cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explicit vs. Tacit Leadership in Influencing the Behavior of Swarms

Many researchers have employed some form of teleoperated leader to influence a robotic swarm; however, the way in which this influence is conveyed has not been well studied. Some researchers employ designated leaders that are known to be leaders by other members of the swarm and hence followed. Others do not impose a leader/follower distinction on the swarm’s algorithms and instead choose to influence the swarm indirectly through controlling one or more of its members. This paper compares leader-based methods of each type, designated as consensus (no explicit leader/follower distinction) and flooding (influence propagating from leader takes precedence). We compared the two methods for convergence time and properties in noisy and noiseless conditions with static and dynamic graphs. We found that consensus converged much slower than flooding but had slightly better noise tolerance. In the human experiments we compared the ability of operators to maneuver a swarm to goal points using each method, both with and without sensing error. As in simulation, the flooding method was significantly more effective in moving the swarm between goal points. The greater sensitivity of flooding to error found in simulation, however, was not observed in the human experiments. Instead, the error degraded performance equally across the two conditions
Exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations-the generalized Beltrami flows, review and extension

Exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are rare. This paper reviews the existing exact solutions of the generalized Beltrami flows. Several new solutions are presented.
Rodney Stark, For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery

(2005). Rodney Stark, For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery. Political Theology: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 141-143.
Amino Acid Changes in the Coat Protein of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Differentially Affect Transmission by the Aphids Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) transmission by two aphid species was investigated using strains of the virus with modified coat proteins. Chimeric viral RNA 3 cDNA constructs were designed with coat protein-encoding sequences from the efficiently aphid-transmitted Fny-CMV and the very poorly aphid-transmitted M-CMV. Different regions of the viral coat protein variably influenced transmission; the magnitude of effects depended on the aphid species used as vector. Five amino acid changes in the coat protein of M-CMV (positions 25, 129, 162, 168, and 214) were required to restore efficient transmission by Myzus persicae. This contrasts with previously demonstrated, more limited changes required for restoration of transmission by Aphis gossypii. A construct with modified amino acids 129, 162, and 168 was efficiently transmitted by A. gossypii, while remaining poorly transmissible by M. persicae. Transmission of Fny-CMV by single aphids of A. gossypii and M. persicae was 54.0% and 27.9%, respectively. Single coat protein amino acid changes in Fny-CMV dramatically reduced transmission by M. persicae, while showing little effect on transmission by A. gossypii.
Lightning effects at high altitudes: sprites, elves, and terrestrial gamma ray flashes

Abstract A fascinating set of newly discovered complex phenomena indicate that thunderstorms and lightning discharges are strongly coupled to the overlying upper atmospheric regions. Lightning discharges at cloud altitudes ( 40 km either via the release of intense electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and/or the production of intense quasi-static electric (QE) fields. The intense transient QE fields of up to ∼1 kV·m −1 , which for positive CG discharges is directed downwards, can avalanche accelerate upward-driven runaway MeV electron beams, producing brief (∼1 ms) flashes of gamma radiation. A spectacular manifestation of these intense fields is the so-called ‘Sprites’, large luminous discharges in the altitude range of ∼40 km to 90 km, which are produced by the heating of ambient electrons for a few to tens of milliseconds following intense lightning flashes. The so-called ‘Elves’ are optical flashes which last much shorter ( To cite this article: U.S. Inan, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 1411–1421.
Quantitative analysis of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in mammalian cells (CHO/HGPRT system)☆

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in cell culture were utilized to study the cytotoxic and mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene (BP). A liver homogenate (S9) prepared from Arochlor 1254 induced male Sprague-Dawley rats was employed to mediate the biotransformation of the promutagen. The dependence of the induction of 6-thioguanine(TG)-resistant mutants on parameters such as BP concentration, amount of S9 protein, ionic composition of the S9 mix and treatment time was determined. Under optimal conditions with a 5-h treatment time, BP mutagenicity can be described as 185 mutants/10(6) cells per microM BP per mg/ml S9 protein.
Urinary hyaluronic acid is a Wilms' tumor marker

Wilms' tumor is a renal neoplasm that is histologically similar to fetal kidney tissue. Both Wilms' tumor and the fetal kidney have high levels of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) in the extracellular matrix. Preliminary studies suggest that urinary HA levels are elevated in Wilms' tumor patients. To test the utility of urinary HA as a Wilms' tumor marker, the authors compared HA levels in urine specimens from 105 Wilms' tumor patients with those of 17 age-matched controls. Preoperative urine samples (n = 92), early postoperative samples, obtained from 1 to 3 weeks after surgery (n = 63), and late postoperative samples, obtained from 1 to 6 months after surgery (n = 58) were collected from patients at 30 institutions between 1989 and 1993. The HA levels were determined in triplicate by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent binding assay. Seventy-four percent of the preoperative urine specimens contained elevated HA levels compared with the controls. The preoperative HA levels were significantly higher than the early postoperative (P < .01), late postoperative (P < .01), and control levels (P < .01). There was significant correlation between preoperative HA levels and clinical tumor staging. The mean preoperative HA level for patients with histological evidence of nephroblastomatosis was higher than that for patients without nephroblastomatosis. In the late postoperative period, patients with relapse or persistent disease had higher levels of urinary HA than did the disease-free patients (P < .05). In Wilms' tumor patients, urinary HA levels are elevated preoperatively and decline progressively after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Filtration: A Melt Refining Method

Current practice of industrial filter design for melt systems is usually one of trial and error. This paper presents an approach for comparing different filter media on a quantitative basis. In addition, process variables which affect filtration efficiency are identified and quantified.
Fourier transform mass spectrometry

The fundamental principles of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) are presented. The motion of ions in a FTMS analyzer can be understood in terms of the magnetic and electric fields present in the FTMS analyzer cell. Ion motion is illustrated with the results of ion trajectory calculations under both collision-free conditions and at high pressure. Dipolar and quadrupolar excitation are described and compared. Practical considerations in obtaining ultra-high-mass resolution and accuracy are discussed. The FTMS experiment is a series of events (ionization excitation, detection) that occur in sequence. Pulse sequences for mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric experiments are presented.
Hybrid learning of search control for partial-order planning

This paper presents results on applying a version of the Dolphin search-control learning system to speed up a partial-order planner. Dolphin integrates explanation-based and inductive learning techniques to acquire e ective clause-selection rules for Prolog programs. A version of the UCPOP partial-order planning algorithm has been implemented as a Prolog program and Dolphin used to automatically learn domain-speci c search control rules that help eliminate backtracking. The resulting system is shown to produce signi cant speedup in several planning domains.
Lyman-Break Galaxies

■ Abstract In this paper we review the properties of Lyman-break galaxies, namely starburst galaxies at high redshifts, approximately in the range 2:5 2:5, including1000 spectroscopic redshifts and another few thousands of robust candidates. This dataset has allowed us an unprecedented look at fundamental properties of galaxies at 20% of the Hubble time or less. In this paper, we discuss the nature of the Lyman-break galaxies and their properties, including star-formation rate, stellar and total mass, chemical abundance, morphology, and interstellar medium (ISM) kinematics, and outline their contribution to the stellar content of the universe and their connection to the galaxies observed in the present-day universe. We also discuss what the properties of these galaxies, in particular their spatial clustering, imply about the mechanisms of galaxy formation and about the relationship between the underlying distribution of dark matter and the activity of star formation.
The Relationship of Pidginization, Creolization and Decreolization to Second Language Acquisition.

Schumann (1974) proposed that the pidginization process be used as a model for early second language acquisition (SLA) and that creolization serve as a model for the later stages of SLA. Subsequently, Schumann (1975, 1976, in press) elaborated the pidginization model arguing that social and psychological distance from the target language group cause persistence of pidginization in the speech of a second language learner. Stauble (1977) (following a suggestion by Bickerton 1975) has presented evidence that the process of decreolization is parallel to SLA. This paper attempts to reconcile these views by arguing that pidginization can account for early SLA, decreolization can account for the later stages of SLA and that creolization is inappropriate as a model for any aspect of the SLA process. In addition, this paper speaks to the issue of just what constitutes legitimate pidginization. Flick and Gilbert (1976) and Meisel (1975) have criticized the analogy between pidginization and SLA, but their arguments appear to be based on a narrow view of pidginization which equates the pidginization process with pidgin languages. This paper presents arguments for a broader view of pidginization (Samarin 1971) which can account for both early SLA and the formation of true pidgins.
Jews, Muslims and Bildung: the German-Jewish Orientalist Gustav Weil in Egypt

In the 19th century, German Jews made a disproportionate contribution to the academic study of Islam, a subject that fell under the rubric of Orientalism. One German-Jewish Orientalist, Gustav Weil (1808–1889), spent most of 1830–1835 in Algeria, Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire, writing for the German periodicals the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung and the Morgenblatt fur gebildete Stande. Weil's 1830s travel writing reflects 19th-century German-Jewish embourgeoisement, which entailed a strong commitment to the ideals of Bildung, rationalism, and universalism. This article focuses on the comparisons Weil draws between traditional Judaism and Islam and between Jewish and Islamic reform and modernization. After briefly discussing Weil's own education and career, it argues that Weil's discussion of Oriental Jewry, Jewish and Islamic reform, and education reform in Mehmed Ali's Egypt, exemplify how the Jewish question informed representations of the Orient and Islam in the European press.
Series Solutions for Boundary Value Problems using a Symbolic Successive Substitution Method

This paper presents a method for obtaining series solutions for boundary value problems (BVPs). The technique consists of converting the given two point BVP into an initial value problem (IVP). This IVP is then solved using the successive substitution method (SSM) with the boundary condition at the other endpoint as an additional constraint. The series solutions obtained by this process depend on both the independent variable and the parameters (such as reaction rate constants) that appear in the governing equations. The method is illustrated for both linear and nonlinear problems.
Secondary Lymphoma Involving Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma to the Skull: A Unique Example of Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis

Tumor-to-tumor metastases to the skull, presenting as a scalp mass, and thyroid follicular carcinoma presenting in that location are extremely rare. We present the case of a patient with recently diagnosed retroperitoneal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and an 8-year history of a non-tender large scalp-based mass. The scalp mass was an osteolytic enhancing lesion on imaging studies and diagnosed as metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the skull. The patient had no pre-existing history of thyroid cancer. This metastatic carcinoma was also secondarily involved with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This case illustrates a unique and previously unreported example of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in which both malignancies represent metastatic tumors to the skull with soft tissue extension presenting as a large scalp mass.
Biological Senses as Inspiring Model for Biomimetic Sensors

Organisms are using numerous sensors, known as receptors and/or senses, to control every aspect of their life and functions. These nature's sensors have been improved over millions of years of evolution to make them enormously effective. They provide information that is used to warn against excessive and/or dangerous conditions; sense location in space; assure the control of the size of their bodies and organs and at what point to stop growing; etc. Recognizing the capability of biological sensors, scientists and engineers are making great efforts to mimic them or using them as a model for inspiration. While some successes have been reported and biologically inspired sensors are being used in the control of various systems, biological sensors are still far superior in many ways. This manuscript provides an introductory review of some of the biological sensors and their mimicked functionality version.
Sodium chloride as a geophysical probe of a subsurface ocean on Enceladus

[1] Recent data from the Cassini spacecraft suggest that an ocean exists inside Saturn's satellite Enceladus. Here, we show that the size of an ocean can be estimated if the NaCl concentration of the ocean is known. We find that concentrations of aqueous NaCl reported by Postberg et al. (2009) imply a relatively large ocean, comprising at least 17% by mass of volatiles on Enceladus. Structural calculations indicate that this ocean would underlie more of Enceladus' surface than just the geologically active south polar region, consistent with modeling of localized tidal dissipation. Conduction calculations suggest that a half-global ocean can be maintained by steady-state tidal heating, provided that clathrate hydrate dominates Enceladus' ice shell. We also find that rapid freezing of oceanic water could release large fluxes of stored tidal heat, perhaps partly explaining the anomalous energy output of Enceladus. An alternative, saltier ocean model is also examined.
Integrating informatics in humanities activities and research

This blended theoretical and application-oriented panel will focus on the technologies, metadata standards, and professional tools useful in facilitating humanities activities and research for scholarly and general audiences. Humanities projects are currently being developed with new technical components which enhance overall scholarly use and relevance in this digital era. While digital library and collection projects have been developed on an individual and institutional level, work remains to be done in the area of broad pedagogical goals and community-driven expectations. Characteristics of the humanities disciplines - including the visual arts, history, and literature - will be analyzed with a focus on contextualizing those areas most applicable for digital activity modules and learning activities. This panel would consider how recent advances in digital humanities scholarship can align with ASIS&T members' expertise in interface design, retrieval, and users' information-seeking behavior. Activities related to the description of study objects including cataloging and subject alignment will be assessed and interrogated. Building on the concepts introduced at a 2008 AM panel discussion (http://www.asis.org/Conferences/AM08/papers/45.html), this panel will feature presenters' work toward bringing humane information resources both digitized and born-digital to web-based portals, and will advance a community-based information needs appraisal. An analysis of how the digital humanities can further support SIG-Arts & Humanities members' endeavors and research initiatives in a professional capacity will also be presented.
IEEE 754-2008 Decimal Floating-Point for Intel® Architecture Processors

A brief description is provided of the decimal floating-point support available for Intel® Architecture processors, compliant with the IEEE Standard 754-2008 for Floating-Point Arithmetic [1]. Some performance results are included.
Laser iridotomy and the corneal endothelium: a systemic review

This study aims to systemically review the effect of laser iridotomy on the corneal endothelium. Searches were performed for studies that either compared corneal endothelial cell density/count, corneal thickness and morphology pre- and postiridotomy, or evaluated the postiridotomy development of corneal decompensation. There were 26 eligible studies. Our review shows that the effect of laser iridotomy on the corneal endothelium has been investigated with varying results. Although it has been demonstrated to be a relatively safe procedure, there is still the potential long-term risk of corneal decompensation, for which a corneal transplantation may be indicated eventually. The longest interval between laser iridotomy and corneal decompensation reported was 8 years. Mechanisms proposed for endothelial damage include direct focal injury, thermal damage, mechanical shock waves, iris pigment dispersion, transient rise in intraocular pressure, inflammation, turbulent aqueous flow, time-dependent shear stress on endothelium, chronic breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier and damage from bubbles that settled onto the endothelium. Inherent risk factors identified were iridotrabecular contact, current or prior acute angle closure, pigmented irides, small iris-to-endothelium distance, pre-existing endothelial disease and diabetes. Intervention-related risk factors include laser type, delivery and quantity. The significance of the risk factors and their direct association with the development of corneal decompensation remain to be determined. Understanding these risk factors may allow physicians to counsel their patients better. They may offer opportunities for preventive strategies, allowing us to ensure that a procedure performed to prevent disease progression and visual loss does not cause further morbidity.
Response to Bill of Rights Paraphrases as Influenced by the Hip or Straight Attire of the Opinion Solicitor1

A sample of 375 white middle class residents of suburban Sacramento was randomly distributed among 3 experimental conditions of exposure to paraphrases of the Bill of Rights. The paraphrases were in the form of letters to the “Subcommittee on Crime and Disorder” of the California State Senate. A far greater proportion of subjects would endorse a “negative”, somewhat authoritarian version of the Bill of Rights than would sign either a “real” paraphrase of the original text or a rather equivocal “wishy-washy” bill. A minority of those shown the “real” bill would sign it. Solicitors dressed as “straights” were more likely to elicit signatures from subjects than were “hips”. The latter effect was observable, however, only for subjects in the negative and to a lesser extent the wishy-washy bill conditions. When the “real” bill was presented the attire of the solicitor made no difference. While an alternative interpretation was viable, the results were explained in terms of reactance (Brehm, 1966) and Rokeach's (Rokeach & Mezei, 1966) hypothesis that liking is mediated by inferred congruity of beliefs.
Assessment of the purification of a protein by ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography

A 3-week group laboratory project experiment that involves the partial purification of myoglobin (Mb) from bovine hamburger is described. The experiment compares alternate purification methods (gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography) as to both overall yield and enhancement in relative purity. The purity and molecular weight of purified Mb is established by SDS-PAGE. Group reports are directed toward having students put together all the information that is collected in the experiment. We discuss what we have learned and continue to learn from experiments done in the cooperative learning mode.
Isotopic outcomes of N-body accretion simulations: Constraints on equilibration processes during large impacts from Hf/W observations

Abstract Most estimates of planetary core formation timescales using hafnium–tungsten (Hf–W) isotopes employ analytical expressions assuming either continuous planetary growth or instantaneous core formation. In contrast, dynamical modelling of planetary accretion suggests that the final stage of terrestrial planet formation is punctuated by multiple large and stochastic impacts. Such giant impacts have significant thermal and isotopic consequences. We present a framework for calculating the Hf–W isotope evolution of individual bodies based on the results of an N-body accretion simulation and assuming constant partition coefficients. The results show that smaller bodies exhibit a larger range in isotopic values than larger bodies, because the latter have suffered more impacts. The analytical core formation timescales calculated using these isotopic values can differ very significantly from the timing of the final giant impact each planet actually experiences. Simulations in which 1) even the largest impactors undergo re-equilibration with the target's mantle, rather than the cores merging directly, and 2) the original planetary embryos possessed radially variable iron : silicate ratios, produce results which are consistent with the observed physical and isotopic characteristics of inner solar system bodies. Varying W partition coefficients (due to changing mantle oxidation state) or initial planetesimal Hf / W ratios might produce similar isotopic outcomes, and potentially permit core mergers without violating the isotopic constraints. The style of re-equilibration required suggests that magma oceans were present on Mars-sized and larger bodies; an alternative for bodies of Mars-size and smaller is that the bulk of the mass was delivered as impactors much smaller than the target. For Mars we conclude that a prolonged (∼10 Myr) accretion process is both dynamically and isotopically plausible. We also predict likely Pd–Ag isotopic anomalies for Vesta-, Mars- and Earth-size bodies.
The Equilibrium-Dispersive Model of Chromatography

The equilibrium-dispersive model of cliromatograpliy assumes that the phase system is always very close to equilibrium and that the contributions of axial dispersion and of the finite rate of the mass transfer kinetics on the band profiles can be accounted for by the use of an apparent dispersion coefficient. Results of a similar study in linear chromatography have proven this assumption to be true for efficiencies exceeding 100 theoretical plates. There is no analytical solution of the equilibrium-dispersive model, except when the deviation of the isotherm from linear behavior and the loading factor are small. Otherwise, numerical solutions are necessary. The calculations procedures used, the approximations made and the errors are reviewed. Excellent agreement is observed between calculated and experimental band profiles, provided the equilibrium isotherms are known accurately and a good model is available to account for these data.
Lower and Upper Solutions of Boundary Value Problems

The method of lower and upper solutions, coupled with the monotone iterative technique provides an effective and flexible mechanism that offers theoretical as well as constructive existence results for nonlinear problems in a closed set which is generated by the lower and upper solutions. The lower and upper solutions serve as bounds for solutions which are improved by a monotone iterative process. The ideas imbedded in this technique have proved to be of immense value and have played an important role in unifying a variety of nonlinear problems. A comprehensive introduction to the monotone iterative techniques is given by Ladde, Lakshmikantham and Vatsala in [196].
Temporospatial Relationship of Lipid Droplets and Mitochondria in Cardiac Muscle by Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy

Obesity is a rising health problem in the United States and many developed countries. The World Health Organization estimates that, in 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight worldwide, and more than 600 millions were obese [1]. Obesity is the result of an imbalance in lipid homeostasis and is evidenced by the excessive accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in cardiac muscles. The CLD is a dynamic organelle that interacts with various cell organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes and mitochondria. Our previous studies suggested that the LD specific protein, perilipin 5, is involved in promoting association of mitochondria to LDs [2]. Here we investigate the temporospatial relationship of LDs, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum) and muscle fibrils in a 3D volume of mouse cardiac muscle using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FB-SEM).
Ethics in Chronic Kidney Disease

Mr. Smith, a 76-year-old man with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with three-vessel bypass grafting, presents to you for routine follow-up for his stage 5 chronic kidney disease. He lives alone and has difficulty affording his medications and making it to his appointments due to lack of transportation. Today, he reports a decreased appetite and a 5 lb weight loss since his last visit 2 months ago. He denies headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, confusion, pruritis, or a metallic taste to his foods. His medications include metoprolol, lisinopril, insulin, sevelemer, erythropoietin, and calcitriol. His exam today is notable for blood pressure of 156/94 and trace ankle edema. He has no asterixis. His labs are notable for an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 13 mL/min. He asks you for more information about his eventual need for dialysis.
Totally Order-disconnected Compact Topologies

Posets with property DINT which are Priestely spaces with respect interval topologies are characterized. Also, posets which are Priestley spaces with respect to bi-Scott topologies are characterized.
Abstract PL03-03: The LKB1-AMPK pathway coordinates metabolic reprogramming with growth control

The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in the familial cancer condition Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), as well as in 30% of sporadic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the critical substrates of LKB1 is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotic cells that restores metabolic homeostasis following stress. Thus LKB1 is a unique energy-state sensitive regulator of growth and metabolic reprogramming via its effects on AMPK. Our laboratory has performed a three-pronged screen to identify novel substrates of AMPK that may mediate its effects on metabolism and growth control. These studies have led to the identification of components of the mTOR signaling pathway (raptor, TSC2), the autophagy pathway (ULK1), and transcriptional regulators of metabolism (Srebp1, HDAC4/5/7) all as direct substrates of AMPK. Collectively, these studies uncovered novel conserved effectors of LKB1 and AMPK that mediate their role as a metabolic checkpoint coordinating cell growth with energy status. The connection of AMPK to tumor suppression has also led many to examine whether compounds that normally serve to activate AMPK, may in fact exhibit anti-cancer activities. Notably, the most widely used type 2 diabetes therapeutic in the US and worldwide, metformin, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor which activates AMPK. We have therefore examined the potential anti-cancer effects of metformin and its more potent analog phenformin, in the context of genetically engineered mouse models of lung cancer. Whereas cells containing an intact LKB1-AMPK pathway respond to this metabolic stress by undergoing growth arrest, cells lacking LKB1 are unable to sense the damage and continue to divide ultimately undergoing apoptosis. Thus we examined whether this class of compounds may show selective therapeutic efficacy in preclinical trials in Kras-dependent lung cancer mouse models with loss of LKB1 as compared to those bearing loss of p53. Citation Format: Reuben J. Shaw. The LKB1-AMPK pathway coordinates metabolic reprogramming with growth control. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL03-03.
SP-02PATTERNS OF END-OF-LIFE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA

There is an increase in costs and frequencies of care for cancer patients toward the end-of-life, but few have reported on end-of-life care for patients with Glioblastoma (GBM). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with GBM followed regularly by the UCLA Neuro-Oncology clinic in the last 180 days before death (DBD) and recorded their patterns of care in the last 90 days of life. Between June 2012-May 2014, 72 patients were followed for active disease treatment and palliative care until death. The median age for this group was 61, with a median overall survival of 20.2 months. Within 60 DBD, 66.2% of patients still received treatment with bevacizumab (BV), but only 45.1% received another chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with or without BV. Only 15% of patients remained on active treatments within 30 DBD. In the last 90 DBD, 33.8% had at least 1 hospital visit (range 1-3), and most (83.3%) required an admission. We managed the hospice care of 61 (85.9%) patients. Hospice referral were made at a median of 23 (range 2-112) DBD, and patients were last seen in clinic at a median of 37 (range 10-156) DBD. 16 (22.5%) of the hospice referrals were made from an inpatient setting. 3 patients died in a hospital, 2 after discharged to a skilled-nursing facility, and the rest passed away at home. 4 patients had gastrostomy tube placement, and 1 was on a ventilator. Overall, the patterns of care for our patients reveal that GBM patients can have end-of-life care managed easily at home, and hospitalization toward the end-of-life can be limited if patients are followed regularly. We will also report on the costs of care within the last 90 days of life for this group.
Health and Nutrition Function of Rice Water

Rice water as the accessory substance of rice contains rich water-soluble protein,free amino acid( FAA), mineral composition and vitamin.Rice water is a kind of nutritional health products which are suitable for the people of all ages.It has some efficacy,such as stopping diarrhea、curing constipation、dispelling the effects of alcohol、for-tifying the masculine function、treating gastritis、nourishing the stomach、improving eyesight、tonifying the kidney、 diuresis、curing gynecopathy、suiting for efficacy-enhancing ingredient and retarding the insomnia.The way of cook-ing rice water was briefly introduced in this paper.
Decidual, amniotic fluid, maternal and fetal prolactin in normal and abnormal pregnancies

In the present studies, the content and the in vitro production of prolactin by decidua as well as the concentrations of prolactin in amniotic fluid, maternal and fetal serum in normal term pregnancies, induced abortions at various gestational ages, and in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and polyhydramnios were measured. Maternal and fetal prolactin levels varied considerably throughout gestation, but at term did not differ significantly between normal and abnormal pregnancies. Prolactin levels in amniotic fluid as well as decidual prolactin content and production were significantly lower only in pregnancies complicated by either hypertension or polyhydramnios. In both normal and abnormal pregnancies, decidual prolactin production correlated strongly with amniotic fluid concentrations. The present data suggest that 1) maternal and fetal prolactin levels do not differ significantly between normal and abnormal pregnancies, 2) the decidua is the principal source of amniotic fluid prolactin, and 3) the significantly lower levels of prolactin in amniotic fluid of pregnancies complicated by hypertension or polyhydramnios are probably due to adverse effects of these conditions on the synthesis and release of prolactin by decidua.
Spatially Explicit Life Cycle Assessment: Opportunities and challenges of wastewater-based algal biofuels in the United States

Abstract This work presented a Spatially-Explicit-High-Resolution Life Cycle Assessment (SEHR-LCA) model for wastewater-based algal biofuel production, by integrating life cycle assessment, GIS analysis, and site-specific Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) data analysis. Wastewater resources, land availability, and meteorological variation were analyzed for algae cultivation. Three pathways, Microwave Pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and lipid extraction were modeled for bio-oil conversion. This model enables the assessment of seasonal and site-specific variations in productivity and environmental impacts of wastewater-based algal bio-oil across the whole U.S. Model results indicate that wastewater-based algal bio-oil can provide an opportunity to increase national biofuel output. The potential production of algal bio-oil can reach to 0.98 billion gallon/yr, nearly 20% of advanced biofuel projection as outlined in the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. LCA results shows significant variations among different locations, WWTPs, and operational seasons. Although not competitive to conventional fossil fuel in energy efficiency, wastewater-based algal biofuel could offer significant benefit in controlling GHG emissions. However, spatial analysis shows that only 61% of the total wastewater could be used, based on current land use efficiency for algae cultivation and land availability around each WWTP in a radius where algal biofuel production is energy positive (energy output > energy input). These results indicate that land availability could be a significant challenge for wastewater-based algal biofuels that have not been considered in previous studies. They also suggest that improvement should be made in technological development and system design to increase energy and land use efficiency for full potential of wastewater as a promising resource for algal biofuel production. Although focusing on the U.S. as the case study, the developed methodology could be used for spatially explicit analysis of algal biofuel integrated with wastewater on macro-scale in other regions as well.
Novel use of a noninvasive hemodynamic monitor in a personalized, active learning simulation

The present study furthered the concept of simulation-based medical education by applying a personalized active learning component. We tested this novel approach utilizing a noninvasive hemodynamic monitor with the capability to measure and display in real time numerous hemodynamic parameters in the exercising participant. Changes in medical knowledge concerning physiology were examined with a pre-and posttest. Simply by observation of one's own hemodynamic variables, the understanding of complex physiological concepts was significantly enhanced.
Bearingless motor system design for industrial applications

This paper considers the development of a practical, low cost bearingless motor system for use in large industrial applications. Bearingless motor technology is proposed as an ultra efficient, highly integrated solution in fluid handling systems which currently use high speed (over 7 kRPM) centrifugal blowers/pumps. Over 40 potential industrial users have been interviewed to identify their needs and the shortcomings of current commercial solutions, with an emphasis placed on wastewater treatment. Based on these interviews, a motor topology is selected, a novel bearingless motor is designed, and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the design space and tradeoffs. Mechanical design constraints on the high speed rotor geometry are considered as well as a detailed magnetic design for a 30 kRPM, 100kW system. Preliminary analysis indicates an efficiency of 96.5 percent. The resulting design is a highly novel 4-pole bearingless ac homoplar motor utilizing a Dual Purpose No Voltage (DPNV) Winding, which to the authors' knowledge has not previously been investigated in this configuration.
Internal Vs External Markets: How The Assembly Of Initial Spin-Out Teams Impacts Spin-Out Survival

Drawing on the knowledge-based view and labor market theory, we develop theory suggesting that a founder(s)’ use of internal versus external labor markets to assemble initial spin-out teams will ha...
CRT-100.07 Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Requiring Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiogenic Shock Supported by Impella or VA-ECMO

Clinical trials for acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) for cardiogenic shock (CS) have exclusively focused on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Outcomes for patients supported with AMCS for other indications have not been well-described. We retrospectively analyzed all patients
Closed Head Injury and Family Structure

Considerable attention has been given in the literature to the impact of closed head injury on the family (Brooks, 1984; Brown & McCormick, 1988). Stressors, as well as other factors, contributing to posttrauma family adjustment have been delineated (Braciszeski, 1987). This chapter will review this other work and will propose another perspective from which to view family restructuring after closed head injury.
Maximizing area-range sum for spatial shapes (MAxRS3)

We investigate a novel variant of the well-known MaxRS (Maximizing Range Sum) problem - namely, the MAxRS3 (Maximizing Area-Range Sum for Spatial Shapes). The MaxRS problem amounts to detecting a location where a fixed-size rectangle R should be placed, so that it covers a maximum number of points - or sum of weights, if the points are weighted - from a given input set of 2D points. While variants have tackled the settings in which the input set to MaxRS problem consists of polygons instead of points - the solution is still based on (weighted) count. We postulate that in many practical applications it is of interest to determine where to place the input rectangle so that the total area-coverage in its interior is maximized. In this paper, we formalize the MAxRS3 problem and propose (to our knowledge) the first solution to this new problem.
The WIC program. Tying supplemental foods to nutritional needs.

On November 10, 1978, President Carter signed into law S-3085, the Child Nutrition Amendments of 1978. In this legislation was included provision for continuation of funding for the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). It was characteristic of the history of WIC that this decision by the President was a cliffhanger, with a real possibility of a veto as urged by the Office of Management and Budget. It appears that only last minute intervention by a coalition of groups interested in child nutrition urging the President to sign the bill saved the day for WIC.
Public participation and value advocacy in information design and sharing: Laying the foundations in advance of wide-scale public deployment

Supporting public participation is often a key goal in the design of digital government systems. However, years of work may be required before a complex system, such as the UrbanSim urban simulation system, is deployed and ready for such participation. In this paper, we investigate laying the foundations for public participation in information design and sharing in advance of wide-scale public deployment, with the goal of having interaction designs ready when the system is put into such use. Moreover, in a highly politicized domain such as this one, value advocacy as well as factual information plays a central role. Using the theory and methods of Value Sensitive Design, we address three design goals toward public participation and value advocacy, and provide evidence that each of them was achieved: (1) enabling indirect stakeholders to become direct stakeholders (i.e. enabling more people to interact directly with UrbanSim in useful ways); (2) developing a participatory process by which these stakeholders can help guide the development of the system itself; and (3) enabling participating organizations to engage in value advocacy while at the same time enhancing overall system legitimation.
Evaluation of environmental and cost tradeoffs of producing energy from soybeans for on-farm use

Abstract There has been interest in producing fuel from oil seed crops for use on farms, however little guidance is available on where this may be profitable, the extent to which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may be mitigated or the cost associated with that mitigation. We conduct a national analysis to evaluate the economics of on-farm processing of soybeans, the GHG mitigation potential of several on-farm uses of the oil, and the cost of achieving the mitigation. We found that significant GHG mitigation is possible when substituting soybean oil for on-farm energy use, however, often the food market has higher economic value. When we characterized the conditions and consequently, the regions where on-farm soybean processing was profitable, we found that the economics and greenhouse gas abatement potential of processing soybeans on-farm improves as farm location moves towards the coastal Atlantic and Gulf regions where the economic value of the meal is higher. Overall, we found that on-farm pressing of soybeans can add value to soybean production, but the market for the extracted oil will depend on the price of soybean meal and the market for food uses of the meal.
“We have those kinds of conversations here …”: Addressing contentious politics with elementary students

Abstract A particularly contentious event, the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election presented distinct challenges to identity politics in the classroom. This article examines a case study of a White fifth-grade elementary teacher, working with primarily youth of color, who did not shy away from teaching this contentious topic. This case illustrates the possibilities for teaching contentious political issues by drawing on the relational aspects of teaching and students’ politicized funds of knowledge. Additionally, we examine the teaching of contentious political issues in an elementary setting with students who often are positioned as “too young” to engage with issues that affect their daily lives.
Immigration restriction, ‘Americanization’ and the Playground Movement

ABSTRACTHow did Joseph Lee hold to the contradictory ideas of immigration restriction and a willingness to use playgrounds as a means for assimilating immigrants into American cultural and civic tr...
Displaced Sudanese Voices on Education, Dignity, and Humanitarian Aid

Education is viewed by Sudanese refugees and internally displaced persons as a key prerequisite for social status, prestige, socio-economic survival, and therefore human dignity. Using Sudan as a case study, the article demonstrates that humanitarian aid—which claims to ensure the basic conditions for a life with dignity—often attributes less importance to education than to other sectors such as water, nutrition, and health. Utilizing anecdotal evidence from internally displaced persons in conflict-affected regions of Sudan, this article illustrates that the humanitarian aid agenda fails to adequately address what their target population most demands: education. Resume L’education est consideree par les refugies soudanais et les personnes deplacees a l’interieur du Soudan comme une condition prealable essentielle pour le statut social, le pres- tige, la survie socioeconomique et donc la dignite humaine. Utilisant le Soudan comme etude de cas, l’article montre que l’aide humanitaire, qui pretend assurer les conditions de base pour une vie dans la dignite, attribue souvent moins d’importance a l’education qu’a d’autres secteurs tels que l’eau, la nutrition ou la sante. A l’aide de temoignages anecdotiques de personnes deplacees dans les regions touchees par le conflit au Soudan, cet article montre que le programme humanitaire ne repond pas adequatement au besoin principal de sa population cible: l’education.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Delayed Surgery for Early-stage Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Objective To evaluate the overall survival of patients with operable stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo "early" SBRT (within 0-30 days after diagnosis) versus "delayed" surgery (90-120 days after diagnosis). Summary of background data During the COVID-19 pandemic, national guidelines have recommended patients with operable stage IA NSCLC to consider delaying surgery by at least 3 months or, alternatively, to undergo SBRT without delay. It is unknown which strategy is associated with better short- and long-term outcomes. Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling and propensity score-matched analysis was used to compare the overall survival of patients with stage IA NSCLC in the National Cancer Data Base from 2004 to 2015 who underwent "early" SBRT (0-30 days after diagnosis) versus that of patients who underwent "delayed" wedge resection (90-120 days after diagnosis). Results During the study period, 570 (55%) patients underwent early SBRT and 475 (45%) underwent delayed wedge resection. In multivariable analysis, delayed resection was associated with improved survival [adjusted hazard ratio 0.61; (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50-0.76)]. Propensity-score matching was used to create 2 groups of 279 patients each who received early SBRT or delayed resection that were well-matched with regard to baseline characteristics. The 5-year survival associated with delayed resection was 53% (95% CI: 45%-61%) which was better than the 5-year survival associated with early SBRT (31% [95% CI: 24%-37%]). Conclusion In this national analysis, for patients with stage IA NSCLC, extended delay of surgery was associated with improved survival when compared to early treatment with SBRT.