cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 12-hour urine collection accurately assesses proteinuria in the hospitalized hypertensive gravida.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a urine collection of <24 hours duration accurately assesses the level of proteinuria in inpatients being evaluated for preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Patients admitted to the University of Mississippi between January and June of 1998 for evaluation of preeclampsia underwent two consecutive 12-hour urine collections. Each collection was analyzed for total protein, total calcium, total volume, and urine creatinine. A concurrent serum creatinine value was obtained. The protein:creatinine ratio, calcium:creatinine ratio, and creatinine clearance were calculated. Pearson’s correlation, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients (86%) were preeclamptic. Total protein, the protein:creatinine ratio, and serum creatinine were significantly correlated between the first and second urine collection. The sensitivity and specificity of the 12-hour urine collection was 96% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A 12-hour urine collection accurately depicts the amount of proteinuria in hospitalized gravidas being evaluated for preeclampsia.
Generation of a mammalian cell line stably expressing a tetracycline-regulated epitope-tagged human androgen receptor: implications for steroid hormone receptor research.

The androgen receptor (AR) is hormone-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in differentiation, development, and maintenance of male reproductive functions. To establish a useful model system for studying molecular mechanisms of AR action, we generated a HeLa-derived cell line (termed E19) that stably expresses human AR. Because overexpression of AR in cultured cells can be cytotoxic, we placed AR expression under the control of a tetracycline-regulated promoter. The stably expressed AR also contains an N-terminal FLAG-epitope tag (f:AR) that provides an advantageous method for immunopurification. We show that f:AR expression in E19 cells can be precisely modulated by varying the concentration of tetracycline or its chemical derivative doxycycline in the growth media. The functional activity of E19-expressed f:AR is demonstrated in vivo by its ability to activate transiently transfected AR reporter genes in an androgen-dependent manner, and in vitro by its ability to specifically bind AR-response elements using DNA-mobility shift assays. We further show that f:AR in androgen-stimulated E19 cells is markedly phosphorylated and coimmunopurifies with the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). The implications of these findings on steroid receptor research and the identification of receptor coregulatory factors will be discussed.
The Impact of a Sport-Based Life Skill Program on Adolescent Prosocial Values

Abstract This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a sport-based life skills and community service program. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of a combined life skills and community service program on adolescents' prosocial values. The program was part of a national golf and life skills enrichment academy for adolescents (n = 100). It was hypothesized that the life skills component would have a significant impact on adolescents' prosocial values and that participants (n = 42) who were involved in the community service component following the program, when compared to a comparison group (n = 23), would maintain their increased levels of prosocial values. Results indicated that the program had a significant positive impact on adolescents' prosocial values and that the community service experience positively impacted the adolescents' levels of empathic concern and social responsibility. These results are consistent with existing research on participating in commu...
SBR–PVDF based binder for the application of SLMP in graphite anodes

A styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)–polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based binder system has been developed for an electrochemical system that is not compatible with the conventional N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent used to cast most Li-ion electrode slurries. This polymer system's binding properties decouple the mechanical and ionic-transport properties. It demonstrates comparable mechanical properties to SBR-based electrodes and cell performance to traditional PVDF-based electrodes. This new binder design however enables the incorporation of stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) into a graphite anode to improve its first cycle coulombic efficiency.
Retinoid-binding proteins are phosphorylated invitro by soluble Ca+2- and phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase from mouse brain

Abstract Cellular retinol-binding protein (cRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (cRABP) were purified from calf liver and uterus, respectively. Soluble Ca+2- phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase-C (PK-C) derived from mouse brain was capable of phosphorylating both of these apoproteins in vitro as determined by the phosphocellulose binding assay. The Km value was determined to be 6.2 μM for apo-cRBP and 5.1 μM for apo-cRABP. In contrast, the Km value for the histone III-S fraction was estimated to be 10.8 μM; the Km values for ATP in the presence of apo-cRBP and apo-cRABP were 12.4 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. Specificity of phosphorylation of the retinoid-binding proteins was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography of the assay mixture as well as by a concentration-dependent, Ca+2, and phosphatidylserine sensitivity of the phosphorylation of both apo-cRBP and apo-cRABP. Inhibition of PK-C activity by holo-cRBP and holo-cRABP was also observed. Thus, phosphorylation of both of the retinoid-binding proteins may play an important modulating role in i) the ability of retinoids to function as antipromoters in chemically-induced tumorigenesis and ii) the control of physiological aspects of retinoid action in normal and retrodifferentiated cells.
Intratesticular 13-cis retinoic acid is lower in men with abnormal semen analyses: a pilot study

Intratesticular retinoic acid is necessary for spermatogenesis, but the relationship between intratesticular retinoic acid and sperm quality in man has not been studied. We hypothesized that intratesticular concentrations of retinoic acid would be lower in men with abnormal semen analyses compared to men with normal semen analyses. We recruited men requiring scrotal or penile surgery in a pilot observational study examining the relationship between sperm quality and intratesticular and serum retinoic acid. Twenty-four men provided two pre-operative blood and semen samples, and underwent a testicular biopsy during surgery. Serum and tissue all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid and reproductive hormones were measured by LC/MS/MS and radioimmunoassays, respectively. Seven men had abnormal semen analyses by at least one WHO criteria and 17 men were normal. In men with abnormal semen, the median (25th, 75th percentile) intratesticular 13-cis retinoic acid was 0.14 (0.08, 0.25) pmol/gram tissue compared with 0.26 (0.18, 0.38) pmol/gram tissue in men with normal semen (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in intratesticular all-trans retinoic acid or serum reproductive hormones between men with normal and abnormal semen analyses. Intratesticular 13-cis retinoic acid is significantly lower in men with abnormal semen analyses compared to men with normal semen analyses. Lower intratesticular 13-cis retinoic acid concentrations may be due to decreased biosynthesis or increased metabolism in the testes. Further investigation of the relationship between intratesticular 13-cis retinoic acid and poor sperm quality is warranted to determine if this association is present in infertile men.
Calderón-Zygmund theory for product domains: Hp spaces

This article deals with the boundedness properties of singular integrals that generalize the double Hilbert transform on product domains. The action of these operators on Hardy spaces and on L(log L) is discussed.
The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale

Abstract This work considers the applicability of conservative tracers for detecting high-saturation nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) entrapment in heterogeneous systems. For this purpose, a series of experiments and simulations was performed using a two-dimensional heterogeneous system (10×1.2 m), which represents an intermediate scale between laboratory and field scales. Tracer tests performed prior to injecting the NAPL provide the baseline response of the heterogeneous porous medium. Two NAPL spill experiments were performed and the entrapped-NAPL saturation distribution measured in detail using a gamma-ray attenuation system. Tracer tests following each of the NAPL spills produced breakthrough curves (BTCs) reflecting the impact of entrapped NAPL on conservative transport. To evaluate significance, the impact of NAPL entrapment on the conservative-tracer breakthrough curves was compared to simulated breakthrough curve variability for different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Analysis of the results reveals that the NAPL entrapment has a significant impact on the temporal moments of conservative-tracer breakthrough curves.
Electron states, magnetism, and the Verwey transition in magnetite

Using density-functional calculations, we examine the electronic structure of magnetite in the spinel crystal structure in order to gain insight into the nature of the Verwey transition. The calculated cohesive and magnetic properties are in agreement with experimental results. The magnetic structure is analyzed using a Stoner model as well as from calculations within the framework of the local-spin-density approximation to the density-functional theory. The calculations show a minority-spin band at the Fermi energy consisting of ${\mathit{t}}_{2\mathit{g}}$ orbitals on the Fe(B) sublattice. These results suggest a three-band spinless model Hamiltonian for the description of the Verwey transition. The hopping integrals and the electron interaction parameters entering the model Hamiltonian are calculated using the ``constrained'' density-functional theory. The calculated parameters are consistent with the electronic origin of the Verwey transition.
Subpopulations of “nocifensor neurons” contributing to pain and allodynia, itch and alloknesis

Abstract A model is proposed to explain the origins of two qualitatively different dysesthesias evoked by lightly stroking the skin surrounding a local cutaneous injury produced by different chemicals, one that evokes pain and another that elicits itch. Gently stroking the skin elicits pain (allodynia) after a pain-producing injection of capsaicin, but elicits itch (alloknesis) after an itch-producing injection of histamine. It is suggested that all primary sensory neurons that act to protect the body be called “nocifensor neurons” and that while some evoke sensations or reflexes that signal the occurrence of noxious events in peripheral tissue (“nociceptors”), others alter the properties of neuronal or non-neuronal tissue in the periphery or the central nervous system (“noceffectors”). The model proposes that pain and itch, produced, for example, by capsaicin and histamine, are evoked by activity in different populations of nociceptive primary afferent neurons that project onto two different types of spinothalamic tract cells in the dorsal horn. Allodynia and alloknesis are produced by other, different populations of noceffective primary afferents that act to produce a prolonged enhancement of activity in two different populations of interneurons in the dorsal horn. These interneurons receive a convergent input from low-threshold cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents and project correspondingly onto the separate types of spinothalamic tract cells mediating pain or itch.
Residue-response relationship between PAH body burdens and lysosomal membrane destabilization in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and toxicokinetics of PAHs.

This study was undertaken to establish residue-response relationship between lysosomal destabilization and body residues of multiple PAHs in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed to a mixture of PAHs for 25 days in laboratory aquariums. The contaminated oysters were then placed in clean aquariums for 20 days to allow them to depurate and recover. The lysosomal destabilization was linearly correlated with the PAH body burdens. Regression analysis showed that critical body residue (CBR), in terms of lysosomal destabilization (at least 50% of destabilized cells), was found at 2,100 ng/g (9.32 nmol/g) of total PAHs. This CBR is much lower than the CBRs for reproduction and death, confirming that lysosomal destabilization, as a cellular level biomarker, appears to be functioning as an early warning indicator that can be used to detect aquatic contamination much before severe effects are observed. During 25 days of exposure, the lysosomal destabilization and PAH body burdens increased from 32 to 75% a...
Practical computer-aided registration of multiple, three-dimensional, magnetic-resonance observations of the human brain

We define a methodology for aligning multiple, three-dimensional, magnetic-resonance observations of the human brain over six degrees of freedom. The observations may be taken with disparate resolutions, pulse sequences, and orientations. The alignment method is a practical combination of off-line and interactive computation. An off-line computation first automatically performs a robust surface extraction from each observation. Second, an operator executes interactively on a graphics workstation to produce the alignment. For our experiments, we were able to complete both alignment tasks interactively, due to the quick execution of our implementation of the off-line computation on a highly-parallel supercomputer. To assess accuracy of an alignment, we also propose a consistency measure.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determination of the Orientation of Adsorbed Pyridine and γ-MPS on Alumina Surface by Photoacoustic FT-IR Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy has been applied to determine the structure and orientation of pyridine and γ-Metacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane (γ-MPS) on γ-Al2O3 surface. Adsorption of pyridine on activated γ-Al2O3 leads to formation of a pyridinium ion (pyN+-H) and pyridine N-oxide. The orientation of pyridinium ion on the alumina surface is random, whereas the pyridine N-oxide is parallel with respect to the surface. The adsorption of oligomers of γ-MPS gives parallel layers on the alumina surface. At low γ-MPS surface coverage, the carbonyl groups interact with the surface hydroxyl groups. Increasing surface coverage leads to an excess of the free C=O species.
Improving outpatient care in chronic cardiac diseases: no easy solutions.

Quality improvement efforts in cardiology over the past decade have focused largely on the inpatient care of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Collaborative efforts such as the CRUSADE and the National Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction have taught us a great deal about the state of the quality of medical care and sources of variation in care. They have also advocated use of standing order sets and reminder systems as a means to improve the quality of care. Both registries have demonstrated the impact of adherence to evidence-based medicine and clinical outcomes. Efforts to improve outpatient adherence to evidencebased medicine in cardiology have focused more on improving delivery systems in heart failure and preventing coronary artery disease, emphasizing with varying success the important roles of multidisciplinary care through the use of nurse practitioners and specialized clinics in heart failure especially. The needs of patients and their families are more complex in chronic disease and require planning, proactive interventions by caregivers, and patient self-management. The Institute of Medicine declared 6 aims for health care systems in the United States. Health care should be safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. To fulfill these aims, the institute also declared 10 rules that need to be followed (Table I). Following these rules will drive significant reengineering of care delivery, especially in chronic disease, with important implications for patients, providers, and systems. Patients must be the source of control for decision making with regard to their care, and this requires provision of necessary information in an understandable manner by providers. Patients must also have freedom of choice for their health care. For providers, evidencebased care must be provided, which increasingly places a burden on clinical decision support. Communication and collaboration among care providers will also be necessary for effective care provision. The system of
Spatial resolution in electron energy loss spectroscopy

Abstract Within the semi-classical theory, energy loss scattering may be calculated in an electrostatic limit. The range of interaction is then dominated by the response of the probed system and not by the Coulomb potential of the swift electron. General quantum mechanical considerations lead to the conclusion that the semi-classical approach is very good for high-energy electron scattering, and provide a good framework for evaluation of scattering using small probes. Excitation of a localized electron state, or an electron-hole pair, is highly modified by the presence of dielectric screening within a solid. This screening may be visualized as a response field within the bulk, and is closely related to the charge density wake which trails the swift electron. The spatial resolution for this situation is less than 0.5 nm.
Evaluation of some trigonometric series occurring in infinite chain polymer calculations

Closed formulas are presented for a number of trigonometric series whose summands contain inverse powers of one or two quadratic forms. It is shown how to arrange the formulas to remove apparent numerical instabilities, and useful numerical approximations are identified together with the range of their validity.
Effect of early fenceline exposure to estrous ewes on the sexual performance of yearling rams

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that early heterosexual (mating) experience improves the sexual performance of yearling rams. The present study examines the effect of early fenceline (FL) contact of young ram lambs with estrous females on their sexual performance as yearlings. A total of 104 rams, 7–8 months of age, were given either no contact (NC), direct contact (DC) or FL exposure to estrous ewes during a 3-week period in the fall breeding season. When initially tested for sexual performance as yearling rams at 18–19 months, 8 of 21 (38%) FL rams exhibited no sexual interest in estrous females (did not court or mount females), a result that was intermediate to and not significantly different from (P>0.05) the incidence of sexual disinterest exhibited by NC (59%) and DC rams (15%). The difference between NC and DC rams was significant (P 0.05) the incidence of mounting by NC and DC males (41% vs. 85%, respectively). Again, NC and DC rams differed from one another (P
Laser-induced time-resolved emission of electronically-excited UF6

Abstract Lifetimes of electronically excited UF6 molecules have been determined at room temperature from 0.01–80 torr. An estimate for the collision free lifetime ⪕40 μs for UF6 excited at 393 nm was determined. The Stern—Volmer plots for UF6 self-quenching revealed from regions of curvature.
Renal adenocarcinoma in benign hyperdense mass

We report a case of a renal adenocarcinoma presenting as a benign hyperdense mass. The etiology and radiologic diagnosis of hyperdense renal masses are presented.
Statistics and Dynamics of Persistent Anomalies

Persistent anomalies with recurrent spatial patterns play an important role in the atmosphere's low-frequency variability. A connection between statistical and dynamical methods of description and prediction of persistent anomalies is established by computing and analyzing the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) in a simple deterministic model, on the one hand, and in Southern Hemisphere geopotential heights, on the other. The dynamical model is governed by the fully nonlinear, equivalent-barotropic vorticity equation on the sphere, with simplified forcing, dissipation and topography. The Southern Hemisphere data consist in gridded daily maps of 500 mb heights from June 1972 to July 1983. Two types of persistent anomalies appear in this time series, both having a strong wavenumber-three component; they differ by the value of the constant phase of this wave and by the strength of the wavenumber-one component. The first two EOFs bear a striking resemblance to these two patterns. It is concluded that the dynamical interpretation of EOFs is their pointing from the time mean to the most populated regions of the system's phase space. Pursuing this interpretation, a Markov-chain formulation of transitions from one persistent anomaly regime to another is introduced, and the implications for long-range forecasting are discussed.
Investigation of some complexes formed in solution by caffeine. III. Interactions between caffeine and aspirin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, salicylate ion, and butyl paraben.

The equilibrium reactions leading to complex formation between caffeine and six pharmaceuticals have been studied. The stability constants at several temperatures, the heats of reaction, and the entropy changes have been approximated. It is shown that complex formation may lead to either a decrease or an increase in the solubilities of the reactants. The influence of structure on equilibrium is also discussed.
A highly modular and convergent approach for the synthesis of stimulant-responsive heteroligated cofacial porphyrin tweezer complexes.

The synthesis of new hemilabile phosphine ligands and their reaction with [Rh(COE)2Cl]2 to form dissymmetric heteroligated tweezer complexes using a halide-induced ligand rearrangement reaction are reported. These complexes can undergo reactions with small-molecule ligands and elemental anions quantitatively in situ, which serve to regulate the porphyrin−porphyrin distances and interactions within the assembly.
Promoting services via the Internet: new opportunities and challenges

The Internet has the potential to revolutionize all kinds of business activities, including the creation, promotion, and delivery of services. In this paper, we examine the intersection of two frameworks in order to identify new opportunities for delivering and promoting services via the Internet. The first framework is based on technology and network boundaries (e.g. intranet, extranet, Internet). The second framework is based on the business objective of the network application (e.g. automation, information, transformation). By combining these two frameworks, we identify nine new ways to create and promote services.
Are rural residents less likely to obtain recommended preventive healthcare services

Abstract Background: This study examined rural-urban differences in utilization of preventive healthcare services and assessed the impact of rural residence, demographic factors, health insurance status, and health system characteristics on the likelihood of obtaining each service. Methods: National data from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the 1999 Area Resource File were used to evaluate the adequacy of preventive services obtained by rural and urban women and men, using three sets of nationally accepted preventive services guidelines from the American Cancer Society, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, and Healthy People 2010 . Logistic regression models were developed to control for the effect of demographic factors, health insurance status, and health system characteristics. Results: Rural residents are less likely than urban residents to obtain certain preventive health services and are further behind urban residents in meeting Healthy People 2010 objectives. Conclusions: Efforts to increase rural preventive services utilization need to build on federal, state, and community-based initiatives and to recognize the special challenges that rural areas present.
Environmental regulation of food intake by birds

Abstract 1. 1. Night-time stress of cold or exercise does not change morning weights in fully adjusted house sparrows but increases evening weights. 2. 2. Night-time weight losses at 23°C are one-half water and one-quarter each of fats and carbohydrates, equivalent to 2·7 and 3·9 kcal/g in exercised and non-exercised birds. 3. 3. Feeding is proportional to both nightly weight loss and daytime cold. 4. 4. Daytime gains cost about 6 kcal/g live wt of which about half is the energy stored. 5. 5. In stressed birds, rapid morning increases in weight continue as needed throughout the day.
Planning in the IGRT context: closing the loop.

Technological developments in image-guided radiotherapy systems have introduced new considerations to the treatment-planning process. These include more rational assessment and reduction of treatment margins; adaptation of treatment plans according to information gathered as treatment progresses; and facilitation of treatments involving the delivery of large, highly focused doses of radiation to tumors. We examine the performance of different treatment-room image-guidance systems in terms of target position accuracy; such information is important for determining treatment margins and deciding on an appropriate correction strategy. Some clinical situations may warrant a modification to a patient’s treatment plan part way through a course of treatment, such as tumor shrinkage in response to treatment and daily organ variation. We discuss the challenges and review proposed strategies for treatment-plan adaptation. Image guidance in combination with 3-dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy has provided the tools for clinical trials of single-dose and hypofractionated treatment as an alternative to standard fractionation. We discuss the clinical realization of this treatment paradigm in various disease sites.
Sending States and Immigrant Minorities-the Case of Italy

Migrations, with all the incidental collision, conflicts and fusions of peoples and cultures which they occasion, have been counted among the decisive forces in history (Park 1928). As the quotation from R. Park's 1928 work demonstrates, sociologists have a rather longstanding interest in migration and its consequences, in "the conflicts and fusions of peoples." The period of relative tranquility between 1925 and 1955 was followed by a marked resurgence of ethnicity and a revitalization of international migrations during the 1960s and 1970s. Neither of these phenomena was confined to the Western Hemisphere or the new countries in Africa and Asia, but included a revival of ethnic mobilization in such nationstates as Great Britain, France, and Spain and the migration of millions of workers from southern Europe to the advanced industrial countries in northern Europe.'
Crossing the Digital Divide: Do All Global Citizens Have Their Passports?

This article discusses factors which influence internet usage in various countries. In a 2005 article in “Social Forces,” Mauro Guillen of the University of Pennsylvania and Sandra Suarez of Temple University, explore the extent to which a country's degree of development and status in the world impact Internet usage. They also examined how level of democracy, cosmopolitanism, the extent of competition in the delivery of local telephone service and the ownership of Internet providers in a country, impacts Internet usage.
The threshold effects of exchange rate volatility on exports: Evidence from US bilateral exports

Previous research that employed bilateral trading data in analyzing the impact of exchange rate volatility on real trading volume has yielded mixed results. Thus, it is possible that the effects are non-linear. This paper uses a threshold regression model proposed by Hansen (1999) to examine this impact on bilateral exports between the US and its top 13 trading partners. The estimated results illustrate that the threshold effects exist if the threshold variable is real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of partner countries relative to US GDP per capita. Exchange rate volatility reduces the exports from the US to relative high-income partner countries but increases exports from the US to relative low-income partner countries.
Evidence implicating the 5' untranslated region of Listeria monocytogenes actA in the regulation of bacterial actin-based motility.

Summary The ActA protein of Listeria monocytogenes is a major virulence factor, essential for the recruitment and polymerization of host actin filaments that lead to intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spread of bacteria within the infected host. The expression of actA is tightly regulated and is strongly induced only when L. monocytogenes is within the host cytosol. Intracellular induction of actA expression is mediated through a single promoter element that directs the expression of a messenger RNA with a long (150 bp) 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Deletion of the actA+3 to +130 upstream region was found to result in bacterial mutants that were no longer capable of intracellular actin recruitment or cell-to-cell spread, thus indicating that this region is important for actA expression. L. monocytogenes strains that contained smaller deletions (21–23 bp) within the actA upstream region demonstrated a range of actA expression levels that coincided with the amount of bacterial cell-to-cell spread observed within infected monolayers. A correlation appeared to exist between levels of actA expression and the ability of L. monocytogenes to transition from uniform actin accumulation surrounding individual bacteria (actin clouds) to directional assembly and the formation of actin tails. Bacterial mutants containing deletions that most significantly altered the predicted secondary structure of the actA mRNA 5′ UTR had the largest reductions in actA expression. These results suggest that the actA 5′ UTR is required for maximal ActA synthesis and that a threshold level of ActA synthesis must be achieved to promote the transition from bacteria-associated actin clouds to directional actin assembly and movement.
A simple on-line bin-packing algorithm

The one-dimensional on-line bin-packing problem is considered, A simple O(1)-space and O(n)-time algorithm, called HARMONICM, is presented. It is shown that this algorithm can achieve a worst-case performance ratio of less than 1.692, which is better than that of the O(n)-space and O(n log n)-time algorithm FIRST FIT. Also shown is that 1.691 … is a lower bound for all0(1)-space on-line bin-packing algorithms. Finally a revised version of HARMONICM , an O(n)-space and O(n)- time algorithm, is presented and is shown to have a worst-case performance ratio of less than 1.636.
Ultrastructural and immunochemical analyses of the distribution of microfilaments in seedlings and plants of Glycine max

Filamentous structures were observed when cytoplasmic extracts of various tissues of soybean plants and seedlings were examined by electron microscopy. Three main lines of evidence indicate that these structures represented microfilaments derived from the soybean tissues: a) the diameter of the filaments was estimated to be 6–7 nm; b) the addition of rabbit heavy meromyosin resulted in the decoration of the filaments, yielding characteristic arrow-head patterns; and c) ATP reversed the decoration of the filaments by heavy meromyosin. When the various anatomical parts of soybean plants and seedlings were compared for the presence of microfilaments, the root tips and radicles showed the highest frequency while the petioles and cotyledons yielded no observable filaments. In order to substantiate these findings, a quantitative radioimmunoassay was developed using rabbit antibodies directed against calf thymus actin. These studies demonstrated that the concentration of actin in extracts of the root tip was 15-fold higher than in those of the petiole and leaf. Similar comparisons of various parts of soybean seedlings showed that the radicle was rich in actin. These results suggest that actin filaments are found predominantly in the subterranean parts of plants.
Interatomic Distances and Nuclear Quadrupole Couplings in ClCN, BrCN, and ICN

The following nuclear and molecular constants have been obtained from microwave measurements of the pure rotational spectra of $\mathrm{ClCN} (J=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3 \mathrm{transition})$, $\mathrm{BrCN} (J=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4)$, and $\mathrm{ICN} (J=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5)$. The moments of inertia from the ground vibrational states are, in ${\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}40}$: for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${140.5}_{11}$; for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${141.2}_{45}$; for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${143.4}_{80}$; for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${144.2}_{83}$; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{79}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${203.6}_{21}$; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{81}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${204.7}_{86}$; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{79}$${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${205.9}_{64}$; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{81}$${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${207.1}_{72}$; for ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${260.0}_{99}$; and for ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${264.0}_{72}$. The interatomic distances in A for the ground vibrational states are ${d}_{\mathrm{CCl}}=1.630$, ${d}_{\mathrm{CN}}=1.163$, for ClCN; ${d}_{\mathrm{CBr}}=1.789$, ${d}_{\mathrm{CN}}=1.160$, for BrCN; and ${d}_{\mathrm{CI}}=1.995$, ${d}_{\mathrm{CN}}=1.159$, for ICN. Quadrupole couplings in mc/s evaluated from the hyperfine structure are: for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$, -83.5; for ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$, -65.0; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{79}$, 686; for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{81}$, 573; and for ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$, -2420.
Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of thrombin by concanavalin A

Abstract Concanavalin A, a carbohydrate lectin derived from the jack bean, prolongs the thrombin clotting time of human plasma or purified fibrinogen. Prolongation is due to delay in peptide release from fibrinogen. The rate of fibrin monomer polymerization is not affected. Hydrolysis of protamine sulfate by thrombin is inhibited by concanavalin A. All inhibitory effects are prevented by α-methyl-D-mannoside. Concanavalin A does not delay clotting of fibrinogen by reptilase (releases fibrinopeptide A only) or by Ancistrodon contortrix contortrix (releases fibrinopeptide B initially followed by a small amount of A). It is concluded that concanavalin A binds to a carbohydrate on the thrombin molecule thus inhibiting its enzymatic activity.
The Relationship between Computer Anxiety and Computer Achievement

Computers are rapidly being introduced into virtually every work setting. The ability to use computers, therefore, has become a crucial component in the educational process. Computer anxiety, however, may influence student abilities to master computer skills and consequently affect the degree to which computers can effectively be utilized. This study investigates the possible effects of computer anxiety on student achievement in computer skills. The results suggest that computer anxiety is an important predictor of computer achievement. Educational systems that seek to prepare students in the field of computer applications must, therefore, become particularly concerned with creating less stressful environments.
Occurrence of paramyosin among the nematomorpha.

PREVIOUSLY, the longitudinal body wall muscles of freshwater nematomorphs were considered to be histologically similar to the coelomyarian type muscle fibres common among nematodes1, 2 and, although double oblique striations were found by Rauther3 in nematomorph muscle preparations, their underlying structure remained unknown. But on the basis of ultra-structural information, mechanical responses and biochemical analyses4, the longitudinal body wall muscles of Paragordius varius (Leidy) and Gordius robustus Leidy are now considered to be of the paramyosin smooth type. The phenomenon of “tight coiling” in these species (Fig. 1A) requires the slow, tonic type muscle structure.
Reflections on pathology and "Web 2.0".

In this issue of the Journal , Schreiber and Giustini1 provide a concise overview of the ways in which “Web 2.0” has affected—and will influence—the teaching and practice of pathology. As they indicate, the “2.0” designation has become a shorthand way of describing an enhanced capacity for interactivity on Internet sites through a number of associated applications. Another article in this issue, by Shirts et al,2 illustrates this very property. Web users now have the ability to build sites with integrated photographs, 3-dimensional images of various types, movies, music and other audio files, animated illustrations, “chat” functions, and Internet-based short message services (SMS,3 as exemplified by “Twitter”4). In that context, Schreiber and Giustini1 outline the possibilities for the use of 2.0 capabilities by pathologists. As they indicate, continuing medical education (CME) is one of the principal targets of such technology. Without much exaggeration, one can envision a future situation in which real-time streaming audio-video presentations can be accompanied by high-resolution images, problems for the Web audience to solve—with immediate collation of results—and concurrent chat room or SMS-type interchanges between participants and presenters. This format could be used for medical school–level educational activities, off-site residency training, CME, or board-associated maintenance of certification processes. Indeed, at least 1 online professional school—Concord Law School of Kaplan University—already structures its mode of instruction along those lines, together with the use of reading assignments in hard-copy legal texts.5 That particular school of law is presently recognized only by the state of California, with regard to the eligibility of its graduates for the state bar examination. However, its dean, Barry Currier, JD, is a former consultant on legal education for the American Bar Association who believes that distance learning of the law is here to stay.6 When the stress …
SOD2, the principal scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, is dispensable for embryogenesis and imaginal tissue development but essential for adult survival.

Definitive evidence on the impact of MnSOD/SOD2-deficiency and the consequent effects of high flux of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) on pre-natal/pre-adult development has yet to be reported for either Drosophila or mice. Here we report that oocytes lacking maternal SOD2 protein develop into adults just like normal SOD2-containing oocytes suggesting that maternal SOD2-mediated protection against mitochondrial ROS is not essential for oocyte viability. However, the capacity of SOD2-null larvae to undergo successful metamorphosis into adults is negatively influenced in the absence of SOD2. We therefore determined the impact of a high superoxide environment on cell size, progression through the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell death and found no difference between SOD2-null and SOD2+ larva and pupa. Thus loss of SOD2 activity clearly has no effect on pre-adult imaginal tissues. Instead, we found that the high mitochondrial superoxide environment arising from the absence of SOD2 leads t...
Dissociative chemisorption of oxygen on Ir(110) as a function of surface coverage

Abstract We have investigated the probability of dissociative chemisorption of molecular oxygen on the reconstructed Ir(110) surface as a function of surface coverage using supersonic molecular beams over a wide range of surface temperatures (80 to 1000 K) and beam energies (1 to 28 kcal/mol) at different angles of incidence. These results are highly non-Langmuirian, with sudden transitions in the slope of the probability of chemisorption as a function of coverage. These distinctive transitions in the probability of chemisorption are attributed to the kinetic effects of multiple precursors on the surface, as well as effects due to the highly corrugated nature of the surface, and are extant over the entire spectrum of the parameters we investigated. A kinetic model with two precursors to dissociative chemisorption, a molecularly chemisorbed state and a physically adsorbed state, yields an excellent fit to the data at a beam energy of 1.2 kcal/mol for surface temperatures from 150 to 600 K. At a surface temperature of 85 K and beam energies between 1.2 and 8.5 kcal/mol, the probability of chemisorption as a function of coverage can be resolved into two components: a trapping-mediated and a direct component. The trapping-mediated component remains constant until high coverages (θ > 0.6) and then decreases rapidly, and it decreases exponentially with increasing beam energy. The other component is direct chemisorption into the molecularly chemisorbed well, whose contribution increases with increasing energy and shows an effective activation barrier of 5 kcal/mol. The direct component is fit very well by a model of dissociative chemisorption using second-order Langmuirian adsorption kinetics. We have also determined the difference between the barrier to desorption and the barrier to reaction (dissociation) as measured from the bottom of the molecularly chemisorbed well at non-zero coverage, and Ed − Er was determined to be 2.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mol with k (0) d k (0) r = 190 ± 60 . The probability of chemisorption is at most weakly sensitive to the angle of incidence at any surface coverage over the entire range of beam energies.
Sustainability reporting: A comparative study of NGOs and MNCs

This paper investigates the extent to which non-governmental organizations (NGOs) disclose their sustainability activities. NGOs may lose legitimacy because they, themselves, do not do the very things they ask corporations to do. As such, NGOs' legitimate role in corporate governance is questioned. We define legitimacy as self-organizing and self-disclosing activities in the area of sustainability. Using data from Fortune 250 (corporations) and the Forbes 200 (NGOs), we compare these two organizational types with regard to their commitment to sustainable development. Across eight dimensions of legitimacy we found that corporations outscored NGOs. Five of the eight dimensions showed statistically significant differences; two dimensions showed marginally significant findings (p < .06). The directionality of the findings indicates a greater commitment to sustainability among corporations than among NGOs. The findings suggest that an inadequacy of commitment and disclosure on the part of NGOs prevents them from claiming legitimacy in their quest to participate in corporate governance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Analytical applications of the continuous measurement of reaction rate: lactic dehydrogenase in blood serum.

Abstract The application of an instrument that continuously and automatically measures the rates of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions has been described for the determination of lactic acid dehydrogenase in blood Serum. Serum samples (0.2 ml) are analyzed at a rate of 20 per hour. Conservative amounts of reagents and enzyme are required, reagents are stable, and the method is feasible for routine application. Because of the linear response and simple calibration procedure, routine serum samples may be read out directly, with an error of about 20 LDH units. No calculation is necessary. At the present time, application of the technique is limited to procedures for which a suitable standard enzyme solution can be prepared. Application should increase in the future with increased availability of standards and the development of new standardization procedures.
Are ionic liquids suitable media for boron nitride exfoliation and dispersion? Insight via molecular dynamics

The free energies of exfoliation and dispersion for hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayers from a model h-BN bilayer calculated using adaptive bias force–molecular dynamics (ABF–MD) simulations advocate the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in the liquid exfoliation of h-BN to yield individually stabilized (isolated) nanosheets. These calculations should tantalize experimentalists and open up avenues for exploring the IL exfoliation and dispersion of BN and other layered materials, such as the metal chalcogenides.
Optical properties of calcite and gypsum in crystalline and powdered form in the infrared and far-infrared

Abstract The complex indices of refraction for crystalline gypsum and calcite were determined from reflectance measurements for both single crystals and pressed powder pellets. These optical constants were determined from a classical dispersive analysis (DA) of the reflectance data to facilitate comparisons between the crystal and powdered data. This study was done to show the usefulness and the limitations of using pressed pellets for determining the complex refractive index of materials unavailable in single crystals.
Dirk van Hulle. Modern Manuscripts: The Extended Mind and Creative Undoing from Darwin to Beckett and Beyond. London: Bloomsbury, 2014. xiii + 271 pp.

Review of Dirk van Hulle. Modern Manuscripts: The Extended Mind and Creative Undoing from Darwin to Beckett and Beyond. London: Bloomsbury, 2014. xiii + 271 pp.
Overexpressing GRP78 influences Ca2+ handling and function of mitochondria in astrocytes after ischemia-like stress.

Abstract Ca2+ transfer from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria at contact sites between the organelles can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and programmed cell death after stress. The ER-localized chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78/BiP) protects neurons against excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Here we show that overexpressing GRP78 protects astrocytes against ischemic injury, reduces net flux of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria, increases Ca2+ uptake capacity in isolated mitochondria, reduces free radical production, and preserves respiratory activity and mitochondrial membrane potential after stress. We conclude that GRP78 influences ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ crosstalk to maintain mitochondrial function and protect astrocytes from ischemic injury.
An NDE Methodology to Predict Density in Green-State Powder Metallurgy Compacts

Extensive work at PMRC has established a clear correlation between green-state density and electric conductivity of P/M parts. By monitoring a static electric current flow through the pre-sintered P/M sample and recording the voltage response over its surface, sufficient information can be gathered to predict the density profile throughout the sample volume. In this paper, the formulation and implementation of a novel numerical forward and inverse formulation will be presented that is capable of relating DC voltage measurements to green-state density distributions. It will be shown that this methodology is applicable to both lubricated and lubricant-free compacts. We will present a general forward solution that enables the calculation of three-dimensional surface voltages for a given set of boundary conditions and a known conductivity/density distribution throughout the P/M sample. This formulation is particularly useful for the development of new sensors and measurement arrangements, since it permits the optimization of current injection patterns and voltage probe locations. Our novel inverse solution adjusts the conductivity/density profile so as to determine the conductivity distribution that matches most closely a given set of voltage data on the surface. Practical measurements with a range of green-state P/M samples will underscore the success and usefulness of this modeling approach.