cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cuestionamientos a la enseñanza de la Economía desde una perspectiva compleja

Desde una perspectiva compleja aparecen claros cuestionamientos a los fundamentos y los razonamientos de la Economia Neoclasica (que es lo que se ensena en Chile cuando se ensena Economia), por ejemplo, la nocion de emergencia: “el todo es mas y menos que la suma de la partes” (Morin, 1981), la sociedad no es solo un agregado de individuos. El conocimiento es incompleto: no hay informacion absoluta. Los contextos son determinantes para la comprension de lo estudiado. Las esferas del conocimiento no estan aisladas, surge la necesidad de la transdisciplinariedad. Desde el teorema de la incompletitud de Godel las demostraciones matematicas no aseguran la veracidad de los resultados ni la ausencia de subjetividad (ademas de haber comportamientos, como el humano, que no son reductibles a la logica matematica). Es necesario replantearse las comprensiones de la Economia y su ensenanza. Disenar nuevas catedras de economia que incluyan otros contenidos, metodologias y reflexiones epistemologicas, ya que, dada la complejidad de los tiempos que afrontamos, y la importancia de las decisiones que se toman en nombre de la Economia, no podemos contar con profesionales que cuenten con una vision reduccionista de los fenomenos economicos.
To outsource or not to outsource in an integrated world

Abstract This paper investigates outsourcing decision under certainty and uncertainty. When the production activity can be fragmented into two or more processes, an integrated firm must be competitive in each of the fragmented processes. There are gains from outsourcing when factor prices differ between countries. When factor prices are not equalized internationally, a firm may outsource the process which uses its scarce source intensively. If the cost of outsourcing is lower in the foreign country, full outsourcing occurs under certainty. However, even if the outside supplier has a cost advantage, uncertainty in outsourcing cost ensures that partial outsourcing is optimal for risk-averse firms.
From Listing to Delisting: Foreign Firms' Entry and Exit from the U.S. *

We examine the listings and delistings of foreign firms from major U.S. exchanges over the period 1961 – 2004. Over this period a total of 1,330 firms listed and 728 firms delisted due to merger and acquisitions, involuntary, or voluntary reasons. The large number of listings and delistings spanning over 40 years suggests that there is a long standing dynamic to foreign firms’ entry and exit from the United States. Over this period, we find a steady decline in the length of time foreign firms stay listed in the U.S. A major reason for this decline is that, not unlike the pattern for U.S. new lists, the quality of foreign firms listing in the U.S. has deteriorated over time. Probit analysis suggests that large, profitable firms able to attract U.S. trading volume survive, whereas weak firms exit. We also examine the circumstances surrounding the voluntary delistings as their exit has raised the greatest concern about the overall competitiveness of the U.S. market. After controlling for firms close to distress, we find only 48 “true” voluntary delistings. The firms voluntarily delisting following passage of Sarbanes-Oxley have low average profitability, median assets and market capitalization less than $230 million, stock prices that decline by over 50% from listing to delisting, and 60% have no analyst coverage. The evidence suggests these firms are driven from the U.S. as much by a lack of quality and investor interest as regulatory costs. Our results suggest that foreign firms’ decision to delist from U.S. exchanges must be examined within the broader context of what makes foreign firms viable candidates for listing.
Evaluation and management of anxiety in the older adult.

Abstract Anxiety is a common presenting symptom in the elderly, yet it is often under-recognized and undertreated by physicians. Somatic presentations of anxiety are common and can confuse the diagnosis. Evaluating the older adult with anxiety requires a careful search for possible underlying causes, which include medical illness, other psychiatric disorders, and side effects of prescription medication. Anxiety often resolves with treatment of the underlying disorder but may necessitate nonpharmacologic techniques or conservative use of short-acting benzodiazepines.
Diving Deep Into Oppositional Beliefs Healing the Wounded Transnational, De/Colonizing Warrior Within

In this article using notions of liminality, I evoke Anzaldua’s theorizing of nepantlera to demonstrate the pain caused by various oppositional discourses and to posit that self-healing is the key to transformative works in social justice. Beyond discussing border crossings, multiplicity, and disrupting polarizing binaries, I enact the path of becoming a nepantlera by demonstrating trans-temporal healing through writing a letter to my younger self. Noting that relational liberatory discourses are inevitably entangled, I invite myself and the readers to dive deep into our consciousness to explore how pain and suffering may function to forge paths for healing and transformation.
The Free Market Experiment in Latin America Moving Beyond Past Policies to Search for a Pathway Forward

This article examines the performance of neoliberal economic policies in Latin America over the last several decades. Scrutiny is given to growth, development, inequality, poverty, and social conce...
Depth-resolved magnetic and structural analysis of relaxing epitaxial Sr 2 CrReO 6

Structural relaxation in a ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$ epitaxial film, which exhibits strong spin-orbit coupling, leads to depth-dependent magnetism. We combine two depth-resolved synchrotron x-ray techniques---two-dimensional reciprocal space mapping and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism---to quantitatively determine this effect. An 800-nm-thick film of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$, grown with tensile epitaxial strain on ${\mathrm{SrCr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(225\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/{\text{(LaAlO}}_{3}{)}_{0.3}({\text{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{AlTaO}}_{6}{)}_{0.7}$, relaxes away from the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}{\text{/SrCr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interface to its bulk lattice parameters, with much of the film being fully relaxed. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction of the film elucidates the in-plane strain relaxation near the film-substrate interface, while depth-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Re L edge reveals the magnetic contributions of the Re site. The smooth relaxation of the film near the interface correlates with changes in the magnetic anisotropy. This provides a systematic and powerful way to probe the depth-varying structural and magnetic properties of a complex oxide with synchrotron-source x-ray techniques.
AI3-63223: A Highly Effective Boll Weevil Sterilant

Female Anthonomus grandis Boheman are effectively sterilized for as long as 8 wk when dipped in acetone solutions of A13-63223 [1-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]urea]. This compound is superior to difiubenzuron from which recovery of fertility occurs after 2–3 weeks. Considerable reduction of reproduction also occurs with male boll weevils similarly treated with A13-63223.
Screening, Isolation, and Some Properties of Microbial Cell Flocculants

Nineteen out of 214 strains of microorganisms including moulds, bacteria, actinomycetes and yeasts, which were selected from the culture collection of our laboratory were found to produce the substances which flocculate Saccharomyces cerevisiae AJ4005 (baker’s yeast). Among them are Aspergillus sojae, Anixiella reticulata, Geotrichum candidum, Eupenicillium crustaceus, Circinella sydowi, Monascus anka, Sordaria fimicola, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium brevicale, Brevibacterium insectiphilum, Streptomyces vinaceus.The flocculants in the culture broth of these microorganisms precipitated readily by addition of acetone, and flocculated various microorganisms nonspecifically. The flocculant produced by Asp. sojae AJ7002 sedimented activated sludge well.
Concepts and Practical Considerations of Platform-Independent Design of Mobile Music Environments

UrMus is a mobile music environment that provides a live and interactive design and programming platform for multi-touch mobile devices. Platform independence and cross-device development and code migration are integral to allow flexible design of musical interactions and networked performances. This paper discusses software architecture considerations that enhance device-independence in the design of urMus as well as practical aspects of porting it to Android with implications for porting other similar environments.
Points of Maximum Polarization Efficiency in 4He(\(\vec d\),d)4He

Several points (Ei, θi) of maximum possible analyzing power have recently been identified in d-4He elastic scattering. From an analysis of data between 3 and 17 MeV, three points with Ayy = 1 were found below 12 MeV and another with Ay = −1 may exist above that energy1). An ex-. perimental indication that extreme values of the analyzing power Ay may occur comes from measurements near Ed = 28 MeV and θcm = 154°, where Ay ≃ Ayy ≃ 12).
Pathogen reductions associated with traditional processing of landjäger

Abstract To determine if traditional processing would reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC), Listeria monocytogenes (LM), and Salmonella spp. (S) in landjager, beef and pork trim (95% lean) and pork fat was experimentally-inoculated to obtain a pathogen population of ca. 8 log10 CFU/g. The trim was spray-treated with 4.5% lactic acid (30 min, 25 °C), ground, mixed with seasonings, and a starter culture added. Sausages were stuffed, pressed, fermented (to pH 4.8), cold smoked, and dried to a water activity of 0.88. Sausages were vacuum packaged, stored (20 days, ca. 23 °C), and evaluated for microbial populations, pH, and water activity. Lactic acid treatment of beef trim reduced EC, S, and LM 0.23, 0.42, and 0.22 log10 CFU/g, respectively. Subsequent fermentation and drying reduced EC, LM, and S 3.94, 4.11, and 4.29 log10 CFU/g respectively. Average log reductions of 7.83, 6.19, and 7.21 log10 CFU/g were observed for EC, LM and S, respectively, for the duration of the study. This study demonstrates that traditional processing of landjager may result in a ca. 5 log reduction of foodborne pathogens.
Database decay and how to avoid it

The traditional wisdom for designing database schemas is to use a design tool (typically based on a UML or E-R model) to construct an initial data model for one's data. When one is satisfied with the result, the tool will automatically construct a collection of 3rd normal form relations for the model. Then applications are coded against this relational schema. When business circumstances change (as they do frequently) one should run the tool again to produce a new data model and a new resulting collection of tables. The new schema is populated from the old schema, and the applications are altered to work on the new schema, using relational views whenever possible to ease the migration. In this way, the database remains in 3rd normal form, which represents a “good” schema, as defined by DBMS researchers. “In the wild”, schemas often change once a quarter or more often, and the traditional wisdom is to repeat the above exercise for each alteration. In this paper we report that the traditional wisdom appears to be rarely-to-never followed for large, multi-department applications. Instead DBAs appear to attempt to minimize application maintenance (and hence schema changes) instead of maximizing schema quality. This leads to schemas which quickly diverge from E-R or UML models and actual database semantics tend to drift farther and farther from 3rd normal form. We term this divergence of reality from 3rd normal form principles database decay. Obviously, this is a very undesirable state of affairs, and should be avoided if possible. The paper continues with tactics to slow down database decay. We argue that the traditional development methodology, that of coding applications in ODBC or JDBC, is at least partly to blame for decay. Hence, we propose an alternate methodology that should be more resilient to decay.
The association between daily average feeding behaviors and morbidity in automatically fed group-housed preweaned dairy calves

Group housing and computerized feeding of preweaned dairy calves is gaining popularity among dairy producers worldwide, yet disease incidence and detection remain a challenge in these systems. The aim of this prospective observational cohort study was to describe the relationship between morbidity and feeding behavior around the period of illness detection. Calves were enrolled upon entrance to the group pen on 10 farms in Minnesota (n = 4) and Virginia (n = 6) utilizing group housing and computerized feeding from February until October 2014. Morbidity and mortality events were recorded by the calf caregiver. Farms were visited either every week (Minnesota) or every other week (Virginia) to collect calf enrollment data, feeding behavior data, and health records. Daily average feeding behaviors (drinking speed, mL/min; daily consumption, L/d; rewarded visits to the feeder; and unrewarded visits to the feeder) were described both overall and for sick and healthy calf days. Multivariable mixed models were built to assess the differences in daily average feeding behaviors (drinking speed, daily consumption, rewarded visits, unrewarded visits) between matched sick and healthy calves around the time of an illness event (-10 to 10 d). Final models were controlled for calf age, region (Minnesota and Virginia), group size, disease diagnosis, the random effect of farm, and repeated measurements on calf. A stratified analysis was performed by both day from treatment event and disease diagnosis. We enrolled 1,052 calves representing 43,607 calf days over 9 mo. From these, 176 sick calves had a matched control and were carried forward to the matched pair analysis. Fifty-five percent of sick calves (97/176) were treated for diarrhea, 30% (53/176) were treated for pneumonia, and 15% (26/176) were treated for ill thrift. Sick calves drank 183 ± 27 mL/min (mean ± standard error) more slowly, drank 1.2 ± 0.6 L/d less, and had 3.1 ± 0.7 fewer unrewarded visits than control calves on the first day of treatment. These differences began up to 4 d before the calf was detected as sick, and persisted for 7 to 10 d after treatment. However, changes in feeding behaviors varied by disease diagnosed. Rewarded visits were not associated with morbidity status. The results of this study indicate that sick calves change their feeding behavior before and during an illness event, suggesting that feeding behavior may be a useful tool to detect disease onset.
New Species of Calamus (Palmae) from Lao and Myanmar

This paper concerns southern Asian species of Calamus from Beccari's Groups V and VI. Calamus floribundus var. depauperatus is recognized as a distinct species, C. meghalayensis; C. kingianus is recognized as a distinct species from northeastern India and the Lao population of C. kingianus is recognized as a separate species, C. evansii; recently collected specimens from northern Myanmar are recognized as two distinct species, C. hukaungensis and C. spicatus; C. hypoleucus is recognized as a distinct species from Myanmar and the Lao population of C. hypoleucus is recognized as a distinct species, C minor. Nomenclature, descriptions, illustrations, specimens examined, and distribution maps are given for the new species.
Studies of the guild of ant-following birds at Belém, Brazil

Abstract Studies of ant-following birds at Belem show that some species are professional ant-followers, that is, obtain more than 50% of their food near ants. Professional ant-followers at Belem are: Black-spotted Bare-Eye, Phlegopsis nigromaculata, White-backed Fire-Eye, Pyriglena leuconota, Scale-backed Antbird, Hylophylax poecilenota (Formicariidae); Barred Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes certhia, Plain-brown Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, White-chinned Woodcreeper, D. merula; and Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata, A list of thirty-seven species of nonprofessional birds was obtained during the study period. Nonprofessional species only occasionally follow army ant raids. The army ant (Eciton burchelli) was the main species followed. Foraging habits, perch heights and prey items were noted for most of the professional and nonprofessional species of birds. Also, their interactions at swarms of ants and a comparison with other ant-following guilds is provided.
Description of Discordance Between LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and LDL Particle Number Among Patients of a Lipid Clinic

Background: While LDL cholesterol measures the cholesterol content within an LDL particle (LDL-P), it may not reflect LDL-P concentrations. If discordance exists, LDL-P may better predict cardiovascular events compared to LDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C). In primary prevention patients, discordance has been associated with diabetes, ethnicity, gender, metabolic syndrome, and smoking history. Objective: To describe discordance in patients of a lipid clinic by exploring associations between patient characteristics and discordance among LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or LDL-P. Secondarily to compare proportion of patients with baseline concordance versus discordance who have ASCVD events, diagnoses of new onset diabetes or death. Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort study at a large academic medical center was conducted. Patients establishing care from January 2009 through December 2012 with complete initial labs were included. Logistic regression models were used to explore associations between discordance and patient characteristics. Results: Of 603 patients screened, the final cohort included 166 patients with 104 (62.7%) discordant. LDL-P was the most common discordant value. Discordance was associated with gender, smoking status, use of lipid lowering medications, and achieving patient specific LDL-C goals. In terms of any event observed after initial measurements, no significant differences were detected between discordant and concordant groups. Conclusion: Within a lipid clinic population, discordance was associated with male gender, smoking status, lipid-lowering therapy, and being at patient specific LDL-C goal. While associations were found in our population, clinicians should consider measuring LDL-P to fully assess presence or extent of discordance. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties. Type: Original Research
From “I’m Never Having Children” to Motherhood: A Critical Analysis of Silence and Voice in Negotiations of Childbearing Face

ABSTRACTWomen who once communicated themselves as permanently childless/childfree by choice but then became mothers must negotiate a drastic shift in childbearing identity. To study this identity work, the present study adopts performative face theory, a critical interpersonal and family communication theory that places Goffman’s theory of face in conversation with Butler’s theory of performativity. In this theorization, negotiations of face sediment oppositional identities through the reiterative power of discursive and bodily acts. Critical-qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with mothers who once told others they never wanted to have children demonstrates how the facework strategies of voice and silence allow women to perform the “sincerely childfree” face and then the “good (future) mother” face. These negotiations of face are enabled and constrained by relations of power that define identity categories. Although these negotiations of face are often relationally harmonious, they also reify pow...
ITiCSE working groups and collaboration in the computing education community

In this paper, we investigate the degree to which ITiCSE Working Groups have served to connect new researchers to the larger computing education community. Previous analysis of computing education research collaborations has concluded that computing education researchers collaborate with fewer people and that newcomers have a harder time integrating into the community, compared with other computer-science fields. The ITiCSE Working Groups were explicitly omitted from this previous analysis, however. This paper presents an analysis over time of the collaboration network for the Working Groups and identifies the similarities and differences between it and networks previously reported. This analysis suggests that the ITiCSE Working Groups play an important role in building the computing education community.
Cancer Stem Cells: A Matter of Perspective

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a disease in which a small number of primitive renewing stem cells give rise to more differentiated hematopoietic cells. The stem cells are the basis for continuation and recurrence of the disease. Recent reports have suggested that most cancers are driven by rare stem cells which may have a different sensitivity to therapeutic agents and must be eliminated in order to obtain a cure of the disease. It would appear most likely that there is a spectrum of “stemness” in cancers with some cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consisting almost totally of stem cells, with many carcinomas being a mixture of stem and differentiated cells and a disease such as CML being generated by rare stem cells. Therapeutic relevance lies in tumors of the latter class.
Performance of community-based lung cancer screening program in a region with a high rate of endemic histoplasmosis.

58Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with Low dose computed-tomography (LDCT) has been recommended by USPSTF for high-risk population since 2013 largely based on 20% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality shown in National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). The success of NLST was related to its high adherence rate and thorough ascertainment of lung cancers and deaths. This study evaluated performance of lung cancer screening program in Histoplasmosis endemic community. Methods: Demographic and clinical information was collected through retrospective review on all patients in the lung cancer screening program of a Kentucky health system comprising 21 centers from 2016 and 2017. A positive LDCT screen is defined as Lung-RADS version 1.0 assessment categories 3 or 4. Results: A total of 4500 LDCT screens were performed in 2016 (39%) and 2017 (61%) with 49% adherence rate to repeat annual screen in 2017. Mean age of patients was 64 years, majority being females (54%) and current smokers (69%) with averag...
Echo interval and not echo intensity drives bat flight behavior in structured corridors

To navigate in the natural environment, animals must adapt their locomotion in response to environmental stimuli. The echolocating bat relies on auditory processing of echo returns to represent its surroundings. Recent studies have shown that echo flow patterns influence bat navigation, but the acoustic basis for flight path selection remains unknown. To investigate this problem, we released bats in a flight corridor with walls constructed of adjacent individual wooden poles, which returned cascades of echoes to the flying bat. We manipulated the spacing and echo strength of the poles comprising each corridor side, and predicted that bats would adapt their flight paths to deviate toward the corridor side returning weaker echo cascades. Our results show that the bat's trajectory through the corridor was not affected by the intensity of echo cascades. Instead, bats deviated toward the corridor wall with more sparsely spaced, highly reflective poles, suggesting that pole spacing, rather than echo intensity, influenced bat flight path selection. This result motivated investigation of the neural processing of echo cascades. We measured local evoked auditory responses in the bat inferior colliculus to echo playback recordings from corridor walls constructed of sparsely and densely spaced poles. We predicted that evoked neural responses would be discretely modulated by temporally distinct echoes recorded from the sparsely spaced pole corridor wall, but not by echoes from the more densely spaced corridor wall. The data confirm this prediction and suggest that the bat's temporal resolution of echo cascades may drive its flight behavior in the corridor.
Improving cache hit ratio by extended referencing cache lines

Cache memory has been proved to narrow the latency between CPU and main memory. In this study, an algorithm is presented to improve the cache-hit ratio by using an extension to the locality of references (spatial and temporal). The new algorithm extends the reference flagging to additional data lines already residing in the cache besides the one referenced by the processor. It is an extension to a two-way set associative mapping function working in conjunction with a LRU replacement technique. Experiments conducted with memory access traces of running an electrical circuit simulator showed a slight improvement over the standard LRU technique, justifying the use of the new algorithm.
The spectrum of facial palsy: The MEEI facial palsy photo and video standard set.

OBJECTIVES Facial palsy causes variable facial disfigurement ranging from subtle asymmetry to crippling deformity. There is no existing standard database to serve as a resource for facial palsy education and research. We present a standardized set of facial photographs and videos representing the entire spectrum of flaccid and nonflaccid (aberrantly regenerated or synkinetic) facial palsy. To demonstrate the utility of the dataset, we describe the relationship between level of facial function and perceived emotion expression as determined by an automated emotion detection, machine learning-based algorithm. METHODS Photographs and videos of patients with both flaccid and nonflaccid facial palsy were prospectively gathered. The degree of facial palsy was quantified using eFACE, House-Brackmann, and Sunnybrook scales. Perceived emotion during a standard video of facial movements was determined using an automated, machine learning algorithm. RESULTS Sixty participants were enrolled and categorized by eFACE score across the range of facial function. Patients with complete flaccid facial palsy (eFACE <60) had a significant loss of perceived joy compared to the nonflaccid and normal groups. Additionally, patients with only moderate flaccid and nonflaccid facial palsy had a significant increase in perceived negative emotion (contempt) when compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION We provide this open-source database to assist in comparing current and future scales of facial function as well as facilitate comprehensive investigation of the entire spectrum of facial palsy. The automated machine learning-based algorithm detected negative emotions at moderate levels of facial palsy and suggested a threshold severity of flaccid facial palsy beyond which joy was not perceived. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:32-37, 2020.
A Successful Model for Adult Emergency Medicine Protocol Implementation for Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affects approximately 1 in 350 African American newborn infants each year in the United States and 70,000-100,000 people in the United States. Vaso-occlusive pain crisis is the most common complication that results in patients seeking emergency care for sickle cell disease. In the US in 2006, an estimated 232,381 emergency department (ED) visits were related to sickle cell disease, which resulted in approximately $356 million of ED health care costs and $2.6 billion of combined ED and inpatient costs. Initial pediatric data suggests that time to opiate initiation effectively decreased the total ED length of stay, and total intravenous opiates. While adult ED protocols have been implemented, results on time to first opiate as well as health care utilization has been variable. Methods: A multidisciplinary quality improvement group was formed to improve emergency room department care delivery for patients with sickle cell disease. The existing NIH 2014 sickle cell guideline and Tanabe protocol was modified to include individualized pain plans (Figure 1). The primary goal was defined as average time to first opiate of Results: There were a total of 352 encounters from 102 unique patients that occurred time of protocol initiation (January 2015-June 2015). The average time to first opiate in January 2014 was 170 min and June 2014 was 166min. After protocol implementation, the average time to first opiate in January 2015 was 123 min and June 2015 62 min (Figure 2). The readmission rate compared to May and June 2014 was decreased by 43% and 20% in May and June 2015, respectively. The average length of ED stay decreased from 9.4 hrs in June 2014 to 5.0 hrs in June 2015 (Figure 3). Conclusion: With a collaborative multi-disciplinary approach, successful ED protocol implementation is feasible. The collaboration can lead to better patient care with improvement in time to analgesia. The model may also contribute to reduction in health care utilization. Disclosures Desai:Pfizer: Consultancy.
Characterization of an aerosol generation system to assess inhalation risks of aerosolized nano-enabled consumer products.

Objective: The aerosolization of common nano-enabled consumer products such as cosmetics has significantly increased engineered nanoparticle inhalation risks. While several studies have investigated the impact of cosmetic dermal exposures, inhalation hazards of aerosolized cosmetics are much less known but could pose considerable harm to users due to potential co-exposure of nanoparticles and other product components.Materials and Methods: In this study, we developed a fully automated aerosol generation system to examine the aerosol properties of four aerosolized nano-enabled cosmetics using real-time monitoring and sampling instrumentation. Physicochemical characterization of aerosols was conducted using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Characterization and calibration of animal exposure pods coupled to the system were also performed by measuring and comparing particle concentrations between pods.Results and Discussion: Results show peak emissions are shade dependent and varied between 12,000-22,000 particles/cm3 with modal diameters ranging from 36 nm-1.3 µm. SEM-EDX analysis determined that the original products and collected aerosols have similar morphological features consisting of micron-sized particles decorated with nanoparticles and crystalline structures. Mean total particle concentration in pods at 5 and 10 mg/m3 target levels were 2.22E + 05 #/cm3 and 4.33E + 05 #/cm3, respectively, with <10% variability between pods.Conclusions: The fully automated exposure platform described herein provides reproducible aerosol generation, conforms to recommended guidelines on chemical testing, and therefore is suitable for future in vivo toxicological assessments to examine potential respiratory hazards of aerosolized nano-enabled consumer products.
“Mom, I want to come home”: Geographies of compound displacement, violence and longing

Abstract This article focuses on former “comfort woman” Gil Won-ok’s story to explore the dialectical relationship between place and self, or what Edward Casey calls the “geographical self.” Gil was one of thousands of women who were used as sex slaves by the Imperial Army of Japan at “comfort stations” during World War II. Taken from her hometown of Pyongyang when she was fourteen years old, Gil endured years of compounding violence in displacement away from her family and homeland. Today, at age 92, Gil still does not know what happened to her family as the division of Korea prevented her from returning home, extending her displacement. Despite the scale and brutal nature of this state-sponsored violence against thousands of young women and girls, geographic scholarship is critically lacking in addressing this violence. We hope to fill this gap. Theoretically, the article contributes to the broader literature on the dyad of place and self, and we do so by broadening the discussion of the geographical self to better understand the violence of displacement and longing for one’s lost place. But most importantly this article would make a modest contribution of recognition to Gil’s long struggle and perseverance.
Giant trashcan crab also makes creepy noises

![Graphic][1] Imagine relaxing on an Indo-Pacific tropical island beach under a palm tree with a coconut drink in your hand. You hear a mysterious tapping noise above you, so you look up and see a meter-wide crab at the top of the palm tree, tearing a red-footed booby apart with its big,
Hope or despair: a response to ‘Do not despair about severity—yet’

This is a brief response to ‘Do not despair about severity—yet’ by Barra et al. It argues that they have no serious criticisms of Daniel Hausman’s essay, ‘The Significance of Severity’” and that indeed their work lends further support to his view that there is no justification for prioritising severity. As policy-akers, Barra and his coauthors are more constrained by popular attitudes, which apparently favour prioritising severity.
The Efficacy of Restrictive Normative Orders

Previous research on armed conflict among nation-states has identified two structural conditions in the international system that appear to be connected to the incidence of war: (1) the degree of preponderance enjoyed by the leading state and (2) the amount of volatility in the overall pyramid of international power. Wars are less likely to occur when a single dominant state holds a decisive advantage over its nearest competitors, and stability exists in hierarchy of the other preeminent states. This chapter assesses how much restrictive war-initiation norms contribute to reducing warfare above and beyond the influence of these two conditions. According to the results from a hierarchical regression analysis of system structure, international norms, and war during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, restrictive norms have a statistically significant negative impact on the frequency of war after the effects of preponderance and volatility have been taken into account.
Risk Factors for Hyponatremia and Perioperative Complications With Malignant Intracranial Tumor Resection in Adults: An Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2015.

Background The present study aims to study the incidence and risk factors for developing hyponatremia and associated perioperative outcomes in adult patients admitted for malignant brain tumor resection. Methods The 2012–2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for all patients undergoing surgical resection of malignant brain tumors. These patients were then grouped by the presence of concurrent diagnosis of hyponatremia, and compared with respect to various clinical features, perioperative and postoperative complications, all-cause mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was utilized to control for appropriate baseline confounders and the influence of other endpoint variables. Results The search criteria identified 12,480 adult patients admitted for malignant brain tumor resection, of whom 1162 (9.3%) developed hyponatremia in the perioperative period. Patients with obstructive hydrocephalus (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23, P Conclusions Patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, diabetes, hypertension, and depression were more likely to develop perioperative hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was associated with increased morbidity following malignant brain tumor resection.
A Tale of Community College Transfer Pathway: US-ELs’ Trajectories toward Healthcare Programs

U.S.-educated English learners (US-ELs) who aspire to obtain a bachelor’s degree are often guided by their high school counselors to attend community colleges first, and are assured that they can a...
Correction to: Sharing the Power of White Privilege to Catalyze Positive Change in Academic Medicine.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01002-x
Development of high B s Fe-Ni-based metal amorphous nanocomposite by optimization of glass-forming ability

Thermocalc simulations identified compositions with good glass-forming ability (GFA) by locating minima in liquidus temperature, and solidification range in (Fe70 Ni30)x(B-Si-Nb)100-x alloys with x = 82% and x = 85%, increased compared to previously developed x = 80% alloys. 3 compositions in the x = 82% system and 1 in the x = 85% system were successfully cast as amorphous magnetic ribbon. Magnetic properties of as-cast alloys showed improvements in Curie temperature and saturation induction, especially for the 85% alloy. Crystallization behavior in the 85% alloy was determined to occur as a 2-step process. Annealing studies showed (Fe70Ni30)82Nb2Si0B16 and (Fe70Ni30)82Nb3Si0B15 alloys to exhibit low coercivity and high Bs with annealing. TEM results show significant crystallization in as-cast ribbon. The (Fe70Ni30)85Nb0.5Si0B14.5 alloy as-cast has small, uniformly distributed grains, allowing a useful nanocrystalline alloy to be produced as cast. Finally, the parameter ΔTxg, the temperature range in which the material can be thermomechanically processed, was in the range of 12–23 °C.
Reimagining Rights and Responsibilities in the United States: Equal Access to Public Goods and Services

A right of equal access to public goods and services is rooted in the rights to ‘Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.’ With these rights, the Declaration of Independence asserts the concept of equality as a founding principle, while nearly a century later in the nation’s “second founding” after the Civil War, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution goes further in guaranteeing equal protection of the law. These documents create the principle from which a right of equal access is derived, including access to education, health care, housing, and environmental protection. Throughout American history, the concepts of liberty and equality have been intertwined but also conflicted. Current trends within public education, health care, housing, and environmental protection reflect burgeoning disparities in opportunity. Public policy in recent years has centered around the promotion of macroeconomic growth but has done little to guarantee individual and societal well-being, reinforcing the focus of the private sector on maximizing shareholder value, often at the expense of employees and consumers. These policies have exacerbated the inequality of access to public goods and services, such as health and education, among significant portions of the population, who lack the agency and the opportunity to sustain themselves. It is critical that the United States responds to the public health and economic crises by protecting liberty, equality, and securing equal access to public goods and services.
Taint analysis of arrays in Android applications

State of the art static taint analyzers of Android applications are not able to precisely handle arrays because they do not distinguish different elements of an array. We propose to address this issue by applying an interval analysis to over-approximate the set of the indexes of tainted array elements. The proposed approach has been implemented on top of FlowDroid. Experimental results show that it improves analysis precision of programs with arrays and reduces analysis time of those programs. The proposed approach can be generalized to improve taint analysis of other indexed collections of elements, not just arrays.
Assessing Quality and Safety of an Advanced Practice Provider-Led Active Surveillance Clinic for Men with Prostate Cancer

AbstractIntroduction:We implemented an advanced practice provider (APP)-led clinic to aid in managing the growing population of men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. Our objective wa...
Use of Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy: A Comprehensive Review of Literature.

Severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) is associated with high rate of procedural complications. The current techniques that facilitate PCI in moderate to severe CAC have significant risk of complications, including periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), dissection, perforation and transient atrioventricular block. Coronary Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technology for the treatment of moderate to severe calcified lesions. IVL uses sonic pressure waves to break down the calcium deposits with no to minimal impact on the blood vessel tissues, which makes IVL a safe option with high procedural success and minimal complications. Here, we discuss coronary IVL as a treatment option for CAC and summarize the major clinical trials performed evaluating the safety and outcome of IVL.
Bankers, Bureaucrats, and Central Bank Politics: The Myth of Neutrality

1. Agents, institutions, and the political economy of performance 2. Career theories of monetary policy 3. Careers and inflation in industrial democracies 4. Careers and the monetary policy process 5. Careers and inflation in developing countries 6. The uses of autonomy: what independence really means 7. Partisan governments, labor unions, and monetary policy 8. The politics of central banker appointment 9. The politics of central banker tenure 10. Conclusion: the dilemma of discretion.
Cloud storage for digital preservation: optimal uses of Amazon S3 and Glacier

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use cloud storage in digital preservation by analyzing the pricing and data retrieval models. The author recommends strategies to minimize the costs and believes cloud storage is worthy of serious consideration. Design/methodology/approach – Few articles have been published to show the uses of cloud storage in libraries. The cost is the main concern. An overview of cloud storage pricing shows a price drop once every one or one-and-a-half years. The author emphasize the data transfer-out costs and demonstrate a case study. Comparisons and analysis of S3 and Glacier have been conducted to show the differences in retrieval and costs. Findings – Cloud storage solutions like Glacier can be very attractive for long-term digital preservation if data can be operated within the provider’s same data zone and data transfer-out can be minimized. Practical implications – Institutions can benefit from cloud storage by understanding the cost models and data retrieval models. Mul...
Profiling EGFR isoforms in ovarian cancer demonstrates that EGFR and sEGFR have prognostic significance: Implications for EGFR isoforms as cancer biomarkers.

A58 Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the etiology and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previous immunohistochemical (IHC) studies have yielded discordant observations regarding EGFR as a prognostic factor of EOC, perhaps as a result of the inability to distinguish between full-length EGFR and one or more soluble EGFR (sEGFR) isoforms, which arise from alternate transcription. We, therefore, investigated whether sEGFR and EGFR are prognosticators of EOC.Methods: IHC was performed on a tissue microarray containing 196 EOC cases annotated with clinicopathological information using antibodies that discern EGFR from sEGFR. Clinicopathological covariates included: age, stage, grade, histology, bilateral ovarian involvement (BOI), synchronous or metachronous secondary cancers, and IHC labeling of p53, EGFR, and sEGFR. These covariates were analyzed as prognosticators of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using accelerated failure time and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively.Results: Univariate analyses confirm that age, stage, grade, histology, and BOI are significant prognosticators of PFS and OS in EOC patients. Multivariate regression shows that only older age, advanced stage, and BOI are independent, adverse prognosticators of both PFS and OS. In addition, high p53 labeling emerged as a favorable prognosticator of PFS (OR = 0.595; CI: 0.337, 1.049) and OS (HR = 0.637; CI: 0.431, 0.939) when mutually adjusted for confounding by age, stage, and BOI. Additional modeling revealed a significant interaction between EGFR and sEGFR for both PFS and OS. Adjusted for age, stage, BOI, and p53 labeling, patients with both high EGFR and sEGFR labeling had 1.898 (95% CI: 1.051, 3.428) higher odds of progression and 1.599 (95% CI: 1.203, 2.125) higher hazard of dying compared to patients with both low EGFR and sEGFR labeling.Conclusions: Adjusted for age, stage, BOI, and p53 and accounting for effect modification by EGFR and sEGFR, prominent labeling of both EGFR and sEGFR is a significant adverse prognosticator for EOC patients. These results have biological implications for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients, and suggest that prior studies examining the prognostic utility of EGFR using routine IHC methods may be confounded by the co-expression of alternate EGFR isoforms.
The Folklore of the Jews

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Angelo S. Rappoport Year: 2007 Pages: 286 Publisher: Keegan Paul ISBN: 978-0-7103-1198-6 (hard cover). Prices: $212.50 USD(hard cover).
Localization of Toll-like receptors on epididymal epithelial cells and spermatozoa.

Problem Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immunity receptors that are essential for detecting invading pathogens. Objectives of this study were to identify epididymal cell types expressing TLRs and to determine if TLRs are present on spermatozoa. Method of study Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded sections from regions of the rat epididymis was used to identify epididymal cell types expressing TLRs. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect TLRs on spermatozoa. Results TLRs 1–9 and 11 are abundantly expressed by the epididymal epithelium in most regions of the duct with the exception of clear cells of the cauda which do not express TLRs 5–7 or 11. TLRs were detected on epididymal spermatozoa and several TLRs showed regional distributions patterns suggesting modification during epididymal transit. Conclusion The abundance of TLR family members in the epididymal epithelium and on spermatozoa provides strong evidence that TLRs play important roles in innate immunity of the male reproductive tract.
Impulse-Model calculations of the Σ-hyperon conversion process in light nuclei

This paper describes in detail impulse model calculations of the Σ-hyperon conversion process for the reactions Σ− +4He → Λ0 + n + t and K− +4He → (Σ + nucleus) + π− → Λ0 + p + d + π− at rest. By introducing an effective nuclear potential acting on the Σ-hyperon before conversion, we are able to obtain good fits to the experimental momentum spectrum of the outgoing baryonic particles. The potentials required in the two reactions are shown to be consistent with each other and with other available data for heavier nuclei. Previously Cohnet al. (1) studying the reaction Σ− +4He → Λ + n + t had observed a marked disagreement between the experimental triton momentum distribution and the impulse prediction when no nuclear potential was used. Their interpretation of this effect as due to the formation of aY=1d ibaryon resonance in the final state appears to be invalid.
The Effect of Monetary Policy on the Availability of Credit: How the Credit Channel Works

The recent financial turmoil renewed interest in whether monetary policy affects the supply side of the credit market. We show that this credit channel exists — monetary policy affects aggregate loan supply (bank lending channel) and redistributes loan supply across different-sized firms (balance sheet channel). The effect on aggregate loan supply is driven by banks altering loan maturity, so monetary policy takes time to impact loan supply. Policy loosening associated with recessions, including the recent one, increased loan supply after about one year. In the cross-section, the impact is at least as strong for large banks as for small banks.