cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Interoperability and the Role of Standards

Abstract To achieve interoperability among information systems in health care, industry stakeholders must develop and implement technical standards that facilitate seamless exchange of data. This chapter defines and describes the concept of health information messaging standards, or technical standards that provide the structure for moving data around in the health-care ecosystem. The chapter explains the role of standards as well as how standards are developed. The chapter further examines the components necessary to support the implementation and adoption of standards, including the need for integration profiles, implementation guides, and interface engines. Finally, the chapter considers emerging standards as well as initiatives that seek to further support broad adoption of standards in health care.
Educating Homo Oeconomicus? “The Disadvantages of a Commercial Spirit” for the Realization of Democracy and Education

At present, the structures, practice, and discourse of schooling are anchored to a “commercial spirit” that understands students, educators, and parents as economic operators trading competitively in human capital and to a discourse of failure that is disabling those who seek to understand and enact John Dewey's notion of education as democratic practice. Here Barbara Stengel illustrates both the commercial spirit in public schools and the discourse of school failure across two geopolitical settings: Shanghai, China, and urban U.S. schools. She argues that framing the educational enterprise in terms of economic success and failure makes it difficult for educators to address Dewey's vision of democracy and education substantively. Stengel concludes with an acknowledgment that, regardless of putative political commitments, these two public school systems are schooling — though not often educating — the same neoliberal subject, but that Dewey's vision of democracy and education nonetheless remains critical and compelling.
Adolescent Cigarette Smoking Perceptions and Behavior: Tobacco Control Gains and Gaps Amidst the Rapidly Expanding Tobacco Products Market From 2001 to 2015

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to determine whether adolescents' intentions to smoke, cigarette smoking behavior, and specific perceptions of cigarette smoking are different in 2015 versus 2001. Methods Data from two California school-based studies ( X age = 14) were compared: one conducted in 2001–2002 ("2001"), N = 395; the second in 2014–2015 ("2015"); N = 282. Results In 2015, more participants reported it was very unlikely they would smoke (94% vs. 65%) and that they never smoked (95% vs. 74%); they reported perceiving less likelihood of looking more mature (17% vs. 28%) and greater likelihood of getting into trouble (86% vs. 77%), having a heart attack (76% vs. 69%), and contracting lung cancer (85% vs. 78%) from smoking ( p Conclusions Findings suggest that adolescents in 2015 perceived greater risks compared to those in 2001 even amidst the rapidly changing tobacco product landscape. In addition to continuing messages of long-term health risks, prevention efforts should include messages about addiction and short-term health and social risks.
Transplant size mismatch in restrictive lung disease.

To maximize the benefit of lung transplantation, the effect of size mismatch on survival in lung transplant recipients with restrictive lung disease (RLD) was examined. All single and bilateral RLD lung transplants from 1987 to 2011 in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database were identified. Donor predicted total lung capacity (pTLC):Recipient pTLC ratio (pTLCr) quantified mismatch. pTLCr was segregated into five strata. A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the association of pTLCr with mortality hazard. To identify a critical pTLCr, a Cox model using a restricted cubic spline for pTLCr was used. A total of 6656 transplants for RLD were identified. Median pTLCr for single orthotopic lung transplant (SOLT) and bilateral orthotopic lung transplant (BOLT) was 1.0 (0.69-1.47) and 0.98 (0.66-1.45). Examination of pTLCr as a categorical variable revealed that undersizing (pTLCr <0.8) for SOLT and moderate oversizing (pTLCr = 1.1-1.2) for SOLT and BOLT had a harmful survival effect [for SOLT pTLC <0.8: HR 1.711 (95% CI 1.146-2.557), P = 0.01 and for BOLT pTLC 1.1-1.2: HR 1.717 (95% CI 1.112-2.651), P = 0.02]. Spline analysis revealed significant changes in SOLT mortality by variation of pTLCr between 0.8-0.9 and 1.1-1.2. RLD patients undergoing SOLT are susceptible to detriments of an undersized lung. RLD patients undergoing BOLT have higher risk of mortality when pTLCr falls between 1.1 and 1.2.
Minocycline enhances the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell pro-healing phenotype in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated pro-healing properties including an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and the promotion of angiogenesis via expression of growth factors in pre-clinical models. MSCs encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGdA) and thiolated gelatin poly(ethylene glycol) (Gel-PEG-Cys) crosslinked hydrogels have led to controlled cellular presentation at wound sites with favorable wound healing outcomes. However, the therapeutic potential of MSC-loaded hydrogels may be limited by non-specific protein adsorption on the delivery matrix that could facilitate the initial adhesion of microorganisms and subsequent virulent biofilm formation. Antimicrobials loaded concurrently in the hydrogels with MSCs could reduce microbial bioburden and promote healing, but the antimicrobial effect on the MSC wound healing capacity and the antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels is unknown. We demonstrate that minocycline specifically induces a favorable change in MSC migration capacity, proliferation, gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, and adhesion molecule and growth factor release with subsequent increased angiogenesis. We then demonstrate that hydrogels loaded with MSCs, minocycline, vancomycin, and linezolid can significantly decrease bacterial bioburden. Our study suggests that minocycline can serve as a dual mechanism for the regenerative capacity of MSCs and the reduction of bioburden in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels.
Resource use Efficiency of Bitter Gourd in Konkan Region (M.S.)

Resource use efficiency of production of bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.) in Konkan region (M.S.) was undertaken with a cross sectional sample of 120 bitter gourd cultivators. The per hectare physical input utilization indicated that, the proportion of family labour days was more (53.50%) than hired labour days (46.00%) with per hectare average of 267.84 labour days. Regarding other inputs Rs.5045.00 of supporting and shading materials, 148.90 kg N, 116.60 kg P 2 O 5 , 19.88 kg K 2 O, 34.58 q FYM, 637.07 kg mulching materials, and netting materials Rs.1242.40 wire and Rs.1200.00 net and 13.40 hrs/ha of machine labour were used. The Cobb-Doug production function analysis revealed that, the intensive use of seed (kg), fertilizers (kg), irrigation (hrs) and supporting materials had positive and significant influence on production. The co-efficient of determination (R 2 ) indicated that 86.00 per cent variation in bitter gourd production. The functional analysis indicated to reallocate available resources to increase the profit from cultivation of bitter gourd by proper management of available resources and given technology.
The Blind Teacher, Creativity, and the Multi-Sensory Classroom:

□ The innovative classroom of the blind teacher closely resembles the prototype which current research in creativity establishes. Such a classroom frees the imagination and develops skills which ar...
Racial and Gender Inequality and School Discipline: Toward a More Comprehensive View of School Policy:

Researchers often examine how a single policy is implemented, without considering the role that other policies and programs may play in how that policy is understood and enacted. For instance, curr...
Inference with recursive rules

Recursive rules, such as "Your parents' ancestors are your ancestors", although very useful for theorem proving, natural language understanding, questions-answering and information retrieval systems, present problems for many such systems, either causing infinite loops or requiring that arbitrarily many copies of them be made. We have written an inference system that can use recursive rules without either of these problems. The solution appeared automatically from a technique designed to avoid redundant work. A recursive rule causes a cycle to be built in an AND/OR graph of active processes. Each pass of data through the cycle resulting in another answer. Cycling stops as soon as either the desired answer is produced, no more answers can be produced, or resource bounds are exceeded.
Histone methylation and the DNA damage response

Preserving genome function and stability are paramount for ensuring cellular homeostasis, an imbalance in which can promote diseases including cancer. In the presence of DNA lesions, cells activate pathways referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR). As nuclear DNA is bound by histone proteins and organized into chromatin in eukaryotes, DDR pathways have evolved to sense, signal and repair DNA damage within the chromatin environment. Histone proteins, which constitute the building blocks of chromatin, are highly modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate chromatin structure and function. An essential histone PTM involved in the DDR is histone methylation, which is regulated by histone methyltransferase (HMT) and histone demethylase (HDM) enzymes that add and remove methyl groups on lysine and arginine residues within proteins respectively. Methylated histones can alter how proteins interact with chromatin, including their ability to be bound by reader proteins that recognize these PTMs. Here, we review histone methylation in the context of the DDR, focusing on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a particularly toxic lesion that can trigger genome instability and cell death. We provide a comprehensive overview of histone methylation changes that occur in response to DNA damage and how the enzymes and reader proteins of these marks orchestrate the DDR. Finally, as many epigenetic pathways including histone methylation are altered in cancer, we discuss the potential involvement of these pathways in the etiology and treatment of this disease.
Ynol Ethers as Ketene Equivalents in Rhodium-Catalyzed Intermolecular [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions

The previously unexplored metal-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloadditions of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and electron-rich alkynes (ynol ethers) have been found to provide a highly efficient, direct route to dioxygenated seven-membered rings, a common feature of numerous natural and non-natural targets and building blocks for synthesis. The reactions proceed in high yield at room temperature and tolerate a broad range of functionalities. Substituted VCPs were found to react with high regioselectivity.
Network Structure and Function in Parkinson’s Disease

Little is known of the structural and functional properties of abnormal brain networks associated with neurological disorders. We used a social network approach to characterize the properties of the Parkinson's disease (PD) metabolic topography in 4 independent patient samples and in an experimental non-human primate model. The PD network exhibited distinct features. Dense, mutually facilitating functional connections linked the putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus to form a metabolically active core. The periphery was formed by weaker connections linking less active cortical regions. Notably, the network contained a separate module defined by interconnected, metabolically active nodes in the cerebellum, pons, frontal cortex, and limbic regions. Exaggeration of the small-world property was a consistent feature of disease networks in parkinsonian humans and in the non-human primate model; this abnormality was only partly corrected by dopaminergic treatment. The findings point to disease-related alterations in network structure and function as the basis for faulty information processing in this disorder.
Perioperative Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Unplanned Intubation After Lung Resection

OBJECTIVE Postoperative respiratory failure requiring reintubation is associated with a significant increase in mortality. However, perioperative risk factors and their effects on unplanned 30-day reintubation and postoperative outcomes after unplanned reintubation following lung resection are not described well. The aim of this study was to determine whether certain comorbidities, demographic factors, and postoperative outcomes are associated with 30-day reintubation after thoracic surgery. DESIGN This was a retrospective observational study using multivariable logistic regression to identify preoperative risk factors and consequences of unplanned 30-day reintubation. SETTING Multi-institutional, prospective, surgical outcome-oriented database study. PARTICIPANTS Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, video-assisted thorascopic surgery and thoracotomy lung resections (lobectomy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, bilobectomy, pneumonectomy) were analyzed by Common Procedural Terminology codes from the years 2007 to 2016 in 16,696 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS The final analysis included 16,696 patients, of who 593 (3.5%) underwent unplanned reintubation. Among the final study population, 137 (23%) of unplanned intubations occurred within 24 hours postoperatively and the median (25%, 75% quartile) day of reintubation was day 3 (2, 8 days). The final multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification score ≥4, dyspnea with moderate exertion and at rest, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, male sex, smoking, functional dependence, steroid use, open thoracotomies, increased operation time, and preoperative laboratory results (albumin and hematocrit) were associated with unplanned intubation after lung resection (p < 0.05). Unplanned intubation was associated significantly with 30-day mortality, reoperation, postoperative blood transfusion, and increased hospital length of stay (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nonmodifiable and modifiable preoperative risk factors were associated with increased odds of unplanned reintubation. Patients who experienced unplanned intubation were at considerable risk for 30-day mortality, reoperation, postoperative blood transfusion, and increased hospital length of stay.
High Confidence Level Calibration for AFM Based Fracture Testing of Nanobeams

When designing micro- or nanoelectromechanical systems, (MEMS and NEMS), it is important to consider whether structural elements will withstand loads experienced during operation. Fracture behavior at length scales present in MEMS and NEMS is much different than at macro- and mesoscopic scales. Due to a smaller probability of crystal defects and a high surface to volume ratio, fracture is controlled by surface characteristics rather than volumetric ones. Prior measurements using doubly clamped Si beams loaded with an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that fracture of Si nanobeams is highly affected by surface roughness (Alan T et al., Appl Phys Lett 89:091901, 2006) and oxidation (Alan T et al., Appl Phys Lett 89:231905, 2006). In experiments of this type, calibration of the system, particularly the AFM cantilever stiffness, is critical to the accuracy of both the force and displacement results. A new set of experiments are underway in which the tests are performed by adapting a direct, traceable method for calibrating the AFM cantilever stiffness (Ying ZC et al., Rev Sci Instrum 78:063708, 2007). The improved calibration should not only improve the accuracy of the strength results but will allow linear stiffness measurements of the sample to be used to back out sample thickness, a key parameter in interpretation of the data.
Teaching with Stories: Ecology, Haraway, and Pedagogical Practice

Haraway foregrounds many stories that we, in a late capitalist era, tell ourselves in order to justify, or not even notice, actions that are harmful to all living things. While I am mindful of Haraway’s excellent attention to the ways that ‘stories tell stories, thoughts think thoughts, and knots knot knots,’ I argue that we must take great care when we, as educators, blur the lines between facts and fiction; reality and art. When everything becomes a story—with some stories simply being more compelling than other stories—we run the risk of contributing to the very sense of unmooring (from each other, from all living, from the earth) that has led us to the status quo where arctic icecaps are melting, living things are becoming extinct, and humans are suffering from man-made pollution. In this paper, I trouble the use of stories to draw attention to the ecological harm we have done to our earth. While stories can be powerful, there are risks associated with how we tell stories; and particular risks when we blur the lines between critical storytelling and the idea of something as ‘factual’. Storytelling, and blurring the lines between stories and facts, can have negative implications for our quest to generate a sense of ‘response-ability’ for our planet and all who live on it. In order to make that argument, I first talk about my own story and the ways that I have used stories in the classroom. I then touch on Haraway and her particular use of (and argument for the use of) stories. I then foreground the practice of telling truths with stories by exploring the use of critical fiction and narrative inquiry. I conclude with implications for pedagogy.
Gioia’s Rules of the Game*:

I have been editing the “Provocations and Provocateurs” section of JMI since 2005. In all that time, I have not written an essay for my own section. I am redressing that gross injustice to myself i...
Benign Bone Tumors about the Hip

Hip pain can often be a challenging patient complaint with a complicated differential diagnosis, in part because there are numerous etiologies of both primary and referred hip pain. It is critical that clinicians be able to properly diagnose and treat these etiologies. Here, the authors present the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of various benign bone tumors around the hip to help clinicians accurately identify these conditions.
Stability analysis of a deterministic model of Zika/Dengue co-circulation

We consider a deterministic model of Zika and Dengue viruses co-circulating in a human population. We study the system of differential equations modeling the dynamics of the diseases that can eithe...
Power Generation Using Solid-State Heat Engines

This chapter presents a brief overview of solid-state devices for direct conversion of heat to electricity in applications such as waste heat recovery and solar power generation. The necessity of these power generators with respect to the current energy landscape is discussed. The history and the physics of the most commonly used solid-state heat engines, namely thermoelectric power generators, are briefly reviewed. Despite the old history of thermoelectric modules, many new innovations, new materials, and new design strategies have emerged in the past few decades. Many of the new innovations in materials design are based on understanding and the capability to synthesize low-dimensional materials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, single atomic sheets, and superlattices. By introducing nanoscale features inside bulk materials, their properties can be modified and by controlling the size, shape, and type of embedded structures, material properties such as thermal, optical, and electronic properties can be tuned. One of the most successful techniques in improving thermoelectric properties of different bulk materials is the nanostructuring technique which introduces closely packed interfaces to predominantly scatter phonons. This technique was first demonstrated in 2009 and has been applied to many materials in recent years. Despite the advances, there are still key challenges in the field and many unexplored pathways.
Management of Skin Cancers in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

The number of organ transplant recipients continues to rise in the United States, with nearly 30,000 organ transplant procedures performed in 2007 and 225,000 organ transplant recipients currently living in the United States.1 While long-term survival after organ transplantation has also increased, with the 3-year survival rate for kidney and heart transplants approaching 90%,2 as many as 70% of organ transplant recipients will ultimately develop skin cancer.
Elasticity and energy dissipation in the double network hydrogel adhesive of the slug Arion subfuscus

The slug Arion subfuscus produces a mucus-based defensive secretion that is remarkably tough. This glue appears to be a double network hydrogel, gaining its toughness through the synergistic actions of two networks of polymers, a relatively stiff network and a relatively deformable network. The double network mechanism has great potential to guide the development of synthetic adhesives. Mechanical tests were performed to analyse key predictions of the mechanism. Stress relaxation tests and tensile tests support the presence of stable cross-links. Cyclic stress-strain tests demonstrate that the glue dissipates a great deal of energy through the failure of these cross-links as sacrificial bonds. Energy dissipation by failure of sacrificial bonds rather than viscous processes is supported by the minimal effect of the time course of the experiments on the measured properties. These sacrificial bonds appear able to reform within minutes after failure. Finally, the glue's stiffness decreases at pH values below 5.5, whereas magnesium and calcium rapidly dissociate from the glue at all pH values tested. Thus, these ions may not be the primary cross-linkers generating the glue's stiffness. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
Ten catalytic snapshots of rhomboid intramembrane proteolysis from gate opening to peptide release.

Protein cleavage inside the cell membrane triggers various pathophysiological signaling pathways, but the mechanism of catalysis is poorly understood. We solved ten structures of the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease in a bicelle membrane undergoing time-resolved steps that encompass the entire proteolytic reaction on a transmembrane substrate and an aldehyde inhibitor. Extensive gate opening accompanied substrate, but not inhibitor, binding, revealing that substrates and inhibitors take different paths to the active site. Catalysis unexpectedly commenced with, and was guided through subsequent catalytic steps by, motions of an extracellular loop, with local contributions from active site residues. We even captured the elusive tetrahedral intermediate that is uncleaved but covalently attached to the catalytic serine, about which the substrate was forced to bend dramatically. This unexpectedly stable intermediate indicates rhomboid catalysis uses an unprecedented reaction coordinate that may involve mechanically stressing the peptide bond, and could be selectively targeted by inhibitors. Time-resolved crystallography captures Escherichia coli rhomboid protease GlpG in different steps of catalysis, revealing how substrate reaches the active site and reaction intermediates.
Detailed 3-dimensional body shape features predict body composition, blood metabolites, and functional strength: the Shape Up! studies.

Background Three-dimensional optical (3DO) body scanning has been proposed for automatic anthropometry. However, conventional measurements fail to capture detailed body shape. More sophisticated shape features could better indicate health status. Objectives The objectives were to predict DXA total and regional body composition, serum lipid and diabetes markers, and functional strength from 3DO body scans using statistical shape modeling. Methods Healthy adults underwent whole-body 3DO and DXA scans, blood tests, and strength assessments in the Shape Up! Adults cross-sectional observational study. Principal component analysis was performed on registered 3DO scans. Stepwise linear regressions were performed to estimate body composition, serum biomarkers, and strength using 3DO principal components (PCs). 3DO model accuracy was compared with simple anthropometric models and precision was compared with DXA. Results This analysis included 407 subjects. Eleven PCs for each sex captured 95% of body shape variance. 3DO body composition accuracy to DXA was: fat mass R2 = 0.88 male, 0.93 female; visceral fat mass R2 = 0.67 male, 0.75 female. 3DO body fat test-retest precision was: root mean squared error = 0.81 kg male, 0.66 kg female. 3DO visceral fat was as precise (%CV = 7.4 for males, 6.8 for females) as DXA (%CV = 6.8 for males, 7.4 for females). Multiple 3DO PCs were significantly correlated with serum HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR, independent of simple anthropometrics. 3DO PCs improved prediction of isometric knee strength (combined model R2 = 0.67 male, 0.59 female; anthropometrics-only model R2 = 0.34 male, 0.24 female). Conclusions 3DO body shape PCs predict body composition with good accuracy and precision comparable to existing methods. 3DO PCs improve prediction of serum lipid and diabetes markers, and functional strength measurements. The safety and accessibility of 3DO scanning make it appropriate for monitoring individual body composition, and metabolic health and functional strength in epidemiological settings.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03637855.
'Compass and Chart': Millenarian Textbooks and World History Instruction in Boston, 1821-1923

When America’s first public high school, Boston’s English High School opened in 1821, the curriculum included a class in world history, then called “General History.” Boston’s first world history textbook, Samuel Whelpley’s (1806) Compend of history from earliest times was inspired by a composite ideology that Lawrence Cremin (1980) called “civic piety,” an amalgamation of nationalism, Eurocentrism, republicanism, evangelicism, racism, and Millenarianism. This ideology organized the narrative core of Whelpley’s textbook, which traced the rise of the Protestant Church through time to the United States, where the American nation prepared for the twin Millennia of universal salvation and universal democracy. Subsequent generations of world history textbooks in Boston found new protagonists — first the Aryan race and then “the West” — but they never replaced the twin teleologies of civic piety. A century of curricular reforms to Boston’s world history never challenged the boundaries of this Millenarian narrative structure.
Geographic Variation in Outcomes After Burn Injury: A Burn Model System National Database Study.

BACKGROUND Geography is an important yet underexplored factor that may influence the care and outcomes of burn survivors. This study aims to examine the impact of geography on physical and psychosocial function after burn injury. METHODS Data from the Burn Model Systems National Database (1997-2015) were analyzed. Individuals 18 years and older who were alive at discharge were included. Physical and psychosocial functions were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury using the following patient-reported outcome measures: Community Integration Questionnaire, Physical Composite Scale and Mental Composite Scale of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, Satisfaction with Appearance Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic and medical data, and mixed regression models were used to assess the impact of geography on long-term outcomes. RESULTS The study included 469 burn survivors from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services regions 10, 31 from region 8, 477 from region 6, 267 from region 3, and 41 from region 1. Participants differed significantly by region in terms of race/ethnicity, burn size, burn etiology, and acute care length of stay (P < 0.001). In adjusted mixed model regression analyses, scores of all 5 evaluated outcome measures were found to differ significantly by region (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Several long-term physical and psychosocial outcomes of burn survivors vary significantly by region. This variation is not completely explained by differences in population characteristics. Understanding these geographical differences may improve care for burn survivors and inform future policy and resource allocation.
Targeted temperature Management in Cardiac Arrest Patients with a non-Shockable rhythm: A National Perspective

Introduction Retrospective studies have shown conflicting benefit of utilizing targeted temperature management (TTM) in cardiac arrest (CA) patients with a non-shockable rhythm and presently there is only one randomized trial in this realm. We sought to determine trends and outcomes of TTM utilization in these patients from a large nationally representative United States population database. Methods and Results Data were derived from National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 2006 to December 2013. All patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Patients with evidence of shockable rhythm (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation) were excluded. Trends in TTM utilization and mortality were assessed over our study period. Various outcomes were measured in patients receiving TTM and no TTM in unmatched and propensity matched cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine predictors of mortality. A total of 1,185,479 CA patients were identified in whom cause of arrest was a non-shockable rhythm. Overall, there was a steady increase in TTM utilization over our study period. In propensity-matched groups, mortality was higher in patients in whom TTM was utilized compared to non-TTM group (72.9% vs 68.7%, P Conclusions TTM utilization was associated with increased mortality in CA patients with a non-shockable rhythm. These findings merit further confirmation in a large randomized trial before application into clinical practice.
Extreme Stock Market Performers, Part III: What are their Observable Characteristics?

Firms with the best decade-horizon shareholder outcomes differ substantially on average from other firms in terms of characteristics that can be observed and objectively measured during the same decade. Most notably, top-performing firms have rapid asset growth, and in particular have strong cash accumulation. Top-performing firms are more profitable on average, despite higher R&D spending. Top performing firms in terms of accumulated rates of return tend to be younger and have more volatile returns as compared to more ordinary firms, while top performing firms in terms of dollar shareholder wealth creation tend to be older and do not have particularly volatile returns. The skewness of monthly returns does not have significant explanatory power for which firms have extremely strong decade-horizon outcomes.
The Critical Imperative: Evidence‐Based Practices to Strengthen Leadership Development

Using the Aspen Young Leaders Fellowship as a case study, the authors assert that leadership educators have a responsibility to apply critical perspectives to their work with evidence-based practice, which involves interrogating assumptions as well as reconstructing pedagogical and design practices to increase equity in leadership education.
Degradation of Transparent Conductive Oxides, and the Beneficial Role of Interfacial Layers

The lifetime performance and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules are critical factors in their successful deployment. Interfaces in thin film PV, such as that between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrode and the absorber layer, are frequently an avenue for degradation; this degradation is promoted by exposure to environmental stressors such as irradiance, heat and humidity. Understanding and suppressing TCO degradation is critical to improving stability and extending the lifetime. Commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) were exposed to damp heat (DH), ASTM G154 cycle 4, and modified ASTM G154 for up to 1000 hours. The TCOs’ electrical and optical properties and surface energies were determined before and after each exposure and their relative degradation classified. Data demonstrate that AZO degraded most rapidly of all the TCOs, whereas ITO and FTO degraded at lower to non-quantifiable rates. One approach to suppress degradation could be to use interfacial layers (IFLs), including organofunctional silane layers, to modify the TCO. We modified the TCO surfaces using a variety of organofunctional silanes, and determined a range of surface energies could be obtained without affecting the electrical and optical properties of the TCO. Degradation studies of TCOs with a silane layer were also conducted. We found that an inhomogeneous silane layer was able to delay the resistivity increase for ITO in DH.
Deep Space Network Scheduling via Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) is a globally-spanning communications network responsible for supporting the interplanetary spacecraft missions of NASA and other international users. The DSN is a highly utilized asset, and the large demand for its’ services makes the assignment of DSN resources a daunting computational problem. In this paper we study the DSN scheduling problem, which is the problem of assigning the DSN’s limited resources to its users within a given time horizon. The DSN scheduling problem is oversubscribed, meaning that only a subset of the activities can be scheduled, and network operators must decide which activities to exclude from the schedule. We first formulate this challenging scheduling task as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization problem. Next, we develop a sequential algorithm which solves the resulting MILP formulation to produce valid schedules for large-scale instances of the DSN scheduling problem. We use real world DSN data from week 44 of 2016 in order to evaluate our algorithm’s performance. We find that given a fixed run time, our algorithm outperforms a simple implementation of our MILP model, generating a feasible schedule in which 17% more activities are scheduled by the algorithm than by the simple implementation. We design a non-MILP based heuristic to further validate our results. We find that our algorithm also outperforms this heuristic, scheduling 8% more activities and 20% more tracking time than the best results achieved by the non-MILP implementation.
Recent advances in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Purpose of review This review examines recently published randomized placebo-controlled trials for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Recent findings Until recently, treatments for NMOSD were used-off label and had not been subjected to randomized placebo-controlled trials. Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of NMOSD, particularly aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, lead to the investigation of eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab for maintenance therapy. Eculizumab inhibits the cleavage of the terminal complement protein C5, inebilizumab depletes immune cells of B-lymphocyte lineage, and satralizumab inhibits interleukin-6 receptors. International, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that each of these therapies reduces the risk of NMOSD relapse. In some cases, the studied therapies were administered in conjunction with other immunosuppressants. Each therapy has important safety considerations, notably risk of meningococcal infection with eculizumab and risks of infection and hypogammaglobulinemia with inebilizumab. Reviewing trial design highlights future areas of inquiry for the treatment of NMOSD. Summary Eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab are effective maintenance therapies approved for the treatment of AQP-4 seropositive NMOSD.
Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

With proven efficacy of the use of immunotherapy in almost all stages of NSCLC, immunotherapy toxicity has become a very important topic that requires immediate recognition and management. The diagnosis of toxicities associated with immunotherapy in lung cancer can be very challenging and often requires multidisciplinary effort. This mini review gives an overview of the diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse events that arise from using immunotherapy in NSCLC, as well as the potential biomarkers for its early identification and future directions.
Interpreting the Clinical Significance of Capacity Scores for Informed Consent in Alzheimer Disease (AD) Clinical Trials

Among Alzheimer disease (AD) patients enrolled in a clinical trial, the authors assessed the ability of a standardized capacity assessment procedure to identify persons who are capable of giving their own informed consent. Cross-sectional interview. Thirteen sites participating in a randomized and placebo controlled study of simvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Persons with mild to moderate AD and their study partners enrolled in the simvastatin clinical trial. Interviews to assess decision-making capacity using the MacArthur Competency Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR). Judges blinded to the subject's clinical status had a high rate of agreement on patients capable of giving their own informed consent (kappa=0.73). The understanding subscale had the best receiver operator characteristic and an analysis of positive and negative predictive values over a range of hypothetical prevalences of incapacity to consent demonstrated the value of a range of understanding cut-points. Among mild to moderate AD patients, enrolled in an actual clinical trial, these results suggest evidence based guidelines for using the MacCAT-CR understanding subscale to help guide judgments about whether a patient has the capacity to consent.
2D versus 3D Endoscopy: Head-to-Head Comparison in a Simulated Model of Endoscopic Endonasal Dural Suturing

Objective Endonasal dural suturing (EDS) has been reported to decrease the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This technique requires handling of single-shaft instrumentation in the narrow endonasal corridor. It has been proposed that three-dimensional (3D) endoscopes were associated with improved depth perception. In this study, we sought to perform a comparison of two-dimensional (2D) versus 3D endoscopy by assessing surgical proficiency in a simulated model of EDS. Materials and Methods Twenty-six participants subdivided into groups based on previous endoscopic experience were asked to pass barbed sutures through preset targets with either 2D (Storz Hopkins II) or 3D (Storz TIPCAM) endoscopes on 3D-printed simulation model. Surgical precision and procedural time were measured. All participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire. Results Novice, intermediate, and expert groups took 11.0, 8.7, and 5.7 minutes with 2D endoscopy and 10.9, 9.0, and 7.6 minutes with 3D endoscopy, respectively. The average deviation for novice, intermediate, and expert groups (mm) was 5.5, 4.4, and 4.3 with 2D and 6.6, 4.6, and 3.0 with 3D, respectively. No significant difference in procedural time or accuracy was found in 2D versus 3D endoscopy. 2D endoscopic visualization was preferred by the majority of expert/intermediate participants, while 3D endoscopic visualization by the novice group. Conclusion In this pilot study, there was no statistical difference in procedural time or accuracy when utilizing 2D versus 3D endoscopes. While it is possible that widespread familiarity with 2D endoscopic equipment has biased this study, preliminary analysis suggests that 3D endoscopy offers no definitive advantage over 2D endoscopy in this simulated model of EDS.
Diagnosis of congenital myasthenic syndromes by target capture/next generation sequencing (P2.023)

Introduction: Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in neuromuscular transmission. These include the presynaptic choline acetyl transferase, the synaptic basal lamina associated proteins, postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor and other proteins as well as a group of glycosylation enzymes. CMS are treatable, thus a confirmed molecular diagnosis is necessary for an accurate therapy. Methods: All coding exons and at least 20 bp of flanking intronic sequences of 246 neuromuscular disease related genes including 18 genes known to cause CMS are enriched followed by massively parallel sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2000. Results: All 18 patients studied exhibited defects in neuromuscular transmission. Nine of the 11 available muscle biopsies showed myopathic changes. Deleterious or likely deleterious variants in CMS related genes were identified in all patients. Autosomal recessive mutations were identified in 10 patients (3 GFPT1 and one each in AGRN, CHAT, COLQ, PLEC, CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRNE). Two patients had autosomal dominant mutations in CHRNE and CHRND. Three of the 6 patients with likely diagnosis harbored only one definite AR mutation in each of COLQ, LAMB2, and DOK7. The remaining three patients had mutations in genes not known to be associated with CMS. One patient had AD mutation in DNMT1 for HSN1E, while another had two AD mutations in MPZ and DNM2 for CMT2I and 2M. The last patient carried two AR NEB variants for nebulin myopathy and one AD REEP1 variant for distal hereditary motor neuronopathy VB. Conclusion: Target gene capture/NGS approach can greatly improve the diagnostic yield of CMS. The mutation detection rate is near 100[percnt]. It demonstrated the power of panel NGS analysis, not only to confirm the diagnosis but also to expand phenotypes and genotypes of the extremely heterogeneous CMS, as well as to guide accurate therapies. Disclosure: Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose.
Direct Searches for Primitive Forms of Life

While electromagnetic searches have the advantage that they can be conducted without actually sending a material object or device to a suspected host of extraterrestrial life, there are also limitations to this method of exploration. The biosphere or organisms may not produce observable radiation and some kinds of experiments, such as chemical analysis of soils, which are routine in studies of terrestrial life, are not possible. The NASA astrobiology program and related programs in other countries complements SETI searches by sending robotic probes to the planets and moons of our solar system. The limitation to our solar system is imposed by practical limitations as we have discussed in Chap. 6. Sending material probes to other stars would take about \(10^4\) years or more using present technology. (NASA does contemplate long term development of an interstellar probe). Here we briefly discuss results from such studies of Mars, Europa, a moon of Jupiter and Titan, a moon of Saturn. These are the objects of greatest current interest in the astrobiological efforts of NASA
Toward a Disciplinary Pedagogy for Legal Education

Toward A Disciplinary Pedagogy for Legal Education is an outgrowth of the Colloquium - Legal Writing As Doctrine, held at the Southeast Legal Writing Conference in Savannah (2013). The article addresses Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) and Writing in the Disciplines (WID) in the law school context. However, unlike other articles on legal writing that have discussed these topics, it is does not endorse a mere transport or repackaging of WAC/WID in a legal writing context. Rather, the article reimagines composition theory as the foundation of legal education. This Article explores WAC/WID and its application in legal educational contexts in six main parts. Part I is a brief history of the politics and pedagogy of disciplinary writing instruction in post-secondary education and in law schools. Part II places WAC/WID in its historical context at the university and in law schools, and investigates how efforts to implement the same in law school curricula exacerbate the skills/knowledge divide. Part III is an introduction to discourse and genre theory and its potential to aid legal educators in creating a writing-centered, discipline-specific pedagogy in law schools. Part IV provides an example of a writing-centered, discipline-specific curricular model using WID pedagogy. Part V discusses how discourse and genre theory can help pre-law and new law students build bridges between legal and non-legal discourse communities - undergraduate disciplines, graduate disciplines, and the law. Lastly, Part VI provides a specific teaching example utilizing discourse and genre theory to demonstrate how to build those bridges between different discourse communities. This Article concludes with a brief discussion of the barriers and benefits to implementing a writing-centered curriculum in law schools.
The Big Bang's Radical Brother

A Different Approach to Cosmology From a Static Universe Through the Big Bang Towards Reality. Fred Hoyle, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Jayant V. Narlikar. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2000. 369 pp. $59.95, £35. ISBN 0-521-66223-0. Rejecting the Big Bang models favored by most cosmologists, the authors present a polemical summary of the steady state alternative they have developed and defended over the last several decades.
Development of the enteric nervous system in the moth. I. Diversity of cell types and the embryonic expression of FMRFamide-related neuropeptides

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the larval moth Manduca sexta consists of two small ganglia and several nerve networks that lie superficially along the alimentary tract. Within this system are approximately 600 neurons that exhibit a spectrum of biochemical and morphological characteristics and that express these features in a definable sequence during development. The accessibility of both the neural and nonneural components of the moth ENS throughout embryogenesis makes it a potentially useful model in which to examine the developmental regulation of transmitter phenotype. In this paper, we have focused on the differentiation of the enteric plexus (EP) cells, a heterogeneous population of enteric neurons that are distributed across the foregut-midgut boundary. Unlike many neurons of the CNS in insects, the cells of the enteric plexus are not uniquely identifiable. While the total number of EP cells is constant, their locations vary significantly from animal to animal. However, several distinct classes of neurons can be identified within this population on the basis of morphology and transmitter phenotype, including one class that contains substances related to the molluscan peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide). Expression of this FMRFamide-like material within the enteric plexus is position-specific, occurring only in neurons on the midgut and not in those on the foregut. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity first appears in approximately one-third of these cells at 65% of development; this pattern is retained without apparent modification throughout subsequent embryonic and postembryonic development. In the following paper, we describe the sequence of stereotyped cell migration that precedes the expression of this peptidergic phenotype and that underlies the formation of the enteric plexus during embryogenesis.
Kolcio, Movable Pillars: Organizing Dance 1956–1978

While accomplishing an important service to the field of dance through strong argumentation, this book's organization unfortunately relegates oral sources to secondary status.1Four initial chapters...