cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Immediate Gains Predict Long-Term Symptom Change? Findings from a Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Youth Anxiety and Depression.

Single-session interventions (SSIs) can help reduce youth psychopathology, but SSIs may benefit some youths more than others. Identifying predictors of SSIs’ effectiveness may clarify youths’ likelihoods of benefitting from an SSI alone, versus requiring further treatment. We tested whether pre-to-post-SSI shifts in hypothesized symptom change mechanisms predicted subsequent reductions in youth internalizing symptoms. Data were from a trial evaluating whether an SSI teaching growth mindset (the belief that personality is malleable) reduced youth anxiety and depression. Youths (N = 96, ages 12–15) self-reported growth mindsets, perceived primary control, and perceived secondary control pre- and immediately post-intervention. They self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms at pre-intervention and 3, 6, and 9-month follow-ups. Larger immediate increases in primary control predicted steeper depressive symptoms declines across the follow-up; larger immediate increases in secondary control predicted steeper anxiety symptoms declines. Immediate shifts in proximal intervention “targets” may predict longer-term response to an SSI for youth internalizing distress. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03132298.
Modeling Hypervelocity Impact Temperatures for Europa Clipper Planetary Protection

A scarcely explored means for reducing the probability of biological contamination of a planetary body when inadvertently impacted by an Earth-origin spacecraft is the heat generated by the impact event itself. This paper formulates some necessary considerations and an appropriate analytical approach for modeling and estimating impact induced plastic deformation heat generation in spacecraft metallic components and sub-systems, and applies it to the Europa Clipper mission. Plastic deformation heat generation and other mechanisms were then used as inputs to a separate model developed to compute biohazard mitigation. Considerable temperature increases capable of providing biological sterility for some, but not all of the Europa Clipper's spacecraft components is indicated.
Pulmonary Hypertension Resolves Post Transplantation in Patients Treated with Milrinone or Dobutamine

Purpose Heart failure (HF) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Heart transplantation can lead to significant long-term survival. One complication of HF is the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to increased left heart pressures. The presence of fixed PH is a contraindication to heart transplantation. Milrinone is hypothesized to lead to pulmonary vasodilation through its inhibition of PDE-4 and may be the better inotrope in patients with PH being evaluated for transplantation. In this study we investigate the effects of pre-transplant inotrope selection with milrinone or dobutamine on post-transplant pulmonary hemodynamics. Methods Patients were selected from those receiving heart transplants at the Ohio State Wexner Medical Center between 1/1/2009-12/31/2018 with approval from the Ohio State University Biomedical Institutional Review Board. Patients were excluded if they had previous diagnoses of group 1 PH, CKD III, or prior heart transplant. Prior to transplant, pulmonary hemodynamic data assessed by right heart catheterization (RHC) were obtained before and during (7-365 days) milrinone or dobutamine therapy. Post-transplant RHC data were obtained one month and one year post transplant. Results We identified 22 patients treated with milrinone and 16 patients treated with dobutamine who met inclusion criteria for this study. Patients treated with milrinone had higher pre-inotrope mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP; 38.6 vs. 27.5mmHg, p Conclusion In patients who receive a heart transplant, PH resolves regardless of pre-transplant inotrope selection. The study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size. Future investigation is warranted.
The effect of consistency in book-tax differences on analysts’ earnings forecasts: Evidence from forecast accuracy and informativeness

Abstract This study examines the relationship between the consistency of book-tax differences and the quality of analysts’ earnings forecasts. We find that the consistency of book-tax differences is associated with more accurate and informative forecasts. This suggests that the information embedded in the consistency of book-tax differences plays an important role in elevating the quality of analysts’ forecasts. Furthermore, the effect of consistency in book-tax differences on analyst forecast quality is greater for firms with noisier information environment. Finally, we find that the relation between consistency in book-tax differences and improvements in forecast accuracy and informativeness is stronger after the implementation of Regulation Fair Disclosure, which increased the role of public information in analysts’ forecasts.
Stimulation Mapping Using Stereoelectroencephalography: Current and Future Directions

Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an essential component in the workup of surgical epilepsy. Since the initial application of ESM in the mid-1960s, it remains unparalleled in defining eloquent brain areas and delimiting seizure foci for the purposes of surgical planning. Here, we briefly review the current state of SEEG stimulation, with a focus on the techniques used for identifying the epileptogenic zone and eloquent cortex. We also summarize clinical data on the efficacy of SEEG stimulation in surgical outcomes and functional mapping. Finally, we briefly highlight future applications of SEEG ESM, including novel functional mapping approaches, identifying rare seizure semiologies, neurophysiologic investigations for understanding cognitive function, and its role in SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermal coagulation.
Effects of continuous nursing on the quality of life and disease control in children with asthma

Objective To explore the effects of continuous nursing on the quality of life and disease control in children with bronchial asthma. Methods 77 participants were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=39) and the control group (n=38). Based on the conventional nursing mode, the intervention group received additional continuous nursing after discharging from the hospital. The related nursing knowledge of the participants and their parents, children′s quality of life and their asthma control level were evaluated according to the continuing nursing assessment scale (CTM), childhood asthma control test (C.ACT) and pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ) before the intervention and after six months of discharge. Results After six months of discharge, the scores of the nursing knowledge, quality of life and asthma control level of the participants in the intervention group significantly improved compared to the scores for the control group (P<0.01). The average scores for the nursing knowledge of the patients and their parents increased from (51.92±3.3) to (71.10±2.026) after six months of discharge (t=4.731, P<0.001). The scores for each dimension of the patients′ quality of life in the intervention group were (6.48±0.49), (6.13±0.68), (6.23±0.52), which were higher than the scores of (6.07±0.78), (5.77±0.67), (5.93±0.60) in the control group (t=2.816, 2.352, 2.320; P<0.05). The asthma control rate was 94.9% for the intervention group, which was higher than the rate of 68.4% for the control group and the total rates of the asthma control also had significant differences between two groups (χ2=9.052, P<0.05). Conclusions The continuous nursing mode is an effective method of discharge management that can significantly improve patients′ knowledge and awareness of asthma, as well as their quality of life and asthma control level. Key words: Asthma; Continuous nursing; Quality of life; Disease control
Central-most Visual Field Defects in Early Glaucoma.

PRCIS This study demonstrates the substantial association between visual field (VF) defect within the central-most 4 points in 24-2 VF and the VF defect exhibited by 10-2 test pattern relative to the initial defect in 24-2 VF. PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of central-most visual field defects (CMVFDs) in 24-2 VF in early glaucoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined 29 eyes of 28 glaucoma patients with CMVFDs. CMVFD was defined as a glaucomatous defect with at least 1 abnormal point at P<1% within the central 5 degrees on 3 consecutive 24-2 VF tests. 10-2 VFs were categorized into 3 groups by severity of pattern defects: deep arcuate, partial arcuate, and minimal defect. The deep arcuate group was interpreted as the most severe defect on the 10-2 VF. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the perimetric parameters differences between 24-2 VFs with CMVFD and 10-2 VFs related to the initial defect. RESULTS CMVFD was observed in 82% eyes, predominantly in the superior hemifield (86%). Arcuate-like defects (72%) on the 10-2 VF were mostly in superior hemifield (82%). The deep arcuate group showed significantly worse mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), (MD= -9.1±4, PSD =10.7±2.1 dB), than partial arcuate and minimal defect groups (all P<0.001). Eyes with deep arcuate defect had severely depressed defect depth (-26 to -35 dB) and low sensitivity (<0 to 10 dB) at abnormal points in the central 5 degrees in 24-2 VF. A significant difference among deep arcuate, partial arcuate (P<0.001), and minimal defect groups (P<0.001) was observed at abnormal points' threshold sensitivity and defect depth. CONCLUSIONS Given the significance and effect of perimetric factors at abnormal test points in the central 5 degrees of 24-2 VFs, these eyes deserve attention to determine the severity of and functional impact on the CMVFD in early glaucoma by performing 10-2 test.
Does Meeting Earnings Expectations Matter? Evidence from Analyst Forecast Revisions and Share Prices

This paper investigates whether the market rewards firms meeting current period earnings expectations, and whether any such reward reflects the implications of meeting expectations in the current period for future earnings or reflects a distinct market premium. We document that abnormal annual returns are significantly greater for firms meeting expectations, controlling for the information in the current year’s earnings. We then test whether firms meeting expectations experience higher returns simply because their expected future earnings are also higher. We find firms meeting expectations have significantly higher earnings forecasts and realized earnings than firms that do not. We find that controlling for these higher future earnings, firms meeting expectations in one or two years do not receive a greater valuation than their fundamentals would suggest. We find, however, that the market assigns a higher value to firms that meet expectations consistently, controlling for an estimate of the firm’s fundamental value.
Microvascular Decompression Technique for Trigeminal Neuralgia Using a Vascular Clip.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery is a well-established, effective treatment option for trigeminal neuralgia 1 and hemifacial spasm. 2 In 1967, Janetta et al 3 introduced the concept of MVD surgery and pioneered the Janetta technique in which Teflon felt implants are placed between the trigeminal nerve and offending vessel. Though many cases are successfully managed with Teflon interposition, alternative techniques have been developed with the objective to alleviate vascular compression symptoms indefinitely, including transposition using biological glue, 4 vascular clips, 5 , 6 and a variety of “sling” techniques. 7 In Video 1 , we demonstrate a fenestrated clip transposition technique in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. We present the case of a 72-year-old female who presented with classic trigeminal neuralgia pain along the V2 and V3 distributions. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed evident compression of the trigeminal nerve by the superior cerebellar artery (SCA). A retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed, and the vascular loop of the SCA was visualized compressing the root entry zone with significant indentation of the trigeminal nerve. Wide arachnoid dissection along the SCA was carried out in order to mobilize the SCA away from the nerve. A small slit was created in the undersurface of the tentorium, and then the SCA loop was transposed to the tentorium using a fenestrated aneurysm clip. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient had complete resolution of her facial pain at 6-month follow-up. This method is likely an effective and durable method of decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.
‘His belly dancer’: young women’s interactional negotiation of sexual bodies and desire at a Baptist university

While spirituality and sexuality are often dichotomised as oppositional, they are in fact socially constructed in complex ways in everyday practice. This article investigates the ways in which a group of young women at a Baptist university in Texas interactionally negotiate the cultural construct of a ‘belly dancer’ and its perceived sexualised associations in relation to the moral codes and principles of their religious community of practice. The analysis examines the ways in which the participants take both positive and negative stances toward belly dancing through strategic ambiguity, which is the process whereby participants juxtapose seemingly incongruous elements in order to try out different identities and ideologies while maintaining a certain degree of deniability. In the four examples I analyse, I show how the participants achieve strategic ambiguity through the use of categorisation devices, interactional framing, hyperbolic parallelism, and stance alternation. Given that the participants’ Christian community of practice promotes – and to a certain extent requires – sexual integrity and modesty from its members, strategic ambiguity is a valuable interactional resource for negotiating the taboo topic of belly dancing and its perceived sexual associations.
Liquid Chromatography of Carbamate Pesticides

A commercial liquid chromatograph was evaluated and found useful for analysis of carbamate pesticides. Liquid chromatography retention times for 23 carbamate pesticides are given. The ultraviolet detector required 20 to 1500 ng for the pesticides studied to give a 25 percent full-scale recorder response.
A Response to the Brill Analysis for Proper Data Exclusivity Periods for Innovator Biologics

In this note we critique the Brill analysis for proper data exclusivity periods for innovator biologics.
Biliary excretion of lead in rats, rabbits, and dogs.

Abstract The disappearance of 210 Pb from the blood and plasma of rats and its excretion into bile was measured for 2 hr after the iv administration of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10 mg/kg of inorganic lead. The maximal rate of excretion of lead into the bile was approximately 1.0 μg/min/kg after the 3 higher doses. The concentration of lead in the bile was found to be 40–100 times that in the plasma for the 3 lower doses. This was due largely to the higher concentration of lead in the liver than in the plasma (10- to 35-fold higher) and partially to the higher concentration in the bile than in the liver (3- to 4-fold higher). Essentially none of the lead in the bile, plasma, and liver was dialyzable. Lead exhibited a 5-fold greater affinity for liver than bile and a 3-fold greater affinity for liver than plasma. The mitochondrial fraction contained the highest concentration of lead. Changing the rectal temperature of rats altered the biliary excretion of lead markedly; when the temperature was increased from 30 to 40°C, the biliary excretion of lead increased 20-fold. Marked species differences in the biliary excretion of lead were observed. Rabbits excreted lead into the bile at a rate less than one-half, and dogs excreted lead at a rate less than one-fiftieth, that observed in the rat. The results indicate that lead is excreted into the bile of rats against an apparent concentration gradient and that an apparent transport maximum exists. This suggests that the liver may have an active transport mechanism for the excretion of metals.
Increased uptake of thymidine in the activation of sea urchin eggs.

Abstract The uptake of thymidine in sea urchin eggs is considered in terms of its specificity, the cortical reaction, and the increase of intracellular pH following fertilization. The rate of uptake increases greater than 50-fold after fertilization. All deoxyribonucleosides and ribonucleosides tested compete with thymidine for transport sites. Free pyrimidine and purine bases, deoxyribonucleotides, and amino acids do not compete, showing that the specificity of this uptake lies at the nucleoside level. Uptake may be turned on in unfertilized eggs by treatment with ammonia, a treatment known to by-pass the cortical reaction and raise intracellular pH. However, when compared with uptake in fertilized eggs, it proceeds later and at a lower rate. Both of these deficiencies are overcome by fertilizing the ammonia-treated eggs or treating them with butyric acid or ionophore A23187. These treatments induce the cortical reaction and stimulate an immediate and complete turn-on of thymidine uptake. Superseding these apparent involvements of the cortical reaction and mtracellular pH in thymidine uptake is an extremely strict requirement for extracellular Na + .
Three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasound of the esophagus. Preliminary experience.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a technique for three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasound of the esophagus based on standard ultrasonic images.
Three Quarter Plackett-Burman Designs for Estimating All Main Effects and Two-Factor Interactions

Plackett-Burman designs and three quarter fractional factorial designs are both well established in the statistical literature yet have never been combined and studied. Plackett-Burman designs are often nonregular and are thus subject to complex aliasing. However, Plackett-Burman designs have the advantage of run-size efficiency (over the usual 2 factorials) and taking three quarters of a Plackett-Burman design further improves this benefit. By considering projections of these designs, we constructed a catalog of designs of resolution V and ranked by D-efficiency. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and family, new and old. For my parents, Bolt, Beau, Roy a.k.a. Re a.k.a. Tha Royal Bandit and everyone in QA who changed my entire perspective for the better.
Thermodynamic Origins of Monovalent Facilitated RNA Folding

Cations have long been associated with formation of native RNA structure and are commonly thought to stabilize the formation of tertiary contacts by favorably interacting with the electrostatic potential of the RNA, giving rise to an “ion atmosphere”. A significant amount of information regarding the thermodynamics of structural transitions in the presence of an ion atmosphere has accumulated and suggests stabilization is dominated by entropic terms. This work provides an analysis of how RNA–cation interactions affect the entropy and enthalpy associated with an RNA tertiary transition. Specifically, temperature-dependent single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies have been exploited to determine the free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) of folding for an isolated tetraloop–receptor tertiary interaction as a function of Na+ concentration. Somewhat unexpectedly, increasing the Na+ concentration changes the folding enthalpy from a strongly exothermic process [e.g., ΔH° = −2...
“Strangers” of the Academy: Asian Women Scholars in Higher Education

(2008). “Strangers” of the Academy: Asian Women Scholars in Higher Education. NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 241-243.
Behavioral dimensions of implementing massive change in police departments

Abstract This article surveys the patterns of behavior found in large and medium sized police departments undertaking relatively large-scale change experiences. Based on review and analysis of program modifications during the past 5 yr, the article moves from a formal and traditional model for programming change to an analysis of administrative and employee activities throughout the change process. The model proposed for understanding change activity utilizes two basic components: (1) analysis processes and (2) control processes. Each of these components is subdivided into major forms of behavior found in a variety of police department program development efforts. The article concludes with a series of personnel considerations that should be recognized by departments undertaking massive change activity.
CP-93,129, a potent and selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation within rat but not guinea-pig dura mater.

Pretreatment with CP-93,129 blocked plasma extravasation in rat dura mater induced by electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation when administered at greater than or equal to 140 nmol kg-1, i.v. but did not affect plasma leakage in guinea-pig at 460 or 1400 nmol kg-1. Sumatriptan, a 5-HT1D-like receptor agonist, blocked plasma extravasation in the guinea-pig model when administered at 7 nmol kg-1. In as much as CP-93,129 binds with micromolar affinities to 5-HT1A, 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT2 recognition sites, and with nanomolar affinity to the 5-HT1B receptor subtype, blockade of plasma extravasation in the rat dura mater may be mediated by 5-HT1B receptors whereas the 5-HT1D receptor may be more relevant to the guinea-pig.
A Proposed Method For The Analysis Of Dermatoglyphic Patterns

Dermatoglyphic patterns refer to the configurations formed by dermal ridges on the fingers, palms, toes, and soles. There is a recognized relationship between the dermato-glyphic patterns and certain developmental defects in individuals. Previous methods of dermal pattern analysis are rather subjective and tedious to perform. This paper proposes a hybrid optical-digital system for the quantitative analysis of the dermal patterns. The proposed system extracts dermatoglyphic features through the medium of an optical Fourier transform and a solid-state photodiode array. Preliminary classification results for a group of 11 individuals exhibiting Trisomy-21 (Down's Syndrome) and 10 individuals selected from a normal control group are given.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
PROPERTIES OF HEMOCYANINS. I. THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM IONS ON THE OXYGEN EQUILIBRIUM OF CRAYFISH HEMOCYANIN.

Abstract 1. 1. The oxygen affinity of hemocyanin from the crayfish, Procambarus simulans , is greatly decreased by dialysis between pH 6·5 and 8·0. This effect is largely reversed by 10 mM calcium or by 60 mM magnesium. 2. 2. The data do not conform to Hill's equation, since the value of n increases with degree of oxygenation and is a function both of the calcium concentration and of pH. At low degrees of oxygenation n ≅1·5 and is independent of pH or calcium, while at high oxygenation levels n increases with either pH or calcium. 3. 3. The importance of calcium in controlling the degree of dissociation of hemocyanin into subunits is known. Since the calcium concentration in crayfish blood changes during the molting cycle, it seems possible that calcium may play a role in modifying the oxygen transport function of hemocyanin by changing the degree of aggregation.
“Why Did I Get a ‘D’?” The Effects of Social Comparisons on Women’s Attributions to Discrimination

When do women blame their failure on discrimination? This question was addressed in two experiments by examining the effects of social comparisons on women’s attributions for a failing test grade. The results suggest that women are most likely to make an attribution to discrimination when they compare themselves to another woman who received a failing grade and a man who received a better grade from the same male judge. However, these effects only emerge when women are made aware of the possibility that the male judge might be biased against them. The implications of these findings are discussed and future research directions are considered.
Effects of bacterial kidney disease on saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Abstract In March 1998, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess the effect of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) on the saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha . Experiments were done in 757-l tanks in which a vertical salinity gradient was established. Fish with external signs of BKD were designated as sick and those without external signs of disease served as controls. Two hours after saltwater introduction, 85±17.6% (S.D.) of controls held in salt water, compared to 31±20.0% of sick fish. There was a significant negative relationship between mean infection level (quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) and saltwater preference. Such behavior may increase the risk of avian predation for chinook salmon outmigrating through the estuary.
Three-Dimensional Mapping Nuclear Export of Single mRNAs with Exceptional Spatiotemporal Accuracy

In eukaryotic cells, the flow of genetic information is regulated by selective nucleocytoplasmic transport of individual messenger RNA:protein complexes (mRNPs) through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Each NPC, ∼200 nm in length and ∼50 nm in inner diameter, is a large assembly of multiple copies of ∼30 nucleoporins. However, the nuclear export kinetics, three-dimensional (3D) pathway and selectivity step of mRNPs transiting an individual NPCs remain poorly understood. Here we employ single-molecule fluorescence microscopy with an unprecedented spatiotemporal super-accuracy of 8 nm and 2 ms to characterize nuclear mRNP export in living cells. We find that, mRNPs exiting the nucleus are decelerated and selected at the narrowest region of the NPC, and adopt a fast-slow-fast diffusion pattern as they translocate through the NPC. 3D mapping translocation pathway for mRNPs further indicates only one third of all mRNAs successfully transits during their ∼12-ms interaction with the NPC, primarily follow the periphery on the nucleoplasmic side and in the center of the NPC without occupying central axial conduit utilized for passive diffusion of small molecules, and eventually dissociating from the cytoplasmic side.
Spirituality and business: one scholar’s perspective

In this essay a senior scholar reflects on the evolution of spirituality as a subject within management studies. The author traces the development of scholarly interest in the Academy of Management. He suggests areas of increasing understanding and aspects in need of further development. He offers encouragement but also admonishes caution for scholars who wish to address the tender interface of spirituality and leadership.
Analysis of heat transfer factors for a heat pipe absorber array connected to a common manifold

Etude des effets de l'incorporation d'une rangee d'absorbeurs caloducs dans un collecteur solaire. Methodes analytiques pour l'obtention des facteurs de transfert de chaleur et du rendement thermique du collecteur
Ending the perpetuation of sex‐role stereotypes in our schools: A possible consequence of psychological androgyny

Research has shown that both historically and currently there has been sex-differentiated staffing in American public schools, with a disproportionate number of female teachers at the elementary level. Concern long has been expressed regarding the impact this might have on the sex-role development of American children and the perpetuation of stereotypic staffing patterns. This article supports the hypothesis that psychologically androgynous individuals might be more likely than masculine or feminine individuals to base teaching level choice upon individual preference without regard for its stereotype as more appropriate for one sex than the other. Data collected from preservice teachers at Washington State University support this hypothesis. It was found that while feminine females were more apt to choose the elementary teaching level, masculine males were more apt to choose secondary teaching. In comparison, androgynous preservice teachers of both sexes were as likely to choose the elementary as secondary teaching level.
Perceptual organization as nested control

It is argued here that perceptual organization is the structuring of environmental stimuli into nested structures of control. This view is derived from our proposal that the perceptual system forces any stimulus set to have the algebraic structure G of a machine, and that G is given a specific factorization sequence, G=G 1 ·G 2 · ... ·G n , induced by dynamical systems criteria which the organism imposes on the environment. An investigation into these factorization sequences reveals that any such sequence is split into two subsequences, one structuring the way in which the stimulus set can change under external action, and the other describing the way in which the set is perceived as internally generated. An examination of the nested control structure of the latter yields a theory of grouping. The external and internal sequences are shown to be strongly related to each other in that the symmetry axes of the internal sequence are eigenspaces of the most stable subgroup factors of the external sequence. It is claimed that cartesian reference frames are subsequences of the full sequences. Using these principles, a unified theory is offered of several apparently quite separate perceptual areas; e.g. Marr-Nishihara shape perception, gestalt grouping, the orientation-and-form problem, and motion perception. The final claim is that planning hierarchies have the same dynamically-structured algebraic sequences and therefore that the study of perceptual organization should, in a very deep sense, be formally equivalent to the study of planning.
The Orbital Period of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source in M82

The ultraluminous x-ray source (ULX) in the galaxy M82 has been identified as a possible intermediate-mass black hole formed in stellar collisions in the super star cluster MGG 11. The x-ray flux from M82 is modulated, with a peak-to-peak amplitude corresponding to an isotropic luminosity of 2.4 _ 1040 erg s-1 in M82 and a period of 62.0 +/- 2.5 days, which we interpret as the orbital period of the ULX binary. This orbital period implies that the mass-donor star must be a giant or supergiant. Large mass-transfer rates, sufficient to fuel the ULX, are expected for a giant-phase mass donor in an x-ray binary. The giant phase has a short lifetime, indicating that we see the ULX in M82 in a brief and unusual period of its evolution.
The emissions of carbon from deforestation and degradation in the tropics: past trends and future potential

Land use in the tropics, including both deforestation and forest degradation, is estimated to have emitted approximately 1.4 PgC yr-1 to the atmosphere over the interval 1990–2010 (∼15% of anthropogenic carbon emissions). This net emission is composed of gross emissions of at least 2.6 PgC yr-1 and gross sinks of 1.2 PgC yr-1 in forests recovering from wood harvest and in the fallows of shifting cultivation. In contrast to recent management of tropical forests, future management in the region could be used to stabilize the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, at least temporarily, with the following three measures: a halt to deforestation and forest degradation, protection of regrowing forests, and the re-establishment of forests on lands not intensively used now that were forests in the past. Together, these three measures have the potential to reduce emissions of carbon and increase uptake by as much as 3–5 PgC yr-1.
Development of acoustic sniper localization methods and models

A novel examination of a method capable of providing situational awareness of sniper fire from small arms fire is presented. Situational Awareness (SA) information is extracted by exploiting two distinct sounds created by small arms discharge: the muzzle blast (created when the bullet leaves the barrel of the gun) and the shockwave (sound created by a supersonic bullet). The direction of arrival associated with the muzzle blast will always point in the direction of the shooter. Range can be estimated from the muzzle blast alone, however at greater distances geometric dilution of precision will make obtaining accurate range estimates difficult. To address this issue, additional information obtained from the shockwave is utilized in order to estimate range to shooter. The focus of the paper is the development of a shockwave propagation model, the development of ballistics models (based off empirical measurements), and the subsequent application towards methods of determining shooter position. Knowledge of the rounds ballistics is required to estimate range to shooter. Many existing methods rely on extracting information from the shockwave in an attempt to identify the round type and thus the ballistic model to use ([1]). It has been our experience that this information becomes unreliable at greater distances or in high noise environments. Our method differs from existing solutions in that classification of the round type is not required, thus making the proposed solution more robust. Additionally, we demonstrate that sufficient accuracy can be achieved without the need to classify the round.
Predicted intensity of gamma rays from photonium

We have shown in a previous paper that stable electron-positron resonances (“photonium”) can account for the dark matter in the universe. In this paper we show that photonium in the galaxy will be dissociated by cosmic rays. We predict the intensity of the resulting 511 keV gamma rays as a test of the model. We find that the predictions exceed observations from the galactic center for model where the photonium has a similar distribution to the baryons. The predicted intensity is consistent with observations if the photonium is distributed in a large halo.
Optimal size for perceiving motion decreases with contrast

Visual patterns have widely varying contrasts and elicit local signals of varying reliability, ranging from noisy to relatively noise-free. One way to deal efficiently with the variable visual input is to employ flexible neural mechanisms that adapt to changing conditions. We investigated whether the spatial properties of motion mechanisms change with stimulus contrast and found that the optimal size for perceiving motion decreases with increasing contrast. These data were well-described by a model in which spatial summation increases with decreasing contrast.
Loss of short term memory as a predictor of the alcoholic "blackout".

MEMORY loss caused by alcohol is a common occurrence. Most alcoholics report “blackouts” (amnesia) in connexion with drinking, and many nonalcoholics sometimes have trouble remembering events that occurred while they were intoxicated1. The cause of this is unknown. Some psychiatrists believe blackouts to be a functional disturbance, related to guilt or anxiety. Others believe they reflect a toxic effect of alcohol on the brain. There are few data to support either concept. Blackouts usually occur erratically; comparable amounts of alcohol do not always produce memory loss, and it has not been possible to predict when an intoxicated person will suffer amnesia. During the amnesic interval, the person may function reasonably well and perform complicated acts, suggesting that the amnesia is retrograde2. To confirm this, however, memory must be observed systematically during drinking periods followed by amnesia, which heretofore has not been done.
Effect of tunicamycin on receptors for tumor promoters.

A progressive decline in the specific binding of [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) and glycoprotein synthesis was observed following treatment of primary mouse epidermal cells with tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of dolichol-mediated glycosylation. Following 18 h of treatment, the specific binding of [3H]PDBu was reduced to 33–56% of the control value. The total protein synthesis determined by leucine incorporation into acid-insoluble material was not altered by this antibiotic drug. These results suggest that the receptor for phorbol diesters is, or is functionally linked to, a glycoprotein on the cell surface.
Oxygen requirement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to effect return of spontaneous circulation

Abstract Background Recent scientific evidence has demonstrated the importance of good quality chest compressions without interruption to improve cardiac arrest resuscitation rates, and suggested that a de-emphasis on minute ventilation is needed. However, independent of ventilation, the role of oxygen and the optimal oxygen concentration during CPR is not known. Previous studies have shown that ventilation with high oxygen concentration after CPR is associated with worse neurologic outcome. We tested the hypothesis that initial ventilation during CPR without oxygen improves resuscitation success. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (IP), intubated and ventilated with room air. A KCl bolus (0.04mg/g) was given (IV) to induce asystolic cardiac arrest and ventilation was stopped. At 6min, CPR was started with an automated chest compressor at a rate of 200–240/min and epinephrine (0.01mg/kg) was given 1min later. During CPR, the ventilation rate was 50% of baseline with one of three oxygen concentrations: (1) 0% O 2 (100%N 2 ), (2) 21% O 2 , or (3) 100% O 2 . The prescribed oxygen concentration was continued for 2min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and then all animals were switched to 100% oxygen for 1h prior to extubation. Blood gases were measured at baseline, 2min and 1h after ROSC. Group comparisons were done using Fisher's exact test and ANOVA. Results ROSC was achieved in 1/10 (0% O 2 ), 9/11 (21% O 2 ) and 10/12 (100% O 2 , p 2 , 115±87s in the 21% O 2 group and 95±33s in the 100% O 2 group (mean±SD, p =0.5). Aortic end-diastolic pressure before ROSC was not different among groups. 100% oxygen ventilation in the first 2min resulted in higher PaO 2 at ROSC 2min (109±44mm Hg vs. 33±8mm Hg, p 2 ), 7/9 (21% O 2 ) and 8/10 (100% O 2 ) with a low neurologic deficit score in both O 2 groups (NDS range 5–25). Conclusions In a mild cardiac arrest model with generally good neurologic recovery, initial CPR ventilation with no O 2 did not allow for ROSC. In contrast, CPR coupled with room air or higher oxygen levels result in a high rate of ROSC with good neurologic recovery. During CPR, the level of oxygenation must be considered, which if too low may preclude initial ROSC.
Real‐Time Calibration of Radar Precipitation Estimates

One of the main concerns with precipitation measurements is that gage networks are almost always too sparse to provide an adequate spatial coverage of storm-scale precipitation. Gage measurements are representative only at the measurement site and are biased underestimates of the actual precipitation, mainly as a result of the effect of wind on the gage. Consequently, storm-scale, real-time assessments using only gage-measured precipitation are frequently inadequate. With the advent of the WSR-88D (formerly NEXRAD) weather radars, precipitation estimates at higher spatial resolutions (4 km by 4 km) are now available in real time. These radars use the reflectivity of S-band (10 cm) microwaves to provide an estimate of precipitation. Unfortunately, reflectivity is a function of the surface area of the raindrops and not their volume. As a result of this and other sources of error, radar precipitation estimates using fixed reflectivity-to-rainfall relationships are subject to substantial biases. To provide be...
A calendar savant with episodic memory impairments.

Patients with memory disorders have severely restricted learning and memory. For instance, patients with anterograde amnesia can learn motor procedures and retain some restricted ability to learn new words and factual information. However, such learning is inflexible and frequently inaccessible to conscious awareness. Here we present a case of patient AC596, a 25-year-old male with severe episodic memory impairments, presumably due to anoxia during a preterm birth. In contrast to his poor episodic memory, he exhibits savant-like memory for calendar information that can be flexibly accessed by day, month, and year cues. He also has the ability to recollect the exact date of a wide range of personal experiences over the past 20 years. The patient appears to supplement his generally poor episodic memory by using memorized calendar information as a retrieval cue for autobiographical events. These findings indicate that islands of preserved memory functioning, such as a highly developed semantic memory system,...
Electrophysiological properties of lateral reticular nucleus cells: II. Synaptic activation

Intracellular potentials of lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) cells of the cat were recorded following stimulation of the spinal cord (SP), red nucleus (RN), cerebral peduncle (CP), nucleus interpositus (IP) and nucleus fastigius (Fg). Single shock stimulation of all of the above sites induced monosynaptic and polysynaptic EPSPs in the LRN cells. Disynaptic and polysynaptic IPSPs were also observed especially following Sp stimulation. Both Sp induced EPSPs and IPSPS could be reversed by intracellular current injection indicating that they are generated at or near the soma of the LRN cell. Collision experiments between Sp and IP induced EPSPs, and IP-Fg induced EPSPs showed that independent excitatory pathways exist from the Sp and the deep cerebellar nuclei to the LRN. Collision experiments between RN and IP induced EPSPs and their respective time courses showed that disynaptically IP induced EPSPs in LRN cells are mediated through the red nucleus. Findings indicate the existence of 1. a multiple convergence of spinal, suprasegmental and cerebellar synaptic inputs to the LRN and 2. direct (LRN-IP-LRN) or indirect (LRN-IP-RN-LRN) excitatory feed back loops between the cerebellar nuclei and this precerebellar nucleus.
Electrometric titration of alkaline ferricyanide with hydrazine sulfate and arsenic (III)

Potentiometric titrations of potassium ferricyanide with hydrazine sulfate and arsenic(III) are shown to be feasible at room temperature (25–30° C) and in an optimum alkali concentration of about 2 N when carried out in the initial presence of a few drops of osmic acid as catalyst. The method which is simple, rapid and accurate can be used in the estimation of hydrazine, arsenic(III) or ferricyanide.
UV-Excited Resonance Raman Spectra of Heat Denatured Lysozyme and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Our group has reported resonance Raman microprobe studies of chromobacteria in water which demonstrate that spectra can be obtained from single bacterial cells and from mixed cultures without need for prior separation. Thus, the potential of resonance Raman spectroscopy for sensitive bacterial analysis has been demonstrated.
A Shot at Half-Exposure: Asian Americans in Reality TV Shows:

While reality TV programs open up a space for greater representation of racialized minorities, they also adhere to, and authenticate, racialized narraand stereotypes by embodying them in the charac...
Surface drifter exchange between the North Atlantic subtropical and subpolar gyres

[1] Surface drifters deployed in the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic from 1990 to 2002 show almost no connection between the subtropical and subpolar gyres; only one drifter crosses the intergyre boundary even though other data types (e.g., dynamic topography and tracers) suggest a major connection. Two of several possible causes for the lack of intergyre connectivity in this two-dimensional data set are examined: (1) undersampling and short drifter lifetime leading to underestimation of the northward flow, and (2) the southward mean Ekman velocity. Advection of a large number of long-lived synthetic drifters through the observed mean velocity results in a 5% increase in cross-gyre flux compared with that for synthetic drifters with realistic lifetimes. By further advecting synthetic drifters through the observed mean velocity field with and without the Ekman component, estimated from the wind field associated with the actual drifters, it is shown that removal of the Ekman component further increases the intergyre flux by up to 6%. With a turbulent component added to the mean velocity field to simulate the eddy field, there is a further increase in connection by 5%. Thus the Ekman and eddy contributions to the drifter trajectories nearly cancel each other. Consideration of three-dimensional processes (subduction and obduction) is reserved for complete modeling studies.
Do Personality Traits Conform to Lists or Hierarchies

Abstract Are personality traits mostly related to one another in hierarchical fashion, or as a simple list? Does extracting an additional personality factor in a factor analysis tend to subdivide an existing factor, or does it just add a new one? Goldberg’s “bass-ackwards” method was used to address this question, based on rotations of 1–12 factors. Two sets of data were employed: ratings by 320 undergraduates using 435 personality-descriptive adjectives, and 512 Oregon community members’ responses to 184 scales from 8 personality inventories. In both, the view was supported that personality trait structure tends not to be strongly hierarchical: allowing an additional dimension usually resulted in a new substantive dimension rather than in the splitting of an old one, and once traits emerged they tended to persist.
Experiences of Latino Children Attending Rural Elementary Schools in the Southeastern U.S.: Perspectives from Latino Parents in Burgeoning Latino Communities.

A qualitative study, using focus groups of Latino parents living in a rural Southeastern U.S. community, was conducted to explore the experiences of elementary-school-aged Latino children. Using the consensual qualitative research method to analyze participants' responses, this study identified four general themes that impact Latino children in these communities: (a) school/teacher characteristics and resources, (b) academic experiences in U.S. schools, (c) family and cultural traits, and (d) personal/social/economic factors. Implications for school counselors are detailed.
The link between national security and biometrics

National security today requires identification of people, things and activities. Biometrics plays an important role in the identification of people, and indirectly, in the identification of things and activities. Therefore, the development of technology and systems that provide faster and more accurate biometric identification is critical to the defense of our country. In addition, the development of a broad range of biometrics is necessary to provide the range of options needed to address flexible and adaptive adversaries. This paper will discuss the importance of a number of critical areas in the development of an environment to support biometrics, including research and development, biometric education, standards, pilot projects, and privacy assurance.
Genetic CLC-1 chloride channel deficiency modifies diaphragm muscle isometric contractile properties.

Abstract Genetic deficiency of the muscle chloride channel CLC-1 leads to myotonia congenita in humans as well as myotonia in mice and goats. The hallmark of myotonia is delayed muscle relaxation due to persistent electrical discharges in the muscle. The present study tested the hypothesis that performance of CLC-1 deficient diaphragm muscle is also altered during the contractile phase of the contraction–relaxation cycle. Diaphragm of CLC-1 deficient and wild type mice underwent in vitro isometric contractility testing. Myotonia was easily demonstrable during contractions elicited by train stimulation, but was not seen during twitch stimulation or during train stimulation preceded by a series of twitch stimulations. Twitch force was reduced from 16.7 ± 2.5 N/cm2 in normal muscle to 7.2 ± 1.9 N/cm2 in CLC-1 deficient muscle (P