cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PATH-22. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ASSAY TO MEASURE 2-HYDROXYGLUTARATE (2-hg) ENANTIOMER LEVELS AND THE UTILITY OF 2-hg AS A BIOMARKER FOR MANAGEMENT OF IDH MUTANT GLIOMAS

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene is mutated in a large percentage of gliomas and produces the oncometabolite, (R)-2-hydroxgylutarate [(R)-2hg]. However, no correlation between total 2hg levels and clinical parameters, like tumor burden, in glioma patients has been identified. This lack is likely due to the presence of significant levels of the enantiomer, (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2hg]. (S)-2hg is normally produced in the body and during hypoxic conditions. Past studies measuring 2hg via mass spectrometry methods either do not differentiate between (R)-and (S)-2hg, both which are normally detectable in serum, or use LC-MS based assays that lack the sensitivities needed to detect changes in (R)-2hg when an IDH mutant glioma is present. In this study, a novel gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was built to measure 2hg enantiomers and used to determine if serum levels of (R)-2hg:(S)-2hg, or absolute levels of (R)-2hg, could provide clinical utility as a biomarker in patients with IDH mutant gliomas. The derivatization, fragmentation, and quantitation scheme was optimized for sensitive detection of basal 2hg enantiomers using normal human serum. Serum was then collected from patients with IDHmut and IDHwt gliomas and analyzed to measure levels of 2hg enantiomers before and during the course of treatment. The ratio of (R)-2hg:(S)-2hg was increased in a number of patients with actively growing IDHmut tumors, but not in patients with stable IDHmut tumors or IDHwt tumors. These preliminary results demonstrate the utility of the GC-MS assay for measurement of 2hg enantiomers and their ratio as a biomarker for active disease in patients with IDHmut gliomas.
An Elusive Diagnosis: Case Reports of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Review of Current Literature.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and serious hematologic disorder characterized by severe immune system dysregulation with a cytokine storm and histologic evidence of hemophagocytosis. It can be inherited or develop secondary to other diseases. We present three cases of secondary HLH in patients with distinct backgrounds. Our objective is to characterize the unique features of the disease, its underlying associations, treatment, and potential prognostic variables. The first case was a 20-year-old male with a history of intravenous (IV) drug abuse who presented with multi-organ failure and septic shock. A diagnosis of HLH was suspected after finding a ferritin of >100,000 ng/mL and confirmed with bone marrow biopsy. Furthermore, the patient was found to have significant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia. He responded well to the HLH-94 protocol with the addition of rituximab and ganciclovir. The second case was a 50-year-old female with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented with multi-organ failure and severe anemia. Ferritin was also significantly elevated and a bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of HLH. She was started on HLH-94 protocol. Despite treatment, the patient expired due to worsening renal failure and shock. Her autopsy report also showed evidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The third case was a 57-year-old male with a history of Crohn’s disease treated with infliximab and adalimumab, who presented with multi-organ failure and pancytopenia. A diagnosis of HLH was made based on clinical findings and later confirmed on bone marrow biopsy. He responded to HLH-94 protocol but experienced fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients presenting with HLH are often critically ill and deteriorate rapidly. The diagnosis is often challenging to establish due to its variable presentation and association with other pathologies. A moderate index of suspicion should be present for patients who have febrile illness with pancytopenia, multi-organ failure, high ferritin, and low fibrinogen levels. We discuss associations with viral infections, hematologic malignancies and immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment is directed at suppressing the immune response and for secondary HLH, addressing the underlying conditions, such as use of rituximab for EBV viremia and treatment of lymphoma.
Noonan Syndrome: Phenotypic Variations and Molecular Genetics

Abstract Noonan syndrome is a genetic multisystemic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 1000–2500 newborns. This condition is characterized by dysmorphic features, developmental delay, short stature, congenital heart disease, lymphatic malformations, genitourinary anomalies, and bleeding difficulties. Mutations that cause Noonan syndrome alter genes encoding proteins with a role in the RAS/MAPK pathway. Medical management guidelines have been developed for this condition and molecular genetic testing is available diagnostically and may provide further aid in long medical management and prognosis (Roberts et al. [5] ).
Relationship between blood serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration and postweaning feed efficiency of crossbred cattle at three levels of dietary intake.

Blood serum concentration of IGF-I was analyzed to determine its relationship with individual postweaning feed efficiency (gain/feed) of 36 crossbred steer calves fed at three levels of feed intake (n = 12 at each level). Diets consisted of a corn silage-based growing diet for 84 d followed by a 91% concentrate finishing diet for 56 d. Dietary intake levels were at 80, 90, or 100% of ad libitum. Diets were formulated to ensure equal daily intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals across intake treatment levels. Intake was measured daily; ADG, DMI, and feed efficiency were calculated at 28-d intervals, through d 140. Individual weights and serum samples were collected at the beginning of the study and at 28-d intervals thereafter. The IGF-I concentrations were determined with a RIA. Data were analyzed as a multivariate split-plot in time. Imposed dietary intake restrictions did not affect serum IGF-I concentration (P = .90) or individual feed efficiency (P = .36), even though the least squares means for IGF-I concentration tended to decrease and the feed efficiency means tended to increase under the restricted intake levels. Serum IGF-I concentration, ADG, and feed efficiency were affected (P < .001) by collection date. Residual correlations between IGF-I concentrations at adjacent 28-d sampling times averaged .72. Diet intake level x sampling time interactions existed for ADG (P = .02) and feed efficiency (P < .001). Positive residual correlations of .28 (P < .001) and .16 (P = .07) existed between IGF-I and ADG and between IGF-I and feed efficiency, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that a 1 ng/mL increase in serum IGF-I concentration was associated with a .00135 kg/d increase in ADG (P < .001) and a .0001 kg gain/kg feed increase in feed efficiency (P = .04). These results support the hypothesis that serum IGF-I plays a role in growth and in efficiency of feed utilization in beef cattle.
Direct numerical simulations of second-order Stokes wave driven smooth-walled oscillatory channel: investigation of net current formation

ABSTRACTIn wall-bounded time-periodic flows, nonlinearity, associated with higher harmonic term(s) in velocity and/or acceleration outside the boundary layer, can significantly change the wall turb...
Anticipatory effects of taxation in the commons: When do taxes work, and when do they fail?

Abstract This paper considers a common-pool resource where a regulator announces a new policy curbing appropriation (usage fee). While firms respond reducing their appropriation once the fee is in effect, we identify under which conditions firms choose to increase their appropriation before the fee comes into effect. We demonstrate that this policy-induced appropriation increase is more likely when: (1) several firms compete for the resource; (2) firms sustain some market power; (3) firms impose significant cost externalities on each other; and (4) the resource is scarce. Our results, therefore, indicate that policy announcements can trigger increases in resource exploitation before the policy comes into effect.
Technical complications of pancreas allotransplantation

Abstract Surgical complications have had a tremendous impact on the evolution of pancreas transplantation, with refined surgical techniques and management practices producing global improvements in complication rates overtime. Despite this, complications following pancreas transplantation remain prevalent and highly relevant, as it can lead to graft loss, morbidity, mortality, and increased health-care costs. Optimizing outcomes begins with well-selected candidates and donors, with ongoing care needed at the time of organ procurement, during the transplantation operation and in postoperative patient management. Graft thrombosis continues to be the leading cause of technical failure in the current era, with anastomotic leaks, pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, metabolic derangements, gastrointestinal, and urologic complications also contributing to poor outcomes.
Influence of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography and Pulmonary Artery Catheter Monitoring on Outcomes in Liver Transplantation.

Anesthetic management of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can be challenging. Management involves responding to sudden hemodynamic shifts, addressing instability, and performing ongoing volume assessment. To best prepare for these perturbations, various monitors are used intraoperatively. We sought to explore the impact of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) use on outcomes of patients undergoing OLT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who underwent OLT at a single institution and included all who were monitored intraoperatively with TEE alone, PAC alone, or both methods concurrently (TEE + PAC). We determined whether these groups had differences in length of hospitalization (primary outcome), 30-day mortality rate, and other outcomes. Results Three hundred eighteen liver transplant operations were included in the study. Patients in the TEE + PAC group had the shortest median length of hospitalization (TEE + PAC, 8.6 days; TEE, 10.3; PAC, 9.1; P = 0.04). The TEE + PAC group also had the lowest 30-day mortality rate (TEE + PAC, n = 1 [1.3%]; TEE, n = 5 [12.8%]; PAC, n = 7 [3.5%]; P = 0.009). However, the TEE + PAC group also had the highest rate of a new postoperative need for dialysis (TEE + PAC, n = 8 [10.3%]; TEE, n = 2 [5.1%]; PAC, n = 1 [0.5%]; P < 0.001). Conclusions Compared with either TEE alone or PAC alone, intraoperative monitoring with TEE + PAC during OLT was associated with the shortest length of hospitalization and lowest 30-day mortality rate. Transplant anesthesiologists should be aware of the potential benefit on patient mortality and hospital length of stay with concurrent intraoperative TEE + PAC monitoring and the increased need for new postoperative dialysis.
Modeling the movement and equilibration of water in the body of ruminants in relation to estimating body composition by deuterium oxide dilution

118 INTRODUCTION 119 METHODS 121 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 125 LITERATURE CITED 157 SECTION V. SIMULATING THE EQUILIBRATION OF WATER IN 160 TISSUES OF SHEEP BY A BLOOD FLOW MODEL ABSTRACT 16
An Open-Source Program (Haplo-ST) for Whole-Genome Sequence Typing Shows Extensive Diversity among Listeria monocytogenes Isolates in Outdoor Environments and Poultry Processing Plants.

ABSTRACT A reliable and standardized classification of Listeria monocytogenes is important for accurate strain identification during outbreak investigations. Current whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based approaches for strain characterization are either difficult to standardize, rendering them less suitable for data exchange, or are not freely available. Thus, we developed a portable and open-source tool, Haplo-ST, to improve standardization and provide maximum discriminatory potential to WGS data tied to a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) framework. Haplo-ST performs whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) for L. monocytogenes while allowing for data exchangeability worldwide. This tool takes in (i) raw WGS reads as input, (ii) cleans the raw data according to user-specified parameters, (iii) assembles genes across loci by mapping to genes from reference strains, and (iv) assigns allelic profiles to assembled genes and provides a wgMLST subtyping for each isolate. Data exchangeability relies on the tool assigning allelic profiles based on a centralized nomenclature defined by the widely used BIGSdb-Lm database. Tests of Haplo-ST’s performance with simulated reads from L. monocytogenes reference strains demonstrated high sensitivity (97.5%), and coverage depths of ≥20× were found to be sufficient for wgMLST profiling. We then used Haplo-ST to characterize and differentiate between two groups of L. monocytogenes isolates derived from the natural environment and poultry processing plants. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified lineages within each group, and no lineage specificity was observed with isolate phenotypes (transient versus persistent) or origins. Genetic differentiation analyses between isolate groups identified 21 significantly differentiated loci, potentially enriched for adaptation and persistence of L. monocytogenes within poultry processing plants. IMPORTANCE We have developed an open-source tool (https://github.com/swarnalilouha/Haplo-ST) that provides allele-based subtyping of L. monocytogenes isolates at the whole-genome level. Along with allelic profiles, this tool also generates allele sequences and identifies paralogs, which is useful for phylogenetic tree reconstruction and deciphering relationships between closely related isolates. More broadly, Haplo-ST is flexible and can be adapted to characterize the genome of any haploid organism simply by installing an organism-specific gene database. Haplo-ST also allows for scalable subtyping of isolates; fewer reference genes can be used for low-resolution typing, whereas higher resolution can be achieved by increasing the number of genes used in the analysis. Our tool enabled clustering of L. monocytogenes isolates into lineages and detection of potential loci for adaptation and persistence in food processing environments. Findings from these analyses highlight the effectiveness of Haplo-ST in subtyping and evaluating relationships among isolates in studies of bacterial population genetics.
Inter-rater reliability of an inertial measurement unit sensor-based posture-matching method: A pilot study

Abstract Posture quantification is important for analyzing trunk and upper extremity loading and estimating the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study introduced an inertial measurement unit sensor-based posture-matching (ISPM) method. The ISPM method is the concept that involves observers wearing sensors and simulating postures in photos or videos obtained at job sites to assess the postural risks for the trunk and upper extremity. We tested the inter-rater reliability of the method in 4 novice observers. For the trunk, shoulder/elbow, and wrist joint angle category, weighted kappa scores were 0.89, 0.52, and 0.26, respectively. The results of the ISPM method indicated moderate or high inter-rater reliability for trunk flexion, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, and elbow flexion. The ISPM method was more reliable than conventional observation-based posture assessment tools used for trunk posture analyses. However, the assessment of upper extremity angles indicated that the reliability of ISPM was lower than that of conventional observation-based posture assessment tools. This was a proof-of-concept study conducted using a few samples. Therefore, further testing is necessary to support the findings. Relevance to industry The ISPM method requires a minimal level of training. It uses conventional video recording and imposes almost no interruptions to the workers’ performance. The ISPM method showed moderate inter-rater reliability for the trunk, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, and elbow flexion during the joint angle analysis.
Transection of lung as rare complication of pigtail catheter placement

Pigtail catheters and chest tubes are commonly used for effective resolution of pneumothoraces and drainage of simple pleural effusions. Given their small calibers, better flexibility and more ease at the time of insertion, pigtail catheters are associated with lower risks of complications when compared to traditional chest tubes. Commonly reported complications of the pigtail catheters include the higher probability for clogging, kinking, and obstruction. Rare complications as air embolism, penetration of the heart and transection of the lungs are seldom reported in the literature. We present a case of an 81-year-old female presented with covid-19 pneumonia who developed bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces requiring bilateral pigtail insertion. The patient developed worsening hypoxia and chest imaging revealed that the left pigtail was transected into the lung parenchyma. With this case report, we hope to bring to light a rare complication of pigtail placement.
Occurrence and timing of advanced care discussions in recurrent ovarian cancer patients participating in clinical trials remain to be optimized

Objectives: In women with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC), advanced care planning (ACP) such as advanced directives (AD), code status, and timely hospice referral should be addressed. In a high-volume, clinical trial focused cancer center, treatment with novel potentially life-prolonging therapies may alter timing of discussions. Our study compares patterns of ACP between trial and non-trial recurrent OC patients. Methods: All patients ≥18 years who were treated at a single institution for the diagnosis of OC during the year of 2015 and had ever recurred were reviewed. Patients who ever (n=84) versus never (n=41) participated in a therapeutic clinical trial (CT) were compared. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and 2 sided t-tests or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests compared demographic data and ACP variables of interest using an α = 0.05. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) adjusted by CT participation, age, and Charlson comorbidity index. Results: A total of 125 patients were identified, and 84 (67%) participated in CTs. Cohorts were similar in age, BMI, insurance status, and histopathologic characteristics. Median time to follow up after first recurrence was 856 days in trial patients vs 308 days in non-trial patients (p Download : Download high-res image (331KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: The time between the recurrence and code status discussions was significantly longer in CT participants, and ACP discussions occurred typically during or after a trial. ACP occurred more frequently when patients were referred to palliative or supportive care referral, independent of participation in either late phase or phase 1 CT. Prioritizing ACP and supportive care referral, especially in CT participants, may improve these rates and optimize end of life care.
Signatures of Quantum Interference in the Time Dependence of Charge Transfer in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Molecules

Numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is combined with a statistical procedure for analyzing the time-dependent probability density to look for signatures of quantum phase i...
Margaret Atwood and the Female Bildungsroman

Contents: Part 1 Margaret Atwood and the Canadian Female Bildungsroman: The coming of age of the female Bildungsroman Progress, identity and the Canadian imaginative landscape: cultural and critical contexts. Part 2 A Canadian Literary Apprenticeship: Atwood's Early Fiction: The Canadian bildungsroman: the 'birth of a nation' in The Nature Hut and Surfacing Digesting the female bildungsroman: consuming fictions in The Edible Woman and Lady Oracle. Part 3 Towards Maturity: Atwood's Later Novels: Canadian afterlives: the power and pleasure of storytelling in The Robber Bride and Alias Grace Keeping secrets, telling lies: fictions of the artist and author in Cat's Eye and The Blind Assassin Full circle: the chaos of living in Moral Disorder Postscript New departures: the life and times of the contemporary Canadian female bildungsroman Conclusions Works cited Index.
Poverty and Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Adolescence

Situating Socioeconomic Disadvantage Within the Context of Adolescent Development: A Life Course Perspective Mental Health Educational Achievement Future Orientation Delinquency Adolescent Employment Directions for Future Research Keywords: poverty; socioeconomic disadvantage; psychosocial stressors; mental health ; educational achievement; future orientation; adolescent employment; parenting; schooling; neighborhood influences
Thermal Denaturation of the Na,K-ATPase Provides Evidence for α-α Oligomeric Interaction and γ Subunit Association with the C-terminal Domain *

Thermal denaturation can help elucidate protein domain substructure. We previously showed that the Na,K-ATPase partially unfolded when heated to 55 °C (Arystarkhova, E., Gibbons, D. L., and Sweadner, K. J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 8785–8796). The β subunit unfolded without leaving the membrane, but three transmembrane spans (M8-M10) and the C terminus of the α subunit were extruded, while the rest of α retained its normal topology with respect to the lipid bilayer. Here we investigated thermal denaturation further, with several salient results. First, trypsin sensitivity at both surfaces of α was increased, but not sensitivity to V8 protease, suggesting that the cytoplasmic domains and extruded domain were less tightly packed but still retained secondary structure. Second, thermal denaturation was accompanied by SDS-resistant aggregation of α subunits as dimers, trimers, and tetramers without β or γ subunits. This implies specific α-α contact. Third, the γ subunit, like the C-terminal spans of α, was selectively lost from the membrane. This suggests its association with M8-M10 rather than the more firmly anchored transmembrane spans. The picture that emerges is of a Na,K-ATPase complex of α, β, and γ subunits in which α can associate in assemblies as large as tetramers via its cytoplasmic domain, while β and γ subunits associate with α primarily in its C-terminal portion, which has a unique structure and thermal instability.
Genetic control of human NK cell repertoire

Through differential killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) and CD94:NKG2 gene expression, human NK cells generate diverse repertoires, each cell having an inhibitory receptor for autologous HLA class I. Using a new method for measuring repertoire difference that integrates multiple flow cytometry parameters, we found individual repertoire stability, but population variability. Correlating repertoire differences with KIR and HLA genotype for 85 sibling pairs reveals the dominant influence of KIR genotype; HLA genotype having a subtle, modulating effect on relative KIR expression frequencies. HLA and/or KIR genotype also influences CD94:NKG2A expression. After HLA-matched stem cell transplantation, KIR repertoires either recapitulated that of the donor or were generally depressed for KIR expression. Human NK cell repertoires are defined by combinations of variable KIR and HLA class I genes and conserved CD94:NKG2 genes.
Meltwater flooding events in the Gulf of Mexico revisited: Implications for rapid climate changes during the last deglaciation

[1] North American freshwater runoff records have been used to support the case that climate flickers were caused by shutdowns of the ocean thermohaline circulation (THC) resulting from reversals of meltwater discharges. Inconsistencies in the documentation of these meltwater switches, however, continue to fuel the debate on the cause/s of the oscillatory nature of the deglacial climate. New oxygen and carbon isotope records from the northern Gulf of Mexico depict in exceptional detail the succession of meltwater floods and pauses through the southern routing during the interval 16 to 8.9 ka (14C years BP; ka, kiloannum). The records underscore the bimodal role played by the Gulf of Mexico as a destination of meltwater discharges from the receding Laurentide Ice Sheet. The evidence indicates that the Gulf of Mexico acted as the principal source of superfloods at 13.4, 12.6, and 11.9 ka that reached the North Atlantic and contributed significantly to density stratification, disruption of ocean ventilation, and cold reversals. Gulf of Mexico lapsed into a “relief valve” position in post-Younger Dryas time, when meltwater discharges were rerouted south at 9.9, 9.7, 9.4, and 9.1 ka, thus temporarily interrupting North Atlantic-bound freshwater discharges from Lake Agassiz. The history of meltwater events in the Gulf of Mexico contradicts the model that meltwater flow via the eastern outlets into the North Atlantic disrupted the ocean THC, causing cooling, while diversions to the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River enhanced THC and warming.
Time-space variability of sea surface temperature and pelagic resources in northern Chile (1987-92)

Satellite data of sea surface temperatures (SST) and fishing information of northern Chile is analyzed for the 1987-92 period, by means of a geographical information system. It is concluded that both the anchovy and the sardine showed distributions significantly associated with the timespace variation of SST.
A Bortezomib-Based Regimen Offers Promising Survival and Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Myeloablative HLA-Mismatched and Unrelated Donor Transplantation: A Phase II Trial

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients lacking HLA-matched related donors have increased graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Bortezomib added to reduced-intensity conditioning can offer benefit in T cell–replete HLA-mismatched HSCT and may also benefit myeloablative conditioning (MAC) transplants. We conducted a phase II trial of short-course bortezomib plus standard tacrolimus/methotrexate after busulfan/fludarabine MAC in 34 patients with predominantly myeloid malignancies. Fourteen (41%) received 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) and 20 (59%) received 7/8 HLA-mismatched related/unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell grafts. Median age was 49 years (range, 21 to 60), and median follow-up was 25 months (range, 11 to 36). The regimen was well tolerated. No dose modifications were required. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 14 (range, 10 to 33) and 17 (range, 10 to 54) days, respectively. Median 30-day donor chimerism was 99% (range, 90 to 100), and 100-day grades II to IV and III to IV acute GVHD incidence was 32% and 12% respectively. One-year chronic GVHD incidence was 50%. Two-year cumulative incidence of both NRM and relapse was 16%. Two-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 70% and 71%, respectively. Outcomes were comparable to an 8/8 MUD MAC cohort (n = 45). Immune reconstitution was robust. Bortezomib-based MAC HSCT is well tolerated, with HLA-mismatched outcomes comparable with 8/8 MUD MAC HSCT, and is suitable for randomized evaluation. (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01323920.)
Safe Simultaneous Use of Sacral Neuromodulation and Vagal Nerve Stimulation.

Introduction The potential for costimulation with competitive effects between implanted electronic devices remains speculative both at the level at the implanted device and with active programming but also at the retrograde site of action. We present a patient with an implanted vagal nerve stimulator for refractory epilepsy who underwent successful staged sacral neuromodulation (SNS) and benefits from both technologies. Case This is a case report of a 42-year-old female patient with a history notable for medically intractable epilepsy, temporal lobectomy, and vagal nerve stimulation who subsequently underwent staged SNS for refractory overactive bladder syndrome. The patient continues to benefit from sustained reduction in her bladder issues and without dimunition of her seizure threshold at 6-month follow-up. Discussion Different action sites for SNS as well as vagal nerve stimulation are possible. The role of the thalamus in continence and seizure activity is reviewed. There does not seem to be an interactive effect during the simultaneous use of these 2 modalities.
Fighter aircraft lateral axis full envelope control law design

A decoupled wide envelope lateral/directional axes control design is presented for a supermaneuverable version of an F-18 aircraft. A control structure is developed that separates gain-scheduling issues from aircraft performance issues. Flight condition dependent state and control effectiveness variations are accounted for by an inner loop controller designed using eigenstructure assignment. Structured singular value synthesis is used to design an implicit model following outer loop controller that addresses flying qualities performance specifications. A control selector is designed that generates lateral/directional aerodynamic and thrust vectoring commands from generalized control inputs of roll and yaw acceleration. Robustness analysis show that the control system performs well despite neglected dynamics and system uncertainties. Nonlinear simulations are presented showing excellent decoupling of roll and yaw responses. >
The relationship of plasma arginine and kidney arginase activity to arginine degradation in chickens.

SHU-HEH W. CHU 2 ANDM. C. NESHEIMDivision of Nutritional Sciences, Savage Hall,Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out to study urea excretion during arginine or ornithine infusion into wing veins of hens previously feddiets that induced different arginase levels in their kidneys. Urea excretionwas found to increase as plasma arginine increased. Hens with high levelsof arginase activity in their kidneys had a greater increase in urea excretionthan hens with low kidney arginase activity. Arginine degradation was alsodependent on both the kidney arginase activity and on the plasma level ofarginine. Ornithine infusion did not inhibit urea excretion even when highlevels of plasma ornithine were reached. Even though ornithine was an invitro inhibitor of arginase, no evidence was obtained of in vivo inhibition,f. Nutr. 109: 1752-1758, 1979.INDEXING KEY WORDSarginine degradationarginine arginase ornithineThe regulation of amino acid degradation can be achieved by regulation of levelof amino acid degrading enzymes presentin liver or other tissues or by changes insubstrate concentration within the body.In the case of some amino acids, changesin activity of enzymes involved in aminoacid degradation are not necessarily accompanied by changes in degradation ofthe amino acid in question. For exampleKim and Miller (1) found that the levelsof tyrosine transaminase activity of ratliver were not indicative of tyrosine degradation as measured by in vivo productionof 14CO2.Kang-Lee and Harper (2), however, have reviewed the relationship between levels of amino acid degradativeenzymes as measured in vitro, with in vivocatabolism of amino acids and concludedthat in most cases reported, an elevatedenzyme level was reflected by greaterdegradation of the amino acid.In chickens the degradation of arginineis carried out by the enzyme arginase,located in the kidney mitochondria (3-6).Since arginine is not synthesized by chickens (3, 4), urea present in chicken urineis a reflection of degradation of dietaryarginine. Chicken kidney arginase activitycan be increased markedly by feedingexcesses of lysine, arginine, ornithine andseveral other amino acids (7-9), or theenzyme activity in chicken kidney can bemarkedly reduced by including a-amino-isobutyric acid in diets for chickens (8,10). These changes in arginase activity aregenerally accompanied by changes in ureaexcretion (8).The experiments reported here were intended to investigate the relative importance of the level of arginase activity inchicken kidney on the degradation ofarginine in vivo and also to investigate therelationship between plasma amino acidconcentration and arginine degradation.
Reliability of Lactation Assessment Tools Applied to Overweight and Obese Women.

Background:The interrater reliability of lactation assessment tools has not been evaluated in overweight/obese women.Objective:This study aimed to compare the interrater reliability of 4 lactation ...
A simple method for the isolation of a phospholipase A from honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom

Abstract A homogeneous protein having phospholipase A (phosphatidyl acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) activity has been isolated from honeybee venom by a combination of gel permeation chromatography, ultrafiltration and dialysis. The homogeneity was checked by ‘disc’ gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Sedimentation equilibrium, gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide ‘disc’ gel electrophoresis indicate that the isolated phospholipase A has a molecular weight of 18,500±500. The enzyme is activated by Ca2+ in the absence of deoxycholate and is inhibited by Ca2+ in the presence of deoxycholate. Sodium fluoride, Zn2+, Mg2+, and N-ethyl maleimide inhibited the enzyme in the absence of deoxycholate.
The Third Science War

The ‘Science Wars’ of the 1990s, whose central moment was the Sokal hoax, was understood to be ‘political’, but it was never quite clear what the political issue was. Two recent books, James Robert Brown’s Who Rules in Science?(2001) and Phillip Kitcher’s Science, Truth, and Democracy(2001), attempt in different ways to reflect on and extend the discussion from a ‘Left’ perspective. Brown argues Sokal’s case from a perspective of philosophical rationalism and anti-naturalism. Kitcher’s argument is that the aim of science is significant truth, and significance is a valuative notion. Explanation is relative to interests or values. But this does not mean that truth does not matter, or that the world has no influence on what we believe - the two considerations, significance and truth, interact and co-evolve. If this is true, how science is governed, and particularly what is studied, make a difference. A well-ordered science would be one in which decisions about what is studied would be both wise and democrati...
Probing Multicellular Dynamics in Xenopus Laevis Embryonic Development Using a Mechanical Engineering Based Microfluidic Feedback Approach

Spatial and temporal regulation of chemical environments in and around cells or tissues for long time periods is important to understand multicellular signaling since the responses to chemical factors control the resulting coordinated events in development. Although progress has been made in command of single cell environments, both long-term and high-speed control of multicellular chemical environments in development is still challenging. We have developed a mechanical engineering based microfluidic feedback approach that allows long-term and high-speed manipulation of a laminar flow interface in a microfluidic channel. This approach enabled long-term spatiotemporal control of chemical conditions over Animal Cap (AC) explants during the gastrulation stage in Xenopus laevis embryonic development. We present the responses of the explants to periodic stimulation of steroid hormone dexamethasone (DEX) by tracking a hormone-activated nuclear-localizing green fluorescent protein tagged glucocorticoid receptor (nuc-GR-GFP). We believe that our approach will be useful in diverse areas including dynamic system and control in microfluidics, embryonic development, and spatiotemporally integrated biological responses.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
On ferroelectric crystals with engineered domain configurations

Abstract This paper examines the engineered domain configurations and the macroscopic properties of ferroelectric crystals using an energy minimization theory. The energy minimizing domain configurations have been constructed, and their macroscopic properties have been calculated and compared well with experiments. The optimal domain configurations have also been identified.
Analytic fitting to the mott cross section of electrons

Abstract A fitting formula and a set of fitting coefficients for the ratio σ M /σ r of the Mott cross section to Rutherford cross section are presented, which, with a demand for the average error less than 1.0% (as compared with the rigorous numerical value of σ M /σ R ), reproduce the values in wide ranges of energy (from several keV to 900 MeV) and target atomic number (from 1 to 90). The fitting formula is conveniently applicable to the relevant physical problems that require this ratio as the input data.
Bond lattice or excitation model analysis of the configurational entropy of molecular liquids

Abstract The temperature dependence of the configurational entropy Sc for 16 molecular liquids plus the elemental liquid Se in the temperature range between the glass transition temperature and the melting point has been analyzed using the bond lattice or excitation model. The model contains three adjustable parameters – the excitation enthalpy ΔH0 and entropy ΔS0 for the excitable degrees of freedom, plus the number n of excitable degrees of freedom per molecule. The model gives a reasonably accurate fit to the temperature dependence of Sc for all 17 liquids, providing something of a resolution to the Kauzmann paradox. Not unexpectedly, however, the model falls somewhat short of matching precisely the temperature dependence of the excess liquid heat capacity ΔCP. The parameter n obtained from the fits shows a positive correlation with the number of conformational degrees of freedom f assessed from the structures of the molecules, providing some insight into the sources of the configurational entropy at the molecular level. In addition, it is found that the parameter n controls the shape of the Sc vs T curve, providing, via the Adam–Gibbs equation, some correlation between the molecular structures and the kinetic fragilities m of the liquids.
Social media communications networks and pharmacovigilance: SequelAE-2.0

We discuss a system for tracking a patient's response during a clinical trial or post-marketing survey that leverages social media and other Internet-based sharing technologies. The system has many modalities. This work-in-progress paper describes a modality where an informational item is posted to a social media platform, inducing patients to post trial-related responses. The system aggregates the patient's responses and other environmental information to obtain deeper knowledge related to the trial or post-marketing survey, sooner than would be possible using traditional methods.
Leukotriene C elicits a prolonged excitation of cerebellar Purkinje neurons

Abstract Leukotriene C-1 (LTC-1), a recently characterized potent agonist in bioassays for the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), was tested for electrophysiological effects on central neurons. LTC-1 consistently elicited a unique prolonged excitatory action on cerebellar Purkinje (P) cells when administered locally by pressure ejection from a multibarreled micropipette. This excitation could be reversed by subsequent pressure ejection of FPL 55712 (FPL), as SRS-A endorgan antagonist. Prior application of FPL prevented the LTC-1-induced responses altogether. Heat-inactivated LTC-1 had no effect on P cell discharge. These data suggest that LTC-1, as has been recently found with many other peripherally acting neurohormones, may also function to regulate excitability of central neurons.
The effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on gastric emptying in cats.

There continues to be disagreement regarding the effects of ethanol on gastric emptying. This study was designed to assess different degrees of ethanol exposure on gastric emptying. Scintigraphic gastric emptying studies were performed in healthy adult cats and the half time (t 1/2) of gastric emptying was obtained from each study. Repeat measures of gastric emptying were again obtained in these cats under the conditions of both acute and chronic ethanol exposure and 24 hr following ethanol withdrawal. Gastric emptying half times were prolonged significantly during acute and chronic exposure to ethanol. The mean value for t 1/2 under control conditions was 46.46 min, while for acute and chronic exposure to ethanol the mean t 1/2 values were 69.34 and 91.33 min, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated a similar delay in gastric emptying during active withdrawal from alcohol (t 1/2=70). We conclude that both acute and chronic alcohol exposure significantly delay gastric emptying.
Design and Fabrication of an Arm Exoskeleton for Aim Stabilization

Accurately aiming and firing a pistol requires a steady hand. While many devices can steady a shooter’s arm or hand by restricting movement or degrees-of-freedom, few devices actively reduce involuntary tremors while allowing larger voluntary aiming movements. This paper details the design and fabrication of an arm exoskeleton that can actively damp arm tremors while allowing voluntary aiming movements. The device allows five degrees-of-freedom and is very lightweight due to its cable-driven architecture and use of carbon fiber composite materials. Tremorous movement is filtered out from voluntary motion, and an adaptive algorithm provides a tremor-cancelling signal to the cable control motors.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A review of the concrete consolidation by vibration

This paper reports on the current state of the prime method used for consolidation of concrete, namely the vibration. In addition to a relative completeness, the main contribution of this paper lies in the unified, systematic organization of the presently available but scattered and sometimes contradicting findings on the vibration of concrete. After the brief description of the characteristics of the simple harmonic motion, the most common types of internal and external vibrators are presented along with their technical parameters, as well as the proper selection and application of vibrators. This is followed by the description of the behavior of the fresh concrete under vibration, and theoretical discussion of the mechanism of liquefaction of concrete.
Monkey Biz-ness (Down in Tennessee)

ABSTRACT At the Center for Popular Music, Middle Tennessee State University, a collection of sheet music inspired by the John T. Scopes “Monkey” Trial and the related evolution controversy was digitized for inclusion in the Volunteer Voices digital library project. Under current statutes, works published prior to 1923 are now in the public domain. The majority of the pieces being scanned for this project, however, had copyright dates of 1925, the year of the trial. In addition to outlining the digitization process, this article details the steps taken, resources used, and lessons learned while attempting to determine the copyright status of those musical works. Also included is a brief overview of the Center for Popular Music and its collections.
Oxidative Cyclization Reactions: Amide Trapping Groups and the Synthesis of Furanones

Intramolecular anodic coupling reactions involving ketene dithioacetal radical cations and amide trapping groups have been examined. The reactions generate furanone products and benefit greatly from the addition of water to the reaction medium. The cyclization reactions lead to products having stereochemistry that is directly analogous to oxidative cyclization reactions utilizing ketene dithioiacetal radical cations and alcohol trapping groups.
Can cognitive neuroscience illuminate the nature of traumatic childhood memories

Abstract Recent findings from cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology may help explain why recovered memories of trauma are sometimes illusory. In particular, the notion of defective source monitoring has been used to explain a wide range of recently established memory distortions and illusions. Conservely, the results of a number of studies may potentially be relevant to forgetting and recovery of accurate memories, including studies demonstrating reduced hippocampal volume in survivors of sexual abuse, and recovery from functional and organic retrograde amnesia. Other recent findings of interest include the possibility that state-dependent memory could be induced by stress-related hormones, new pharmacological models of dissociative states, and evidence for ‘repression’ in patients with right parietal brain damage.
Cardiac Management in Neuromuscular Diseases

This article addresses the pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options in the more common forms of muscular dystrophy, especially those seen in pediatric and young adult populations. The major emphasis is on the dystrophinopathies because their treatment options are templates for those used in various other forms of dystrophy. Most patients with cardiomyopathy are treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, with other agents added as the disease progresses. Destination therapies and transplantation options are mentioned where appropriate. Some dystrophies can have significant conduction abnormalities requiring pacemaker treatment. Others with ventricular tachydysrhythmias may necessitate internal cardiac defibrillator placement.
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits renal injury in the absence of neutrophils

α - Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits neutrophil-independent renal injury . Background We previously showed that α -melanocyte stimulating hormone ( α -MSH) decreases ischemia/reperfusion injury even when started six hours after ischemia. α -MSH inhibits both neutrophil accumulation and nitric oxide production. To determine the relative importance of α -MSH on the neutrophil pathway, we examined the effects of α -MSH in injury models where neutrophil effects are minimal or absent. Methods We studied the effects of α -MSH in ( 1 ) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) knock-out and background mice that were subjected to 40minutes of ischemia and 24hours reperfusion, and ( 2 ) isolated kidneys that were subjected to in vivo ischemia for 20minutes and then perfused ex vivo for one hour without neutrophils. To begin to search for direct tubule effects of α -MSH, we studied the effect of α -MSH on nitric oxide (NO) in endotoxin/interferon-γ-treated mouse cortical tubule cells. Results ICAM-1 knock-out mice had 75% less neutrophil infiltration than background mice after ischemia. Despite the relative lack of neutrophils, α -MSH inhibited renal injury in ICAM-1 knock-out mice. α -MSH also significantly preserved GFR and tubular sodium reabsorption in the isolated perfused ischemic kidney model. α -MSH and a nitric oxide inhibitor did not exhibit synergy. Finally, α -MSH inhibited nitrite production by 20% in the mouse cortical tubule cells (MCT), similar to parallel observations in a cultured mouse macrophage line (RAW cells). Conclusions We conclude that α -MSH decreases renal injury when neutrophil effects are minimal or absent, indicating that α -MSH inhibits neutrophil-independent pathways of renal injury. The preservation of sodium absorption ex vivo and inhibition of nitrite production in cultured MCT cells suggests that α -MSH inhibits tubular injury by direct tubular effects.