cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy in Abdominal and Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases.

Purpose/Objective(s) This study characterizes the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with immunotherapy in the treatment of abdominal and pelvic lymph node metastases, based on a pooled analysis of three prospective phase I trials. While SBRT is frequently utilized for metastases, its role in the treatment of abdominal and pelvic lymphadenopathy remains unclear. We hypothesize that local control will remain excellent for nodal SBRT, even with prioritization of organ-at-risk (OAR) constraints resulting in undercoverage of target metastases and with omission of elective treatment of regional nodal basins. Materials/Methods Patients with widely metastatic solid malignancies were enrolled on three Phase I trials between 2016 and 2020 (total 213 patients). Patients were treated with multisite SBRT (up to 4 sites). Metastases > 65cc were partially treated. Immunotherapy was administered either concurrently or sequentially. Immunotherapy regimens included pembrolizumab, ipilimumab with nivolumab, urelumab with nivolumab, or cabiralizumab with nivolumab. The study cohort included patients who underwent SBRT to at least one lymph node in the abdomen or pelvis, including the inguinal regions. Local control (LC) of irradiated metastases and regional control (RC) of the corresponding nodal basin were determined per RECIST 1.1 guidelines. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. For each irradiated lesion, the mean dose, V95%, and V100% to the ITV and PTV were recorded. Results A total of 39 patients (mean age 59.2 years) underwent SBRT to 56 abdominal or pelvic lymph node metastases with median follow-up of 16.2 months. The median prescription dose was 45 Gy in 3 fractions. Median lesion volume was 17.0cc. Lymph node sites included 24 para-aortic/retroperitoneal (43%), 9 pelvic (16%), 11 inguinal (20%), 10 gastrohepatic/porta hepatis (18%), and 2 other (4%). Across all patients, the 1-year LC was 90.4%. Even without elective treatment of the corresponding nodal basins, 1-year RC was 81.9% (with only one isolated regional failure without concomitant distant progression). Median OS was 25 months, while 1-year and 2-year OS were 69.9% and 53.2%, respectively. ITV mean dose, V95%, and V100% were 47.3 Gy, 95.3%, and 89.5%, respectively (reported as medians across all 56 metastases). PTV mean dose, V95%, and V100% were 45.5 Gy, 84.2%, and 75.0%, respectively. The overall incidence of grade 3+ toxicity was 10.3%. The incidence of grade 3 colitis was 2.6% and grade 3 hepatitis was 2.6%, with no grade 4-5 colitis/hepatitis events. Conclusion In this pooled analysis of three prospective trials, SBRT to abdominal or pelvic lymph node metastases with immunotherapy is associated with acceptable toxicity and high rates of LC, even with target undercoverage to meet OAR constraints. This suggests a potential for this approach in clinical practice and study in future trials.
Soyin, a toxic protein from the soybean. II. Physical characterization.

Summary A procedure is described for the preparation of soyin from defatted soybean flour. The following physical constants have been provisionally established: isoelectric point, 6.1; diffusion constant ( D 20 ), 5.72 × 10 −7 sq. cm./sec.; sedimentation constant ( s 20 ), 6.4 × 10 −13 sec.; molecular weight, 105,000; frictional ratio ( f/f 0 ), 1.19. The molecular weight calculated on the basis of light-scattering measurements gave the somewhat lower value of 89,000. This disparity in molecular weights is presumably due to the presence of a small amount of a low-molecular impurity which was apparent in the sedimentation studies but could not be detected by electrophoretic or diffusion techniques.
Complexity Formalisms, Order and Disorder in the Structure of Art

Order and disorder appear to be opposite extremes in a spectrum of structural types, yet they both contain little that is intuitively complex. Intuitions about complexity can be used as a basis for developing a formal theory that is both sufficiently precise to define an algorithmic framework for creating visual and aural art, and is sufficiently open to serve as an interpretative basis for describing how complexity can dominate the range of observed artistic expression. A formal theory of complexity is presented in this paper that is derived from graph theory and that fits well with several basic intuitions about complexity. Experiments in the automatic production of aural and visual artworks are described that utilize this theory to select, within an evolutionary model, among a population of rules systems for those that occupy a specific contour of complexity. The rule-like nature of the language of expression is surmised to be constrained by an abstract complexity limitation similar to this one.
Factors Influencing Senior Athletic Training Students' Preparedness to Enter the Workforce

Context: Athletic training education programs must provide the student with opportunities to learn the roles and responsibilities of the athletic trainer. Objective: Investigate factors that help p...
Enhancement of output electric power in switched reluctance generators

This paper introduces a new switching strategy to increase overall productivity for a switched reluctance generator (SRG). This paper presents the idea of using an intermediate freewheeling mode to boost the magnetizing current without taking additional energy from the DC link. Once the optimal motional back-EMF is established, then both switches will be turned off. Although during the freewheeling process no electricity is generated, by proper timing of each region an overall enhancement in productivity of the SRG is achieved. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed technique, simulation results are provided. These simulations take into account the switching losses caused by semiconductor devices.
Interneurons in the developing human neocortex.

Cortical interneurons play a crucial role in the functioning of cortical microcircuitry as they provide inhibitory input to projection (pyramidal) neurons. Despite their involvement in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, our knowledge about their development in human cerebral cortex is still incomplete. Here we demonstrate that at the beginning of corticogenesis, at embryonic 5 gestation weeks (gw, Carnegie stage 16) in human, early neurons could be labeled with calretinin, calbindin, and GABA antibodies. These immunolabeled cells show a gradient from the ganglionic eminences (GE) toward the neocortex, suggesting that GE is a well conserved source of early born cortical interneurons from rodents to human. At mid-term (20 gw), however, a subset of calretinin+ cells proliferates in the cortical subventricular zone (SVZ), suggesting a second set of interneuron progenitors that have neocortical origin. Neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, or parvalbumin cells are sparse in mid-term cerebral cortex. In addition to the early source of cortical interneurons in the GE and later in the neocortical SVZ, other regions, such as the subpial granular layer, may also contribute to the population of human cortical interneurons. In conclusion, our findings from cryosections and previous in vitro results suggest that cortical interneuron progenitor population is more complex in humans relative to rodents. The increased complexity of progenitors is probably evolutionary adaptation necessary for development of the higher brain functions characteristic to humans. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 18–33, 2011
Differential effects of diethylstilbestrol and estradiol-17β in combination with testosterone on rat prostate lobes

Treatment of Noble rats with separate silastic implants containing testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) for 16 weeks has previously been shown to induce multifocal epithelial dysplasia, a putative preneoplastic lesion, consistently in the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) but not in the ventral prostate (VP). We now studied effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) substituted for E2 on these prostate lobes under the same conditions of exogenous androgen support. Three-week treatments with one 1-cm-long silastic implant of E2 or DES were approximately equipotent in changing target-organ weights and plasma prolactin. Accordingly, rats received for 16 weeks one 1-cm-long E2 or DES implant and two 2-cm-long T implants. In contrast to T + E2, T + DES induced widespread multifocal VP dysplasia and less or no DLP dysplasia. A serum-free explant-culture assay was used to determine uptake and metabolic disposition of 3H-labeled 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), T, and E2. Dysplastic VP explants incubated with 1.7 microM 1 beta-3H-labeled DHT and T accumulated more 3H-labeled steroid, metabolized 69 and 50% less substrate to terminal hydroxylated metabolites, and thereby formed and retained up to eight times as much estrogenic metabolite 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-androstanediol) and its lipoidal derivative than control VP. Experimental DLP explants did not form or retain more 3 beta-[3H]androstanediol than control DLP irrespective of treatments. Control VP metabolized [2-3H]E2 more actively to estrone than DLP. Dysplastic VP, however, metabolized one-half and accumulated five times as much E2 as VP and did not release more 3H as a marker of the 2,3-catechol estrogen pathway. These data suggest that differential target-tissue bioavailability of the estrogen component of the protracted dual-hormone stimulus determines in which prostate lobe dysplasia develops.
Compact, Portable Vertical Gill Net System

Abstract A simple vertical gill net system is described that is easily portable, quickly deployed, and occupies little on-boat space. Ethafoam rollers on a steel axle buoy the net. Removable outriggers support the rollers as the net is raised or lowered with a portable crank fitted to the roller axle. The boat can accommodate other uses while nets are set.
Role of coliphage M13 gene 5 in single-stranded DNA production

Abstract The phage M13 gene 5 protein is shown to play a negative role in the production of viral single-stranded DNA. This protein blocks the function of a DNA polymerase which is capable of converting intracellular single strands to double-stranded replicative form molecules.
Temperature dependence of YAG:Cr3+ fluorescence lifetime up to 550 K

Abstract A simple theoretical model of the temperature dependence of the YAG:Cr3+ fluorescence lifetime has been developed, and been applied to the published experimental data in the temperature region up to 550 K. The results support the estimation of Hehir et al. of the separation of the 4T2 and 2E levels of ~ 1000 cm -1 in preference to that of Sevast'yanov et al. who gave a value of ~ 2200 cm-1 for this parameter. It has been concluded that the phonon induced transitions between 2E and 4A2 states have a significant effect in the lifetime of the YAG:Cr3+ fluorescence at low temperatures, in accordance with the results of the proposed model.
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the primate corpus luteum by prostaglandin F2 alpha.

The current study was designed to investigate the ability of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) to activate a second messenger system (phosphatidylinositol pathway) in corpora lutea (CL) of rhesus monkeys. Activation of this pathway was assessed by monitoring the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol to inositol phosphates. Since inositol triphosphate mobilizes intracellular Ca2+, intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were also assessed in individual cells by fura-2 fluorescence photometry. These responses to PGF2 alpha were measured in luteal cells collected from nonpregnant rhesus monkeys. CL were collected during the early (days 4-5 after estimated LH surge; n = 4), mid (days 8-9; n = 4), and late (days 13-14; n = 5) luteal phase and 1 day after in vivo hCG treatment (15 IU/dose, morning and evening), which began during the midluteal phase (n = 5). PGF2 alpha significantly increased the accumulation of inositol phosphates in all groups (P less than 0.05), except the midluteal phase (P = 0.0...
High abundance of Archaea in Antarctic marine picoplankton

Archaea (archaebacteria) constitute one of the three major evolutionary lineages of life on Earth. Previously these prokaryotes were thought to predominate in only a few unusual and disparate niches, characterized by hypersaline, extremely hot, or strictly anoxic conditions. Recently, novel (uncultivated) phylotypes of Archaea have been detected in coastal and subsurface marine waters, but their abundance, distribution, physiology and ecology remain largely undescribed. Here we report exceptionally high archaeal abundance in frigid marine surface waters of Antarctica. Pelagic Archaea constituted up to 34% of the prokaryotic biomass in coastal Antarctic surface waters, and they were also abundant in a variety of other cold, pelagic marine environments. Because they can make up a significant fraction of picoplankton biomass in the vast habitats encompassed by cold and deep marine waters, these pelagic Archaea represent an unexpectedly abundant component of the Earth's biota.
Theoretical model for excited-state absorbtion

For long incident pulses, measurement of two-photon absorption coefficients can be complicated by excited-state absorption. We develop here a quantitative ab initio model to determine the contribution of excited-state absorption in the interpretation of the two-photon absorption data for such materials. We present representative calculations of this effect for some selected systems. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 80: 1039–1042, 2000
On the regiospecificity of vanadium bromoperoxidase.

Vanadium haloperoxidase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of halide ions by hydrogen peroxide, producing an oxidized intermediate, which can halogenate an organic substrate or react with a second equivalent of hydrogen peroxide to produce dioxygen. Haloperoxidases are thought to be involved in the biogenesis of halogenated natural products isolated from marine organisms, including indoles and terpenes, of which many are selectively oxidized or halogenated. Little has been shown concerning the ability of the marine haloperoxidases to catalyze regioselective reactions. Here we report the regiospecific bromoperoxidative oxidation of 1,3-di-tert-butylindole by V-BrPO from the marine algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Corallina officinalis. Both enzymes catalyze the regiospecific oxidation of 1,3-di-tert-butylindole in a reaction requiring both H(2)O(2) and Br(-) as substrates, but which produce the unbrominated 1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-indolinone product exclusively, in near quantitative yield (i.e. one H(2)O(2) consumed per product). By contrast, reactions with the controlled addition of aqueous bromine solution (HOBr = Br(2) = Br(3)(-)) produce three monobromo and one dibromo-2-indolinone products, all of which differ from the V-BrPO-catalyzed product. Further, reactivities of 1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-indolinone with both aqueous bromine and V-BrPO differ significantly and shed light onto the possible nature of the oxidizing intermediate. This is the first example of a regiospecific bromination by a vanadium haloperoxidase and further extends their usefulness as catalysts.
Bubble transport theory with application to the upper ocean

The formalism of transport theory is adapted to a general description of bubble populations in a moving fluid. The bubble distribution, as a function of position, velocity, radius and time, satisfies a Boltzmann-type transport equation that is derived and then formally solved by the method of characteristics. In order to apply this new analytical tool to the specific problem of gas bubble transport in the upper ocean, an ocean model and a bubble dynamics model must be chosen. For the purpose of illustration, explicit solutions are written, for distributed sources in a stationary ocean with simple expressions for bubble gas diffusion and drag. Calculated results clarify the relations between observed bubble distributions at sea, proposed bubble source mechanisms and known models of single-bubble dynamics.
The effect of variation in parameters of the male calling song of the katydid, Amblycorypha parvipennis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), on female phonotaxis and phonoresponse

After being placed equidistant from playbacks of two computer-generated male calls, females of the katydidAmblycorypha parvipennis preferentially moved toward call phrases that were louder, longer, and “leading” (initiated without being overlapped by other call phrase endings). Because earlier tests with calling males had indicated that male mating success was related to these call parameters, we suggest that mating success is partly a result of female choice. Females also preferentially responded to the initial, rather than the latter, half of male phrases. Results of other tests suggested that females were responding to increased phonatome rate characteristic of the first half of the phrase. Males may compete to lead in order to prevent jamming of initial phrase information. Females also preferentially phonoresponded (“ticked”) in response to longer phrases. In earlier studies of male mating success and female phonotaxis using live males, male weight, sound level, and leading were intercorrelated; however, none of these parameters were correlated with phrase length. We suggest that females may respond to different call parameters under different environmental conditions.
Outcomes comparison of HeRO and lower extremity arteriovenous grafts in patients with long-standing renal failure

Objective The Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) graft is becoming a recognized alternative to lower extremity arteriovenous grafts (LEAVGs) as an option for patients who have exhausted traditional upper extremity access; however, which should be applied preferentially is unclear. Methods A retrospective review of LEAVG and HeRO implants from January 2004 to August 2010 was performed. Patient demographics, medical history, procedural data, and outcomes were evaluated. Results Within the time periods, 60 HeROs were placed in 59 patients and 22 LEAVGs were placed in 21 patients. Demographics were similar between the two groups for many factors; however, the patients who underwent HeRO placement had significantly higher body mass index compared with the LEAVG group. Mean follow-up was 13.9 months for the HeRO group and 11.9 months for the LEAVG group. The HeRO patients underwent a mean of 6.3 previous tunneled dialysis catheter insertions and 3.1 previous AVG/arteriovenous fistula placements. The LEAVG patients underwent placement of a mean of 4.1 previous tunneled dialysis catheters and 2.6 previous AVG/arteriovenous fistulas. The principal difference was the number of interventions to maintain patency, which was 2.21 per year in the HeRO group and 1.17 per year in the AVG group (P = .003) Secondary patency at 6 months was 77% for the HeRO patients and 83% for the LEAVG patients (P = .14). The HeRO and LEAVG groups had no difference in infection rate per 1000 days (0.61 vs 0.71; P = .77) or mortality rate (22% vs 19% respectively; P = .22) at 6 months. Conclusions In access challenged patients, LEAVG and HeRO offer similar rates of secondary patency, infection, and all-cause mortality. The LEAVG required fewer interventions to maintain patency, and the HeRO maintains the benefit of utilizing the upper extremity site of venous drainage. In our practice, we prefer the HeRO to LEAVG, especially in patients with peripheral arterial disease and in the obese population, because it preserves lower extremity access options.
The thrill can kill : Murder by methylation

Why babies of crack-cocaine mothers develop heart problems has always been a mystery. In this issue of Molecular Pharmacology, Zhang et al. (p. 1319) show that a specific methylation occurs at the protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) promoter of the babies born of mother rats exposed to cocaine. This reduces the expression of PKCepsilon, a naturally cardioprotective enzyme, which provides a plausible molecular mechanism for cardiac failure.
Garland formation process in electrospinning

Abstract The electrospinning technique has become a widely used method to produce nanofibers. Much experimental and theoretical work has been done to investigate the electrospinning process. A typical path of a single jet of polymer solution begins with a straight segment, and then a bending instability generates coils inside a cone shaped envelope. The jet elongates and becomes thinner, and dries into a nanofiber. Polystyrene solutions with different salt concentrations were electrospun to investigate the effect of changing the electrical conductivity on the fibers that were formed. Salt increased the conductivity of the solution and smooth fibers formed. Electrospinning a polystyrene solution with salt, at relatively high voltage, caused the jet to first form bending coils with small and slowly increasing diameters. These small diameter coils were subsequently incorporated into a larger diameter bending instability coil. That is, a coil with a slender envelope cone developed first and this slender coil formed a larger bending coil with a more rapidly increasing diameter. This unusual situation produced a complicated jet path, which is called a “garland”. The coils entangled and conglutinated in flight to form a fluffy network of fibers. The conditions for the formation of garlands also provide examples of jet splitting and branching during the electrospinning process.
Clinical role of the renal transplant biopsy

Percutaneous needle core biopsy is the definitive procedure by which essential diagnostic and prognostic information on acute and chronic renal allograft dysfunction is obtained. The diagnostic value of the information so obtained has endured for over three decades and has proven crucially important in shaping strategies for therapeutic intervention. This Review provides a broad outline of the utility of performing kidney graft biopsies after transplantation, highlighting the relevance of biopsy findings in the immediate and early post-transplant period (from days to weeks after implantation), the first post-transplant year, and the late period (beyond the first year). We focus on how biopsy findings change over time, and the wide variety of pathological features that characterize the major clinical diagnoses facing the clinician. This article also includes a discussion of acute cellular and humoral rejection, the toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors, and the widely varying etiologies and characteristics of chronic lesions. Emerging technologies based on gene expression analyses and proteomics, the in situ detection of functionally relevant molecules, and new bioinformatic approaches that hold the promise of improving diagnostic precision and developing new, refined molecular pathways for therapeutic intervention are also presented.
Functionally important positions can comprise the majority of a protein's architecture.

Concomitant with the genomic era, many bioinformatics programs have been developed to identify functionally important positions from sequence alignments of protein families. To evaluate these analyses, many have used the LacI/GalR family and determined whether positions predicted to be “important” are validated by published experiments. However, we previously noted that predictions do not identify all of the experimentally important positions present in the linker regions of these homologs. In an attempt to reconcile these differences, we corrected and expanded the LacI/GalR sequence set commonly used in sequence/function analyses. Next, a variety of analyses were carried out (1) for the entire LacI/GalR sequence set and (2) for a subset of homologs with functionally-important “YxPxxxAxxL” motifs in their linkers. This strategy was devised to determine whether predictions could be improved by knowledge-based sequence sorting and—for some analyses—did increase the number of linker positions identified. However, two functionally important linker positions were not reliably identified by any analysis. Finally, we compared the new predictions to all known experimental data for E. coli LacI and three homologous linkers. From these, we estimate that >50% of positions are important to the functions of the LacI/GalR homologs. In corollary, neutral positions might occur less frequently and might be easier to detect in sequence analyses. Although analyses have successfully guided mutations that partially exchange protein functions, a better experimental understanding of the sequence/function relationships in protein families would be helpful for uncovering the remaining rules used by nature to evolve new protein functions. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neoliberalism and Postmodern Cultures of Aging

Chuck Longino and this author began writing together about the benefits and risks of a postmodern perspective on the aging experience more than 9 years ago. Chuck Longino and this author contrasted a progressive strand of postmodernism based on the blended values of individual empowerment and collective responsibility for economic security with a neoliberal strand based on individualism and the free market as the ultimate arbiter of value, arguing that neoliberal postmodernism threatened the economic and psychological security of older people. Here the author summarizes the previous arguments by Chuck Longino and himself, then comment on events that have occurred since their last published collaboration, especially the collapse of the neoliberal economic model.
Temporal characteristics of narrow-band optical filters and their application in lidar systems.

The temporal characteristics of two different narrow-band optical filters at 532 nm are reported. Both filters operate on the 4P1/2–8S1/2 atomic transition of potassium vapor, where the 4P1/2 state is excited by a 770-nm, 10-ns laser pulse. The filters operate on the principle of circular birefringence induced by either the Faraday effect or two-photon transition, which is confirmed by experiments. The characteristic decay times of the filters are 5 and 0.015µs, which is significant for the design of optical gating and signal processing with matched filters for ocean lidar.
Turbulence-induced preferential concentration of solid particles in microgravity conditions

A box of near-isotropic, particle-laden turbulence was flown aboard NASA's reduced gravity aircraft in order to measure the turbulence-induced preferential concentration of solid particles in microgravity. Three particle sets of Stokes numbers based on the fluid Kolmogorov time scale of approximately 0.5, 5, and 50 were tested for relative amounts of preferential concentration. Eight fans in each corner of a Lexan box generated fluid turbulence. Particle concentrations were measured using an imaging system consisting of a camera viewing perpendicular to a white light sheet. Post-processing of video images found largest concentration gradients for the intermediate-sized particles of Stokes number 5, closely followed by the Stokes number 0.5 particles. The experimental results agreed well with the trends seen in direct numerical simulations. The quantitative effects of turbulence modulation by the presence of particles were not measured in the experiment, but were most likely present.
Mathematical modeling of autocompaction of a Holocene transgressive valley-fill deposit, Wolfe Glade, Delaware

Six thousand years of sediment accumulation and autocompaction in a transgressive valley-fill deposit are simulated numerically. Rates of accumulation of freshwater organic-rich mud, subtidal mud, and organic-rich mud of the modern salt marsh are specified by using existing sedimentologic, paleontologic, and geochronologic data. Processes of pore-water explusion and autocompaction are determined from finite-strain consolidation theory. Model parameters for subtidal mud facies are determined from laboratory consolidation tests. Model parameters for organic-rich deposits are determined by sampling equivalent modern sedimentary environments and by model calibration. Model calibration involves (1) reproducing the present distribution of void ratios measured in a 7.6 m Vibracore, (2) correctly calculating the preserved thickness of lithologic units, and (3) determining a history of elevation changes of the sediment surface that is consistent with the Delaware sea-level curve and the known sequence of paleoenvironments of Wolfe Glade, Delaware. The results indicate that preserved horizons in the 10 m Holocene section of Wolfe Glade have been lowered a maximum of 2.3 m. The rate of lowering due to autocompaction alone has been one-half to one-third of the rate of sea-level rise during most of the past 6000 yr. Numerical experiments suggest that organic-rich freshwater wetland deposits are primarily responsible for the extensive autocompaction at Wolfe Glade. Our approach may be used to correct Holocene coastal stratigraphic data for autocompaction, but careful model calibration (based in part on the stratigraphy) will usually be required.
Trichloroacetic acid application in chemical peeling

In chemical peeling of the skin for photoaging, the absorption of trichloroactic acid (TCA) after contact with the epidermis depends on the photoaged status of the skin in concert with the actual method of application. Protein coagulation and increasing penetration are reflected in the frost, but only an approximate inexact definition of depth estimation can be ascertained from the color. Although 35% TCA has an excellent record of safety and clinical results, 50% TCA is frought with more complications owing to the inherent unpredictability of the agent, and the addition of additives to slow penetration does not alter its increased capability for scarring. Either 35% TCA as a single agent or techniques to admit 35% TCA to deeper depths in the dermis by altering the epidermis immediately preceeding application have enabled excellent clinical results to be obtained with a minimum of complications.
Chromosome Rearrangement with No Apparent Gene Mutation in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Hepatocellular Neoplasia

We have identified a constitutional inversion in chromosome 5 associated with familial adenomatous polyposis in three generations of a Mexican family. Two of three siblings developed hepatic neoplasia in infancy. The gene truncation assay failed to demonstrate a truncated protein in the segment harboring the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of APC gene coding exons and sequencing of PCR products did not reveal any significant mutation. The data suggest that in this family, the phenotype may be the result of a "position effect."
Feasibility of a Pilot Study of Problem-Solving Therapy for Stroke Survivors

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and potential effectiveness of problem-solving therapy (PST) on stroke survivors' depressive symptoms and function in the rehabilitation stage of recovery. Design This study employed a repeated measures experimental design. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of 22 ischemic stroke survivors and randomized to treatment group receiving PST and control group receiving standard care. Findings Our recruitment and retention rates were 54% and 81%, respectively. Results for depression scores in the treatment group as compared to the control group indicated clinical significance but not statistical significance (p > .05). Function was not statistically significant. Conclusion Problem-solving therapy is potentially therapeutic for stroke survivors. Clinical Relevance Rehabilitation nurses could be educated on the use of PST as a potential intervention for stroke survivors.
Gait Component Changes Observed During Independent Ambulation in Young Children

The components of gait of the new independent ambulator can differ from that of the more experienced ambulator. The purposes of this review were to describe observable gait components exhibited at the onset of independent ambulation, the progression of changes in these components, and the time when a more mature pattern should be present consistently. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and single-recording studies, which analyzed children’s gait at the onset of independent ambulation and followed changes in the components, were reviewed. Only components that can be observed by clinicians were included. The changes were reported as a function of time after independent ambulation onset or chronological age. The gait components evolved from (1) initial contact with toes, footflat or heel to consistent heel strike 1 y after independent ambulation onset or by 2.5 y of age, (2) a wide base of support to a narrower one 11 mo after independent ambulation onset or by 22 mo of age, and (3) upper extremities held in high guard position to reciprocal arm swing 11 mo after independent ambulation onset or by 3.5 y of age. Other components, such as the maintenance of squatted position and trunk flexion, were studied less extensively, but general descriptions are included. This review provides the length of time after independent ambulation onset or chronological age when the more mature form of a gait component should be present. The continued exhibition of a less mature form beyond these times may be indicative of a pathological gait pattern.
Murray Turoff: Father of Computer Conferencing

In 1971 Murray Turoff, a computer scientist working in the Office of Emergency Preparedness, Executive Offices of the President of the United States, was tasked with developing an electronic information and communication system to aid the US government's response to emergencies. The resulting Emergency Management Information System and Reference Index (EMISARI), based on a smaller system Turoff created the previous year, is often considered the first computer mediated, multimachine communications and conferencing system and an early precursor to many of today's chat, messaging, conferencing, and collaboration systems.
An analysis for menstrual data with time‐varying covariates

This paper concerns the analysis of menstrual data; in particular, methodology to identify variables that contribute to the variability of menstrual cycles both within and between women. The basis for the proposed methodology is a parameterization of the mean length of a menstrual cycle conditional upon the past cycles and covariates. This approach accommodates the length-bias and censoring commonly found in menstrual data. Data from a longitudinal study of menstrual patterns and other variables among Lese women of the Ituri Forest, Zaire, illustrate the methodology. A small simulation illustrates the bias caused by incorrectly deleting the censored cycles.
Socialism and confucianism: Problems of Chinese management

Abstract National culture and traditions exert tremendous influence on the formation of organizational cultures and their performances. Many have agreed that the economic progress of east Asian nations has benefitted from the Confucian ethic. But, for a long time, the Chinese economy was not nearly as dynamic. One typical of socialist economic system. What was the influence of Confucianism during this period? The paper exammed Confucianism and cultural environment of Chinese management, especially the four aspects:1. respect for hierarchy and age; 2. group orientation; 3. the concept of face; and 4. the importance of guanxi. And then it discussed socialism and Chinese management problems, such as structural problems of organizations, the issues of managerial resources, efficiency problems and labor management. And then, the paper analyzed Confucian impact in the deficient socialist management systems to see whether the key values of Confucianism are in conflict with the key values of socialism. The conclu...
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND WITHIN‐STREAM GENETIC VARIATION OF BATRACHOSPERMUM HELMENTOSUM (RHODOPHYTA) USING INTER‐SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS

A relatively new molecular marker technique, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), was used to assess the within-stream reach genetic variation and phylogeography of the freshwater red alga, Batrachospermum helmentosum. The within-stream reach study was undertaken in Southeastern Ohio, where 58 individuals were collected from an approximately 200 m stream length. Individuals appeared to be congregated into three distinct areas, with no plants between areas. Using three primers, 100 polymorphic bands were scored. Although it was hypothesized that genetic variation would reflect physical distance, the results showed six distinct genetic groupings, some of which consisted of physically distant individuals. Overall, genetic diversity was greater among individuals than between geographic and genetic groups. To investigate phylogeography, 11 stream reaches (3 from Ohio and one each from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, North Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, Michigan and Louisiana) were sampled throughout the alga's known distribution in North America. Approximately 15 individuals were collected per stream for ISSR analysis. Five primers, yielding 243 polymorphic bands, were used to examine variation among all individuals. Neighbor-joining trees generated from the Dice, Jaccard and Excoffier coefficients showed that individuals from the same stream formed a clade. Among streams there was no distinct correlation between geographic distance and genetic similarity. Genetic groupings varied slightly among distance coefficients employed. Michigan and Tennessee, Connecticut and Rhode Island, and Indiana and Massachusetts streams consistently showed the same relationship, but the relationships among the three Ohio streams and Louisiana stream were variably related to each other.
NMR Studies of the Inclusion Complex of Cloprostenol Sodium Salt with β-cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution

Cloprostenol sodium salt (referred as cloprostenol) may be used for the synchronization of estrous cycles in farm animal species. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have potential as drug delivery systems through the formation of inclusion complexes between CDs and drugs. This is the first study of the inclusion complex of cloprostenol with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solution using NMR and 3D molecular dynamics simulations. 1D proton NMR spectra of β-CD, a complex of cloprostenol with β-CD, and cloprostenol in D2O were assigned and confirmed. The cross relaxation interactions from ROESY were used as constraints for 3D molecular modeling studies. In the 2D ROESY of the complex, cross-peaks were observed between the aromatic protons of cloprostenol and protons of the β-CD as well as between aliphatic protons and protons of the β-CD. The stoichiometry of the complex was found that β-CD forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with cloprostenol. The association constant K was 968 ± 120 M−1 at 298 K. Aromatic side and/or aliphatic side chains of the cloprostenol is included in the β-CD while aliphatic side and/or aromatic side chains wraps around β-CD, respectively. The molecular modeling also confirms that β-CD forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with cloprostenol.
Energetic salts based on furazan-functionalized tetrazoles: routes to boost energy.

Based on the backbone of the furazan-tetrazole structure, routes were developed to improve the properties of energetic materials. Two types of high-density energetic salts were designed, prepared, and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray analyses support the structural characteristics for two amino salts. A majority of the salts exhibited good detonation properties, high thermal stabilities, and relatively low impact and friction sensitivities. Hydroxylammonium and hydrazinium salts, 1–3 and 1–4, which have relatively high densities (1.84 and 1.74 g cm−3,, respectively), acceptable impact and friction sensitivities (14 J, 160 N and 28 J, 360 N), and good detonation pressures (38.3 and 32.2 GPa) and velocities (9323 and 9094 m s−1), have performance properties superior to 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB).
Maintaining Order and Following the Rules: Gender Differences in Punishing Inmate Misconduct

For this article, we examine gender differences in how staff members address inmate misconduct. Using in-depth interviews with forty-three correctional employees, we focus on how their various disciplinary styles create interpersonal conflict between staff members. We find that over half of interviewees are identified as “formal responders” who consistently punish inmate misconduct with formal sanctions, even if doing so creates conflict within the organization. However, female formal responders also claim that they work closely with male inmates to explain the importance of following the rules. They state that this puts them at odds with their male co-workers who misinterpret this behavior as instigating sexual relationships.
Vessel arterial-venous plasticity in adult neovascularization.

Objective: Proper arterial and venous specification is a hallmark of functional vascular networks. While arterial-venous identity is genetically pre-determined during embryo development, it is unknown whether an analogous pre-specification occurs in adult neovascularization. Our goal is to determine whether vessel arterial-venous specification in adult neovascularization is pre-determined by the identity of the originating vessels. Methods and Results: We assessed identity specification during neovascularization by implanting isolated microvessels of arterial identity from both mice and rats and assessing the identity outcomes of the resulting, newly formed vasculature. These microvessels of arterial identity spontaneously formed a stereotypical, perfused microcirculation comprised of the full complement of microvessel types intrinsic to a mature microvasculature. Changes in microvessel identity occurred during sprouting angiogenesis, with neovessels displaying an ambiguous arterial-venous phenotype associated with reduced EphrinB2 phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that microvessel arterial-venous identity in adult neovascularization is not necessarily pre-determined and that adult microvessels display a considerable level of phenotypic plasticity during neovascularization. In addition, we show that vessels of arterial identity also hold the potential to undergo sprouting angiogenesis.
Multiscale analysis of brain tumors in CT imagery

The delineation of brain lesion boundaries in computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences is important in many medical research environments and clinical applications. For example, computer-aided neurosurgery requires the extraction of boundaries of lesions in a series of CT or MRI images in order to design the surgical trajectory and complete the surgical planning. Currently, in many clinical applications, the boundaries of lesions are traced manually. Manual methods are not only tedious but also subjective, leading to substantial inter- and intraobserver variability, and confusions between lesions and coexisting normal structures pose serious problems. Automatic detection of lesions is a nontrivial problem. Because of the low resolution, the border regions between lesions and normal tissues are typically of single-pixel width in CT images, and the intensity gradient at the lesion boundary varies considerably. These characteristics of lesions within CT images, in conjunction with the generally low signal-to-noise ratio of CT images, render simple boundary detection techniques inadequate. Recent work in the field of computer vision has shown multiscale analysis of objects in gray scale images to be effective in many applications. This paper describes and illustrates the application of multiscale morphological techniques to the delineation of brain tumors.
Politicians on TV: The Image Is the Message

Potential political candidates gave live, televised, audio, or written presentations to individuals and groups under laboratory conditions. The more live and rich the medium, the more favorably the communicator was evaluated; but media were equally effective in generating agreement with the candidate's message. Groups judged candidates more favorably than individuals, but individuals showed more attitude change. The results provide mixed support for a new theory of social impact and have implications for application in political campaigns.
Production planning and control for remanufacturing: industry practice and research needs

Abstract Remanufacturing represents a higher form of reuse by focusing on value-added recovery, rather than materials recovery (i.e., recycling). Remanufacturing systems are widespread in the United States and are profitable. However, the management of production planning and control activities can differ greatly from management activities in traditional manufacturing. We report on managerial remanufacturing practices via a survey of production planning and control activities at remanufacturing firms in the United States. Production planning and control activities are more complex for remanufacturing firms due to uncertainties from stochastic product returns, imbalances in return and demand rates, and the unknown condition of returned products. We identify and discuss seven complicating characteristics that require significant changes in production planning and control activities. We also describe the research opportunities that exist for each of the complicating characteristics.
Chemical Beam Epitaxy Of Ganxpi- Using A N Radical Beam Source

In this study we report the growth behavior of GaNxP1−x by chemical beam epitaxy using triethylgallium, tertiarybutylphosphine, and a RF-plasma N radical beam source. We demonstrate that the N radical beam source is an effective N source for the growth of GaNxP1−x, compared to ammonia (NH3) with co-injection of phosphine (PH3) or tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP). At a growth temperature of 640°C, the N composition increases slowly from 2.5 to 2.8% even though the N2 flow rate is doubled. When the N2 flow rate is increased further, the reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern (RHEED) becomes spotty. The N composition, however, shows a strong dependence on the growth temperature. For a fixed N plasma radical beam flux, the lower the substrate temperature is, the higher the N incorporation. The N composition can be adjusted from 0.7 to 10.2% by lowering the growth temperature from 690 to 400°C.
The moderating role of exercise on stress-related effects on the hippocampus and memory in later adulthood.

Objective Chronic stress has well-documented negative effects on hippocampal structure and function, and has been suggested to contribute to age-related declines. In contrast, there is evidence that exercise has beneficial effects in older adults. The current investigation examined effects of lifetime stress on hippocampal volume and memory, the moderating role of stress on age effects, and the moderating role of exercise on stress-related effects. Method Measures of lifetime stress, exercise engagement, magnetic-resonance-imaging-based volumes, and cognitive performance were obtained in a sample of healthy middle-aged and older adults. Results There was a significant negative influence of stress on hippocampal volume. In addition, exercise engagement moderated effects of lifetime stress on both hippocampal volume and memory. Specifically, lower exercise engagement individuals evidenced greater stress-related declines compared with high exercise engagement individuals. Conclusions These novel findings suggest that benefits of exercise in later adulthood may extend to minimizing detrimental effects of stress on the hippocampus and memory.