cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and Caloric Dissipation in Simple Shearing of A Maxwellian Gas

In the preceding lecture “gross rest” was defined as a condition of the kinetic gas in which the moments of all orders are spatially homogeneous. Considering a mass subject to no body force, we saw that the equations of transfer for the moments of the molecular-density function reduced for a Maxwellian gas to a system of ordinary differential equations which could be integrated explicitly, one after the other.
A Thermocouple Device for Determination of Average Surface Temperature

A thermocouple-based device for the measurement of average surface temperature is described. The device requires the measurement of only two emfs and yields the average temperature over the entire surface instrumented with the device. It consists of a single (normal) thermocouple and a thermopile-like element which performs the averaging. A particular use of the device is described to illustrate its utility.
Service as a female naval officer: Implications for aging?

Abstract An ex-post facto research design was employed comparing 241 female ex-naval officers to a group of 96 women who were their peers at the time they entered the Navy in World War II. Various psychological and sociological dimensions were compared in order to assess the impact of naval officer service. Data was gathered on status, goal attainment, family history, social participation, sex role effects, self-esteem, timing of life events, and financial situation. The former naval officers are all over 66 years of age: strategies and coping skills learned in the Navy may enable them to make a better adjustment to the aging process. The research addresses the question of the usefulness of military service as a bridging environment by providing skills leading to enhanced life satisfaction in the later years.
STRESS FRACTURES: GENERAL CONCEPTS

This article is an overview of the general concepts about stress fractures, including history, epidemiology, and cause. The proper diagnosis, confirmation studies, and treatment regimens are presented. Finally, the timing of the athlete's return to sports, with stress fracture prevention measures are reviewed.
Bronchoprotective Effects of Single Doses of Salmeterol Combined With Montelukast in Thermally Induced Bronchospasm

Study objectives: Salmeterol (S) and montelukast (M) individually inhibit the obstructive consequences of thermal stimuli such as exercise and hyperventilation (HV), but there is no information on whether these drugs can interact positively. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: University teaching hospital. Participants: Atopic asthmatic patients with sensitivity to thermal provocations. Interventions: Eleven asthmatic patients generated stimulus-response curves to isocapnic HV while breathing frigid air without any interventions and then after pretreatment with 42 go f S, 10 mg of M, and the combination. The order of testing was randomly determined.
Small Molecule ErbB Inhibitors Decrease Proliferative Signaling and Promote Apoptosis in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is a negative prognostic indicator. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target BCR/ABL, such as imatinib, have improved treatment of Ph+ALL and are generally incorporated into induction regimens. This approach has improved clinical responses, but molecular remissions are seen in less than 50% of patients leaving few treatment options in the event of relapse. Thus, identification of additional targets for therapeutic intervention has potential to improve outcomes for Ph+ALL. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) is expressed in ∼30% of B-ALLs, and numerous small molecule inhibitors are available to prevent its activation. We analyzed a cohort of 129 ALL patient samples using reverse phase protein array (RPPA) with ErbB2 and phospho-ErbB2 antibodies and found that activity of ErbB2 was elevated in 56% of Ph+ALL as compared to just 4.8% of Ph−ALL. In two human Ph+ALL cell lines, inhibition of ErbB kinase activity with canertinib resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of an ErbB kinase signaling target p70S6-kinase T389 (by 60% in Z119 and 39% in Z181 cells at 3 µM). Downstream, phosphorylation of S6-kinase was also diminished in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (by 91% in both cell lines at 3 µM). Canertinib treatment increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim by as much as 144% in Z119 cells and 49% in Z181 cells, and further produced caspase-3 activation and consequent apoptotic cell death. Both canertinib and the FDA-approved ErbB1/2-directed TKI lapatinib abrogated proliferation and increased sensitivity to BCR/ABL-directed TKIs at clinically relevant doses. Our results suggest that ErbB signaling is an additional molecular target in Ph+ALL and encourage the development of clinical strategies combining ErbB and BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors for this subset of ALL patients.
Validity of Multiple Ratings of Business Student Performance in a Management Simulation.

This study examined the reliability and validity of assessor, peer, and self-ratings of management skills. The sample was made up of 261 undergraduate business students at a large midwestern university. An assessment center process was used to examine the skills of students in a management skills course using the Looking Glass simulation. Assessors were graduate students and faculty. This study found a lack of convergent and divergent validity in assessor-peer ratings and assessor–self-ratings. However, convergent and divergent validity were found in self-peer ratings. The conclusion is that peer and self-ratings may be very useful sources for developmental information under conditions of rater anonymity and when organizational rewards are not at stake.
Comparison of hemodynamics between norwood procedure and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt for single right ventricle patients

Objective: Despite that surgical outcomes of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome have improved, one of the problems remaining is the high interstage mortality after a stage I Norwood procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic characteristics of hypoplastic left heart syndrome after a Norwood procedure. We examined the perioperative hemodynamic differences of the staged operation between the first stage of the Norwood procedure and systemic pulmonary shunt for single right ventricle patients. Methods: Data from 39 patients who underwent a Norwood procedure (right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit: 19, Blalock‐Taussig shunt, 20) were analyzed. There were nine early and seven interstage deaths. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was performed in 15 patients and the Fontan procedure in 9 (group H). We defined the control group as 26 patients who underwent the first stage of a systemic pulmonary shunt for a single ventricle. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was performed in 14 patients and the Fontan procedure in 8 (group C). We compared the perioperative hemodynamics of the staged operation between the two groups. Results: Cardiothoracic ratio and single ventricular diastolic dimension before bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt were acutely increased in group H (PZ0.02, !0.001). There was no significant difference between the two different types of Norwood procedures. The pulmonary artery index for the right heart bypass operation was lower in group H than in group C (P!0.001). Oxygen saturation before bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in group H decreased (P!0.001) and thus was lower than that in group C( PZ0.003). Mortality and the postoperative clinical parameters of the right heart bypass operation were not different between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome showed hemodynamic instability of acutely increased cardiothoracic ratio, and single ventricular diastolic dimension despite decreased oxygen saturation interstage after stage I of a Norwood procedure. This suggests that this hemodynamic characteristics in hypoplastic left heart syndrome correlates with the higher mortality before second stage palliation than in found with single right ventricle patients. Q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
From Power to Action.

Three experiments investigated the hypothesis that power increases an action orientation in the power holder, even in contexts where power is not directly experienced. In Experiment 1, participants who possessed structural power in a group task were more likely to take a card in a simulated game of blackjack than those who lacked power. In Experiment 2, participants primed with high power were more likely to act against an annoying stimulus (a fan) in the environment, suggesting that the experience of power leads to the performance of goal-directed behavior. In Experiment 3, priming high power led to action in a social dilemma regardless of whether that action had prosocial or antisocial consequences. The effects of priming power are discussed in relation to the broader literature on conceptual and mind-set priming.
Expression of Human Papilloma Virus E7 Protein Causes Apoptosis and Inhibits DNA Synthesis in Primary Hepatocytes via Increased Expression of p21Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6

The impact of human papilloma virus (HPV16) E7 proteins and retinoblastoma (RB) antisense oligonucleotides upon mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis via p21Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6 (p21) was determined in primary hepatocytes. Prolonged activation of the MAPK pathway in p21+/+ or p21−/− hepatocytes caused a large decrease and increase, respectively, in DNA synthesis. Either transfection with RB antisense oligonucleotides, expression of wild type E7, or RB binding mutant E7 (C24S) proteins increased p21 levels and reduced DNA synthesis in p21+/+ hepatocytes. RB antisense oligonucleotides and E7 proteins increased apoptosis in p21+/+, but not p21−/−, hepatocytes. Expression of wild type E7 increased DNA synthesis above control levels in p21−/− cells, which was additive with prolonged MAPK activation. In contrast, expression of mutant E7 did not alter DNA synthesis above control levels in p21−/− cells and was supra-additive with prolonged MAPK activation. Antisense ablation of RB in p21−/− hepatocytes had a weak stimulatory effect upon DNA synthesis itself but enhanced the capacity of mutant E7 protein to stimulate DNA synthesis to the same level observed using wild type E7. The ability of prolonged MAPK activation to stimulate DNA synthesis in the presence of mutant E7 and antisense RB was additive. Collectively, the present data demonstrate that loss of RB function together with loss of p21 function plays an important role in the E7- and MAPK-dependent modulation of apoptosis and DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes.
Causal relationships of processes of change and decisional balance: Stage-specific models for smoking

This study, a secondary analysis of prospective data of smokers, tested whether the causal relationships between the processes of change and decisional balance of the transtheoretical model of change (TTM) are stage-specific. It was expected that for smokers in the contemplation stage, higher levels of experiential processing cause the cons of smoking to become more important and the pros of smoking to become less important. In other words, the level of experiential process use was expected to causally influence decisional balance (pros minus cons) for people in the contemplation stage. For ex-smokers in the action stage, when the cons outweigh the pros (cons become more important while pros become less important), they should increase their behavioral process use: decisional balance was expected to causally influence use of behavioral processes. Cross-lagged panels were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that experiential process use has causal predominance over decisional balance for smokers in the contemplation stage. For those in the action stage, however, neither decisional balance nor behavioral process had apparent causal predominance. Mean-level invariance indicates that the contemplation and action stages are different. Further analysis investigated smokers who progressed from contemplation to either preparation or action or from preparation to action. For these smokers who had progressed toward action, decisional balance did causally influence use of behavioral processes. This evidence provides support for the use of the TTM as the basis for planning interventions that target specific stage-dependent causal mechanisms.
Can Holo NMR Chemical Shifts be Directly Used to Resolve RNA–Ligand Poses?

Using a set of machine learning based predictors that are capable of predicting ligand-induced shielding effects on 1H and 13C nonexchangeable nuclei, it was discovered that holo NMR chemical shifts can be used to resolve RNA–ligand poses. This was accomplished by quantitatively comparing measured and predicted holo chemical shifts in conformationally diverse “decoy” pools for three test cases and then, for each, comparing the native pose to the pose in the decoy pool that exhibited the lowest error. For three test cases, the poses in the decoy pools that exhibited the best agreement between measured and predicted holo chemical shifts were within 0.28, 1.12, and 2.38 A of the native poses. Interestingly, the predictors used in this study were trained on a database containing, only, apo RNA data. The agreement between the chemical shift-selected poses and the native NMR poses suggests that the predictors used in this study were able to “learn” general chemical shift-structure relationships from apo RNA dat...
A study of the Northwestern Pacific upper mantle

A fundamental problem of earthquake seismology is the occurrence of the upper mantle low-velocity channel. This study is intended to examine its existence in the upper mantle below the Northwestern Pacific on the basis of body-wave arrivals at a bottom-mounted hydrophone near Wake Island. A comparison of the observed travel times and the Jeffreys-Bullen travel times shows an extreme anomaly in the 21- to 33-degree range for both P and S waves. Assumed linear paths suggest a P -wave-channel upper boundary between 165 km and 185 km, and a lower boundary between 290 km and 542 km. Travel times for P and S waves indicate that the velocities in the channel remain constant at 8.1 km/sec and 4.65 km/sec respectively.
Abstract 045: Endogenous Flow-induced Superoxide Stimulates Na/H Exchange Activity Via PKC In Thick Ascending Limbs

Luminal flow stimulates Na reabsorption along the nephron and endogenous superoxide (O 2 - ) production by thick ascending limbs (TALs). The latter is due to protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Exogenously added O 2 - augments TAL Na reabsorption, a process also dependent on PKC. Luminal Na/H exchange (NHE) and Na/K/2Cl cotransport initiate TAL Na reabsorption. However, the role of endogenously-produced O 2 - in the stimulation of luminal NHE activity by flow, and the signaling pathway involved are unclear. We hypothesized that flow-induced production of endogenous O 2 - stimulates luminal NHE activity via PKC in TALs. Intracellular pH (pH i ) recovery was measured as an indicator of NHE activity in isolated, perfused rat TALs. Addition of the O 2 - scavenger tempol decreased total NHE activity by 39% (0.168 ± 0.035 vs 0.103 ± 0.026 pH i units/min; P n = 4) when luminal flow was 20 nl/min; whereas it had no effect when flow was 5 nl/min (0.131 ± 0.027 vs 0.128 ± 0.027 pH i units/min; n = 5). Using the NHE inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) in the bath to block basolateral NHE so that pH i recovery only reflected flow-enhanced luminal NHE activity, tempol caused a 30% reduction in pH i recovery (0.097 ± 0.018 vs 0.068 ± 0.015 pH i units/min; P n = 6). When these experiments were repeated with the general PKC inhibitor staurosporine, tempol had no effect (0.136 ± 0.018 vs 0.133 ± 0.007 pH i units/min; n = 4). Because PKC could mediate both induction of O 2 - by flow and the effect of O 2 - on luminal NHE activity, we used hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) to elevate O 2 - and examined the role of PKC. HX/XO increased luminal NHE activity by 118% (0.140 ± 0.047 vs 0.305 ± 0.053 pH i units/min; P n = 5); whereas staurosporine blocked this effect (0.134 ± 0.043 vs. 0.125 ± 0.030 pH i units/min; n = 3). The PKCα/β1-specific inhibitor Go 6976 also blunted HX/XO’s effect (HX/XO: 0.072 ± 0.023 vs 0.170 ± 0.035 pH i units/min; P n = 5; HX/XO in presence of Go 6976: 0.116 ± 0.029 vs 0.137 ± 0.025 pH i units/min; n = 5). We conclude that flow-induced O 2 - stimulates luminal NHE activity in TALs via PKCα/β1. This process may account for part of flow-stimulated bicarbonate reabsorption in this nephron segment.
The British Common Reader: Critical Prefaces by Anna Letitia Barbauld

Boaden’s offhand remark — that the difference between Barbauld’s criticism and that of Inchbald stems from family background — is more telling than it may at first seem. As religious Dissenters, the Aikin men were barred from most avenues of formal higher education in England. Yet Boaden is right; they were indeed scholars. To prepare their own clergy and to provide educational opportunities for their adherents, eighteenth-century English Dissenters established separate schools such as Warrington Academy. Though outside the elite channels of education that might culminate at one of the prestigious Anglican universities, Dissenting academies, particularly Warrington, were among the best schools in England. The Reverend John Aikin, Barbauld’s father, a respected Dissenting clergyman committed to theological and classical scholarship, became one of Warrington’s first tutors when the Academy opened in 1757.
Interactive Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on three major pathways critical in the development and maintenance of the vasculature that include TGFβ/BMP, Notch, and FGF and provides examples of cross-talk at the level of gene regulation, inhibitory molecules, and protein–protein interactions of second messengers. FGF and Notch signaling regulate vascular development and remodeling. Genetic models with mutations in the Notch signaling pathway (Notch1, Notch2, Jagged1, HRT2 signaling) or FGF signaling all lead to deficiencies in cardiovascular development. FGF is a major cytokine responsible for neointimal lesion formation following injury, and Notch participates in the maintenance and remodeling of the mature cardiovascular system. FGF2 induces expression of Jagged1 during in vitro angiogenesis, and stimulates Notch4 transcription in endothelial cells by enhancing AP-1 and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the Notch4 promoter. Notch expression is positively regulated by FGF, however FGF-dependent regulation of the Notch pathway can also be negative. FGF signaling induces the expression of the hes-related gene hey 13.2, which is required for periodic repression of Notch-regulated hey1 and hey7 genes. There are significant instances of interpathway cross-talk involving FGF, Notch, and TGFβ. Ras activation, acting via the Erk MAP kinases, phosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3 at sites that are separate from the TGFβ receptor phosphorylation sites. This event overcomes the growth inhibitory response to TGFβ in Ras-transformed cells. Bi-directional signaling through the Notch ligand Delta-like1 (Dll1) converges on Smad signaling. The transmembrane form of Dll1 is proteolytically processed, and the Dll1 intracellular domain (Dll1-ICD) can localize in the nucleus. Dll1-ICD binds Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4, and promotes Smad3-dependent activation of CAGA-Luc reporters.
Factors Associated with Knee Stiffness following Surgical Management of Multiligament Knee Injuries.

Postoperative knee stiffness can influence outcomes following operative treatment of multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient and surgical factors that may potentially contribute to stiffness following surgery for MLKIs. All surgically managed MLKIs involving two or more ligaments over a 10-year period at a single level one trauma center were included in this study. A retrospective review was performed to gather objective data related to the development of knee stiffness after surgery. Patients were classified as “stiff” postoperatively if they (1) had a flexion contracture greater than 10 degrees, (2) failed to reach 120 degrees of flexion at final follow-up, or (3) underwent a manipulation under anesthesia with or without arthroscopic lysis of adhesions to improve range of motion. Patient and surgical factors were evaluated systematically to determine factors associated with stiffness. The mean age of the cohort was 27.6 years at the time of surgery and mean follow-up was 50 weeks. Overall, 26/121 (21.5%) knees were diagnosed with postoperative stiffness. In the acute postoperative phase, 17 patients underwent manipulation under anesthesia. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, associated injuries, mechanism, external fixation use or surgical timing (acute vs. chronic) between stiff and normal knees. Factors associated with the development of postoperative stiffness included knee dislocation (p = 0.04) and surgical intervention on three or more ligaments (p = 0.04). Careful attention to postoperative rehabilitation regimens should be given to patients with knee dislocations and/or those undergoing reconstruction or repair of three or more injured ligaments. Surgeons may utilize spanning external fixation if necessary without increasing the rate of long-term stiffness. Further, acute surgery does not appear to influence rates of postoperative stiffness or the need for manipulation.
Lamoka, a Variety with Excellent Chip Color Out of Cold Storage and Resistance to the Golden Cyst Nematode

Lamoka is a white-skinned, white-fleshed potato variety notable for excellent chip color from cold storage, good yield and specific gravity, and resistance to both common scab and race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). It was selected from a cross made at Cornell University in 1998 between NY120 and NY115. The tubers are round-oblong and slightly flattened, with shallow eyes and relatively smooth skin. Chip color out of cold storage is better than ‘Snowden’. Marketable yield averaged 90% of Snowden across 95 trials in New York, Pennsylvania and Maine, while specific gravity averaged 0.003 less than Snowden. Lamoka was released by the New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 2011.
Death In Complete Remission Among Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Preventable Problem?

Abstract Abstract 2710 Background: Significant advances in the treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS) have improved their outcome. Mortality among patients with newly diagnosed AML and HR-MDS is mainly attributed to persistent disease (i.e., failure to achieve or loss of complete remission [CR]), infectious and other complications during induction chemotherapy. However, a small but significant proportion of patients die in CR. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of death in AML and HR-MDS patients in CR and to analyze the associated risk factors. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients with newly diagnosed AML, APL and HR-MDS who received induction chemotherapy at the Department of Leukemia at MD Anderson from January 2000 to December 2009. Results: During the study period, 2156 patients were treated. One thousand one hundred fifty patients achieved CR for an overall CR rate of 53%. Among them, 114 patients (10%) died in CR. The median time from achievement of CR to death was 5.3 months (range, 0.2 – 79). There was a decline in the rate of death in CR over the 10 years of analysis reported (p=0.010). [Table 1] Table 1 . Death in complete remission by year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Died in CR/CR (%) 13/101(13) 14/119(12) 17/123(14) 7/102(7) 19/125(15) 17/136(13) 13/120(11) 7/117(6) 4/100(4) 3/107(3) Information about the causes of death in 35 patients (31%) was not available. The most frequent causes of death in the remaining 79 patients were infections (27%); SCT-related complications (19%); relapse of prior malignancy (8%); hemorrhage (4%); multi-organ failure (4%); and others (9%). Among patients who died in CR, 105 (92%) had AML and 9 high-risk MDS, 60% were female, and the median age was 64 years (range 21–86). Forty-two patients (37%) had history of a prior malignancy, 22% had received previous chemotherapy (for other malignancies), and 20% prior radiotherapy. Sixty-eight percent received high-dose cytarabine-containing regimen for induction therapy, 92% achieved CR after one cycle of chemotherapy, with a median of 33 days (range 21–152) to achievement of CR. Nineteen percent underwent stem cell transplantation while in CR. In comparison to patients who did not die in CR, patients who died in remission were significantly older at the time of diagnosis [64 vs. 57 years, p Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that older age (p Conclusion: Death in CR affects a significant number of patients with AML, with older patients with poor performance status having the highest probability of dying in CR, particularly from infections. Special attention should be put to these patients to minimize their risk of death in CR to improve their long term outcome. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Augmenting wikipedia-extraction with results from the web

Not only is Wikipedia a comprehensive source of quality information, it has several kinds of internal structure (e.g., relational summaries known as infoboxes), which enable selfsupervised information extraction. While previous efforts at extraction from Wikipedia achieve high precision and recall on well-populated classes of articles, they fail in a larger number of cases, largely because incomplete articles and infrequent use of infoboxes lead to insufficient training data. This paper explains and evaluates a method for improving recall by extracting from the broader Web. There are two key advances necessary to make Web supplementation effective: 1) a method to filter promising sentences from Web pages, and 2) a novel retraining technique to broaden extractor recall. Experiments show that, used in concert with shrinkage, our techniques increase recall by a factor of up to 8 while maintaining or increasing precision.
Making Change Happen: The New Mission and Location of Language Departments.

The article discusses the role of language departments at U.S. universities and colleges in innovation through interdisciplinary collaboration, noting the author's work at Mount Holyoke College and Drexel University. Topics include the notion of a crisis in the humanities in U.S. higher education, the facilitation of innovation and advocacy by language departments, and public engagement. Collaboration with higher education administrators is addressed.
EMBRacing Racial Stress and Trauma: Preliminary Feasibility and Coping Responses of a Racial Socialization Intervention:

The goal of this article is to report initial feasibility and coping response data from a pilot study of a new five-session intervention (Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race [EMBRace]) for...
Neural Correlates of Rewarded Response Inhibition in Youth at Risk for Problematic Alcohol Use

Risk for substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor response inhibition and heightened reward sensitivity. During adolescence, incentives improve performance on response inhibition tasks and increase recruitment of cortical control areas (Geier et al., 2010) associated with SUD (Chung et al., 2011). However, it is unknown whether incentives moderate the relationship between response inhibition and trait-level psychopathology and personality features of substance use risk. We examined these associations in the current project using a rewarded antisaccade (AS) task (Geier et al., 2010) in youth at risk for substance use. Participants were 116 adolescents and young adults (ages 12-21) from the University of Pittsburgh of site National Consortium on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol [NCANDA] study, with neuroimaging data collected at baseline and one year follow up visits. Building upon previous work using this task in normative developmental samples (Geier et al., 2010) and adolescents with SUD (Chung et al., 2011), we examined both trial-wise BOLD responses and those associated with individual task-epochs (cue presentation, response preparation, and response) and associated them with multiple substance use risk factors (externalizing & internalizing psychopathology, family history of substance use, and trait impulsivity). Results showed that externalizing psychopathology and high levels of trait impulsivity (positive urgency, SUPPS-P) predicted general decreases in antisaccade performance. Accompanying this main effect of poor performance, positive urgency was associated with reduced recruitment of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in both a priori regions of interest and at the voxelwise level. Consistent with previous work, monetary incentive improved antisaccade behavioral performance and was associated with increased activation in the striatum and cortical control areas. However, incentives did not moderate the association between response inhibition behavioral performance and any trait-level psychopathology and personality factor of substance use risk. Reward interactions were observed for BOLD responses at the task-epoch level, however, they were inconsistent across substance use risk types. The results from this study may suggest poor response inhibition and heightened reward sensitivity are not overlapping neurocognitive features of substance use risk. Alternatively, more subtle, common longitudinal processes might jointly explain reward sensitivity and response inhibition deficits
Reduced serum vitamin D concentrations in healthy early-lactation dairy cattle

Cattle obtain vitamin D by ingestion or cutaneous exposure to UV light. Dairy cattle diets are frequently supplemented with vitamin D to compensate for limited sun exposure or during times of increased metabolic demands, such as the periparturient period, to maintain calcium homeostasis. Whether housing and supplemental vitamin D practices supply adequate amounts of vitamin D to optimally support the transition from gestation to lactation in dairy cattle is unknown. Our objective was to determine how serum vitamin D concentrations of dairy cows change with season, age, parity, and stage of lactation. Clinically healthy cows (n = 183) from 5 commercial dairies were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were collected at dry off, within 7 d of entering the close-up group, and within 7 d after calving (calving+7). Vitamin D status was determined by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by radioimmunoassay. We performed repeated-measures mixed-effects linear regression to determine the effects of season, age, parity, and lactation stage (dry off, close-up, and calving+7) on 25(OH)D concentrations in serum. Bivariable analysis indicated that parity, age, and season were not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Sample period affected 25(OH)D concentrations, with the highest 25(OH)D levels at dry off (99.7 ± 1.9 ng/mL) followed by close up (93.8 ± 2.1 ng/mL), with the lowest levels at calving+7 (82.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL). These data showed a large depletion of 25(OH)D in dairy cattle postpartum compared with late prepartum, although the biological significance of this change in these healthy cattle is unclear. Consumption of serum 25(OH)D by immune system functions and calcium homeostasis in early lactation likely caused the reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations after calving. These results suggest that determining whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with the incidence of transition period disease is an appropriate next step. Assessing the effects of enhanced vitamin D supplementation of cows in early lactation on postpartum diseases may be warranted.
Using Media Literacy to Counter Stereotypical Images of Blacks and Latinos at a Predominantly White University

Media literacy, the critical analysis and deconstruction of media messages, has the potential to promote favorable attitudes toward members of racial minority groups. This study reports on the deve...
Butterfly in the Heart: Infective Endocarditis after MitraClip Procedure.

The MitraClip procedure (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) was introduced in 2003. As of July 2017, >50,000 patients have been treated worldwide.1 Six cases of infective endocarditis (IE) after repair with the MitraClip have been reported.2 Three of the six were caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and two of these patients died. Most of the patients were treated surgically.2, 3 Echocardiography plays a vital role in the diagnosis of IE. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing IE compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).4, 5 We describe a patient who developed IE after MitraClip implantation, showing the importance of the role of echocardiography, especially TEE, after negative results on TTE.
Using Learner Data to Influence Performance during Adaptive Tutoring Experiences

During computer-based tutoring sessions, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) adapt planning and manage real-time instructional decisions. The link between learner data and enhanced performance is the adaptive tutoring learning effect chain through which learner data informs learner state classification which in turn informs optimal instructional decisions to enhance performance. This paper examines the roles and influence of learner data in both short-term (also called run-time or session) and long-term (also called persistent) learner models used to support adaptive tutoring decisions within the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT). To enhance the usability of tutoring systems and learner performance, recommendations for the design of future learner models are also presented.
Pengaruh Service Quality Terhadap Customer Satisfaction dan Customer Loyalty (Studi Kasus Pada LP3I Karang Tengah, Tangerang)

ABSTRACT In the concept of service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is related to each other. The level of service quality which is the discrepancies between customer expectation and perception will affect customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction ensured to affect customer loyalty as well. And the level of service quality determined by a few variables where customer perceived and expected. The research analyzed the existence of correlation and influence between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at LP3I Karang Tengah, Tangerang, Banten Province. Connected with the Research Method , This research is descriptive quantitaTive research by asking responden to fill in the quessionaire that given, The respondena are the students of LP3I Karang Tengah who represent their level and their major. We use purposive sampling technic to collect the data from 155 students of this institution in the period of June 1–July 31, 2009 . The data statistically has been analyzed by SPSS 16. with the 95 % significance degree. The variables which form customer satisfaction in this research are Tangible (X1) , Reliability (X2), Responsiveness (X3) , Assurance (X4) and Emphaty( X5) as Independent Variables that adopted from servqual concept. Meanwhile , Relationship, Partnership and Ownership adopted from locking loyalty concept form customer loyalty( Y) as dependent variable. To know the normality of the data we use One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, and the result indicates the data is normal in distribution.. T-Test is used to test the impact of independent variable to dependent variable partially. The Result, only Tangible (X1) dan X3 (Responsiveness) partally affect significantly to Loyalty (Y). F-Test is used to test the impact of independent variable to dependent variable simultanously. The Result,simultanously, Tangible (X1) , Responsiveness (X3) , Assurance (X4) and Emphaty( X5), affect significantly to Loyalty (Y). Meanwhile The Linier Regression Test resulted R suare 0.77, that indicate all variables of Customer Satisfaction affect 77 % significantly to Customer Loyalty (Y). Keywords ; Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty
Autophagy in crop plants: what's new beyond Arabidopsis?

Autophagy is a major degradation and recycling pathway in plants. It functions to maintain cellular homeostasis and is induced by environmental cues and developmental stimuli. Over the past decade,...
Defending public goods and common-pool resources

Abstract In many real-world social dilemmas the surplus from insider cooperation can be stolen by outsiders. We present experimental evidence of cooperation to create and defend surplus under positive and negative externalities. A decentralized group of insiders created surplus by providing a public good (PG) or managing a common-pool resource (CPR), and used sanctions to deter outsiders from stealing the surplus created by these activities. Our theory predicts that theft would have the same effect on cooperation across settings. Instead, we found that an outside threat had a divergent effect on insider behavior. Surplus creation was significantly higher in the CPR setting, while surplus defense was significantly higher in the PG setting. However, sanctions did not significantly impact outsider behavior in either setting. Our results underscore the need for effective coordination mechanisms to help groups coordinate decisions when facing a shared threat.
"You Never Know Who's Looking at Your Page!": African American Male Adolescents' Perceptions of Emotional Display Rules Online.

Social network sites (SNSs) are a powerful new context for adolescent development. We qualitatively investigate African American adolescent boys' (N = 50, mean age = 15.8) perceptions of emotional display rules on SNSs. We present and discuss a taxonomy of display rules for anger, sadness, embarrassment, and excitement. Perceived display rules around anger and sadness were most notable. Participants' understandings of display rules around anger were complex and varied, with many describing threats of violence as marking the line between acceptable and unacceptable expressions. Although youth stated that expressing sadness via SNS could garner emotional support, this was understood somewhat consistently as unacceptable. Overall, our findings suggest that perceptions of emotional display rules on SNSs are varied, complicated, and can be difficult to navigate.
Electronic Shelf Labeling: An Empirical Investigation of Consumers’ Attitudes Toward a New Technology in Retailing

The supermarket industry is under intense pressure to be more efficient and yet service oriented. One solution may be electronic shelf labeling systems. This study reports the results of an awareness and attitude study conducted with 261 supermarket shoppers with respect to electronic shelf labeling. The data indicate this new technology may be a profitable investment from a financial and consumer attitude perspective.
Implications of a high mass light MSSM Higgs scalar for supersymmetry searches at the LHC

The Atlas and CMS groups have both reported an excess of events in the $W{W}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{E}_{T}^{\mathrm{miss}}$ search channel, which could be the first evidence for the Higgs boson. In the MSSM, the lightest SUSY Higgs scalar $h$ is expected to occur with mass ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\lesssim}135\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, depending on the range of SUSY parameters scanned over. Since the $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W{W}^{*}$ branching fraction falls swiftly with decreasing ${m}_{h}$, a signal in the $W{W}^{*}$ channel would favor an $h$ at the high end of its predicted mass range. We scan over general GUT scale SUSY model parameters to find those which give rise to ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}130\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. A value of ${m}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}10--20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ is favored, with ${A}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2{m}_{0}$, while the lower range of ${m}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ is also slightly favored. This gives rise to an ``effective SUSY'' type of sparticle mass spectrum. For low ${m}_{1/2}$, gluino pairs may be accessible to LHC searches, while for higher ${m}_{1/2}$ values, the SUSY spectra would likely be out of range of LHC reach.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY | Overview

In this chapter, the theory of infrared spectroscopy is given. Transitions between vibrational modes can be induced by IR radiation if there is a change in the molecular electric dipole moment in the course of the vibrational motion. If the sample is in the gas phase, transitions between rotational states can occur at the same time, giving rise to fine structure in the spectrum. The effect of anharmonicity on overtones and combination bands is discussed. In the last part of this entry, a detailed discussion of normal coordinate analysis is given.
The Global Influence of Cloud Optical Thickness on Terrestrial Carbon Uptake

AbstractClouds can modify terrestrial productivity by reducing total surface radiation and increasing diffuse radiation, which may be more evenly distributed through plant canopies and increase eco...
An Ideological Contest in U.S.-China Relations? Assessing China’s Defense of Autocracy

China’s renewed authoritarianism and growing international influence have paralleled democratic erosion in new and established democracies alike. These twin developments have added an ideological valence to growing security and trade tensions in U.S.-China relations. Although there is scant evidence that the Chinese Communist Party is deliberately trying to spread autocracy or defeat democracy, China’s success and influence have made the world safer for autocracy. The essay concludes by considering how U.S. actions might affect Beijing’s calculus and the future of competition between autocracy and democracy.
A rose is a rose is a rose, or not.

In this issue of Blood, Roubinian et al provide important evidence to confirm, and refute, a long-standing maxim in clinical medicine that a 1-unit transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) should yield a posttransfusion hemoglobin increment of 1 g/dL. Although true, in general, this rule was not always accurate, and deviations could be misleading. They evaluated many single-unit transfusion outcomes in stable adult patients by mining electronic health records (EHRs) and linked blood donor data. This approach was not only pragmatic, but it also points the way to future studies.
Structural Features of Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Affecting Radiolytic Stability

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) NU-1000 and UiO-66 are herein exposed to two different gamma irradiation doses and dose rates and analyzed to determine the structural features that affect their sta...
The auxiliary glutamate receptor subunit dSol-1 promotes presynaptic neurotransmitter release and homeostatic potentiation

Presynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs) modulate neurotransmitter release and are physiological targets for regulation during various forms of plasticity. Although much is known about the auxiliary subunits associated with postsynaptic GluRs, far less is understood about presynaptic auxiliary GluR subunits and their functions. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, a presynaptic GluR, DKaiR1D, localizes near active zones and operates as an autoreceptor to tune baseline transmission and enhance presynaptic neurotransmitter release in response to diminished postsynaptic GluR functionality, a process referred to as presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP). Here, we identify an auxiliary subunit that collaborates with DKaiR1D to promote these synaptic functions. This subunit, dSol-1, is the homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans CUB (Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain protein Sol-1. We find that dSol-1 functions in neurons to facilitate baseline neurotransmission and to enable PHP expression, properties shared with DKaiR1D. Intriguingly, presynaptic overexpression of dSol-1 is sufficient to enhance neurotransmitter release through a DKaiR1D-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, dSol-1 is necessary to rapidly increase the abundance of DKaiR1D receptors near active zones during homeostatic signaling. Together with recent work showing the CUB domain protein Neto2 is necessary for the homeostatic modulation of postsynaptic GluRs in mammals, our data demonstrate that dSol-1 is required for the homeostatic regulation of presynaptic GluRs. Thus, we propose that CUB domain proteins are fundamental homeostatic modulators of GluRs on both sides of the synapse.
Assessing the role of race in pathological upstaging of renal cell carcinoma: Results from the National Cancer Database.

Purpose Pathologic upstaging in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is common and confers a significant risk of poor surgical and survival outcomes. Preoperative predictors of upstaging are of great clinical relevance but empirical evidence specific to racial minorities remains scarce. Methods National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis of T3a-specific upstaging among White, African-American, Hispanic and Asian Pacific Islander (API) patients with AJCC cT1N0M0 RCC who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between 2010 and 2015. Independent preoperative predictors of tumour upstaging were identified using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 81 002 patients met the criteria for inclusion (5.6% T3a-specific upstaging). Increased age, increased Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index, clinical stages cT1b and unspecified cT1, and increased Fuhrman nuclear grade were identified as independent risk factors for upstaging. Independent protective factors for upstaging were younger age, female sex, African-American race and papillary, chromophobe, and unspecified RCC histologic subtypes. Significant risk factors and protective factors within individual racial subgroups were highly consistent with those observed in the overall study sample. All independent factors identified on race-specific subgroup analyses were significant in the same direction relative to the overall study sample. Variables found to be non-significant in the overall study sample remained non-significant across all racial subgroup analyses. Conclusion The present study of nationally representative data found no clinically significant differences in upstaging risk across individual racial subgroups relative to the overall study sample. Preoperative factors that can be used to predict pT3a-specific tumour upstaging in CT1N0M0 RCC likely persist across different racial groups.
Metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastasis and beyond

Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT)-local therapy that is intended to eradicate specific metastatic lesions-has hitherto been used with varying degrees of clinical efficacy and acceptance as a meaningful therapy for metastatic disease. Over the past 25 years, however, the momentum for using MDT to manage patients with metastatic solid tumours has increased, driven by several factors. Among these factors is the recognition that patients with limited metastatic burden could potentially derive survival benefits from MDT. Furthermore, although current systemic therapies are increasingly effective, they are infrequently curative. In addition, technological advances have broadened the spectrum of metastatic lesions that can be treated with ablative intent. Here we aim to briefly review the status of evidence for the clinical benefit of MDT based on current data mainly from trials in patients with oligometastatic disease, discuss the myriad of clinical states that might fall under and beyond the definition of oligometastasis, review technological advances in MDT and their applications beyond oligometastasis, and discuss the need for the continued co-evolution of MDT and systemic therapy as we seek to understand which patients with metastatic cancer can achieve durable remission and how to optimally manage those who cannot.