cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Novel Mitofusin 2 Knock-In Mouse Model (P05.061)

OBJECTIVE: To create a functional mouse model in order to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) using both molecular and behavioral approaches. BACKGROUND: CMT comprises a group of heterogeneous peripheral axonopathies affecting 1 in 2,500 individuals. While mutations in several genes cause axonal degeneration in CMT, mitofusin 2 (MFN2) variants account for 91% of the most severe cases of the disease; making it the single most important cause of inherited peripheral axonal degeneration. MFN2 is an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein that plays a major role in mitochondrial fusion and motility, however, the mechanism by which dominant mutations in this protein lead to neurodegeneration is still unknown. DESIGN/METHODS: We have generated a MFN2 knock-in mouse strain containing the R94W mutation originally identified in several CMT families. We have performed behavioral, morphological, cell biological, and biochemical studies to characterize the consequences of this mutation. RESULTS: In mice, homozygous inheritance of this mutation leads to a 10% decrease in birth weight (p 20% decrease in distance traveled and a >30% decrease in vertical movement (p CONCLUSIONS: Although the behavioral heterozygote phenotype is mild, it mimics the human phenotype, with late onset movement deficits, which we are currently trying to enhance using the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine, known to trigger the disease in otherwise asymptomatic patients. Our results thusfar indicate both behavioral and molecular mitochondrial abnormalities, including DNA, ATP, and fusion deficiencies, in MFN2-R94W mice. This model could become a useful tool in future preclinical trials. Supported by: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Association and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) grants to S.Z.: 5U54NS065712, 5R01NS052767. Disclosure: Dr. Strickland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rebelo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Price has nothing to disclose. Dr. Silva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bolon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zuchner has received (royalty or license fee or contractual rights) payments from Athena Diagnostics.
Textbook alternatives: Less expensive for students with possibilities for greatly enhanced pedagogy

Given recent online advances, the Saint Xavier University Library felt it was time to address long-standing concerns with textbook use, particularly issues of both cost and effectiveness. This article describes some recent library integration and enhancement efforts in collaboration with various campus offices that address such textbook concerns. Our grant-funded initiative will demonstrate possibilities for 1) significant reductions in student costs, 2) the creation of more interesting assignments, and 3) measurable methods to document materials use, student learning, and revisions to teaching methods after iterative querying of student comprehension.
Cell membrane stabilization prevents the natural IgM-mediated complement response to hypoxia in human coronary artery endothelial cell (INC1P.359)

Hypoxia occurs in many clinical conditions, including ischemic diseases (e.g. heart attack, cerebral stroke and pulmonary hypertension), surgery (e.g. organ transplantation) and trauma. The goals of this study were to determine whether natural IgM-mediated complement activation occurs during hypoxia of human tissue prior to reoxygenation and whether pre-incubation with the sugar trehalose, a membrane stabilizer, can prevent hypoxia-related injury. Primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) were used in two in vitro hypoxia models. Subjection of hCAECs to hypoxia, without subsequent reoxygenation, was found to produce IgM deposition and C3 activation and deposition. Trehalose blocked these effects, indicating that cell membrane instability due to hypoxia is upstream of natural IgM-mediated complement activation. The results indicate that trehalose has potential as a therapeutic intervention in hypoxia-related tissue injury.
Vitamin D Screening and Supplementation in Primary Care: Time to Curb Our Enthusiasm.

Evidence for vitamin D screening and supplementation in adults shows that these commonplace practices have virtually no established health benefits.
On Metric Boundedness Structures

Many years ago, S.-T. Hu gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of subsets of a metrizable space X to be the family of bounded sets for some admissible metric for the space. In this article, we show that in any noncompact metrizable space there are uncountably many distinct metric boundedness structures. Also, given an initial metric d for X, we look carefully at the problem of characterizing those boundedness structures determined by metrics uniformly equivalent to d. Applications to hyperspaces are given. Throughout, we rely on a dual approach to the study of metric boundedness.
The correction machine: formulating explanations for user misconceptions

Novice computer users have many incorrect beliefs about the commands on their system. This paper considers the problem of providing explanatory responses that correct these mistaken user beliefs. Current approaches correct mistaken beliefs by trying to infer the reasons why the user holds them. In contrast, our advisor corrects these beliefs simply by explaining why he doesn't share them. This allows the advisor to provide reasonable advice even when no robust user model is available. Our advisor constructs this explanation from scratch, using a set of domain-independent strategies for justifying plan-oriented beliefs. This differs from existing systems, such as explanationbased story understanders, that provide explanations by modifying existing explanations and fail to address the underlying problem of forming the initial explanation. This approach gives our advisor the ability to explain novel misconceptions.
Local Wound Treatment in Pressure Ulcer Management

The specific treatment goals for a pressure ulcer involve a variety of modalities aimed at improving the local wound environment and promoting healing. A key component in pressure ulcer healing is maintaining a moist wound environment. Moisture occlusive dressings can be divided into broad categories of polymer films, polymer foams, hydrogels, hydrocolloids, alginates, and biomembranes. Advanced wound dressings are demonstrably more effective than traditional gauze dressings. Head-to-head comparison of various advanced dressings has not demonstrated any single superior product. Therefore, most local ulcer treatments should be chosen on the basis of specific wound characteristics, ease of use, and cost. Because of slow healing, a number of adjunctive modalities have been tried in the management of pressure ulcers. Few high-quality trials are available, but most trials have not produced remarkable benefits. Wound debridement is necessary for clinically infected wounds, but the usefulness of serial debridement is disputable. Surgical closure of a pressure ulcer depends on patient age and comorbid conditions, but in general has shown a high recurrence rate.
Soliton interactions and degenerate soliton complexes for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero background

We characterize soliton interactions in focusing media described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the presenze of a nonzero background field, including the cases of bound states (degenerate soliton trains) and interactions between solitons and Akhmediev breathers. We first characterize bound states, which, as in the case of zero background, are obtained when several solitons travel with the same velocity. We then turn to the case when the soliton velocities are distinct, and we compute the long-time asymptotic behavior of soliton interactions by calculating the position shift for each soliton as $t\rightarrow\pm\infty$ . We also identify conditions that give rise to large position shifts. Moreover, we characterize the asymptotic phase of the nonzero background in each sector of the xt -plane that is separated by individual solitons or breathers, and we show that the asymptotic phase can be easily determined from whether the region is on the left or on the right of a soliton or an Akhmediev breather.
Racial disparities and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND This study used a meta-analysis to quantify the degree to which the racial disparity in overall survival for black versus white Americans with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) persists after adjusting for human papillomavirus (HPV) status. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHLA were searched through November 2017. The PRISMA statement was followed. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Five studies met the inclusion criteria and had suitable data for pooling into the meta-analysis (N = 1153). The pooled HR for overall survival in black versus white Americans with OPSCC after adjusting for HPV status was calculated to be 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-2.40). CONCLUSIONS The difference in survival for black versus white Americans with OPSCC is not significant after adjusting for HPV status but still trends in the direction of a disparity. Additional studies are needed to better characterize this disparity.
The Investment Company Act's Definition of

This article addresses a fundamental issue under the Investment Company Act, the federal statute governing mutual funds and other investment companies: the scope of the Act's definition of "security." Currently the SEC construes the definition as encompassing commercial instruments (such as commercial notes, bank instruments, and derivatives structured as notes), even though the similarly-worded definition of "security" in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is construed as excluding such instruments. Although the SEC's construction is seemingly counter-intuitive (i.e., the same words are construed differently in related statutes), it is also of fundamental importance in terms of the ability of the SEC to regulate money market funds and other pooled investment vehicles that hold significant portfolios of commercial instruments. Another law review article recently argued that the SEC has abused its discretion in the way that it construes the term for purposes of the Investment Company Act and that, in fact, the definitions across statutes should be construed as "equivalent." See C. Steven Bradford, "Expanding the Investment Company Act: The SEC's Manipulation of the Definition of Security," 60 Ohio St. L. Rev. 995 (1999). This article explains why the SEC's approach is more sound both as a matter of statutory construction and as a matter of policy.
Concentration and transport of dissolved and suspended substances in the Orinoco River

The Orinoco River, which is hydrologically unregulated and has a minimally disturbed watershed, was sampled quantitatively over a four-year interval. In conjunction with the sampling, a method was developed for quantifying statistical uncertainty in the estimates of annual transport. The discharge-weighted mean concentration of total suspended solids in the Orinoco River is 80 mg/l, which corresponds to total annual transport of 90 × 106 t/y, or, expressed per unit of watershed area, 960 kg/ha/y, of which 96% is inorganic. The mean for dissolved solids is 34 mg/l, of which 25 mg/l is inorganic. The total transport of inorganic material, with a small allowance for bedload, is 128 × 106 t/y, which corresponds to an erosion rate of 4 cm/1000 y. Concentrations of dissolved and suspended constituents derived from rock weathering are very low because of dilution from high runoff (1190 mm/y), coverage of the southern part of the drainage by shield rock, and minimal watershed disturbance. Seasonal patterns in dissolved and suspended constituents are repeated with a high degree of consistency from one year to the next.
Los freaks de circo: Convergencias de espacio y forma entre la fotografía de Diane Arbus y el microrrelato de Ana María Shua

The art of finding rarity initiates the creative process of a photographer and by extension, of the writer. Diane Arbus and Ana Maria Shua find it in the carnavalesque space detached from anything official, authoritarian, theological, political, or serious, both of them constructing parallel artistic processes. This essay elaborates on a series of narrative strategies of resonance in photography as well as in micro story. Both present us with a different world as a projection of our own world where authenticity and "normality" are being manipulated. Shua and Arbus interpret the reality according to their own ideology, consciousness, and aesthetics by entering into the ambiguous relationship between art and truth. The documentary component in their artistic language results in the most effective media to shape ideas and to transform our vision of the world
Current trends in pediatric nuclear medicine: a Society for Pediatric Radiology membership survey.

Pediatric nuclear medicine is evolving, and its practice patterns are uncertain. Knowledge of the current trends in pediatric nuclear medicine might be helpful to direct local decisions, including expectations for patient care, needs for capital acquisitions, and staffing recruitment strategies. To provide data regarding the current practice of pediatric nuclear medicine via a Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) membership survey. The SPR emailed our 25-question survey to all 1,847 SPR members in August 2018 and we accepted responses until April 2019. Questions focused on nuclear medicine staffing, positron emission tomography (PET) utilization, and radiotherapy availability. Respondents could indicate their affiliated hospital, which we used for data cataloguing only. Analysis of survey responses was blinded to reported institution. We analyzed response data using contingency tables. Independence testing between categorical variables based on proportions of physicians with additional nuclear medicine board certification was performed on a subset of questions regarding PET and therapy practices. Sixty-seven people from at least 29 hospitals responded to the survey, including all 10 of the 2018–2019 U.S. News & World Report best children’s hospitals. The majority (48/67, 71.6%) of respondents indicated that pediatric nuclear medicine examinations were interpreted in the pediatric radiology department by pediatric radiologists and that most physicians interpreting the exams (43/67, 64.2%) did not have subspecialty certification in nuclear medicine or nuclear radiology. Most facilities offered PET/CT (57/67, 85.1%); few offered PET/MRI (12/67, 17.9%). Most facilities offered radiotherapies (57/67, 85.1%) but at most of these facilities (30/57, 52.6%), fewer than half the physicians who cover nuclear medicine were approved to administer therapies. In the subset analyses based on proportion of physicians with additional nuclear medicine board certification, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in availability of PET/MRI, lutetium-177 dotatate therapy programs, and percentages of physicians approved to administer therapies. Pediatric nuclear medicine is largely practiced by pediatric radiologists without subspecialty certification. Staffing, PET practices and therapies vary among practices, in part associated with the number of radiologists with nuclear medicine board certification.
Solution of nearly incompressible field problems using a generalized finite element approach

Abstract It is well known that for problems approaching incompressible limits, standard finite element approaches suffer from suboptimal convergence due to a phenomenon known as locking. We analyze this phenomenon and present a robust generalized finite element formulation that enables optimal solution convergence. This approach is explored for the two-dimensional incompressible elasticity equations with a variable Poisson’s ratio, as well as the two-dimensional lid-driven cavity Stokes flow problem using a penalty pressure formulation.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition on Chemically Similar Materials: Achieving Selectivity on Oxide/Oxide Patterns

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is attracting increasing interest, but the process usually requires substrate materials with substantially different chemical properties. We introduc...
Structural Variation and Odorant Binding for Olfactory Receptors Selected from the Six Major Subclasses of the OR Phylogenetic Tree

To provide some insight on odorant recognition, we partitioned the 398 human olfactory receptors (OR) into six subclasses based on the phylogenetic tree and predicted the 3D structure and binding site for the family head of each subclass. We used the GPCR Ensemble of Structures in Membrane BiLayer Environment (GEnSeMBLE) method that samples 10 trillion combinations of helix tilts and rotations to select an ensemble of the 25 most stable 7-helix packings. We found that the ensembles for the OR in all 6 subclasses exhibit the TM1-2-7 coupling characteristic of Class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In many cases of tetrapod subclasses, the conserved R3.50:E6.30 TM3-TM6 coupling in the inactive GPCRs is replaced with D(E)3.39:H6.40 and D3.49:R(K)6.30 interactions. We found a different pattern for the fish-like class I, where D3.49 couples with residues in TM4 (R4.44 for O52D1-I and Q4.41/K4.38 for O52B6-I) instead of TM6. A variety of residues lining the binding site are involved depending on the ligand: Q1033.28 and N2827.39 for O52D1-I, Y912.53 for O11H6-II, Q973.28 for OR4Q2-III, S2727.35 for OR7D4-IV, S2065.43 for OR2J3-V, and T2496.45 for OR5P3-VI. Here, we provide the structures for the top25 for all 11 ORs, including the structures with ligands.
Transimpedance Mode CMOS Microelectrode Array For In-Vitro Neuronal Activity Recording

A CMOS integrated microelectrode array (IMA) utilizing a low-inpedance transimpedance input has been developed. The design uses a three-stage amplifier, including a transimpedance input stage, buffer, and multiplexor. The input stage presents a low impedance which provides bias for the neural input and maximizes the current transfer into the circuit. The amplifiers are replicated in an 8x8 array, enabling measurement of a network of 64 neurons invitro. The chip was post-processed to provide a bio-compatible gold interface between the electrodes and the neurons. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the functionality of the new design. Additional measurements are underway to provide experimental confirmation of the system with in-vitro neurons.
School-Based Nurse Practitioners' Perceptions of the Health Care Needs of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents.

School-based nurse practitioners (NPs) can reduce health disparities for transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents. However, research is limited regarding their understanding of TGNC ...
Analyzing the Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequences of Agroterrorism

Agroterrorism is a type of low-tech, high-impact biological, radiological, chemical, and, more recently, cyber terrorism targeted at the agriculture industry. With the abundance of information on developing biological weapons and the relative ease of accessing chemical agents, agroterrorism could be an attractive form of terrorism for separatist, religious, right-wing, and left-wing groups. The U.S. agricultural sector is a viable target for a terrorist attack because of the high economic, political, and social impact an attack can pose. This chapter finds that changes in human migration patterns could increase the risk of an agroterrorism attack in the United States. It also finds that the attention devoted to biological agroterrorism exposes the vulnerabilities of a potential radiological, chemical, and cyber agroterrorism attack.
Measuring the Coping Efforts of Grieving Undergraduate Students: Developing the GCOPE Through a Mixed-Method Design

MEASURING THE COPING EFFORTS OF GRIEVING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: DEVELOPING THE GCOPE THROUGH A MIXED-METHOD DESIGN By Benjamin Dyson Lord, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Sandra E. Gramling, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology The current study used a three-phase mixed-methods design to produce a new selfreport measure of the strategies that college students use to cope with the death of a lovedone. To date, no other coping inventories exist which have been developed specifically to measure coping strategies that are relevant to this population. This is particularly problematic, as undergraduate students commonly experience bereavement and may be at unique risk for poor outcomes. College students are often estranged from their primary support networks and may also be in the process of undergoing important developmental tasks related to emerging adulthood. Stress and coping models allow for the idiosyncratic nature of the grieving process. However, the application of grief-specific stress-and-coping theories, such as the Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM), have been hampered by
Why Spirituality Belongs in the Business Curriculum

The financial crisis of 2008, which followed Enron and other accounting scandals, has made it very clear that much of corporate America has lost its values. We have to rethink what we are teaching students. Since approximately 80% of first-year college students are interested in spirituality, it is quite reasonable to incorporate spiritual values into business courses. Spirituality is not religion so there are few problems with discussing this in a class. Spiritual values include making work meaningful, respect for the creativity of employees, and improving the world. The authors also present case histories of firms that have incorporated spiritual values into the way they conduct business.
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTER ON THE MOON BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY – A FEASIBILITY STUDY

Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer combination for in situ analysis of lunar organic matter, describing instrument design and operation
Another Tool in the Assessment Toolbox

Abstract The University of Washington is one of five institutions that participated in the LibQUAL+(™) surveys conducted each year since its pilot phase in 2000. These surveys are sponsored and administered by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and Texas A&M University. This paper reviews the administration, methodology and results from the LibQUAL+(™) surveys in the context of an existing assessment program at the University of Washington Libraries that employs a suite of assessment tools. It also compares our LibQUAL+(™) experience with the set of expectations we articulated in 1999 for participating in the LibQUAL+(™) project.
Hollow‐Fiber Membranes

Hollow-fiber membranes were invented in the 1960s. In the ensuing decades much research and development effort has transpired with the result that these fibers have become exceedingly important to industry, academia, and government in such fields as desalination of water, wastewater reclamation, medicine, agriculture, gas separation, and pervaporation. Commercial opportunities annually exceed several hundred million dollars. The hollow-fiber membranes are usually the base technology within a significantly larger system. This article briefly discusses the history and theory of hollow-fiber membrane technology. Methods of manufacture are reviewed together with processing techniques employed to enhance various aspects of performance. Hollow-fiber membranes are composed of many different materials of construction. The generic compositions are cited and specific end use applications noted. Lastly, the work to date has identified many areas where future prospects for hollow-fiber membranes are the brightest. A number of these future growth areas are discussed together with which industrial corporations are in the forefront of the new developments. Keywords: Hollow-fiber membranes; Spinning; Fiber treatment; Composites; Cellulose; Cellulosic esters; Polysulfones; Poly(methyl methacrylate); Polyamides; Glass; Sorbent fillers
A Preliminary First Amendment Analysis of Legislation Treating News Aggregation as Copyright Infringement

The newspaper industry has recently experienced economic difficulty. Profits have declined because fewer people read printed versions of newspapers, preferring instead to get their news through so-called “news aggregators” who compile newspaper headlines and provide links to storied posted on newspaper websites. This harms newspaper revenue because news aggregators collect advertising revenue that newspapers used to enjoy.Some have responded to this problem by advocating the use of copyright to give newspapers the ability to control the use of their stories and headlines by news aggregators. This proposal is controversial, for news aggregators often do not commit copyright infringement. Accordingly, the use of copyright to help the newspaper industry would likely require amendment of the existing statute.This Article analyzes the constitutionality of such potential legislation under the First Amendment. As the Article will show, legislation that treats news aggregation as copyright infringement changes the traditional contours of copyright in ways that expose copyright to serious First Amendment scrutiny. This analysis will show that Congress does not have a completely free hand in choosing how, if at all, to help the newspaper industry. In fact, Congress must be careful not to unduly restrict the practice of news aggregation.
How Retail Beef and Bread Prices Respond to Changes in Ingredient and Input Costs

The extent to which cost changes pass through a vertically organized production process depends on the value added by each producer in the chain as well as a number of other organizational and marketing factors at each stage of production. Using 36 years of monthly Bureau of Labor Statistics price indices data (1972-2008), we model pass-through behavior for beef and bread, two retail food items with different levels of processing. Both the farm-to-wholesale and wholesale-to-retail price responses are modeled to allow for the presence of structural breaks in the underlying long-term relationships between price series. Broad differences in price behavior are found not only between food categories (retail beef prices respond more to farm-price changes than do retail bread prices) but also across stages in the supply chain. While farm-to-wholesale relationships generally appear to be symmetric, retail prices have a more complicated response behavior. For both bread and beef, the pass-through from wholesale to retail is weaker than that from farm to wholesale.
Specific chemical modification of the readily nitrated tyrosine of the RTEM beta-lactamase and of bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I. The role of the tyrosine in beta-lactamase catalysis.

Abstract The function of the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine residue readily nitrated by tetranitromethane (tyrosine-105) in the R TEM plasmid-derived β-lactamase (penicillinase; penicillin amido-β-lactam-hydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) from E. coli and in Bacillus cereus β-lactamase I has been investigated by chemical modification methods. In the case of B. cereus β-lactamase I the nitrated tyrosine can be acetylated by acetic anhydride without effect on β-lactamase activity. The nitrated tyrosine of the E. coli enzyme can also be acetylated but in this case β-lactamase activity is lost in a manner which directly correlates with extent of acetylation. However, deacetylation of the nitrotyrosine does not restore activity. The dilemma created by the latter result has been resolved by development of a new method of tyrosine hydroxyl modification at low pH. The nitrated enzyme is reduced by dithionite and then treated with either carbonyldiimidazole or N -(2,2,2trifluoroethoxycarbonyl)imidazole both of which convert 3-aminotyrosine into benzoxazolinonylalanine. That the final modification has been achieved is demonstrated both by classical chemical methods and by employment of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect the characteristic benzoxazolinone carbonyl absorption. Further, it is shown that no significant loss of β-lactamase activity is associated with this modification. Hence in neither the B. cereus or the E. coli enzyme does the readily nitrated tyrosine residue have a direct chemical function at the β-lactamase active site.
OUT-OF-HOSPITAL PREDICTORS OF SEVERITY AND MORTALITY AMONG MVC VICTIMS

(2004). OUT-OF-HOSPITAL PREDICTORS OF SEVERITY AND MORTALITY AMONG MVC VICTIMS. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 100-100.
Optomechanical nanoantenna: far-field control of near-field through mechanical reconfiguration

We have introduce optomechanical nanoantennae, which showed dramatic changes in scattering properties by minuscule changes in geometry. These structures are very compact, with a volume 500 times smaller than free space optical wavelength volume. Through these optical elements, far-field can directly control the near-field of antenna by mechanical reconfiguration. Here we present the functionality of the optomechanical nanoantenna and challenges in fabricating and measuring these devices.
Mössbauer-Effect Studies in Hafnium-Metal Single Crystals

The M\"ossbauer effect in ${\mathrm{Hf}}^{178}$ has been studied with oriented single-crystal absorbers of hafnium metal at the temperature of liquid helium. Along the [0001] axis, only the $|\ensuremath{\Delta}m|=1$ component of the quadrupole spectrum is observed, and along the [1010] axis only the $|\ensuremath{\Delta}m|=1$ and $|\ensuremath{\Delta}m|=2$ components are observed. Combining these observations with those made using a polycrystalline hafnium-metal absorber, the magnitude of the electric field gradient was found to be ${V}_{\mathrm{zz}}=(0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}$ V/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and the asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}l0.1$. The Debye temperature of hafnium carbide has been estimated to be (350\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and the Debye temperature of hafnium metal has been found to be (227\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10) and (192\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}13)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays propagating parallel and perpendicular to the $c$ axis, respectively.
5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents in neocortical layer V pyramidal cells: suppression by μ-opiate receptor activation

Abstract Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A receptors increases the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents through a focal action at apical, but not basilar, dendrites of neocortical layer V pyramidal cells. Since μ-, δ- and κ-opiate receptors are known to inhibit depolarization-induced glutamate release in cerebrocortical slices, we examined the opiate receptor subtype(s) that suppress(es) 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents in the medial prefrontal cortex and whether this suppression was occurring through a presynaptic or a postsynaptic mechanism. Only opioid agonists that act upon μ-receptors (i.e. [ d -Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin, the endogenous μ-selective agonist endomorphin-1 and the non-selective opioid agonist [Met]enkephalin) suppressed 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents. The δ-agonist [ d -phen2,5]enkephalin and the κ-agonist U50,488 were ineffective. Only the selective μ-antagonist CTOP blocked the suppressant effect of enkephalin, while the selective δ-antagonist naltrindole and the selective κ-antagonist nor-binaltorphimine were ineffective. Since the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents are mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)-type excitatory amino acid receptors, the failure of μ-agonists to either block postsynaptic AMPA responses or induce outward currents in layer V pyramidal cells suggest that μ-agonists are acting at a presynaptic site to block 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents. Strikingly, a regional selectivity in the suppressant effect of μ-receptor activation on 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents exists, as 300 nM [ d -Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin suppressed 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents in the medial prefrontal cortex by nearly 100%, while in the frontoparietal cortex 1 μM [ d -Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin suppressed 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitatory postsynaptic currents by only 58%. This is the first demonstration of a previously unsuspected physiological interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A and μ-opiate receptors and may be relevant to the relationship between these receptors and both mood and psychotic disorders.
Relation of urinary steroids to the diagnosis of adrenal cortical tumors and adrenal cortical hyperplasia; quantitative and isolation studies.

CLINICAL pictures which accompany functioning tumors of the adrenal cortex are neither specific nor diagnostic. Other pathologic conditions produce similar or even identical symptoms. Only one of these other conditions need be mentioned here; namely, adrenal cortical hyperplasia.* For therapeutic reasons it is very important to distinguish cases of adrenal cortical tumor from adrenal cortical hyperplasia and from the other clinical and pathologic entities which simulate both of them. The discussion that follows centers around the chemical and biologic methods that can be employed to help make these distinctions. Urine of patients who have functioning adrenal cortical tumors usually contains excessive amounts of both androgens and 17-ketosteroids. The former can be determined only by biologic methods, whereas the latter, which include not only androgenic steroids but others which seem to be biologically inert, can be determined by chemical methods. Kenyon, Gallagher, Peterson, Dorfman and Koch (1937) (27) ...
1-Methyl-3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-one complexes of near infra-red emitting lanthanides: efficient sensitization of Yb(III) and Nd(III) in aqueous solution.

The synthesis, X-ray structure, solution stability, and photophysical properties of several trivalent lanthanide complexes of Yb(III) and Nd(III) using both tetradentate and octadentate ligand design strategies and incorporating the 1-methyl-3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-one (Me-3,2-HOPO) chelate group are reported. Both the Yb(III) and Nd(III) complexes have emission bands in the Near Infra-Red (NIR) region, and this luminescence is retained in aqueous solution ({Phi}{sub tot}{sup Yb} {approx} 0.09-0.22%). Furthermore, the complexes demonstrate very high stability (pYb {approx} 18.8-21.9) in aqueous solution, making them good candidates for further development as probes for NIR imaging. Analysis of the low temperature (77 K) photophysical measurements for a model Gd(III) complex were used to gain an insight into the electronic structure, and were found to agree well with corresponding TD-DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G{sup ++}(d,p) level of theory for a simplified model monovalent sodium complex.
Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase.

Most currently available small molecule inhibitors of DNA replication lack enzymatic specificity, resulting in deleterious side effects during use in cancer chemotherapy and limited experimental usefulness as mechanistic tools to study DNA replication. Towards development of targeted replication inhibitors, we have focused on Mcm2-7 (minichromosome maintenance protein 2–7), a highly conserved helicase and key regulatory component of eukaryotic DNA replication. Unexpectedly we found that the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin preferentially inhibits Mcm2-7. Ciprofloxacin blocks the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2-7 at concentrations that have little effect on other tested helicases and prevents the proliferation of both yeast and human cells at concentrations similar to those that inhibit DNA unwinding. Moreover, a previously characterized mcm mutant (mcm4chaos3) exhibits increased ciprofloxacin resistance. To identify more potent Mcm2-7 inhibitors, we screened molecules that are structurally related to ciprofloxacin and identified several that compromise the Mcm2-7 helicase activity at lower concentrations. Our results indicate that ciprofloxacin targets Mcm2-7 in vitro, and support the feasibility of developing specific quinolone-based inhibitors of Mcm2-7 for therapeutic and experimental applications.
Incidental learning with “omitted” context cues

In a paired-associate learning task, context stimuli were present on study trials and absent on test trials. The context stimuli were then used as stimuli on a transfer task in one of three paradigms: A-B, A-B; A-B, A-Br; A-B, C-D. Performance on the transfer task indicated that associations had been formed between context stimuli and the appropriate responses on the original list.
Production of Fungal Polygalacturonase from Apple Pomace

Abstract Of five cultures examined, Aspergillus niger NRRL 599 was found to yield the highest activity of polygalacturonase (>25 000 units/kg apple pomace fermented). The enzyme was most active at 40°C and exhibited its optimum activity at pH 4.5. The K m and V max values for polygalacturonic acid were 2.1 mg/mL and 0.12 mmol/L galacturonic acid/min, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme as estimated by the gel filtration method was 34 kDa.
Toward data-driven demand-response optimization in a campus microgrid

We describe and demonstrate a prototype software architecture to support data-driven demand response optimization (DR) in the USC campus microgrid, as part of the Los Angeles Smart Grid Demonstration Project. The architecture includes a semantic information repository that integrates diverse data sources to support DR, demand forecasting using scalable machine-learned models, and detection of load curtailment opportunities by matching complex event patterns.
Non-resonant bi-stable frequency-increased power scavenger from low-frequency ambient vibration

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of an inertial micro power scavenger that utilizes the bi-stable motion of a mechanical mass to convert a board range of low-frequency (≪30Hz), and large-deflection (≫250μm) ambient vibrations into high-frequency electrical output energy. The generator incorporates a novel bi-stable mechanical structure to initiate high-frequency mechanical oscillations in an electromagnetic scavenger. This frequency up-conversion technique enhances the electromechanical coupling and increases the generated power. The fabricated device has a volume of 3.7cm3. It generated a peak power of 558μW and an average power of 39.5μW at an input acceleration of 1g applied at 10Hz.
The benefits of transport improvements in a city with efficient development control

Abstract We consider the problem of measuring the benefits of improvements to the transportation system in urban areas. Early work suggested that such benefits could be measured by analysis of the changes in the aggregate value of land. Subsequent work has cast doubt on this possibility. In a city with development controls that are ‘efficient’, we show that it is possible to make use of changes in land values to measure the benefits of transport improvements.
Chronic Akinetic Mutism After Mesencephalic-Diencephalic Infarction: Remediated with Dopaminergic Medications

Objective: Akinetic mutism (AKM) is an uncommon disorder with a complex neuropathology. There is no generally accepted treatment, and it is not known if late treatments are effective. The relationship between AKM and abulia is uncertain. Methods: The effects of dopaminergic treatment of a patient with chronic AKM after discrete bilateral infarctions of the mesencephalic ventral tegmental area and the lat eral hypothalamus were studied with motor measures, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and neuropsychological tests. Results: Treatment with a combination of carbidopa/levodopa and pergolide produced prompt amelioration of AKM with dra matic and rapid improvement in FIM. An apathetic, amotivational state persisted de spite resolution of akinesia and normal frontal executive functions. Conclusions: AKM may respond to dopaminergic treatment even after months of severe akinesia. The mechanism of abulia is more complex than simply a partial dopaminergic deficiency state and may persist even when AKM i...
Modeling Farm-Level Crop Insurance Demand with Panel Data

A random‐effects, binomial probit model is applied to data for a panel of Kansas wheat farms to examine Multiple Peril Crop Insurance demand. A theoretical model is developed which suggests inclusion of the moments of both market return and the return to insurance. Empirical results indicate that the first and second moments of both market return and the returns to insurance are significant. The price elasticity of demand is estimated to be −0.65. Preseason weather variables when included in the models were not found to be significant, failing to support the hypothesis of intertemporal adverse selection.
Plasma homovanillic acid in psychotic depression

Elevated levels of plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) are associated with increased psychopathology after neuroleptic withdrawal in schizophrenia, and may be predictive of treatment response in psychotic patients. There are limited extant data on plasma HVA in psychotic and non-psychotic major depression. In 53 medication-free inpatients with endogenous depression, single determinations of AM plasma HVA did not differ between psychotic (n = 20) and non-psychotic (n = 33) patients. Plasma HVA showed no associations with age, gender, or indices of disease severity. Consistent with prior reports, a course of ECT treatment did not significantly change plasma HVA levels in this depressed sample, and there were no effects of ECT modality or clinical response on plasma HVA levels. These results, though limited by the absence of serial sampling, suggest that plasma HVA abnormalities may not characterize psychotic depression, unlike the findings in schizophrenia. The existence of multiple subtypes of dopamine receptors, and the possibility of different abnormalities in the mesolimbic and prefrontal dopaminergic pathways in schizophrenia, complicates the interpretation of peripheral dopaminergic markers. The significance of peripheral markers such as plasma HVA remains uncertain, though at this stage the clinical correlates in schizophrenia are better established than those in psychotic depression. Further work is necessary to clarify the utility of peripheral markers of the dopamine system in psychotic disorders. Depression 1:309–314 (1993). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Methadone disposition following oral versus parenteral dose administration in rats during chronic treatment

Abstract A single radiolabeled dose of dl -methadone was administered by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes to rats that had been chronically treated with dl -methadone. Radiolabeled compound (methadone and metabolites) was found in all organs at all time points studied after 30 minutes to 24 hours. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that approximately 30–40 per cent of this compound is unchanged methadone at the 1-hour time point in the liver of rats receiving an oral or intravenous dose and in the brain of rats receiving an oral dose. Ninety-four per cent of compounds in brain is unchanged methadone at 1 hour after intravenous dose administration. Twenty-four hours following dose administration, levels of methadone within any organ are found to be similar irrespective of route of administration. The liver was found to contain the largest amounts of methadone in all animals studied with whole blood, lungs, and kidneys also containing large total amounts of methadone and metabolites. The liver and adrenals contained the highest concentrations of radiolabeled compounds.
Prenatal diagnosis of a new syndrome: Holoprosencephaly with hypokinesia

Markedly decreased fetal activity (akinesia/hypokinesia) is usually readily apparent to experienced mothers, and frequently this concern leads to attempts at prenatal diagnosis. We report prenatal diagnosis of two fetuses with congenital contractures, markedly decreased fetal movement, and microcephaly due to severe holoprosencephaly. Such familial recurrence to phenotypically normal parents suggests a newly recognized autosomal recessive or X-linked syndrome that is readily detectable by prenatal ultrasonography.
Dose-dependent prolactin releasing activity of arginine vasotocin in intact and pinealectomized estrogen-progesterone treated adult male rats

Estrogen-progesterone (EP) treated adult male rats were injected intravenously (iv) with 0.1, 1 or 10 μg arginine vasotocin (AVT) or Ringers lactate solution. A significant dose-related rise in plasma prolactin was evident 10 min after injection with AVT. In a second experiment, shamoperated or pinealectomized EP-treated male rats were injected iv with 0.1 or 1 μg AVT or diluent. Plasma prolactin was significantly elevated in both sham-operated and pinealectomized groups at both 10 and 20 min post-injection of 1 μg AVT. These results indicate that AVT has prolactin-releasing activity and that this activity is not dependent upon the presence of an intact pineal gland.
Cathode Energy of the Iron Arc

The available energy at the cathode of the iron arc for welding in air, and the disbursement of this available energy to the cathode processes, are set up in balance-sheet form for purposes of study. Since many of the constants involved are not accurately known the results obtained are approximate only and indicate the probable order of magnitude of the quantities involved rather than the exact quantities themselves. The paper thus represents a preliminary survey. The energy as heat at the cathode includes that from: (1) Ionic bombardment, (2) Ohmic resistance of cathode tip, (3) Radiation from the anode, (4) Combustion. The sum of the first three items should approximate one-half of the total energy input to the arc, (since the division of total arc energy between anode and cathode is nearly an equal one). Item (1) is by far the largest heat source. But using values of f = 0.625 (fraction of current at cathode which is carried by electrons) as determined by Compton and by Gunther-Schulze, and taking the cathode voltage drop V c = 9.0 volts which is higher than V 1 the ionizing potential, (= 7.83 volts, Mohler) this quantity, together with the smaller items (2), (3), and (4), is still too small to account for the observed rate of melting of the cathode. Possibly ?? + , the heat of condensation of incoming ions, is not zero for this arc as Compton has shown for the tungsten arc.
Scientists and engineers: The evolution of the IRE

The IRE was unique; it was the most scientific of American engineering societies. This spirit found expression in high membership standards, a stress upon crativity, democratic elections, and dedication to international scientific ideals. The relationship between professional standards and the style and direction of the work fostered by a professional society has not been clear historically, however. By examining a specific case, nonlinear problems, this paper shows that there was a convergence between the values implicit in the development of a highly scientific field and the professional atmosphere created by the founders of the IRE.
The Blues of Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract Since the first “blue baby operation,” dramatic diagnostic and therapeutic advances have improved survival for most infants born with cyanotic heart defects. In the current decade, most infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease will undergo vital palliative or corrective surgery in the first months of life. In this article, the anatomy and clinical features of selected cyanotic heart defects, including tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, and pulmonary atresia, will be reviewed, with discussion of current treatment strategies and nursing implications.