cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Organizational Structure of the Traditional Chinese Firm and its Modern Reform

Whatever economic growth and development took place in nineteenth-century China, it was by no means an expansion highlighted by a commercial and industrial revolution comparable to that which occurred in Great Britain, the United States, and Japan. While many factors accounted for these alternative paths of change, one element was clearly the differing organization of business enterprise. In this essay, Professor Chan examines the organizational structure of the traditional Chinese firm during the nineteenth century. Then he presents two case studies, one of which illustrates how an enterprise developed an innovative strategy of growth based upon traditional Chinese methods, and a second that illustrates how a company wedded western managerial practices to the Chinese model with spectacular results. While it would be dangerous to generalize about the entire Chinese managerial experience from such a limited number of firms, their successful, though divergent paths of development do indeed suggest the role that traditional Chinese organizational methods had in stifling modern development as well as the influence that western practices and techniques would have on China's growth in the early to middle years of the twentieth century.
Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis from Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract We recently treated a patient with chronic postoperative endophthahnitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus , which usually presents with a fulminant clinical course. Because of the chronic course, the initial treatment was high dose steroids followed by lensectomy and vitrectoiny. However, this was not effective, and intravitreal antibiotics and steroids were ultimately required. We now recommend that in patients with chronic postoperative inflammation unresponsive to high dose steroids, intraocular cultures followed by injection of intraocular antibiotics be considered.
Self-tuning control of brushless servo drive for a high performance tracking manipulator

In accurate and fast positioning applications such as IC packaging, conventional PID or lead-lag compensator algorithms lacks robustness in providing good and consistent performance. Due to machine and driver nonlinearities, the controller often suffers from detuning as a result of variations in system parameters. This paper presents an account of employing dual-rate self-tuning control on a brushless servomotor drive for a high performance tracking manipulator to overcome the problems mentioned above. Recursive instrumental variable estimation (RIVE) is used for online parameter estimation. The self-tuning scheme includes a PID controller with inertia and friction compensation for optimal tracking performance.
Is the h-index Predictive of Greater NIH Funding Success Among Academic Radiologists?

Rationale and Objectives Despite rapid adoption of the Hirsch index ( h -index) as a measure of academic success, the correlations between the h -index and other metrics of productivity remain poorly understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether h -indices were associated with greater National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding success among academic radiologists. Materials and Methods Using the Scopus database, h -indices were calculated for a random sample of academic radiologists with the rank of professor. Using the NIH tool Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Reports, we determined the number, classification, and total years of NIH grant funding as principal investigator for each radiologist. Differences in h -index, sorted by funding status, were determined using Wilcoxon's tests. Associations between h -index and funding status were determined using logistic regression. Significant correlations between h -index and grant metrics were determined using Spearman's ρ. Results Among 210 professors of radiology, 48 (23%) secured at least one NIH grant. The mean h -index was significantly higher among individuals who secured at least one NIH grant (19.1) compared to those who did not (10.4) ( P h -indices h -indices > 10 were significantly less likely to receive NIH funding (odds ratio, 0.07; P = .0321). However, h -indices > 10 were not significantly predictive of greater funding. No significant relationships were observed between h -index and the number of grant awards, years of prior funding, the amounts of grant awards, or grant classification. Conclusion Having obtained at least one NIH grant was associated with a higher h -index, yet multiple or large grants, such as those for program projects, were not predictive of higher h -indices.
Lithography at 14nm and beyond: choices and challenges

As the gap between the lithography wavelength and critical feature size has continued to increase, the semiconductor industry has had to adjust. Previously, scaling along Moore's Law had relied on improvement in lithography equipment, occasionally by reducing the wavelength and frequently by improving the effective numerical aperture. The wavelength used to define critical dimensions during much of the nineties was 248nm, with the industry switching to 193nm in the following decade. After 157nm technology failed to materialize due to technological challenges, the focus of next generation lithography (NGL) research shifted to EUV. Meanwhile, 193nm continued to be the workhorse for the continuation of Moore's Law. The next big equipment advancement came with immersion steppers, which "increased" the effective aperture of the lens, thereby capturing more of the diffraction orders in the imaging process. Moore's Law, however requires a significant innovation every two years! With optical lithography wavelength and effective lens aperture stretched to these limits, double patterning came to the rescue. By splitting the pattern into two, the burden on each mask was somewhat reduced, allowing a "stitched" pattern to scale. All through these changes, continued scaling also required a tighter co-optimization between process and design. As the image quality became generally weaker, greater restrictions were placed on the diversity of features that could be robustly patterned, leading to the proverbial increase in the heft of design rule manuals.All through these heroic efforts to continue Moore's Law, in order to reap the resulting benefits to the electronics industry, a relatively new field called Computational Lithography has been providing a helping hand. Computational Lithography comprises a broad set of techniques that use physics-based calculations to eke out greater lithographic performance from a given generation of steppers. This fertile field has recently introduced two advanced features: inverse lithography, and source-mask optimization. Such techniques have helped extend the life of optical lithography beyond previously forecast durations. At the same time, as other lithography technologies become more mature, much of the computational infrastructure developed to extend optical lithography will likely be used to optimize the newer technologies. This paper will provide some examples of how Computational Lithography is creating novel and affordable solutions to sustain the scaling trend.
Characterization of a mammalian homolog of the Escherichia coli MutY mismatch repair protein.

A protein homologous to the Escherichia coli MutY protein, referred to as MYH, has been identified in nuclear extracts of calf thymus and human HeLa cells. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using polyclonal antibodies to the E. coli MutY protein detected a protein of 65 kDa in both extracts. Partial purification of MYH from calf thymus cells revealed a 65-kDa protein as well as a functional but apparently degraded form of 36 kDa, as determined by glycerol gradient centrifugation and immunoblotting with anti-MutY antibodies. Calf MYH is a DNA glycosylase that specifically removes mispaired adenines from A/G, A/7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanine (8-oxoG or GO), and A/C mismatches (mismatches indicated by slashes). A nicking activity that is either associated with or copurified with MYH was also detected. Nicking was observed at the first phosphodiester bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) site generated by the glycosylase activity. The nicking activity on A/C mismatches was 30-fold lower and the activity on A/GO mismatches was twofold lower than that on A/G mismatches. No nicking activity was detected on substrates containing other selected mismatches or homoduplexes. Nicking activity on DNA containing A/G mismatches was inhibited in the presence of anti-MutY antibodies or upon treatment with potassium ferricyanide, which oxidizes iron-sulfur clusters. Gel shift analysis showed specific binding complex formation with A/G and A/GO substrates, but not with A/A, C.GO, and C.G substrates. Binding is sevenfold greater on A/GO substrates than on A/G substrates. The eukaryotic MYH may be involved in the major repair of both replication errors and oxidative damage to DNA, the same functions as those of the E. coli MutY protein.
Diagnosis in orthodontic practice

Abstract To sum up, the following points may be reiterated: 1. 1. That the general concept of diagnosis is much divided and lacks a uniform understanding, a sound basis, and a proper approach to the solution of the problem of malocclusion. 2. 2. That a systematic classification of malocclusion, as proposed by Angle, offers a reliable starting point for planning and carrying out orthodontic treatment. 3. 3. That the use of the face in the diagnosis of malocclusion rests on obscure assumptions and leads to erroneous conclusions. 4. 4. That evidence derived from scientific research in malocclusion supports the view that to understand the problem of diagnosis more thoroughly, it is of importance to have a better knowledge of development. 5. 5. That development, as it is concerned with orthodontic patients, is chiefly confined to the differentiation of the dentition, to the growth of the face, and to the form of occlusion. 6. 6. That to understand the course of events in growth and differentiation, a standard for measuring them both is of importance. 7. 7. That the normal standard used to appraise the face clearly points out the vagaries of both growth and differentiation. 8. 8. That by the use of this standard, it is shown that differentiation in dentition alternates with growth in face. 9. 9. That comparable differences in relationship between facial features and dental occlusion are relative. 10. 10. That occlusal contact relationship in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion is absolute. 11. 11. That the growth changes of the faces with dentitions in Class II, Division 1 simulate those with dentitions in normal occlusion. 12. 12. That the status of the face having Class II, Division 1 can be appraised satisfactorily by proper method, technique, and skill. 13. 13. That facial appraisal to be of significance must be repeated periodically for a considerable length of time. 14. 14. That appraising the faces of orthodontic patients does not imply the diagnosis of malocclusion of the dentition. On the contrary, a typical form of malocclusion is a valid symptom for a reliable diagnosis of the face. 15. 15. That measurements of dimensions and a standard for evaluating them furnish a means of pointing out, not only the status of the face, but also the pattern of its growth potentialities. 16. 16. That knowing and showing in advance of orthodontic treatment what the pattern of development is and what the subsequent effect is likely to be is a duty to ourselves and an obligation to the patient.
Fabrication and optimal strain sensor placement in an instrumented disk drive suspension for vibration suppression

Instrumenting a disk drive suspension with vibration sensing strain gages can enhance vibration suppression in hard disk drives, provided that the gages are properly located and are sufficiently sensitive. The cost function of an optimal LQG controller with Kalman filter is proposed as an objective function for determining the optimal location and orientation of displacement sensors on a flexible structure, such as the placement of strain gages on a disk drive suspension. Analytical bounds are derived for the Kalman filter Riccati equation in a modal system with large sensor noise. These bounds produce analytical approximations that reduce the computational complexity of the LQG optimization approach with cheap control. Results are applied to a prototype disk drive suspension to identify sensor positions and sensor requirements. Methods of installing strain gages on steel at precise locations are briefly discussed.
Spanwise pairing of finite-amplitude longitudinal vortex rolls in inclined free-convection boundary layers

Buoyancy-driven flow on a heated inclined plate can become unstable to static longitudinal roil instability at a critical distance, measured by from the edge. This ½ mode is shown to have an asymmetric spatial phase shift of ½π relative to the original 1 mode of the primary rolls, thus explaining the unique dislocation of tracer streaks after the rolls coalesce in the experiments. Also consistent with experimental observation is the theoretical result that the merged rolls are annihilated downstream by a saddle-node bifurcation before further wavclength doubling can occur. Simple amplitude criteria and critical distances from the leading edge for the various transitions are derived and compared to experimental values.
White Space is Not Your Enemy: A Beginner's Guide to Communicating Visually through Graphic, Web & Multimedia Design

Designing a website or brochure without an art background? Then step away from the computer and read this engaging, conversational introduction to visual communications first. Written for the beginner, White Space is Not Your Enemy, Second Edition, is a practical graphic design and layout guide that introduces the concepts and practices necessary for producing effective visual communication across a variety of formats--from web to print. This beautifully illustrated, full-color book covers all of the basics to help you develop your eye and produce evocative designs that work. Topics include: What is design? Pre-design research and brainstorming. The "works-every-time layout" and "13 layout sins." The elements and principles of design. Layouts for impact. Getting along with type. Choosing and using color. Working with photos and illustrations. Intros to infographics, storyboarding and multimedia components. Output for the web and print. Visit www.whitespacedesignbook.com for additional supporting materials.
Treatment of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen

Abstract A 28-yr-old man ingested a large dose of carbon tetrachJoride. He was treated with hyperbaric oxygen and had rapid improvement with minimal hepatotoxicity. The experimental data and clinical experience with this form of therapy for carbon tetrachloride poisoning are reviewed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be an effective treatment for this rare and potentially lethal hepatotoxin.
The Rational Timing of Surprise

National leaders are frequently surprised by the actions of other governments. This paper explores the structure common to problems involving the use of resources for achieving surprise. Such resources include deception through double agents and through sudden changes in standard operating procedures. Still other resources for surprise include cracked codes, spies, and new weapons. Since surprise is usually possible only by risking the revelation of the means of surprise, in each case the same problem arises: when should the resource be risked and when should it be maintained for a potentially more important event later? A rational-actor model is developed to provide a prescriptive answer to this question. Examining the ways in which actual actors are likely to differ from rational actors leads to several important policy implications. One is that leaders may tend to be overconfident in their ability to predict the actions of their potential opponents just when the stakes get large. Another implication is that, as observational technology improves, the potential for surprise and deception may actually increase.
A dynamic services discovery framework for traversing Web Services representation chain

In this paper, we propose a dynamic service discovery framework from Web services representation chain. The major components include Web service chains precategorizing module, service exploration engine, services container, chain change detection module with associated control parameters. From the working research prototype, our proposed mechanism enables businesses to easily retrieve up-to-date Web services linked and nested multi-level deep in the service description documents. In addition, a federated Web services discovery portal is illustrated to show how the research results are aggregated from hyperlinked WSIL documents as well as UDDl registries for achieving more accurate services exploration result.
The Effect of Jury Nullification Instruction on Verdicts and Jury Functioning in Criminal Trials

Jury nullification is a mechanism, and a defense, which allows the jury, as representatives of the community, to disregard both the law and the evidence and acquit defendants who have violated the letter, but not the spirit of the law. Should juries simply follow the law as articulated by the trial judge, or should they act as “conscience of the community,” and neglect the strict requirements of the law when it would lead to unjust or inequitable verdicts? The present study was aimed at providing empirical data for the following question: will the jury operate in a manner which is different than its normal functioning if given explicit nullification instructions? Three nullification instructins varying in explicitness as to nullification were combined with three criminal cases to yield a 3×3 factorial design. Forty-five six-person juries (270 subjects), were randomly assigned to the nine experimental groups. The results showed that juries given explicit nullification instructtions were more likely to vote guilty in a drunk driving case, but less likely to do so in a euthanasia case. The third case, which dealt with murder, did not show any differences due to instructions. Juries in receipt of nullification instructions spent less deliberation time on the evidence and more on defendant characteristics, attributions, and personal experiences.
Selected Approaches to Using Individual Variation for Understanding Mammalian, Life-History Evolution

Mammalogists have accumulated substantial data on mammalian life-history variation, within as well as between populations, species, and higher taxa. Our understanding of the interplay between phylogeny and natural selection in shaping mammalian life-history patterns would be greatly enhanced, however, by: 1) synthesizing data from studies of individual life-history variation in natural populations from a broader taxonomic range of mammalian species, including primates, 2) using a more interdisciplinary approach to the study of aging, reproduction, and hormonal underpinnings of life-history patterns, including those of laboratory rodents, primates, and humans, and, 3) employing a deliberate melding of new bio-medical technologies and experimental approaches for altering mammalian mortality, reproduction, and longevity with the approaches more traditionally used by mammalogists.
Facilitators and Barriers to Tai Chi in an Older Adult Community: A Theory-Driven Approach.

Background: Prevention has been identified as a primary strategy for reducing health care costs, with potential Medicare savings up to $142.8 billion annually. Falls alone resulted in $28.2 billion in direct care costs. A growing body of research documents significant benefits of tai chi (TC) for balance and prevention and management of chronic diseases in older adults. Purpose: To identify facilitators and barriers to TC from a theory-driven approach, using the Health Belief Model (HBM) coupled with a fishbone diagram. Methods: Focus groups consisted of active users of a fitness facility at an active living community. Group 1 had never considered adoption of TC (n = 10). The second group were members of the community TC classes (n = 11). The HBM was used to categorize responses. A 10-point scale permitted comparison of group means and standard deviation. Results: Primary barriers included lack of awareness of benefits, need for evidence-based benefits, and limitations related to teaching style. The large...
Regulation of the Longevity Response to Temperature by Thermosensory Neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans

Summary Background Many ectotherms, including C. elegans , have shorter life spans at high temperature than at low temperature. High temperature is generally thought to increase the "rate of living" simply by increasing chemical reaction rates. In this study, we questioned this view and asked whether the temperature dependence of life span is subject to active regulation. Results We show that thermosensory neurons play a regulatory role in the temperature dependence of life span. Surprisingly, inhibiting the function of thermosensory neurons by mutation or laser ablation causes animals to have even shorter life spans at warm temperature. Thermosensory mutations shorten life span by decreasing expression of daf-9 , a gene required for the synthesis of ligands that inhibit the DAF-12, a nuclear hormone receptor. The short life span of thermosensory mutants at warm temperature is completely suppressed by a daf-12(-) mutation. Conclusions Our data suggest that thermosensory neurons affect life span at warm temperature by changing the activity of a steroid-signaling pathway that affects longevity. We propose that this thermosensory system allows C. elegans to reduce the effect that warm temperature would otherwise have on processes that affect aging, something that warm-blooded animals do by controlling temperature itself.
Innovative Strategies For Teaching Principles Of Accounting And Federal Taxation Classes

By integrating meaningful group learning experiences into my Principles of Accounting and Tax classes, Accounting was effectively promoted as an undergraduate major or minor, as supported by student satisfaction surveys. Many accounting programs are facing unprecedented challenges raised by declining enrollments and dynamic changes in profession. Using Baker, Simon, and Bazelli’s (1985) Instructional Design for Accounting based on Kolb’s Experiential Group Learning Model, multiple teaching strategies were incorporated into my classes appealing to multiple student learning styles and, as a result, student’s attitude towards Accounting were significantly effected. The following is a brief list of group or solo activities used in my classes: · Played Financial Accounting and Tax Jeopardy Games that are published on my website (www.geocities.com/docseda) · Accounting students developed Excel-based Accounting Information System for service and merchandising businesses. · Accounting students presented an analysis of an annual report. · Accounting students played Stock Market Simulation Game (www. ncarolinasms.org). · Accounting students played Monopoly . · Accounting students played business simulation game at AICPA website (www. startheregoplaces.com) . · Tax students worked on three comprehensive tax returns prepared with TaxCut software. · Selected Tax students took IRS exam to qualify for VITA program in spring of 2004. · Accounting and Tax students prepared posters summarizing various concepts. This article will provide a detailed summary of learning experiences used in the Fall Semester of 2003 at Shaw University and an analysis of student surveys.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit with epithelioid features

Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors have often been confused with other mesenchymal tumors, such as hemangiopericytoma, fibrous histiocytoma, fibrous meningioma, and leiomyoma, because of morphologic similarity and underrecognition, especially if some unusual features are present. Recently, epithelioid solitary fibrous tumor has been reported in the mediastinum. We report a case of solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit with biphasic architecture, including spindle cell and epithelioid components. Both components demonstrated immunohistochemical features of a solitary fibrous tumor. A background of scattered vessels was present. No evidence of significant nuclear atypia or mitotic activity was noted. In this report, we discuss the differential diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor with unusual epithelioid features. Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the orbit with a spindle cell appearance even in the presence of some epithelioid morphology.
Health Literate Equates to Patient-Centered

Though first used in the 14th century, the word patient has its roots in the Latin pati, meaning to suffer. In its noun form, Merriam-Webster defines it as “a person who receives medical care or tr...
A Computational Uncertainty Analysis of LES/DNS: towards building a reliable engineering turbulence prediction capability

A computational uncertainty analysis is conducted for turbulence simulation. The major sources of error, the model error and the numerical errors, are analyzed strictly based on the physical nature of turbulence. Through these analyses, a clear technical roadmap is laid out towards building a reliable engineering turbulence simulation capability.
Two Concepts of Emotional Expression

“Emotional expression” is an unfortunately ambiguous term. Scientists define it in two distinct ways, and this difference in definition leads them to employ the term inconsistently. In some experimental contexts, “emotional expression” names all and only those behaviors that follow emotional arousal. In other experimental contexts, “emotional expression” names all and only those behaviors that convey information to observers about a creature’s affective state. Importantly, these two concepts are not co-extensive; each includes members not included in the other. Once I have disambiguated the two senses of the term, I demonstrate that equivocation has interfered with at least two ongoing empirical projects, namely the debate over the universality of emotional expression and the debate over the evolution of emotional expressions as communicative signals.
A New Tassadia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from Bolivia and Brazil

Tassadia capitata, from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and Pardi, Brazil, is described and illus- trated. This new species is most closely related to T guianensis Decaisne, and the two species are somewhat intermediate between Tassadia and Sten- omeria. of tropical and subtropical South America, with one species, T obovata Decaisne, ranging through Cen- tral America to Veracruz, Mexico. Tassadia belongs to the tribe Asclepiadeae and is most closely re- lated to the genus Stenomeria Turcz. The two gen- era share, in particular, an unusual arrangement of the inflorescences. The true inflorescence is an ex- tra-axillary cyme, which is the normal inflorescence of the Asclepiadoideae. However, these sessile or nearly sessile, congested cymes are mostly ar- ranged along leafless axillary branches; cymes as- sociated with leafy nodes are also occasionally pro- duced. These inflorescences have been described
Genomic Reprogramming of the Platelet Transcriptome with Chronic LVAD Support

s S111 Methods: CF-LVAD patients at a single academic institution were included in this study. ASA responsiveness was determined by a turbidimetric based optical based assay (VerifyNow). Results were expressed in Aspirin reaction units (ARU), which is calculated as a function of the rate and extent of platelet aggregation. Therapeutic resistance was defined as ARU level of > 550. Results: 84 CF-LVAD patients had assessment of platelet reactivity. There was a significant dose-response relationship observed between ASA dose used and ARU level measured in CF-LVAD patients (0 mg: 596.6 ARU, 81 mg: 540.2 ARU, 325 mg: 527.9 ARU, p= 0.002). 11 patients were not taking ASA at the time of testing due to gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), epistaxis, or thrombocytopenia. Interestingly, 4 of these patients (36.6%) had evidence for platelet dysfunction, even in absence of ASA therapy. Prevalence of ASA resistance in patients who were on ASA therapy at the time of testing was 52.9% (36/68). Incidence of pump thrombosis was not significantly different between in ASA sensitive versus ASA resistant patients (12.5% vs. 16.7%, p= 0.739). However, there was significantly higher incidence of mucosal bleeding (GIB or epistaxis) in ASA sensitive patients when compared to ASA resistant patients (43.8% vs. 19.4%, p= 0.030). Mean platelet reactivity was significantly lower in patients who experienced mucosal bleeding versus who did not on CF-LVAD support (509.8±72.7 vs. 548.8±45.5, p= 0.031). Conclusion: ASA responsiveness is highly variable and is associated with mucosal bleeding events in patients on CF-LVAD support. Assessment of platelet function can help identify patients at risk for bleeding complications and thereby help personalize anti-thrombotic therapies in this population.
Tight Junction Protein 1: New Insights into Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance and Myeloma Pathophysiology

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhang et al. report that TJP1 suppresses EGFR/JAK1/STAT3-mediated signaling and increases the proteasome inhibitor sensitivity of myeloma cells by altering the cellular proteasome capacity versus proteasome load of undegraded intracellular proteins.
Nutritional requirements in the elderly.

Do the nutritional needs of the elderly differ significantly from those of younger adults, and if so, how? This and other fundamental questions are addressed in the light of recent experimental and clinical findings.
Metabolizable energy for maintenance of beef-type Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus cows in a dry, temperate climate.

Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) was estimated using 123 mature cows of eight diverse breed groups. Cows in each breed group were allotted at random 1) to limit-feeding to approximate maintenance or 2) to ad libitum access to feed. The MEm values were calculated by regression of change in body energy on ME intake. The MEm values for mature Hereford, Red Poll, Hereford x Red Poll, Red Poll x Hereford, Angus x Hereford, Angus x Charolais, Brahman x Hereford, and Brahman x Angus breed types were as follows: 145, 169, 148, 149, 144, 152, 139, and 143 kcal.kg-.75.d-1, respectively. Bos indicus-cross cows ranked lowest for MEm/kg.75. Angus x Hereford cows averaged highest in terms of grams of calf weaned per mature female exposed divided by yearly MEm requirement. Hereford x Red Poll reciprocal crosses on average required 640 kcal less total daily MEm per animal than Hereford and Red Poll straightbreds.
Ethically Responsible Use of NICU Capabilities.

Resident editor introduces the October 2008 issue of Virtual Mentor on the topic of ethics in the neonatal intensive care unit. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Hillslope soil water flowpaths and the dynamics of roadside soil cation pools influenced by road deicers

Over the past 60 years, road deicers (i.e. road salt) have been applied to roadways in high latitudes to improve road conditions in winter weather. However, the dissolution of road deicers in highway runoff creates waters with high concentrations of sodium, which can mobilize soil metals via soil cation-exchange reactions. While several studies have detailed the interactions of road salt-rich solutions and surface and ground waters, less attention has been given to how local hydrologic flowpaths can impact the delivery of these solutions to near-road soils. Between 2013 and 2014, soil water samples were collected from a roadside transect of lysimeter nests in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA). Soil water samples were analysed for metal concentrations and resulting data used to examine cation dynamics. While patterns in soil water calcium and magnesium concentrations follow patterns in soil water sodium concentrations, additional processes influence patterns in soil water potassium concentrations. Specifically, we observe the highest calcium and magnesium concentrations in the deepest lysimeters, suggesting divalent cations are mobilized to, and potentially accumulate in, deeper soil horizons. In contrast, soil water potassium concentrations do not follow this pattern. Additionally, in all examined elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Cl), the timing of concentration peaks appears be influenced by a combination of both distance from the roadside and sampling depth. These relationships not only suggest that multiple soil water flowpaths interact with our study transect but also confirm that road salt plumes persist and migrate following the road salting season. Characterizing the interactions of sodium-rich solutions and roadside soil cation pools clarifies our understanding of metal dynamics in the roadside environment. A deeper understanding of these processes is necessary to effectively restore and manage watersheds as high total dissolved solid solutions (e.g. road deicing melt, unconventional natural gas brines, and marginal irrigation water) continue to influence hydrological systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sintering of Pt Nanoparticles via Volatile PtO2: Simulation and Comparison with Experiments

It is a longstanding question whether sintering of platinum under oxidizing conditions is mediated by surface migration of Pt species or through the gas phase, by PtO2(g). Clearly, a rational approach to avoid sintering requires understanding the underlying mechanism. A basic theory for the simulation of ripening through the vapor phase has been derived by Wynblatt and Gjostein. Recent modeling efforts, however, have focused entirely on surface-mediated ripening. In this work, we explicitly model ripening through PtO2(g) and study how oxygen pressure, temperature, and shape of the particle size distribution affect sintering. On the basis of the available data on α-quartz, adsorption of monomeric Pt species on the support is extremely weak and has therefore not been explicitly simulated, while this may be important for more strongly interacting supports. Our simulations clearly show that ripening through the gas phase is predicted to be relevant. Assuming clean Pt particles, sintering is generally overesti...
Institutional Learning Curve Associated with Implementation of a Magnetic Resonance/Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy Program using PI-RADS Version 2: Factors that Influence Success

Abstract Introduction We assessed the institutional learning curve associated with adopting fusion biopsy using PI-RADS™ (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System) Version 2 (v2) to detect clinically significant prostate cancer, defined as Gleason 7 or greater in men with prior negative biopsies, and identified patient and technical factors that predict success in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Methods A total of 113 consecutive patients with at least 1 prior negative biopsy and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging examination of the prostate with a PI-RADS 3 or greater index lesion underwent fusion biopsy at a single academic center previously naive to fusion biopsy technology. Outcomes include detection rates for Gleason 6 cancer, clinically significant prostate cancer and any cancer. Multiple logistic regression with model selection was used to select covariates having significant effects on the outcome. Results Prostate cancer was identified in 52% of patients with prior negative prostate biopsies. Among the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer 80% had clinically significant cancer. The clinically significant prostate cancer detection rates using fusion biopsy when a PI-RADS 3, 4 or 5 index lesion was present on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging were 6%, 46% and 66%, respectively. PI-RADS v2 score had a predictive accuracy (AUC) of 0.79 for clinically significant prostate cancer detection. Institutional experience over time, magnetic resonance imaging estimated prostate volume and PI-RADS v2 score were independent predictors of clinically significant prostate cancer using fusion biopsy. Conclusions Since fusion biopsy is a highly technique driven process, development of internal quality measures to assess the institutional learning curve and the quality of PI-RADS v2 scoring is critical with the adoption of this technology.
Use of Standard Deviations as Predictors in Models Using Large-Scale International Data Sets

ABSTRACTMeasures of variability are successfully used in predictive modeling in research areas outside of education. This study examined how standard deviations can be used to address research questions not easily addressed using traditional measures such as group means based on index variables. Student survey data were obtained from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to examine standard deviation predictors in multilevel models. These predictors and interactions explained additional variation in the dependent variable beyond the control variables. Models using biased and unbiased standard deviations were compared. Meaningful differences were found between the models. Findings supported how standard deviation predictors may increase explanatory power and accuracy of models commonly used in educational research.
NLRP6 Protects Il10−/− Mice from Colitis by Limiting Colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila

Dysfunction in host immune responses and pathologic alterations in the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, can both contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear how specific changes in host immunity or the microbiota cause disease. We previously demonstrated that the loss of the innate immune receptor NLRP6 in mice resulted in impaired production of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and increased susceptibility to epithelial-induced injury. Here, we show that NLRP6 is important for suppressing the development of spontaneous colitis in the Il10-/- mice model of IBD and that NLRP6 deficiency results in the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila. A. muciniphila was sufficient for promoting intestinal inflammation in both specific-pathogen-free and germ-free Il10-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila can act as a pathobiont to promote colitis in a genetically susceptible host and that NLRP6 is a key regulator of its abundance.
The Super Bowl as a Television Spectacle: Global Designs, Glocal Niches, and Parochial Patterns

AbstractIn the contemporary US, the Super Bowl creates the largest ‘shared experience’ in the nation. More people tune into these spectacles than attend worship services, vote in elections, or celebrate traditional holidays. Super Bowls have become such powerful elements in US national culture that television corporations and the National Football League have sought to export them to the rest of the world. Indeed, executives in the television and football industries tout potential worldwide audiences in the billions and speculate that the Super Bowl might muscle its way into the realm of the Olympics and World Cup soccer tournaments as global mega-events. In spite of corporate bluster, the Super Bowl has not become a truly international event and has not garnered widespread international passion. American pundits have speculated ceaselessly about why the Super Bowl lags behind other US cultural products in terms of global influence and fretted about how the rest of the world sees the game. Their analyses ...
TCT-327 Trends in cost, length of stay and readmission in acute myocardial infarction patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

Readmissions after index hospitalizations comprise a significant portion of rising medical expenditures in the US and are generally associated with worse clinical outcomes. Data on the impact of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on costs, length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates after MI is lacking. In
A comprehensive review of endoscopic ultrasound core biopsy needles

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition by-fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) developed over the last two decades as an attempt to overcome the limitations of fine needle aspi...
Desperately Seeking Wilco

AbstractThis article recounts my history of relationships before and during a phase of listening to the rock band Wilco. My aim is twofold: to use my recollection of musical experience to meditate on love and why it can so often go awry, and to draw out some reflections on the process of listening. The acoustic plays a special role in people's lives. Because musical sounds also act as personal aides-memoire, understanding our listening experience contributes to the recovery of personal memories and helps us make sense of our lives. We could all, therefore, gain from discovering our individual symphonies and narrating our emotion-histories. I believe there is an additional benefit to be had by sharing our musical histories as part of a more collective process. Perhaps the way that we listen to music may begin to address a profoundly important question: in a world where we are all individual and, to some degree, different, how can we find harmony?
Nucleotide profiles of the formed elements of human blood determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

The nucleotide patterns of the acid soluble extracts of the formed elements of human peripheral blood were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The patterns are remarkably reproducible for each of the respective elements, and the concentration of each major nucleotide present was determined. Erythrocytes are characterized by relatively simple nucleotide patterns with high adenine and very low guanine concentrations. The chromatograms of granulocytes and lymphocytes are difficult to distinguish from one another and demonstrate substantially greater UTP and guanine nucleotide levels than are observed in erythrocytes. The nucleotide patterns of platelets revealed a significantly lower ATP/ADP ratio than did either leukocytes or erythrocytes. The unique potential of this new technique for monitoring changes in nucleotide pools in normal and disease states is discussed.
Edward Alsworth Ross

The endeavor to establish in each sphere of social life a single, typical sequence of changes is bound to fail.
Othering Research, Researching the Other: De/Colonizing Approaches to Qualitative Inquiry

De/colonizing epistemologies challenge the imperialistic understanding and practice of research. In this chapter, the author demonstrates the influence of de/colonizing epistemologies on qualitative inquiry grounded in transnational feminism. The author focuses on the approaches taken in designing, implementing, and analyzing an ethnographic case study which explores the experiences of two female Indian graduate students in higher education within their first years of migration to the United States. The author argues that there can never be a utopian space where qualitative inquiry can be free of imperialistic ways of knowing and documenting people’s lived experiences. Therefore, a call for reflexive autoethnographic gaze along with re-presentation of messy methodological spaces, tensions, and contradictions needs to be at the forefront of de/colonizing qualitative inquiry. It is within such messiness that the author frames de/colonizing approaches with the acknowledgement of being framed herself in the process.
A 52-Gb/s ADC-Based PAM-4 Receiver With Comparator-Assisted 2-bit/Stage SAR ADC and Partially Unrolled DFE in 65-nm CMOS

The emergence of four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) standards to increase data rates motivates the use of receiver front ends that utilize high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) followed by digital signal processing (DSP) to provide robust digital equalization. This paper presents an ADC-based PAM-4 receiver employing a 32-way time-interleaved, 2-bit/stage, 6-bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC with a single capacitive reference digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a digital equalizer consisting of a 12-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) and a two-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). A new digital DFE architecture that reduces the complexity of a PAM-4 DFE to that of a binary non-return-to-zero (NRZ) DFE, while simultaneously nearly doubling the maximum achievable data rate, is presented. Partial analog equalization is provided in the receiver front end in the form of a programmable two-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and a three-tap FFE that is embedded in the ADC using a non-binary FFE DAC to improve the FFE coefficient coverage space. This partial analog equalization allows placement of the digital baud-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) system’s Mueller–Muller phase detector directly at the ADC output to avoid excessive loop delay. Fabricated in GP 65-nm CMOS, the receiver achieves 32-Gb/s operation at a bit error rate (BER) $10^{-9}$ with a 30-dB loss channel and 52-Gb/s operation at a BER $10^{-6}$ with a 31-dB loss channel without utilizing any transmit equalization. The complete ADC-based receiver achieves a 52-Gb/s power efficiency of 8.06 pJ/bit, including all the front end, ADC, and DSP power.
Aluminum Ion Implantation in MgB2 Thin Films

Superconducting magnesium diboride is a possible candidate for replacing Nb in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities because of its higher T c and potentially higher breakdown field. However, the existence of two energy gaps, the σ gap at 7.2 eV and the π gap at 2.2 eV, could impact the RF properties of MgB 2 . It has been shown that chemical doping and disorder can increase the interband scattering, thus modifying the two gaps. In this work, we performed Al ion implantation in MgB 2 thin films to introduce Al doping in the films. The Al ion implanted films showed decreases in transition temperature, from 40.4 K in the pristine films to non-superconducting above the dose of 2 × 10 14 atoms/cm 2 . An expansion in the c-axis lattice parameter with increasing dose was also observed. These results suggest that the degradation of superconductivity in the Al ion implanted films is mainly due to the ion beam damage rather than Al doping.
Decoloniality as praxis

Catherine Walsh and Walter Mignolo's On decoloniality is an un-disciplinary read, challenging the foundational logic of Western knowledge production. Building upon Anibel Quijano's work on colonial...
Caregiver-Implemented Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Coaching Components

Caregiver-implemented intervention, commonly facilitated via coaching, is an increasingly common approach to early intervention for infants and toddlers with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present systematic review examines four coaching components across the literature on caregiver-implemented intervention models for children under 36 months with or at risk for ASD. Systematic search procedures resulted in 26 studies for review. Results showed that although most studies addressed building on caregivers’ competence and guided practice, many neglected to address collaborative coaching components, including planning, reflection, and decision making. Less than a quarter of the studies reviewed described incorporating all four coaching components, highlighting remaining gaps in the literature. Implications of our findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Good Management, the Missing XYZ Variables of OR Texts

Introductory operations research and management science textbooks survey a standard set of modeling techniques: linear programming, queueing theory, inventory control, decision trees, etc. The discussion throughout focuses on decision making and often explores the possibility of purchasing additional resources to improve performance. All of the modern texts provide a rich array of real-world examples of successful OR projects. By referring to recognized best practices, we argue that there is another factor: management’s multiple roles that are missing from the problem context. We believe this gap is a factor in why other approaches to problem solving are often more visible and more marketable than OR. We provide examples of discussions of managerial oversight, leadership, and effort that could easily be added to chapters on mathematical programming and queueing, so as to place OR models in a broader context and increase their value.