cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heme iron, non-heme iron, and mineral content of blood clams (Anadara spp.) compared to Manila clams (V. philippinarum), Pacific oysters (C. gigas), and beef liver (B. taurus)

Abstract Dietary iron exists as heme and non-heme iron. Heme iron is more bioavailable making it more useful in meeting the RDA. Conversely, heme iron may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is important to know the heme iron content of foods. Clams have been purported to be excellent sources of both heme and non-heme iron. However, there are limited data on iron composition among bivalves. Our objective was to measure mineral composition in commonly consumed bivalves and highlight differences in heme iron content. Manila clams, Pacific oysters, frozen blood clams (A. granosa), canned blood clams, and canned akagai (A. broughtonii) were assayed. Beef liver was included as a reference food rich in heme iron. Heme iron content, expressed as mg/100 g edible portion (EP), ranged from 0.5 ± 0.1 in Manila clams and 0.85 ± 0.03 in Pacific oysters, to 5.8 ± 0.3 in frozen blood clams. Beef liver contained 3.6 ± 0.2 mg/100 g EP. Non-heme iron ranged from 4.5 ± 0.4 in Manila clams to 9.8 ± 0.6 mg/100 g EP in canned blood clams. Most products contained nutritionally high levels (>10% DV) of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn. Pacific oysters and canned blood clams contained potentially toxic levels of Cd if eaten regularly. We conclude that a broader analysis of bivalve products is needed to strengthen food composition databases for heme iron and potentially toxic minerals, and that blood clams would be a more reliable source of bioavailable iron than other bivalves.
Abstract TP459: Higher Coated-Platelet Levels in Patients with Acute Stroke are Associated with Lower Cognitive Performance at 3 Months

Introduction: Coated-platelets, a subset of procoagulant platelets observed upon dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin, support a robust prothrombinase activity and provide a unique m...
Liquid Sensors Based on Enhanced Fabry–Perot Etalons

An optically enhanced Fabry–Perot etalon was demonstrated to accurately measure the refractive index of sugar solutions. The etalon consisted of two silver/SiO2-coated glass substrates separated by a spacer. The semi-transparent silver films of ~15-nm thickness greatly enhanced the interference of light. The SiO2 layer coated on the silver created a hydrophilic surface in addition to protecting the silver from oxidation. The hydrophilic behavior of the SiO2 films together with a capillary action allowed the tested liquids to easily flow into and wet the cavity between the two pieces of glass. Optical spectrophotometer was used to measure the transmission spectra of the etalon with and without a sugar solution. The refractive indices of sugar solutions with different brix concentrations were subsequently determined from the interference peak positions. The results showed a linear response of the refractive index to the brix concentration with a ratio of $\sim 1.7\times 10^{-3}$ refractive index per brix%, making the etalons promising for analyzing specific chemicals in liquids.
Linear and Cyclic Convolution

Linear convolution is one of the most frequent computations carried out in digital signal processing (DSP). The standard method for computing a linear convolution is to use the convolution theorem which replaces the computation by FFT of correspondingsize. In the last ten years, theoretically better convolution algorithms have been developed. The Winograd Small Convolution algorithm [1] is the most efficient as measured by the number of multiplications.
Health IT and inappropriate utilization of outpatient imaging: A cross-sectional study of U.S. hospitals.

Abstract Objective To determine whether the use of information technology (IT), measured by Meaningful Use capability, is associated with lower rates of inappropriate utilization of imaging services in hospital outpatient settings. Research design A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 3332 nonfederal U.S. hospitals using data from: Hospital Compare (2011 outpatient imaging efficiency measures), HIMSS Analytics (2009 health IT), and Health Indicator Warehouse (market characteristics). Hospitals were categorized for their health IT infrastructure including EHR Stage-1 capability, and three advanced imaging functionalities/systems including integrated picture archiving and communication system, Web-based image distribution, and clinical decision support (CDS) with physician pathways. Three imaging efficiency measures suggesting inappropriate utilization during 2011 included: percentage of “combined” (with and without contrast) computed tomography (CT) studies out of all CT studies for abdomen and chest respectively, and percentage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of lumbar spine without antecedent conservative therapy within 60 days. For each measure, three separate regression models (GLM with gamma-log link function, and denominator of imaging measure as exposure) were estimated adjusting for hospital characteristics, market characteristics, and state fixed effects. Additionally, Heckman’s Inverse Mills Ratio and propensity for Stage-1 EHR capability were used to account for selection bias. Principal findings We find support for association of each of the four health IT capabilities with inappropriate utilization rates of one or more imaging modality. Stage-1 EHR capability is associated with lower inappropriate utilization rates for chest CT (incidence rate ratio IRR = 0.72, p-value Conclusions The study offers mixed results. Taken together, the results suggest that the use of Stage-1 Meaningful Use capable EHR systems along with advanced imaging related functionalities could have a beneficial impact on reducing some of the inappropriate utilization of outpatient imaging.
Tip Clearance Influence on Aerodynamic Damping Maps

This paper aims to investigate the influence of tip clearance on aerodynamic damping maps of an oscillating low pressure turbine (LPT) unshrouded blade row. Full-scale time-marching RANS CFD simulations in ANSYS CFX® v.16.2 employing models with 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of span tip clearance are adopted. Tip clearance flow leads to a significant influence on the aerodynamic damping for blade torsion mode shape and least stable IBPA = 45°. No trend in local work coefficient are observed on the suction side, although increasing tip gap leads to a stabilizing trend on the pressure side. Aerodynamic damping maps are constructed for each tip gap. Torsion axes on the forward portion of the airfoil are found to be more stable than its aft counterparts. Bending dominated mode shapes are more stable in the cascade tangential direction. Finally, tip clearance leads to small changes in flutter characteristics for a few pitching axis locations.
Chemical and environmental growth regulation of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in vitro

The need for conservation of biotic diversity is well recognized. However, improved techniques for the efficient, cost effective-preservation of plant germplasm are needed. The conservation and distribution of plant germplasm in vitro is gaining acceptance. However, increased usage is dependent upon the ability of curators to minimize culture maintenance requirements. This report examines the effect of various levels of sucrose, photoperiod, temperature, sorbitol and mannitol on minimal growth storage of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Growth was reduced 50% with a temperature reduction of from 21.1 to 15.6°C. Sucrose concentrations of 15 and 20 g l-1 resulted in reduced plant stature with few adverse effects on plantlet viability or morphology. Reduction of photoperiod from 16 to 4 h produced smaller, slightly chlorotic, but otherwise normal plants. The addition of sorbitol or mannitol to culture media generally produced undesirable effects on gross plant morphology and loss of apical dominance. Genotype x growth retarding treatment interactions were observed for all variables examined.
The role of antibody in herpes simplex virus infection in humans.

This chapter will attempt to critically analyze the role of antibody in the host’s response to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Although the emphasis will be on the human, where relevant, selected animal data will be included.
Drugs acting on the cerebral and peripheral circulations

Abstract The Side Effects of Drugs Annuals (SEDA), first published in 1977, forms a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to drugs are examined. The series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review presents the summary of publications from January 2018 to December 2018 on adverse reactions to drugs that act on the cerebral and peripheral circulations. Additionally, this chapter includes a special review on a newly approved medication for the preventative treatment of chronic and episodic migraines, erenumab-aooe.
Bifrontal Biparietal Cruciate Decompressive Craniectomy in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

BACKGROUND We investigated a novel surgical approach to decompressive craniectomy (DC), the bifrontal biparietal, or "cruciate," craniectomy, in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cruciate DC was designed with a fundamentally different approach to intracranial pressure (ICP) control compared to traditional DC. Cruciate DC involves craniectomies in all 4 skull quadrants. The sagittal and coronal bone struts are disarticulated at the skull to allow the decompression of the sagittal sinus and bridging veins in addition to permitting cerebral expansion, thereby maintaining cranial compliance. OBJECTIVE To characterize ICP control with cruciate DC in pediatric TBI. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of TBI patients who underwent cruciate DC. We investigated mortality and preoperative and postoperative ICP. Group 1 underwent medical therapy prior to DC and Group 2 required immediate DC. RESULTS Fifteen of 18 patients survived. In Group 1, mean preoperative ICP was 18.5 mm Hg and mean postoperative ICP was 11.5 mm Hg. In Group 2, mean preoperative ICP was 27.3 mm Hg and mean postoperative ICP was 15.0 mm Hg. CONCLUSION Cruciate DC was associated with lowering ICP. We observed acute drops in ICP and long-term ICP control. The floating bone struts of the cruciate DC permits the decompression of the sagittal sinus and bridging veins, with maximal relief of cerebral edema.
Practice patterns in arteriovenous fistula ligation among kidney transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data Systems

Abstract Background Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and grafts (AVG) have been associated with significant cardiac morbidity that often improves after ligation. However, AV access ligation after kidney transplant (KT) is controversial due to concern for potential long-term allograft failure. We investigated US trends in AV access ligation after KT and the association between ligation and allograft failure. Methods All adult Medicare patients on pretransplant hemodialysis with a functioning AVF or AVG who underwent first-time KT were studied using the United States Renal Data Systems (January 2011 to December 2013). Post-transplant AV access ligation was determined using current procedural terminology codes. The incidence of post-transplant AV access ligation was described, and characteristics for patients undergoing ligation vs no ligation were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were then used to determine the association of AV access ligation with long-term allograft failure and all-cause mortality after accounting for patient characteristics, donor characteristics, and variation in transplant center practices. Results A total of 16,845 patients with functioning AVF/AVG received a KT during the study period. Of these, 779 (4.6%) underwent post-transplant AV access ligation. The proportion of patients who underwent ligation varied substantially between transplant centers, ranging from 0% (43.0% of centers) to >10% (11.0% of centers). Transplant recipients who underwent access ligation were more likely to be female (40.4% vs 36.6%), had lower median body mass index (27.6 vs 28.4 kg/m2), spent longer on dialysis pretransplant (4.2 vs 4.0 years), and were less likely to have renal failure secondary to diabetes compared with other etiologies (25.0% vs 34.9%) (all, P ≤ .03). Patients who underwent ligation were also more likely to have steal syndrome (77.2% vs 4.1%) and AV access infectious or aneurysmal complications (2.7% vs 0.7%) (both, P Conclusions Post-transplant AV access ligation is uncommon and generally reserved for patients with steal syndrome. Importantly, ligation is not associated with post-transplant allograft failure, which occurs in less than 10% of patients at 3 years. There also appears to be no reduction in all-cause mortality with AV access ligation. These data suggest that AV access ligation after KT can likely be reserved for access-related complications because the systemic benefits appear to be minimal.
The Importance of the Autopsy in Medicine: Perspectives of Pathology Colleagues:

This article presents a perspective on the importance of the autopsy in medical practice and science based on experiences of the authors as physician-scientists involved in autopsy practice. Our perspectives are presented on the seminal contributions of the autopsy in the areas of cardiovascular disease, including congenital heart disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction, and infectious disease, including tuberculosis and viral infections. On the positive side of the future of the autopsy, we discuss the tremendous opportunities for important research to be done by application of advanced molecular biological techniques to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained at autopsy. We also note with concern the countervailing forces impacting the influence of pathology in education and clinical practice at our academic medical centers, which also present impediments to increasing autopsy rates. Our challenge as academic pathologists, whose careers have been molded by involvement in the autopsy, is to counter these trends. The challenges are great but the benefits for medicine and society are enormous.
CLIMATIC SUITABILITY OF SAN JOAQUIN KIT FOX (VULPES MACROTIS MUTICA) DENS FOR SARCOPTIC MANGE (SARCOPTES SCABIEI) TRANSMISSION

More than 460 cases of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (SJKF; Vulpes macrotis mutica) have been reported in Bakersfield, California, US. Because SJKF are a den-obligate species, their dens have been proposed as a route of transmission. We determined whether SJKF den temperatures and humidities could support mite off-host survival based on previously published estimates of off-host mite survival times. We monitored SJKF dens for 6 d in summer and winter of 2017 and 2018 using temperature- and humidity-sensing data loggers placed within the dens. Motion-triggered cameras monitored animal use of and entrances into the dens. Linear regression models were fitted to the published mite survival data to predict estimated mite survival time (EMST) in SJKF dens based on observed mean temperature and humidity of the den. Den covariates including irrigation, type of den, and season were then fitted to a mixed effects linear model to predict EMST. The average EMST across various habitats in Bakersfield was 4.8 d; the longest EMST was 7.1 d for dens in habitats with irrigated grass in the winter. Den climatic conditions in Bakersfield may support off-host mite survival through a timeframe adequate for revisitation by another fox. The finding that irrigation may enhance EMST suggested that risk to foxes varied with den type and that mitigation strategies may need to vary with den types.
Prognostic impact of FGFR1 amplification in patients with early-stage resected squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (SQCLC).

7559 Background: The spectrum and frequency of oncogenes in squamous cell lung cancers (SQCLCs) has recently been defined. Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) occurs in ~20...
Technology, home health care, and heart failure: a qualitative analysis with multiple stakeholders

Home health aides (HHAs) increasingly being used by adults with heart failure for long-term assistance and post-hospitalization care. Despite being heavily involved in numerous aspects of heart failure management, most HHAs have not received heart failure training. They also struggle to get in touch with supervising nurses or other members of the care team when they have clinical questions, which may result in unnecessary visits to the emergency room. In addition, despite serving as a backbone in the health system for patients, HHAs, who are mostly women and minorities, are a marginalized and vulnerable group of frontline caregivers, enduring erratic employment, low wages, discrimination, and high levels of burnout. Although digital technologies could help to address many of the challenges HHAs face, little is known about the current impact of technology on HHAs work practices. To this end, we conducted a multi-stakeholder qualitative study with 38 participants in New York City using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. We uncover the ways in which technology is used, the complex socio-technical factors that underpin heart failure care, and stakeholder suggestions for how technology could improve HHAs work. Building on these insights, we synthesize design opportunities for researchers and designers interested in developing tools that support the delivery of home health care for patients suffering from life-threatening diseases like heart failure.
Translational criminology and its importance in policing: a review

ABSTRACTTranslational criminology is a decision-making perspective that emphasizes the dynamic coproduction of evidence by researchers and practitioners, focusing on obstacles to and facilitators o...
In-situ monitoring of inactivation of Listeria innocua under high hydrostatic pressure using electrical conductivity measurement

Abstract The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on electrical conductivity of samples of Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 bacterial suspension (~1010 CFU/ml) was investigated, to determine if its inactivation could be monitored via such measurements. HHP treatment was applied at 300, 400 and 500 MPa, and the electrical conductivity, temperature and pressure were continuously recorded during experiments. Microbiological concentrations were also monitored by plate-counting over a 60 min hold period. With increasing pressure the degree of cell damage increased resulting in higher final electrical conductivity and higher reduction in Listeria innocua CFU. The log reduction in bacterial counts increased with increasing conductivity ratio. Conductivity ratio increased during pressurization and holding, but did not change during depressurization, suggesting that little or no inactivation occurred during this phase. Data on conductivity ratio, calibrated against microbial count reduction could be used to fit to inactivation kinetics models. A log-linear model with tail was found to provide the best fit.
MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN PRECESSION OF WARPED DISKS AND MILLIHERTZ VARIABILITIES IN ACCRETING X-RAY PULSARS

The inner region of the accretion disk around a magnetized neutron star is subjected to magnetic torques that induce warping and precession of the disk. These torques arise from interactions between the stellar field and the induced electric currents in the disk. We carry out a global analysis of warping/precession modes in a viscous accretion disk and show that under a wide range of conditions typical of accreting X-ray pulsars, the magnetic warping torque can overcome viscous damping and make the mode grow. The warping/precession modes are concentrated near the inner edge of the disk (at the magnetosphere-disk boundary) and can give rise to variabilities or quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the X-ray/UV/optical fluxes from X-ray pulsars. We examine the observed properties of millihertz QPOs in several systems (such as 4U 1626-67) and suggest that some hitherto unexplained QPOs are the results of magnetically driven disk warping/precession.
Accessible and interactive RNA sequencing analysis using serverless computing

We present a novel method that yields 1100-fold computational speedup and allows biomedical scientists to interactively adjust alignment parameters in real time to iteratively improve final analytical results. Specifically, the alignment time for a 640 million read human RNA-sequencing dataset is reduced from 19 hours to 1 minute using serverless cloud computing. We provide a graphical interface for the accelerated workflows, thus making our methodology accessible to non-cloud experts.
Circulating whole genome miRNA expression corresponds to progressive right ventricle enlargement and systolic dysfunction in adults with tetralogy of Fallot.

Introduction The adult congenital heart disease population with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is subject to chronic volume and pressure loading leading to a 40% probability of right ventricular (RV) failure by the 3rd decade of life. We sought to identify a non-invasive signature of adverse RV remodeling using peripheral blood microRNA (miRNA) profiling to better understand the mechanisms of RV failure. Methods Demographic, clinical data, and blood samples were collected from adults with repaired TOF (N = 20). RNA was isolated from the buffy coat of peripheral blood and whole genome miRNA expression was profiled using Agilent’s global miRNA microarray platform. Fold change, pathway analysis, and unbiased hierarchical clustering of miRNA expression was performed and correlated to RV size and function assessed by echocardiography performed at or near the time of blood collection. Results MiRNA expression was profiled in the following groups: 1. normal RV size (N = 4), 2. mild/moderate RV enlargement (N = 11) and 3. severe RV enlargement (N = 5). 267 miRNAs were downregulated, and 66 were upregulated across the three groups (fold change >2.0, FDR corrected p<0.05) as RV enlargement increased and systolic function decreased. qPCR validation of a subset of these miRNAs identified increasing expression of miRNA 28-3p, 433-3p, and 371b-3p to be associated with increasing RV size and decreasing RV systolic function. Unbiased hierarchical clustering of all patients based on miRNA expression demonstrates three distinct patient clusters that largely coincide with progressive RV enlargement. Pathway analysis of dysregulated miRNAs demonstrates up and downregulation of cell cycle pathways, extracellular matrix proteins and fatty acid synthesis. HIF 1α signaling was downregulated while p53 signaling was predicted to be upregulated. Conclusion Adults with TOF have a distinct miRNA profile with progressive RV enlargement and dysfunction implicating cell cycle dysregulation and upregulation in extracellular matrix and fatty acid metabolism. These data suggest peripheral blood miRNA can provide insight into the mechanisms of RV failure and can potentially be used for monitoring disease progression and to develop RV specific therapeutics to prevent RV failure in TOF.
Expanding Telehealth Competencies in Primary Care: A Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Simulation to Train Internal Medicine Residents in Complex Patient Care.

Background Despite increasing use of telehealth, there are limited published curricula training primary care providers in utilizing telehealth to deliver complex interdisciplinary care. Objective To describe and evaluate a telehealth curriculum with a longitudinal objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to improve internal medicine residents' confidence and skills in coordinating complex interdisciplinary primary care via televisits, electronic consultation, and teleconferencing. Methods In 2019, 56 first- and third-year residents participated in a 3-part, 5-week OSCE training them to use telehealth to manage complex primary care. Learners conducted a standardized patient (SP) televisit in session 1, coordinated care via inter-visit e-messaging, and led a simulated interdisciplinary teleconference in session 2. Surveys measured confidence before session 1 (pre), post-session 1 (post-1), and post-session 2 (post-2). SP televisit checklists and investigators' assessment of e-messages evaluated residents' telehealth skills. Results Response rates were pre 100%, post-1 95% (53 of 56), and post-2 100%. Post-intervention, more residents were "confident/very confident" in adjusting their camera (33%, 95% CI 20-45 vs 85%, 95% CI 75-95, P < .0001), e-messaging (pre 36%, 95% CI 24-49 vs post-2 80%, 95% CI 70-91, P < .0001), and coordinating interdisciplinary care (pre 35%, 95% CI 22-47 vs post-2 84%, 95% CI 74-94, P < .0001). More residents were "likely/very likely" to use telemedicine in the future (pre 56%, 95% CI 43-69, vs post-2 79%, 95% CI 68-89, P = .001). Conclusions A longitudinal, interdisciplinary telehealth simulation is feasible and can improve residents' confidence in using telemedicine to provide complex patient care.
Coupling Methodological Commitments to Make Sense of Socio-Psychological Experience

Background: The engineering education research community has embraced a diverse range of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research approaches. In line with the pragmatic roots of both engineering practice and education, we concur with past scholars that no particular method is better than any other. Rather, the method should be determined by the nature of the research object or the social reality of interest. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this article is to discuss investigations of complex phenomena that have both individual and socially constructed features by using a mixed qualitative methods approach. Our discussion focuses on how to honor, maintain, and leverage the methodological commitments of multiple approaches to achieve a coherent understanding of the social reality under investigation. Design/Method: We introduce a method to map a social system of interest and define the scope and nature of a specific and researchable social reality within that social system. We specifically draw on an example of our study of professional shame in engineering contexts, describing how articulating this social reality enabled us to select two qualitative approaches, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and ethnographic focus groups, to thoroughly examine the phenomenon. Results: Drawing on data from a larger study, we demonstrate how the two methodologies allowed us to see different features of professional shame. IPA provided a lens into students’ intrapsychic experiences of shame, while the ethnographic lens provided a window into the social construction and maintenance of the norms, expectations, and master narratives that can provoke shame experiences in individual students. Conclusions: We found that combining multiple qualitative methods, based on an explicit and shared definition of the social reality under investigation, afforded a coherent, empirical understanding of a complex social reality that one method alone could not have provided. Although mixing qualitative methods does demand a cogent way of managing multiple methodological mindsets, the whole outcome of both approaches was greater than the sum of the individual parts. We encourage other engineering education researchers to similarly consider the use of mixed qualitative methods when investigating complex socio-psychological phenomena.
Causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre

What caused the Tulsa Massacre of 1921? It is a question many historians, journalists, and other writers have previously addressed (see Ellsworth 1982; Gates 2003; Krehbiel 2019; Oklahoma Commission 2001). This chapter examines many of the propositions derived from previous studies, the majority of which come to similar interpretations of the massacre’s causes. The goal is to situate the Tulsa Massacre within the larger body of sociological research on theories of collective violence and rioting. Perspectives of collective violence vary widely, with some focusing on underlying conditions of affected cities and others examining the proximate precipitating events that produce mob aggression. An integrative approach is emphasized to explain the massacre in Greenwood by synthesizing previous findings and highlighting critical factors that can be viewed as a bridge or linkage between underlying causes and the events that trigger collective violence.
The Effect of True Self-Attributions on the Endorsement of Retributive and Restorative Justice.

We examined how the attribution of criminal behavior to an individual’s “true” self influences justice preferences. In Study 1 (N = 521), the extent to which undergraduates attributed a crime to a ...
How social perceptions influence consumption for self, for others, and within the broader system.

Abstract This article builds an organizing framework for understanding how social perceptions influence consumption at three levels: consumption for self, consumption for others, and consumption within the broader system. At each level, social others play a distinct role in individuals' consumption behaviors, from passive observers to active agents. Importantly, consumption at each of these levels is characterized by common tensions and misperceptions, which sometimes undermine individuals’ consumption choices, outcomes, and intent. We describe some of the tensions and explore how individuals navigate them. At the end, we discuss how the proposed framework offers exciting opportunities for future research.
Notes on the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties

We review a combinatoric approach to the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties and announce new cases where the conjecture is true. We show the Hodge conjecture for Fermat fourfolds , for all n.
Current Perceptions of Diversity Among Head Team Physicians and Head Athletic Trainers: Results Across US Professional Sports Leagues:

Background:Discrepancies in race, ethnicity, and sex among health care providers and their patients have been shown to affect the patient-provider relationship as well as the quality of care. Curre...
Safety of cyclin-dependent kinase4/6 inhibitor combined with palliative radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Abstract Introduction Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor is a first-line therapy for metastatic ER+/HER2-breast cancer. However, there are limited data on safety of combined radiotherapy (RT) and CDK4/6 inhibition. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of women with metastatic breast cancer who received palliative RT within 14 days of CDK4/6 inhibitor use. The primary endpoint was toxicity per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5. Secondary endpoints were pain response and local control based on clinical assessment and imaging. Results Thirty patients underwent 36 RT courses with palbociclib (n = 34 courses, 94.4%) or abemaciclib (n = 2, 5.6%). RT was delivered before, concurrently or after CDK4/6 inhibitors in 7 (19.4%), 8 (22.2%), and 21 (58.3%) of cases with median 3.5 days from RT to closest CDK4/6 inhibitor administration. Median RT dose was 30Gy (range 8–40.05Gy). Treated sites included brain (n = 5, 11.6%), spine (n = 19, 44.2%), pelvis (n = 9, 20.9%), other bony sites (n = 6, 14.0%) and others (n = 4, 9.3%). No acute grade ≥3 non-hematologic toxicity occurred. No increased hematologic toxicity was attributable to RT with grade 3 hematologic toxicities rates 16.7%, 0%, and 6.7% before, during, and 2 weeks after RT completion. All but one patient (29/30) achieved symptom relief. Local control rates were 94.4%, 91.7% at 6 and 12 months. Conclusions The use of RT within 2 weeks of CDK4/6 inhibitors had low acceptable toxicity and high efficacy, suggesting that it is safe for palliation of metastatic breast cancer.
Inductive Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds in the Temporomandibular Joint of Pigs.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a fibrocartilaginous tissue located between the condyle of the mandible and glenoid fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone. Damage or derangement of the TMJ disc can require surgical removal (discectomy) to restore function. Removal of the TMJ disc, however, leaves the joint space vulnerable to condylar remodeling and degradation, potentially leading to long term complications. No consistently effective clinical options exist for repair or replacement of the disc following discectomy. The present study investigates the use of an acellular scaffold composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a regenerative template for the TMJ disc in a porcine model. Acellular SIS ECM scaffolds were implanted following discectomy and allowed to remodel for 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-implantation. Remodeling of the implanted device was assessed by longitudinal MRI over the course of 6 months as well as gross morphologic, histologic, biochemical and biomechanical analysis (tension and compression) of explanted tissues (disc and condyle) at the time of sacrifice. When the scaffold remained in the joint space, longitudinal MRI demonstrated that the scaffolds promoted new tissue formation within the joint space throughout the study period. The scaffolds were rapidly populated with host derived cells and remodeled with formation of new, dense, aligned fibrocartilage resembling native tissue as early as one month post implantation. De-novo formation of peripheral muscular and tendinous attachments resembling those in native tissue was also observed. The remodeled scaffolds approached native disc biochemical composition and compressive modulus, and possessed 50% of the tensile modulus within 3 months post-implantation. No degradation of the condylar surface was observed. These results suggest that this acellular bioscaffold fills a medical need for which there are currently no effective treatments and may represent a clinically relevant "off-the-shelf" implant for reconstruction of the TMJ disc.
On the simple leaf galls of Casearia tomentosa Roxb., (Samydaceae) induced by Gynaikothrips flaviantennatus Moulton (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Observations on the leaf galls ofCasearia tomentosa Roxb., induced byGynaikothrips flaviantennatus Moulton have shown that the form of the gall is controlled by the developmental stage of the leaf and the impact of the gall maker(s) in terms of population. Population trends of gall maker, predator and inquiline have been analysed in the context of gall development.
CD4+ CD25+ transforming growth factor‐β‐producing T cells are present in the lung in murine tuberculosis and may regulate the host inflammatory response*

CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells produce the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta or interleukin (IL)-10. Regulatory T cells have been recognized to suppress autoimmunity and promote self-tolerance. These cells may also facilitate pathogen persistence by down-regulating the host defence response during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated TGF-beta(+) and IL-10(+) lung CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells in a murine model of M. tuberculosis. BALB/c mice were infected with approximately 50 colony-forming units of M. tuberculosis H37Rv intratracheally. At serial times post-infection, lung cells were analysed for surface marker expression (CD3, CD4, CD25) and intracellular IL-10, TGF-beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma production (following stimulation in vitro with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies). CD4(+) lung lymphocytes were also selected positively after lung digestion, and stimulated in vitro for 48 h with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the absence and presence of anti-TGF-beta antibody, anti-IL-10 antibody or rmTGF-beta soluble receptor II/human Fc chimera (TGFbetasrII). Supernatants were assayed for elicited IFN-gamma and IL-2. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analyses showed that TGF-beta- and IL-10-producing CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells are present in the lungs of infected mice. Neutralization of TGF-beta and IL-10 each resulted in increases in elicited IFN-gamma, with the greatest effect seen when TGFbetasrII was used. Elicited IL-2 was not affected significantly by TGF-beta neutralization. These results confirm the presence of CD4(+) CD25(+) TGF-beta(+) T cells in murine pulmonary tuberculosis, and support the possibility that TGF-beta may contribute to down-regulation of the host response.
The Dynamics and Global Implications of Subglobal Carbon-Restricting Regimes

The European Union and Australia have enacted comprehensive carbon-restricting reforms that will affect both domestic and foreign industries. After describing these reforms in detail, the article develops a microeconomic analytical model that explains the impact these regimes have on the dynamics of inter-firm competition in carbon-restricting nations and how they will also influence technology choices by certain industries in carbon-friendly nations. Specifically, exporters and producers operating in vertically-integrated industries in carbon-friendly nations will increasingly elect carbon-efficient technologies to minimize costs as they adjust to a changing international regulatory environment. The article hypothesizes that this shift in the carbon intensity of production will cause these industries to form coalitions with other pro-environment groups to pressure national governments for legislative and global carbon-restricting reforms that reduce carbon leakage and losses from trading with industries in carbon-laggard nations. Because these cumulative developments will eventually lead to a binding global emissions-stabilizing agreement, pursuant to which border measures will be taken, the article offers a few suggestions for reducing potential conflicts between the trade and climate change regimes.
Predictors of invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with a core biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: an analysis of 255 cases.

: The diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using core biopsy does not ensure the absence of invasion on final excision. We performed a retrospective analysis of 255 patients with DCIS who had subsequent excision. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings were correlated with risk of invasion and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis. Of 255 patients with DCIS, 199 had definitive surgery and 52 (26%) had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) on final excision. Extent of abnormal microcalcification on mammography, and presence of a radiologic/palpable mass and solid type of DCIS were significantly associated with invasion on final excision. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 131 (65.8%) patients of whom 18 (13.4%) had metastasis. Size of IDC and extent of DCIS on final pathology were significantly associated with positive SLN. Micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells comprised majority (71.4%) of the metastases in DCIS. SLN biopsy should be considered in those with high risk DCIS.
Control of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. II. Translation and degradation of lactose operon messenger ribonucleic acid after energy source shift-down.

Abstract The metabolism of lactose operon mRNA was studied in Escherichia coli after a brief exposure to inducer in glucose medium, removal of inducer, and a shift to fresh glucose medium or to succinate medium (shift-down). Hybridization of labeled mRNA with the DNA of phage λh80dlac was used as an assay for lactose operon mRNA. Decay of lactose operon mRNA proceeded to the same extent and at the same rate (half-life 1 min at 37°) in both cultures. Sedimentation studies on RNA purified from whole cells showed no difference in the size distribution of lactose operon mRNA at 1 or 2 min after inducer removal and a shift to either medium, suggesting that normal propagation of preinitiated lac mRNA chains occurs in the down-shifted culture. Hybridization of mRNA extracted from polyribosomes 1.5 min after inducer removal showed that lac mRNA is associated with smaller polyribosomes and monosomes in the down-shifted culture. This observation supports the hypothesis that the reduced translational yield after shift-down is due to a reduction in the rate of polypeptide chain initiation.
Rethinking What Motivates and Inspires Students

Abstract Drawing on four decades of scientific research on human motivation, contemporary behavioral scientists contend that exceptional educators provide students with a contextual sense of their intrinsic worth by creating academic environments that engage three overarching human needs: autonomy, the freedom to make choices and determine one's future; mastery, the ability to learn and develop expertise; and purpose, the quest for meaning in one's life. The primary question today is no longer “How can students be inspired and motivated?” but rather “How can educators be deterred from diminishing—even destroying—intrinsic student motivation and classroom morale through unproductive policies and practices?”
Deciphering the diversity and history of New World nightjars (Aves: Caprimulgidae) using molecular phylogenetics

We present a new molecular phylogeny of the three main radiations of nightjars (Caprimulgidae), restricted to the New World. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers were sampled, and ancient DNA from museum skin specimens was an important source of sequence data for many taxa. Intraspecific diversity is high in the nightjars, with many traditionally defined species further divided into subspecies. By dense sampling at the species and subspecies level, we were able to investigate the molecular diversity among the majority of recognized subspecies. This resulted in the identification of new phylogenetic species in addition to finding molecular support for recent taxonomic modifications such as the division of the Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus Wilson, 1812) into two species. Other species that we suggest should be split into two or more phylogenetic species include Caprimulgus longirostris Bonaparte, 1825, Chordeiles acutipennis (Hermann, 1783), Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmelin, 1789), and Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Spix, 1825). We also propose substantial modifications to the generic structure within the family, with some genera being enlarged (including Hydropsalis, Nyctidromus, and Nyctiprogne), whereas others are discontinued (including Eleothreptus and Uropsalis). All New World species of Caprimulgus are moved into other genera. The resulting phylogeny provides the most up-to-date and complete taxonomic review for the New World diversity of the family. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
The oxidation state of hydrothermal systems on early Enceladus

Abstract The discovery of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 in a plume at Enceladus provides useful clues about the chemistry and evolution of this moon of Saturn. Here, we use chemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations to estimate the oxidation state of hydrothermal systems on early Enceladus, with the assumption that the plume's composition was inherited from early hydrothermal fluids. Chemical equilibrium calculations are performed using the CO 2 /CH 4 ratio in the plume, and kinetic calculations are conducted using equations from fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics. Our results suggest that chemical equilibrium between CO 2 and CH 4 would have been reachable at temperatures above ∼200 °C in hydrothermal systems. The oxidation state of the hydrothermal systems would have been close to the pyrrhotite–pyrite–magnetite (PPM) or fayalite–magnetite–quartz (FMQ) redox buffer (i.e., terrestrial-like) if the plume's CO 2 and CH 4 equilibrated in hydrothermal systems long ago. As for minerals, we suggest that iron metal would have been oxidized to magnetite by the escape of H 2 from the early satellite. Our calculations also indicate that, assuming CO 2 and CH 4 reached chemical equilibrium, magnetite would not have been oxidized to hematite in hydrothermal systems, perhaps due to insufficient H 2 escape. It is shown that, if Enceladus accreted as much NH 3 as comets contain, the presence of N 2 and deficiency of NH 3 in the plume can be understood in the context of chemical equilibrium in the C–N–O–H system. We conclude by proposing an evolutionary hypothesis in which the fairly oxidized nature of the plume can be explained by a brief episode of oxidation caused by short-lived radioactivity. These suggestions can be rigorously tested by acquiring gravity and isotopic data in the future.
The Seeded Growth of Calcium Phosphates. The Kinetics of Growth of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate on Enamel, Dentin, and Calculus

The kinetics of growth of calcium phosphates on synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP), human enamel, whole dentin, and human calculus has been studied at 37 C at pH values from 4.97 to 5.10 held constant by the pH-stat addition of base. Following an initial induction period, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystallization takes place on the surface of these solids in all cases, even though the solutions are highly supersaturated with respect to HAP. The second order crystal growth kinetics are characteristic of the crystallization of DCPD on pure DCPD seed material. The ability of the substrate surfaces to nucleate DCPD falls in the order, synthetic HAP > enamel > calculus > dentin. Nucleation of DCPD, which is completed during the initial induction period, is very sensitive to small changes in pH, from 4.99 to 5.10.
Production theory under uncertain inflation

This paper examines Chen's [1980] model of asset valuation under uncertain inflation in order to derive a static and comparative static theory of production by a competitive firm. Given the value maximizing and the price taking assumptions, the firm behaves as a profit-maximizer. The sole effect of uncertain inflation is to distort the price structure. that is, the firm adjusts the expected price of an input or output to reflect the systematic risk of that price. Because a change in circumstances can affect the systematic risk of a given price, assessing the effects of a specific policy or event solely in terms of its effect on expected price can be misleading. Parametric variations affect the structure of certainty equivalent prices. Therefore, the comparative static derivatives of the value maximizing firm emerge as extensions of the comparative static derivatives of the profit maximizing firm under certainty. Many of these comparative static derivatives are of determinant sign. The effects of changes in market uncertainty and in inflation uncertainty, while they can be characterized mathematically, cannot be signed in the general case. Cross-sectional studies indicate wide variation in the effects of inflation, so that the preceding theoretical results appear plausible. Finally, in view of the wealth of static and comparative static results which can be derived from Chen's model, that model provides a convenient benchmark against which to judge other models. Precisely because of its simple nature, Chen's model is ideal for establishing limits of analysis.
Studying protein dynamics in aqueous solutions through linear and non-linear THz spectroscopy

Direct absorption spectroscopy is used to determine the absorption coefficient of protein solutions across the spectrum from 0.1 to 3 THz. The spectra are analyzed with respect to their dependence on solution properties, protein size and protein geometry. Besides these direct absorption measurements, a non-linear two-color experiment is developed which is sensitive solely to the chirality based contribution from proteins.