Audience: 1 CORINTHIANS 1.21-25 and Shakespeare's A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM. The Explicator: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 200-201.
Associated Resonance Production in π − p Interactions at 6 BeV/ c

Results are presented to show that resonance production occurs in a significant fraction (g50%) of the multipion final states with four or more outgoing pions. The data also indicate that the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$ nucleon isobar is normally associated with $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ mesons in production. A large proportion of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ mesons observed in the multipion final states are the decay products of higher mass enhancements (${A}_{1},{A}_{2},B$).
THE RESPONSE OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED MALE KILLIFISH TO PURIFIED FISH GROWTH HORMONE, AS COMPARED WITH THE RESPONSE TO PURIFIED BEEF GROWTH HORMONE1

In previous experiments (Pickford and Thompson, 1948; Pickford, 1953b) it was shown that both normal and hypophysectomized killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) respond to injections of purified beef growth hormone. In both series of experiments two phenomena were observed: (1) There was a period of several weeks before growth commenced, and (2) During this period both the control fish and those receiving growth hormone showed a progressive loss of weight. This trend was reversed at the end of 3 to 4 weeks in fish receiving growth hormone. The initial period of weight loss was attributed in part to the disturbances resulting from handling but, in the case of fish receiving growth hormone, it was suspected that the recipients reacted adversely to a foreign protein of mammalian origin. The problem of dosage level had also to be considered. The beef growth hormone preparations were highly purified samples capable of inducing a weight increase of 10 gm.
Effects of testosterone administration and castration on the forelimb musculature of male leopard frogs, Rana pipiens.

In Rana pipiens, forelimb muscles that are used by males to clasp females during amplexus are sexually dimorphic in mass, protein content, and fiber composition. This experiment examined the effects of castration and exogenous testosterone on wet mass, dry mass, and protein content of the 22 major forelimb muscles of male leopard frogs to determine whether established patterns of sexual dimorphism of the muscles are reflected in differential androgen sensitivity. Muscles ranged from highly and moderately responsive to testosterone treatment (e.g., flexors of the elbow and of the carpus; adductors of the shoulder and of the first digit) to nonresponsive to testosterone (antagonists to these muscles). The mean dry mass of the testosterone-responsive muscles ranged broadly from 28–164% over control values. Castration had little or no effect on the response to testosterone, nor did it affect muscle mass in frogs not treated with hormone, as compared to sham-operated animals. Experimental treatment did not alter water content or protein concentration of muscles. The degree of testosterone sensitivity exhibited among the muscles of males closely correlated with their degree of sexual dimorphism. We postulate that androgens influence the functional attributes of male forelimb muscles through both organizational and activational effects. J. Exp. Zool. 280:28–37, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of mating stimuli on LH release in bulls.

Abstract Fourteen crossbred beef bulls were assigned at random to receive one of four sexual stimuli treatments. Treatments consisted of: (1) controls (four bulls), no visual or physical contact with any cows; (2) false mount (two bulls), allowed to mount an estrual cow; (3) mated (four bulls), allowed to mount an estrual cow with intromission and ejaculation; (4) electroejaculated (four bulls), no exposure to cows. Serum from blood samples taken at 15-min intervals from −15 min to 2 hr from sexual stimuli were radioimmunoassayed for luteinizing hormone (LH). Four bulls had elevated levels at the pretreatment bleeding, but none of the stimuli induced or were associated with LH releases. Basal levels of LH were consistent within bulls but varied considerably among bulls. Conclusion is that stimuli associated with mating do not cause a release of LH.
Rapamycin Impairs Trabecular Bone Acquisition From High-Dose But Not Low-Dose Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Treatment

The osteo-anabolic effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment require insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling through the IGF-I receptor. A major downstream target of the IGF-I receptor (via Akt) is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase involved in protein synthesis. We investigated whether the bone-building effects of intermittent PTH require functional mTOR signaling. Mice were treated with daily PTH 1-34 (0, 10, 30, or 90 microg/kg) for 6 weeks in the presence or absence of rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTOR. We found that all PTH doses were effective in enhancing bone mass, whether rapamycin was present or not. Rapamycin had little to no effect on the anabolic response at low (10 microg) PTH doses, small effects in a minority of anabolic measures at moderate doses (30 microg), but the anabolic effects of high-dose PTH (90 microg) were consistently and significantly suppressed by rapamycin ( approximately 4-36% reduction). Serum levels of Trap5b, a marker of resorption, were significantly enhanced by rapamycin, but these effects were observed whether PTH was absent or present. Our data suggest that intermittent PTH, particularly at lower doses, is effective in building bone mass in the presence of rapamycin. However, the full anabolic effects of higher doses of PTH are significantly suppressed by rapamycin, suggesting that PTH might normally activate additional pathways (including mTOR) for its enhanced high-dose anabolic effects. Clinical doses of intermittent PTH could be an effective treatment for maintaining or increasing bone mass among patients taking rapamycin analogs for unrelated health issues.
Molecular modeling of oxaphosphetane intermediates of wittig olefination reactions

The literature reveals that the structures of four unusual oxaphosphetanes have been established by x-ray diffraction studies, and the structure of one mythical oxaphosphetane (6) has been deduced by theoretical calculations. We have used these known structures to calibrate the MMX87 force field, the only necessary modification being the stretching term for the P-O bond. The bond length, 1o, was set at 1.80A, which is an “average” of the P-O axial bond distances of the stable oxaphosphetanes. The AMPAC (Ver. 1.0) molecular orbital package utilizing the MNDO hamiltonian was also applied to the same problem, starting with the minimized geometries of the modified MMX87 force field. Fixed bond lengths and full minimizations were performed. The computed geometries of the four-member ring of each of the four oxaphosphetanes of known structures were found to be in very good agreement with the values obtained by x-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the method was applied to the mythical oxaphosphetane, and the results of MMX87 and MNDO calculations were found to be in very good agreement with the results of ab initio calculations. The MMX force field and the MNDO semiempirical method have been used to calculate the geometries and the steric energies (or heats of formation) of diastereomeric oxaphosphetanes formed in a theoretically real Wittig reaction.
47 frames a Collaborative Production between a Second-Year Studio at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and the Cypher Collective of New York City

Abstract An interactive collaboration with two actors and a visual artist, this design studio investigated the generation of form and space through the study of theater and performance art. The project asked specifically how an architectural perception might be enriched and informed by the theatrical process, and vice versa. The resultant built works and performances were tangible explorations of design in an arena of complex and often shifting variables.
Electrolyte alterations in vascular smooth muscle and hypotensive activity of a new chalcone derivative

Chalcone R-2803 [2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy chalcone hydro-chloride] is an effective and long-acting depressor agent when administered intravenously and orally to dogs and rats. In the intact animal, R-2803 is essentially devoid of adrenolytic or ganglioplegic activity. Cross-circulation studies indicate that R-2803 does not possess central hypotensive activity. A direct action at the vascular level is demonstrated by inhibition of norepinephrine- and angiotensin-induced contractions of isolated aortic muscle. Single intravenous doses increase the sodium and potassium content of rabbit aorta, but decrease serum sodium and potassium values, reflecting an apparent shift in the equilibrium of electrolytes between blood and vascular tissue. Although a decrease in hypotensive activity is not observed after administration of R-2803 for 3 days, the electrolyte changes are less than those observed after single intravenous doses. An equidepressor dose of hesperidin methyl chalcone produces similar elevations of aortic sodium and potassium levels. The electrolyte alterations are not a consequence of blood pressure reduction as evidenced by failure of other hypotensive agents to alter aortic electrolyte balance. Sodium and potassium changes in vascular muscle may play a role in the initial phase of the hypotensive effect of the chalcones.
Language design for the Ironman requirement: notes and examples

The Tartan language was designed as an experiment to see whether the Ironman requirement for a common high-order programming language could be satisfied by an extremely simple language. The result, Tartan substantially meets the Ironman requirement. We believe it is substantially simpler than the four designs that were done in the first phase of the DOD-1 effort. The language definition appears in a companion report; this report provides a more expository discussion of some of the language's features, some examples of its use, and a discussion of some facilities that could enhance the basic design at relatively little cost.
Stem growth, flower formation, and endogenous gibberellins in a normal and a dwarf strain of Silene armeria

The physiological basis of dwarfism in a single-gene, recessive mutant of Silene armeria L. was investigated through comparison with a normal strain. Exposure of the normal strain to long days led to stem growth and flower formation while similar exposure of the dwarf strain led only to flowering, with very little stem growth. Application of gibberellin A3 or A4+7 in short days promoted stem elongation in the normal strain, but had a much lesser effect in the dwarf strain. Upon extraction and chromatographic fractionation of the endogenous gibberellins (GAs) in the normal strain of S. armeria, three zones of GA activity were found. An increase in one zone of activity was found in both strains after 1 long day. Neither the quality nor the quantity of the extractable GAs differed greatly between the dwarf and the normal strain. Vegetative dwarf scions, grafted onto fully induced, normal stocks formed flowers, but their growth habit was not changed. Thus, the lack of stem growth in response to long days in the dwarf strain appears to result from a lack of GA sensitivity in the stem tissue of these plants. However, during flower formation dwarf plants did exhibit elongation of the peduncles. This response was suppressed by the growth retardant 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine-carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618), and applied GA3 could partially overcome this inhibition. Thus, peduncle elongation in the dwarf strain appears to be regulated by endogenous GAs.
Multisensor data analysis and aerosol background characterization

A portable and extensible multisensor testbed for long-term multi-point aerosol background data collections has been developed. The primary objective of the testbed is to support investigations related to the information fusion, machine-intelligence based CB decision support architectrure, now under development at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. This paper describes major design features of the testbed and concentrates on the analysis and the results of multiple indoor data collections. Specifically, two deployments of the testbed for extensive indoor data collection campaigns are described. The indoor background characterization results are presented.
Understanding the mutational evolution of clonal cytopenias and oligoblastic myelogenous leukemia (‘myelodysplasia’)

Understanding the mutational evolution of clonal cytopenias and oligoblastic myelogenous leukemia (‘myelodysplasia’)
Mapping international perspectives on gender in engineering education research

In this paper, we analyze the approximately 60 publications concerned with women and/or gender from our much larger database of engineering education conference papers and journal articles. We focus on four regions that had at least two publications: North America, Australia, Europe, and the Middle East. In our review of these publications, we focus on geographic and disciplinary distribution of the researchers, topics and contexts represented, and the methods used. We found much overlap between regions, but also that certain topics, methods and contexts are more heavily represented in some regions than others. Regional variations as well as theoretical foundations are discussed here, and will be further analyzed in future work. Finally, we suggest that international research collaborations on gender would benefit from a theory-oriented model of collaboration.
Efficient, diastereoselective chemical synthesis of a beta-mannopyranosyl phosphoisoprenoid.

Tetrabutylammonium benzyl dihydrophytylphosphate was coupled to S-phenyl 2,3-di-O-benyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-α-d-mannopyranoside S-oxide on activation with triflic anhydride in toluene at −78 °C to give the corresponding β-mannosyl phosphate in 56% yield with no detectable formation of the α-anomer. Treatment with sodium in liquid ammonia then afforded the unprotected β-mannosyl phosphoisoprenoid.
Cytokines and JAK-STAT signaling.

Characterization of the ability of IFNs to induce immediate early genes led to the identification of the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) signaling paradigm. STATs are activated at the receptor and then directly transduce signals to the nucleus. Subsequent studies have determined that all cytokines transduce critical signals through this pathway.
Adaptive perturbation control with compensation for disturbances for robot manipulators

This paper presents the development of an adaptive perturbation control for compensating inexact or changing dynamic parameters of a manipulator for better tracking along a desired trajectory. The influence of inexact parameters on the manipulator motion is formulated as an equivalent disturbance torque input to the manipulator's perturbation equations of motion. The analysis of the perturbation control system suggests that the equivalent disturbance torque can be compensated by an integral of control torques while an integral of system errors can be used to eliminate the bias present in the system errors. Computer simulation was conducted to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive control strategy.
Separation and interaction of the major components of sea urchin actin gel

Abstract Warming of low calcium, isotonic extracts of sea urchin eggs causes gelation by inducing the polymerization of F-actin which then interacts with other proteins in the cytosol to form the gel. Two major protein components with molecular weights of 58,000 and 220,000 have been identified. F-actin has previously been purified from such preparations and shown to interact with a mixture of these proteins to form a gel composed of F-actin aggregates displaying a unique 11 nm banding pattern. The gelation is calcium-sensitive; half-maximal inhibition is at 1 to 2 μ m free calcium in the extract. Solubilization of the gel in 0.6 m -KI and chromatography on A-15m agarose in 0.6 m -KCI resolves the 220K protein (Mr = 220,000) from G-actin and the 58K protein (Mr = 58,000). Further purification on DEAE-cellulose yields pure 58K protein. When combined, the repolymerized actin and 58K protein form microscopic needles composed of linear aggregates of F-actin with the characteristic 11 nm banding. Saturation of the 58K bindingsites of F-actin occurs at ratios of one 58K protein/4 to 5 actin molecules. This actin—58K protein interaction does not show calcium sensitivity. Addition of the 220K protein to pure F-actin produces no detectable aggregation and this protein therefore appears to be distinct from the high molecular weight, actin-binding proteins isolated from vertebrates. The addition of the 220K protein to solutions of needles causes aggregation to a material morphologically indistinguishable from the original gel, but this gelation is not sensitive to calcium. These results show that the 58K protein links F-actin filaments to form cross-banded needles with a 11 nm periodicity, which are then linked into a three-dimensional gel by the 220K protein. Theso results suggest that the initial calcium sensitivity may be due to the presence of regulatory proteins which are removed during the purification.