cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a software framework to support live/virtual training on distributed terrain

Abstract - In this paper we describe research and development on the concept and application of distributed terrain and distributed terrain servers to support live/virtual training operations. This includes design of a distributed, cluster-capable Combat Server for the virtual representation and simulation of live training exercises, and current work to support virtual representation and visualization of live indoor operations involving firefighters, SWAT teams and/or special operations forces. The Combat Server concept under development is for an object-oriented, efficient and flexible distributed platform designed for simulation and training. It can operate on any compatible, high performance computer for which the software is compliant; however, it is explicitly designed for distribution and cooperation of relatively inexpensive clustered computers, together playing the role of a large independent system. The design of the Combat Server aims to be generic and encompass any situation that involves monitoring, tracking, assessment, visualization and, eventually, simulated interactivity to compliment real-world training exercises. To accomplish such genericity, the design must incorporate techniques such as layering or abstraction to remove any dependencies on specific hardware, such as weapons, that are to eventually be employed by the system; this also includes entity tracking hardware interfaces, whether by GPS or Ultra-Wide Band technologies. The Combat Server is a framework. Its design is a foothold for building a specialized distributed system for modeling a particular style of exercise. The combat server can also be a software development framework, providing a platform for building specialized exercises while abstracting the developer from the minutia of building a real-time distributed system. In this paper we review preliminary experiments regarding basic line-of-sight (LOS) functions of the combat server functionality and scalability in a cluster computing environment. Our initial results show that computing LOS between entities on a distributed terrain scales well over a large number of processors.
Improvement of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction with oral propranolol in patients with coronary heart disease☆

The effect of propranolol on global cardiac function during exercise was analyzed with equilibrium fadionuclide angiography in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease. All patients had angina pectoris and S-T segment depression of more than 0.1 mv during treadmill exercise when not taking propranolol. Each patient was stressed with supine bicycle exercise to the same work load on a maintenance dose of propranolol (120 to 400 mg/day) and on a second occasion without the drug, the two tests being separated by an average of 16 days. The mean heart rate was reduced both at rest and during exercise after propranolol, but propranolol caused no significant reduction of the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest. In the study without administration of propranolol the average ejection fraction during exercise decreased from 0.56 ± 0.09 (standard deviation) to 0.50 ± 0.14. With propranolol, the ejection fraction was improved from the control value in every patient, the average value during peak exercise reaching 0.60 ± 0.15. Thus, the average ejection fraction increased by 22 percent (±12 percent) relative to the value during the same exercise without propranolol (P < 0.001). In 16 other patients with ischemic heart disease who did not take propranolol, reproducibility of the ejection fraction both at rest and at peak exercise on two occasions within 15 days was good (r = 0.95 and 0.97, respectively). It is concluded that oral propranolol therapy in patients with coronary artery disease can ameliorate left ventricular dysfunction induced by exercise and thereby may reduce myocardial ischemia.
Measurement of Structural Shrinkages of Freeze Dried Chipping Potatoes for Crack Modeling

A novel experimental approach to measure structural properties and shrinkage stresses of freeze dried chipping potatoes was designed and evaluated. A 3-point flexibility test was carried out as an indirect method due to the limitation of their material characteristics. The modulus of elasticity, the allowable stress, and the maximum shrinkage stress calculated were 2,291.09, 15.19, and 46.90 g/mm2, respectively. The shrinkage stresses gradually decreased from the center to the boundaries of the potato chip, which would cause a typical stress concentration at the center of potato chip during the dehydration process. In over 90% samples, micro cracks at the center of potato chip were observed and crack initiation could not be prohibited because the maximum shrinkage stress was 3 times greater than the theoretical allowable stress. The empirical results associated with material properties will be used as input data for a mathematical model to predict crack propagation.
Taxol-oligoarginine conjugates overcome drug resistance in-vitro in human ovarian carcinoma.

Objective Multidrug resistance is the major cause of failure of many chemotherapeutic agents. While resistance can arise from several factors, it is often dominated by drug efflux mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane-bound polysubstrate export pump expressed at high levels in resistant cells. While co-administration of pump inhibitors and a drug could suppress efflux, this two-drug strategy has not yet advanced to therapy. We recently demonstrated that the reversible attachment of a guanidinium-rich molecular transporter, polyarginine, to a drug provides a conjugate that overcomes efflux-based resistance in cells and animals. This study is to determine whether this strategy for overcoming resistance is effective against human disease.
α-Particle stopping power for titanium and vanadium☆

Abstract A method for accurate measurement of the specific energy loss dE dx of α-particles is described and results are given for titanium in the α-energy range 5.25–13 MeV and for vanadium in the range 5.25–12 MeV with uncertainties of about 3%. The results are in excellent agreement with the stopping power predictions of Ziegler and earlier precision measurements of the stopping power of protons and deuterons in Ti and V.
REDUCED UNLOADED SARCOMERE SHORTENING VELOCITY AND A SHIFT TO A SLOWER MYOSIN ISOFORM IN ACUTE MURINE COXSACKIEVIRUS MYOCARDITIS

We developed a mouse myocardial preparation to study cellular dysfunction in acute coxsackievirus myocarditis. Thin right ventricular papillary muscles from normal mice (n = 8) were compared with muscles from mice 7 days after coxsackievirus infection (n = 7). Sarcomere shortening was studied with laser diffraction (HeNe, lambda = 623.8 nm). A servomotor was used to shorten a muscle until slack early in isometric contraction. Unloaded sarcomere shortening velocity (Vo) was measured at the start of zero force at slack length. Vo was independent of the extent of slack release and was the same as that estimated with an isotonic force-sarcomere shortening velocity relation. Resting muscle stiffness was calculated from shortening perturbations in resting muscles. The histology of some papillary muscles (normal, n = 4; infected, n = 3) was studied. There was no ventricular hypertrophy. Resting sarcomere length (SL) in infected preparations (2.11 +/- 0.07 micron) (mean +/- 1 SD) was the same as in normal preparations (2.11 +/- 0.08 micron). In isometric twitches in normal and infected muscles, total peak force (4.31 +/- 1.07 and 3.77 +/- 1.86 g/mm2, respectively) resting force (0.81 +/- 0.37 and 0.81 +/- 0.35 g/mm2, respectively), and time to peak force (129.5 +/- 20.3 and 125.2 +/- 13.0 milliseconds, respectively) were not significantly different. Vo was 4.14 +/- 0.84 micron/s in normal muscles at an SL of 2.08 +/- 0.09 micron and 1.70 +/- 0.33 micron/s in infected muscles at an SL of 2.06 +/- 0.08 micron. Resting stiffness was the same for normal and infected muscles. There was inflammation but no fibrosis or necrosis. Thus, Vo was depressed early in acute viral myocarditis without hypertrophy, myocyte necrosis, fibrosis, or altered resting stiffness. Pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis showed a shift from predominantly fast to slow myosin isoforms. Apparently, there is remodeling of the contractile apparatus early in acute coxsackievirus myocarditis that is caused either by the direct effects of the virus or the immune response.
Quantifying the role of oxygen pressure in tissue function

it has been suggested that oxygen had reached significant levels in the earth's oceans as early as 2.5 billion years ago and has rapidly increased to near current levels about 50 million years later ([6][1]). The appearance of oxygen dramatically changed the chemical composition of the oceans and
Low energy tests of unification

Abstract We point out that there may be simple low energy tests of grand unification. In particular in the event that there turn out to be multiple light Z0 bosons the consequent deviations from standard model neutral current scattering predictions must satisfy certain very simple relations if the world has an SU(5) symmetry (or some larger symmetry). These relations are true even if the Z0 bosons mix in arbitrary complicated ways.
Performance of PLL Synchronized Optical PPM Communication Systems

Receiver timing synchronization of an optical PPM communication system can be achieved using a phase-locked loop (PLL) if the photodetector output is properly processed. The synchronization performance is shown to improve with increasing signal power and decreasing loop bandwidth. The bit error rate performance of the PLL synchronized PPM system is analyzed and compared to that of the perfectly synchronized system. It is shown that the increase in signal power needed to compensate for the imperfect synchronization is small (less than 0.1 dB) for loop bandwidths less than 0.1 percent of the slot frequency.
Glacial erosion and geomorphology in the northwest Sierra Nevada, CA

Pleistocene glacial erosion left a strong topographic imprint in the northwestern Sierra Nevada at many scales, yet the specific landforms and the processes that created them have not been previously documented in the region. In contrast, glaciation in the southern and central Sierra was extensively studied and by the end of the 19th century was among the best understood examples of alpine glaciation outside of the European Alps. This study describes glacially eroded features in the northwest Sierra and presents inferred linkages between erosional forms and Pleistocene glacial processes. Many relationships corroborate theoretical geomorphic principles. These include the occurrence of whalebacks in deep ice positions, roches moutonnees under thin ice, and occurrence of P-forms in low topographic positions where high subglacial meltwater pressures were likely. Some of the landforms described here have not previously been noted in the Sierra, including a large crag and tail eroded by shallow ice and erosional benches high on valley walls thought to be cut by ice-marginal channels.
A randomized trial of late reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction-6 Study Group.

BACKGROUND Experimental and observational clinical studies of acute coronary occlusion have suggested that late reperfusion prevents infarct expansion and facilitates myocardial healing. The purpose of this trial was to assess whether infarct vessel patency could be achieved in late-entry patients and what benefit, if any, can be demonstrated. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind fashion, 197 patients with 6 to 24 hours of symptoms and ECG ST elevation were randomly assigned to tissue-type plasminogen activator (100 mg over 2 hours) or placebo. Coronary angiography within 24 hours was used to determine infarct vessel patency status. Patients with infarct-related occluded arteries were then eligible for a second randomization to either angioplasty (34 patients) or no angioplasty (37 patients). Ventricular function and cavity size were reassessed at 1 month by gated blood pool scintigraphy and at 6 months by repeat cardiac catheterization. The primary end point, infarct vessel patency, was 65% for plasminogen activator patients compared with 27% in the placebo group (p less than 0.0001). There were no differences between these groups in ejection fraction or infarct zone regional wall motion at 1 or 6 months. At 6 months, infarct vessel patency was 59% in both groups. In the placebo group, there was a significant increase in end-diastolic volume from acute phase of 127 ml to 159 ml at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.006) but no increase in cavity size for the plasminogen activator group patients. Coronary angioplasty was associated with an initial 81% recanalization success and improved ventricular function at 1 month, but by late follow-up no advantage could be demonstrated for this procedure, and there was a 38% spontaneous recanalization rate in the patients assigned to no angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve infarct vessel recanalization in the majority of late-entry patients with either thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty. Thrombolytic intervention had a favorable effect on prevention of cavity dilatation and left ventricular remodeling, but there are no late benefits on systolic function after thrombolysis or coronary angioplasty. The conclusions concerning overall potential benefit of applying late reperfusion therapy will require data from large-scale trials designed to assess mortality reduction.
Variation in the Microsporum gypseum complex. II. A genetic study of spontaneous mutation in Nannizzia incurvata.

(1966). Variation in the Microsporum Gypseum Complex. II. A Genetic Study of Spontaneous Mutation in Nannizzia Incurvata. Mycologia: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 570-579.
Predicting creativity from early to late adulthood: Intellect, potential, and personality

Abstract In 1950 (at age 27) a sample of 80 male graduate students was assessed on potential, intelligence–intellect, personality and creativity, and then personality and career outcome data were collected again at age 72. Intelligence (primary mental abilities, spatial, and number), intellect, potential, and personality (e.g., self-confidence, tolerance, openness, psychological mindedness, and introversion) at age 27 were expected to covary with creativity at age 27 and predict lifetime creativity at age 72. Yet, due to the non-intellective nature of personality, we predicted that personality would explain unique variance in creativity over and above that already explained by intellect and potential. Results supported each of these expectations. For instance, observer-rated potential and intellect at age 27 predicted lifetime creativity at age 72, and yet personality variables (such as tolerance and psychological mindedness) explained up to 20% of the variance over and above potential and intellect. Rank-order consistency coefficients revealed consistency over 44 years in some traits (e.g., psychological mindedness) and inconsistency in other traits (e.g, dominance). If traits function to lower behavioral thresholds in given situations, then the traits of self-confidence, openness, tolerance, and psychological mindedness (among others) may serve as a relatively direct link to creative behavior.
Extinct I129 in C3 chondrites

Eight C3 chondrites were examined by the I-129 to Xe-129 dating method to determine whether their initial I-129/I-127 ratios, or R(0), correlate with any other properties. The R(0)'s range from 1.60 x 10 to the -4th to 1.09 x 10 to the -4th, corresponding to I to Xe ages from 2.0 Myr before to 6.7 Myr after the Murchison magnetite. Three C30's have essentially indistinguishable R(0)'s, while a fourth is undatable. Four C3V's show a distinct spread, ranging from 1.60 + or 0.07 x 10 to the -4th to 1.09 + or - 0.10 x 10 to the -4th. These R(0)'s correlate inversely with four other properties: I, Br, and Cd content, olivine composition, both percent mean deviation, and proportion of iron-poor olivine grains. The simplest model that accounts for the correlations with R(0) involves mixing of two iodine components in the solar nebula, associated with gas and grains, respectively. The second, of lower I-129/I-127 ratio, predominated at later times and thus became enriched in late-formed meteorites.
TU‐D‐M100F‐05: Pre‐Treatment Verification of Large‐Field IMRT Dose Painting Plans for Head and Neck Cancer Using a Commercial QA Device

Objective: To develop a practical procedure for routine pre‐treatment verification of large dose painting fields using a commercial IMRT QA device, MapCheck. Materials and Methods: Optimized dose painting intensity maps were applied to a 40×40×40 cm3 digital phantom. With a voxel size of 1 mm3, the dose distributions were re‐calculated for a coronal plane at a depth of 5 cm. The DMLC files were then transferred to a Varian Clinac for plan verification. We first delivered a beam with MapCheck at isocenter. The isocenter was then shifted superiorly and inferiorly by 4 cm, respectively. Two more exposures were made. The isocenter was shifted to the left and right by 4 cm, respectively. Two more exposures were made. To detect accurately the steep dose gradient regions, we doubled the effective detector surface density by shifting the isocenter by 5 mm along the X and Y axes. Two more exposures were made. Finally, we merged all these files to yield a desirable dose distribution. We used three different criteria for data analysis: percent difference, distance to agreement (DTA), and γ index. We set the percent difference threshold to 3% and the DTA to 3 mm. Results: Using these criteria, 99% ∼ 99.5% dose points passed the test for most of our IMRT dose painting plans. For a ten‐field plan, it took about 35 minutes to complete the data acquisition and post‐analysis. Conclusions: The proposed procedure not only improves the efficiency, but also enhances the accuracy of measured dose distribution in the steep dose gradient regions. MapCheck is a handy, fast, and practical tool for routine pretreatment verification of large‐field dose painting plans.
Genetic analysis of the spindle checkpoint genes san-1, mdf-2, bub-3 and the CENP-F homologues hcp-1 and hcp-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans

The spindle checkpoint delays the onset of anaphase until all sister chromatids are aligned properly at the metaphase plate. To investigate the role san-1, the MAD3 homologue, has in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos we used RNA interference (RNAi) to identify genes synthetic lethal with the viable san-1(ok1580) deletion mutant. The san-1(ok1580) animal has low penetrating phenotypes including an increased incidence of males, larvae arrest, slow growth, protruding vulva, and defects in vulva morphogenesis. We found that the viability of san-1(ok1580) embryos is significantly reduced when HCP-1 (CENP-F homologue), MDF-1 (MAD-1 homologue), MDF-2 (MAD-2 homologue) or BUB-3 (predicted BUB-3 homologue) are reduced by RNAi. Interestingly, the viability of san-1(ok1580) embryos is not significantly reduced when the paralog of HCP-1, HCP-2, is reduced. The phenotype of san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos includes embryonic and larval lethality, abnormal organ development, and an increase in abnormal chromosome segregation (aberrant mitotic nuclei, anaphase bridging). Several of the san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) animals displayed abnormal kinetochore (detected by MPM-2) and microtubule structure. The survival of mdf-2(RNAi);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos but not bub-3(RNAi);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos was also compromised. Finally, we found that san-1(ok1580) and bub-3(RNAi), but not hcp-1(RNAi) embryos, were sensitive to anoxia, suggesting that like SAN-1, BUB-3 has a functional role as a spindle checkpoint protein. Together, these data suggest that in the C. elegans embryo, HCP-1 interacts with a subset of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Furthermore, the fact that san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) animals had a severe viability defect whereas in the san-1(ok1580);hcp-2(RNAi) and san-1(ok1580);hcp-2(ok1757) animals the viability defect was not as severe suggesting that hcp-1 and hcp-2 are not completely redundant.
Quantum size effect on the magnetism of finite systems

The magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic transition metals, Fe, Co, and Ni confined to one-dimensional chains are found to fluctuate with increasing chain length before converging to the infinite limit. This quantum size effect is derived from a simple first-principles theory that we have developed to study the evolution of the electronic structure of system as a function of size and dimensionality. The quantitative accuracy of the predictions of this simple formulation is confirmed by carrying out ab initio self-consistent calculations using the molecular-orbital approach. The convergence of moments to the respective infinite limit is found to depend on the dimensionality of the system.
Solution of Some Integral Equations Arising in Integral Geometry

Abstract An analytical solution is given to some multidimensional integral equation arising in inverse problems. For example, we solve the following equation and similar equations.
Resolution of page kidney-related hypertension with medical therapy: A case report

A 24-year-old man developed systolic hypertension as a result of renal contusion, perinephric fluid collection, and renal compression (Page kidney) after blunt renal trauma. The patient was treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for 30 days, after which his blood pressure normalized and the medications were discontinued. Follow-up clinical and laboratory examinations at 3, 6, and 12 months showed normal results. Transient hypertension may develop in patients after blunt renal injury as a result of Page phenomenon. Appropriate medical therapy is warranted and may be successful because spontaneous resolution may be delayed or not occur at all.
Air-Sea Interaction Influences on the Structure and intensification of an Idealized Marine Cyclone

Abstract Three numerical simulations of cyclogenesis in a baroclinic channel model with realistic physical parameterizations are compared to examine the influence of surface heat and moisture fluxes on the structure and development mechanisms of an idealized midlatitude cyclone. Identical atmospheric initial conditions are used in the three numerical simulations, which differ only in their surface flux conditions. The impact of the surface heat and moisture fluxes on the thermal structure and vertical circulation in the model cyclone is examined by comparing the geopotential height, temperature, static stability, surface convergence and wind stress as well as the surface heat and moisture flux distributions in the three simulations. Boundary layer stratification effects on convergence are examined and the associated changes in the boundary layer-free atmosphere interaction are compared. Results indicate that the direct influence of the surface beat and moisture fluxes is limited to the boundary layer stru...
U.S. Mussel Watch: 1977–1978 results on trace metals and radionuclides

Abstract The results of the U.S. Mussel Watch Monitoring Program for the period 1976–1978 for trace metals and artificial radionuclides in bivalves are presented. The substances analysed included Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, 238 Pu, 239+240 Pu and 241 Am. The analyses of organic substances will be presented elsewhere. The concentrations of these substances in the bivalves may reflect upwelling processes, anthropogenic inputs or natural levels. Off the California coast, mussels show markedly elevated Pu and Cd concentrations in coastal areas adjacent to the most intensive upwelling zones. Elevated levels of Pb, for example, are found in organisms living adjacent to highly urbanized places. The general patterns of distribution repeat themselves year after year at a given site. Thus, it is concluded that annual monitoring activities may not be necessary and that a frequency of sampling of several or so years may be more appropriate to identify pollution problems. Finally, national or regional baselines for metal concentrations in bivalves from unpolluted waters are proposed. National baselines for Pb in the west coast mussels of 1·0 parts 10 −6 and for Ag in east coast mussels of 0·05 parts 10 −6 are suggested.
The diet of three species of umagillid neorhabdocoel turbellarians inhabiting the intestine of echinoids

Three species of umagillid turbellarians were found to have different nutritional relationships with their echinoid hosts: Syndisyrinx franciscanus ingests host intestinal tissue and ciliates that are symbiotic in the intestine of the host; Syndesmis dendrastrorum consumes intestinal tissue and materials that have been ingested by the host; an umagillid that closely resembles Syndesmis echinorum subsists entirely on host intestinal tissue.
Serotonergic excitatory drive to hypoglossal motoneurons in the decerebrate cat.

Abstract In decerebrate, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated cats, serotonin (5-HT) and its analogues, microinjected into the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus, altered the activity of the genioglossal branch of XII nerve. 5-HT, carboxamidotryptamine malcate (5-CT) and DOI (1–5 mM) increased the activity by over 200%. Methysergide reversed this increase. Methysergide, mianserin, or ketanserin (100–250 nl, 1 mM) reduced the spontaneous hypoglossal activity by 20–50%. Buspirone, 8-OH-DPAT and (−)-propranolol were without effect. Thus, 5-HT provides a substantial tonic excitatory drive to XII motoneurons. The 5-HT receptors involved are likely to be type 1C or 2, but uncertainty regarding the affinity profiles of the drugs used in in vivo conditions in the cat precludes a definite identification.
Molecular Markers of Cell Position in Avian Retina are Involved in Synapse Formation

Molecules that identify cell type and position in the nervous system were detected by monoclonal antibodies. One molecule, TOP, is distributed in a 35-fold topographic gradient from the dorsoposterior margin to the ventro-anterior margin of avian retina. The gradient is present in young embryos, increases with retinal growth, and persists in the adult. TOP molecules are present on most or all cells of retina. The number of TOP molecules detected per cell varies continuously along the axis of the antigen gradient. Thus, TOP can be used to identify position in the plane of retina along that axis. Other antigens that identify cell type and position across the thickness of retina also were detected. Molecules that mark such cellular organization may represent a neuronal recognition system. Antibodies were used to examine the role of markers of cell position in development of the nervous system. Antibody to TOP from hybridoma cells that were injected into in vivo embryo eyes diffused into the retina and bound in a topographic gradient of [Ab- TOP] complexes. Synapse formation in retina was inhibited in the presence of anti-TOP antibody. This suggests that TOP is involved in synapse formation and that recognition of position by neurons is necessary for normal synapse formation.
The microstructural study of aluminum nitride thin films: Epitaxy on the two orientations of sapphire and texturing on Si

The microstructural study of wide-band gap semiconductor AlN thin films grown on (0001) and (1012) sapphire and (111), (100) Si was carried out using plan-view and cross-sectional high-resolution electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The films were grown by MOCVD from TMAl + NH3 + N2 gas mixture. Epitaxial relationship for AIN grown on (0001)α 01-Al2O3 was determined to be the following: (0001)AIN ║ (0001)sap with the 30° in-plane rotation - [0110]AIN ║ [1210]sap. We report also TEM observation of the following epitaxial relationship of the AlN/(1012)α-Al2O3 heterostructure: (1120)AIN ║ (1012)sap; [0001]AIN ║ [1011]sap and [1100] AIN ║ [1210]sap. These epitaxial relationships were determined to be controlled by the bonding of Al and O ions at the interface. The study of interfaces and the defects present in the film was also carried out. Main type of defects were established to be inverted domain boundaries, misfit and threading dislocations - in the films on (0001) sapphire, and stacking faults of high density in the films on (1012) sapphire. The epitaxial AIN films on (0001) sapphire contained dislocation density about 1010 cm−2 and exhibited device quality electrical characteristics. The films on both orientations of Si were found to be highly textured polycrystalline.
NEW SPECIES OF SCHULZIA (NEMATODA: MOLINEIDAE) IN PTYCHOGLOSSUS FESTAE (SQUAMATA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) FROM PANAMA

Schulzia ptychoglossi n. sp. (Strongylida: Molineidae) from the intestines of Ptychoglossus festae (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) is described and illustrated. Schulzia ptychoglossi n. sp. represents the fourth species assigned to the genus and is most similar to the Venezuelan species S. usu by possessing a cervical inflation that begins a short distance from the anterior end of the body. Schulzia ptychoglossi differs from S. usu in that ray 8 separates midway between the root and tip of the dorsal ray in S. ptychoglossi,, but separates close to the root of the dorsal ray in S. usu.
Dominic I: Progress toward domain independence in design by iterative redesign

This paper describes the first working version of a program called Dominic that performs design by iterative redesign in a domain-independent manner. The paper describes in detail the program's strategy, which stresses the concept of redesign dependencies to guide its redesign process. Dominic has been successfully tested in four different domains. Its performance on two of these (v-belt drive design and design of extruded heat sinks) is presented here. The redesign class of design problems on which Dominic works is that large class of problems that are intellectually manageable and solvable without subdivision into smaller parts. This includes the various subproblems ultimately created when large complex problems are decomposed for solution. Dominic is a hill-climbing algorithm, similar in this respect to standard optimization methods. However, its problem formulation or input language is more flexible for some design applications than optimization techniques. Work is continuing on a Dominic II in an effort to overcome some of the limitations of Dominic.
Knot invariants from topological entropy

Abstract For any fibered n -knot K , we define an invariant h K , called the entropy of K . Algebraic lower-bound estimates of the entropy are, like h K itself, sensitive n -knot invariants, and we describe them. We extend the definition of entropy in a natural way for any 1-knot. We prove a finiteness theorem, a corollary of which implies that entropy and genus determine any fibered 1-knot up to finitely many fibered possibilities.
Affinity and specificity of multiple hydroxypyrrole/pyrrole ring pairings for coded recognition of DNA

Pairings rules have been developed to guide the design of synthetic polyamides for recognition of predetermined sequences in the minor groove of DNA. We recently reported that eight-ring hairpin-polyamides containing 3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp), imidazole (Im), and pyrrole (Py) amino acids form four-ring pairings (Im/Py, Py/Im, Hp/Py, and Py/Hp) which distinguish the four Watson-Crick base pairs in the minor groove of DNA. An Im/ Py pair distinguishes G·C from C·G and both of these from A· T/T·A base pairs. A Hp/Py specifies T·A from A·T, and both of these from G·C/C·G. The T·A selectivity of the Hp/Py pair likely arises from a combination of differential destabilization of polyamide binding via placement of Hp/Py opposite A·T or T·A, and specific hydrogen bonds between the 3-hydroxy and 4-carboxamido groups of Hp with the O2 of T (Figure 1). A general pairing rule would require the same discrimination to be observed for the recognition of multiple T·A base pairs within other sequence contexts, including A·T rich sequences. In the original report, we observed that a single Hp/Py pair replacing a Py/Py pair destabilizes an eight-ring hairpin polyamide by 5-fold for an identical match site. It remains to be determined whether consecutive Hp/Py ring pairings could target binding sites varying in their A·T base pair sequence composition without compromising polyamide affinity and sequence specificity. We report here that three consecutive Hp/Py pairs can be combined within a hairpin template to distinguish core sequence 5'-TTA-3' from 5'-TAT-3' in the DNA minor groove.
Matrix metalloproteinases are down-regulated in rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress.

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases are important biological effectors of tissue remodelling. Increased MMP expression occurs during injury, inflammation, cellular transformation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the lens, a causal factor in cataractogenesis, has been shown to induce MMP secretion. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of MMPs and their regulators in an oxidative stress model of cataract, where epithelial cell death and cortical fibre cell swelling occurs in rat lenses after exposure to riboflavin, oxygen, and light. Two time points (4 and 7 hr of exposure) were chosen in order to compare transparent lenses with partially opaque lenses. MMP activity, protein, and mRNA levels were measured. The results show that MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, and MT3-MMP are down-regulated by oxidative stress and that the down-regulation is most likely due to reduced gene transcription. In contrast, genes for catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and GAPDH are essentially unaffected, while β-actin mRNA and protein levels are markedly increased at both time points. The down-regulation of MMPs occurs in lenses still seemingly transparent after 4 hr of exposure, indicating that reduced MMP activity is a relatively early response to the oxidative stress. Moreover, in our model system, MMP inhibition, not induction, is associated with cataractogenesis.
The Amplitude-Frequency Effect in Quartz Resonators

Measurements of the amplitude-frequency effect have been carried out on X-, Y-, AT-, and BT-cut quartz resonators. Unacceptably large frequency shifts of several hundred Hz are observed under high drive levels. The effect is largely due to the thermal stresses caused by localized heating. As the central portion of resonator beneath the electrode expands, it is clamped by a cooler ring of quartz around it. A number of thermal and mechanical experiments were performed to confirm the origin of the amplitude-frequency effect, and several ways of minimizing the drift in frequency with drive level are suggested.
THE EFFECTS OF CULTURE AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Afirm's corporate culture and human resource management (HRM) policies have an important impact upon the success of that organization's supply chain management strategy. A model that examines the relationship between organizational culture, HRM policies, and the firm's transaction/relationship orientation toward its employees and the impact of these factors on its choice of supply chain partners is presented. The paper then discusses four different HRM/logistics strategies a firm can implement and examines the degree of cultural fit that is likely to develop in each of these four strategies. Finally, managers are provided with a list of questions that allow an assessment of the fit between the firm's human resource and logistics management strategies.
Application of the group contribution concept to the Kihara potential for the calculation of second virial coefficients

Abstract A correlation for second virial coefficients has been developed by applying the group contribution concept to the Kihara intermolecular potential function. Results are presented for normal and branched alkanes as well as for systems of normal alkanes with nitrogen. It was found that second virial cross coefficients for alkanes could be predicted using parameters obtained from only pure component information. The second virial cross coefficients for mixtures of nitrogen with normal alkanes from ethane to n-dodecane were calculated to within an average of 6 cm 3 mol −1 by the introduction of a single group binary-interaction coefficient.
Preadolescent drd1-EGFP mice exhibit cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization

In adult mice, repeated cocaine administration induces behavioral sensitization measured as increased horizontal locomotor activity. Cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization has been well characterized in adult mice. In adult animals, the D1 dopamine receptor is important for mediating effects of cocaine. The effect of cocaine on D1 receptor expression and function in preadolescent animals is less understood. The recently described drd1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (drd1-EGFP) reporter mouse is a useful model for performing such mechanistic studies; however, preadolescent drd1-EGFP mice have not been characterized previously. Here we studied cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in preadolescent drd1-EGFP reporter mice. We administered 15mg/kg cocaine three times daily at 1h intervals for seven consecutive days beginning on postnatal day 23 to drd1-EGFP reporter mice and the commonly used C57BL/6 mice. Under this regimen, preadolescent mice of both strains exhibited cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization; however, by day 7 the cocaine-induced locomotor activity in the drd1-EGFP mice was maintained for a longer duration compared to the C57BL/6 mice. The preadolescent drd1-EGFP mice also exhibited elevated basal locomotor activity in a novel environment and had higher D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA levels in the caudate nucleus compared to the C57BL/6 mice. The cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization was not retained when the drd1-EGFP mice were maintained cocaine-free for two weeks suggesting that in preadolescent drd1-EGFP mice the cocaine-induced changes do not persist.
A New Method for Diagnostics of Solar Magnetic Fields and Flows from Time-Distance Analysis

We propose a new method to obtain information on plasma flows and magnetic fields below the visible solar surface using time-distance measurements. The method is based on sine and cosine transforms of propagation times measured as a function of direction. The method allows one to sort out various characteristics of the subsurface medium, the flows, magnetic fields and their nonuniformities, and is less sensitive to the measurement errors. We discuss the parity properties of various contributions to the propagation times with respect to forward and backward directions and show how these properties allow separation of the effects of magnetic field and flows, as well as separation of the horizontal components from the vertical. It is shown that the first harmonics contain information on the direction and absolute value of the velocity, while the second harmonics are sensitive to the orientation and absolute value of horizontal magnetic fields and spatial gradients of the flow velocity. We discuss the effects of discrete mesh on the accuracy of measurements of the propagation time. An advantage of the method is in its intrinsic invariance with respect to the choice of the coordinate frame. The method provides an automatic rule of assigning proper weights to every observation points. We give estimates of the accuracy of the reconstruction of the flow field over distances comparable with the scale of the convection. We also present the "magnetic" corrections to the propagation time in a vertically stratified medium.
Effect of Dopamine on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Gonadotropin Secretion in Postmenopausal Women

Five healthy women who had previously undergone spontaneous menopause and had not received exogenous estrogens were studied with infusions of synthetic GnRH and dopamine to ascertain the site of dopaminergic modulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion. Infusion of dopamine at 4 micrograms/kg . min for 5 h induced a significant decrease in circulating LH concentrations, but not those of FSH. LH levels returned to baseline concentrations during the postinfusion period. Infusion with synthetic GnRH at 10 micrograms/h for 5 h induced a biphasic change in circulating gonadotropin levels. When dopamine and GnRH were simultaneously infused for 5 h, FSH and LH responses were not statistically different from those observed when GnRH was infused alone. We conclude that in normal postmenopausal women, dopamine modulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion by affecting GnRH-secreting neurons in the median eminence and possibly at other hypothalamic sites.
The Effect of Mergers on Consumer Prices: Evidence from Five Mergers on the Enforcement Margin

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. horizontal merger policy and apply it to the study of five recently consummated consumer products mergers. We select the mergers from those that, from the public record, seem most likely to be problematic. Thus, we estimate an upper bound on the likely price effect of completed mergers. Our study employs retail scanner data and uses familiar panel data program evaluation procedures to measure price changes. Our results indicate that four of the five mergers resulted in some increases in consumer prices, while the fifth merger had little effect.
Differentiation of retroperitoneal tumor using positron emission computed tomography.

Positron emission computed tomography (ECT) with /sup 11/C-DL-tryptophan and /sup 11/C-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (/sup 11/C-ACBC) has produced some promising results in patients with retroperitoneal masses. This brief report gives an example of one patient in whom a retroperitoneal mass could not be differentiated from the pancreas by transmission computed tomography but was suspected to be of pancreatic origin based on arteriographic findings. The ECT scans with /sup 11/C-DL-tryptophan showed a normal pancreas, whereas the tumor localizing agent /sup 11/C-ACBC concentrated in a tumor surrounding the tail and body of the pancreas. This approach with dual radiopharmaceuticals for the differentiation of metabolically active neoplasms and normal tissues warrants further investigation.
Sensitivity of a mixed field dosimetry algorithm to uncertainties in thermoluminescent element readings.

An error analysis of the effects of the algorithms used to resolve the deep and shallow dose components for mixed fields from multi-element thermoluminescent (TLD) badge systems was undertaken for a commonly used system. Errors were introduced independently into each of the four element readings for a badge, and the effects on the calculated dose equivalents were observed. A normal random number generator was then utilized to introduce simultaneous variations in the element readings for different uncertainties. The Department of Energy Laboratory Accrediatation Program radiation fields were investigated. Problems arising from the discontinuous nature of the algorithm were encountered for a number of radiation sources for which the algorithm misidentified the radiation field. Mixed fields of low energy photons and betas were found to present particular difficulties for the algorithm. The study demonstrates the importance of small fluctuations in the TLD element`s response in a multi-element approach. 24 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.
Reclaiming the federal courts

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Ordain and Establish 2. Of a Judiciary Nature 3. Arising Under 4. Our Federalism 5. In Custody Epilogue Notes Index
Tailored Transverse Cavity Designs for >7W Filamentation-Free Semiconductor Lasers

Using tailored refractive-index and injection-current profiles, broad-area laser simulations demonstrate suppression of free-carrier-induced self-focusing. 7.7W of spatially stable power enables high-efficiency (>70%) coupling into SMF-28, resulting in 5.5W of fiber-coupled power for EDFA pumping.
Perinatal death and tocolytic magnesium sulfate.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether there is a significant association between perinatal mortality and exposure to total doses of tocolytic magnesium sulfate larger than 48 g. Methods: We did a case-control study in which cases were defined as neonates or fetuses who died after being exposed to tocolytic magnesium sulfate and controls were those who survived exposure. The study included fetuses and neonates who weighed between 700 and 1249 g and whose mothers had received tocolytic magnesium sulfate at Chicago Lying-in Hospital between January 1, 1986, and March 31, 1999. We excluded women who received prophylactic magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia or preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and fetuses or neonates with major congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact test, χ2 test, Student t test, Mann–Whitney U test, multivariable logistic regression, and Cochrane–Armitage trend test. Results: Controlling for birth weight or gestational age, year of delivery, receipt of betamethasone, acute maternal disease, and maternal race in a multivariable model, we found that exposure to total doses of tocolytic magnesium sulfate exceeding 48 g was significantly associated with increased perinatal mortality (adjusted odds ratio 4.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1, 20.0; P = .035). Using the Cochrane–Armitage trend test, we found that a significant dose response was present (P = .03), but one that was most consistent with a threshold effect. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that high doses of tocolytic magnesium sulfate are associated with increased perinatal mortality among fetuses and neonates weighing 700–1249 g.
Validating a Geographical Image Retrieval System.

This paper summarizes a prototype geographical image retrieval system that demonstrates how to integrate image processing and information analysis techniques to support large-scale content-based image retrieval. By using an image as its interface, the prototype system addresses a troublesome aspect of traditional retrieval models, which require users to have complete knowledge of the low-level features of an image. In addition we describe an experiment to validate the performance of this image retrieval system against that of human subjects in an effort to address the scarcity of research evaluating performance of an algorithm against that of human beings. The results of the experiment indicate that the system could do as well as human subjects in accomplishing the tasks of similarity analysis and image categorization. We also found that under some circumstances texture features of an image are insufficient to represent a geographic image. We believe, however, that our image retrieval system provides a promising approach to integrating image processing techniques and information retrieval algorithms.
Multi-element adaptive arrays for interference mitigation of multiple barker/CCK signals in 802.11b WLANs

We analyze interference in the unlicensed ISM wireless band for IEEE 802.11 barker-code spread and Complementary Code Keying spread Wireless Fidelity signals and contrast the results to that of narrowband interferers. Multi-element adaptive antennas with tapped-delay-lines are used to mitigate multiple interferers. It is shown that the number of delay line taps required to successfully mitigate the effect of multiple interferers increases as the number of interferers and array elements increases.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk Factors and Shoulder & Neck Symptoms in Academic Personnel

The purpose of this report was to identify the level of risk for shoulder and neck, work-related musculoskeletal injuries among faculty, administrators, and support staff at the Army Medical Department Center and School, Academy of Health Sciences. The Department of Defense (DoD) Job Requirements and Physical Demands (JRPD) survey was used to examine risk factors associated with work activities and organizational factors, as well as self-reported healthcare and symptoms of employees. Over half of the 414-person sample (54%) reported job-related symptoms in the shoulder and neck region. Those experiencing symptoms were more likely to be female, older, civilian (as opposed to active duty military), and have worked more than 5 years on their job (p < 0.01). Job characteristics associated with symptoms included postures associated with static loads, including holding arms in an outstretched position, working with the neck held in flexion or extension, and cradling a phone between the neck and shoulder. Organi...