cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HARNESSING SIMULATION FOR THE NAVAL SHIPYARD

The advantages of computer simulation as a tool to analyze and solve problems in a wide spectrum of industrial applications are presented. The basic methodology is described and its usefulness to the special circumstances of a naval shipyard is demonstrated by analogy to a delicatessen, the processes of which serve as a discrete-event model system. Several recent successful applications of computer simulation are cited and reference is made to appropriate microcomputer software programs
Intermittent exotropia and mental illness

Background and PurposeAlthough adverse psychosocial effects are well documented among patients afflicted with strabismus, recent studies have shown that children with intermittent exotropia, unlike...
Composing Poetry and a Writer’s Identity: Positive Social Updrafts in a Community of Writers

As a young man on the autism spectrum, Scott may have seemed to be silent, with a broad chasm separating him from his talkative peers. Scott’s autistic makeup significantly limited his use of oral language, requiring him to type on a computer or handheld device as a primary communicative mode. Because Scott communicated primarily through the written word, it could be easy to focus overly on his “disability” and not see his many abilities. Yet through his creative writing, and perhaps especially his poetry, Scott has been able to build a bridge between himself and others, enabling him to influence their lives and to participate actively in the world around him.
A strategy to reduce acute toxicity from chemoradiation therapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer.

e17534 Background: The standard of care for limited stage SCLC as outlined in the Intergroup 0096 trial involves twice daily radiation therapy, delivered to two out of four fields at a time, which results in high rates of clinically significant acute toxicity. This study examines acute esophagitis and treatment breaks in patients treated with radiation therapy as outlined by Intergroup 0096 vs those treated with a slight modification to this technique. Methods: We identified SCLC patients who received 45 Gy in 1.5 Gy bid fractions from an institutional database. Associations were assessed via Chi-squared test. A break was defined as an interruption of 3+ days. Results: 74 SCLC patients were treated with 3D-conformal radiation therapy from 2004 to 2010. 16 patients did not satisfy criteria described in the Methods and were excluded. 28 patients were treated per Intergroup 0096 with AP/PA fields bid for 1 week followed by AP/PA treatment in the AM and 2 oblique fields in the PM for 2 weeks. 28 patients were...
Challenges and Issues in Education

Are you satisfied with your school experience? Could it be better? If you had a chance to restart your school time, what would you prefer to have? This chapter summarizes three major challenges and issues in education and also introduces a new interdisciplinary field—educational neuroscience—that applies the latest neuroscience findings into teaching and learning, and may provide an optimal and evidence-based education.
Automated within tank fish mass estimation using infrared reflection system

Abstract Fish size and mass information during different growth stages is important for precise feeding regime management, oxygen consumption calculations, antibiotic prescription and improving fish welfare, but also to facilitate decisions on grading, harvesting and time to harvest. The main purpose of this study was to develop an automatic system to estimate fish mass using fish dorsal geometrical features and machine learning algorithms such as random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). To develop the model, Kinect as a RGB-D camera was used to acquire depth map and top view images of 295 farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) of different sizes. Eight dorsal geometric features were extracted and used for model development. Ten-fold cross validation was used to optimize and validate the models. Comparison of models was made in term of the coefficient of determination ( R cv 2 ) and Root Mean Square Error of prediction (RMSEP) of cross validation. Both models exhibited significant prediction, however, SVM algorithm with R cv 2 of 0.872 (p R cv 2 of 0.868 (p R 2 = 0.84 p 0.01 and RMSE = 0.12 was better in comparison to SVM with R 2 = 0.72 ( p 0.01 ) and RMSE = 0.16. The study demonstrated that seabass geometrical dorsal features together with machine learning algorithms could be used for mass predictions. Furthermore, the IREF system can be used as a reliable, inexpensive, stress-free and accurate sensor for monitoring and estimating fish mass during cultivation within the tank.
Test automation through robotic actuation and image analytics

Internet of Things (IoT) systems include a network of physical devices in communication with each other and, therefore, commonly require cross integration of products from multiple companies. Integration testing can be necessary whenever any central product in the network is updated — hence, the automation of testing is important to save time and resources. In particular, this project focuses on automated testing of security panels for a home security and automation company. Currently, the panels are physically modified so that relays can be used to activate some test scenarios; however, this modification endangers the integrity of the test. Other test scenarios are conducted manually by Quality Engineers. The focus of this paper is on automating testing using robotic actuation and image analytics (IA). The newly designed automated test system (ATS) contains three main subsystems: a test rig that provides fixturing and controls lighting in the test environment, a Cyton Epsilon 300 robotic arm that pushes buttons on a panel and activates specific sensors, and an IA system (IAS) to determine the state of the panel. The IAS takes pictures of the alarm panel in states such as “Armed” or “Disarmed” and determines the panel's state using template matching in OpenCV. Using this feedback, the ATS automatically determines if the panel successfully completed the test. Test results include accuracy testing on the robotic arm, which can mark a piece of paper with a pen 100 times without any noticeable drift and only three misses. Further, template matching was shown to correctly detect six panel states when panel position and lighting were held constant. These findings highlight the importance of a test rig to control position and lighting. Finally, user testing demonstrated a setup time of under 30 minutes, which compares favorably to the day or more required to set up the current testing system.
Commentary: Iron deficiency of pregnancy - a new approach involving intravenous iron.

Iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy is common, especially in South Asia, and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes including increased incidences of maternal mortality, preterm labor and low birth weight. Screening for anemia alone is not sufficient to diagnose iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in neonates is associated with a statistically significant increment in cognitive and behavioral abnormalities which persist after iron repletion. Oral iron is the frontline standard but is associated with an unacceptably high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events leading to poor adherence. Prospective evidence reports an incidence of neonatal iron deficiency up to 45% even with oral iron supplementation. New evidence reports oral iron ingestion increases serum hepcidin leading to decreased absorption suggesting further decreasing efficacy. Published evidence reports that intravenous iron is safe and effective in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Intravenous iron is the preferred route when there is oral iron intolerance or in those situations where oral iron is ineffective or harmful. Intravenous iron is also preferred if the anemia is severe (< 8 g/dL) in the second trimester or at any time in the third trimester when there is little expectation that adequate quantities of iron will be delivered to the fetus as iron requirements increase in each trimester. Guidelines for maternal and neonatal screening and treatment lack consistency and differ between the United States and Europe. New formulations of intravenous iron with complex carbohydrate cores that bind elemental iron more tightly mitigating the release of large quantities of labile free iron allow the administration of complete replacement doses in 15–60 min. The preponderance of published evidence suggests that intravenous iron is underutilized in pregnancy and guidelines suggesting there is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine screening and treatment of iron deficiency in gravidas should be revisited. The major recommendation from this commentary is that in low-income countries, a trial or demonstration project to test the efficacy, safety, cost and feasibility of the administration of intravenous iron to anemic and/or iron-deficient women be undertaken.
Augmented Piano Performance using a Depth Camera.

We augment the piano keyboard with a 3D gesture space using Microsoft Kinect for sensing and top-down projection for visual feedback. This interface provides multi-axial gesture controls to enable continuous adjustments to multiple acoustic parameters such as those on the typical digital synthesizers. We believe that using gesture control is more visceral and aesthetically pleasing, especially during concert performance where the visibility of the performer’s action is important. Our system can also be used for other types of gesture interaction as well as for pedagogical applications.
A Hierarchically Structured System for Computer Control of a Hexapod Walking Machine

Control of walking machines involves a hierarchy of computational tasks which is naturally suited to a multicomputer implementation. This paper describes the hardware and software for one such system presently under construction. Particular attention is paid to problems of man-machine and intercomputer communication during vehicle operation and to integration of artificial sensory information into higher levels of control.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Neutrophils

Proteomics is the study of the set of proteins, or proteome, expressed by a cell under specific conditions. Proteomics methodology consists of protein extraction, protein separation, and protein identification. Currently, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry are the most widespread methods for proteomic studies. The recent introduction of precast immobilized pH gradient gel strips, precast gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, and well-designed electrophoresis equipment has made 2DE a highly reproducible and relatively simple method for protein separation. Inherent limitations of the procedure, however, require approaches in sample preparation that may be cell- or tissue-dependent. This chapter describes a methodology for proteomic analysis of human neutrophils and discusses its applications.
Urologic Management During Acute Care and Rehabilitation of the Spinal Cord-Injured Patient

The acute urologic management of the spinal cord-injured patient requires an understanding of the ramifications associated with both the traumatic injury and the sequelae of neurogenic bladder. Urologic management should begin shortly after injury and should include diagnosis of associated acute injuries as well as aggressive bladder management during the rehabilitation phase. Initial urodynamic assessment enhances the recognition and subsequent treatment of signs of upper tract distress. Lifestyle issues, such as sexuality and infertility, should be addressed early in the rehabilitation phase. The major goal of bladder management is to discharge the patient independent and free of indwelling catheters.
Management of pure metastatic teratoma in chemotherapy naïve testis cancer patients.

e16043Background: Management of metastatic testicular cancer often requires post-chemotherapy resection of teratoma. This is well known and described in literature. However, the ability of teratoma...
sEMG Analysis and Biomechanical Property Study of Lumbar Resting Myofascia in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an arthritic condition, that over time, leads to fusing of the vertebrae in the spine. Early symptoms include pain and stiffness in the lower back muscles. The focus of this study is to measure and analyze resting surface electromyography (sEMG) and stiffness from the L3-L4 lower back muscles in healthy control subjects and in patients with AS. Short time Fourier transform (STFT) and signal filtering have been applied to the sEMG collected from the control and disease groups. The biomechanical property of stiffness, is also recorded from the lumbar resting myofascia, in the two groups. The analysis results from initial and after 10-minute prone rest measurement, left and right side measurements from the lower lumbar muscle and from both AS or control group are discussed and reported.
Active Learning on Heterogeneous Information Networks: A Multi-armed Bandit Approach

Active learning exploits inherent structures in the unlabeled data to minimize the number of labels required to train an accurate model. It enables effective machine learning in applications with high labeling cost, such as document classification and drug response prediction. We investigate active learning on heterogeneous information networks, with the objective of obtaining accurate node classifications while minimizing the number of labeled nodes. Our proposed algorithm harnesses a multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithm to determine network structures that identify the most important nodes to the classification task, accounting for node types and without assuming label assortativity. Evaluations on real-world network classification tasks demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms existing methods independent of the underlying classification model.
Reducing Unnecessary Treatment of Asymptomatic Elevated Blood Pressure with Intravenous Medications on the General Internal Medicine Wards: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background Asymptomatic elevated blood pressure (BP) is common in the hospital. There is no evidence supporting the use of intravenous (IV) antihypertensives in this setting. Objective To determine the prevalence and effects of treating asymptomatic elevated BP with IV antihypertensives and to investigate the efficacy of a quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed at reducing utilization of these medications. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Urban academic hospital. Patients Patients admitted to the general medicine service, including the intensive care unit (ICU), with ≥1 episode of asymptomatic elevated BP (>160/90 mm Hg) during hospitalization. Intervention A two-tiered, QI initiative. Measurements The primary outcome was the monthly proportion of patients with asymptomatic elevated BP treated with IV labetalol or hydralazine. We also analyzed median BP and rates of balancing outcomes (ICU transfers, rapid responses, cardiopulmonary arrests). Results We identified 2,306 patients with ≥1 episode of asymptomatic elevated BP during the 10-month preintervention period, of which 251 (11%) received IV antihypertensives. In the four-month postintervention period, 70 of 934 (7%) were treated. The odds of being treated were 38% lower in the postintervention period after adjustment for baseline characteristics, including length of stay and illness severity (OR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.47-0.83; P = .001). Median SBP was similar between pre- and postintervention (167 vs 168 mm Hg; P = .78), as were the adjusted proportions of balancing outcomes. Conclusions Hospitalized patients with asymptomatic elevated BP are commonly treated with IV antihypertensives, despite the lack of evidence. A QI initiative was successful at reducing utilization of these medications.
A Phenome-Wide Association Study Uncovers a Pathological Role of Coagulation Factor X during Acinetobacter baumannii Infection.

ABSTRACT Coagulation and inflammation are interconnected, suggesting that coagulation plays a key role in the inflammatory response to pathogens. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) was used to identify clinical phenotypes of patients with a polymorphism in coagulation factor X. Patients with this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were more likely to be hospitalized with hemostatic and infection-related disorders, suggesting that factor X contributes to the immune response to infection. To investigate this, we modeled infections by human pathogens in a mouse model of factor X deficiency. Factor X-deficient mice were protected from systemic Acinetobacter baumannii infection, suggesting that factor X plays a role in the immune response to A. baumannii. Factor X deficiency was associated with reduced cytokine and chemokine production and alterations in immune cell population during infection: factor X-deficient mice demonstrated increased abundance of neutrophils, macrophages, and effector T cells. Together, these results suggest that factor X activity is associated with an inefficient immune response and contributes to the pathology of A. baumannii infection.
Body composition change, safety, and efficacy with everolimus use in ethnic minorities with breast cancer.

e18145Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates metabolism and is implicated in pathological conditions including obesity and diabetes. In obese rat models, m...
The effects of temperature and pressure on the stability of mineral colloids

The stability of mineral colloids is well understood through numerous theoretical, experimental, and microscopic approaches. Nearly all of these, however, are for colloids at ambient or near-ambient conditions. The lack of studies at elevated temperature and pressure presents an obstacle to understanding the role that colloids may play in high-T and/or high-P settings such as geothermal works, hot springs, epithermal ore deposits, and deep crustal fluids. This study presents a first step toward quantitatively modeling the stability of mineral colloids for pressures from liquid-vapor equilibrium to 3000 bars and for temperatures from 25 to 400 °C, using the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory as an approximation. Methods are given for recalculating each of the necessary input parameters for the pressure, temperature, and electrolyte type of interest. Example calculations for gold and silica colloids in dilute NaCl solutions show that increasing pressure stabilizes colloids, whereas increasing temperature destabilizes them, especially at lower pressures. The solutions presented are approximations, since potentially influential factors such as surface roughness, adsorbed species, and non-DLVO forces are not considered. However, the results obtained are consistent with the limited experimental data available for colloids at the relevant conditions and offer an initial step toward quantitatively modeling colloid behavior at elevated pressures and temperatures.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma with Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg-like cells and subsequent transformation to EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma – A case report and literature review

Abstract A subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) patients develop Richter transformation (RT), classically resulting in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RT-DLBCL); however, a minority of cases result in Hodgkin lymphoma (RT-HL). RT-HL can be of type 1 or 2. RT-HL1 consists of Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells in a background of CLL, and RT-HL2 has HRS cells in the typical inflammatory background of classical HL (CHL). Here we describe a rare case of CLL with an increased number of HRS-like cells which evolved to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL over 2 years. The patient was a 48-year-old man who initially presented with right inguinal lymphadenopathy and was found to have both CLL/SLL and HSV lymphadenitis, which was then treated with valacyclovir and acyclovir prophylaxis. Approximately 1 year later, he developed diffuse lymphadenopathy with CLL and scattered EBV-positive HRS-like cells, consistent with RT-HL1, for which he received rituximab. After 3 months, he again developed diffuse lymphadenopathy with worsening symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with EBV-positive DLBCL by lymph node biopsy and responded well to 6 cycles of R-CHOP. This is the first case of CLL with RT-HL1 predating RT-DLBCL. While RT-HL1 and RT-DLBCL have been described previously, the potential for an association between these entities is cryptic. As more cases are reported, this relationship can be studied in greater detail.
Letter to the Editor: New onset psychosis and mania following COVID-19 infection.

Evidence suggests that acute severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including delirium (Zubair et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020). Here we present two case reports of adult patients with COVID-19 infections who presented with severe psychosis and mania with no prior psychiatric history and in the absence of significant medical or pulmonary symptoms and an unremarkable neurological work-up.
Early implicit-explicit discrepancies in self-esteem as correlates of childhood depressive symptoms

Abstract This longitudinal study examined early social–cognitive markers that might be associated with the emergence of childhood depression and anxiety. At 5 years of age, 137 children completed an implicit self-esteem measure. At 9 years of age, the same children completed measures of implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. Two novel findings emerged. First, higher implicit self-esteem at age 5 than explicit self-esteem at age 9 (implicit > explicit discrepancy) was associated with depressive symptoms at age 9, but not with symptoms of anxiety. Second, this cross-age implicit > explicit discrepancy was associated with depressive symptoms more strongly than was the same implicit > explicit discrepancy measured concurrently at age 9. The overall pattern suggests that the appearance of depressive symptoms in children is associated with discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem and not just lower levels of implicit self-esteem or lower levels of explicit self-esteem taken alone. It is the direction and discrepancy across time that is particularly informative, such that discrepancies between early implicit representations and later explicit reports of self-worth reflect a developmental pathway associated with elevated risk for depressive symptoms. Taken altogether, this study illustrates the benefits of combining work in developmental, child-clinical, and social psychology to provide a more complete view of the developing child. We believe that combining implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem across developmental time points can be used to examine early markers of depression in children at younger ages than typically possible with explicit measures alone.
Development and clinical validation of a robust knowledge‐based planning model for stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment of centrally located lung tumors

PURPOSE To develop a robust and adaptable knowledge-based planning (KBP) model with commercially available RapidPlanTM for early stage, centrally located non-small-cell lung tumors (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and improve a patient's"simulation to treatment" time. METHODS The KBP model was trained using 86 clinically treated high-quality non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (n-VMAT) lung SBRT plans with delivered prescriptions of 50 or 55 Gy in 5 fractions. Another 20 independent clinical n-VMAT plans were used for validation of the model. KBP and n-VMAT plans were compared via Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-0813 protocol compliance criteria for conformity (CI), gradient index (GI), maximal dose 2 cm away from the target in any direction (D2cm), dose to organs-at-risk (OAR), treatment delivery efficiency, and accuracy. KBP plans were re-optimized with larger calculation grid size (CGS) of 2.5 mm to assess feasibility of rapid adaptive re-planning. RESULTS Knowledge-based plans were similar or better than n-VMAT plans based on a range of target coverage and OAR metrics. Planning target volume (PTV) for validation cases was 30.5 ± 19.1 cc (range 7.0-71.7 cc). KBPs provided an average CI of 1.04 ± 0.04 (0.97-1.11) vs. n-VMAT plan'saverage CI of 1.01 ± 0.04 (0.97-1.17) (P < 0.05) with slightly improved GI with KBPs (P < 0.05). D2cm was similar between the KBPs and n-VMAT plans. KBPs provided lower lung V10Gy (P = 0.003), V20Gy (P = 0.007), and mean lung dose (P < 0.001). KBPs had overall better sparing of OAR at the minimal increased of average total monitor units and beam-on time by 460 (P < 0.05) and 19.2 s, respectively. Quality assurance phantom measurement showed similar treatment delivery accuracy. Utilizing a CGS of 2.5 mm in the final optimization improved planning time (mean, 5 min) with minimal or no cost to the plan quality. CONCLUSION The RTOG-compliant adaptable RapidPlan model for early stage SBRT treatment of centrally located lung tumors was developed. All plans met RTOG dosimetric requirements in less than 30 min of planning time, potentially offering shorter "simulation to treatment" times. OAR sparing via KBPs may permit tumorcidal dose escalation with minimal penalties. Same day adaptive re-planning is plausible with a 2.5-mm CGS optimizer setting.
Commercial Cloud Computing for Connected Vehicle Applications in Transportation Cyberphysical Systems: A Case Study

This article focuses on the feasibility of commercial cloud services for connected vehicle (CV) applications in a transportation cyberphysical systems (TCPS) environment. TCPS implies that CVs, in addition to being connected with each other, communicate with the transportation and computing infrastructure to fulfill application requirements. The motivation of this study is to accelerate commercial cloud-based CV application development by presenting the lessons learned from implementing a CV mobility application using Amazon Web Services (AWS). The feasibility of our cloud-based CV application is assessed at three levels: 1) the development of a cloud-based TCPS architecture, 2) the deployment of a cloud-based CV application using AWS, and 3) the evaluation of the cloud-based CV application. We implemented this CV mobility application using a serverless cloud architecture and found that such a cloud-based TCPS environment could meet the permissible delay limits of CV mobility applications. As the CV penetration levels on the surface transportation systems increase significantly over the next several years, this article illustrates how the commercial cloud could automatically scale the backend infrastructure to meet the rapidly increasing demand of real-world CV applications. Through real-world experiments, we demonstrated how commercial cloud services, along with a serverless cloud architecture, can advance the transportation digital infrastructure for supporting CV mobility applications in a TCPS environment. In addition, to enable other researchers to recreate the serverless cloud computing environment in AWS efficiently and to further contribute to commercial cloud utilization for developing CV applications, an AWS CloudFormation template related to our CV mobility application is published in an open source data management platform and is referred to in this article.
Label-Free Immunoassay Using Droplet-Based Brewster’s Angle Straddle Interferometry

We report the detection of antigen capture by immobilized antibodies using a simple, label-free version of monochromatic reflective interferometry. The technique is implemented on silicon with its native oxide and relies on choosing an incident angle between the Brewster angles for the air/oxide and oxide/silicon interfaces. We demonstrate sensitivity to anti-human and anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-IgG) concentrations less than 100 nM using only 10 nL droplets of the analyte. We have introduced a protocol using a model sugar to reduce nonspecific binding and have been able to detect anti-IgG even in the presence of 100-fold larger concentrations of bovine serum albumin. The limit of detection is not yet associated with the optical method but is imposed by nonspecific binding. Evaluated in terms of pg/mm2, our sensors are comparable in sensitivity to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) but are advantaged with respect to SPR in the tolerance of the optical components and alignment, the low material usage, and the ability to exploit multiplex detection without modification. The simplicity and convenience of the method are promising for eventual application to portable diagnostic applications.
Fathers’ oxytocin responses to first holding their newborns: Interactions with testosterone reactivity to predict later parenting behavior and father‐infant bonds

Little is known about human fathers' physiology near infants' births. This may represent a period during which paternal psychobiological axes are sensitive to fathers' new experiences of interacting with their newborns and that can provide insights on how individual differences in fathers' biology relate to post-partum parenting. Drawing on a sample of men in South Bend, IN (U.S.), we report results from a longitudinal study of fathers' oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone (N = 211) responses to their first holding of their infants on the day of birth and men's reported caregiving and father-infant bonding at 2-4 months post-partum (N = 114). First-time fathers' oxytocin was higher following first holding of their newborns, compared to their pre-holding levels. Contrasting with prior results, fathers' percentage change in oxytocin did not differ based on skin-to-skin or standard holding. Drawing on psychobiological frameworks, we modeled the interactions for oxytocin reactivity with testosterone and cortisol reactivity, respectively, in predicting father-infant outcomes months later. We found significant cross-over interactions for (oxytocin × testosterone) in predicting fathers' later post-partum involvement and bonding. Specifically, we found that fathers whose testosterone declined during holding reported greater post-partum play if their oxytocin increased, compared to fathers who experienced increases in both hormones. We also observed a similar non-significant interaction for (oxytocin × cortisol) in predicting fathers' post-partum play. Fathers whose testosterone declined during holding also reported less involvement in direct caregiving and lower father-infant bonding if their oxytocin decreased but greater direct care and bonding if their testosterone increased and oxytocin decreased. The results inform our understanding of the developmental time course of men's physiological responsiveness to father-infant interaction and its relevance to later fathering behavior and family relationships.
Shifting expectations: Lapses in spatial attention are driven by anticipatory attentional shifts

Attention is dynamic, constantly shifting between different locations - sometimes imperfectly. How do goal-driven expectations impact dynamic spatial attention? A previous study (Dowd & Golomb, Psychological Science, 30(3), 343-361, 2019) explored object-feature binding when covert attention needed to be either maintained at a single location or shifted from one location to another. In addition to revealing feature-binding errors during dynamic shifts of attention, this study unexpectedly found that participants sometimes made correlated errors on trials when they did not have to shift attention, mistakenly reporting the features and location of an object at a different location. The authors posited that these errors represent "spatial lapses" attention, which are perhaps driven by the implicit sampling of other locations in anticipation of having to shift attention. To investigate whether these spatial lapses are indeed anticipatory, we conducted a series of four experiments. We first replicated in Psychological Science, 30(3), the original finding of spatial lapses, and then showed that these spatial lapses were not observed in contexts where participants are not expecting to have to shift attention. We then tested contexts where the direction of attentional shifts was spatially predictable, and found that participants lapse preferentially to more likely shift locations. Finally, we found that spatial lapses do not seem to be driven by explicit knowledge of likely shift locations. Combined, these results suggest that spatial lapses of attention are induced by the implicit anticipation of making an attentional shift, providing further insight into the interplay between implicit expectations, dynamic spatial attention, and visual perception.
Teachers’ understanding of racial inequity predicts their perceptions of students’ behaviors

Abstract Teachers’ racialized interpretations of students’ behaviors likely lead to the racial disparities found in discipline across all education levels (Skiba et al., 2011). To explore how four types of teachers’ racial inequity beliefs (i.e., post-racial, American Dream, cultural deficit, schooling inequity) may be associated with teachers’ racialized interpretations of Black and White boys’ behaviors (i.e., hostility, emotionality, behavioral stability, and seriousness), a sample of 228 teachers in the United States filled out the Racism and Inequity Beliefs (RIB) Questionnaire and observed videotapes of six boys potentially misbehaving in school. Teachers’ cultural deficit beliefs uniquely predicted teachers’ negative perceptions of Black boys’ behaviors, with little to no impact on their perceptions of White boys’ behaviors. Specifically, teachers holding more cultural deficit beliefs perceived the Black boys’ behaviors as relatively more hostile, more representative of a behavioral pattern, and more serious compared to teachers who held fewer cultural deficit beliefs, and compared to their judgments of White boys’ behaviors. American Dream beliefs were also uniquely associated with assessments of Black boys’ behavior as more serious, without impact on White boys’ behavior. These results suggest the application of inequitable judgments of boys’ behaviors based on teachers’ racial inequity beliefs and boys’ identifiable race.
SecureSIM: rethinking authentication and access control for SIM/eSIM

The SIM/eSIM card stores critical information for a mobile user to access the 4G/5G network. In this work, we uncover three vulnerabilities of the current SIM practice. We show that the PIN-based access control may expose the in-SIM data to an adversary through both hardware and software. Once exposed, such in-SIM information can be used to reconstruct various keys used for device authentication, data encryption, etc. They thus enable a number of attacks, including traffic eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attack, impersonation, etc. The fundamental problem is that, the current SIM design does not offer proper authentication and fine-grained access control to hundreds of in-SIM files for various in-card applets and off-card units. We next propose a new solution that offers both authentication and fine-grained access control. Our implementation and evaluation have confirmed the viability of our proposal.
Administrative Tribunal of the Organization of American States

The Organization of American States (OAS) is a regional international organization. It was created with the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification of its Charter by Colombia on December 13, 1951. * Its purpose was to achieve peace and justice, to promote solidarity among its members, to strengthen their cooperation, and to defend their respective sovereignties, territories and independence.2
Our Sacred Institution: the Ideal of the Family in American Law and Society

As lawmakers and others in the legal field create and interpret law they also articulate, define, and shape the perceived interest of the larger society. Often choices must be made from among competing assertions or interpretations, as amorphous social and cultural concerns and areas of real and potential conflict are reduced to law. These choices operate as potentially coercive or punitive forces in the lives of people whose circumstances or preferences do not conform to the norms.In regard to regulating intimacy, the law defines and enforces norms by referencing a specific and historically based metanarrative about 'the family'. People that live in intimate relationships outside of the norm of family do so at risk, as only the nuclear family has been protected and promoted by legal and cultural institutions.The mythical natural American two-parent nuclear family has functioned to exclude the problems and concerns of nontraditional families from political and public consideration while also forcing women to continually shoulder the burdens of dependency. Without substantial rethinking of what constitutes the natural family, the condition of women is unlikely to improve significantly.
The actin domain of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus inhibits kinase and transforming activities.

Abstract The transforming gene product, P70gag-actin-fgr, of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus (GR-FeSV) is a single polypeptide composed of regions derived from cellular and viral genes. Gamma actin and c-fgr genes are the two known cellular components of the GR-FeSV genome. In the present study, sequences representing each cell-derived gene were deleted and the resulting constructs were tested for transforming activity by transfection of NIH 3T3 cells. Constructs lacking a portion of the c-fgr proto-oncogene failed to induce focus formation, demonstrating the essential nature of this component for GR-FeSV oncogenic activity. In contrast, the construct lacking the actin domain was more active than GR-FeSV DNA in transformation assays. Protein specified by the actin deletion mutant possessed a 2.4-fold greater specific protein-tyrosine kinase activity compared with that of the wild-type gene product. Furthermore, the actin domain had no detectable effect on the ability of the fgr kinase to associate with cytoskeleton or to phosphorylate unique cellular proteins on tyrosine. Our findings demonstrate that the actin domain inhibits focus formation and impairs protein-tyrosine kinase activity.
Efficient thermal-light and light-thermal conversion by a selective emitter/absorber

We use a diluted refractory metal as a selective emitter/absorber to enhance the efficiencies of thermal-light and light-thermal conversions. The absorptivity (emissivity) was measured at high temperatures up to 750°C.
The Mars Reference Atmosphere

A nominal atmospheric model of Mars is presented, with detailed consideration being given to the various sources of variability in the Martian atmosphere. A basic model for the midlatitude summer is outlined for the northern and southern hemispheres. Attention is given to meteorological variability due to winds, diurnal and seasonal pressure variations, temperature changes, and the effects of dust opacity, particularly on temperature stratification. Viking lander IR thermal mapper data are examined in terms of diurnal and latitudinal temperature variations, and cloud and haze formation and locations are discussed. Mass spectrometry of the atmosphere is used to describe the molecular abundances, and water vapor measurements are reviewed. Finally, radio occultation, UV airglow, and mass spectrometry of the Martian upper atmosphere are investigated, along with the temperature structure of the upper atmosphere.
Rat infant isolation vocalizations and their modulation by social cues as a model of expression of infantile emotionality

Abstract Social bonds are an important element of mammalian lives. Here we review the pharmacology and functional neuroanatomy of structures controlling infant rat isolation-induced vocalizations. There is strong evidence that these vocalizations reflect an emotional process, because emotion-linked brain regions participate in the infant vocalizations, and anxiolytics reduce the vocalizations. Selective breeding for rate of infant isolation vocalization produces high and low vocalizing lines that also show differences in adult emotional behavior. Modulation of isolation vocalization rate by social cues offers another way to probe the emotional state of the infant. Presentation of littermates and dams in a novel testing chamber reduces a pup's isolation vocalizations. The “quieting” induced by dams versus littermates is differentially dependent on dopamine. In another social modulation paradigm, recent contact with potential caregivers increases the subsequent rate of isolation vocalizations. This “potentiation” of isolation vocalization is also modulated by dopamine, critically in the ventral striatum, which is a region important for reward-related phenomena.
Vitamin E deficiency in the rat. II. The effect of rat liver microsomes and cytoplasmic supernatant on respiratory decline.

Abstract Weanling male rats were fed for approximately 3 weeks either a vitamin E-deficient or a vitamin E-supplemented diet. Liver homogenates were prepared and separated into mitochondrial, microsomal, and supernatant fractions, and the contributions of the microsomal and supernatant fractions to the maintenance or inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of β-hydroxybutyrate were studied. When microsomes were added to mitochondria such that approximately equal amounts of protein from each fraction were present, oxidation was inhibited in a manner similar to that of vitamin E-deficient homogenates, regardless of whether the mitochondria or microsomes were derived from either vitamin E-deficient or vitamin E-supplemented rats. The further addition of the supernatant fraction from either type of liver resulted in maintenance of oxygen consumption when vitamin E-supplemented microsomes were present. The microsomal inhibitor was inactivated by boiling, but remained bound to the microsomal membranes after both sonic disruption followed by dialysis and sonic disruption followed by centrifugation. Dialysis of the supernatant fraction removed the factor, or factors, which overcame the inhibition due to the vitamin E-supplemented microsomes. Inhibition of oxygen consumption was not correlated with either peroxidation or lysosomal enzyme activity. It is suggested that the microsomal inhibitor is protein in nature.
Novel use of doublet peaks in flow injection analysis

Abstract A simple, non-separation method for the simultaneous, single-injection determination of nickel(II) and iron(II) is described. The method is based on doublet peaks in a single-line system, with multiple vertical (absorbance) measurements of the doublet peak profile. Doublet peaks occur when the center of the sample zone remains unmixed. Nickel(II), 0.17–0.24 M, in the presence of 2.7–5.4 mM iron(II) is determined by direct spectrophotometry of the nickel(II) ion at the center of the sample zone, Iron(II) is first oxidized on-line by peroxodisulfate to iron(III), which complexes with thiocyanate to form the intensely red complex; this is measured at the peak maximum corresponding to the trailing edge of the sample zone. Correction are made for absorbance of nickel and its reduction in the iron thiocyanate complex formation. The absorbance of nickel(II) ion and the iron thiocyanate complex are both measured at 395 nm from a single injected sample. The general utility of the doublet peak method is discussed.
Combinatorial Edge Delamination Test for Thin Film Adhesion --- Concept, Procedure, Results

ABSTRACT A high-throughput combinatorial approach to edge delamination test is proposed to map the failure of adhesion as a function of both temperature and film thickness in a single step. In this approach, a single specimen of a thin film bonded to a substrate with orthogonal thickness and temperature gradients is subdivided into separate samples. This approach can be adopted to measure the adhesion for films with thickness in the sub-micron range by the addition of an overlayer. Requirements for valid testing results from a mechanistic viewpoint are analyzed using three-dimensional computational fracture mechanics. An initial test result is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Rearranging the Puzzle: Working Systemically with Stepfamilies when Parents Re‐partner

This paper develops a systemically informed tool-kit of therapeutic ideas for working with stepfamilies. First, systemic thinking is applied to the stepfamily context, and compared to traditional stepfamily lenses. Second, an integrative frame is used to incorporate a range of systemic therapeutic practices, to match four specific stepfamily issues. These practices are demonstrated through a fictional clinical vignette weaved throughout the paper. Finally, the challenge of being flexible in integrating theory is discussed.
Cloning of the Drosophila melanogaster Meiotic Recombination Gene mei-218: A Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Interval 15E

The mei-218 gene product is required for both meiotic crossing over and for the production of recombination modules, suggesting that these organelles are required for meiotic exchange. In this study the null phenotype of mei-218 was defined through the analysis of three preexisting and five new alleles. Consistent with previous studies, in homozygous mei-218 mutants meiotic crossing over is reduced to < 10% of normal levels. A molecular analysis of mei-218 was initiated with the isolation and mapping of lethal mutations and genome rearrangements in the region containing mei-218, polytene interval 15E on the X chromosome. This high resolution genetic map was aligned with a physical map constructed from cosmid and P1 clones by genetically mapping restriction fragment length polymorphisms and localizing rearrangement breakpoints. Within a region of 65 kb, we have identified seven transcription units, including mei-218 and the Minute(1)15D gene, which encodes ribosomal protein S5. The mei-218 mutant phenotype has been rescued by germline transformation with both a genomic fragment and a cDNA under the control of the hsp83 promoter. The mei-218 gene is predicted to produce an 1186-amino acid protein that has no significant similarities to any known proteins.
When are Resource Rooms Going to Share in the Declining Enrollment Trend? Another Look at Mainstreaming

A special education administrator presents a point of view that raises questions regarding the continuation of the present practice of separating learning-disabled students from the regular education classroom for specialized instruction. Strategies to accommodate learning difference and to address specific learning needs in the regular instructional program are proposed. Concern is expressed that the benefits derived from special instruction, away from the classroom, are in need of re-evaluation during these times of competing priorities, legitimate questioning of the resource room model and fiscal constraints.
A method for overlapping and erasure of lists

An important property of the Newell Shaw-Simon scheme for computer storage of lists is that data having multiple occurrences need not be stored at more than one place in the computer. That is, lists may be “overlapped.” Unfortunately, overlapping poses a problem for subsequent erasure. Given a list that is no longer needed, it is desired to erase just those parts that do not overlap other lists. In LISP, McCarthy employs an elegant but inefficient solution to the problem. The present paper describes a general method which enables efficient erasure. The method employs interspersed reference counts to describe the extent of the overlapping.
The ongoing tragedy of the commons

Abstract This essay explores the concept of externalities, or “spillover effects,” that result from the normal processes practiced by capitalist corporations. Industrial pollution is presented as a perfect example of a negative externality, the specific concern here. While profits are privatized under corporate capitalism, the financial and nonfinancial costs of doing business are socialized, disproportionately affecting workers, women, and people of color. It is argued that market-based answers have not and will not be able to solve market-based problems. Therefore, some form of democratic socialism, to be determined by the stakeholders themselves, is necessary to achieve the solution to pollution.