cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pollen source area and representation in small lakes of the northeastern United States

Modern pollen assemblages from 19 small ponds (0.1 to 0.5 hectares) in northern New York and southern New England were compared with forest composition within 20, 100, 500 and 1000 m of the pond shores. Pollen source areas differed substantially among taxa according to pollen dispersal properties. Large, poorly dispersed pollen types (Picea, Tsuga) derived mainly from trees growing 1000 m away. Most Fagus pollen, intermediate in size, came from within 1000 m of the ponds. Pollen source areas and representation were also influenced by spatial distributions of tree populations around individual sites. Local populations of several tree taxa (Fagus, Pinus, Betula, Larix, Thuja, Nyssa) contributed significant amounts of pollen to ponds, necessarily affecting relative pollen representation of more-distant populations of other taxa. However, in spite of this local influence, most pollen collected by the lakes originated from trees > 100 m away, indicating that trunk-space transport and direct deposition from overhanging trees were minor components of pollen transfer compared to atmospheric transport from above the canopy.
Evaluation of the iPad as a low vision aid for improving reading ability.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the iPad as a low vision aid in improving the reading ability of low vision patients (LVPs). METHODS In this study, 228 consecutive patients that came for their routine eye care examination at the University of Florida, Jacksonville eye clinic, were enrolled. Patients met inclusion criteria if they had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 or worse in the best corrected eye and were willing to participate in the study. The patient's reading ability was assessed both with the patient's own spectacles and an iPad. Patients were encouraged to enlarge the reading material as well as change the contrast until they could read comfortably. The number of patients able to read the text comfortably was recorded. RESULTS Out of the total 228 participants who qualified, 103 (45%) were male and 125 (55%) were female. Only 22% could read standard newsprint-sized text (N8) without the help of an iPad. With the help of an iPad, 94% participants with impaired vision were able to read standard newsprint-sized text (N8) or smaller text (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The iPad, a new portable electronic media device, can be adapted by LVPs to improve their reading ability.
Search for Borrelia burgdorferi in kidneys of dogs with suspected "Lyme nephritis"

Background: “Lyme nephritis” is a poorly characterized condition associated with proteinuria and often fatal renal failure in dogs with serological evidence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if intact B. burgdorferi organisms were present in the kidneys of serologically Lyme-positive dogs with histopathologic features of Lyme nephritis. Animals: Twenty-six affected and 10 control dogs were identified over an 8-year period (1996–2004) in databases at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine. Case inclusion required serologic evidence of natural exposure to B. burgdorferi and availability of renal tissue (frozen or paraffin embedded) exhibiting pathology consistent with Lyme nephritis. Methods: Renal tissue samples were assessed using modified Steiner (silver) (MS) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 4 primer sets (eubacterial, B. burgdorferi, Bartonella, and canine genomic DNA), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a 5′-cy3-eubacterial probe for 16S rRNA. Results: MS stain was positive in 1 case; IHC was negative in all cases. None of the B. burgdorferi or Bartonella PCR reactions was positive. Two of the B. burgdorferi FISH analyses were positive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Minimal evidence of the presence of intact B. burgdorferi or any other bacterial organism was found in the renal tissue of dogs with suspected Lyme nephritis. Direct renal invasion by B. burgdorferi organisms does not appear to be responsible for this syndrome.
Citrate sorption and biodegradation in acid soils with implications for aluminum rhizotoxicity

Abstract Citrate and other organic acids play an important role in the rhizosphere and pedogenic processes. Although secreting citrate from roots in response to Al and heavy metal stress has been recognized as a central mechanism for plants to avoid toxicity, the efficiency of root citrate on metal detoxification is still contradictory in acid soil with abundant oxide minerals that serve as a potential sorption site for citrate. The objective of this study was to investigate sorption and biodegradation of citrate in subtropical acid soils with different mineralogical properties. A batch experiment was conducted to assess the possible fates (adsorption and biodegradation) of citrate in the three acid soils (Cecil, Creedmoor and Norfolk) under microbial-active and inactive conditions. Citrate adsorption isotherms for all soils were adequately described by the Freundlich equation with the R 2 value being over 0.90. The Cecil soil had the highest affinity for citrate adsorption among the soils with 99% adsorption observed throughout the citrate concentration range, which was due primarily to the abundant Al and Fe oxides. Citrate sorption to the mineral phase significantly reduced its biodegradation by 56%, 65% and 99% for the Creedmoor, Norfolk and Cecil soils, respectively. The results suggest the efficiency of rhizosphere processes for Al detoxification by root-secreted citrate would be significantly reduced in acid soil with abundant Al and Fe oxides.
Electronic properties of an amorphous solid. II. Further aspects of the theory

A further study is made of the properties of the simple tight-binding Hamiltonian for which Weaire has recently shown that a band gap exists in a tetrahedrally bonded solid regardless of its structure. An exact transformation of the density of states is found which relates it to that generated by a much simpler Hamiltonian, providing, at once, an alternative proof of Weaire's result and a powerful tool for future study of this Hamiltonian. Various generalizations and extensions of the model are discussed. These include the definition of a Hamiltonian appropriate to a compound semiconductor and the generalization of the proof of the existence of a gap to cover this case. The resulting structure-independent formula for the gap, in terms of its homopolar and heteropolar parts, bears a close resemblance to that used in Phillips's semiempirical theory of tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors.
A primary care clinic for the documentation and treatment of human rights abuses

The medical consequences of human rights abuses are an unrecognized dimension of America’s urban health care needs. In the first 2 years of the Human Rights Clinic’s work, primary care physicians have concentrated on providing documentation assistance as well as delivering clinical services. This approach reflects the conviction that such activities serve legitimate health prevention and treatment needs, and can be effectively carried out by medical generalists. The incorporation of a clinical service for torture survivors into a primary care internal medicine residency program represents, in our view, a constructive contribution to an evolving clinical field. It is our hope that the Human Rights Clinic will function as a useful model for health professionals in large urban areas.
Emergency department coverage by academic departments of radiology

Rationale and Objectives. The purpose of this study was to survey academic radiology departments to determine how emergency radiology coverage is handled and whether there are any perquisites for those individuals providing this coverage. Materials and Methods. The authors developed a simple two-page survey and sent it to a total of 608 program directors, chiefs of diagnostic radiology, chairpersons, and chief residents at academic departments of radiology. Results. Of the 608 surveys sent, 278 (46%) were returned. More than half of the departments have an emergency radiology section that provides “wet read” coverage during the day, and most academic departments cover the emergency department during the night and on weekends. Nighttime and weekend coverage is handled mostly by residents. Most departments give time off for lunch, with few other perquisites for faculty who provide emergency coverage. Sixty percent of the departments have teleradiology capability, and many use it for emergency department coverage. Conclusion. These results can serve as the basis for discussion and comparison with other institutions regarding a variety of aspects of emergency department coverage.
Prevention of mechanical stretch-induced endothelial and smooth muscle cell injury in experimental vein grafts.

Abstract Vein grafts are subject to increased tensile stress due to exposure to arterial blood pressure, which has been hypothesized to induce endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) injury. This study was designed to verify this hypothesis and to develop a tissue engineering approach that can be used to prevent these pathological events. Two experimental models were created in rats to achieve these goals: (1) a nonengineered vein graft with increased tensile stress, which was created by grafting a jugular vein into the abdominal aorta using a conventional end-to-end anastomotic technique; and (2) an engineered vein graft with reduced tensile stress, which was created by restricting a vein graft into a cylindrical sheath constructed using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The integrity of ECs in these models was examined by using a silver nitrate staining method, and the integrity of SMCs was assessed by using a fluorescein phalloidin-labeling technique. It was found that nonengineered vein grafts were associated with early EC denudation with a change in EC coverage from 100 percent in normal jugular veins to 36 +/- 10, 28 +/- 12, 18 +/- 9, 44 +/- 15, 80 +/- 13, and 97 +/- 6 percent at 1 and 6 hours and 1, 5, 10, and 30 days, respectively. Similarly, rapid SMC actin filament degradation was found during the early period with a change in SMC coverage from approximately 94 percent in normal jugular veins to 80 +/- 10, 41 +/- 17, 25 +/- 9, 51 +/- 15, 79 +/- 15, 98 +/- 2 percent at 1 and 6 hours and 1, 5, 10, and 30 days, respectively, in nonengineered vein grafts. In engineered vein grafts with reduced tensile stress, EC denudation and SMC actin filament degradation were prevented significantly. These results suggested that mechanical stretch due to increased tensile stress contributed to EC and SMC injury in experimental vein grafts, and these pathological events could be partially prevented when tensile stress was reduced by using a biomechanical engineering approach.
Assessment of paper spray ionization for quantitation of pharmaceuticals in blood spots

Abstract Paper spray uses solvent electrospray to produce gas phase ions from samples deposited on paper or other porous media by applying a high voltage to the wet substrate. The method is amenable to the analysis of small and large molecules and is applied here to pharmaceuticals from dried blood spots, making it potentially useful for quantitation of drugs during clinical trials or for therapeutic drug monitoring in a hospital or clinic. Several topics related to the analytical characteristics of paper spray for analyzing drugs in dried blood spots are explored. (1) The effect of protein–drug interactions was studied by comparing the ratio of propranolol (PRN) and atenolol (ATN), two drugs with widely disparate protein binding properties, in water and in blood and by spiking a deuterated analog of PRN into blood already containing PRN and then allowing the blood to incubate for different lengths of time. In the first experiment, the ratio of PRN to ATN was the same in both water and blood. In the second experiment, the ratio of PRN and PRN d7 was the same regardless of how long the deuterated analog was allowed to equilibrate in the blood. These results suggest that protein binding does not affect analyte signal, and that paper spray therefore measures the total drug concentration in blood at least in this case. (2) Alternative methods for incorporation of the isotopically labeled internal standard (IS), which is needed for quantitative results when analyzing drugs in dried blood spots, were tested. Because it is often not feasible to add the standard to the liquid blood at the point of collection, the IS must be incorporated into the dried blood in some way. The IS PRN d7 was combined with dried blood spots containing PRN in three different ways: by pretreating the paper with an IS solution, by doping the IS into the spray solvent, and by adding an IS solution to a punched out section of a DBS. The variance of the method was less than 8% when the IS was added to the paper either before adding the blood or when adding it afterwards to the dried blood punch. The variance was 16% when the IS was added to the solvent eluent. In all cases, the recovery of PRN was lower than that of the IS. (3) Finally, matrix effects were assessed by measuring the signal obtained for PRN d7 in matrices ranging from neat solution, to blank blood, to blood containing 1 μg/mL of PRN. A neat solution was found to give approximately 10 times higher signal than blood, indicating that suppression of ionization is occurring. The presence of a high concentration of PRN did not affect the response for PRN d7.
Air travel and patients with pulmonary and allergic conditions

Hundreds of millions of passengers fly each year aboard commercial aircraft throughout the world. Air transportation offers an efficient, safe, and, in many instances, necessary form of travel for individuals of all ages and health status. In fact, patients with diverse medical conditions now have the opportunity for increased mobility and travel, whether for business, pleasure, or health reasons. Recent advances in clinical assessment, drug therapy, oxygen supplementation, and rehabilitation programs have stimulated an interest in air travel by patients and in its health effects by physicians.’ During the past decade, new information has been generated about commercial air travel, that is, the environmental characteristics, physiologic and medical effects, preflight evaluation, and in-flight therapy, particularly in relation to patients with chronic respiratory disorders. The temporary but unique environmental stresses presented by highflying, pressurized, commercial jet aircraft and their management will be reviewed with special emphasis on patients with pulmonary and allergic conditions.
Ecological traits predicting amphibian population declines in Central America

Abstract: Amphibian populations are declining on all continents on which they occur, but not all species have been affected equally. Populations of some species are extirpated, others have declined but survive, some have not obviously declined, and some are increasing. If amphibian populations at multiple sites were affected by the same factors, then surviving species should share traits that promote persistence, whereas declining species should share traits that promote susceptibility. Identifying these traits can help diagnose potential causes and thus help to direct conservation actions. Using logistic regression, we quantified the vulnerability of amphibian populations in four areas in Central America. We analyzed a species-specific database of taxonomic identity, geographic and elevational range, elevational distribution, adult and larval habitat, activity period, and maximum adult body size. We found that ( 1 ) all four sites exhibited the same pattern of decline ( there were no interactions between site and other variables ); ( 2 ) declining populations shared aquatic habitats, restricted elevational ranges, and large body sizes; and ( 3 ) there was an interaction between body size and elevational range. The most significant variable in the model was lifetime aquatic index, a factor unrelated to demographic vulnerability and one that therefore might indicate the potential causative agent( s ). Our results provide a predictive model with which to assess potential causes of population declines in other areas, and we generated a list of 52 species predicted to decline at a currently unaffected site in central Panama.
Continuous body and hand gesture recognition for natural human-computer interaction

Intelligent gesture recognition systems open a new era of natural human-computer interaction: Gesturing is instinctive and a skill we all have, so it requires little or no thought, leaving the focus on the task itself, as it should be, not on the interaction modality. We present a new approach to gesture recognition that attends to both body and hands, and interprets gestures continuously from an unsegmented and unbounded input stream. This article describes the whole procedure of continuous body and hand gesture recognition, from the signal acquisition to processing, to the interpretation of the processed signals.Our system takes a vision-based approach, tracking body and hands using a single stereo camera. Body postures are reconstructed in 3D space using a generative model-based approach with a particle filter, combining both static and dynamic attributes of motion as the input feature to make tracking robust to self-occlusion. The reconstructed body postures guide searching for hands. Hand shapes are classified into one of several canonical hand shapes using an appearance-based approach with a multiclass support vector machine. Finally, the extracted body and hand features are combined and used as the input feature for gesture recognition. We consider our task as an online sequence labeling and segmentation problem. A latent-dynamic conditional random field is used with a temporal sliding window to perform the task continuously. We augment this with a novel technique called multilayered filtering, which performs filtering both on the input layer and the prediction layer. Filtering on the input layer allows capturing long-range temporal dependencies and reducing input signal noise; filtering on the prediction layer allows taking weighted votes of multiple overlapping prediction results as well as reducing estimation noise.We tested our system in a scenario of real-world gestural interaction using the NATOPS dataset, an official vocabulary of aircraft handling gestures. Our experimental results show that: (1) the use of both static and dynamic attributes of motion in body tracking allows statistically significant improvement of the recognition performance over using static attributes of motion alone; and (2) the multilayered filtering statistically significantly improves recognition performance over the nonfiltering method. We also show that, on a set of twenty-four NATOPS gestures, our system achieves a recognition accuracy of 75.37p.
Energy Inefficiency of Marine Transportation: Case Study of Flawed Data and Analysis

Policy makers at all levels of government use reports that analyze transportation data for planning, regulation, modeling, and budgeting. The value of a report's analysis is dependent on proper methodology and accurate data. Concerns about the accuracy of transportation data have been raised. A published analysis that represented the energy efficiency of marine transportation compared with other modes of transportation was assessed. The analysis was based on the best available data supplied by a government agency. The methodology, data, and data collection processes used in the case study and other related reports were examined. Recommendations were made for new maritime data collection processes along with changes in data analysis methodology.
Validity of self-reported rheumatoid arthritis in a large cohort: Results from the Black Women's Health Study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which affects approximately 1% of adults (1) and often results in severe pain and disability (2-6). The prevalence of RA increases with age and it is a disease that is two to three times more likely to affect women than men (7). Since incident RA is relatively uncommon, hospital and clinic based epidemiologic studies often face difficulties in enrolling adequate numbers of cases. Large, population-based studies could advance knowledge of the etiology of RA, but they often rely on self-reported diagnosis information. The positive predictive value of self-reported RA has been studied in various populations including the elderly and disabled, and was found to be low, ranging between 21% and 34% (8-10), possibly due in part to confusion with other forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis. In two large population-based studies that investigated risk factors for RA, the Nurse's Health Study and the Iowa Women's Health Study, only 6-7% of self-reported RA diagnoses could be confirmed by medical record review (11,12). To overcome the validity concerns associated with self-reported RA, studies have relied on medical record review to confirm the diagnosis. However, the number of potential cases lost may be substantial because of the difficulty in obtaining consent from study participants to release medical information (11-13). In addition, selective consent to record review could introduce bias in risk factor studies. Therefore, a valid RA case definition based on self-reported information would be very valuable for large questionnaire-based epidemiologic studies. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of three case definitions of RA among African-American women, each based on self-reported data on RA diagnosis and use of arthritis medications. A secondary objective was to determine if supplemental self-reported information based on responses to a validated screening survey increased positive predictive values within the three case groups.
Twitter hashtags for health: applying network and content analyses to understand the health knowledge sharing in a Twitter-based community of practice

We utilize network and content analyses to examine the health-related conversations via Twitter hashtags. The study is an extension of the Leveraging Internet for Knowledge Sharing model to the new Twitter context. The findings show that the conversations involve the themes of knowledge sharing, nurturing relationship (community), and activism/advocacy/promotion (action). The conversation networks are decentralized, with advocates, healthcare providers, and average individuals being the central participants. Conversations flow most frequently between participants of the same healthcare roles, yet there is a considerable amount of conversations from healthcare providers to average consumers, and from average consumers to media. It is also noted that most conversations are not continuous or reciprocal. The findings and their implications are discussed in relation to the characteristics of communities of practice.
Kairos and Cosmic Sympathy in the Church Historian Socrates Scholasticus

The concept of Fortune ( Tychē ) had lain at the very center of traditional pagan thought about history. Herodotus thought that the gods intervened in history to control the course of men's fortunes. His successor Thucydides completely rejected any notion of divine intervention in history, but nevertheless used the word tychē twenty-eight times in his speeches, and eleven times in his narrative sections. He did not imply anything which we today would call supernatural by his use of the word, simply unforeseen chance occurrences which disrupted human plans. Polybius' use of the concept of Fortune was particularly notorious, and a vast literature exists on the question of what this historian in fact meant by the term, and whether he thought of Fortune in different ways at different stages in his own intellectual development .
Relations of Parenting Style and Parental Involvement with Ninth-Grade Students' Achievement

The purposes of this study were to explore the influence of both parenting style (demandingness and responsiveness) and parental involvement on the achievement outcome of early adolescents and to explore the relations both adolescents' and their parents' perceptions ofparenting, and to compare the influence that the differentperceptions have on adolescents' achievement. Subjects were 247 ninth-grade boys and girls and their parents from urban, suburban, and rural communities in the southeast and the midwest. Questionnaire measures of adolescents' and parents' perceptions of maternal and paternal demandingness, responsiveness, and parental involvement were designed for this program of research. Adolescents'reports ofparenting were found to correlate only moderately with parents' reports. Adolescents'(both boys'and girls'), but not parents', reports of parenting significantly predicted their achievement outcome, with parental involvement significantly predicting achievement above and beyond dimensions of pa...
Chapter 2. Collective Burials and Community Memories: Interpreting the Placement of the Dead in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States with Reference to Ethnographic Cases from Indonesia

Burial, the ritual interment of the dead, is guided by cultural ideas and traditions concerning the “afterlife” and continued relationships of the living with ancestors. Mortuary rituals of several stages woven into lengthy ritual cycles are often practiced by societies in which kinship is the principal means of social organization and the sponsorship of feasts advances kin group status. We compare ethnographic examples from Indonesia with archaeological examples from the southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States in order to reconsider some interpretations concerning the meaning of different burial formats and what they indicate about social stratification and religious ritual. Archaeologists should keep in mind that excavated burial formats are only a “snapshot” that may represent an intermediate moment in the mortuary process or “death cycle” rather than a final conclusion. These cycles are what keep the spaces and places of death in motion rather than fixed and final. Spaces of death also warrant more recognition for their often shifting claims about the status of the bereaved, rather than only the status of the deceased. By examining mortuary processes from several areas in Indonesia, where ethnographically documented death rituals are designed to move the recently deceased and their living descendants into a better afterlife location or status, we suggest further possibilities for interpreting Native American mortuary spaces used by people for whom death likely was more a process than a single event.
Breaking Seed Dormancy of Water Lily (Nymphaea Alba L.) Under In Vitro Conditons

ABSTRACTWater lily (Nymphaea alba L.) is an important and popular aquatic perenniel plant. It has been used for ornamental and pharmaceutical purposes in Turkey and various countries. The populations of white water lily have seen rapid erosion in the last few years due to fast urbanization and industrialization that has produced negative effect on the lily's habitats. It is multiplied vegetatively primarily through rhizomes, which produce uniform populations. Multiplication of plants through seeds helps to maintain genetic variability that could be easily used to preserve the species in an effective way. Multiplication of plants through seeds is difficult due to development of dormancy with the passage of time. The results of the study showed that the fresh seeds of the species gave highest germination on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l IAA. However, the seeds that were stored for five months at 40C failed to germinate on medium containing 1 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l IAA, either used alone or combine...
A New Carbide‐Base Cermet Containing Tic, TiB2, and CoSi

A new high-temperature material with excellent stress-sustaining characteristics at 1800°F. has been developed. The weight per cent composition of this Tic-base cermet is 55.4 TIC + 17.9 TiB2+ 16.7 Co + 10 Si, and the principal phases present after sintering are Tic, TiB2, and CoSi. The research on and development of this material and some of its physical properties are discussed.
Cues to Infidelity

This research sought to identify cues to a long-term partner's sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity. In Study 1, 204 participants nominated acts that evoke suspicions of sexual or emotional infidelity. In Study 2, 230 participants evaluated these acts on how diagnostic each was of sexual and emotional infidelity. Factor analysis revealed 14 factors of cues, including Anger and Argumentativeness, Exaggerated Affection, Sexual Boredom, and Relationship Dissatisfaction. Twelve factors were differentially diagnostic of sexual versus emotional infidelity. Sexual Boredom, for example, was more diagnostic of sexual infidelity, whereas Relationship Dissatisfaction was more diagnostic of emotional infidelity. Men and women provided higher diagnosticity ratings for acts performed by an opposite-sex versus same-sex target. For ratings collapsed across sex of target, however, women provided higher diagnosticity ratings than did men. Discussion integrates results with previous research on infidelity and suggests...
Coordination of multiple mobile manipulators

We present a novel modeling framework and control algorithms for multiple mobile manipulators cooperatively grasping and transporting an object. The planning and control tasks are decentralized, and the framework explicitly incorporates the protocols used to coordinate the robots in the team. The framework is flexible in the sense that it scales with the number of robots and controllers. Preliminary experimental results for teams of two-three robots are shown, while simulation results are used to illustrate the extensions of our approach to larger teams.
Lerner-based non-uniform filter-banks and some of their applications

A design process is described which starts with a prototype resonator-based uniform filter-bank, whose bandpass outputs have poor stopband characteristics, and applies the concept of Lerner grouping of adjacent channels to develop a uniform filter-bank with much better bandpass characteristics. For applications requiring the lower frequencies of the input signal to be resolved more accurately than the higher frequencies, the Lerner based uniform filter-bank may be converted to a nonuniform one by applying an allpass transformation; the merit of using such a transformation is that it retains the good magnitude characteristics of the bandpass channels. The main difference between the present design procedure and that of G. Doblinger (1991) is the manner in which the allpass transformation is applied. Further, unlike previous work, the filter-bank designed here has the property that the sum of the bandpass channels is an allpass function. The implementation of the filter-bank is also considered. The primary additional application of the nonuniform channel-bank examined here is frequency-domain adaptive filtering. >
A Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded microRNA Regulates Expression of Multiple Viral Genes Involved in Replication

Although multiple studies have documented the expression of over 70 novel virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs), the targets and functions of most of these regulatory RNA species are unknown. In this study a comparative bioinformatics approachwasemployedtoidentifypotentialhumancytomegalovirus(HCMV)mRNAtargetsofthevirus-encodedmiRNA miR-UL112-1. Bioinformatics analysis of the known HCMV mRNA 39 untranslated regions (UTRs) revealed 14 potential viral transcripts that were predicted to contain functional target sites for miR-UL112-1. The potential target sites were screened using luciferase reporters that contain the HCMV 39UTRs in co-transfection assays with miR-UL112-1. Three of the 14 HCMV miRNA targets were validated, including the major immediate early gene encoding IE72 (UL123, IE1), UL112/113, and UL120/121. Further analysis of IE72 regulation by miR-UL112-1 with clones encoding the complete major immediate early region revealed that the IE72 39UTR target site is necessary and sufficient to direct miR-UL112-1-specific inhibition of expression in transfected cells. In addition, miR-UL112-1 regulation is mediated through translational inhibition rather than RNA degradation. Premature expression of miR-UL112-1 during HCMV infection resulted in a significantdecreaseingenomicviralDNAlevels,suggestingafunctionalroleformiR-UL112-1inregulatingtheexpression ofgenesinvolvedinviralreplication.ThisstudydemonstratestheabilityofaviralmiRNAtoregulatemultipleviralgenes. Citation:GreyF,MeyersH,WhiteEA,SpectorDH,NelsonJ(2007)Ahumancytomegalovirus-encodedmicroRNAregulatesexpressionofmultipleviralgenesinvolvedinreplication.
One-dimensional noble metal electrocatalysts: a promising structural paradigm for direct methanol fuel cells

In this perspective, the catalytic shortfalls of contemporary DMFCs are discussed in the context of the materials that are currently being employed as electrocatalysts in both the anode and cathode. In light of these shortfalls, the inherent advantages of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are highlighted so as to demonstrate their potential as efficient, robust, and active replacements for contemporary nanoparticulate electrocatalysts. Finally, we review in detail the recent applications of 1D nanostructured electrocatalysts as both anodes and cathodes, and explore their potentially promising results towards improving DMFC efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In the case of cathode electrocatalysts, our group has recently prepared both 200 nm platinum nanotubes and ultrathin 2 nm platinum nanowires, which evinced two-fold and seven-fold enhancements in area specific ORR activity, respectively, as compared with contemporary commercial Pt nanoparticles. Similarly, the development of one-dimensional anodic electrocatalysts such as alloyed PtRu and PtCo nanowires, hierarchical Pt~Pd nanowires, and segmented PtRu systems have yielded promising enhancements towards methanol oxidation.
Generation of carbon nanofilaments on carbon fibers at 550 °C

Abstract Employing a relatively new method, in which carbon structures are grown from fuel rich combustion mixtures using palladium particles as catalyst, multi-scale diameter nanometer – micrometer filament structures were grown from ethylene/oxygen mixtures at 550 °C on commercial PAN micrometer carbon fibers. The filaments formed had a diameter roughly equal to the palladium particle size. At sufficiently high metal loadings (>0.05 wt.%) a bimodal catalyst size distribution formed, hence a bimodal filament size distribution was generated. Relative short, densely spaced nanofilaments (ca. 10 nm diameter), and a slightly less dense layer of larger (ca. 100 nm diameter) faster growing fibers (ca. 10 μm/h) were found to exist together to create a unique multi-scale structure. A protocol was developed such that only nano-scale fibers or a mixture of nano and sub-micron fibers could be produced. No large range order was evident in the filaments. This work demonstrates a unique ability to create a truly ’multi-scale ’ carbon structure on the surface of carbon fibers. This fiber structure potentially can enhance composite material strength, ductility and energy absorption characteristics.
The importance of localized culling in stabilizing chronic wasting disease prevalence in white-tailed deer populations

Strategies to contain the spread of disease often are developed with incomplete knowledge of the possible outcomes but are intended to minimize the risks associated with delaying control. Culling of game species by government agencies is one approach to control disease in wild populations but is unpopular with hunters and wildlife enthusiasts, politically unpalatable, and erodes public support for agencies responsible for wildlife management. We addressed the functional differences between hunting and government culling programs for managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in white-tailed deer by comparing prevalence over a 10-year period in Illinois and Wisconsin. When both Illinois and Wisconsin were actively culling from 2003 - 2007, there were no statistical differences between state CWD prevalence estimates. Wisconsin government culling concluded in 2007 and average prevalence over the next five years was 3.09 ± 1.13% with an average annual increase of 0.63%. During that same time period, Illinois continued government culling and there was no change in prevalence throughout Illinois. Despite its unpopularity among hunters, localized culling is a disease management strategy that can maintain low disease prevalence while minimizing impacts on recreational deer harvest.
Effect of food composition and temperature on in situ feeding rates of ctenophore invader Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz

The feeding rates of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi were estimated using the data of the abundance and food composition in the inshore waters of the northwestern Black Sea in 2009–2010. The clearance rate varied in regard to the different foods. The maximum rates were observed when M. leidyi consumed Bivalvia veligers (400 L ind.−1 day−1); the minimum rates were observed when it fed on Copepoda (35 L ind.−1 day−1). The feeding rate increased in accordance with the water temperature in the range from 13°C to 27°C, but dropped when the temperature was higher than 27–28°C. These data were used to calculate the predatory impact of the M. leidyi population on the different groups of its prey and on the zooplankton community in total. The predatory pressure on each prey group and on the zooplankton community was significantly lower for the period of 2009–2010 compared to the previous years. This indicated the decrease in the predatory pressure of the M. leidyi population on the zooplankton community.
Collaboration as innovation: why technical communicators should be members of the software development team

The author offers a theoretical basis for diversity in group problem-solving activities and draws the conclusion that a nontechnical person can be, and should be, a fully functioning member of the software development team. By 'fully functioning', the author means that the technical communicator should be involved, from the beginning, in the problem-solving, idea-generating efforts of the design team. The author's research shows that including the technical communicator in the software development community can improve the design and development process, as well as the quality of both the product and the documentation that supports it. >
Broadband Visible Fiber Sources Using 1550-nm-Converted Cherenkov Radiation with Gaussian-Like Spectra

We have developed fiber-based Cherenkov radiation sources emitting broadband pulses with nJ-level pulse energy, 50-mW-level average power, and isolated Gaussian-like spectra of ~40-nm FWHM bandwidth in the visible free of non-specific supercontinuum emission.
Multi-Junction Solar Cell Spectral Tuning with Quantum Dots

We have theoretically analyzed the potential efficiency improvement to multi-junction solar cell efficiencies which are available through the incorporation of quantum dot using detailed balance calculations. We have also experimentally investigated the Stranski-Krastanov growth of self-organized InAs quantum dots and quantum dot arrays on lattice-matched GaAs by metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The morphology of the quantum dots were investigated as a function of their growth parameters by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Photluminescence and optical absorption measurements have demonstrated that the incorporation of InAs quantum dots (QD) into a GaAs structure can provide sub-GaAs bandgap electronic states.
Polycythemia: A Review Article and Case Report of Erythrocytosis Secondary to Wilms' Tumor

We describe a child with Wilms' tumor whose only finding at presentation was polycythemia. A review of the mechanism of erythropoiesis regulation as well as the differential diagnosis, work-up, and management of polycythemia in children is presented. Our report emphasizes the need for a thorough evaluation of children who present with polycythemia.
A survey of codes for partial response channels

The author gives a brief summary of partial response systems as they apply to magnetic recording systems. A summary of coding techniques useful for partial response systems is given. Most magnetic recording systems in use today use peak detection and thus employ some type of modulation code to control the peak shift. Currently, there is a great deal of interest in partial response systems. Codes will also be used with these systems, but they could be very different in nature from the modulation codes used today. Several types of codes for use with partial response equalization are surveyed. >
From Mining to Garment Workshops: Bolivian Migrants in Buenos Aires

Based on case-study material from Bolivian migration to Argentina, this article analyses the ways in which gender and ethnicity influence niche formation by exploring the role of social networks. It starts by making the link between niche formation and social networks, before analysing the ways in which migrants’ labour market insertion in Argentina is gendered. Migrants’ life stories and a survey of a community of ex-miners show that a higher proportion of women than men work in the Argentine garment sector. The data also show that migrant women and men do not have equal access to social networks. However, this unequal access does not, in itself, fully explain women's greater clustering in garment work. Rather, the article suggests that labour market segregation and the articulation of gender, class and ethnicity, as well as migration status, provide women with few alternatives.
Strategic Interaction Among Governments: An Overview of Empirical Studies:

This article provides an overview of empirical models of strategic interaction among governments. To clarify the theoretical roots of such studies, the discussion shows how the empirical frameworks fit into two broad categories: spillover models and resource-flow models. Both types of models generate jurisdictional reaction functions, and the empirical task is to estimate such functions. When the estimated reaction-function slope is nonzero, the presence of strategic interaction is confirmed. The second part of the article reviews three econometric issues relevant to this estimation problem.
A Study of the Inhibitory Concentrations of Various Sugars and Polyols on the Growth of Microorganisms

A comparison of the inhibitory concentrations pf various sugars and polyols on the growth of various organisms has been made. Glycerin was found to have a lower inhibitory concentration than levulose and dextrose. Sorbitol and invert sugar inhibit the growth of organisms in a concentration lower than that required with sucrose. The inhibitory effect of each substance is believed to be largely one of osmotic pressure.
Raccoon roundworm encephalitis

Raccoon roundworm encephalitis is a rare but devastating infection characterized by progressive neurological decline despite attempted therapy. Patients present with deteriorating neurological function, eosinophilia, and history of pica or geophagia resulting in ingestion of the parasite. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate nonspecific findings of progressive white matter inflammation and cortical atrophy.
Threshold voltage for electrical tree inception in underground HV transmission cables

Experimental evidence is provided to show that irreversible aging which leads to electrical treeing in polymeric insulation such as low-density and crosslinked polyethylene used in HV transmission cables, does not start at local fields between 5 and 20 kV/mm. It is shown that a much higher stress is required for electrical tree inception and that the electroluminescence inception voltage is the threshold voltage at which the polymer starts to degrade. >
Fast skew number computation using a CAM and related hardware for an n-bit context predictor

An efficient way of calculating skew numbers for a binary arithmetic coder using a content-addressable memory (CAM) with ternary storage capabilities is presented. A predictor unit consisting of the CAM, context counters, MPS flags, a history buffer and a context mask, is proposed. Results are provided for an implementation which uses the coherent processor.< >
The Making of the Pundit, 2010: When Strong Ties Trump Weak Ones

Motivated by an experience serving as a “campaign manager” for a colleague’s online bid to become the Washington Post ’s “Next Great Pundit,” I present an argument showing when reliance on Internet–based social networking tools (such as Facebook and Twitter) may lead campaigns to perform more poorly than those which can use old-fashioned retail politics.
Conservative treatment of a large radicular cyst: report of case.

A large radicular cyst that apparently caused root resorption was healed by conservative techniques in a patient who had been treated recently for a neo-plastic disease.
Sexual dimorphism in Nautilus from Palau

Shells of 375 sexed specimens of Nautilus cf. N. pompilius trapped at 300-700 ft (90-215 m) depth off Mutremdiu Point and Ngemelis Island, Palau, exhibit distinctive dimorphism in shell proportion and overall size. Of 221 mature animals, males have larger shells (mean diameter _ 209 mm), a broader aperture (mean maximum width - 99 mm; mean width at apertural salient = 92 mm) and greater weight (mean shell + body weight = 1426 gmi). Female shells are smaller (mean diameter = 198 mm), narrower (mean maximum width = 91 mm; mean apertural salient width = 81 mm) and the overall weight is less (mean = 1157 gm). Dimorphic differences are not apparent in young shells (less than 180 mm diameter), but develop during the final 1/2 to 1/4 whorl. This is accompanied by development of the spadix in males, indicating that shell dimorphism reflects sexual maturity. Of 375 animals trapped, 28%o were female; no depth segregation was apparent. Traditional identification of larger fossil dimorphic cephalopods as females and smaller forms as males is the reverse of observed dimorphism in Nautilus and should be discontinued in favor of macroconch and microconch designations.
Baseline Model Establishment for a Bridge: II. Static Load Testing

Truck load testing is a field experimentation technique used widely for bridge load rating. For new bridge infrastructure, a baseline model developed through dynamic or static load testing can be used as a reference for long-term structural performance monitoring. This paper presents a study of truck load testing on a hybrid HPS steel girder bridge. The negative moment region of the girder is composed of HPS 100W steel in the flanges and HPS 70W steel in the web. A non-contact laser sensing technique was used to measure bridge deformation under static loads. The experimental results were compared with a numerical model for validation purposes. Static load testing, along with dynamic analysis reported in a companion paper, was used to create benchmark information for this structure that will be useful for future bridge inspection.
Hepatic Xanthine Oxidase and Ferritin Iron in the Developing Rat

The absence of hepatic xanthine oxidase in the fetus and newborn rat is associated with a very high liver ferritin iron content. Soon after birth hepatic xanthine oxidase activity increases significantly coincident with a marked decrease in liver ferritin iron content. At weaning, hepatic ferritin iron is very low but slowly rises subsequent to intake of a normal diet containing iron.
On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum: 2014

The understanding of Hagedorn’s pivotal discovery, the exponential mass spectrum, evolved rapidly. Some of the insights have since been lost from view—I recall the relevance of the preexponential power index a. Moving forward to current lattice QCD computation of QGP properties I describe an emerging relationship.