cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of dynamic origin destination matrix: a genetic algorithm approach

Dynamic origin-destination (O-D) matrix estimation is one of the key components in the deployment of microscopic traffic simulation based real-time traffic predictions and estimations. Various theoretical methods have been proposed and tested via relatively small-scale networks. Very few practical studies have attempted to evaluate the performance of dynamic O-D matrix estimation methods for large-scale networks. This is because practical applications have not yet adopted dynamic O-D matrix estimation method, in part, due to the complexity and time requirements of advanced methods. This paper investigates the application of dynamic O-D matrix estimation methods for a large-scale network using a genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of GA-based method was compared with that of the QUEENSOD method using a microscopic traffic simulation program, PARAMICS. The evaluation results indicate that the GA-based method outperforms the QUEENSOD method.
Cholera Toxin Assault on Lipid Monolayers Containing Ganglioside GM1

Many bacterial toxins bind to and gain entrance to target cells through specific interactions with membrane components. Using neutron reflectivity, we have characterized the structure of mixed DPPE:GM1 lipid monolayers before and during the binding of cholera toxin (CTAB5) or its B-subunit (CTB5). Structural parameters such as the density and thickness of the lipid layer, extension of the GM1 oligosaccharide headgroup, and orientation and position of the protein upon binding are reported. The density of the lipid layer was found to decrease slightly upon protein binding. However, the A-subunit of the whole toxin is clearly located below the B-pentameric ring, away from the monolayer, and does not penetrate into the lipid layer before enzymatic cleavage. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the observed monolayer expansion was found to be consistent with geometrical constraints imposed on DPPE by multivalent binding of GM1 by the toxin. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of membrane translocation by the protein may be aided by alterations in lipid packing.
MEDICARE PEER REVIEW ORGANIZATIONS

The Medicare Peer Review Organization (PRO) Program is undoubtedly the most ambitious attempt currently operational of a national health insurance program to use external audit to review the quality of medical care. This article reviews the history of the PRO program, including its genesis in the prior PSRO program, and describes the methods that it currently uses for reviewing the quality of medical care and for sanctioning physicians and hospitals that provide care of inadequate quality. Finally, the article reviews the meager data currently available indicating possible limitations in the effectiveness of the PRO program.
Supportability of advanced composite structures

Abstract Advanced composite airframe structures are entering service at an ever increasing rate. Early applications to secondary and stiffness-critical primary structures have been successful and have provided a wealth of operational support experience. This paper will offer an operator's definition of supportability as applied to advanced composite structures. Supportability issues and implications, identified from early service experience, will be discussed. Approaches will be offered for solution of advanced composite structures problems, before they occur.
Scent engineering: toward the goal of controlling how flowers smell

Floral scent has an important role in the reproductive processes of many plants and a considerable economic value in guaranteeing yield and quality of many crops. It also enhances the aesthetic properties of ornamental plants and cut flowers. Many floral scent volatiles fall into the terpenoid or phenylpropanoid/benzenoid classes of compounds. Although the biochemistry of floral scent is still a relatively new field of investigation, in the past decade investigators have begun to identify 'scent genes'. Several of these genes, most of which, but not all, encode enzymes that directly catalyze the formation of volatile terpenoid or phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds, have now been used to manipulate, through genetic engineering techniques, the mix of volatiles emitted from the flowers of several plant species. The outcomes of these experiments, which are discussed here, have indicated that the genetic engineering approach to altering floral scents has potential; however, they have also revealed the limitations that result from our inadequate knowledge of the metabolic pathways responsible for scents and their regulation.
Electronic Health Record Tools to Care for At-Risk Older Drivers: A Quality Improvement Project

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Evaluating driving safety of older adults is an important health topic, but primary care providers (PCP) face multiple barriers in addressing this issue. The study's objectives were to develop an electronic health record (EHR)-based Driving Clinical Support Tool, train PCPs to perform driving assessments utilizing the tool, and systematize documentation of assessment and management of driving safety issues via the tool. DESIGN AND METHODS The intervention included development of an evidence-based Driving Clinical Support Tool within the EHR, followed by training of internal medicine providers in the tool's content and use. Pre- and postintervention provider surveys and chart review of driving-related patient visits were conducted. Surveys included self-report of preparedness and knowledge to evaluate at-risk older drivers and were analyzed using paired t-test. A chart review of driving-related office visits compared documentation pre- and postintervention including: completeness of appropriate focused history and exam, identification of deficits, patient education, and reporting to appropriate authorities when indicated. RESULTS Data from 86 providers were analyzed. Pre- and postintervention surveys showed significantly increased self-assessed preparedness (p < .001) and increased driving-related knowledge (p < .001). Postintervention charts showed improved documentation of correct cognitive testing, more referrals/consults, increased patient education about community resources, and appropriate regulatory reporting when deficits were identified. IMPLICATIONS Focused training and an EHR-based clinical support tool improved provider self-reported preparedness and knowledge of how to evaluate at-risk older drivers. The tool improved documentation of driving-related issues and led to improved access to interdisciplinary care coordination.
Measuring Feelings and Beliefs that May Facilitate (or Deter) Homicide: A Research Note on the Causes of Historic Fluctuations in Homicide Rates in the United States

The essay seeks to construct measures of feelings and beliefs that may facilitate or deter homicides among unrelated adults. The measures try to quantify political stability, government legitimacy,...
ANTI-GANGLIOSIDE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AA4 SELECTIVELY INHIBITS IGE-INDUCED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS IN RAT BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA CELLS

In rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells, mAb AA4 binds to two derivatives of ganglioside GD1b that associate with the Src family kinase p5356lyn and a serine kinase. Pre-incubation of cells with mAb AA4 blocks immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated histamine release. In the present study we investigated the effect of incubation with mAb AA4 on signal transduction events. In addition to stimulation of the high affinity IgE receptor (FceRI), cells were also activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 and the acetylcholine agonist carbachol in RBL-2H3 cells transfected with the G protein-coupled m3 muscarinic receptor. Incubation of cells with mAb AA4 in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the following FceRI-induced signal transduction events: the increase of intracellular free calcium, phosphoinositol breakdown, tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins including the β- of FceRI and secretion. However, there was no inhibition of degranulation or of these biochemical events when cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore or activated via a G protein-coupled pathway. Our results demonstrate that mAb AA4 selectively blocks FceRI-induced cell activation at a very early step upstream of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. As mAb AA4 has previously been found to bind to gangliosides associated with FceRI, inhibition of very early biochemical events may be due to interaction of mAb AA4 with the FceRI induced signal transduction cascade at the receptor level.
Discovering Ce-rich oxygen evolution catalysts, from high throughput screening to water electrolysis

We report a new Ce-rich family of active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts composed of earth abundant elements, discovered using high-throughput methods. High resolution inkjet printing was used to produce 5456 discrete oxide compositions containing the elements nickel, iron, cobalt and cerium. The catalytic performance of each of these compositions was measured under conditions applicable to distributed solar fuels generation using a three-electrode scanning drop electrochemical cell. The catalytic activity and stability of representative compositions (Ni0.5Fe0.3Co0.17Ce0.03Ox and Ni0.3Fe0.07Co0.2Ce0.43Ox) from 2 distinct regions were verified by resynthesizing these compositions on glassy carbon rods for electrochemical testing. The activity of the new Ce-rich catalysts was further verified using an unrelated synthetic method to electrodeposit a pseudo-ternary composition Ni0.2Co0.3Ce0.5Ox, which produced a catalyst with 10 mA cm−2 oxygen evolution current at 310 mV overpotential. The unique Tafel behavior of these Ce-rich catalysts affords the opportunity for further improvement.
Regulation of Bile Salt Sulfotransferase Isoenzymes by Gonadal Hormones

We studied the regulation of hepatic bile salt sulfotransferase activity by gonadal hormones and the effect of gonadal hormones on two bile salt sulfotransferase isoenzymes. Bile salt sulfotransferase enzyme activity was three times greater in the female than in the male rats. Oophorectomy significantly decreased bile salt sulfotransferase activity in the female, but orchidectomy had no effect on bile salt sulfotransferase activity in the male. Estrogen treatment of intact as well as orchidectomized males markedly stimulated the enzyme activity, while testosterone treatment of intact or oophorectomized females did not effect bile salt sulfotransferase activity. We concluded that the 3-fold greater activity in female rats is due to the striking stimulatory effect of estrogen on bile salt sulfotransferase activity, and the testosterone has little or no role in the sexually related differences in bile salt sulfotransferase activity in mature rats. These sex-related differences in bile salt sulfotransferase activity were investigated further using DEAE-Sephadex A50 ion-exchange chromatography of rat hepatic cytosol. Two bile salt sulfotransferase isoenzymes were identified both with an approximate molecular weight of 130,000. Bile salt sulfotransferase I eluted with 0.05 M NaCl, had an isoelectric point at pH 6.8, was stimulated by estrogen, and was responsible for 90% of total bile salt sulfotransferase activity in the mature female. Bile salt sulfotransferase II eluted with 0.14 Af NaCl, had an isoelectric point at pH 5.3, was unresponsive to estrogen, and accounted for 75 to 80% of bile salt sulfotransferase activity in the mature male. Bile salt sulfotransferase I was 3.8-fold more active toward 3/3-hydroxy-5-cholenoate as glycolith-ocholate, and its activity for glycolithocholate was completely inhibited by 3-ketolithocholate. Conversely, bile salt sulfotransferase II had very little detectable activity towards 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoate, and its activity toward glycolithocholate was only marginally (13%) inhibited by 3-ketolithocholate. The activity of both bile salt sulfotransferase isoenzymes with various bile acids was: monohydroxylated > dihydroxylated > trihydroxylated. Hepatic bile salt sulfation in the mature rat is catalyzed by two isoenzymes that had the same approximate molecular weight, but differ in sex distribution, substrate activities, regulation by gonadal hormones and inhibition of activity for glycolithocholate by keto bile acids.
Vector Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to Dormant Grape

Almeida, R. P. P., Wistrom, C., Hill, B. L., Hashim, J., and Purcell, A. H. 2005. Vector transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to dormant grape. Plant Dis. 89:419-424. Homalodisca coagulata (Say) is a sharpshooter leafhopper vector of the bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Introduced into California about 15 years ago, this insect triggered recent outbreaks of Pierce’s disease of grapevine in the state. H. coagulata has been observed feeding on dormant grapevines during the winter, raising the possibility of X. fastidiosa transmission during that season. We tested whether H. coagulata can acquire X. fastidiosa from and inoculate the bacterium to dormant grape (Vitis vinifera) in the laboratory and in the field. Usually, >90% of H. coagulata survived on dormant plants in the laboratory and field. Field experiments showed that H. coagulata can inoculate X. fastidiosa into dormant plants, yet field acquisition experiments did not result in transmission. Transmission to dormant plants during the winter is a potential problem in California vineyards adjacent to citrus groves or other habitats with large overwintering populations of H. coagulata. Because dormant plants have positive root pressure, our findings provide evidence that X. fastidiosa transmission does not require negative pressure in plant xylem to be inoculated into plants.
Guidelines for making end-of-life decisions.

How should nurses confront difficult choices related to end-of-life issues? Below are some guidelines.
Effects of Firm R&D Investment and Environment on Acquisition Likelihood*

R&D investments contribute to the development of firm technology resources, and the possession of such resources often increases a firm's attractiveness as a potential acquisition target. However, the value ascribed to a firm's technology resources by would-be acquirers may be moderated by its industry's environmental characteristics. Using data from 2886 firms, we find that investments in R&D predict acquisition likelihood and that R&D investments are most strongly associated with acquisition of firms under conditions of high environmental munificence and dynamism. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Ocean waves, nearshore ecology, and natural selection

Although they are subjected to one of the most stressful physical environments on earth, wave-swept rocky shores support a highly diverse community of plants and animals. The surprising presence of such diversity amidst severe environmental adversity provides a unique opportunity for exploration of the role of extreme water flows in community ecology and natural selection. Methods are described by which the maximal water velocity and acceleration can be predicted for a site on the shore, and from these values maximal hydrodynamic forces are calculated. These forces can limit the range and foraging activity of some species, and can determine the rate of disturbance in others, but in general, wave-swept organisms have surprisingly high factors of safety. This apparent over-design can help to explain the diversity of forms present on wave-swept shores, and provides examples of how mechanics can limit the ability of natural selection to guide specialization. Although flow itself may commonly be prohibited from selecting for optima in morphology, it nonetheless continues to play a potentially important role in evolution by providing a mechanism for breaking or dislodging individuals that have been selected by other means.
Precios fijos y raciones: la Anaconda Copper Company en Chile entre 1932 y 1958

Resumen Este articulo examina las caracteristicas del sistema de precios fijos para los productos de primera necesidad impuesto por las filiales de la empresa norteamericana Anaconda Copper Company en Chile. Entre 1932 y 1958, las filiales de Anaconda matuvieron un generoso sistema de precios fijos que garantizo a los trabajadores acceso a productos basicos en un contexto nacional de fuertes presiones inflacionarias. Junto a razones economicas, los precios fijos fueron parte de un sistema mas amplio de beneficios y practicas socio-laborales. Asi, influida por las ideas de paternalismo industrial, Anaconda utilizo los precios fijos como una forma de influir sobre la mano de obra y garantizar una cierta paz y estabilidad laboral en sus campamentos. En la practica, sin embargo, las contradicciones y el mal funcionamiento de las llamadas pulperias motivaron innumerables conflictos laborales y sociales en los campamentos del cobre, provocando una ardua campana sindical para mejorar y ampliar estos beneficios. Hacia 1958, el sistema se habia vuelto demasiado costoso y poco practico, siendo remplazado por una compensacion economica que se pagaba directamente al trabajador.
Effects of ovulation rate and fetal number on fertility in twin-producing cattle.

Effects of ovulation rate and of fetal number and distribution within the uterus on preg- nancy rate and fetal survival were evaluated in nullipa- rous (n = 1,331) and parous (n = 3,517) cattle selected for twinning. Cattle were divided into a spring (70 d) and fall (60 d) breeding season and bred by a combina- tion of AI and natural service. Ovulation rate, preg- nancy status, and fetal number and distribution were determined by transrectal, real-time ultrasonography of the uterus and both ovaries at the end of the breeding season. Pregnancy was reconfirmed by rectal palpation at 75 to 135 d of gestation. For heifers and cows com- bined, ovulation rate increased (P < 0.01) from 1.46 ± 0.4 in 1994 to 1.89 ± 0.4 in 2004; number of calves per parturition increased (P < 0.01) from 1.34 ± 0.3 to 1.56 ±0.3, respectively, which included an increase in triplet and quadruplet ovulations and triplet births. Bilateral twin ovulations yielded proportionately more (P < 0.01) twin births than unilateral twin ovulations. Ovulation rate was greater (P < 0.01) in the fall than spring breed- ing season. Pregnancy rate at ultrasound diagnosis did not differ among females with 1, 2, or 3 ovulations (89.1 ± 0.7, 91.2 ± 0.7, or 91.5 ± 2.8%, respectively), but rates
MPBLAST : improved BLAST performance with multiplexed queries.

Summary: We have developed a program, MPBLAST, that increases the throughput of batch BLASTN searches by multiplexing (concatenating) query sequences and thereby reducing the number of actual database searches performed. Throughput was observed to increase in reciprocal proportion to the component sequence length. For sequencing read-sized queries of 500 bp, an order of magnitude speed-up was seen. Availability: Free (see http:// blast.wustl.edu) Contact: {ikorf, gish}@watson.wustl.edu Main text
Continuous-Time Markov Chains

In this chapter we consider a class of probability models that has a wide variety of applications in the real world. The members of this class are the continuous-time analogs of the Markov chains and as such are characterized by the Markovian property that, given the present state, the future is independent of the past.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate NADPH Oxidase-Dependent High Mobility Group Box 1 Production and Inhibit Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Objective—Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is characterized by inflammation, smooth muscle activation, and matrix degradation. This study tests the hypothesis that macrophage-produced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) production is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox2), which leads to increase in interleukin (IL)-17 production resulting in AAA formation and that treatment with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attenuate this process thereby inhibiting AAA formation. Approach and Results—Human aortic tissue demonstrated a significant increase in HMGB1 expression in AAA patients when compared with controls. An elastase-perfusion model of AAA demonstrated a significant increase in HMGB1 production in C57BL/6 (wild-type [WT]) mice, which was attenuated by MSC treatment. Furthermore, anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment of WT mice attenuated AAA formation, IL-17 production, and immune cell infiltration when compared with elastase-perfused WT mice on day 14. Elastase-pe...
Feature Level Fusion for Bimodal Facial Action Unit Recognition

Recognizing facial actions from spontaneous facial displays suffers from subtle and complex facial deformation, frequent head movements, and partial occlusions. It is especially challenging when the facial activities are accompanied with speech. Instead of employing information solely from the visual channel, this paper presents a novel fusion framework, which exploits information from both visual and audio channels in recognizing speech-related facial action units (AUs). In particular, features are first extracted from visual and audio channels, independently. Then, the audio features are aligned with the visual features in order to handle the difference in time scales and the time shift between the two signals. Finally, these aligned audio and visual features are integrated via a feature-level fusion framework and utilized in recognizing AUs. Experimental results on a new audiovisual AU-coded dataset have demonstrated that the proposed feature-level fusion framework outperforms a state-of-the-art visual-based method in recognizing speech-related AUs, especially for those AUs that are "invisible" in the visual channel during speech. The improvement is more impressive with occlusions on the facial images, which, fortunately, would not affect the audio channel.
The Molting Behavior of the Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus mactans

The molting behavior of Latrodectus mactans (F.) involves a complex series of innate stereotyped movements. The spider hangs beneath the web during the molting process, attached by 4 pairs of legs and the spinnerets. The premolting twitches of the legs at the coxal joints begin at least 2 hr prior to the molting process. This process begins with the spider attaching its spinnerets to the webbing and then swinging the legs inward and attaching them along a central line. A downward pressing motion against the carapace of the old cuticle finally produces a lateral split just above the coxal joints. During the downward pressing motion the abdominal muscles begin an undulating motion which carries the abdominal skin toward the spinnerets. After the carapace of the old cuticle is free, a downward pulling motion is initiated to remove the legs from the old cuticle. Once the legs are free they hang straight out parallel to the ground and the old cuticle. The legs while in this position are pulled laterally in a separating motion, being relaxed after each small gain and falling back to a more central position. The legs are finally pulled to the sternum and a transverse pulling motion is begun. The right and left legs are rolled alternately forward and back in opposite directions prior to each pull. The legs are pulled more dorsally and finally reach out to grasp the web. After several minutes the spider turns and moves a short distance in the opposite direction as it releases the spinneret attachment.
Multilateral CBMs on the Korean Peninsula: Making a virtue out of necessity

Abstract As its economy has become near to collapse, North Korea has tried to avoid direct contacts with South Korea because of the ‘absorption phobia’. Instead, the North has made continuous efforts to improve its relations only with the United States, seeking a guarantee for its survival. Given this circumstance, this paper argues that useful multilateral approaches such as KEDO and Four‐Party Talks will contribute to improving inter‐Korean relations. Thus, it would be sensible to explore every possible way (even through multilateral mechanisms) until both Koreas make a breakthrough for the deadlocked inter‐Korean CBMs. But the multilateral CBMs constitute a transitional and complementary role as South and North Korea should be primarily responsible for addressing major problems such as reunification. Among the multilateral approaches, the Four‐Party Talks will be a most useful mechanism which will enable the two Koreas to resume dialogue for the peace and reunification on the Korean Peninsula. In this ...
The significance of lumbar discography in artificial disc replacement

Objective:To study the significance of discography in segmental selection in artificial disc re-placemen(tADR).Method:17 patients suffered from multi- level disc degeneration or incapable of cleared diag-nosis by other image data.Based on the volume of Omnipaque injected,pressure of Omnipaque being injected,and patient′s“typical”pain induced by the discography,the disc believed to be at least in part a source ofthe patient′s pain was selected as the replacement segment.Result:The volume of Omnipaque injected wasgreater than 2ml in 17 cases,pressure of Omnipaque being injected decreased in 17 cases,19 of 34 discs in-dicated“typical”pain.19“pain- relative disc”of 17 patients accepted ADR.The average length of follow- upwas 30.4 month(srange,16 to 42 months).The average preoperative JOA was 9.9(range,7 to 17),while post-operative JOA was 26.6(range,20 to 29).The pair- matching t test,t=- 22.218,P0.01,indicated the significantdifference.Conclusion:Discography take an important role in the segmental selection in ADR.
The PEL-38 electronic podometer for static and dynamic analysis of foot biomechanics

The PEL-38 Podometer is a practical computer system for the analysis of foot function. Designed, tested and used at leading medical centers on the European continent, it has been introduced in the United States by Physical Support Systems (6 Ledge Road, Windham NH 03087; 1-800-222-5009). The PEL-38 Podometer measures, records, and graphically analyzes foot pressure distribution in both static and dynamic modes.
Using Testimonio to Bring Children's Worlds Into a Standardized Teaching Context: An Example of Culturally Relevant Teaching in Early Childhood Education

Since its birth in the 1960s in Latin America, testimonio has emerged as a genre of literature that gives a “voice to the voiceless” and acts as a medium for marginalized individuals to communicate their experiences. Described as a form of resistance literature, it has been defined as “an authentic narrative, told by a witness who is moved to narrate by the urgency of a situation, such as violence or oppression.” Although such a seemingly intense approach may feel out of place in an early childhood classroom, this article demonstrates how one teacher successfully employed testimonio as an instructional strategy with her preschoolers. In doing so, she broke away from the constraints imposed by standards-based accountability reforms and created an enriching learning experience with a direct impact on her students' lives.
Early Experience and Triune Ethics Orientations

This chapter reviews studies conducted on how caregiving practices in early life influence moral capacities and triune ethics orientations (self-protection or open-heartedness). The Evolved Developmental Niche (EDN), as identified by anthropologists, represents the caregiving environment adaptive for our human ancestors. It includes responsivity so the baby does not get distressed, nearly constant touch in the first years of life, extensive breastfeeding on request, extensive free play with others, multiple adult caregivers, and positive climate and social support. Reviewed are studies with parenting reports, research into precursors of triune ethics meta-theory (TEM) categories in young children, and data from adult retrospective reports. The results conformed with theory—that early experience is related to attachment, psychopathology, moral capacities, and the types of triune ethics orientation one favors.
Finance, the Falling Rate of Profit and Economic Devastation

In this chapter, we shall investigate the contribution of financial forces to the economic decline. Although most economists hold that financial institutions are designed to channel resources into productive activities, they do not necessarily do so. Indeed, the financial pressures associated with a decline can lead investors to withhold their funds from productive activities while they dissipate their funds in investments of the most wasteful sort.
Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

Examination of host-microbe interactions in basal metazoans, such as cnidarians is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the cosmopolitan and model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida shows specific patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1-V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated with E. pallida are broadly conserved across geographic space with samples, containing largely Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. However, the species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of four months. These results contrast with the postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an intimate co-evolution process. Instead, our findings suggest that environmental settings, not host specificity seem to dictate bacterial community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide the same physiological benefits towards the maintenance of a healthy host. The examination of the previously uncharacterized bacterial community associated with the cnidarian sea anemone model E. pallida is the first global-scale study of its kind.
Lévy measure of superprocesses; absorption processes

We prove that the (modified) Levy measure of a superprocess X is the lifting of its discontinuous branching characteristic. We also investigate, for a wide class of functions f, the continuous martingale part of process . (For time-homogeneous processes with local branching, similar results have been obtained earlier by El Karoui and Roelly.)
Individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors associated with discrepancies between intended and actual spring break drinking.

Abstract The purpose of the present paper was to examine the extent to which college students underestimate the quantity of alcohol they will consume during Spring Break (SB), and whether individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors may be related to underestimation of SB drinking and drinking consequences. College students participated in web-based surveys prior to and after SB (N = 603; 57% women). Overall, results indicated that individual factors (being male, being a member of a fraternity or sorority, previously experiencing more alcohol-related consequences, and intending to drink less during SB), interpersonal factors (reporting friends encourage getting drunk), and contextual factors (going on a SB trip with friends and receiving drinks from others) predicted underestimating peak drinks consumed during SB. Underestimating the peak number of drinks to be consumed on SB was associated with experiencing a greater number of alcohol-related consequences. Targeted interventions designed specifically to focus on underestimation of college student drinking and the impact of SB contextual and interpersonal factors may be an important area of study to reduce negative consequences of alcohol use during SB.
An Update on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

Purpose of Review Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on greater than 6000 hospitalized children every year. Our goal is to highlight current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest, as well as the therapeutic approach during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation for children.
Tensor-Train Split-Operator Fourier Transform (TT-SOFT) Method: Multidimensional Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics

We introduce the “tensor-train split-operator Fourier transform” (TT-SOFT) method for simulations of multidimensional nonadiabatic quantum dynamics. TT-SOFT is essentially the grid-based SOFT method implemented in dynamically adaptive tensor-train representations. In the same spirit of all matrix product states, the tensor-train format enables the representation, propagation, and computation of observables of multidimensional wave functions in terms of the grid-based wavepacket tensor components, bypassing the need of actually computing the wave function in its full-rank tensor product grid space. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the TT-SOFT method as applied to propagation of 24-dimensional wave packets, describing the S1/S2 interconversion dynamics of pyrazine after UV photoexcitation to the S2 state. Our results show that the TT-SOFT method is a powerful computational approach for simulations of quantum dynamics of polyatomic systems since it avoids the exponential scaling problem of full-...
Imaging Active Infection in vivo Using D-Amino Acid Derived PET Radiotracers

Occult bacterial infections represent a worldwide health problem. Differentiating active bacterial infection from sterile inflammation can be difficult using current imaging tools. Present clinically viable methodologies either detect morphologic changes (CT/ MR), recruitment of immune cells (111In-WBC SPECT), or enhanced glycolytic flux seen in inflammatory cells (18F-FDG PET). However, these strategies are often inadequate to detect bacterial infection and are not specific for living bacteria. Recent approaches have taken advantage of key metabolic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, allowing easier distinction between bacteria and their host. In this report, we exploited one key difference, bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, to detect living bacteria using a positron-labeled D-amino acid. After screening several 14C D-amino acids for their incorporation into E. coli in culture, we identified D-methionine as a probe with outstanding radiopharmaceutical potential. Based on an analogous procedure to that used for L-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] L-Met), we developed an enhanced asymmetric synthesis of D-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] D-Met), and showed that it can rapidly and selectively differentiate both E. coli and S. aureus infections from sterile inflammation in vivo. We believe that the ease of [11C] D-Met radiosynthesis, coupled with its rapid and specific in vivo bacterial accumulation, make it an attractive radiotracer for infection imaging in clinical practice.
The Many Faces of the Collective: Poruka, Responsibility, and Requirement in the Soviet Society

From 1970 to 1984 Ann Kleimola and Horace William Dewey wrote a series of articles exploring the concept of poruka (suretyship) in pre-Petrine Russia. Kleimola and Dewey called the variety of communities where poruka applied the collectives. The present article argues that the Soviet state used the collectives, borrowed as a concept from French utopian socialists, as vehicles for bonding its subjects with poruka and thus extending state control down to the smallest social groups and organizations. The article examines in detail the original Soviet theory and practice of using poruka bonds in the educational collectives of Anton Makarenko’s youth delinquent colonies. Makarenko’s experience, proliferated in fictionalized accounts, articles and lectures, became the foundation of the Soviet suretyship-based collectives.
Users Manual for the Design Code

This chapter is intended for users of the new design program. It is essentially independent of the material discussed earlier. After studying it readers should be able to run the program effectively.
Surgery for Posterior Urethral Valves

Posterior urethral valves are an uncommon but important cause of prenatally detected hydronephrosis. It often affects both kidneys and may be associated with renal dysplasia and insufficiency. Immediate postnatal evaluation and intervention should be undertaken. A renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram are obtained on the first day of life, and a catheter is placed until intervention is undertaken, usually in the first week of life. Occasionally, boys with posterior urethral valves will present later in life with a urinary tract infection or voiding dysfunction.
Furthering Precision Medicine Genomics With Healthy Living Medicine

Abstract The Precision Medicine Initiative seeks to develop new approaches for disease treatment and prevention that considers the individual variation in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. To date, the focus has been on genetic drivers of disease risk and development but has now begun to incorporate lifestyle induced changes in phenotype to enhance treatments. Healthy Living Medicine is an emerging paradigm that focuses on moving more and sitting less, consuming a healthy diet, maintaining body weight and not smoking. A wealth of clinical trials has demonstrated the protective effects of high cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity (PA), and exercise on all-cause mortality, and prevention of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review will summarize the impact of PA and exercise on modifying risk of disease from genetics in the general population and those with CVD, obesity and T2D.
Bayesian modeling of plant drought resistance pathway

Plants are sessile organisms and are unable to relocate to favorable locations under extreme environmental conditions. Hence they have no choice but to acclimate and eventually adapt to the severe conditions to ensure their survival. As traditional methods of bolstering plant defense against stressful conditions come to their biological limit, we require newer methods that can allow us to strengthen plants’ internal defense mechanism. These factors motivated us to look into the genetic networks of plants. The WRKY transcription factors are well known for their role in plant defense against biotic stresses, but recent studies have shed light on their activities against abiotic stresses such as drought. We modeled this network of WRKY transcription factors using Bayesian networks and applied inference algorithm to find the best regulators of drought response. Biologically intervening (activating/inhibiting) these regulators can bolster the defense response of plants against droughts. We used real world data from the NCBI GEO database and synthetic data generated from dependencies in the Bayesian network to learn the network parameters. These parameters were estimated using both a Bayesian and a frequentist approach. The two sets of parameters were used in a utility-based inference algorithm to determine the best regulator of plant drought response in the WRKY transcription factor network. Our analysis revealed that activating the transcription factor WRKY18 had the highest likelihood of inducing drought response among all the other elements of the WRKY transcription factor network. Our observation was also supported by biological literature, as WRKY18 is known to regulate drought responsive genes positively. We also found that activating the protein complex WRKY60-60 had the second highest likelihood of inducing drought defense response. Consistent with the existing biological literature, we also found the transcription factor WRKY40 and the protein complex WRKY40-40 to suppress drought response.
Hemoperfusion-Induced Respiratory Distress Syndrome in an Animal Model: The Effects of Corticosteroids

To facilitate the rational design and evaluation of new therapies for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) a highly reproducible model of this syndrome has been developed in the rabbit (Blitzer et al. 1978). The selective hepatotoxin, galactosamine hydrochloride (4.25 mmol/kg), is administered intravenously to genetically uniform rabbits. Hepatic coma ensues after a predictable time interval (12–44h) and usually lasts for 2–3 h, the animals dying from FHF associated with diffuse hepatocellular necrosis. The sequential neurologic abnormalities, variations in plasma levels of aminotransferases, ammonia and amino acids, deficiencies of blood coagulation factors and electroencephalographic changes in galactosamine-treated rabbits resemble strikingly corresponding changes observed in FHF in man. Preliminary cross circulation experiments have suggested that this animal model of FHF is reversible (Berk et al. 1980). Indeed, it seems to fulfill each of the five major requirements for an appropriate animal model of FHF proposed by Terblanche et al. (1975), i.e. reversibility, reproducibility, death from liver failure, large animal model and minimal hazard to personnel. This model of FHF appears to be superior to other currently available models (Saunders, 1979).
Weighting and reweighting of visual input via head mounted display given unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction

We translated a well-established laboratory paradigm to study sensory integration into a Head-Mounted-Display (HMD). In the current study, a group of 23 individuals with unilateral vestibular dysfunction and 16 age-matched controls observed moving spheres projected from the Oculus Rift. We confirmed increased visual weighting with an unstable surface and decreased visual weighting (i.e., reweighting) with increased visual amplitude. We did not observe significant differences in gains and phases between individuals with vestibular dysfunction and age-matched controls. The vestibular group increased sway in mid and high frequencies significantly more than controls with the change in surface or visual amplitude. Mild visual perturbations within HMDs carry the potential to become a useful portable assessment of postural control in individuals with vestibular disorders.
Radiology Case 7

Anterior shoulder dislocations account for 95% of shoulder dislocations. In those cases, the humeral head is displaced anteriorly, inferiorly, and medially. The peak age is 15–25 years, and it is more common in males. The four types of anterior dislocations are subcoracoid, subclavicular, subacromial, and intrathoracic. Posterior shoulder dislocations account for 2–4% of the glenohumeral dislocations. The humeral head usually dislocates straight posteriorly (subacromial). Rarely, the humeral head may dislocate subglenoid or subspinous. The peak age is 35–55 years, and it is more common in males. It can occasionally be bilateral depending on the mechanism.
Attention based Multi-Modal New Product Sales Time-series Forecasting

Trend driven retail industries such as fashion, launch substantial new products every season. In such a scenario, an accurate demand forecast for these newly launched products is vital for efficient downstream supply chain planning like assortment planning and stock allocation. While classical time-series forecasting algorithms can be used for existing products to forecast the sales, new products do not have any historical time-series data to base the forecast on. In this paper, we propose and empirically evaluate several novel attention-based multi-modal encoder-decoder models to forecast the sales for a new product purely based on product images, any available product attributes and also external factors like holidays, events, weather, and discount. We experimentally validate our approaches on a large fashion dataset and report the improvements in achieved accuracy and enhanced model interpretability as compared to existing k-nearest neighbor based baseline approaches.
Clinical Radiographic Predictors of Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

ObjectiveTo determine if clinically acquired cephalometric measurements, specifically soft palate size, can predict hypoglossal nerve stimulation outcomes.Study DesignCombined prospective cohort st...
Public Risk Perception Attitude and Information-Seeking Efficacy on Floods: A Formative Study for Disaster Preparation Campaigns and Policies

Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural hazards and disasters in many southern states in the United States. This study examined the relationship and reciprocal predictability between two theoretical constructs—risk perception attitude (RPA) and information-seeking efficacy (ISE)—in regard to pluvial floods. In addition, this study extended these theoretical constructs to investigate differences in RPA and ISE among potential audience segments, providing practitioners with applicable insights for designing effective flood prevention and risk management campaigns. Analysis of data from 716 residents in south Louisiana revealed a statistically strong relationship between RPA and ISE. This research also identified specific audience segments that would benefit from an increase in RPA and ISE concerning floods. These meaningful findings inform a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the relationship between RPA and ISE and guide future disaster preparation campaigns and policies.
Intracranial hemorrhage due to central venous occlusion from hemodialysis access: A case report

Central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients rarely causes venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. A 54 year-old male with right arm arteriovenous fistula was transferred to our institution in a comatose state following right parietal venous infarction. Fistulography showed right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) occlusion with reflux into the right transverse sinus and obstruction of left internal jugular vein outflow due to the styloid process. Balloon venoplasty of the right BCV occlusion failed to improve the patient's status because of the delayed diagnosis. Headaches and neurologic symptoms in hemodialysis patients can herald intracranial hypertension due to central venous occlusion and needs prompt assessment with fistulography.
The effects of state earned income tax credits on mental health and health behaviors: A quasi-experimental study.

The earned income tax credit (EITC) is the largest U.S. poverty alleviation program for families with children, and state EITC policies provide a modest supplement to the federal program. Yet there are few studies of the effects of state EITC policies on population health. We examined whether state EITC policies affect mental health and health behaviors. Participants were drawn from the 1995-2015 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a diverse national cohort study (N = 10,567). We used a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences analysis to examine the effects of state EITC programs among eligible individuals, accounting for secular trends among similar individuals in non-EITC states. Outcomes included self-reported general health, psychological distress, alcohol use, and smoking. The mean size of state EITC refunds in our sample was $265 for eligible individuals. In the overall sample, state EITC programs were not associated with any health outcomes of interest. This finding was robust to alternative specifications, and similar in subgroup analyses by gender and marital status. This study suggests that state EITC programs, which tend to provide smaller refunds than the federal program, may not be large enough to have a positive impact on mental health and health behaviors. These findings may inform policymaking related to the generosity of state EITC programs, especially as states seek to address the socioeconomic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.