cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FAST learning: A new didactic method in software engineering

A new didactic method is proposed and described, called FAST, which is an acronym from Follow Accomplishments of Senior Teams, to attract to the discipline students in low level courses and reduce attrition rates. In essence, the method relies on bringing software engineering student teams from senior project courses, who have accomplished some significant results in their classes, to demonstrate and showcase their projects in introductory courses in software engineering and in other STEM disciplines. Students in lower level courses, with assistance of instructor, then analyze the projects specifications, designs, and implementations, and find out about the principles and specific details of software development on a real case study, which is available at hand. Then, depending on each project's scope, an instructor in a lower level course may choose one of the techniques, such as a demo, exercise, assignment, or even experiment, to enforce learning and motivate the students to increase their chances of staying in the degree program or even switching to the software engineering program from other majors. Typical software projects involved in the first edition of FAST learning were on robotics, wireless sensor networks, microcontrollers, data acquisition and control, and others. These activities definitely engaged students in lower level courses and caused significant excitement about prospects of learning in higher level courses and pursuing careers in software engineering.
How to Behave Sensitively: Prescriptions for Interracial Conduct from the 1960s to the 1990s

The U.S. civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s sought not only to tear down legal barriers to black equality but also to eradicate the myriad written and unwritten rules that formed the protocol of the racial caste system of segregation. This article argues that, despite this revolt and the simultaneous attack on formality and authority in the 1960s, a new concern with an etiquette of race took hold. This concern is manifested in a variety of kinds of sources, from fiction to diversity training materials. The nature and quantity of prescriptions reveal that the late-twentieth century must be understood as a period of uneasy transition to integration, a time fraught with new anxieties and unresolved tensions. This article suggests that both the new prescriptions and the new anxieties need to be analyzed in the context of long-term shifts in emotional style and management, as laid out by several theorists discussed here, and the erosion of a sense of what the moral underpinnings of manners might be, at least ideally. The wayward attempts to articulate evermore elaborate etiquette rules for interracial interactions are considered as part of a larger civility crisis.
Intravenous infusion conditions. Implications for pharmacokinetic monitoring

Drugs are often given intravenously with an expectation that the predicted serum concentrations will be achieved rapidly. Routine pharmacokinetic monitoring of some drugs may be of limited value, unless the effect of intravenous drug delivery systems on serum concentrations is known. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the actual time for complete drug delivery can be markedly longer than predicted and is dependent inter alia on factors including the delivery device, flow rate, injection site, drug volume and tubing diameter. Studies in paediatric patients have shown that the serum concentrations of drugs, including aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol, are strongly influenced by intravenous drug delivery systems. Similarly, data from adult patients have indicated that a drug delivery system can affect serum concentrations of aminoglycosides. Some data are available about the pharmacokinetics of drugs delivered by newer devices, e.g. controlled release infusion systems, membrane devices and implanted pumps, but additional research is needed to determine their predictability of delivery and pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs. To achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes in patients, it is crucial to understand the impact of an intravenous drug delivery system on serum concentrations and to develop guidelines for pharmacokinetic monitoring.
Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis prevention and treatment

As potent inhibitors of bone resorption, bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used to treat a variety of disorders of calcium and bone metabolism, including osteoporosis. Paget's disease, and metastatic bone disease. Numerous clinical studies have shown BPs to be useful and cost-effective options for the prevention and treatment of fractures and bone loss associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis, senile osteoporosis in men, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. With proper self-administration in patients without underlying gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, oral bisphosphonates are usually safe, however, they can cause upper GI irritation. The most common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, gastritis, and esophageal irritation Newer, longer-acting BPs and parenteral administration have lead to options for patients who cannot tolerate oral BPs.
The early release of surfactant following lung irradiation of alveolar type II cells

Abstract At 1 hour, 24 hours, and l week following irradiation, studies utilizing LAF 1 /J mouse lung showed increase of disaturated alveolar phosphatidylcholine (PC) by radiolabelling and alveolar lavage, thus indicating PC as a nearly immediate post-irradiation biomarker. A corresponding decrease of PC in lung tissue following alveolar lavage correlated with an early decrease of Iamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes after irradiation.
Steel frame analysis with flexible joints

Abstract The first papt of the paper discusses various mathematical models that have been proposed to represent the nonlinear moment-rotation behavior of the semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections. This is followed by a brief description of two simplified and a rigorous analysis capable of dealing with these models in flexibly-connected steel frames. Numerical studies of frames made-using these simplified and rigorous analysis methods are presented. Observations regarding the effects of flexible connections on the strength, deflection and internal force distribution of steel framed structures are discussed.
The Role of African American Ethnicity and Metabolism in Sentinel Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener Serum Levels

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants found in the serum of human populations across the globe. A small set of sentinel PCB congeners (IUPAC# 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) commonly sought in human serum are often used as markers of exposure. The Chicago Great Lakes cohort of pregnant African American women was developed to study organochlorine exposure through Great Lakes resources in a pregnant African American population and their children. Comparison of PCB serum concentrations in women reporting mixed race/ethnicity within the cohort shows significant elevations of serum PCB 101 and 118 in women reporting exclusive African American ancestry. Incubations were performed using pooled human liver microsomes followed by individual recombinant human CYP isoform microsomes to identify whether the other sentinel congeners are metabolized by human CYP 450. In human liver microsome metabolism experiments with the sentinel PCB congeners (IUPAC# 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180), only PCB 101 metabolism produced an identifiable metabolite. However, a significant loss of parent compound was observed for PCB 118 incubations with human liver microsomes. The loss of PCB 101 and PCB 118 in microsome experiments indicates they are likely metabolized in human liver. Therefore, CYP 450 mediated metabolic differences may contribute to differences in serum concentrations by race/ethnicity. PCB metabolism has an important impact on toxicity. PCB metabolites have been shown to differ significantly in toxicity profiles relative to parent compounds. Biomonitoring studies of PCB serum levels have correlated with toxicity for the metabolizable congeners such as PCB 101 and PCB 118. However, measurable amounts of metabolizable parent congeners such as PCB 101 may not be detectable in the serum of study participants. Because PCB 118 is metabolized, but is also readily found in human serum, it may be a better marker of metabolism related PCB toxicity. Human specific PCB metabolism is difficult to characterize but has important pathophysiological ramifications and deserves further study.
Real-Time Weld Zone Strain/Slope Measurements Using the Interferometric Strain/Slope Rosette Technique

A laser-based optical technique, the Interferometric Strain/Slope Rosette (ISSR) technique, was used to measure real-time deformations in welding heat-affected zones. This was accomplished by measuring simultaneously real-time in-plane strains, out-of-plane slopes and weld plate temperature from both carbon and stainless steel plates. All strain/slope results demonstrated a strong sensitivity to such welding parameters as temperature, weld length and heat input. Accuracy of the measurements was studied. The strain/slope responses were also proven to be predictable, with measured strains comparable to released strains measured by resistance strain rosette/hole-drilling and ISSR/ring-core cutting.
Wildlife and integrated pest management

A number of options are available to those professionals interested in pest management through an integrated approach. The components of this approach are manipulation of vegetation; manipulation of population structure, dynamics, and interaction; and manipulation of the values associated with animal and plant crop production. Each component has numerous methods, which when used alone or in combination, offer a nearly infinite number of alternatives to the successful use of pesticides.
Increased Adoption of Quality Improvement Interventions to Implement Evidence-Based Practices for Pressure Ulcer Prevention in U.S. Academic Medical Centers.

Objective In 2008, the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services enacted a nonpayment policy for stage III and IV hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs), which incentivized hospitals to improve prevention efforts. In response, hospitals looked for ways to support implementation of evidence-based practices for HAPU prevention, such as adoption of quality improvement (QI) interventions. The objective of this study was to quantify adoption patterns of QI interventions for supporting evidence-based practices for HAPU prevention. Methods This study surveyed wound care specialists working at hospitals within the University HealthSystem Consortium. A questionnaire was used to retrospectively describe QI adoption patterns according to 25 HAPU-specific QI interventions into four domains: leadership, staff, information technology (IT), and performance and improvement. Respondents indicated QI interventions implemented between 2007 and 2012 to the nearest quarter and year. Descriptive statistics defined patterns of QI adoption. A t-test and statistical process control chart established statistically significant increase in adoption following nonpayment policy enactment in October 2008. Increase are described in terms of scope (number of QI domains employed) and scale (number of QI interventions within domains). Results Fifty-three of the 55 hospitals surveyed reported implementing QI interventions for HAPU prevention. Leadership interventions were most frequent, increasing in scope from 40% to 63% between 2008 and 2012; “annual programs to promote pressure ulcer prevention” showed the greatest increase in scale. Staff interventions increased in scope from 32% to 53%; “frequent consult driven huddles” showed the greatest increase in scale. IT interventions increased in scope from 31% to 55%. Performance and improvement interventions increased in scope from 18% to 40%, with “new skin care products . . .” increasing the most. Linking Evidence to Action Academic medical centers increased adoption of QI interventions following changes in nonpayment policy. These QI interventions supported adherence to implementation of pressure ulcer prevention protocols. Changes in payment policies for prevention are effective in QI efforts.
Solving path problems on the GPU

We consider the computation of shortest paths on Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). The blocked recursive elimination strategy we use is applicable to a class of algorithms (such as all-pairs shortest-paths, transitive closure, and LU decomposition without pivoting) having similar data access patterns. Using the all-pairs shortest-paths problem as an example, we uncover potential gains over this class of algorithms. The impressive computational power and memory bandwidth of the GPU make it an attractive platform to run such computationally intensive algorithms. Although improvements over CPU implementations have previously been achieved for those algorithms in terms of raw speed, the utilization of the underlying computational resources was quite low. We implemented a recursively partitioned all-pairs shortest-paths algorithm that harnesses the power of GPUs better than existing implementations. The alternate schedule of path computations allowed us to cast almost all operations into matrix-matrix multiplications on a semiring. Since matrix-matrix multiplication is highly optimized and has a high ratio of computation to communication, our implementation does not suffer from the premature saturation of bandwidth resources as iterative algorithms do. By increasing temporal locality, our implementation runs more than two orders of magnitude faster on an NVIDIA 8800 GPU than on an Opteron. Our work provides evidence that programmers should rethink algorithms instead of directly porting them to GPU.
Ab Initio Study of Hybrid bgb Mesons

Hybrid $\overline{b}\mathrm{gb}$ molecules in which the heavy $\overline{b}b$ pair is bound together by the excited gluon field $g$ are studied using the Born-Oppenheimer expansion and quenched numerical simulations. The consistency of results from the two approaches reveals a simple and compelling physical picture for heavy hybrid states.
Influence of Cell Integrity on Textural Properties of Raw, High Pressure, and Thermally Processed Onions

The integrity of onion cells and its impact on tissue texture after high pressure and thermal processing was studied. The contribution of cell membranes and the pectic component of cell walls on the texture properties of onion tissue were analyzed. Neutral red (NR) staining of onion parenchyma cell vacuoles was used for the evaluation of cell membrane integrity and microscopic image analysis was used for its quantification. The content of methanol in tissue as a result of pectin methylesterase activity was used to evaluate the pectin component of the middle lamella and cell walls and the hardening effect on the tissue after processing. High pressure treatments consisted of 5-min holding times at 50, 100, 200, 300, or 600 MPa. Thermal treatments consisted of 30-min water bath exposure to 40, 50, 60, 70, or 90 ◦ C. In the high pressure treatments, loss of membrane integrity commenced at 200 MPa and total loss of membrane integrity occurred at 300 MPa and above. In the thermal treatments, membrane integrity was lost between 50 and 60 ◦ C. The texture of onions was influenced by the state of the membranes and texture profiles were abruptly modified once membrane integrity was lost. Hardening of the tissue corresponded with pressure and temperature PME activation and occurred after membrane integrity loss.
Differential effects of phosphorus limitation on cellular metals in Chlorella and Microcystis

We investigated the effect of phosphate bioavailability on cellular metal quotas in two species of freshwater phytoplankton (the eukaryote Chlorella sp. UTCC522 and the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. LE3), grown in semicontinuous culture over four controlled levels of phosphate availability, encompassing phosphorus (P) deplete to P replete conditions. P limitation caused reduced growth rate, high C : P (up to 1800 mol mol21), and increased alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity. Low P availability led to enriched cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in Chlorella (up to 2.8-fold, 1.7-fold, and 1.8-fold, respectively, normalized to cellular N, relative to P-replete control) but resulted in enriched Co and nickel (Ni) in Microcystis (up to 4.4-fold and 3.0-fold). In contrast, cellular iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) were largely unchanged (6,20%) in both organisms. Cd and Co may substitute for Zn in the APase of Chlorella while in Microcystis the dominant phosphatase may be strictly Co-requiring, as has been reported for other prokaryotes and is consistent with its evolutionary emergence before the oxygenation of the atmosphere, when Co was relatively abundant in natural waters. By extension, the absolute Co requirement of the important marine cyanobacteria Synechococus and Prochlorococcus may be related in part to widespread depletion of orthophosphate (PO 3{ 4 ) in the oligotrophic surface ocean. The enrichment of Ni in Microcystis may indicate increased activity of Ni-requiring superoxide dismutase under P limitation or, speculatively, a co-uptake of Ni and Co by a shared transport system. These results shed light on the interaction between trace metals, macronutrient availability, and phytoplankton assemblage composition, and suggest intensified biological cycling of Zn, Cd, Co, and Ni in low-P freshwater and marine systems.
Special Considerations in Geriatric Research: Ethical and Legal Issues*

Ethical concerns related to human research, such as informed consent, are areas of continued interest in clinical studies. Consent that is competent, informed, and voluntary is vital to successful studies. Additional concerns of beneficience and justice are also of concern. Research with geriatric patients can bring complications, especially where dementia is present. Sensitivity to these concerns is vital in geriatric clinical research.
Single-stage low-cost and energy-efficient isolated phase-shifted high-frequency inverter followed by a forced cycloconverter for universal residential fuel cell power system

We describe a single-stage low-cost and efficient fuel-cell (FC) power-electronics system (PES), which comprises a front end phase-shifted high-frequency (HF) full-bridge inverter followed by a step-up high-frequency transformer and a forced cycloconverter for universal residential FC power system (i.e., 110 V/240 V and 60/50 Hz). This single-stage dc/ac converter approach meets the higher energy efficiency requirement without exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cost constraint of $40/kW. The described topology achieves a direct power conversion and does not require any intermediate energy storage components. The FC PES increases the reliability by precluding the need for front-end dc/dc converter and also provides a low-cost viable alternative to high power density.
Novel one-pot synthesis of hierarchically porous Pd/C monoliths by a co-gelation method

Described is a simple one-pot route for the synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon supported palladium (Pd/C) monoliths with a three-dimensional pore network via self-assembly under basic conditions of a resol polymer. Textural and morphological characterization of the Pd/C monoliths was carried out using nitrogen sorption analysis and scanning electron microscope. Formation of Pd nanoparticles ranging from 35 to 60 nm was observed. Evaluation of catalytic activity for styrene hydrogenation was performed using the Pd/C material as heterogeneous catalyst in batch mode. Studies revealed that the monoliths showed leaching and catalytic activity similar to a commercial Pd/C catalyst.
On Ulam-von Neumann transformations

We define and study Ulam-von Neumann transformations which are certain interval mappings and conjugate toq(x)=1−2x2 on [−1,1]. We use a singular metric on [−1,1] to study a Ulam-von Neumann transformation. This singular metric is universal in the sense that it does not depend on any particular mapping but only on the exponent of this mapping at its unique critical point. We give the smooth classification of Ulam-von Neumann transformations by their eigenvalues at periodic points and exponents and asymmetries.
(μ-Diazenediyldiphenyl-κ2C2, N2: κ2C2′, N1) bis [(3, 5-dimethylphenyl) tellurium (II)].

The title compound, C28H26N2Te2, prepared by reduction of (3,5-dimethyl­phen­yl)(2-nitro­phen­yl)tellurium(II), is the first structurally characterized example of an azo group bridging two TeII centers. The compound is centrosymmetric and the Te—N distance [2.6916 (19) A] is longer than in non-bridging azo compounds.
Degradation of blue AlGaN/InGaN/GaN LEDs subjected to high current pulses

Short-wavelength, visible-light emitting optoelectronic devices are needed for a wide range of commercial applications, including high-density optical data storage, full-color displays, and underwater communications. In 1994, high-brightness blue LEDs based on gallium nitride and related compounds (InGaN/AlGaN) were introduced by Nichia Chemical Industries. The Nichia diodes are 100 times brighter than the previously available SiC blue LEDs. Group-III nitrides combine a wide, direct bandgap with refractory properties and high physical strength. So far, no studies of degradation of GaN based LEDs have been reported. Our study, reported in this paper, focuses on the performance of GaN LEDs under high electrical stress conditions. Our observations indicate that, in spite of a high defect density, which normally would have be fatal to other III-V devices, defects in group-III nitrides are not mobile even under high electrical stress. Defect tubes, however, can offer a preferential path for contact metals to electromigrate towards the p-n junction, eventually resulting in a short. The proposed mechanism of GaN diode degradation raises concern for prospects of reliable lasers in the group-III nitrides grown on sapphire.
Emerging drugs for pulmonary hypertension

Importance of the field: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by structural narrowing of the small pulmonary arteries that often culminates in fatal right heart failure.Areas covered in this review: PubMed was searched for PAH and treatment. Data from scientific meetings and pharmaceutical websites are also included. There are currently eight FDA approved drugs for PAH that fall into one of three classes: prostacyclins, endothelin-receptor antagonists and PDE-5 inhibitors. All have important limitations and morbidity and mortality remain high. Several new agents with similar mechanisms of action are in clinical development. Multiple novel therapeutic targets are being explored. New applications for PAH therapies, such as pulmonary hypertension due to left heart and lung disease, are also being investigated.What the reader will gain: An understanding of currently available drugs and those in clinical development for pulmonary hypertension.Take home message: Drugs targe...
Development of communication skills and teamwork amongst undergraduate engineering students

Two of ABET's engineering program outcomes are that graduates of engineering programs possess an ability to communicate effectively and an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams. It has been observed with concern that entrants to engineering programs are inadequately prepared with respect to communication skills in oral and written communication, report writing, technical writing, lecture notes taking, math skills, inter alia. This paper demonstrates how courses in the engineering program, namely, introduction to engineering, and engineering graphics can be used to develop skills in technical writing, oral communication, team building, creativity, analysis, synthesis; in the overall engineering design process. Real life projects were used. Customer requests were made and briefs obtained for projects. Course evaluation tools were used to assess student learning outcomes. Feedback sessions were held and outcomes and lessons learned were documented towards ABET accreditation and follow up studies.
Genetic Analysis of Standardized Collections of Cackling and Canada Goose Harvests

Abstract Many states have established special harvest seasons and hunting zones to target overabundant populations of temperate-nesting Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and protect less abundant northern-nesting populations of Canada geese and cackling geese (B. hutchinsii). To meet management needs for spatially and temporally explicit harvest estimates, we utilized established methods of genetic stock identification and standardized harvest sample collections to estimate proportional contributions of cackling (B. h. hutchinsii) and Canada geese (B. c. maxima and B. c. interior) to 5 consecutive annual harvests (1998–2002) in Michigan, USA. Harvest samples (n = 2,272) were analyzed for several seasons at statewide, regional, and local spatial scales. We expanded upon previous studies that used genetic methods to monitor cackling goose and Canada goose harvests by analyzing harvests within regional and local goose management areas. Likelihood ratio tests were also employed to compare harvest composition a...
High-performance IP routing table lookup using CPU caching

Wire-speed IP (Internet Protocol) routers require very fast routing table lookup for incoming IP packets. The routing table lookup operation is time consuming because the part of an IP address used in the lookup, i.e., the network address portion, is variable in length. This paper describes the routing table lookup algorithm used in a cluster-based parallel IP router project called Suez. The innovative aspect of this algorithm is its ability to use CPU caching hardware to perform routing table caching and lookup directly by carefully mapping IP addresses to virtual addresses. By running a detailed simulation model that incorporates the performance effects of the CPU memory hierarchy against a packet trace collected from a major network router, we show that the overall performance of the proposed algorithm can reach 87.87 million lookups per second for a 500-MHz Alpha processor with a 16-KByte L1 cache and a 1-MByte L2 cache. This result is one to two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported results on software-based routing table lookup implementations. This paper also reports the performance impacts of various architectural parameters in the proposed scheme and its storage costs, together with the measurements of an implementation of the proposed scheme on a Pentium-II machine running Linux.
Accurate and efficient generalized born model based on solvent accessibility: derivation and application for LogP octanol/water prediction and flexible peptide docking.

A novel method for fast and accurate evaluation of the generalized Born radii in macromolecular solvation electrostatics calculations is proposed, based on the solvent accessibility of the first two solvation layers around an atom. The reverse generalized Born radii calculated by the method have correlation coefficient of 98.7% and RMSD of 0.031 A 1 with the values obtained using a precise but significantly slower numerical boundary element solution. The method is applied to derive an estimate of the free solvation energy difference between octanol and water and to predict LogP octanol-water. A nine-parameter model is optimized on an 81 compound training set and applied to predict LogPow for an external evaluation set of 19 drug molecules with RMSD of 0.9. The new GB approximation is also tested in Monte Carlo docking simulations of the fully flexible p53 peptide fragment to MDM2. The best energy solution found in the simulations has RMSD of 2.8 A to the X-ray structure.
Social Skills and Problem-solving Training for Children with Early-onset Conduct Problems: Who Benefits?

Families of 99 children with early-onset conduct problems, aged 4–8 years, were randomly assigned to a child training treatment group (CT) utilizing the Incredible Years Dinosaur Social Skills and Problem Solving Curriculum or a waiting-list control group (CON). Post-treatment CT children had significantly fewer externalizing problems at home, less aggression at school, more prosocial behavior with peers, and more positive conflict management strategies than CON children. Significantly more CT than CON children showed clinically significantly improvements on reports and independent observations of aggressive and noncompliant behavior. The differential treatment response was evaluated according to child comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting discipline practices, and family risk factors. The only risk factor related to failure to make improvements in child conduct problems after treatment was negative parenting (i.e., maternal critical statements and physical force). The long-term follow-up 1 year later indicated that most of the significant post-treatment changes were maintained.
ERK5 promotes Src-induced podosome formation by limiting Rho activation.

Increased Src activity, often associated with tumorigenesis, leads to the formation of invasive adhesions termed podosomes. Podosome formation requires the function of Rho family guanosine triphosphatases and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, Src induces changes in gene expression required for transformation, in part by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We sought to determine whether MAPK signaling regulates podosome formation. Unlike extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), ERK5 is constitutively activated in Src-transformed fibroblasts. ERK5-deficient cells expressing v-Src exhibited increased RhoA activation and signaling, which lead to cellular retraction and an inability to form podosomes or induce invasion. Addition of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 to ERK5-deficient cells expressing v-Src led to cellular extension and restored podosome formation. In Src-transformed cells, ERK5 induced the expression of a Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), RhoGAP7/DLC-1, via activation of the transcription factor myocyte enhancing factor 2C, and RhoGAP7 expression restored podosome formation in ERK5-deficient cells. We conclude that ERK5 promotes Src-induced podosome formation by inducing RhoGAP7 and thereby limiting Rho activation.
Structure and extinction of counterflow diffusion flames above condensed fuels: Comparison between poly(methyl methacrylate) and its liquid monomer, both burning in nitrogen–air mixtures

Since poly(methyl methacrylate) is known to depolymerize largely to its monomer when heated, the chemical kinetics in the gaseous diffusion flame produced by this polymer in a fire may coincide with that of burning liquid methyl methacrylate. To test this hypothesis, flat diffusion flames were probed and extinguished adjacent to surfaces of each of these fuels. Profiles of temperature and of concentrations of stable chemical species are reported, as are gas velocities of approach flow required to produce extinction for various oxygen/nitrogen ratios of the stream. Results revealed structural differences attributable to differing thermal properties of the fuels. Many fuel species were observed in the gas phase, their profiles being partially rationalized on the basis of a suggested decomposition mechanism for gaseous methyl methacrylate. Overall kinetic parameters for gasphase combustion, obtained by use of extinction results in a previously developed theory, are nearly the same for the polymer and monomer but appear to differ by amounts exceeding experimental uncertainties. It is suggested that this may be traced to small differences in fuel species leaving the condensed phase which, for the polymer, is covered by a thin, two-phase region.
Computer Simulation Models for Fisheries Research, Management, and Teaching

Abstract Recent and current activities involving large-scale computer simulation models in fisheries science and related areas of applied ecology are reviewed. Selected general references to computer modeling and simulation as well as specific references in resource management and ecology are given. Two types of existing models are described—those developed for investigating benefits and cost of fishery management policies and those for studying fundamental properties of natural animal communities. Use of simulated resource management games as Link trainers to provide students with the type of learning experience that now requires several years in responsible management positions is discussed. It is predicted that the resource management agency of the future will maintain a hierarchy of simulation models to serve as basic planning tools for studying total system response to natural and artificial change.
Do you Facebook?: Networking with students online

Avec plus de 2000 institutions participantes et pres de 9 millions d'utilisateurs enregistres, Facebook est devenu le reseau social en ligne incontournable des etudiants de l'enseignement superieur. Son succes tient a son degre d'exclusivite et de securite, a la flexibilite et aux opportunites de socialisation qu'il propose. Il constitue pour les bibliothecaires un moyen d'atteindre les etudiants et d'accroitre leur visibilite sur le campus.
The Benefits and Drawbacks of Impact Factor for Journal Collection Management in Libraries

Abstract An overview and analysis of the Journal Citation Reports'impact factor is provided here. The historical development, calculation of, and alternatives to impact factor are briefly described. Nine general uses of impact factor, including library collection management decisions, journal rankings, journal decision models, and full-text database evaluation, are discussed. Ten benefits, such as its well-established authority, are listed. Finally, more than a dozen criticisms of citation data in general (e.g., self-citations are counted) and impact factor specifically (e.g., problems with the formula for its calculation) are analyzed. The author concludes that impact factor, if used appropriately and in combination with other criteria, is a valid tool that can assist journal collection management decisions in research libraries.
Ambient Temperature Effects on Tire Rolling Loss

Abstract The temperature of the ambient air surrounding an operating tire is an important component of the complex thermal system producing rolling loss. Rolling loss is defined as the amount of heat generated by the rolling tire per unit distance. Figure 1 indicates that part of this heat is conducted and stored within the tire body, part is dissipated at the tire surface. The dissipated heat is directly affected by the temperature of the ambient air. Since all heat modes are interactive, the ambient air temperature must therefore influence the heat generated by the tire and, hence, its rolling loss. Presently, relations between ambient air temperature and rolling loss can be established only through measurements; mathematical models of tire heat generation and distribution have not reached a stage where they can be easily applied.
Of Katz and "Aliens": Privacy Expectations and the Immigration Raids

This article examines privacy rights for noncitizens in the context of the recent immigration raids in peoples' homes and the workplace. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement office is conducting these raids with general or defective warrants and executes them in a discriminate dragnet-style, mostly against Latinos. The Fourth Amendment, however, provides little protection to immigrants and their families. The author explores how law's construction of immigrants' illegality interplay with Fourth Amendment doctrines of consent, reasonable expectation of privacy, pretextual stops, and administrative searches to deny immigrants privacy's protection. As well, the author explores the spread of immigration databases and the proliferation of federal and local regulation spaces occupied by immigrants within the border to examine the legal justifications for these generalized and defective warrants. The author concludes by urging courts to reconsider reliance on immigrants' unlawful presence in the U.S. to excuse law enforcement abuses and offers several legal and policy reasons in favor of privacy protection for noncitizens.
Cisco and the Kids

The Nasdaq 100 Index is today's reincarnation of the Nifty Fifty. Many of today's institutional favorites feature extraordinary valuations, despite short operating histories, modest revenues, and sparse profits. At the market peak in 1972, Nifty Fifty stocks sold at an average P/E of 37.3 - versus a market multiple of 18.2. At the 2000 peak, the Nasdaq 100 sold at an average P/E multiple roughly six to eight times greater than the highest P/E ever accorded Nifty Fifty stocks. Following a historic stock market correction of more than 70 percent, P/Es for Nasdaq 100 companies remain two to two and a half times higher than peak P/E valuations for the Nifty Fifty.
Physical compatibility of various drugs with neonatal total parenteral nutrient solution during simulated Y-site administration

Purpose The physical compatibility of various drugs with neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solution during simulated Y-site administration was evaluated. Methods Study drugs were selected based on the lack of compatibility data with them and neonatal TPN solution and the frequency of use in a local neonatal unit. These drugs included amiodarone, caffeine citrate, clindamycin, enalaprilat, epinephrine, fluconazole, fosphenytoin sodium, hydrocortisone, metoclopramide, midazolam, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and rifampin. Equal volumes of neonatal TPN solution or sterile water for injection were combined with study drugs or sterile water for injection at concentrations used clinically in neonates. Each test was performed in triplicate. The samples were examined via turbidimetric analysis and visually against light and dark backgrounds immediately after mixing and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours after mixing. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistically significant differences between the test and control solutions. Results Many of the drugs studied exhibited no visual or turbidimetric evidence of incompatibility when combined with neonatal TPN solution for up to three hours in a simulated Y-site injection. Pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and rifampin formed visible precipitation immediately after mixing with the neonatal TPN solution. Conclusion Caffeine citrate, clindamycin, enalaprilat, epinephrine, fluconazole, fosphenytoin sodium, hydrocortisone, metoclopramide, and midazolam exhibited no visual or turbidimetric evidence of incompatibility when combined with a neonatal TPN solution for up to three hours in a simulated Y-site injection. Amiodarone, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and rifampin were not compatible with the neonatal TPN solution and should not be coadministered via Y-site injection. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2013;70:520–4
Rex - A symbolic language for the design and parallel implementationof embedded systems

X language for inlplementing embedded systems should facilitate the developlnent of real-the programs. have clear formal semantics, allow both numeric and symbolic programming, and be easy to implement on parallel hardware. Rex! a LISP-based language that has been used to implement a variety of mobile-robot control programs, satisfies these criteria and is a viable alternative for the implementation of embedded systems. Because Rex uses sequential circuits as its model of computation, it is easily adapted to run on parallel hardware, and may also be used to design custom chips.
Natural Hemolysins in Human Serum

In conducting complement fixation work with human serum, we have commonly used the sheep hemolytic system, altho we knew its imperfection, namely, the presence of variable amounts of natural antisheep hemolysin in human serum. It is important, on account of quantitative factors, to use a hemolytic system which is free from this source of error, that is, the presence of variable amounts of the same hemolysin in the human serum as that used in the hemolytic system. We are aware that many other hemolytic systems have been advocated, such as antihuman, antiox, and antihen, but it was our object to determine more definitely which were the more advantageous from this standpoint. Because of the infrequent occurrence of isohemolysins, the antihuman hemolytic system is the ideal one, except that it is somewhat difficult to prepare in rabbits an antihuman amboceptor of sufficiently high titer to avoid the influence of hemagglutinins. In the Bauer and Hecht-Weinberg modifications of the Wassermann reaction, the natural antisheep amboceptor is utilized and an immune amboceptor is not added. While in some sera a proper dose of hemolytic amboceptor is already present, this factor is variable. Of course, in the presence of a large excess of amboceptor in a serum, hemolysis may be carried too far in any series of tubes containing that serum, in cases of only slight fixation of complement. In other words, with larger amounts of hemolytic amboceptor, smaller amounts of complement are necessary for complete hemolysis and these quantitative factors are of importance in complement fixation reactions. While, however, the importance of natural hemolysins must not be overestimated in view of the common presence of natural antisheep hemolysin in human serum and the widespread use and general satisfaction of an antisheep hemolytic system in the Wassermann syphilis and other complement fixation tests, it may be important on occasions and for certain work to use a hemolytic system in which quantitative relations are not disturbed by the presence of natural hemolysins. This may
Structural investigation of the substituted pyrochlore AgSbO3 through total scattering techniques.

Polycrystalline samples of the pyrochlore series Ag1–xMnxSbO3+x[(n–1)/2] (M = Na, K, and Tl) have been structurally analyzed through total scattering techniques. The upper limits of x obtained were 0.05 for Na, 0.16 for K, and 0.17 for Tl. The Ag+ cation occupies a site with inversion symmetry on a 3-fold axis. When the smaller Na+ cation substitutes for Ag+, it is displaced by about 0.6 A perpendicular to the 3-fold axis to achieve some shorter Na–O bond distances. When the larger Tl+ cation substitutes for Ag+, it is displaced by about 1.14 A along the 3-fold axis and achieves an environment typical of a lone pair cation. Some of the Tl3+ from the precursor remains unreduced, leading to a formula of Ag0.772(1)Tl+0.13(2)Tl3+0.036(1)SbO3.036(1). The position of the K+ dopant was effectively modeled assuming that K+ occupied the same site as Ag+. The expansion of the lattice caused by substitution of the larger K+ and Tl+ cations results in longer Ag–O bond lengths, which would reduce the overlap of the Ag...
A Problem on Inequalities

(1971). A Problem on Inequalities. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 275-276.
Carbon-13 Two Dimensional Chemical Shift Anisotropy Exchange Patterns in Blends of Polyphenylene Oxide and Polystyrene Near the Glass Transition

Two dimensional solid state NMR exchange spectroscopy can be used to monitor slow motions on time scales comparable to dynamical mechanical spectroscopy. Polyphenylene oxide, carbon-13 labeled in a methyl position, was blended with polystyrene. The resulting compatible blends have single thermal glass transitions (Tg) at temperatures between those of the homopolymers. The chemical shift anisotropy line shape of the labeled methyl shows reorientational exchange at temperatures near the thermal glass transition. The 2D exchange pattern contains information on the rate and amplitude of the motion. The data indicate Brownian rotational angular diffusion of the phenylene oxide units with rates in the millisecond to second range. The motional description associated with the glass transition is contrasted with those appropriate to single component polymeric glasses. It is concluded that in the blend system the onset of motion occurs at a lower temperature relative to the DSC Tg than in the homopolymer and there is evidence for considerably more dynamic heterogeneity.
Optic flow stabilizes flight in ruby-throated hummingbirds

Flying birds rely on visual cues for retinal image stabilization by negating rotation-induced optic flow, the motion of the visual panorama across the retina, through corrective eye and head movements. In combination with vestibular and proprioceptive feedback, birds may also use visual cues to stabilize their body during flight. Here, we test whether artificially induced wide-field motion generated through projected visual patterns elicits maneuvers in body orientation and flight position, in addition to stabilizing vision. To test this hypothesis, we present hummingbirds flying freely within a 1.2 m cylindrical visual arena with a virtual surround rotated at different speeds about its vertical axis. The birds responded robustly to these visual perturbations by rotating their heads and bodies with the moving visual surround, and by adjusting their flight trajectories, following the surround. Thus, similar to insects, hummingbirds appear to use optic flow cues to control flight maneuvers as well as to stabilize their visual inputs.
The British Labour Party

In this chapter, I analyse the British Labour Party’s embrace of neoliberal policies during the Blair government. I argue that Labour’s turn to the right was principally the result of a shift to a more passive approach to union–Cparty relations on the part of organized labour. The labour movement’s defensiveness created the opening through which Blair and his colleagues moved to establish a very close relationship with business, to bring the Labour Party into what Motta and Bailey term a ‘neoliberal power network’, actively contributing to the reproduction of neoliberal hegemony.1
Exploring Identity Construction: Considerations of Student Identity Expression in Online Modalities

This teaching activity uses the social networking site Facebook to explore the conception, construction, and expression of personal identity. By asking students to create a fictitious Facebook account that is dissimilar from the way they perceive themselves, students are faced with decisions about how to construct such an identity, as well as how this identity may or may not be perceived by others. Students conclude by presenting their fictitious Facebook profiles to their peers, and then discussing how/why it differs from their "real" self-identities, how/why they made the decisions they did, and so on. Throughout this process, the activity offers potential entry and discussion points for an instructor to clarify or expound upon claims made by students regarding the construction and performance of personal identity. In doing so, it generates an environment of mutual respect, and uses social networking technology to engage students in an academic manner, while also promoting reflexivity beyond the classroom setting alone.
Arnold-Chiari with Myelomeningocele

The outcome of 19 infants with complications of Arnold-Chiari malformation and meningomyelocele was reviewed at the Depts.
State of the ART: Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the United States

This review provides a brief look at the state of the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the United States in 2016. In 2013, the most recent year for which data are available through the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were 190 773 total cycles of ART. Live births ranged from 40.1% per cycle initiated in women younger than 35 years to 4.5% live births per cycle initiated in women older than 42 years. US clinics must report their outcomes to the CDC. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology clinics must report through the SART, which maintains rigorous quality assurance and validation programs. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology member clinics must abide by minimum standards set by the SART and the ASRM, which include educational and other requirements for professionals participating in in vitro fertilization programs as well as standards for the laboratories. Assisted reproductive technology in the United States is a highly regulated field on a voluntary basis with excellent clinical results.