cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exchange rate risk management : evidence from East Asia

The recent East Asian (EA) financial crisis provides a natural experiment for investigating foreign-exchange risk management by non-financial corporations. During this period, the financial crisis exposed local firms to large depreciations in exchange rates and decreased access to foreign capital. We explore the exchange rate hedging practices of firms that hedge foreign debt exposure in eight EA countries between 1996 and 1998. Our paper makes three primary contributions. First, we identify and characterize EA companies that use foreign currency derivatives. This includes documenting differences in size, domestic and foreign debt exposures, and financial characteristics. Second, we investigate the factors important in the use of foreign currency derivatives. In contrast to studies of US firms, we find limited support for existing theories of optimal hedging. Instead, we find that firms use foreign earnings as a substitute for hedging with derivatives and evidence that EA firms engage in "selective" hedging. Third, we investigate the relative performance of hedgers during and after the crisis. We find no evidence that EA firms eliminate their foreign exchange exposure by using derivatives. More specifically, firms using derivatives before the crisis perform just as poorly as nonhedgers during the crisis. Post-crisis, firms that hedged performed somewhat better than nonhedgers, but this result appears to be explained by a larger post-crisis currency exposure for hedgers (an exchange rate risk premium), due to limited access to derivatives during that period.
COVARIANTIZED CLOSED STRING FIELDS FROM LIGHT-CONE

Starting from an off-shell interacting Lorentz algebra for closed string fields, the procedure of covariantisation, truncation and rescaling by string length gives a BRST operator equivalent to that of the Kyoto group.
5-HT1A receptor-mediated apoptosis: death by JNK?

There is growing interest in the potential use of 5-HT1A receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents in stroke and tramautic brain injury. However, a new study using a recombinant 5-HT1A receptor cell line suggests that these agonists may promote as well as inhibit apoptotic responses. Because heterologously expressed receptors may couple promiscuously to inappropriate signal transduction pathways, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Discussion-Induced Attitude Polarization

Two experiments examined the group polarization hypothesis. In Experiment I group discussion polarized the evaluations of six hypothetical faculty members, three described positively and three negatively. 'Good' faculty were rated and paid even more favorably after group interaction and contrariwise for 'bad' faculty. Experiment II separated subjects into groups which were conservative or liberal in attitudes regarding women. Subsequent discussion of statements regarding the role of women yielded an increase in the attitude gap between the conservative and liberal communities.
Identification and molecular cloning of a heparosan synthase from Pasteurella multocida type D.

Pasteurella multocida Type D, a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis in swine and pasteurellosis in other domestic animals, produces an extracellular polysaccharide capsule that is a putative virulence factor. It was reported previously that the capsule was removed by treating microbes with heparin lyase III. We molecularly cloned a 617-residue enzyme, pmHS, which is a heparosan (nonsulfated, unepimerized heparin) synthase. RecombinantEscherichia coli-derived pmHS catalyzes the polymerization of the monosaccharides from UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcUA. Other structurally related sugar nucleotides did not substitute. Synthase activity was stimulated about 7–25-fold by the addition of an exogenous polymer acceptor. Molecules composed of ∼500–3,000 sugar residues were produced in vitro. The polysaccharide was sensitive to the action of heparin lyase III but resistant to hyaluronan lyase. The sequence of the pmHS enzyme is not very similar to the vertebrate heparin/heparan sulfate glycosyltransferases, EXT1 and 2, or to other Pasteurellaglycosaminoglycan synthases that produce hyaluronan or chondroitin. The pmHS enzyme is the first microbial dual-action glycosyltransferase to be described that forms a polysaccharide composed of β4GlcUA-α4GlcNAc disaccharide repeats. In contrast, heparosan biosynthesis in E. coli K5 requires at least two separate polypeptides, KfiA and KfiC, to catalyze the same polymerization reaction.
On-chip analog floating-gate array programming in a submicron standard CMOS process using high voltage charge pumps

This paper presents a novel design of on-chip programming for floating-gate arrays in a 0.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS N-well double poly process. Described in this paper is the complete design for integrating on chip the floating-gate programming infrastructure for programming a 10/spl times/10 array: electron injection and tunneling charge pumps, on-chip clock, and all interfacing circuitry to the array and pads. The three stage high voltage charge pump (HVCP) is utilized to modulate electron injection and six stage Schottky charge pumps (SCHCP) are utilized to modulate tunneling. Experimental results of hot-electron injection and electron tunneling for a floating-gate element are presented as well as simulation results for the critical interfacing circuitry and for the on-chip clock.
Reducing Costs and Fat Usage Through Employee Training

Abstract The purpose of this study was to decrease the amount of fat being used in a college residential food service operation. Two dining halls participated in this study; one as a control and the other as the test site. Inventory records of five fat products were collected each Wednesday for 14 weeks prior to employee education. Employees at the control facility received no training on production techniques to reduce fat usage, while employees at the test site attended a thirty minute training session that identified specific changes in production methods to reduce the amount of fat during cooking and food preparation. The training was then reinforced daily through production meetings and at weekly unit meetings. Weekly inventory records continued to be collected at both sites during the 14 weeks following the training session. Usage of total fat significantly decreased after education of employees at the test facility (P
How does floodplain width affect floodplain river ecology? A preliminary exploration using simulations

Abstract Hydraulic food chain models allow us to explore the linkages of river discharge regimes and river-floodplain morphology to the structure and dynamics of modeled food webs. Physical conditions (e.g. depth, width, velocity) that vary with river discharge affect the performance (birth, growth, feeding, movement, or death rates) of organisms or trophic groups. Their performances in turn affect their impacts on food webs and ecosystems in channel and floodplain habitats. Here we explore the impact of floodplain width (modeled as 1 ×, 10× and 40× the channel width) on a food web with two energy sources (detritus and vegetation), invertebrates that consume these, a size structured fish population which consumes invertebrates and in which larger fish cannibalize small fish, and birds which feed on large fish. Hydraulic linkages to trophic dynamics are assumed to be mediated in three ways: birds feed efficiently only in shallow water; plant carrying capacity varies non-linearly with water velocity, and mobile and drifting organisms are diluted and concentrated with spillover of river discharge to the floodplain, and its reconfinement to the channel. Aspects of this model are based on field observations of Junk and Bailey from the Amazon, of Sparks from the Mississippi, and on our observations of the Fly River in Papua New Guinea. The model produced several counter-intuitive results. Biomass of invertebrates and fish increased with floodplain width, but much more rapidly from 1 × to 10 × floodplains than from 10 × to 40 × floodplains. For birds, maximum biomass occurred on the 10× floodplain. Initially high bird biomass on the 40 × floodplain declined to extinction over time, because although favorable fishing conditions (shallow water) were most prolonged on the widest floodplain, this advantage was more than offset by the greater dilution of prey after spillover. Bird predation on large fish sometimes increased their biomass, by reducing cannibalism and thereby increasing the abundance of small fish available to grow into the larger size class. Sensitivity analyses indicated that model results were relatively robust to variation in parameter values that we chose, but much more exploration and calibration with field data are needed before we know how specific our results are to the structure and other assumptions of this model. We share with others the opinion that progress towards understanding complex dynamic systems like floodplain river ecosystems requires frequent feedback between modeling and field observations and experimentation. This understanding is crucial for river management and restoration. Organisms in real rivers have adapted to track and quickly exploit favorable conditions, and to avoid or endure adverse conditions. It is when we engineer away this environmental variability that we threaten the long term persistence of river-adapted biota.
Analysis of Vitamin K1 in Soybean Seed: Assessing Levels in a Lineage Representing Over 35 Years of Breeding

Recommendations by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for compositional assessments of new genetically modified (GM) soybean now include measurement of vitamin K1. Here we employ an HPLC method to provide information on variation in levels of vitamin K1 in seed from soybean representing over 35 years of breeding. Vitamin K1 analysis was conducted on seed from six conventional lines and three GM glyphosate-tolerant lines grown concurrently at two sites in the US. Vitamin K1 levels in seed were influenced by both location and germplasm. Levels were higher in the newer higher-yielding lines when compared with the older varieties. The effect of GM was negligible. Overall, our study showed, using a method suitable for compositional assessments under OECD guidelines, that (i) variation in levels of vitamin K1 in soybean is associated with a safe history of consumption and (ii) that modern breeding strategies can be employed for soybean varietal development without adversely impacting vitamin K1 levels.
Review: 5-Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity: A critical review

5-Fluorouracil is a commonly administered chemotherapy agent that has infrequently been associated with cardiotoxicity. This review highlights the clinical features of this syndrome as described in reports from the medical literature. Clinical and laboratory evidence supporting proposed underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulate genes of immune and inflammatory pathways in the human colon: a human crossover trial

Background A high dietary calcium intake with adequate vitamin D status has been linked to lower colorectal cancer risk, but the mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. Objective The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of a Western-style diet (WD) and supplemental calcium and/or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on the colorectal mucosa. Design We conducted 2 crossover trials to define molecular pathways in the human colorectum altered by 1) a 4-wk WD supplemented with and without 2 g calcium carbonate/d and 2) a 4-wk WD supplemented with 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.5 μg/d) with or without 2 g calcium carbonate/d. The primary study endpoint was genome-wide gene expression in biopsy specimens of the rectosigmoid colonic mucosa. Serum and urinary calcium concentrations were also measured. Results Changes in urinary calcium accurately reflected calcium consumption. The WD induced modest upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways, including interferon signaling, and calcium supplementation reversed these toward baseline. In contrast, supplementation of the WD with 1,25(OH)2D3 induced striking upregulation of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Calcium supplementation largely abrogated these changes. Conclusions Supplementing 1,25(OH)2D3 to a WD markedly upregulated genes in immune response and inflammation pathways, which were largely reversed by calcium supplementation. This study provides clinical trial evidence of global gene expression changes occurring in the human colorectum in response to calcium and 1,25(OH)2D3 intervention. One action of 1,25(OH)2D3 is to upregulate adaptive immunity. Calcium appears to modulate this effect, pointing to its biological interaction in the mucosa. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00298545 Trial protocol is available at http://clinicalstudies.rucares.org (protocol numbers PHO475 and PHO554).
The Effect of Hard Segment Chemistry on the In-Vivo Biostability of Polyurethanes

Four polyurethanes that were synthesized with different hard segments as well as four commercial polyurethanes were investigated for in-vivo biostability. The four polyurethanes with the varying hard segments were based on a 3/2/1/ mole ratio of methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) or methylene dicyclohexylene diisocyanate (H12MDI); butanediol (BD) or ethylene diamine (ED); and polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) (MW=1000). Two commercial polyurethanes were also used: Biomer (Ethicon, Inc.) and Pellethane (Dow). Films of the polymers were implanted subcutaneously in rats for up to three months to assess their biostability. Polymer films were implanted with either a 100% strain applied or in the unstressed state. Measurement of tensile properties and surface properties before and after implantation was used to assess the stability of each of the polymers. Surface cracking was observed with scanning electron microscopy and the extent and depth of cracking was determined. It was found that BD chain extended polymers maintained their tensile properties better than the ED chain extended polymers after implantation. H12MDI-based polyurethanes were more susceptible to surface cracking than MDI-based polyurethanes, possibly due to the lack of a crystallizable hard segment.
General and Explicit Equations of Motion for Constrained Mechanical Systems

In this paper we present the general and explicit form of the equations of motion for mechanical systems under nonideal constraints in which the constraints may be holonomic and/or nonholonomic.
The Response of the Subchondral Bone to Injury

Traumatic joint injury represents a major risk factor for the subsequent development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Importantly, all of the joint tissues, including the articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons, synovium, capsule, and periarticular bone, are susceptible to mechanical injury and damage. A common initiating feature of the injuries is the acute application of mechanical force or impact to the joint tissues. Low-energy impact may not directly disrupt the integrity of the extracellular matrices of the joint tissues but may instead induce a cascade of events that modulate the activities and function of the resident cell types. This in turn may result in progressive alterations in their synthetic and reparative activities that adversely affect the material and functional properties of the tissues that they populate. In contrast higher-energy impact may acutely disrupt the integrity of the matrices of the joint tissues, producing both immediate structural changes, followed by a cascade of cell-mediated processes that lead to progressive deterioration in joint tissue composition and function. This chapter will focus on the response of the subchondral bone to injury focusing on the cellular and structural adaptations.
Cognitive Neuroscience in Tinnitus Research: A Current Review

Advances in methods of examining the human brain have led to a dramatic increase in specific knowledge about the origins of tinnitus. Neural modeling, behavioral measurements of hearing performance and psychological state, neuro-morphology, metabolic measurements of neural activity, electromagnetic recordings of synaptic potentials, and optical measurements of action potentials are all modalities that have provided insights or the promise of new information about the pathophysiology of tinnitus. This review examines these techniques and their contributions to knowledge about tinnitus.
Effects of Marketing Theories and Customer Relationship Management on Small Colleges

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of marketing options on college selection, and of CRM tools on marketing efficiency. Five theories of marketing options and efficiency, including Customer Relationship Management, will undergird this study. The problem herein is that small colleges in particular must determine ways to market themselves, optimize use of technology, and increase enrollment in order to compete with other post-high school options. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of marketing options on college selection, and CRM tools on marketing efficiency, using selected theories of marketing options and efficiency as theoretical framework. This study will be conducted utilizing qualitative methodology; information-gathering tools used will be interviews and questionnaires. Data interpretation will be through thematic analysis influenced by elements of transcendental phenomenology. The participants will be approximately 20 currents and former administrators/faculty from small colleges (fewer than 1000 students) from schools in the Mid-Atlantic region, and approximately 400 students enrolled in those schools. The administrators will be interviewed; the students will answer questionnaires. All inquiries are drawn from research questions that reflect the problem, purpose and theoretical framework of this study.
Personnel Radiation Dose from Leukocyte Labeling Procedures: Indium-111 Oxine Versus Technetium-99m HMPAO

Although technetium-99m (99mTc) HMPAO leukocytes deliver substantially lower absorbed doses to patients than do indium-111 (111In) oxine leukocytes, we expected that the pharmacist or technologist performing the labeling procedure would receive a higher radiation dose from 99mTc due to the larger amounts of activity being utilized. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure radiation doses during actual labeling procedures with 99mTc HMPAO and 111In oxine. These measurements showed that the radiation doses from 99mTc leukocyte labeling procedures are 3.3 times higher for the whole body and 4.6 times higher for the hands than are the doses from 111In leukocyte labeling procedures.
Neuroimaging Insights Into the Multifaceted Nature of the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome

Abstract Task-based and task-independent functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques provide useful tools for advancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal symptoms. This chapter highlights emerging human neuroimaging findings linking aberrant activity within circumscribed brain regions and aberrant functional interactions between distributed regions with three facets of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome: negative affect, cognitive impairments, and reward dysregulation. We review evidence linking: (1) abstinence-induced negative affect with hyperactivity within the amygdala and/or hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and insula; (2) cognitive impairments with altered activity within and between three large-scale brain networks (ie, the default mode, executive control, and salience networks); and (3) reward dysregulation with hypoactivity within the striatum and other regions along the dopaminergic circuitry. Improved understanding of the regional, circuit, and network-level functional brain mechanisms underlying various facets of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome may expedite the evolution of smoking cessation interventions.
Parenting, Bonding, and Valuing the Retarded

Offspring of the lower primates cling to the bodies of their mothers; marsupials hang on for dear life. But the human infant is unable to cling. The mother must carry her young. This dependency upon the mother for the simple act of carrying, the precondition of so much else, makes the human infant rely heavily on bonding. A mother must actively cradle her child, cherish it, for it to flourish.
The Effect of Mutual Gaze Perception on Students' Verbal Coordination

a previous study, we found that real-time mutual gaze perception (i.e., being able to see the gaze of your partner in real time on a computer screen while solving a learning task) had a positive effect on students' collaboration and learning (8). The goals of this paper are to: 1) explore a variety of computational techniques for analyzing the transcripts of students' discussions; 2) examine whether any of those measures sheds new light on our previous results; and 3) test whether those metrics have any predictive power regarding learning outcomes. Using various natural language processing algorithms, we found that linguistic coordination (i.e., the extent to which students mimic each other in terms of their grammatical structure) did not predict the quality of student collaboration or learning gains. However, we found that the coherence of students' discourse was significantly different across our experimental conditions; this measure was positively correlated with their learning gains. Finally, using various language metrics, we were able to roughly (i.e., using a median- split) predict learning gains with a 94.4% accuracy using Support Vector Machine. The accuracy dropped to 75% when we used our model on a validation set. We conclude by discussing the benefits of using computational techniques on educational datasets.
Urinary biomarkers in women with refractory urgency urinary incontinence randomized to sacral neuromodulation versus onabotulinumtoxinA compared to controls

Purpose: We measured urinary biomarker levels in women with refractory urgency urinary incontinence and controls at baseline and 6 months after treatment with sacral neuromodulation or intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxinA. We also assessed the association of baseline biomarkers with posttreatment urgency urinary incontinence episodes and overactive bladder symptom bother outcomes.Materials and Methods: First morning urine samples were collected from consented trial participants and age matched women without urgency urinary incontinence. Biomarkers reflecting general inflammation, neuroinflammation, afferent neurotransmitters and tissue remodeling were measured using standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and activity assays as appropriate. Symptom bother was assessed by the overactive bladder questionnaire and urgency urinary incontinence episodes were determined by bladder diary. Linear models were used to examine differences in mean biomarker levels and the change in urgency urinary inc...
More Subsystems Onboard

Until now, we’ve looked into telecommunications, attitude control, and propulsion systems from a general point of view encompassing their components in flight as well as their components on Earth. The systems of telecommunications and navigation encompass parts of both the spacecraft and the Deep Space Network facilities worldwide. The propulsion system spans launch vehicle, upper stage or injection propulsion unit, and mission module. In this chapter our focus shifts to view flight components as subsystems on a spacecraft, which is seen as a flight system. For this purpose we define the spacecraft as the “mission module” part that operates in the vicinity of a target of interest after having jettisoned any ancillary modules.
Evaluating a Gene-Environment Interaction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Methylmercury Exposure and Mutated SOD1

Gene-environment (GxE) interactions likely contribute to numerous diseases, but are often difficult to model in the laboratory. Such interactions have been widely hypothesized for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); recent controlled laboratory studies are discussed here and hypotheses related to possible mechanisms of action are offered. Using methylmercury exposure and mutated SOD1 to model the impacts of such an interaction, we interpret evidence about their respective mechanisms of toxicity to interrogate the possibility of additive (or synergistic) effects when combined. Recent work has converged on mechanisms of calcium-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity as a likely contributor in one model of a gene-environment interaction affecting the onset and progression of ALS-like phenotype. The current experimental literature on mechanisms of metal-induced neuronal injury and their relevant interactions with genetic contributions in ALS is sparse, but we describe those studies here and offer several integrative hypotheses about the likely mechanisms involved.
"All the Bright Eyes of the Kingdom": Charlotte Lennox's Discursive Communities

This article argues that Charlotte Lennox innovates with nonstandard narrative techniques to conjure up lively new discursive communities. In her most famous work, The Female Quixote (1752), Lennox experiments with the formal feature of chapter titles, whose insouciant, disembodied voice emerges as the text's most distinct and powerful narrative force. This voice presents itself as corrective and collective, demonstrating the benefits of a community and redefining the authority of the author. In her less well-known periodical, The Lady's Museum (1760-61), Lennox introduces an eidolon, "The Trifler," whose lively voice recalls The Female Quixote 's chapter titles. As the periodical continues, the Trifler's individual voice gives way to an even livelier assortment of voices, which debate the Trifler's right to her "title". In both works, Lennox explores the tension between instruction and delight. Her writing offers far more than a straightforward, laudable project of female education, as she imagines pleasing discursive communities in which meaning in general, and "titles" in particular, are debated, challenged, and in flux.
Applying Chickering's "Seven Learning Principles" in Our Mason Digital World

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:This session will explore how Mason professor of education emeritus Arthur Chickering's framework, "Seven Learning Principles" for effective teaching practices can be applied in today's digital world. Participants will gain specific ways to use these principles in their courses and will have time share their related strategies and tips with the group.________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT: The framework for effective teaching practices espoused by Mason professor of education emeritus Arthur Chickering is relevant in todayA¢â¬â¢s digital world. Mason faculty need to hear those views for both their improvement of their teaching/learning skills, and to connect to MasonA¢â¬â¢s history. This year will mark the 30th anniversary of the publication of Arthur ChickeringA¢â¬â¢s article titled A¢â¬ASeven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate EducationA¢â¬Â. While Chickering had a long and distinguished career in higher education, we were fortunate at Mason to have him on our faculty from 1986 to 1996, and he is honored here as a Professor Emeritus of Education. While here, he wrote his initial article and followed it with an update in 1996 titled A¢â¬AImplementing the Seven Principles: Technology as LeverA¢â¬Â. In that second article the principles were connected to the use of the new digital technologies unfolding at that time.This succinct list of practices has grown to be a standard reference in many Universities who share his views that were built upon fifty years of research. In short, good practices in higher education:AÂ 1. Encourages contact between students and faculty2. Develops reciprocity and cooperation among students3. Encourages active learning.4. Gives prompt feedback.5. Emphasizes time on task.6. Communicates high expectations.7. Respects diverse talents and ways of learning.It is appropriate now to revisit ChickeringA¢â¬â¢s concepts to see if they still apply to our undergraduates; graduates; and, our use of Digital Learning at Mason. My experience of thirty years of teaching at Mason has led me to strongly believe they are indeed relevant today, and should be presented to our younger faculty as they develop their teaching and learning skills. Faculty will be able to use several teaching practices used in our current digital setting and apply them to their own courses. The Seven Principles perspective will be new to many faculty and they will offer food for thought and reflection from a retired Mason colleague who has made significant contributions to practices in higher education.
A medical decision support system for disease diagnosis under uncertainty

We present a decision support system (DSS) modeled for medical diagnosis.Fuzzy Expert System is used to implement the proposed system.Two approaches for uncertain input values are proposed.A case study on kidney stone and kidney infection diseases was conducted. This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) modeled by a fuzzy expert system (FES) for medical diagnosis to help physicians make better decisions. The proposed system collects comprehensive information about a disease from a group of experts. To this aim, a cross-sectional study is conducted by asking physicians expertise on all symptoms relevant to a disease. A fuzzy rule based system is then formed based on this information, which contains a set of significant symptoms relevant to the suspected disease. Linguistic fuzzy values are assigned to model each symptom. The input of the system is the severity level of each symptom reported by patients. The proposed FES considers two approaches to account for uncertain inputs from patients. Two case studies on kidney stone and kidney infection were conducted to demonstrate how the proposed method could be used. A group of patients were used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed expert system. The results show that the proposed fuzzy expert system is capable of diagnosing diseases with a high degree of accuracy and precision comparing to a couple of machine learning methods.
Identification Methods for Intelligent Control Systems

Abstract Modern complex large-scale systems require by far more sophisticated methods for control. The hierarchically intelligent method for control and management of such systems, advocates a decomposition of the total system into properly selected subsystems and then coordinate them using microcomputers programmed by syntactically derived languages. A higher level of organization is then needed to interface with the human operators and plan various control policies according to changes of the environmental patterns. Since the dynamics of the subsystems and the environmental pattern are uncertain, identification schemes are necessary to obtain information of the uncertainties in real-time. Typical parameter identification methods are proposed for the uncertain dynamics while pattern classification techniques are recommended for identifying control situations in the decision making levels. This paper is rather expository and reviews the same developments in the advanced automation area. Applications are possible, in socioeconomic problems, traffic management, process control and management, robotics and prosthetics.
High-Spin Iron Imido Complexes Competent for C–H Bond Amination

Reduction of previously reported (ArL)FeCl with potassium graphite furnished a low-spin (S = 1/2) iron complex (ArL)Fe which features an intramolecular η6-arene interaction and can be utilized as an FeI synthon (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin). Treatment of (ArL)Fe with adamantyl azide or mesityl azide led to the formation of the high-spin (S = 5/2), three-coordinate imidos (ArL)Fe(NAd) and (ArL)Fe(NMes), respectively, as determined by EPR, zero-field 57Fe Mossbauer, magnetometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The high-spin iron imidos are reactive with a variety of substrates: (ArL)Fe(NAd) reacts with azide yielding a ferrous tetrazido (ArL)Fe(κ2-N4Ad2), undergoes intermolecular nitrene transfer to phosphine, abstracts H atoms from weak C–H bonds (1,4-cyclohexadiene, 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2OH) to afford ferrous amido product (ArL)Fe(NHAd), and can mediate intermolecular C–H amination of toluene [PhCH3/PhCD3 kH/kD: 15.5(3); PhCH2D kH/kD: 11(1)]. The C–H bond functionalization reactivity is rat...
FPGA-Based Remote Power Side-Channel Attacks

The rapid adoption of heterogeneous computing has driven the integration of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) into cloud datacenters and flexible System-on-Chips (SoCs). This paper shows that the integrated FPGA introduces a new security vulnerability by enabling software-based power side-channel attacks without physical proximity to a target system. We first demonstrate that an on-chip power monitor can be built on a modern FPGA using ring oscillators (ROs), and characterize its ability to observe the power consumption of other modules on the FPGA or the SoC. Then, we show that the RO-based FPGA power monitor can be used for a successful power analysis attack on an RSA cryptomodule on the same FPGA. Additionally, we show that the FPGA-based power monitor can observe the power consumption of a CPU on the same SoC, and demonstrate that the FPGA-to-CPU power side-channel attack can break timing-channel protection for a RSA program running on a CPU. This work introduces and demonstrates remote power side-channel attacks using an FPGA, showing that the common assumption that power side-channel attacks require specialized equipment and physical access to the victim hardware is not true for systems with an integrated FPGA.
Beatrice Hinkle and the New Frontiers in Mental Health

Post-Gold Rush San Francisco had become the mecca of the West Coast. Educational and career opportunities led to Beatrice Hinkle becoming America’s first woman appointed as a city physician. It was a time when an expanding middle-class had the time and money to seek treatment for the stresses of modern life. Her interest in the emotional dimension of illness took her to New York where she helped open one of America’s first psychotherapy clinics. There was a new appreciation for psychodynamic explanations so she went to Europe where she met Freud and Jung. After his split with Freud, Jung visited New York and was chaperoned around town by Hinkle who favored his new theory about the creative potential of the unconscious.
Groundwater Flow to the Coastal Ocean

Significant freshwater input and associated chemical loading to coastal waters can occur via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Although such inputs have historically been ignored, recent work has revealed that SGD can be a major input to coastal waters and can account for a significant portion of chemical inventories. Because SGD has been only recently recognized as an important process in coastal water dynamics, our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that control groundwater flow and chemical fate and transport in coastal regimes is limited. A critical step in any SGD study is the determination of groundwater flow volume, timing, and location, and the associated chemical loading. Significant spatial and temporal variability in flow, solute concentration, and biogeochemical processes complicate such studies. Here we review physical and chemical means for estimating groundwater discharge rates for both fresh groundwater and recirculating seawater.
CHAPTER 13 – INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the integration of functions of several variables. A principal source of problems may be identified quickly. The definition in the case of a single variable depends on forming an arbitrary partition of [a, b]. The resulting subintervals are used as bases of rectangles, the areas of which are added together to form Riemann sums. The partition always covers the original interval exactly. The usual mnemonic device is used as a guide in setting up the integral. The basic building block looks like a block. If its mass is assumed to be concentrated at the center and if the density is considered as 1, then the moment of inertia of single element is (x2 + y2) dz dx dy.
Single mechanosensory neurons encode lateral displacements using precise spike timing and thresholds

During locomotion, animals rely on multiple sensory modalities to maintain stability. External cues may guide behaviour, but they must be interpreted in the context of the animal's own body movemen...
Development of Prediction Models for Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete Using Combined Nondestructive Tests

AbstractFor several decades, researchers have attempted to develop statistical models through individual and combined use of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound hammer data to enhance the p...
Applying family-based treatment (FBT) to three clinical presentations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Similarities and differences from FBT for anorexia nervosa.

Objective This article uses three brief case reports to illustrate how family-based treatment (FBT) can be used to treat pre-adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Method We present case material illustrating how FBT can be used in three different clinical presentations of ARFID: (1) low appetite and lack of interest; (2) sensory sensitive eaters; and (3) fear of aversive consequences eaters-all without shape or weight concerns. Results This case material illustrates that the main principles of FBT-agnosticism as to the cause of the illness, externalization, emphasizing the seriousness of ARFID, parental empowerment, behavioral consultation, and practical behavioral focus-are applicable for a range of ARFID clinical presentations. Common challenges in this patient group include (1) promoting urgency; (2) challenging long term behavioral accommodation; (3) lack of parental alignment, parental fatigue, (4) and co-morbid psychiatric problems in the patients. Strategies to address these problems are described. Conclusion FBT can be adapted for children with ARFID using the main principles of the approach.
Remote ischemic preconditioning increases accumulated oxygen deficit in middle-distance runners.

Our novel findings indicate that ischemic preconditioning enhanced glycolytic exercise capacity, enabling National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) middle-distance track athletes to run ~22 s...
Delayed Diagnosis in a Case of Smoldering Sporotrichal Monoarthropathy

We present the clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings of a 41-year-old male with culture proven Sporothrix schenckii osteoarticular infection of the right knee. Fungal arthropathies are a rare and indolent form of septic arthritis, which often leads to a delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of fungal arthropathies is critical to preventing permanent functional disability.
The Capital Gazette shooter: injustice collector

Abstract In June of 2018, the Capital Gazette shooter targeted and killed five people in a Maryland newsroom. The characteristics of the killings were suggestive of his being an injustice collector...
Development of quantitative HPTLC-densitometry methods following a model process for transfer of TLC screening methods for pharmaceutical products containing moxifloxacin HCl, ofloxacin, amoxicillin trihydrate, acetylsalicylic acid + acetaminophen + caffeine, nimesulide, irbesartan, and pantoprazole

Transfer of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Global Pharma Health Fund E.V. Minilab Manual and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Compendium protocols for detecting falsified or substandard dru...
The classroom, the campus, and beyond: Using Twitter to connect in #Latinxstudies courses

This article examines how Twitter can be used as a pedagogical tool in the Latinx studies classroom to connect students to a more expansive Latinx network beyond the local or campus community. The use of a course hashtag and careful delineation of a class Twitter project allows students to actively engage in national discussions related to Latinx studies and to critically (and virtually) curate an individual response to current events. This article includes a mixed-methods assessment of the use of Twitter in the Latinx studies classroom over a period of three semesters in an introductory-level course at a large, Midwestern, public institution.
Survival Benefit Persists With Delayed Initiation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Radical Cystectomy for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To determine if delaying the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy following radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer worsens overall survival. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2006 to 2013. We included treatment-naive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer found to have locally advanced disease (pT3-T4 and/or pN+). Patients received no chemotherapy or multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy between 30 and 180 days following surgery. We used a multivariable Cox Regression to assess for differences in overall survival according to when patients initiated adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS We identified 3590 patients: 2581 received no chemotherapy and 1009 received multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy began 31-60 days postsurgery in 538 patients, 61-90 days in 321 patients, and 91-180 days in 150 patients. Relative to patients who did not receive chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy decreased mortality when started 31-60 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.69; P <.001), 61-90 days (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53-0.74; P <.001), and 91-180 days following radical cystectomy (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.87; P = .002). CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy offers a survival benefit when started up to 6 months after radical cystectomy in patients with high-risk disease who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who require delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy can still benefit from treatment.
Modification of kynurenine pathway via inhibition of kynurenine hydroxylase attenuates surgical brain injury complications in a male rat model

Neurosurgical procedures result in surgically induced brain injury (SBI) that causes postoperative complications including brain edema and neuronal apoptosis in the surrounding brain tissue. SBI leads to the release of cytokines that indirectly cause the stimulation of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and the release of neurotoxic quinolinic acid (QUIN). This study tested a KMO inhibitor, RO 61-8048, to prevent postoperative brain edema and consequent neuronal apoptosis in an in vivo model of SBI. A rodent model of SBI was utilized which involves partial resection of the right frontal lobe. A total of 127 Sprague-Dawley male rats (weight 275-325 g) were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham surgical group, SBI, SBI + DMSO, SBI + RO 61-8048 (10 mg/kg), SBI + RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg), and SBI + RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg) + KAT II inhibitor PF-04859989 (5 mg/kg). RO 61-8048 was administered by intraperitoneal injection after SBI. Postoperative assessment at different time points included brain water content (brain edema), neurological scoring, and western blot. SBI increased brain water content (ipsilateral frontal lobe), decreased neurological function, and increased apoptotic markers compared with sham animals. Treatment with RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg) reduced brain water content and improved long-term neurological function after SBI. RO 61-8048 increased the expression of kynurenic acid while reducing QUIN and apoptotic markers in the surrounding brain tissue after SBI. These neuroprotective effects were reversed by PF-04859989. This study suggests KMO inhibition via RO 61-8048 as a potential postoperative therapy following neurosurgical procedures.
Caregivers’ Motivations for Attending Emergent Literacy Programming in Public Libraries: Qualitative Analysis of Three Case Studies

Public libraries are an important resource for emergent literacy development. Emergent literacy is the behavior a child exhibits relative to books and reading before the child is able to decode wor...
Exploring the first pressure injury and characteristics of subsequent pressure injury accrual following spinal cord injury

Context/Objective: Clinicians have guidance on prevention and treatment of pressure injuries, but little is known regarding characteristics of patients who develop additional pressure injuries. Thus, our objective was to explore the first pressure injury and characteristics of individuals who develop subsequent pressure injuries during acute care and inpatient rehabilitation following spinal cord injury.Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a cohort of adults following initial traumatic spinal cord injury.Setting: Urban acute care hospital and inpatient rehabilitation facilities.Participants: A convenience sample of adults (n = 38) who developed at least one pressure injury during acute care and inpatient rehabilitation.Interventions: Not applicable.Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes were number of additional pressure injuries and stage of care during which they occurred, prior to community discharge.Results: A covariate-adjusted model revealed that participants with ASIA D injury had a 67% decrease in the rate of additional pressure injury incidence compared to participants with ASIA A injury (Rate Ratio = .33, 95% CI [0.13, 0.88]). The severity of the first pressure injury had no significant association with subsequent pressure injury incidence (P = .10).Conclusion: These findings indicated that individuals with greater sensory and motor loss had an increased risk of developing additional pressure injuries compared to individuals with less impairment. These results are meaningful for stakeholders interested in understanding factors associated with developing subsequent pressure injuries during the index rehabilitation stay and provide a foundation for future research in this area.
Evaluating the pathways linking complementary feeding practices to obesity in early life

The complementary feeding period, when solids and liquids other than breast milk and formula are added to the infant diet, is an important development window shaping infant growth and weight gain, metabolic development, and lifelong eating practices. Yet, relatively little is known about how the timing and types of foods offered to infants at this stage may shape their growth and subsequent risk of developing obesity. This narrative review describes the existing literature on complementary feeding practices, discusses potential biological and behavioral pathways linking complementary feeding practices to the development of obesity, and offers potential avenues for intervention. While further research is needed to more fully understand optimal complementary feeding practices, existing evidence supports the importance of healthful early feeding practices in the physiological and behavioral regulation of growth and metabolism and the need for early intervention to prevent the development of obesity.