cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive factors in adjustment to cancer : attributions of self-blame and perceptions of control

We examined attributions of behavioral and characterological self-blame and perceptions of control over disease progression and recurrence as predictors of symptoms of psychological distress in a sample of adult men and women with cancer. Data were obtained near the time of diagnosis and at 4-month follow-up. Initial levels of behavioral and characterological self-blame were unrelated to concurrent psychological distress. Initial characterological self-blame as well as the interaction of characterological and behavioral self-blame was predictive of psychological distress 4 months later. Perceptions of control over cancer recurrence were unrelated to psychological distress near diagnosis or at follow-up, and control beliefs did not function as a mediator of self-blame. Initial levels of psychological distress predicted characterological but not behavioral self-blame at follow-up, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between characterological self-blame and distress.
Lung fluid balance, vascular permeability, and gas exchange after acid aspiration in awake goats.

Lung injuries were produced by instilling 2.5 ml/kg of 0.1 N HCl into the trachea of lightly anesthetized goats with previously implanted lung lymph fistulas. Lymph flow (QL), lymph-to-plasma prote...
Taxonomic Relationships Among Phenacomys Voles as Inferred by Cytochrome b

Abstract Taxonomic relationships among red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus longicaudus, P. l. silvicola), the Sonoma tree vole (P. pomo), the white-footed vole (P. albipes), and the heather vole (P. intermedius) were examined using 664 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results indicate specific differences among red tree voles, Sonoma tree voles, white-footed voles, and heather voles, but no clear difference between the 2 Oregon subspecies of red tree voles (P. l. longicaudus and P. l. silvicola). Our data further indicated a close relationship between tree voles and albipes, validating inclusion of albipes in the subgenus Arborimus. These 3 congeners shared a closer relationship to P. intermedius than to other arvicolids. A moderate association between pomo and albipes was indicated by maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses. Molecular clock estimates suggest a Pleistocene radiation of the Arborimus clade, which is concordant with pulses of diversification observe...
Studies of Bubbly Channel Flows by Direct Numerical Simulations

Recent DNS studies of buoyant bubbly flows in vertical channels are discussed. Simulations of nearly spherical bubbly flows in vertical channels show that the bubbles move towards the walls for upflow and away from the walls for downflow in such a way that the core is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For downflow the wall-layer is free of bubbles but for upflow there is an excess of bubbles in the wall-layer. The liquid velocity in the core is nearly uniform. For laminar downflow the velocity in the wall-layer can be computed analytically and for turbulent flow the velocity is given (almost) by the law of the wall. For upflow the velocity in the wall-layer is strongly influenced by the presence of the bubbles. We conclude by discussing briefly bubble coalescence and topology induced flow regime changes.
Correlation of CT-based regional cardiac function (SQUEEZ) with myocardial strain calculated from tagged MRI : an experimental study

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between local myocardial function estimates from CT and myocardial strain from tagged MRI in the same heart. Accurate detection of regional myocardial dysfunction can be an important finding in the diagnosis of functionally significant coronary artery disease. Tagged MRI is currently a reference standard for noninvasive regional myocardial function analysis; however, it has practical drawbacks. We have developed a CT imaging protocol and automated image analysis algorithm for estimating regional cardiac function from a few heartbeats. This method tracks the motion of the left ventricular (LV) endocardial surface to produce local function maps: we call the method Stretch Quantification of Endocardial Engraved Zones (SQUEEZ). Myocardial infarction was created by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 2 h followed by reperfusion in canine models. Tagged and cine MRI scans were performed during the reperfusion phase and first-pass contrast enhanced CT scans were acquired. The average delay between the CT and MRI scans was <1 h. Circumferential myocardial strain (Ecc) was calculated from the tagged MRI data. The agreement between peak systolic Ecc and SQUEEZ was investigated in 162 segments in the 9 hearts. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the correlation between the two metrics of local LV function. The results show good agreement between SQUEEZ and Ecc: (r = 0.71, slope = 0.78, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland-Altman showed a small bias of -0.02 with 95 % confidence interval of 0.1, and standard deviation of 0.05 representing ~6.5 % of the dynamic range of LV function. The good agreement between the estimates of local myocardial function obtained from CT SQUEEZ and tagged MRI provides encouragement to investigate the use of SQUEEZ for measuring regional cardiac function at a low clinical dose in humans.
An Unlearned Principle for Controlling Natural Movements

Recently, Gottlieb and colleagues discovered a linear relation between elbow and shoulder dynamic torque in natural pointing movements in the sagittal plane. The present study investigates if the p...
The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon

Norling recounts a harrowing tale of valour, determination and occasional hard-bought success in this study of the Cagayan-Apayao Forces in the Philippines. Their bravery is unquestionable, but by September 1943 they were finished - victims of death in combat, capture by the enemy or disease.
Cuno, the Dormant Commerce Clause, and Passing the Targeted Tax Incentive Hot Potato

The author says that, after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Cuno, the most important step against targeted tax incentives is enacting disclosure requirements.
Extending the application of Arabian Gulf killifish embryo test for risk assessment of heavy metals in Qatari waters

Fish embryos are excellent models for studies aimed at the understanding of toxic mechanisms and the indication of possible acute and chronic effects. For the past 3 years, an Arabian killifish fish embryo test (FET) has been developed in our laboratory as a routine ecotoxicological test for risk assessment of potential contaminants in the Arabian Gulf around Qatar. To further explore the applicability of the killifish embryos as a model for the Arabian Gulf conditions, we tested the toxicity of heavy metals such as zinc and copper using Arabian seawater conditions. A breeding stock of sexually mature killifish, variable in age, was used for egg production. Eggs from several females were pooled and placed in salt water for fertilization. Embryos were examined under a dissecting microscope and viable embryos that were less than 6 h were selected. Eggs were distributed in replicates by stratified random assortment into 24 well plates. Observation was performed in 48-hour increments (± 2 hours). Endpoints included: coagulated eggs, absence of heartbeat, tail deformity and delayed hatching. Literature review was compiled for fish species that have been recommended for ELS toxicity testing. The data collected was then used for comparison to the current findings and the sensitivity was then extrapolated for the killifish embryos. Past findings indicate that toxicity is reduced in high salinity waters. This was confirmed in this study where at salinity 40 psu there were no apparent effects on embryos for any concentration tested and all embryos hatched at expected duration. When salinity was reduced from 40 to 20 psu, metal toxicity increased significantly (P > 0.05). Examination of the existing literature on acute Zn and Cu toxicity to fish and larvae showed similar results to the findings in this study using killifish embryos. The findings further support the use of killifish embryos as indicator organisms for environmental risk assessments of Qatari waters. Benefits include; sensitivity to wide range of substances and conditions, animal alternative, ease of fish breeding, clarity of the embryos, reduced sample size, reduced waste generation and shorter study duration. By expanding this test to evaluate its sensitivity towards other potential contaminants in the Arabian Gulf, we will further enhance the potential of killifish embryos to be adopted as a model species in marine ecotoxicology and risk assessment in this region.
Bioassay and activity of several insect growth regulators on the imported fire ant.

A bioassay was developed for comparisons of activity of insect growth regulators on Solenopsis invicta Buren. The percentage of pupae developing adult pigmentation was a reliable criterion for IGR activity not previously reported for the imported fire ant and was more readily observed than other morphogenic effects which occurred. The most effective IGR was an aryl terpenoid ether with a 7-alkoxy group for the 6, 7-epoxymoiety. Several other broad spectrum IGR’s showed good activity.
Inhibitory effect of an ultracentrifugal fraction of rat renal homogenate on TSH-stimulated 131-I uptake by bovine thyroid slices.

SummaryThe kidneys of rats contain a factor, extractable in normal saline, which depresses the uptake of 131I by slices of bovine thyroid gland in vitro. The thyroid depressing factor (TDF) is present in ultraeentrifugal fractions of kidney (35.000g for 0.5 hour) and inhibits the stimulatory effect of TSH on 131I uptake. Thus, a graded increase in concentration of renal factor in the incubation medium resulted in a graded depression in 131I uptake by bovine thyroid slices stimulated to take up iodide by TSH (100 mU/ml medium). An experiment designed statistically to reveal interaction between TSH and TDF failed to demonstrate significant interaction. The exact mechanism by which TDF blocks the stimulatory effect of TSH on iodide uptake cannot be ascertained from these studies but the results suggest that TDF inhibits some aspect of iodide transport and thereby prevents TSH from manifesting its typical effect.
Wealth, Status, Ritual, and Marine Shell at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico

The center of Casas Grandes (or Paquime) in northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, long has been famous for the large quantities of imported and exotic materials found there. It contains the largest cache of marine shell ever found at an inland site in prehistoric North America or Mesoamerica. Several explanations have been offered for this phenomenon, including amassing of personal wealth, stockpiling for mercantile exchange, and accumulation for use in a prestige goods context. The present paper argues that extant data do not conclusively support any of these explanations, and it offers a new interpretation of the community’s vast shell hoards. They are seen within the materialist perspective as "animate objects," forming a vast repository of supernatural power that was a central part of the community’s ritual system. This argument is extended to other features of Casas Grandes, including its reservoirs, water shrine, and bird burials.
Clinical analysis of gamma globulin combinated methylprednisolone on severe bronchiolitis

Objective: To invesitate the clinial effect of gamma globulin combinated methylprednisolone on severe bronchiolitis.Methods: 114 cases of suffering children with severe bronchiolitis were selected and were randomly divided into therapia group and control group,there were 57 cases of suffering children in every group,all suffering children received treated with inhaling oxygen,antitussive and antiasthmatic,anti-infection,suffering children in control group treated with methylprednisolone,suffering children in therapia group treated with globulin combinated methylprednisolone,after one week,clinical curative effect were contrasted between control group and therapia group.Results: One week after treatment,clinical effective power was 91.2% in therapia group and was 80.7% in control group,clinical effective power was higher in therapia group than in control group,time of cough,gasping and rales disappearing was shorter in therapia group than in control group,time of lung X-ray plate improving was shorter in therapia group than in control group.Conclusion: Gamma globulin combinated methylprednisolone can release clinical symptom on severe bronchiolitis,improve clinical curative effect.
Conditioned Logistic Regression Analysis on the Course of HIV Infection Long Term Non-progressors in Yunnan Province

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of HIV infection with long term non-progression in Yunnan Province. Methods The research methods was case-control study. The HIV patients with long-term stable course( 10 years) were as case group,and patients in progressive course were as the control group. The cases data were downloaded from China information system for disease control and prevention,and the HIV infected were interviewed face to face. The database was established by Epi Data3. 1,and the SPSS19. 0 software was used to process and analyze data. Results The number of the case group and the control group were 143. Conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the first count of CD4+T lymphocyte more than700 / μL( OR = 5. 101,95% CI: 1. 004 ~ 13. 819),the follow-up times ≥ 20 times( OR = 26. 501,95%CI: 2. 149 ~ 326. 847) were the promoting factors of HIV infection in long-term stable course. Infected by injecting drug( OR = 0. 152,95% CI: 0. 020 ~ 0. 381),not receiving methadone maintenance treatment( OR = 0. 005,95% CI: 0. 001 ~ 0. 109) were promoting factors in disease progression. Conclusion HIV infected found early and maintain higher follow-up compliance could delay the progression of the disease. Injecting drug users and not accepting methadone maintenance treatment could promote the development of disease.
S. aureus Virulence Factors Thwart Host Immune Responses: Several proteins from this pathogen target specific cells of the host immune system, impairing both innate and adaptive immune responses

To thrive within immunocompetent human hosts, pathogenic microorganisms adapt to and resist both innate and adaptive immune responses. For example, the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is highly efficient at infecting humans and evading host immunity. Adding to this health burden is the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), that can cause significant hospital-associated infections (HA-MRSA) among immunocompromised patients. In addition, highly virulent community-associated MRSA strains (CA-MRSA) emerged during the past decade, causing disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Thus, new therapeutic agents and antimicrobials are needed.
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Children: The Artificial Sphincter Versus Other Methods

Urinary incontinence in children is a distressing problem that often is magnified during puberty, since the children then realize the full significance of the disorder. Although there are numerous methods of treatment described none offers the reliable combination of a normal body image and total urinary continence. We describe our experience with the AS792 artificial urinary sphincter in treating children with urinary incontinence of varying etiologies and compare it with other described methods.
American Pediatric Society 2015 presidential address: life’s lessons learned

Presented at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Pediatric Society, San Diego, California, USA.
Abdominal trauma leading to diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

Crohn’s disease can first manifest at different ages and with different symptoms. Crohn’s disease has been reported in the literature to present with symptoms similar to ruptured appendicitis [1], military tuberculosis [2], and even condylomata acuminata [3]. Crohn’s disease is primarily diagnosed in children in the context of nontraumatic bowel perforations [4]. Very rarely is it first diagnosed in the context of trauma. Trauma can sometimes mask underlying medical conditions warranting further workup and a different treatment approach.
Early-life seizures alter synaptic calcium-permeable AMPA receptor function and plasticity.

Abstract Calcium (Ca2+)-mediated 4 signaling pathways are critical to synaptic plasticity. In adults, the NMDA glutamate receptor (NMDAR) represents a major route for activity-dependent synaptic Ca2+ entry. However, during neonatal development, when synaptic plasticity is particularly high, many AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are also permeable to Ca2+ (CP-AMPAR) due to low GluA2 subunit expression, providing an additional route for activity- and glutamate-dependent Ca2+ influx and subsequent signaling. Therefore, altered hippocampal Ca2+ signaling may represent an age-specific pathogenic mechanism. We thus aimed to assess Ca2+ responses 48 h after hypoxia-induced neonatal seizures (HS) in postnatal day (P)10 rats, a post-seizure time point at which we previously reported LTP attenuation. We found that Ca2+ responses were higher in brain slices from post-HS rats than in controls and that this increase was CP-AMPAR-dependent. To determine whether synaptic CP-AMPAR expression was also altered post-HS, we assessed the expression of GluA2 at hippocampal synapses and the expression of long-term depression (LTD), which has been linked to the presence of synaptic GluA2. Here we report a decrease 48 h after HS in synaptic GluA2 expression at synapses and LTD in hippocampal CA1. Given the potentially critical role of AMPAR trafficking in disease progression, we aimed to establish whether post-seizure in vivo AMPAR antagonist treatment prevented the enhanced Ca2+ responses, changes in GluA2 synaptic expression, and diminished LTD. We found that NBQX treatment prevents all three of these post-seizure consequences, further supporting a critical role for AMPARs as an age-specific therapeutic target.
Unconscious emotion: A cognitive neuroscientific perspective

While psychiatry and clinical psychology have long discussed the topic of unconscious emotion, and its potentially explanatory role in psychopathology, this topic has only recently begun to receive attention within cognitive neuroscience. In contrast, neuroscientific research on conscious vs. unconscious processes within perception, memory, decision-making, and cognitive control has seen considerable advances in the last two decades. In this article, we extrapolate from this work, as well as from recent neural models of emotion processing, to outline multiple plausible neuro-cognitive mechanisms that may be able to explain why various aspects of one's own emotional reactions can remain unconscious in specific circumstances. While some of these mechanisms involve top-down or motivated factors, others instead arise due to bottom-up processing deficits. Finally, we discuss potential implications that these different mechanisms may have for therapeutic intervention, as well as how they might be tested in future research.
Mining of Training Samples for Multiple Learning Machines in Computer-Aided Detection of Lesions in CT Images

Optimal selection of training samples is very difficult when multiple learning machines are used in classification. We investigated an approach to mining of training samples for multiple learning machines in computer-aided detection of lesions. Our approach starts from "weakness" analysis of a seed machine-learning (ML) model trained for a given task. The weakness is analyzed in the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) space in classification. The most to least "difficult" samples for the seed model are "mined" by dividing samples into N groups by the ROC scores. N ML models are trained with the mined N groups of training samples in an ensemble manner. We tested our approach in classification between 25 lesions and 489 non-lesions. Our ML ensemble trained with the mined samples achieved a performance higher than did an ML ensemble with manually selected training samples.
Development of a rapid and reliable assay for in vitro determination of compound cidality against the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum

The pace of anti-malarial drug discovery is often impeded due to the lack of tools to determine the cidality of compounds in vitro. An anti-malarial compound must have a cidal mode of action, i.e. kill parasites, in order to quickly reduce parasite load. A static compound that merely inhibits growth must be identified early on in the discovery cascade. In this paper, we describe a high-throughput fluorescent assay for determination of the cidality of an anti-malarial compound. The assay works on the principle that cultures treated with a static compound will exhibit re-growth while treatment with a cidal compound leads to a marked reduction in parasite number. Parasite cultures are treated with the drug for 48 or 72 h following which the drug is washed off. Cultures are allowed to recover in drug-free media for 72 h and DNA content estimated using the fluorescent dye SyBR Green I. Following estimation of IC50 and IC99 values, we find that the IC99/IC50 ratio is a reliable indicator of the cidality of a compound. Cidal compounds like artemisinin and chloroquine display an IC99/IC50 ratio 5. This correlation holds true for various anti-malarial drugs with known modes of action. Importantly, the IC99/IC50 ratio drops to <5 when a compound becomes cidal in action with longer duration of treatment. The assay is robust, reliable and provides a fast and effective means for prioritizing cidal compounds for progression along the drug discovery cascade.
Discrete Fracture Network Modeling and Simulation of Subsurface Transport for the Topopah Springs and Lava Flow Aquifers at Pahute Mesa, FY 15 Progress Report

This progress report for fiscal year 2015 (FY15) describes the development of discrete fracture network (DFN) models for Pahute Mesa. DFN models will be used to upscale parameters for simulations of subsurface flow and transport in fractured media in Pahute Mesa. The research focuses on modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport using DFNs generated according to fracture characteristics observed in the Topopah Spring Aquifer (TSA) and the Lava Flow Aquifer (LFA). This work will improve the representation of radionuclide transport processes in large-scale, regulatory-focused models with a view to reduce pessimistic bounding approximations and provide more realistic contaminant boundary calculations that can be used to describe the future extent of contaminated groundwater. Our goal is to refine a modeling approach that can translate parameters to larger-scale models that account for local-scale flow and transport processes, which tend to attenuate migration.
Barriers to latrine use for defecation among mothers of children less than 59 months

Background: India has high concentration of its population who defecate outdoors or at least 620 million people who practice open defecation. This share has seen a slight decline in the past decade but with rapid population growth most Indians are being exposed to more human waste than ever before. Methods: This paper aims to study what is preventing the mothers of children 0-59 months in using latrine for defecation at all times through barrier analysis survey. It is a doer and non-doer study, a doer is defined as mothers of children 0-59 months of age who defecate in a latrine at all times and a non-doer are mothers of children 0-59 months of age who do not defecate in a latrine at all times. Results: Mothers who use latrine felt that having a latrine close to their residence or a private latrine makes it easy for them to use latrine every time for defecation. Clean environment was considered as an advantage among those who use latrine every time. They feel it is safer from harm if a latrine is used every time for defecation. Mothers who did not use a latrine felt very difficult to remember to use a latrine each time for defecation. Also those who do not use latrine feel that no toilet or a land to build one makes it difficult for them in making use of a latrine every time for defecation. Conclusions: The determinants studied will help in carefully addressing the barriers through targeted activities to encourage and promote the use of latrine. Action-oriented programs like community led total sanitation (CLTS) for overall behaviour change, help mothers to grow increasingly confident about the use of latrine and in overcoming the hurdles in using latrine at all times and also avoid relapse into open defecation.
Formulation of Aminosilica Adsorbents into 3D-Printed Monoliths and Evaluation of Their CO2 Capture Performance.

Amine-based materials have represented themselves as a promising class of CO2 adsorbents; however, their large-scale implementation requires their formulation into suitable structures. In this study, we report formulation of aminosilica adsorbents into monolithic structures through a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique. In particular, 3D-printed monoliths were fabricated using presynthesized silica-supported tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) adsorbents using three different approaches. In addition, a 3D-printed bare silica monolith was prepared and post-functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS). Characterization of the obtained monoliths indicated that aminosilica materials retained their characteristics after being extruded into 3D-printed configurations. Adsorptive performance of amine-based structured adsorbents was also investigated in CO2 capture. Our results indicated that aminosilica materials retain their structural, physical, and chemical properties in...
An Enduring Problem: Radioactive Waste From Nuclear Energy [Point of View]

Decades after the idea was first proposed, it appears that underground repositories to manage radioactive spent fuel from commercial reactors are finally going to be constructed. In November 2015, the ruling center-right party in Finland became the first government to grant a construction license for such a repository [1] . The U.S. Department of Energy is pursuing a consent-based process to set up a similar repository. Do these developments mean that a long-sought solution to the problem of nuclear waste is imminent?
Inequity in organ allocation for patients awaiting liver transplantation: Rationale for uncapping the model for end-stage liver disease

Background & Aim The goal of organ allocation is to distribute a scarce resource equitably to the sickest patients. In the United States, the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) is used to allocate livers for transplantation. Patients with greater MELD scores are at greater risk of death on the waitlist and are prioritized for liver transplant (LT). The MELD is capped at 40 however, and patients with calculated MELD scores >40 are not prioritized despite increased mortality. We aimed to evaluate waitlist and post-transplant survival stratified by MELD to determine outcomes in patients with MELD >40. Methods Using United Network for Organ Sharing data, we identified patients listed for LT from February 2002 through to December 2012. Waitlist candidates with MELD ⩾40 were followed for 30days or until the earliest occurrence of death or transplant. Results Of 65,776 waitlisted patients, 3.3% had MELD ⩾40 at registration, and an additional 7.3% had MELD scores increase to ⩾40 after waitlist registration. A total of 30,369 (46.2%) underwent LT, of which 2,615 (8.6%) had MELD ⩾40 at transplant. Compared to MELD 40, the hazard ratio of death within 30days of registration was 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.6) for patients with MELD 41–44, 2.6 (95% CI 2.1–3.1) for MELD 45–49, and 5.0 (95% CI 4.1–6.1) for MELD ⩾50. There was no difference in 1- and 3-year survival for patients transplanted with MELD >40 compared to MELD=40. A survival benefit associated with LT was seen as MELD increased above 40. Conclusions Patients with MELD >40 have significantly greater waitlist mortality but comparable post-transplant outcomes to patients with MELD=40 and, therefore, should be given priority for LT. Uncapping the MELD will allow more equitable organ distribution aligned with the principle of prioritizing patients most in need. Lay summary: In the United States (US), organs for liver transplantation are allocated by an objective scoring system called the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), which aims to prioritize the sickest patients for transplant. The greater the MELD score, the greater the mortality without liver transplant. The MELD score, however, is artificially capped at 40 and thus actually disadvantages the sickest patients with end-stage liver disease. Analysis of the data advocates uncapping the MELD score to appropriately prioritize the patients most in need of a liver transplant.
Chip-based tunable direct comb spectroscopy

We demonstrate mode-hop-free tuning of a modelocked frequency comb over 60 GHz in a silicon microresonator. A gas-phase spectroscopy of acetylene is performed with a high-spectral-resolution (< 80 MHz) over a bandwidth of 40 THz.
Modeling, fabrication, and testing of metamaterial based wireless temperature sensor (Conference Presentation)

This paper presents the fabrication, modeling and testing of a metamaterial based passive wireless temperature sensor consisting of an array of closed ring resonators (CRRs) embedded in a dielectric material matrix. A mixture of 70 vol% Boron Nitride (BN) and 30 vol% Barium Titanate (BTO) is used as the dielectric matrix and copper washers are used as CRRs. Conventional powder compression is used for the sensor fabrication. The feasibility of wireless temperature sensing is demonstrated up to 200 C. The resonance frequency of the sensor decreases from 11.93 GHz at room temperature to 11.85 GHz at 200 C, providing a sensitivity of 0.462 MHz/C. The repeatability of temperature sensing tests was carried out to quantify the repeatability. The highest standard deviation observed was 0.012 GHz at 200 C.
The Dietary Inflammatory Index, shift work, and depression: Results from NHANES.

Objectives Abnormal physiology (e.g., inflammation), brought on by environmental exposures (e.g., diet or shift work [SW]), can affect numerous bodily systems, including the brain, and may be associated with depressive symptomatology. The study examined the associations between SW and depressive symptoms and diet-related inflammation (estimated by the Dietary Inflammatory Index [DII]) and depressive symptoms. Additionally, diet was examined as a mediator between SW and depressive symptoms. Method Data were obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). SW data were based on self-report. Dietary data were collected using 24-hr dietary recalls for DII calculation. Depressive symptoms were defined using a cut-point of 10 (moderate) on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for depressive symptoms by SW and DII quartiles. Results DII scores were associated with depressive symptoms among women. Women in DII quartile 4 were 30% more likely to report depressive symptoms than women in quartile 1 (95% CI [1.00-1.68]). There was no association between symptoms and SW when using a PHQ-9 cut-point of 10. When using a cut-point of 5 (mild depressive symptoms), those working any form of SW were more likely to suffer from mild symptoms than day workers (odds ratio = 1.22; 95% CI [1.04-1.43]). There was some evidence for mediation by the DII between SW and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Future longitudinal studies should examine effects of reductions in inflammation through diet on depressive symptoms, especially among shift workers, to elucidate the role of diet on depression among these groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
Models of Firm Growth

A GRICULTURAL economists' interest in models of farm-firm growth arises from (1) the inadequacy of static firm theory to explain the observed differential rates of growth of different farms, and (2) the lack of confirmation of a U-shaped long-run cost curve in empirical studies of farm cost-size relationships [2, 3]. Growth, according to Penrose [6], is an internal process of the firm through which the productive opportunities of the firm are used to expand its size. For some enterprising firms, there is a continuous incentive to expand and there is no limit to their absolute size. However, it is hypothesized that there is a limit to the rate of growth, i.e., the productive opportunities of a firm are limited in any period. The intent of this paper is to present a simple model of capital accumulation and show how growth rates are an integral part of this process. The specific assumptions made in order to specify the model are quite plausible in view of empirical studies of farm firms; however, no attempt will be made to test the model (empirically) and hence no claims will be made for its theoretical significance. The only claim to be made is that the model is a useful way of looking at the accumulation process and that some of the hypotheses used in the model and/or deducible from the model may be testable.
Optimal Contractile Forces for a Mesenchymal Engine

The cell and molecular mechanisms that cause a smooth epithelium to become topographically patterned during development are poorly understood. In a recent issue of Science, Shyer et al. (2017) show that myosin II contractility drives the smooth dermal mesenchyme into a pattern of surface bumps that triggers epithelial gene expression.
Preconditioning and Postconditioning by Cardiac Glycosides in the Mouse Heart.

Ouabain preconditioning (OPC) initiated by low concentrations of the cardiac glycoside (CG) ouabain binding to Na/K-ATPase is relayed by a unique intracellular signaling and protects cardiac myocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury. To explore more clinically applicable protocols based on CG properties, we tested whether the FDA-approved CG digoxin could trigger cardioprotective effects comparable with those of ouabain using PC, preconditioning and PostC, postconditioning protocols in the Langendorff-perfused mouse heart subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion. Ouabain or digoxin at 10 μmol/L inhibited Na/K-ATPase activity by approximately 30% and activated PKCe translocation by approximately 50%. Digoxin-induced PC (DigPC), initiated by a transient exposure before 40 minutes of ischemia, was as effective as OPC as suggested by the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and cardiac Na/K-ATPase activity after 30 minutes of reperfusion. DigPC also significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase release and reduced infarct size, comparable with OPC. PostC protocols consisting of a single bolus injection of 100 nmoles of ouabain or digoxin in the coronary tree at the beginning of reperfusion both improved significantly the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, demonstrating a functional and structural protection comparable with the one provided by OPC. Given the unique signaling triggered by OPC, these results suggest that DigPostC could be considered for patients with risk factors and/or concurrent treatments that may limit effectiveness of ischemic PostC.
Oncogenic activation of the neu-encoded receptor protein by point mutation and deletion.

Abstract The rat neu gene, which encodes a receptor-like protein homologous to the epidermal growth factor receptor, is frequently activated by a point mutation altering a valine residue to a glutamic acid residue in its predicted transmembrane domain. Additional point mutations have been constructed in a normal neu cDNA at and around amino acid position 664, the site of the naturally arising mutation. A mutation which causes a substitution of a glutamine residue for the normal valine at residue 664 leads to full oncogenic activation of the neu gene, but five other substitutions do not. Substituted glutamic acid residues at amino acid positions 663 or 665 do not activate the neu gene. Thus only a few specific residues at amino acid residue 664 can activate the oncogenic potential of the neu gene. Deletion of sequences of the transforming neu gene demonstrates that no more than 420 amino acids of the 1260 encoded by the gene are required for full transforming function. Mutagenesis of the transforming clone demonstrates a correlation between transforming activity and tyrosine kinase activity. These data indicate that the activating point mutation induces transformation through (or together with) the activities of the tyrosine kinase.
A multiscale transport model for non-classical nanochannel electroosmosis

We present a multiscale model describing the electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanoscale channels involving high surface charge liquid-solid interfaces. The departure of the EOF velocity profiles from classical predictions is explained by the non-classical charge distribution in the confined direction including charge inversion, reduced mobility of interfacial counter-ions, and subsequent enhancement of the local viscosity. The excess component of the local solvent viscosity is modeled by the local application of the Fuoss-Onsager theory and the Hubbard-Onsager electro-hydrodynamic equation based dielectric friction theory. The electroosmotic slip velocity is estimated from the interfacial friction coefficient, which in turn is calculated using a generalized Langevin equation based dynamical framework. The proposed model for local viscosity enhancement and EOF velocity shows good agreement of corresponding physical quantities against relevant molecular dynamics simulation results, including the cases of anomal...
Excitation-contraction coupling in the heart.

Muscle contraction is the development of force or of motion by interaction of two complex proteins, actin and myosin. Their interaction results in relative translation of the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. The interaction is a chemical association between the head of the myosin molecule and the actin molecule, and force or motion results from a bending of the head where it joins the backbone of the myosin molecule. The chemical interaction itself is permitted as a consequence of a cascade of chemical events resulting from binding of Ca2+ to one of a heterotrimeric troponin complex. That interaction causes a change in a tropomyosin molecule, which releases actin sites for reaction with myosin.
AUTOIMMUNITY IN ACQUIRED DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA OF CHICKENS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the autoimmunity in acquired dysgammaglobulinemia of chickens. The development of a line of chickens with inherited immunodeficiency has been recently reported. Examination of serum Ig levels from previous generations helped trace the defect to a single-line 3 male, an ancestor common to both line 140 and 142. This deficiency, analogous to human acquired agammaglobulinemia, is characterized by early normal Ig synthesis, followed by a late onset dysgammaglobulinemia. The expression of this abnormality is variable and may include generally elevated serum IgM and total absence or marked elevation of serum IgG. Selective backcrosses have shown that the dysgammaglobulinemia is highly heritable and is probably under the control of more than one gene. In an experiment described in the chapter, it was found that mating abnormal cocks with abnormal hens resulted in lower fertility than that of other mating combinations. A slight but not significant reduction in the hatchability was also noticed. Most significantly, there were a greater number of abnormal chicks produced when both parents were dysgammaglobulinemic.
Using persistent wikis as a pedagogical resource

Abstract: Wikis have become valuable tools for collaborative projects. A characteristic of wikis that has not been fully exploited in their educational applications is the ability to build content across multiple courses, or over time periods longer than a single term. This kind of wiki creates course continuity, benefiting both students and instructors. By extending the life of collaborative previous work. This work can become a subject area resource benefiting the organization, the discipline, or the public, and instructors can use wikis to maintain a portfolio documenting student work.
Synthesis and properties of class III metallothioneins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in response to cadmium and zinc

Metal-binding peptides derived from glutathione and having the structure (γGlu-Cys)nGly[(γEC)nG] were first described by Murasugi et al. [1] in studies of Schizosaccharomyces pombe growing in the presence of added cadmium ions. These peptides were subsequently found to be synthesized in a wide variety of plant species [2] and have been designated as phytochelatins, gamma-glutamyl peptides, and class III metallothioneins. The enzyme responsible for the step-wise addition of the γEC moiety to γECG (glutathione) or an already formed (γEC)nG has been isolated from Silene cucubalis and partially characterized. The enzyme is a dipeptidyl transferase that has been given the trivial name phytochelatin synthase and has been reported to be constitutive in plants [3].
The Enamel of Neogene Hominoids

The present view of primate evolution is based almost completely on dental remains. This nearly total reliance on teeth by paleoanthropologists in their attempts to reconstruct phylogenies and to interpret functional parameters makes it imperative that every piece of information be evaluated. Teeth are the most abundant fossil remains because they are the hardest and most highly calcified elements of the mammalian skeleton. Thus, they are best suited to survive the processes of death, scavenging, and burial. They are also least susceptible to the processes of fossilization. The teeth are an unique organ, constructed of three calcified tissues: enamel, dentin, and cementum.
Key Themes in Writing

This chapter summarizes some key themes in Richard’s illustrious career. We witness formal academic pursuits where he was a key figure in major shifts in paradigms in criminology, from the dominance of the more conservative “consensus paradigm” to the rise of “critical criminology.” But he was constantly “on the road again,” ever seeking to transcend even his well-received work. He resigned his prestigious university professorship at NYU, accepting visiting professorships at five universities, to pursue unrestrained engagement with a quest for understanding. He was a wonderer, a traveler toward the possible, never fully satisfied that he had discovered the answer. We also witness his work in Eastern Philosophy, introducing a spiritual dimension to purely materialist critiques of political economy and criminal justice. And we witness his increasing search inward for understanding the nature of struggles and how to overcome them.
Phase II multicenter pilot study of safety, efficacy, and immune cell profiling in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on combination of sorafenib (SOR) plus nivolumab (NIVO).

TPS464Background: The antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) SOR prolongs survival in advanced HCC, but responses occur in fewer than 5% of patients (pts) and median progression-free surviv...
Separation of Macrophages and Fibroblasts Using Contactless Dielectrophoresis and a Novel ImageJ Macro

Background: This study presents a label-free method of separating macrophages and fibroblasts, cell types critically associated with tumors. Materials and Methods: Contactless dielectrophoresis (DE...
Bevacizumab beyond progression: Impact of subsequent bevacizumab retreatment in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer after progression.

5557Background: The Food and Drug Administration approved the use of bevacizumab for treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma (OC) in combination ...
Relationships of consumer sensory ratings, marbling score, and shear force value to consumer acceptance of beef strip loin steaks

Logistic regression was used to quantify and characterize the effects of changes in marbling score, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and consumer panel sensory ratings for tenderness, juiciness, or flavor on the probability of overall consumer acceptance of strip loin steaks from beef carcasses (n = 550). Consumers (n = 489) evaluated steaks for tenderness, juiciness, and flavor using nine-point hedonic scales (1 = like extremely and 9 = dislike extremely) and for overall steak acceptance (satisfied or not satisfied). Predicted acceptance of steaks by consumers was high (> 85%) when the mean consumer sensory rating for tenderness,juiciness, or flavor for a steak was 3 or lower on the hedonic scale. Conversely, predicted consumer acceptance of steaks was low ( 5.5 kg) or low (< 3.0 kg) portions of the range of WBSF values had little effect on the probability of consumer acceptance of steaks.
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare, angiodestructive, EBV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ENKTCL nasal type is the most common subtype and is characterized by localized lesions involving the nose, nasopharynx, or oropharynx. Extra-nasal disease is less common and generally more aggressive. The immunophenotype of ENKTCL is unique, with most cases expressing NK-cell markers (CD2+, cytoplasmic CD3+, and CD56+). Treatment options for localized disease include concurrent, sandwich, or sequential chemoradiation. Advanced stage and extranodal disease are treated with chemotherapy. The overall prognosis for ENKTCL has improved with asparaginase-based chemotherapy. In the relapsed and/or refractory setting, several promising novel agents are currently under investigation.
Boron paleosalinity proxy for deeply buried Paleozoic and Ediacaran fossils

Abstract Boron content is an indicator of paleosalinity for Mesozoic and Cenozoic clayey sediments, but is compromised by clay diagenesis in deeply-buried sediments of Paleozoic and Ediacaran age. This study of North American, Russian, and Australian, Paleozoic and Ediacaran fossils showed tight covariance of B (ppm) and K (wt%), confirming common wisdom that boron is carried largely by illlite-smectite clays. Ratios of B/K >40 μg/g distinguish modern marine and freshwater sediments, but this discrimination threshold declines to 21 μg/g for sequences with bituminous coal just below the anchimetamorphic zone, and to 5 μg/g for sequences within the anchimetamorphic zone toward greenschist facies. Marine and non-marine threshold B/K values can be predicted from Weaver and Kubler indices of illite crystallinity, as a measure of B depletion during deep burial and metamorphism. Deviations from that expectation (ΔB/K-Weaver and ΔB/K-Kubler) are positive in marine rocks, and negative in non-marine rocks. Trilobites, stromatolites and other marine fossils were correctly identified as marine by this proxy, and fossil land plants identified as non-marine, though in some cases by small margins because of declining B content with increased clay crystallinity. Cryogenian to Devonian problematic quilted fossils (Dickinsonia, Arumberia, Rangea, Pteridinium, Ernietta, Aspidella, Rutgersella, Protonympha) are indistinguishable from Devonian to Triassic plants using this proxy, and significantly different from trilobites, brachiopods, ammonites and other securely marine fossils.
A Bayesian Approach for Statistical-Physical Bulk Parameterization of Rain Microphysics. Part II: Idealized Markov Chain Monte Carlo Experiments

AbstractObservationally informed development of a new framework for bulk rain microphysics, the Bayesian Observationally Constrained Statistical–Physical Scheme (BOSS; described in Part I of this s...
The Mixed Constitution in Plato’s Laws

In Plato's Laws, the Athenian Visitor says that the best constitution is a mixture of monarchy and democracy. This is the theoretical basis for the institutions of Magnesia, and it helps the citize...