cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass Flow Measurement of Granular Materials in Aerial Application --- Part 1: Simulation and Modeling

The mass flow of granular particles in an aerial spreader duct was regarded as a sequence of cluster passage events. At low flow densities, the total mass per time unit could be estimated by measuring the diameter (length) of each individual particle passing a sensor and accumulating the associated masses. At higher flow densities, the lengths of clusters would be measured rather than the lengths of particles. However, because of overlapping, the cluster lengths cannot simply be accumulated. The total length of a cluster is always smaller than the lengths of the individual particles within it. Therefore, a reconstruction method is necessary to estimate the total length of the particles within a cluster from the measured cluster length. This reconstruction algorithm was developed using MatLab® as a simulation tool and was called the "Exponential Estimator." Simulations were conducted for particles with 1) Identical diameters, 2) Uniformly distributed diameters, 3) Gaussian distributed diameters, and 4) Urea-distributed diameters. A simple universal relationship was discovered between the event ratio (the ratio between the original number of particles in an experiment and the number of measured clusters) and the flow density. This relationship was found to be independent of both the mean diameter of particles and the diameter distribution, which is of great importance when mass flows of fertilizer are involved. The flow density cannot be measured directly. However, another simple relationship was found between the flow density and the number of clusters in certain length categories, which can be measured on the fly. This relationship was found to be independent of the mean diameter of particles, but dependent on the diameter distribution. Combination of these two relationships led to the Exponential Estimator. It contains only a single material-specific constant for distributed-diameter particles. The simplicity and compactness of the discovered relationships indicate the possibility to derive the Exponential Estimator from theoretical principles. The simulation tool as developed here could be a valuable instrument for this purpose.
The use of hyaluronidase in p˦diatric urography

Summary A technique for subcutaneous urography in infants and young children is described. The rate of absorption of subcutaneously injected diluted diodone is increased by hyaluronidase. The difficulties of intravenous injection are avoided yet the results are comparable.
Doctoral Symposium Submission

How successful are controlled vocabularies at describing transgender topics? This work explores the use of hierarchical taxonomic structures to describe people's often-fluid gender and sexuality identities, particularly the lack of accurate and appropriate language in most commonly used subject thesauri, and how the lack of this accurate and appropriate language can affect potential users. Specifically, I am referring to individuals who identify as gender-nonconforming. This term, as defined by the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, refers to “people who do not follow other people's ideas or stereotypes about how they should look or act based on the female or male sex they were assigned at birth.” The phrase is frequently used as an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of gender identities, including transsexual, drag queen, genderqueer, and butch. Many standard vocabularies, including the Library of Congress Subject Headings, have a long and thorny history with regards to prescriptive access points about marginalized groups and sexualities. This work offers a historical overview of the ways in which authorized vocabularies have differed from vernacular language commonly used by community members and LGBTQ scholars to describe their own lives, and explores well- and lesser-known subject vocabularies such as LCSH, MeSH, IHLIA's Homosaurus, and tags assigned by LGBTQ people when describing their personal collections.
Examining the Influence of Teacher Behavior and Classroom Context on the Behavioral and Academic Outcomes for Students With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Many students with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) display both learning and behavioral problems that make it difficult for teachers to provide effective instruction. In turn, a lack of exposure to effective instruction contributes to poor academic and behavioral outcomes. In this article, the authors argue that the interaction between the learning and behavior problems of students with EBD is complex and likely characterized by multiple influences, including classroom contextual factors. The authors detail (a) ways that teacher instructional behaviors and classroom contexts may contribute to the relationship between learning and behavior problems of students with EBD and (b) assessment procedures helpful for measuring classroom contextual variables. Implications for future research are discussed, including using data gleaned from applied research to inform future randomized clinical trials examining classroom-based interventions for students with EBD.
A comparison of subspace adaptive filtering techniques for DS-CDMA interference suppression

We compare the performance of two subspace adaptive filtering techniques for suppressing multiple-access interference in a direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. A military scenario is considered in which the processing gain is very large compared with the number of users. Also, communications is peer-to-peer so that power control cannot be used to solve the near-far problem. Two subspace techniques are considered. The first projects the received vectors on to an estimated signal subspace obtained by an appropriate eigen-decomposition. The second partially despreads the received signal. The dimension of the lower-dimensional subspace affects both the minimum mean squared error, and the response time to interference transients. There is a tradeoff between these two quantities which determines the optimum choice of dimension. This is illustrated numerically for a particular model in which the interferers turn on and off according to a two-state Markov chain. Simulation results are also presented which show that recursively updated algorithms are much more sensitive to large interference transients than block-oriented adaptive filtering algorithms.
10-Gb/s Access Network Architecture Based on Micro-Ring Modulators With Colorless ONU and Mitigated Rayleigh Backscattering

We demonstrate an optical access network architecture utilizing the wavelength-selective behavior of micro-ring modulators to achieve single-sideband (SSB) modulation, which generates a downstream signal and simultaneously provides a centrally distributed carrier for upstream phase-remodulation. Cascaded silicon micro-rings are capable for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integration and multichannel SSB modulations which can help to significantly reduce the cost of the wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs). We further study the power penalty induced by Rayleigh backscattering from the centrally distributed carrier and show a power penalty of less than 0.6 dB when propagating 43 km of a single feeder fiber.
Experimental evaluation of an inertial navigation system for underwater robotic vehicles

This paper reports the results of an in-water laboratory evaluation of the state estimation accuracy of a commercially available inertial navigation system (INS), and the effect of variations in the accuracy and the update rate of INS correction data on the accuracy of the INS state estimate. The navigation accuracy of the INS state estimate is evaluated by comparison with navigation data from a highly accurate navigation system available in our laboratory that employs high-frequency acoustic time-of-flight ranging, precision pressure depth sensing, bottom-lock Doppler sonar, and a true-North-seeking gyrocompass that is integral to the INS.
Gender and Influence Strategies of First Choice and Last Resort

The present study attempted to resolve an apparent contradiction in the literature regarding gender differences in use of various influence behaviors by examining both between-gender differences, as reflected in differences in absolute rates of using various influence strategies, and between-strategy differences, as reflected in relative rates of strategy use within each gender. Two samples of subjects reported how frequently they used a number of influence strategies as strategies of first choice and last resort. A third sample of subjects rank-ordered the strategies from most used to least used. Results across all samples revealed significant correlations between women's and men's ordering of strategies from most used to least used, with verbal request and rational strategies reported as used most often, and high pressure strategies, including threats, as used least often. Within this invariant hierarchy, gender differences in frequency of use of various strategies were observed. The discussion suggests...
Accurate cross‒architecture performance modeling for sparse matrix‒vector multiplication (SpMV) on GPUs

Summary This paper presents an integrated analytical and profile‒based cross‒architecture performance modeling tool to specifically provide inter‒architecture performance prediction for Sparse Matrix‒Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on NVIDIA GPU architectures. To design and construct the tool, we investigate the inter‒architecture relative performance for multiple SpMV kernels. For a sparse matrix, based on its SpMV kernel performance measured on a reference architecture, our cross‒architecture performance modeling tool can accurately predict its SpMV kernel performance on a target architecture. The prediction results can effectively assist researchers in making choice of an appropriate architecture that best fits their needs from a wide range of available computing architectures. We evaluate our tool with 14 widely‒used sparse matrices on four GPU architectures: NVIDIA Tesla C2050, Tesla M2090, Tesla K20m, and GeForce GTX 295. In our experiments, Tesla C2050 works as the reference architecture, the other three are used as the target architectures. For Tesla M2090, the average performance differences between the predicted and measured SpMV kernel execution times for CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV kernels are 3.1%, 5.1%, 1.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. For Tesla K20m, they are 6.9%, 5.9%, 4.0%, and 6.6% on the average, respectively. For GeForce GTX 295, they are 5.9%, 5.8%, 3.8%, and 5.9% on the average, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman characterization of all-dielectric multilayer SiO 2 /TiO 2 optical coatings

Raman spectroscopy can be used to characterize the rutile/anatase phase composition of TiO2 layers in all-dielectric filters and reflectors of arbitrary design. No special specimen preparation is necessary. Interference effects can enhance Raman scattering compared to single-layer coatings of the same total TiO2 thickness.
Replicating Life Cycle of Early‐Maturing Species in the Timing of Restoration Seeding Improves Establishment and Community Diversity

Tallgrass prairie is among the most endangered ecosystems in North America. Highâdiversity restorations protect remnant habitat and expand native communities. Excluding land acquisition, the most expensive step in restoration is procuring seed. Given this cost, managers want to maximize seedling establishment. Native species that flower and ripen early in the growing season are included in a diverse seeding mix but as a group they have not successfully established. For earlyâmaturing species, the practice of storing seeds in a cold room from harvest until sowing in the dormant season effectively eliminates exposure to the summer conditions seeds would naturally have in the wild. In this study, we compared the effect of summer sowing timing and winter sowing timing on establishment in field conditions. In August 2004 and December 2004, we broadcast a seed mix of seven earlyâmaturing species: Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson. (Pussy toes), Arabis lyrata L. (Sand cress), Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. (Downy green sedge), Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'HA©r. (Old plainsman), Lupinus perennis L. ssp. perennis var. occidentalis S. Watson. (Wild lupine), Phlox bifida Beck. (Sand phlox) and Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth. (Porcupine grass). We collected data on establishment and reproductive success at 12 time points from June 2005 until October 2008. Species established one growing season sooner when planted at the summer sowing time, and diversity in the summer sowing plots was higher after 4 years. Quicker establishment may have benefits such as providing early competition from weeds that may outweigh additional effort required to ensure timely planting.
Choice of the scattering carrier in Monte Carlo treatments of carrier-carrier scattering

Various techniques for including carrier-carrier scattering in Monte Carlo simulations are discussed. It is shown that the standard technique does not lead to the correct choice of the scattering carrier. A more recent method, however, allows for the correct choice and typically results in over an order of magnitude reduction in CPU time. The error introduced by the standard choice of the scattering carrier is estimated through an investigation of various average quantities per scattering event. Although this error is rather small for the simple cases presented here, there are indications that it will be significant in more sophisticated treatments of carrier-carrier scattering.
Measurement and analysis of a microwave oscillator stabilized by a sapphire dielectric ring resonator for ultra-low noise

Phase-noise measurements are presented for a microwave oscillator whose frequency is stabilized by a whispering gallery mode sapphire ring resonator with Q of 2*10/sup 5/. The nature of the mode, which involves little metallic conduction, allows nearly full use of the very low dielectric loss in sapphire. Several mode families have been identified with good agreement with calculated frequency predictions. Waveguide coupling parameters have been characterized for the principal (lowest frequency) mode family, for n=5 to n=10 full waves around the perimeter. For a 5-cm wheel resonator in a 7.6-cm container, Q-values of above 10/sup 5/ were found at room temperature for all of the modes in this sequence. Coupling Q-values for the same modes ranged from 10/sup 4/ (n=5) to 10/sup 5/ (n=10) for a WR112 waveguide port at the center of the cylinder wall of the containing can. Phase noise measurements for a transistor oscillator locked to the n=10 (7.84-GHz) mode showed a 1/f/sup 3/ dependence for low offset frequencies, and a value of L(f)=-55 dB/Hz at an offset of 10 Hz from the carrier. The oscillator shows phase noise below the previously reported for any X-band source. >
Induction of multidrug resistance protein 3 in rat liver is associated with altered vectorial excretion of acetaminophen metabolites.

Treatment with the microsomal enzyme inducer trans -stilbene oxide (TSO) can decrease biliary excretion of acetaminophen-glucuronide (AA-GLUC) and increase efflux of AA-GLUC into blood. The hepatic canalicular multidrug resistance protein (Mrp) 2 and sinusoidal protein Mrp3 transport AA-GLUC conjugates into bile and blood, respectively. Thus, TSO-induced alterations in the vectorial excretion of AA-GLUC may occur via increased hepatic Mrp3 levels. The goal of this study was to determine whether TSO, diallyl sulfide (DAS), and oltipraz (OLT) treatments can up-regulate Mrp3 protein expression, and whether treatment with DAS and OLT can correspondingly increase hepatovascular efflux of AA metabolites. Rats were administered phenobarbital, TSO, DAS, OLT, or vehicle for 4 days. Interestingly, all of the chemicals increased the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of AA-GLUC and decreased its biliary excretion. In control animals, approximately 77% and 23% of AA-GLUC was excreted into bile or urine, respectively, whereas with inducer-pretreated animals, <32% of AA-GLUC was excreted into bile and >68% was excreted into urine. Correspondingly, all of the compounds increased hepatic Mrp3 mRNA levels by 13- to 37-fold and protein levels by 2- to 6-fold, respectively. In conclusion, these studies correlate increased Mrp3 protein levels in liver with increased hepatovascular excretion of AA-GLUC and suggest that induction of Mrp3 affects the route of drug excretion.
Towards net-centric system of systems robotics in air, sea and land

This paper investigates how we can work towards building net-centric swarms of land, sea and air robots working together to accomplish a common goal. The goal is to bring together swarms of robots from all three sectors to safely benefit mankind without increasing dangers in the process. Several platforms are explored for simulation to investigate swarm robotics within heterogeneous environments.
Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and cardiac malformations: a propensity‐score matched cohort in CPRD

Purpose Research on the association of maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use and cardiac malformations in the offspring has yielded conflicting findings. We therefore sought to further investigate the association using data from a large population-based cohort in the UK. Methods The study population consisted of 149464 pregnancies ending in a live birth between January/1996 and November/2010 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink’s Mother Baby Link. We created propensity-score matched cohorts of first-trimester SSRI users who did not use other antidepressants in the same gestational period (‘SSRI users’, n=3046) and non-antidepressant users (no use from the 3 months before pregnancy through the second trimester of pregnancy, ‘non-users’; n=8991). Weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cardiac malformations overall and septal defects diagnosed in the first year of life, or in the first 6 years of life. Results Sixteen infants with cardiac malformations were identified among SSRI users; 10 of them were septal defects. Among non-users, there were 48 infants with cardiac malformations, 26 of whom had septal defects. The OR (95% CI) for cardiac malformations was 1.00 (0.50; 2.00), and for septal defects was 1.15 (0.46; 2.87). Results were similar for cardiac malformations diagnosed in the first 6 years of life, and in several sensitivity analyses that were also implemented. Conclusions The results of this study are most compatible with no association between maternal use of SSRIs in early pregnancy and cardiac malformations or septal defects in the offspring. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. key words—congenital abnormalities; heart defects; propensity score; SSRIS; weighted logistic regression; mother–baby link; pharmacoepidemiology
Multiple-channel detection using generalized coherence

The properties and performance of the generalized coherence (GC) estimate as a statistic for detecting the presence of a common but unknown signal on several noisy channels are examined. The H/sub 0/ distribution function of the GC estimate derived in earlier work is applied to develop detection thresholds corresponding to a range of false alarm probabilities for various numbers of channels and data sequence lengths. Results of simulations to determine the performance of a GC-based detector as a function of the signal-to-noise ratios on the data channels are presented. >
Antihemophilic Globulin (Factor VIII) Activity of Human Fibrinogen

Antihemophilic globulin (AHG; Factor VIII) activity has been reported to deteriorate rapidly in blood stored at + 1°C to 6°C [4, 81. Because of this, Factor VIII-rich fibrinogen (Fraction I of COHN et al. [3]), is prepared from fresh blood and processing to the frozen state is completed within 24 h following donation. On the other hand, BRINKHOUS et al. [2] found 37% of the activity remaining after 21 days. BOWIE, THOMPSON and OWEN [l] found that one-half the normal level of Factor VIII activity was still present after 21 days of storage at 4°C. In this communication we show that clinically effective amounts of Factor VIII activity are also present in certain lots of dried fibrinogen (human) prepared from outdated citrated whole blood (21 days or older). Eighteen lots of human fibrinogen were assayed in vitro for their Factor VIII content by determining their ability to shorten the prolonged clotting time of recalcified hemophilic plasma, using a method by NILSSON, BLOMBACK and VON FRANCKEN [5]. The assay system consisted of 0.1 ml hemophilic plasma, 0.1 ml of a reference standard Factor VIII preparation (or fibrinogen in various dilutions) and 0.1 ml of 0.03 M CaCl,. The reference standard Factor VIII preparation was a lot of dried antihemophilic globulin (M.D.H. No.83). Fifty milligram (dry weight) aliquots of this reference material and of the test lots of dried fibrinogen were reconstituted in 5 ml saline This work was financed, in part, with funds and material provided under an agreement between the American National Red Cross and the Michigan Department of Health Laboratories.; the Michigan Heart Association and Public Health
Cold dependent activation of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus

A 31-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied because she developed markedly reduced total hemolytic complement activity at a time when her disease was clinically inactive. Functional assays demonstrated reduced activities of C1, C4, and C2, but normal concentrations of C3 and the terminal (C5-9) components were present. Antigenic concentrations of C1, C4, and C2 were normal. Plasma or serum obtained from blood allowed to clot at 37 degrees C had normal complement activity. Complement activity was depleted when the patient's serum was incubated in the cold. At reduced temperatures, the patient's serum (or purified IgG) depleted complement activity of normal human sera. A second patient with SLE was also demonstrated to have this same phenomenon. Cryoglobulins were not detectable in these patients. These data indicate that in vivo the patients' complement was normal and that the observed in vitro reduction was caused by cold dependent activation of the classical pathway.
Turning Silk Purses into Sows’ Ears

This paper describes lessons learned from research into team behavior and the interpersonal roots of accidents and incidents in aviation. This research has led to the development of training programs, known as Crew Resource Management, that are mandated for flight crews worldwide. Approaches to developing similar programs for medical personnel working in operating and emergency rooms are described.
BEST-PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR FIELD-BASED SURGERY AND ANESTHESIA ON FREE-RANGING WILDLIFE. II. SURGERY

The principles of surgical asepsis apply to field surgeries with few exceptions. The minimum level for performance of surgeries in the field on free-ranging animals should be the same as for domestic animals undergoing surgery in animal hospitals. Surgeries in the field are typically done as part of research and management projects and usually involve a combination of biologists and veterinarians with the possibility of conflicts in scientific cultures. This article outlines a minimum standard of care for field surgeries and will serve as a resource for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees and biologists and veterinarians planning projects that involve surgeries on free-ranging wildlife in field conditions.
Actual running performance monitoring for personal trainer system based on perceptive sportswear

Unconstrained monitoring of runner's body movements is important for grasping the running performances based on natural body motions. A perceptive sportswear, which means a wear itself having the perception to monitor human body motions without constraint, can be realized by using hetero-core fiber optics with advantages of thinness, light-weight, and flexibility. We have developed such sportswear with the embedded optical fiber which can monitor the body motion based on the light intensity changes. In this report, the perceptive sportswear with the mobile capability has first been tested in actual running field for monitoring the body forms and paces during running.
Olfactory sensor

A molecular sensor which is based on an electrochemical model of the molecular mechanism of ion transport associated with the initial steps in olfaction is described. The olfactory sensor is obtained by functional transfer of macromolecules from homogenates of the olfactory epithelium into artificial bimolecular membranes, monolayers, and multilayers. These studies are designed to provide the necessary basis for the development of practically chemosensitive electronic devices which provide both ultratrace sensitivity and selectivity for a defined range of organic molecules. >
The Experience Curve Doctrine Reconsidered

The author studies the relationship for a typical business unit between an advantaged cost position and the decision to build market share. He first offers a rebuttal of experience curve doctrine, ...
Effect of continuous injection of epinephrine on adrenal cortex and anterior hypophysis.

SummaryUnder the conditions of our experiments, the continous subcutaneous injections of massive doses of epineprine into rats for 1 to 21 days, failed to elicit histological evidence of pituitary-adrenocortical stimulation.
Series of phase transitions and multiferroicity in the quasi-two-dimensional spin- 1 2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba 3 CoNb 2 O 9

We have investigated the magnetic and electric ground states of a quasi-two-dimensional triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF), ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{3}{\mathrm{CoNb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$, in which the effective spin of Co${}^{2+}$ is 1/2. At zero field, the system undergoes a two-step transition upon cooling at ${T}_{N2}=1.36$ K and ${T}_{N1}=1.10$ K and enters a 120${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ ordered state. By applying magnetic fields, a series of spin states with fractions of the saturation magnetization ${M}_{s}$ are observed. They are spin states with 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 (or $\sqrt{3}/3$) ${M}_{s}$. The ferroelectricity emerges in all spin states, either with collinear or noncollinear spin structure, which makes ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{3}{\mathrm{CoNb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$ another unique TLAF exhibiting both a series of magnetic phase transitions and multiferroicity. We discuss the role of quantum fluctuations and magnetic anisotropy in contributing more complex phase diagram compared to its sister multiferroic TLAF compound ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{3}$NiNb${}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$ [J. Hwang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 257205 (2012)].
The Lac Repressor

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the lactose ( lac ) operon of Escherichia coli , its products, and its regulation. Jacob and Monod and their co-workers formulated their model of negative control of protein synthesis. This model has been confirmed by in vitro experiments, which permitted further analysis of the mechanism at the molecular level. The chapter presents the in vitro data, which has become available on the molecular interactions that govern the expression of the lac operon. The chapter discusses the main features of the lac system and the conclusions regarding its regulatory switch, which were drawn from genetic and physiological studies and on which the in vitro analysis is based. The lac operon determines the synthesis of β -galactosidase; the M protein, which is an integral part of the galactoside permease; and the thiogalactoside transacetylase. Regulation of the operon is revealed by an essentially coordinate synthesis of all three proteins, which is stimulated up to 1000-fold in the presence of inducing β -galactosides.
Thrombin Generation Inhibition by Newer Anti Xa and Anti IIa Drugs in Prothrombin Complex Concentrates: Relevance to Endogenous Modulation of Thrombogenesis

Abstract Abstract 1196 Several anti-Xa agents (apixaban, otamixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban) and anti-IIa agents (dabigatran and melagatran) have been developed for clinical use. These agents are strong inhibitors of factor Xa and IIa and their potency is usually expressed in terms of the inhibitory parameters of these enzymes. These synthetic agents can also modulate thrombin and factor Xa generation in complex systems such as the platelet rich and platelet poor plasma and whole blood. The order of potency differs depending upon the type of matrix used due to cellular and protein binding and interaction with generated proteases and protein fragments. In order to compare these agents for their relative thrombin generation inhibitory profile, prothrombin complex based assay systems are developed utilizing 5 units/mL of non activated prothrombin complex such as Konyne® and Preconativ. Thrombin generation is triggered by tissue factor and monitored using a thrombin specific florometric substrate based assay (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria). All agents were tested in a concentration range of 0–1000 ng/mL. The relative inhibition of thrombin generation was calculated in terms of IC50. The factor Xa inhibitors were found to be relatively potent inhibitors of thrombin generation exhibiting an IC50 value of 25–96 ng/mL with the following order of potency- Rivaroxaban>Otamixaban>Apixaban. The anti IIa agents exhibited potency in the range of 125–225 ng/mL. Melagatran was more potent than dabigatran. In the plasma based anticoagulant assays such as PT, aPTT, heptest, the anti IIa agents were more potent than factor Xa drugs. Assay based differences were noted in all agents which did not follow the same patterns as thrombin generation inhibition in the prothrombin complex systems. These observations suggest that although considered to be single target, the newer anticoagulant drugs produce variable inhibitory effects on the protease network in complex systems such as plasma and prothrombin complexes. These effects may be related to the relative safety and efficacy profile of these agents and should be included in the preclinical profiling of these agents. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Scaling Growth Relationships from Seedling Plots Using Similarity Analysis

Data from a small-scale loblolly pine seedling experiment established at 1/16 scale to an operational study were used to develop height and diameter development models appropriate for either scale. An additional model was constructed that analytically relates stand development between the two scales and links the size of trees grown at small scale to operational scale counterparts. Results suggest that important stand characteristics associated with forest productivity develop similarly at the two scales. The models presented here can be used to evaluate the effects of stand density on tree growth at either scale and make inferences to operational scales from small-scale seedling studies. FOR. SCl. 49(2):188-195.
Risk of underlying chronic medical conditions for invasive pneumococcal disease in adults.

Abstract Purpose In the United States, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended in persons ⩾65 years of age, and persons ⩽65 years of age with immunocompromising (IC) conditions. For invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) prevention in those ⩽65 with non-IC medical conditions, the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine is recommended. This group is at higher risk of IPD than the general population, but the level of risk is not well-quantified. We estimated IPD risk by individual underlying medical conditions, and by total number of conditions, for persons ⩾18 years of age. We calculated the relative risks (RR) of various medical conditions, comparing the incident IPD cases to the general study population, and used Poisson regression models to estimate an IPD RR, adjusting for other conditions. We also examined IPD incidence by number of conditions diagnosed in each calendar year, using a risk-stacking model. Results Underlying medical conditions with the highest adjusted RR for IPD were chronic liver disease (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.8) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8–2.5). IPD risk increased with increasing number of medical conditions: adjusted RR, 2.2 (95% CI 1.9–2.5) 1 condition, 2.9 (2.5–3.5) for 2 conditions, and 5.2 (4.4–6.1) for 3 conditions. Conclusions For persons with a single, non-IC medical condition, IPD risk was twice that for the general KPNC population. Persons with multiple, non-IC chronic conditions exhibited increased IPD risk with each additional condition. Such information may inform discussions on recommendations for adult pneumococcal immunization and prevention.
Noise induced transport at microscale enabled by optical fields

Transport at the micro scale is an essential aspect for many emerging areas including manufacturing systems at the nanoscale. Transfer of beads decorated with cargo under the influence of optical fields provide an attractive means of such transport. Physical models that describe beads in optical fields under the influence of thermal noise are available which yield a qualitative understanding of the bead motion; however, it is difficult to arrive at models that provide quantitative agreement. The first contribution of the article is the determination of a model of a bead under a static field realized by optical forces where the model can be used to predict the motion of the bead under a time-varying optical potential with high fidelity. Close agreement between model based Monte Carlo simulations and experimental observations is seen. The other contribution is a strategy for directed transport of micron-sized particles that utilizes the proposed models to arrive at conclusions which are experimentally verified and easy to implement. The effectiveness of this transport mechanism is justified based on splitting probability computations. Applications to transport of cargo across multiple locations and transport of multiple cargo are experimentally demonstrated.
Unsupervised Interesting Places Discovery in Location-Based Social Sensing

This paper presents an unsupervised approach toaccurately discover interesting places in a city from location-basedsocial sensing applications, a new sensing applicationparadigm that collects observations of physical world fromLocation-based Social Networks (LBSN). While there are alarge amount of prior works on personalized Point of Interests(POI) recommendation systems, they used supervised learningapproaches that did not work for users who have little orno historic (training) data. In this paper, we focused onan interesting place discovery problem where the goal isto accurately discover the interesting places in a city thataverage people may have strong interests to visit (e.g., parks, museums, historic sites, etc.) using unsupervised approaches. Inparticular, we develop a new Physical-Social-aware InterestingPlace Discovery (PSIPD) scheme which jointly exploits thelocation's physical dependency and the visitor's social dependencyto solve the interesting place discovery problem using anunsupervised approach. We compare our solution with state-of-the-art baselines using two real world data traces from LBSN. The results showed that our approach achieved significantperformance improvements compared to all baselines in termsof both estimation accuracy and ranking performance.
Planning Strategies for Home Health Care Delivery

In home health care (our motivating application), consistency is representative of the general health care principle of continuity of care, which is often correlated with quality of care. Much of the existing research involving consistency in routing uses planning horizons that are a week or shorter. Yet in many settings the relationship between an organization and its customers lasts much longer. Hence, this paper looks at how one should plan when seeking consistency in routes extends the impact of caregiver-patient assignments. Specifically, the paper examines appropriate planning horizon length and, with an extensive computational study, demonstrates that a long planning horizon can have significant potential for savings in terms of transportation costs and staffing levels. Initially, a deterministic setting is considered, with all patient requests during the planning horizon known a priori, and the routing cost of planning for two to three months is compared with the cost when planning is done on a weekly basis. With uncertainty inherent in planning for such a long time horizon, a methodology is presented that anticipates future patient requests that are unknown at the time of planning. Computational evidence shows that its use is superior to planning on a weekly, rolling horizon basis.
Genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and pulse pressure among adult African Americans.

Conclusion: The results indicate that genetic factors are a significant source of variance in hemodynamic indices, and also suggest that, with advancing age, genetic factors play an increasing role in determining blood pressure and PP in this population. (Ethn Dis. 2003;13: 193‐199)
Meta-Morphological Technique for a Multi-Parameter Design Index:

Complex design and morphologic problems, consisting of multiple parameters, can be described, modelled and indexed using a meta-morphological technique presented here. All design and morphologic va...
Novel microcellular plastics for lightweight and energy efficient building applications

Publisher Summary This chapter proposes a thick microcellular sheet manufacturing process. A two-stage, sliding-level design of experiment approach is used to determine the effects of various process variables on the microstructure of the polymer sheet. In the first stage, the polymer is placed in a pressure vessel with a high-pressure and nonreacting gas. Over time, the gas diffuses into the polymer, and attains a uniform concentration throughout the polymer specimen. In the second stage, the specimen is heated to the foaming temperature. This step is typically carried out in a heated bath with temperature control. The dissolved gas lowers the glass transition temperature of the polymer and the foaming temperature needs only to be above the glass transition temperature of the gas-polymer system to allow the bubbles to nucleate and grow. The preliminary results show that the foamed ABS sheet has clearly defined skins and foamed core structures and 70% relative density reduction is achieved easily. The proposed technology is expected to be capable of reducing polymer density and thermal conductivity while increasing its specific strength. The resulted polymer materials can significantly contribute to reducing the house construction time and maintenance cost, energy consumption, and risk of injury during construction and improving the durability of the houses.
Understanding Structure: A Computer-Based Macromolecular Biochemistry Lab Activity

Undergraduates in biology and chemistry encounter images of protein structures, solved by X-ray crystallography, but are often ill equipped to interpret and use these images in their education. A simple computer-based lab activity is presented and described here that introduces students to the origin of X-ray crystallographic images and allows them to experience the basics of protein model building, through the use of lysozyme. The lab activity also directs students to examine lysozyme’s role as a crystallization aid in the solution of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Students learn to use model building and visualization programs, Coot and PyMOL, along with the RCSB Protein Data Bank, to obtain, use and interpret electron density maps with structure files to assess a protein model.
Quality of Life in Youth With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) Treated With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy.

ABSTRACTObjective/Background: Improvement is sought for youth with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who have poor quality of life (QoL), which resolves somewhat following treatment. One mitigating factor in improved QoL following treatment may be adherence to the CPAP protocol, which presents a barrier to most youth. This study explored relations between CPAP adherence and QoL in youth with OSAS. Participants: We recruited 42 youth–caregiver dyads in which youth between the ages of 8 and 16 years were diagnosed with OSAS and required CPAP use as part of their treatment plan. Methods: Following diagnosis of OSAS requiring treatment with CPAP therapy, caregivers completed baseline measures of OSAS-specific QoL. The OSAS-specific QoL domains assessed included sleep disturbance, physical symptoms, emotional distress, daytime function, and caregiver concern. Families received routine CPAP care for three months, after which caregivers again completed measures of OSAS-specific QoL. Adherence data were col...
Improving Supply Chain Performance through Buyer Collaboration

We study alternative buyer strategies in markets where procurement costs are effected by economies of scale in the suppliers' production costs and by economies of scope in transportation. We consider buyer strategies with different levels of collaboration, namely, (i) no collaboration among buyers or buyer divisions, (ii) internal collaboration among the purchasing organizations of the same buyer enabled by an internal intermediary, and (iii) full collaboration among multiple buyers enabled by a third party intermediary. We test these buyer strategies under different market conditions and provide insights on when intermediaries have a significant impact on the economic value as well as the buyer surplus.
'Some Things Going on in Jan Frank's Paintings,' Jan Frank: Paintings (New York: Nahmad Contemporary, 2017), 8–14.

Hell, since my text’s got to fit on seven pages, I’ll need to race through only a few of upwards of three hundred paintings by JF — that many good ones anyway, he cracks — and I’ll have to shrug off altogether a thousand drawings, a number of sculptures and prints, even several performances, videos, and video-installations (some tapes were stolen, others JF’s planning to have fixed to see what’s on them). Of course and as usual, no one’s bothered to write down this history. Well, here goes, and it won’t be the most elegant beginning.
Curved screen virtual reality headsets

With the flexible displays on market horizon, we can now design VR systems with an additional degree of freedom. We show curved screen designs can improve the field of view or optical resolution in VR.
Germany, Islam, and Education: Unveiling the Contested Meaning(s) of the Headscarf

Few religious symbols have ignited such public and widespread debate as the headscarf; since the 1980s, controversies in the political, judicial, and educational realms have reached across the European continent. In Germany, the headscarf debate, or Kopftuchstreit, is intrinsically connected to the country’s notions of secularism as it applies specifically to teachers; teachers who wear headscarves are denied teaching jobs not only because they are civil servants and supposed to represent German culture and ideals but because their religious beliefs are seen as threatening and incongruent with the German value system. The German Kopftuchstreit centers on two defining court cases: in one, a naturalized German educator is denied the right to wear a headscarf in the classroom because the courts defined the headscarf as inherently political, while the other grants the native-born educator the right to her headscarf because it was not perceived as a threat to the students. By framing my examination of the current literature on these court cases through the lens of intersectionality, this chapter posits that female Muslim teachers who are not ethnic Germans experience multiplicative oppressions based on their ethnicity as it intersects with their gendered religious identity, which contribute to the differing verdicts in these otherwise very similar court cases. By identifying the structural elements contributing to the invisibility of female Muslim educators, this chapter seeks to disengage hegemonic educational practices while simultaneously engaging the intersectional identity of this population.
The Development of Phonological Awareness by Braille Users: A Review of the Research.

This article presents a review of research on the development of phonological awareness by braille readers. The review determined that the relationship between phonological awareness and braille is...
A Momentum Dependent Induced Interaction Model Applied to Liquid 3He

The Babu-Brown1 induced interaction model has recently been enjoying considerable success. It has been applied to liquid 3He,2,3 spin polarized 3He,4 3He-4He mixtures,5 paramagnetic metals,2 and heavy Fermion systems.6 The approach of this model is to treat the particle-hole reducible interaction explicitly by summing all one-particle-one-hole reducible diagrams to all orders. Thus this method is best at describing deformations and excitations about the Fermi surface.
Evaluation of the effects of initial water temperature and curing time on fiberglass cast strength.

Objective To determine the effects of water temperature and cure time on cast strength. Study design Prospective randomized experimental study. Methods Two water temperatures were tested, 23°C (cold) and 42°C (warm). Cast constructs were made of 4-inch fiberglass casting material over a rubber mandrel. Each construct was divided into 3 segments and tested in 4-point bending at 0.5, 1, and 24 hours. Stiffness and bending moment, cumulative energy, and angular deformation at yield and failure were recorded and analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Mean time ± SD to complete the construct was 2.2 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 0.6 minutes for warm and cold water, respectively. Warm water and longer cure times produced constructs with greater stiffness (23.05 vs 20.88 newton-meter degrees [Nm°] at 0.5 hours), bending moment (121.75 vs 107.31 Nm° at 0.5 hours), and cumulative energy (557.33 vs 428.89 Nm° at 1 hour) at yield and failure. Longer cure time significantly increased angular deformation of rods at failure; however, water temperature did not. In general, the strongest casts were produced with warm water and after curing for 24 hours. Conclusion Fiberglass casts continued to gain strength for at least 24 hours. Use of warm water increased the rate of curing, resulting in stronger constructs at earlier time points. Clinical significance Use of warm water is recommended to initiate fiberglass cast curing, especially if the casted limb will be loaded soon after cast application.