cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periodicity-Controlled Two-Dimensional Crystalline Colloidal Arrays

We developed a convenient and fast approach to preparing close-packed two-dimensional (2-D) particle arrays on mercury surfaces. Addition of cosolvents, such as alcohols, to aqueous colloidal particle suspensions induces spreading and self-assembly of the particles into 2-D arrays on top of the mercury surface. We can fabricate large-area close-packed 2-D arrays (>70 cm(2)) within 30 s. We attached these 2-D arrays to functional hydrogel films such that the 2-D array spacings were altered by the hydrogel volume response to the environment. We directly observed the hydrogel volume induced 2-D array spacing changes by using confocal laser scanning microscopy to monitor the spacings of fluorescent polystyrene particle 2-D arrays in response to changes in pH, solvent composition, temperature, etc.
Coordination of p300-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling and TRAP/Mediator Function through Coactivator PGC-1α

Abstract Transcriptional coactivators showing physical and functional interactions with PPARγ include the protein acetyl transferase p300, the TRAP/Mediator complex that interacts with the general transcription machinery, and the highly regulated PGC-1α. We show that PGC-1α directly interacts with TRAP/Mediator, through the PPARγ-interacting subunit TRAP220, and stimulates TRAP/Mediator-dependent function on DNA templates. Further, while ineffective by itself, PGC-1α stimulates p300-dependent histone acetylation and transcription on chromatin templates in response to PPARγ. These functions are mediated by largely independent PPARγ, p300, and TRAP220 interaction domains in PGC-1α, whereas p300 and TRAP220 show ligand-dependent interactions with a common region of PPARγ. Apart from showing PGC-1α functions both in chromatin remodeling and in preinitiation complex formation or function (transcription), these results suggest a key role for PGC-1α, through concerted but dynamic interactions, in coordinating these steps.
Language development in preschoolers with cleft

Sixty‐five children with cleft lip and/or palate, ages 4, 5, and 6, were examined on several measures of language and memory development. No consistent sex or cleft‐type differences were noted; thus the group was compared, as a whole, to normative standards. The cleft group showed average abilities on measures of vocabulary definition, verbal analogies, and auditory memory span. However, the group showed significant delays on picture categorization and visual and intersensory memory measures. These measures appear to require verbal mediation. Therefore, children with clefts appear to have a delay in a specific type of language development, rather than generalized language delays.
A comparison of software cost, duration, and quality for waterfall vs. iterative and incremental development: A systematic review

The objective of this study is to present a body of evidence that will assist software project managers to make informed choices about software development approaches for their projects. In particular, two broadly defined competing approaches, the traditional “waterfall” approach and iterative and incremental development (IID), are compared with regards to development cost and duration, and resulting product quality. The method used for this comparison is a systematic literature review. The small set of studies we located did not demonstrate any identifiable cost, duration, or quality trends, although there was some evidence suggesting the superiority of IID (in particular XP). The results of this review indicate that further empirical studies, both quantitative and qualitative, on this topic need to be undertaken. In order to effectively compare study results, the research community needs to reach a consensus on a set of comparable parameters that best assess cost, duration, and quality.
Completions of Linearly Topologized Vectorspaces

> 1. In Section III we introduce some particular linear topologies on vectorspaces called functorial topologies. They are first defined as a process which puts a linear topology on every kmvectorspace in such a way that every linear transformation is continuous. These topologies fall into three distinct classes: either (1) every vectorspace is discrete, or (2) every vectorspace is indiscrete, or (3) there exists an infinite cardinal K such that in a vectorspace V a subspace is open if and only if it has codimension <K. In Section IV we determine the completions of vectorspaces with functorial topologies. For the topology of finite codimension the completions are linearly compact spaces, and these are well understood. In all other cases the spaces turn out to be complete provided they have non-measurable dimension. It follows that for any functorial topology an exact sequence of vectorspaces O-+ V, -+ V,+ V3+ 0 implies an exact sequence of completions 0 +
Just-in-time information retrieval agents

A just-in-time information retrieval agent (JITIR agent) is software that proactively retrieves and presents information based on a person's local context in an easily accessible yet nonintrusive manner. This paper describes three implemented JITIR agents: the Remembrance Agent, Margin Notes, and Jimminy. Theory and design lessons learned from these implementations are presented, drawing from behavioral psychology, information retrieval, and interface design. They are followed by evaluations and experimental results. The key lesson is that users of JITIR agents are not merely more efficient at retrieving information, but actually retrieve and use more information than they would with traditional search engines.
Evaluation of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Effects of Two Doses of Rapacuronium (ORG 9487) versus Mivacurium and Succinylcholine

Background: This study compares the neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects of rapacuronium (ORG 9487), a new aminosteroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, to recommended intubating doses of succinylcholine and mivacurium. Methods: Adult patients were randomized in an open-label fashion to receive 1-5 μg/kg fentanyl before 1.5 mg/kg propofol induction followed by 1.5 or 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine, or 0.25 mg/kg mivacurium (i.e., 0.15 mg/kg followed by 0.1 mg/kg 30 s later). Results: Patient neuromuscular blockade status was monitored by measuring the train-of-four response to a supramaximal stimulus at the ulnar nerve every 12 s. Percentage of the first twitch of the train-of-four (T 1 ) at 60 s was similar in patients receiving 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, and succinylcholine and was significantly less than in patients in the mivacurium group (26, 16, and 18%, respectively, vs. 48%; P < 0.01). Times to 80% T 1 depression were also similar among patients in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, 2.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, and succinylcholine groups and significantly longer in the mivacurium group (62, 54, and 54 s, respectively, vs. 112 s; P < 0.01). Clinical duration was longer in all groups compared with the succinylcholine group; however, clinical duration in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium group was shorter compared with the mivacurium group (15 vs. 21 min, respectively; P < 0.01). Heart rate changes were mild in the 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium, succinylcholine, and mivacurium groups. The patients in the 2.5mg/kg rapacuronium group had significantly higher heart rates compared with patients in the mivacurium group. No differences were found in blood pressure changes among patients in the four groups. Conclusions: Rapacuronium, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg, produced neuromuscular blockade as rapidly as succinylcholine and significantly faster than mivacurium. Although succinylcholine continued to show the shortest duration, 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium used a rapid onset and a relatively short duration and may be considered an alternative to succinylcholine.
Stress in families of children with neuromuscular disease

Compared parents of children with neuromuscular disease to parents of children with psychiatric diagnoses using the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. The groups showed different patterns of stress, with three of the subscales correctly classifying 93% of the cases in a discriminant function analysis. Parents of neuromuscular cases were more pessimistic, while those of psychiatric cases reported more problems in family integration and in the child's personality. For the neuromuscular group alone, parents whose children were in wheelchairs scored significantly higher than those whose children were ambulatory on six QRS scales: Excess Time Demands, Overcommitment/Martyrdom, Limits on Family Opportunity, Physical Incapacitation for Index Case, Lack of Activities for Index Case, Occupation Limitations. Hence, not only does the type of personal and family stress differ for the Neuromuscular and Child Psychiatry respondents, but within the neuromuscular sample the increase in stress as the disease progresses is related to higher scores on QRS scales.
Absence of Microorganisms in Crustacean Digestive Tracts

Two marine and one terrestrial wood-boring isopod species and one wood-inhabiting amphipod species maintain a digestive tract free of microorganisms. Digestive tracts examined in toto with the scanning electron microscope were devoid of microorganisms. In contrast, the outer exoskeleton surfaces of these crustaceans support a dense bacterialflora. Observations of the hindgut of termites revealed a diverse gut microflora as expected.
OPEC's production under fluctuating oil prices: further test of the target revenue theory

Abstract Oil production cutbacks in recent years by OPEC members to stabilize price and to increase revenues warrant further empirical verification of the target revenue theory (TRT). We estimate a modified version of Griffin (1985) target revenue model using data from 1973 to 2000. The sample period, unlike previous investigations, includes phases of both price increase (1970s) and price decrease (1980s–1990s), thus providing a better framework for examining production behavior. The results, like the earlier study, are not supportive of the strict version of the TRT, however, evidence (negative and significant elasticity of supply) of the partial version are substantiated. Further empirical estimates do not support the competitive pricing model, hypothesizing a positive elasticity of supply. OPEC's loss of market share and the drop in the share of oil-based energy should signal an adjustment in pricing and production strategies.
Saturation Nucleate Boiling and Correlations for PF-5060 Dielectric Liquid on Inclined Rough Copper Surfaces

Saturation pool boiling experiments of degassed PF-5060 dielectric liquid investigated nucleate boiling on 13 Cu surfaces with average roughness, Ra, of 0.039 (smooth polished) to 1.79 μm at six inclination angles, θ, from 0 deg (upward facing) to 180 deg (downward facing). Values of the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, hNB, in the upward facing orientation increase with increasing surface roughness and are correlated in terms of the applied heat flux, q: hNB = A qB. The exponent “B” decreases from 0.81 to 0.69 as Ra increases from 0.039 to 1.79 μm, while the coefficient “A” increases with Ra to the power 0.24. The values of the maximum heat transfer coefficient, hMNB, which occurs near the end of the fully developed nucleate boiling region, increase with increasing Ra and decreasing inclination angle. In the upward facing orientation, hNB increases by ∼58% with increasing Ra from 0.134 to 1.79 μm, while hMNB increases by more than 150% compared with that on smooth-polished Cu. Values of hMNB in the downward facing orientation are ∼40% of those in the upward facing orientation.
Microporous membrane formation via thermally-induced phase separation. VII. Effect of dilution, cooling rate, and nucleating agent addition on morphology

Abstract Microporous polypropylene films were produced from nucleated and non-nucleated melt-blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and dotriacontane (C32H66) using non-isothermal thermally-induced phase separation. Adipic acid was used as the nucleating agent. The morphology of these microporous iPP films as determined by thermal optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is reported. The effect on film structure of diluent crystallization is also shown.
Daniel W. Repperger, Jr. [Obituary]

A brief biography of Daniel W. Repperger, Jr. is given highlighting his professional achievements. He significantly advanced the state of the art in the analysis and modeling of human performance in complex flight motion environments, and he led the development of active control stick technology that employs force feedback to mitigate biodynamic forces, G-effects, spasticity, and tremor. Dan applied his considerable expertise to the control of teleoperated systems, pneumatic muscle technology, and strengthenhancing exoskeletons. Throughout his career he extended key theoretical concepts.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSES FROM LATERAL-LINE NERVES OF FISHES. III

Evidence indicates that lateral-line fibers, other than those mediating the "spontaneous" activity of the lateral-line receptors, are brought into play in response to pressure stimuli in catfish and in trout. The distribution and mode of stimulation of mechanoreceptors along the lateral-lines of trout and catfish are discussed in relation to the natural activities of these forms.
Role of ATP sensitive potassium channels in long term adaptation to metabolic stress

Cardiac KATP channel activation during metabolic inhibition has been implicated in effects ranging from malignant arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death to reduction in infarct size, preconditioning, and a more rapid recovery of contractile ability. Given these disparate consequences, and the repeated observation that KATP currents are altered under a wide variety of metabolically stressful conditions, it becomes increasingly more critical to determine whether the changes described are part of the underlying pathology, or whether they reflect an endogenous adaptation to protect cardiac function. We support the view that enhanced KATP channels are intrinsically altered during long term metabolic inhibition, at least in part through a reduction in channel sensitivity to ATP, and that the change manifests itself in most cases as an adaptive mechanism. Increased channel activity in a chronically ischaemic environment could serve to maintain resting potential, limit calcium influx, conserve [ATP]i, and prevent excessive prolongation of action potential duration.
Perspectives on environment and career: An introduction

Careers manifest themselves in people's behaviour, and behaviour-as Kurt Lewin once reminded us-is a function of the person and his or her environment (Lewin, 1951). By this logic, all career research should consider environmental influences. And, we should expect to find some balance between research focusing on people and research focusing on environments. Further, we might expect that the cumulative knowledge about careers would integrate findings about both individual and environmental variables. Yet relatively little of the above has taken place. Instead there has been a heavy emphasis on the 'person' side of Lewin's equation. We respect such activity; however, careers do not occur in a vacuum. We believe this past emphasis must be complemented with an understanding of the environments in which careers are experienced before the real meaning and usefulness of such work is known. The purpose of this special issue is, therefore, to turn our attention to the relationship between careers and the environments that surround them.
An overview of the advanced photon source

The need for dedicated synchrotron radiation facilities based on insertion devices and a low emittance storage-ring has been recognized for many years. A facility optimized to produce x-rays from 1 to 100 keV is expected to dramatically enhance research capabilities in the areas of condense matter physics, material sciences, chemical sciences, and biological sciences, in addition to contributing in a major way to the industrial research. This goal will be accomplished by the construction of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility consisting of a 7-GeV positron storage-ring with 100 mA current and 35 straight-sections to accommodate insertion devices. The ring energy has been chosen so that a single undulator will provide radiation from 4 to 40 keV (using the first and the third harmonics) with 0.2% bandwidth. The low emittance of 7 x 10/sup -9/ rad . m will provide hard-x-ray undulator radiation with very high brilliance (approx.10/sup 18/ to 10/sup 19/ photons/(s mm/sup 2/ mrad/sup 2/). (Construction is expected to begin in 1989 at Argonne National Laboratory.) This overview will mainly address the facility from the users' point-of-view.
Alterations in Glucose Metabolism During Menstrual Cycle in Women With IDDM

Objective — To examine the hormonal mechanisms underlying the variability in glycemic control during the different phases of the menstrual cycle in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Research Design And Methods — Hyperglycemic (11.7 ± 0.1 mM), hyperinsulinemic (24 ± 3 mU/L) clamp studies were performed in 16 women with IDDM during the follicular (day 8 ± 1) and luteal (day 23 ± 1) phases of the menstrual cycle. Seven of the patients (group 1) experienced worsening glucose control during the luteal phase, whereas nine patients (group 2) did not. Results — In group 1, glucose metabolism fell from 30.2 ± 3.8 μmol·kg −1 ·min −1 during the follicular phase to 24.5 ± 2.0 μmol·kg −1 ·min −1 during the luteal phase ( P = 0.09), whereas in group 2 it increased from 18.5 ± 1.2 to 23.2 ± 2.3 μmol·kg −1 ·min −1 ( P = 0.03). The decrease in glucose metabolism during the luteal phase in patients in group 1 was associated with a significant rise in the serum estradiol levels from the follicular to luteal phase (164 ± 39 vs. 352 ± 59 pM, P = 0.006), whereas this rise was not observed in group 2 (334 ± 156 vs. 423 ± 74 pM, NS). Changes in other reproductive hormones (progesterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone, or prolactin) were not related to the differences in glucose uptake in the two groups. Conclusions — 1) Marked heterogeneity in glucose metabolism is seen throughout the menstrual cycle in women with IDDM, 2) a subgroup of patients exhibits worsening premenstrual hyperglycemia and a decline in insulin sensitivity during the luteal phase, and 3) the deterioration in glucose uptake in this subgroup was associated with a greater increment in estradiol levels from the follicular to the luteal phase.
The effect of monitoring well storage on the shape of breakthrough curves — A theoretical study

Abstract The water stored in the screened interval of monitoring wells can have a significant effect on concentration breakthrough curves. An analytical solution that accounts for this stored water is derived assuming there is complete mixing within the screened interval of the monitoring well. A study of theoretical breakthrough curves based on this equation demonstrates that estimates of the time of arrival, as judged by the center of mass of the breakthrough curve, and the variance and skewness of the concentration distribution in time can be in error compared to those for the tracer concentration in the porous medium. Errors in the calculated time of arrival can be as great as 200%. Errors in the calculation of the variance and skewness can reach factors of 100 or greater. These errors will increase with decreasing distance from the source, porosity of the medium, cross-sectional area to volume ratio of the screened interval of the monitoring well, variance of the concentration input into the screen, and degree to which flow lines are distorted by the presence of the monitoring well and its associated sand pack. If the porosity of the formation, the borehole factor, and the dimensions of the monitoring well are known, the concentration breakthrough for the porous medium can be calculated from the concentration breakthrough curve for the monitoring well. These calculations will improve interpretation of tracer test data by eliminating effects that are the result of the presence of the borehole.
A sensor-based accelerated approach for multi-attribute machinability and tool life evaluation

SUMMARY This paper presents an accelerated approach and an automated system for short-term machinability evaluation of metal materials. The proposed approach is developed for ranking materials in terms of machinability. It considers both objective factors, such as machine variables and process outputs, and subjective factors, such as the decision maker's preferences regarding different criteria (objectives, e.g. operation cost, production rate, and product quality). A set of analytical and empirical formulas relevant to different aspects of machinability are identified. A definition of machinability as a function of process outputs is proposed. A method for assessing the weights of importance of different criteria is proposed. Based on the approach, a computer software package called MACPRO for machinability assessment is developed. The computerized machinability evaluation system interfacing with sensors is configured to facilitate data sampling/processing and man/machine interactions. Results of experim...
Topological quenching of spin tunneling in Fe8-tacn molecules

Abstract A Berry phase in the path integral for spin gives rise to an interference effect in the tunneling of a biaxially symmetric spin Hamiltonian. As the magnetic field applied along a hard axis is varied, the tunnel splitting between the two lowest energy states oscillates, with field values where it is completely quenched. This Hamiltonian is realized in Fe8-tacn molecules, where these oscillations have just now been seen and provide, in fact, strong evidence for tunneling below 0.36 K in the first place.
Quantum confinement and anisotropy in thin-film molecular semiconductors

Unoccupied electronic states are probed in epitaxial films of metal phthalocyanines on Ag(111) using angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. Quantum confinement of an image state wave function results in band folding and the opening of a band gap. Angle-resolved photoemission intensity measurements resolve the probability density of the wave function, and are able to identify the symmetry of each band. These results are compared with predictions from a two-dimensional scattering model, and they point to the importance of the spatial extent and symmetry of functional groups in predicting and controlling electronic structure on surfaces and in molecular thin films.
Differential effects of capsaicin on rat visceral sensory neurons

Abstract Nodose neurons play an important role in the regulation of visceral function. Recent studies demonstrated that about 80% of these neurons contain messenger RNA for the capsaicin receptor, a heat-sensitive ion channel. Nodose neurons express voltage-sensitive sodium currents that can be differentiated based on their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. Considering the potential role of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents in somatosensory neurons, sodium channel expression and sodium currents were studied in nodose neurons. The results were correlated with the response to capsaicin. Nodose neurons contain messenger RNA for the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel PN3. Consistent with these findings, about half of the neurons predominantly expressed tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents. In 54% (47/87) of the cells, capsaicin triggered an increase in intracellular calcium. Similarly, in 42% (18/43) of the cells, capsaicin elicited an inward current. There was no relationship between cell size ( r =0.07) or sodium current properties ( r =0.14) and the response to capsaicin. Micromolar concentrations of capsaicin inhibited voltage-dependent sodium, calcium and potassium currents. This effect was use dependent and did not involve the capsaicin receptor. In conclusion, capsaicin changed the excitability of visceral sensory neurons by blocking voltage-dependent ion channels, an effect that may contribute to the analgesic properties of capsaicin.
Integrating ethics into the public administration curriculum: A three‐step process

This article provides a three-step process for analyzing public policy dilemmas with ethical implications. A framework is proposed that builds on existing ethics theories and attempts to provide a relevant, usable approach for decisionmaking. A review of current thought in ethics indicates a concern for two areas: (a) responsibilities to relevant constituencies; and (b) adherence to moral obligations. The framework presented herein directly addresses both of these areas of concern. The authors have found this approach to be useful for classroom applications. This process is simple to explain, understand, and apply to a range of administrative situations. Students find the framework a memorable tool, useful in structuring deliberations with ethical implications. Sample applications of the framework provide examples for educators interested in integrating ethics into their advanced undergraduate and graduate courses.
Alcohol Use among Drug Abusers: Treatment Outcomes in a Therapeutic Community

Male and female dropouts and graduates (N = 248) from a traditional drug-free therapeutic community were followed 2 years after treatment. A 4-hr face-to-face interview traced the social adjustment one year pre-, through all years posttreatment. Results showed that (a) success (no crime and no opioid and/or no use of nonopioid primary drug) was maintained through 2 years of follow-up by 34% of the dropouts and 68% of the graduates; (b) success rates were highest among opioid abusers and the lowest among primary alcohol abusers; (c) among the latter, however, abstinence rates were significantly increased and daily use of alcohol significantly decreased as did criminal involvement; (d) among the opioid abstinent group, alcohol use increased posttreatment but heavy drinking was not prominent indicating no significant shift in substance dependency. Overall, the therapeutic community appears most effective for opioid abusers but has a clear impact on a considerable number of those primarily involved with alcohol and other substance use.
Living with Path Dependence

When I assumed the editorship of Polity on July 1, 2005, I became the first person to hold the post who was not a member of the political science faculty at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The journal was widely known across the discipline, with a reputation for publishing certain kinds of work particularly political theory and scholarship in American politics with a historical focus that relied on qualitative research. Political science as a discipline had recently been roiled by the self-proclaimed Perestroika movement, which included among its demands a call for greater openness by leading journals to different scholarly approaches.1 I fully intended to embrace this call by considering not just the kind of scholarship Polity had been publishing before I became editor but also work that had not been represented in the journal's pages. I expected to produce soon a journal that let a hundred flowers bloom. It took little time to disabuse me of my optimism. Although I envisioned a journal that would set a new standard for the range and diversity of its articles, the political science discipline evidently saw things otherwise. In the years before I became editor, Polity had tipped heavily toward political theory, with two-thirds of the new submissions in that one field. The pattern continued in my first months as editor. It turned out that it is not enough for an editor to hang out a sign that says, "Under New Management." I tried to spread the word through announcements on various list-serves maintained by the different American Political Science Association (APSA) organized sections and by appearing on journal editor panels at political science conferences. Over time we began to receive a few more manuscripts in comparative politics and several quantitative submissions in American politics. But even today more than half of our submissions are in political theory and I can count on the fingers of one hand the number of pieces we have received this year in international relations. To my surprise, I find myself sympathizing with a former editor of the American Political Science Review (APSR) who, when besieged by critics dissatisfied with the narrow character of
Minocycline-induced discoloration of the permanent teeth

We report a patient in whom a blue-gray pigmentation of the teeth developed after the administration of minocycline therapy for acne and review other case reports of this unusual adverse reaction
Toxicity of diphenylhydantoin and its effect on wound healing in young guinea pigs

Abstract Diphenylhydantoin was administered orally to young guinea pigs for 99 days in an average daily dose by body weight approximately 10 times that recommended for human adults with convulsive disorders. Control guinea pigs on an identical diet without diphenylhydantoin were pair-fed with the above to counteract the effect of the drug on appetite. Standardized dermal wounds were inflicted, and porous polyvinyl sponges were implanted subcutaneously to study wound healing in the two groups. There was no difference in healing rate as judged by our testing procedure, which evaluates each animal's local reaction to wounding by physical, histopathologic, and biochemical methods. Complete necropsies including microscopic examination showed no consistent lymph node changes that could be attributed to diphenylhydantoin. Because of previous reports in man of lymphadenopathy, pseudolymphoma, and true lymphoma, special attention was paid to lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and liver. In approximately one-third of the treated group amorphous splenic deposits were found with a positive staining reaction for amyloid.
Comparison of laparoscopic appearance of appendix and resulting pathology

Abstract Objective: To report histologic discrepancies of obviously abnormal-appearing appendixes in a series of patients who had laparoscopic appendectomy. Representative samples of color pictures and histology will be presented. Method: A retrospective chart review of 65 patients who underwent appendectomy at the time of laparoscopy for treatment of associated pelvic pathology in a tertiary private care center in Atlanta, Georgia and Palo Alto, California between March 1994 and August 1999. The color photographs, operative descriptions, and histologic findings of the appendixes were compared. Results: Sixty-five patients, ages 18–67 years (mean 35.8) were identified. Pelvic pain, associated with known endometriosis (62%) and adhesions (23%), was the main indication for surgery in the majority of cases (91%). Thirty-two percent of the cases had other indications as well. Visual examinations and operative descriptions revealed abnormal appendixes in all suspected cases. Histology was positive in only 40 patients, however, and failed to identify the obvious gross pathology in 32 patients, missing mainly fibrosis and adhesions. There were no major intraoperative or postoperative complications. Two patients had suture granulomas, 1 patient, diagnosed with ovarian cancer, had mild pleural effusion which resolved without problem, and 7 patients reported symptoms of urinary tract infections. The pain was completely relieved in 35 women, decreased in 15, and persisted in 7. No follow-up information was available for 8 patients. Conclusions: Histologic examination of the appendix does not always detect the disease state identified during laparoscopy. Incorporating color photographs in the operative report seems to provide good documentation for future retrospective review. Also, it appears to be safe to perform an appendectomy when there is suspicion for involvement of the appendix.
The effects of chin cup therapy on the mandible: A longitudinal study

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chin cup therapy on the mandible and its dentition in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The patients selected for this study were Japanese females treated with the extraoral chin cup appliance. Both the control and treatment samples were obtained from Japanese Universities where the longitudinal data were gathered. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken on the average of every 6 months for the treatment group and every year for the control group. Ten treated patients and seven control patients were studied. The duration of chin cup therapy was variable but averaged 3 years 1 month. The cephalograms were digitized on an electronic screen, and a cephalometric analysis was recorded from a computer program. The rate change values were then compared with those of the control group to yield a comparison of changes in mandibular growth rate, direction, and pattern in the treatment group. Active and posttreatment effects were evaluated. All measurements for the rate of change of absolute mandibular length were reduced by 60% to 68% from the control rate of growth during therapy. The mandible exhibited less downward displacement relative to cranial base during treatment. The mandibular plane angle and the gonial angle closed with growth in the Class III control sample but were variable in the treatment group. The skeletal profile was improved with treatment. This study indicates that the chin cup may be a viable mode of treatment for the preadolescent and adolescent mandibular prognathism patients.
Construction and analysis of a two-chromosome double reciprocal translocation that functions as a ‘balancer’ inNeurospora crassa

T(IIL; VL;IIR; VR) BLNC-1 is a compound chromosome rearrangement inNeurospora crassa that combines two reciprocal translocations:T(IIL; VL) AR30 which interchanges the left end of linkage group II with the left end of linkage group V, andT(IIR;VR) ALS154 which interchanges the right end of linkage group II with the right end of linkage group V.BLNC-1 acts as a crossover suppressor for most of both linkage groups II and V since single crossovers between the rearrangement breakpoints result in progeny with lethal unbalanced duplications and deficiencies. The integrity ofBLNC-1 following meiosis was tested in crosses of markedBLNC-1 by marked Normal sequence, with markers located at critical points on linkage groups II and V. Although recombination between distal markers in the four arms was reduced markedly, double crossovers in the long intervening regions occurred with a frequency of 21%. Of these double crossovers, most were coincidental crossovers, one in each of the long intervening regions, resulting in the resolution of the complex into its component rearrangements (16%), while a minority of the double crossovers (5%) were crossovers involving only one of the two component linkage groups, and resulted in the insertion of a segment between the breakpoints. - TheBLNC-1 balancer can be used for: (1) mapping new loci to linkage groups II and V, especially for identifying markers mapping near the tips of the linkage groups; (2) for isolating genetically intact chromosomes from natural populations or for quantitative genetic studies; and (3) for studying recombinational hot-spots which can be detected as escapes from crossover suppression. -Based on experience withBLNC-1, future two-chromosome balancers should be designed with two breakpoints near, but not at, the opposite ends of the chromosome to be balanced, and the other two breakpoints close to, but spanning, the centromere of a second chromosome. Such a construction when combined with appropriately placed selective markers should prevent breakdown of the complex, and should resemble an inversion in eliminating crossover products.
A case report of malignant pleural mesothelioma with long-term disease control after chemotherapy.

Long duration of responses to chemotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is rare. The authoers report a patients with inoperable MPM who achieved complete remission with combination chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. 5-Fluorouracil and mitomycin C (FM) induced another remission after recurrence of the tumor. Retreatment with FM after chemotherapy had been stopped for 20 months yielded another continuing response. The overall tumor-control time is more than 4 years. Literature reviews and the authors' results suggest that MPM may be a chemosensitive tumor in some patients. Additional evaluations of CAP, FM, and methotrexate combination regimens in this disease should be considered.
Core needle biopsy for diagnosis of extremity soft tissue sarcoma

Background: Classic teaching has advocated the use of open biopsy to diagnose and grade extremity soft-tissue sarcoma. Reported advantages of core needle biopsy include the minimal morbidity, cost, and time. The perceived disadvantage has been diagnostic inaccuracy. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of core needle biopsy to incisional or frozen section biopsy for primary extremity masses suspicious for soft-tissue sarcoma.
Private Psychiatric Hospitalization of Children: Predictors of Length of Stay

Abstract Objective To quantitatively identify predictors and determinants of length of psychiatric hospital stay for children. Method Forty-seven demographic, psychosocial stressor, psychopathology, and disposition variables were statistically reviewed as correlates of length of stay in 100 consecutive discharges from a child psychiatry inpatient service (age range 4–12) in a private hospital. Those with strong statistical significance were then analyzed by multiple regression. Results Greater severity of psychopathology (measured by the Children's Global Assessment Scale), greater severity of psychosocial stressors (by Axis IV scale), diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, special educational and out-of-home dispositions, and severe tantrums in hospital all strongly predicted longer hospital stay. Diagnosis of adjustment disorder predicted shorter stay. Together these variables explained 57% of the total variance in length of stay. Conclusions The most powerful of these predictor variables could potentially be measured at the time of admission, thus permitting accurate prediction of length of stay. A set of models was generated for this purpose.
The Infrared Spectra of Some New Derivatives of S-Triazine

The infrared spectra of a number of new ethers, amino derivatives, and sulfur-containing s-triazines have been obtained in the region between 3333 and 670 cm−1. An interpretation of the spectra is given and some new assignments are made. In addition the existance of certain hydroxy and thiol derivatives in the keto and thioketo configuration is shown.
Improved results treating primary lung allograft failure using veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Background: Historically, primary graft failure (PGF) was associated with disappointing outcomes and remains a significant cause of mortality after lung transplantation. ECMO provides treatment for severely affected recipients. We hypothesized that veno-venous (VV) ECMO may provide a safer alternative than traditional veno-arterial (VA) support for lung recipients suffering PGF. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 512 patients who underwent lung transplantation from April 1992 to July 2004. Twenty-three (4.5%) patients required ECMO secondary to PGF unresponsive to conventional treatment. Fifteen (65%) were treated with VA ECMO, while 8 (35%) underwent VV ECMO. Results: Although the mean days to ECMO initiation differed between VA (0.67) and VV (1.25) groups, this did not reach statistical significance (p 0.28). Likewise, duration of ECMO was similar (VA 4.9 and VV 4.5 days, p 1.0). 8 of 15 patients (53%) from the VA group were weaned from ECMO, with only 1 surviving greater than 45 days. This lone long-term survivor required retransplantation post-op day 2 in order to wean from ECMO. In contrast, all 8 VV ECMO patients were weaned from ECMO, with 7 of 8 surviving to hospital discharge. One-year survival for VV ECMO recipients was 75%, with one late death secondary to B. cenocepacia sepsis. In fact, 30-day survival for VV ECMO recipients (88%) approximates that of all lung recipients at our center (95%, p 0.42). Noted complications for ECMO patients included renal failure (ARF) (n 16), neurologic catastrophes (n 6), sepsis (n 4), and cannulation site injury (n 1). The VA ECMO recipients suffered 22 of the 27 total complications compared to only 5 for the VV group. Furthermore, all but one complication for VV ECMO recipients involved ARF, but by the time of discharge these patients demonstrated a mean creatinine of 0.9. Conclusions: The simple method of VV ECMO provides substantially better outcomes, with fewer complications, than those experienced with previously utilized VA ECMO support.
Gender Differences in Aggression: The Role of Status and Personality in Competitive Interactions

Southwest US undergraduates (78 female, 72 male) were tested in a laboratory aggressive behavior paradigm involving noise blasts participants could use against another (bogus) same-sex competitor in a point-earning task. Status of the competitor (low vs. high) and expectation to meet the competitor (meet vs. no meet) were experimentally manipulated. A significant gender × aggression proneness × status interaction indicated that aggression-prone men were more likely to aggress against a high status competitor, while aggression-prone women were more likely to aggress against a low status competitor. Interactions of narcissism and sensation seeking with gender and anticipated meeting indicated that men but not women high in these personality traits were more likely to aggress, but only towards competitors they anticipated meeting.
Worst-case execution time analysis for parallel run-time monitoring

The increasing safety-critical role of real-time systems requires increased attention to their security and reliability. Several recent studies have shown that parallel run-time monitoring of programs can significantly improve the security and reliability of computing systems. However, these techniques cannot be applied to real-time systems without first estimating their impact on worst-case execution time (WCET). In this paper, we present a method for determining the impact of parallel monitoring on WCET using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. We use our method to estimate the WCET for seven benchmark programs and two possible monitoring techniques. This estimate is compared against observed execution times from simulation and an upper bound based on sequential monitoring. The results show that our method estimates a WCET within 71% of worst-case observed execution times and up to 74% lower than the sequential bound.
INVITED REVIEW HYDRODYNAMIC AND MIXING MODELS FOR BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS

Abstract The knowledge of the flow patterns of each phase of bubble column reactors is of considerable importance for the rational design and scale-up. The hydrodynamic models for the liquid phase have been reviewed. The models have been based on some form of pressure balance or energy balance. These two approaches have been compared and recommendations have been made regarding the range of applicability of the individual models. A comparison between the predicted and the experimental liquid velocities has been presented whenever possible. The range of variables has been pointed out for which further investigations are needed. The empirical and theoretical models for the mixing behavior of the different phases of bubble column reactors have also been reviewed.
Optical fiber sensor based on a radio frequency Mach–Zehnder interferometer

This Letter proposes an optical fiber radio frequency (RF) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for sensing applications. An RF modulated laser source is injected into an optical fiber RF-MZI and collected by a photodiode. The interference pattern is observed in the RF domain by sweeping the frequency using a network analyzer. The proposed sensor has a linear response to applied temperature change. In addition, the sensitivity, observation frequency range, and the length of the sensing arm are discussed.
Vertical electron density profiles from the Digisonde network

Abstract The global Digisonde network provides a vast volume of ionogram-derived electron density profile data from some 50 stations. The current true height inversion program NHPC differs significantly from the original algorithms developed for real time calculation on PC 286 machines. NHPC successfully inverts about 90% of the autoscaled ionograms. A stand-alone version of NHPC can invert h′(f) traces from any digital or analog ionogram. For each layer, the N(h) profile is expressed in terms of shifted Chebyshev polynomials with a logarithmic argument containing the starting plasma frequency and the critical frequency of the layer. The peak height and a set of coefficients specify the electron density distribution of each layer. A valley model derived from incoherent scatter observations at Arecibo describes the E-F trasition. The frequent problem of missing h′(f) data points at the beginning of a trace is addressed by analytical expansion in the true height (profile) domain rather than by direct extrapolation of the h′(f) trace. The validity of the Digisonde NHPC profiles has been verified by comparison with incoherent scatter radar profiles.
3D wavelet image processing for spatial and spectral resolution of Landsat images

The purpose of this investigation is to apply 3D wavelet denoising to resolve spatial, as well as spectral, data in Landsat images. The use of multiple thresholds will be extended to achieve image classification. Wavelet denoising has been shown to be effective for noise reduction in 1D signals and 2D images. 3D wavelet transforms have the potential for multi-resolution surface reconstruction from volume data. 3D wavelet denoising will be applied to spatial potential for multi-resolution surface reconstruction form volume data. 3D wavelet denoising will be applied to spatial and spectral data. Landsat images were produced from a multispectral scanner on Landsat satellites. Wavelet have been used to achieve some level of image classification. Finer classification can be achieved in agricultural areas because of temporal difference between crops and because of spectral difference sin transmission spectra. Varying threshold should achieve image classification based on spectral difference between crops. 3D wavelet data processing is expected to offer greater potential for improving resolution of volume data. Use of multi threshold for spectral resolution might be usefully applied to images generated by nonvisible wavelengths: radar, IR and laser radar.
Contrasting Local versus Regional Effects of Land-Use-Change-Induced Heterogeneity on Historical Climate: Analysis with the GFDL Earth System Model

AbstractThe effects of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) on surface climate using two ensembles of numerical experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) comprehensive Earth System Model ESM2Mb are investigated in this study. The experiments simulate historical climate with two different assumptions about LULCC: 1) no land-use change with potential vegetation (PV) and 2) with the CMIP5 historical reconstruction of LULCC (LU). Two different approaches were used in the analysis: 1) the authors compare differences in LU and PV climates to evaluate the regional and global effects of LULCC and 2) the authors characterize subgrid climate differences among different land-use tiles within each grid cell in the LU experiment. Using the first method, the authors estimate the magnitude of LULCC effect to be similar to some previous studies. Using the second method, the authors found a pronounced subgrid signal of LULCC in near-surface temperature over majority of areas affected by LULCC. Th...