Biopharmaceuticals in Plants : Toward the Next Century of Medicine

History of Plants in Production of Biopharmaceuticals History of Vaccine Development History of Vaccine Proteins Produced in Plants Transformation of Plant Tissue Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Plant Transformation Other Transformation Techniques Problems Associated with Transformation Techniques Transformation of Cereals Hairy Root Transformation Selectable Marker Genes Regulation of Transgene Expression Transgenic Plants Expressing Vaccine and Therapeutic Proteins Transgenic Plants Expressing Vaccines against Diarrheal Diseases Animal Vaccines Produced in Plants The Use of Antibodies in Plants as Immunotherapeutic Agents Other Biopharmaceuticals and Therapeutic Agents Produced in Plants Enhancement of Plants for Nutritional or Medicinal Purposes (Nutriceuticals) Chloroplast Engineering and Production of Biopharmaceuticals Differences between Nuclear and Plastid Transformations Plastid Transformation History of Plastid Transformation and Biotechnological Applications Vaccines and Therapeutic Proteins Produced in Chloroplasts Plant Viral Expression Vectors and Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Plants Plant RNA and DNA Virus Expression Systems Glycosylation of Therapeutic Proteins in Plants N-Glycosylation Differences in N-Glycosylation Patterns between Plants and Mammals Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals and Plant Allergens Strategies to Humanize Recombinant Proteins in Plants O-Glycosylation Sialic Acid in Plants Glycosylation of Immunoglobulins Produced in Plants Other Therapeutic Proteins Scale-Up of Plant-Derived Biopharmaceuticals: Prospects for Commercial Production and for Global Health Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals on the Market Scale-Up and Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Plants Application of Virus Expression Vectors for Large-Scale Field Trials Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Plant Suspension Cells Comparison of Cell Culture over Whole Plants for Biopharmaceutical Production Other Expression Systems for Large-Scale Production of Biopharmaceuticals Downstream Processing of Plant-Derived Biopharmaceuticals Driving Forces behind Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals: The General Market Environment The Immune Response to Plant-Derived Pharmaceuticals The Immune System in General T Cells B Cells Antibodies and the Immune Response The Concept of Vaccination and Immune Imprinting Organization of the Mucosal Immune System Secretory IgA and the Mucosal Epithelium Mucosal Immune Response of the Respiratory Tract Oral Tolerance Preclinical and Clinical Trials Involving Plant-Derived Vaccines Diarrheal Diseases Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Rabies Virus Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Anthrax Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Measles Virus Influenza Virus Swine-Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Canine Parvovirus Oral Tolerance to Antigens Risk Analysis and Safety of Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals Risk Analysis and Plant-Based Biopharmaceuticals Regulation of Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals Quality Control and the Manufacturing of the Product Impact of Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals on Human Health Impact of Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals on the Environment Avoiding Transgene Silencing Epilogue: The Future The Current State of Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals Index