cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Tilt Perception During Centrifugation in Patients with Vestibular Migraine

Vestibular migraine (VM), defined as vestibular symptoms caused by migraine mechanisms, is very common but poorly understood. Because dizziness is often provoked in VM patients when the semicircular canals and otolith organs are stimulated concurrently (e.g., tilting the head relative to gravity), we measured tilt perception and eye movements in patients with VM and in migraine and normal control subjects during fixed-radius centrifugation, a paradigm that simultaneously modulates afferent signals from the semicircular canals and otoliths organs. Twenty-four patients (8 in each category) were tested with a motion paradigm that generated an inter-aural centrifugal force of 0.36 G, resulting in a 20° tilt of the gravito-inertial force in the roll plane. We found that percepts of roll tilt developed slower in VM patients than in the two control groups, but that eye movement responses, including the shift in the eye's rotational axis, were equivalent in all three groups. These results demonstrate a change in vestibular perception in VM that is unaccompanied by changes in vestibular-mediated eye movements and suggest that either the brain's integration of canal and otolith signals or the dynamics of otolith responses are aberrant in patients with VM.
One-lung ventilation for surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Advances in the surgical approach to thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs have led to the increasing use of one-lung ventilation. Today’s practice of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia requires a c...
Modified Z-Source DC Circuit Breaker Topologies

The Z-source dc circuit breaker has been introduced as a new circuit for quickly and automatically switching off in response to faults. A modified Z-source breaker design is introduced for the operation at medium-voltage dc with future applications in naval ship power systems. Compared to existing designs, the respective design will allow for greater control of step changes in load. This new design also limits capacitor current in the circuit and can be easily modified for fault detection. Analysis of the breaker operation is presented during both the fault and step changes in load. Low-voltage laboratory validation of the breaker was carried out on two different versions of the proposed circuit.
Experience of improving achievements of skill competitions of parasitic diseases

This paper summarizes the experiences of improving the performance of skill competitions of parasitic diseases through reviewing several national and provincial races.
The study of the ultimate load capacity for downhole derricks

In this paper,we take QJ30-18 downhole derricks as example,the ultimate load capacity of this type derricks have been studied by software ANSYS.Results show that the ultimate load capacity of derricks is dominated by structural stability.In order to determine the ultimate load capacity of the derricks both geometrical and material nonlinearities must be considered.
Genetic variation analysis on HA1 gene of influenza virus subtype H3N2 in Shijiazhuang in 2009

Objective:To understand the prevalence of influenza virus subtype H3N2 and to study genetic variation characteristics of HA1 gene of influenza virus subtype H3N2 isolated in Shijiazhuang in 2009.Methods:Influenza viruses isolated were cultured in MDCK cell and subtype was tested by hemagglutination inhibition.There were 24 strains chosen randomly to be tested.Viral RNA was extracted and their HA1 genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The PCR products were sequenced,and the gene sequences were compared and analyzed with MegAlign of the biometric software DNAStar.Results:Comparing with A/Wisconsin/67/200(07～08),A/Brisbane/10/2007(08～10) vaccine strains recommended by WHO,there was a high identity of 98.2%～98.6% in amino acid and several replacements of amino acids was observed.Conclusion:The nucleotide sequence of H3N2 strain in HA1 region is similar to the vaccine strain of the same year and is not a new variant in Shijiazhuang in 2009.
Crisis and Countermeasures in Middle-Small College Libraries

There are some crises in middle-small college libraries,such as the resource crisis resulting from supernormal development of the colleges and universities,the survival crisis of libraries and post crisis of librarians due to inter-library resource sharing with the development of information techniques.It is suggested that a college library should adjust the idea of resource construction,enhance collection of characteristic documents and strengthen the culture of librarians.
The Ontology of Group Agency

We present an ontological analysis of the notion of group agency developed by Christian List and Philip Pettit. We focus on this notion as it allows us to neatly distinguish groups, organizations, corporations – to which we may ascribe agency – from mere aggregates of individuals. We develop a module for group agency within a foundational ontology and we apply it to organizations.
The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in human immunodeficiency virus-positive hemophilic men undergoing HCV "seroreversion".

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of transfusion-induced chronic liver disease in hemophiliacs, with 70% to 90% being anti-HCV positive. Seroreversion or loss of antibody response to HCV has been observed in a small proportion of human immunodeficiency virus-positive [HIV(+)] anti-HCV(+) hemophilic men. Despite the seroreversion to an anti-HCV- negative state, such patients continue to show serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations and biopsy evidence of cirrhosis and/or chronic active hepatitis. To determine the cause for the loss of anti-HCV antibody, we compared first- and second-generation anti-HCV enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA 1.0 and 2.0), second-generation recombinant immunoblot (RIBA 2.0), and HCV-RNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 19 “seroreverters” before and after seroreversion. There was no difference between 19 seroreverters and 59 persistently anti-HCV-positive hemophiliacs in mean ALT (1.1 +/- 0.1 XUL v 2.0 +/- 0.2 XUL; chi 2 = 1.80, P > .05), in mean CD4 (188 +/- 36/microL v 232 +/- 28/microL; t = 0.965, P > .05), or in the rate of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (13 of 19 [68.4%] v 30 of 59 [50.9%]; chi 2 = .987, P > .05, respectively). Before seroreversion, all 19 seroreverters (100%) were positive for EIA 1.0 and 2.0 and PCR, and all but 2 of 19 (89.5%) were RIBA 2.0 positive, whereas, after seroreversion, none were positive for EIA 1.0, 15 of 19 (78.9%) were positive for EIA 2.0, 8 of 18 (44.4%) were positive for RIBA 2.0, and 18 of 19 (94.7%) were positive for PCR. There was a lower CD4 lymphocyte number after seroreversion in those who were RIBA 2.0 negative as compared with those who were RIBA 2.0 positive (32 +/- 10/microL v 171 +/- 52/microL; t = 2.638, P > .05). These results indicate that HIV(+) anti-HCV(+) hemophilic men who undergo “HCV seroreversion” are truly infectious and anti-HCV positive by second- generation tests. Anti-HCV detection in immunosuppressed hosts is significantly improved by second-generation EIA and RIBA assays.
Balancing the Public Policy Drivers in the Tension between Privacy and Security

The public expects that technologies used in electronic commerce and government will enhance security while preserving privacy. These expectations are focused through public policy influences, implemented by law, regulation, and standards emanating from states (provincial governments), federal agencies (central governments) and international law. They are influenced through market pressures set in contracts. This chapter posits that personally identifiable information (PII) is a form of property that flows along an “information supply chain” from collection, through archival and analysis and ultimately to its use in decision-making. The conceptual framework for balancing privacy and security developed here provides a foundation to develop and implement public policies that safeguard individual rights, the economy, critical infrastructures and national security. The illusive resolution of the practical antithesis between privacy and security is explored by developing some tradeoff relationships using exemplars from various fields that identify this quandary while recognizing how privacy and security sometimes harmonize.
PulseCam: High-resolution blood perfusion imaging using a camera and a pulse oximeter

Measuring blood perfusion is important in medical care as an indicator of injury and disease. However, currently available devices to measure blood perfusion like laser Doppler flowmetry are bulky, expensive, and cumbersome to use. An alternative low-cost and portable camera-based blood perfusion measurement system has recently been proposed, but such camera-only system produces noisy low-resolution blood perfusion maps. In this paper, we propose a new multi-sensor modality, named PulseCam, for measuring blood perfusion by combining a traditional pulse oximeter with a video camera in a unique way to provide low noise and high-resolution blood perfusion maps. Our proposed multi-sensor modality improves per pixel signal to noise ratio of measured perfusion map by up to 3 dB and improves the spatial resolution by 2 — 3 times compared to best known camera-only methods. Blood perfusion measured in the palm using our PulseCam setup during a post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test replicates standard PORH response curve measured using laser Doppler flowmetry device but with much lower cost and a portable setup making it suitable for further development as a clinical device.
Beliefs about physical activity and sedentary behaviors of adults with visual impairments.

Abstract Background When exploring reasons why individuals with visual impairments (VI) may or may not engage in physical activity (PA) or sedentary behaviors (SB), theoretically grounded research on the determinants of these behaviors is scarce. Objective/Hypothesis Situated in the theory of planned behavior (TpB), the purposes of this study were to: (a) develop a theoretically-sound scale, Beliefs about Physical and Sedentary Behaviors-Visual Impairment (BAPS-VI), to determine if the constructs of TpB are useful in predicting PA and SBs of adults with VI; (b) analyze their beliefs about PA and SBs; and (c) determine which TpB constructs are the best predictors of PA behaviors. Methods Data were collected from adults with VI (n = 209, 65.5% women) using on-line survey methodology. Following reliability estimation, the PA and SB items were reduced using separate Principal Components analyses to examine the underlying dimension of the BAPS-VI in relation to TpB. A hierarchical regression model was used to determine what factors predicted self-reports of minutes of PA. Results Results supported the theoretical framework of the measure and explained 75% of the variance for intention to engage in PA and SB items, respectively. Six new variables, intention, and demographic data were then regressed on physical activity scores with only intention to engage in PA (β = 0.30, p Conclusions The development of the theoretically driven measure and results of this study can inform future research focusing on exploring PA and SBs of adults with VI.
Single-molecule analysis of ligand efficacy in β2AR–G-protein activation

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signal transduction is central to human physiology and disease intervention, yet the molecular mechanisms responsible for ligand-dependent signalling responses remain poorly understood. In class A GPCRs, receptor activation and G-protein coupling entail outward movements of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6). Here, using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, we examine TM6 movements in the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) upon exposure to orthosteric ligands with different efficacies, in the absence and presence of the Gs heterotrimer. We show that partial and full agonists differentially affect TM6 motions to regulate the rate at which GDP-bound β2AR-Gs complexes are formed and the efficiency of nucleotide exchange leading to Gs activation. These data also reveal transient nucleotide-bound β2AR-Gs species that are distinct from known structures, and provide single-molecule perspectives on the allosteric link between ligand- and nucleotide-binding pockets that shed new light on the G-protein activation mechanism.
Combining head-mounted and projector-based displays for surgical training

We introduce and present preliminary results for a hybrid display system combining head mounted and projector-based displays. Our world is motivated by a surgical training application where it is necessary to simultaneously provide both a high-fidelity view of a central close up task (the surgery) and visual awareness of objects and events in the surrounding environment. In this article, we motivate the use of a hybrid display system, discuss previous work, describe a prototype along with methods for geometric calibration, and present results from a controlled human subject experiment.This article is an invited resubmission of work presented at IEEE Virtual Reality 2003. The article has been updated and expanded to include (among other things) additional related work and more details about the calibration process.
An event-driven lens for bridging formal organizations and informal online participation: How policy informatics enables just-in-time responses to crises

Policy informatics not only gives new approaches to analyzing policy challenges, but also provides guidance for understanding new forms of organizing in the digital era. This chapter aims to investigate how technology accelerates the creation of just-in-time efforts while also lowering the barriers for joining such efforts to an increasingly diverse set of formal and informal actors who can make a meaningful contribution in the context of emergency management. In this chapter, we suggest a novel and extended lens called an ‘event-driven’ lens for integrating formal and informal responses by reviewing the literature on emergency management, crowdsourcing, open innovation, policy informatics, and digital humanitarianism. The novel lens is called an event-driven lens because crises serve as a focusing event that suddenly bring about not only the activation of formal organizations and their latent networks across the levels of government and the sectors, but also the emergence of many informal actors across the globe and from the affected communities to collectively respond to disasters or crises. Traditionally, emergency preparedness and response are in large part the role and responsibility of formal organizations like emergency management agencies and police and fire departments. Due to concurrent advances in a variety of technologies (information, communication, and artificial intelligence), informal groups of publics from both across the globe and the affected regions now regularly emerge and can play a significant role in the response through crowdsourcing vital information and assisting with the allocation of needed resources and services.
Queer potentialities and queering home in Shani Mootoo’s Cereus Blooms at Night:

This article employs queer potentiality as a reading strategy to unpack the ways in which Shani Mootoo’s Cereus Blooms at Night adroitly brings forth queer voices and visions on home and belonging ...
A Primer on Multiple Degree of Freedom Vibration Test for Aerospace and Military Applications

The aerospace and military communities have performed vibration tests for decades using a single axis or single degree of freedom (SDOF) approach. In recent years, military standards have recognized a multiple exciter or multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) approach for conducting vibration testing. This primer on MDOF vibration testing serves to introduce the topic to the IMAC community and fits with IMAC-XXXVI’s theme: Engineering Extremes.
Early Goal-Directed Invasive and Noninvasive Monitoring of High Risk Postoperative and Septic Surgical Patients Improves Outcome

Diagnosis of shock at the very earliest time may be difficult because shock is routinely recognized by imprecise signs and subjective symptoms that are observer-dependant. By contrast, shock is easy to recognize in the late stages when therapy may be ineffective. If shock could be recognized earlier and treated more vigorously to physiologic endpoints, improved outcome might be anticipated. A major problem is that shock is routinely recognized by unstable vital signs such as falling blood pressure and tachycardia plus altered mental status, cold clammy skin, weak thready pulse, and other subjective signs and symptoms. However, it is not until after the patient reaches the ICU that haemodynamic measurements are made.
Spectral Theorem for Bounded Hermitian Operators

This chapter may be viewed as a direct continuation of the linear algebra in the context of Hilbert space first discussed in Chapter V.
Towards parameter estimation in wildfire spread simulation based on sequential Monte Carlo methods

Simulation models rely on many parameters to model the structure and behavior of systems under study. To achieve accurate simulation results, there is a need to develop methods to dynamically estimate the correct set of model parameters for a given simulation scenario. In this paper, we present a method to dynamically estimate model parameters by assimilating real time data using Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. We formulate the problem of single and multiple parameter estimations based on the context of wildfire spread simulation. Preliminary results show that the developed method can be applied to parameter estimation in wildfire spread simulation to produce more accurate simulation results. The complexity and difficulties in multiple parameter estimation are discussed as well.
Evaluative Conditioning From the Perspective of the Associative-Propositional Evaluation Model

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is defined as the change in the evaluation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a positive or negative unconditioned stimulus (US). According to the associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model, EC effects can be the result of two functionally distinct learning mechanisms: associative and propositional learning. The current article reviews the core assumptions of the APE model regarding (1) the defining features of associative and propositional learning, (2) the mental representations resulting from the two learning mechanisms, (3) the processes involved in the behavioral expression of these representations, and (4) the automatic versus controlled nature of the processes underlying EC effects. In addition to reviewing the core assumptions of the APE model, the article reviews relevant evidence to illustrate the theory’s main hypotheses, its explanatory and predictive power, as well as empirical challenges for the theory.
An acoustic and perceptual analysis of children’s adaptation to an electropalatographic sensor

Previous research has investigated adults’ ability to adapt their speech to an electropalatographic (EPG) pseudopalate; however, less is known about how children adapt their speech to the presence of the device. This study examined the acoustic and perceptual effect of an EPG pseudopalate on six elementary school-aged children’s ability to produce the fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/. Speech productions were collected at eight time intervals including before placement of the pseudopalate, at 30-min increments with the pseudopalate in place, immediately following removal of the pseudopalate, and 30 min after removal. The fricative targets were produced in a carrier phrase and during spontaneous conversation. Adaptation was evaluated by measuring the fricative duration, spectral mean, spectral variance, and relative intensity, as well as a series of perceptual ratings from 20 native English listeners. Although there was a relatively high amount of variability among and within speakers, for several children evidence of adaptation was found after 30 minutes. For some participants, full adaptation did not occur until the pseudopalate was removed. Although future research is needed, it is hoped that this study will provide a greater understanding of children’s ability to adapt to the EPG pseudopalate.Previous research has investigated adults’ ability to adapt their speech to an electropalatographic (EPG) pseudopalate; however, less is known about how children adapt their speech to the presence of the device. This study examined the acoustic and perceptual effect of an EPG pseudopalate on six elementary school-aged children’s ability to produce the fricatives /s/ and /ʃ/. Speech productions were collected at eight time intervals including before placement of the pseudopalate, at 30-min increments with the pseudopalate in place, immediately following removal of the pseudopalate, and 30 min after removal. The fricative targets were produced in a carrier phrase and during spontaneous conversation. Adaptation was evaluated by measuring the fricative duration, spectral mean, spectral variance, and relative intensity, as well as a series of perceptual ratings from 20 native English listeners. Although there was a relatively high amount of variability among and within speakers, for several children evidence o...
Do Americans differ in their willingness to ride in a driverless bus

The purpose of this study was to examine a person’s willingness to ride (WTR) in an autonomous bus. Across two studies, we presented participants with hypothetical scenarios about riding in a drive...
Record-High-Q Microresonators from 650 Nm to 1550 Nm Wavelengths on a 3c-SiC-on-Insulator Platform

We report record-high-Q SiC microresonators on a 3C-SiC-on-insulator platform with ultra-low (~ 1.4 A)roughness after chemical-mechanical polishing. We demonstrate Qs of 242,000 at 1550 nm, 112,000 at 780 nm, and 83,000 at 650 nm. © 2019 The Author(s)
The Educational Placement of Visually Impaired Children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the educational placement of visually impaired children and related factors that might be helpful in the development of placement procedures for day school ...
Women’s participation in snow-sports and sense of well-being: a positive psychology approach

Participation in active leisure such as skiing and snowboarding can enhance physical and psychological health throughout life. The purpose of this study was to explore snow-sports participation exp...
The Genomic Landscape of SMARCA4 Alterations and Associations with Outcomes in Patients with Lung Cancer

Purpose: SMARCA4 mutations are among the most common recurrent alterations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the relationship to other genomic abnormalities and clinical impact has not been established. Experimental Design: To characterize SMARCA4 alterations in NSCLC, we analyzed the genomic, protein expression, and clinical outcome data of patients with SMARCA4 alterations treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering. Results: In 4,813 tumors from patients with NSCLC, we identified 8% (n = 407) of patients with SMARCA4-mutant lung cancer. We describe two categories of SMARCA4 mutations: class 1 mutations (truncating mutations, fusions, and homozygous deletion) and class 2 mutations (missense mutations). Protein expression loss was associated with class 1 mutation (81% vs. 0%, P Conclusions: SMARCA4 alterations can be divided into two clinically relevant genomic classes associated with differential protein expression as well as distinct prognostic and treatment implications. Both classes co-occur with KEAP1, STK11, and KRAS mutations, but individually represent independent predictors of poor prognosis. Despite association with poor outcomes, SMARCA4-mutant lung cancers may be more sensitive to immunotherapy.
Modeling Common Cause Failures in Systems with Triple Modular Redundancy and Repair

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is commonly employed to increase the reliability and mean time to failure (MTTF) of a system. This improvement can be shown by using a continuous time Markov chain. However, typical Markov chain models do not model common cause failures (CCF), which is a singular event that simultaneously causes failure in multiple redundant modules. This paper introduces a new Markov chain to model CCF in TMR with repair systems. This new model is compared to the idealized models of TMR with repair without CCF. The fundamental limitations that CCF imposes on the system are shown and discussed. In a motivating example, it is seen that CCF imposes a limitation of $51\times$ on the reliability improvement in a system with TMR and repair compared to a simplex system, (i.e., without TMR). A case study is also presented where the likelihood of CCF is reduced by a factor of $18\times$ using various mitigation techniques. Reducing the CCF compounds the reliability improvement of TMR with repair and leads to a overall system reliability improvement of $10,000\times$ compared to the simplex system as supported by the proposed model.
Evaluation of a personally-tailored opioid overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution intervention to promote harm reduction and treatment readiness in individuals actively using illicit opioids.

Abstract Background Opioid overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs include information on general risk factors, overdose recognition, and naloxone utilization. This study evaluated a personally-tailored OEND (PTOEND) intervention designed to promote harm reduction and treatment readiness for illicit opioid users by also including education about personal overdose-risk factors and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Method A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial testing a Peer recovery support service (PRSS) intervention, relative to Control, in adult illicit opioid users reporting treatment for an overdose in the prior 6 months. PTOEND, a 30-minute computer-guided intervention, was administered by a research assistant at the randomization visit to all participants (N = 80). Participants completed a telephone visit 3 weeks post-randomization (n = 74) to assess changes in opioid overdose/MOUD knowledge and treatment readiness. Participants completed in-person visits at 3 (n = 66), 6 (n = 58), and 12 (n = 44) months post-randomization to assess illicit opioid use and naloxone utilization (all time points) and overdose-risk behaviors (12 months). We conducted pre-post analyses of the impact of PTOEND controlling for the PRSS effect. Results PTOEND increased knowledge of overdose (79.8% to 81.5%, p Conclusions PTOEND may be effective for promoting harm reduction and treatment readiness.
Dystrophic microglia are associated with neurodegenerative disease and not healthy aging in the human brain

Loss of physiological microglial function may increase the propagation of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging; thus, we hypothesized age could be a cause of dystrophic microglia. Stereological counts were performed for total microglia, 2 microglia morphologies (hypertrophic and dystrophic) across the human lifespan. An age-associated increase in the number of dystrophic microglia was found in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. However, the increase in dystrophic microglia was proportional to the age-related increase in the total number of microglia. Thus, aging alone does not explain the presence of dystrophic microglia. We next tested if dystrophic microglia could be a disease-associated microglia morphology. Compared with controls, the number of dystrophic microglia was greater in cases with either Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. These results demonstrate that microglia dystrophy, and not hypertrophic microglia, are the disease-associated microglia morphology. Finally, we found strong evidence for iron homeostasis changes in dystrophic microglia, providing a possible molecular mechanism driving the degeneration of microglia in neurodegenerative disease.
Chemical probes for tagging mycobacterial lipids.

Abstract Mycobacteria, which cause tuberculosis and related diseases, possess a diverse set of complex envelope lipids that provide remarkable tolerance to antibiotics and are major virulence factors that drive pathogenesis. Recently, metabolic labeling and bio-orthogonal chemistry have been harnessed to develop chemical probes for tagging specific lipids in live mycobacteria, enabling a range of new basic and translational research avenues. A toolbox of probes has been developed for labeling mycolic acids and their derivatives, including trehalose-, arabinogalactan-, and protein-linked mycolates, as well as newer probes for labeling phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) and potentially other envelope lipids. These lipid-centric tools have yielded fresh insights into mycobacterial growth and host interactions, provided new avenues for drug target discovery and characterization, and inspired innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Avulsion Injuries and Ruptures of the Proximal Rectus Femoris in Skeletally Mature, High-Level Athletes: A Critical Analysis Review.

» Injuries to the proximal rectus femoris remain rare, occurring primarily in soccer and American football athletes during kicking and sprinting because of its unique biarthrodial nature. » The appropriate diagnosis is dependent on careful physical examination and imaging interpretation. » While no universal treatment algorithm has been adopted for high-level athletes, recent investigations support operative repair using suture anchors to restore strength and function in order to allow an effective return to competition while minimizing the risk of injury recurrence. » Complications following surgical management include injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and hematoma formation, and there are reports of residual pain and weakness with chronic injuries that fail the initial nonoperative treatment. » Current investigations examining outcomes following treatment remain limited, warranting additional studies that examine patient-reported results, return-to-play rates, and the role of orthobiologics and accelerated rehabilitation protocols following injury to further improve athlete health and safety.
Motivating complexity understanding by profiling energy usage

Computer science and software engineering students are typically taught to evaluate resource use in terms of time complexity. Developers use asymptotic analysis to compare algorithms by calculating how time grows as a function of input size. However, two factors have limited traditional models of complexity as pedagogical tools. First, modern systems are so fast that even relatively inefficient algorithms can quickly process large sets of data. Second, analysis is not universally engaging; only some students care about efficiency for the sake of efficiency. Our project proposes using measurements of energy consumption and the concomitant environmental impact to better engage students with efficiency and its implications. Since current students have a strong level of concern about environmental consequences, we believe energy usage data will be more concrete and motivating than differences in time and will deepen the appreciation students have for computational complexity by using real-world measurements and by tying energy usage to climate change. We also believe that these future software engineers will be better equipped to contribute to the field by understanding the broader impact of software choices and resource usage. This approach is meant to augment and give meaning to traditional measurements of computational complexity, rather than supplant them.
Chapter 9 Mutant Cytoskeletal Proteins in Hemolytic Disease

Publisher Summary Changes in red cell shape in inherited hemolytic anemias known as “hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE),” from biconcave disc to spheres, ovalocytes, elliptocytes, and fragments, suggests missing or abnormal membrane components. HE has been shown to be the result of a variety of mutations in spectrin and protein 4.1, components of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. Deficiency of ankyrin, component of the erythrocyte skeleton, has been shown to cause severe spherocytic hemolytic anemia. A recessive form of HS has been shown to be associated with a point mutation in the ninth repeat unit of the spectrin α subunit. The function of the cytoskeleton is to give the red cell the stability and deformability required for its passage, intact through the smallest capillaries of the circulatory system. Mutation of any cytoskeletal component that impairs its deformability and mechanical stability may significantly decrease red cell survival. This chapter discusses the detection and characterization of spectrin mutants in HE, mutant forms of protein 4.1 in HE, and HS. HS and HE may be the result of inadequate production of or mutations and deletions in spectrin, ankyrin, and protein 4.1. It is possible that deficiencies or mutations of less abundant skeletal proteins, for example 4.2 and 4.9, may also cause abnormal red cell shape and life span. It can be speculated that mutational events in transmembrane proteins may be responsible for changes in the red cell volume, shape, and survival, as observed in stomatocytosis, and the rarer disorders of cell volume known as “dessicocytosis and xerocytosis.” Characterization of the mutant red cell membrane proteins, causing hemolytic states, has enhanced the understanding of the structure and function of the normal erythrocyte cytoskeleton.
Captive for Life: Conserving Extinct in the Wild Species through Ex Situ Breeding

Are there “fates worse than death,” to use Kurt Vonnegut’s title? Is captivity one such fate? Captive for Life examines these questions through the lens of conservation biology’s ex situ models of captive management — and captive breeding in particular — for wild animals, and especially for species that have been designated as Critically Endangered or as Extinct in the Wild. Drawing on interviews with leading conservation biologists, the chapter describes the erosion of the distinctions between species management in captivity and in wild nature, often referred to among experts as ex situ and in situ conservation. The chapter examines situations in which the extinction, or near-extinction, of a species in the wild is imminent, and a captive breeding program is initiated — typically by zoos — to ensure this species’ survival. Finally, I hint toward the possibility of abandoning the “in” and “out” paradigm, that has so characterized modern conservation narratives, in favor of an understanding of conservation that focuses on a more dynamic and less predetermined view of ecosystems and populations. Such a holistic model breaks with the bifurcations of modern conservation to offer relational configurations for managing wild life.
The BML sequencer: a tool for authoringmulti-character animations

The BML sequencer is a tool to allow artists to create SmartBody compliant BML [4] animation sequences for multiple virtual humans. SmartBody [3] allows for complex behavior realization, synchronizing speech recordings with non-verbal behaviors by using the Behavior Markup Language (BML) [4]. However, there remain two problems for using BML and smartbody to achieve the vision that an artist has for animating the character: the authoring problem and multi-party behavior syncronization. The BML Sequencer addresses both.
Heat-Sensitive Early Function in Induced λ Nsus Lysogens

Mutations in gene N of lambda prevent killing of the host bacterium after infection. However, derepression of Nsus prophages in nonpermissive (pm(-)) bacteria results in death of the lysogens. When prophages in pm(-)(lambdaCItsA-Nsus) lysogens are derepressed by raising the temperature to 45 C, the cells remain viable as long as they are at 45 C. However, they cannot form colonies at 33 C unless they have been superinfected, at the high temperature, by lambdaCI(+)-Nsus phage which produces repressor at 45 C. A large fraction of these "rescued," heat-inducible lysogens are lysogenized by the superinfecting phage, but lysogenization is not required for rescue. In pm(-)(lambdaCItsA-Nsus) lysogens growing at 45 C, the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis shows a characteristic increase after the temperature is lowered. This increased DNA synthesis, which is correlated with loss of rescue potential, does not occur as long as the cultures are maintained at 45 C.
A systems view of epigenetic networks regulating pancreas development and β-cell function

The development of the pancreas and determination of endocrine cell fate are controlled by a highly complex interplay of signaling events and transcriptional networks. It is now known that an interconnected epigenetic program is also required to drive these processes. Recent studies using genome-wide approaches have implicated epigenetic regulators, such as DNA and histone-modifying enzymes and noncoding RNAs, to play critical roles in pancreas development and the maintenance of cell identity and function. Furthermore, genome-wide analyses have implicated epigenetic changes as a casual factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the future, genomic approaches to further our understanding of the role of epigenetics in endocrine cell development and function will be useful for devising strategies to produce or manipulate β-cells for therapies of diabetes.
Reliability and technology scaling beyond the 10nm node

The rapid pace of technological progress over the past 40 years would not have been possible without a concomitant improvement in long — term reliability of circuits [1]. Despite significant challenges, circuit reliability has been maintained, preventing it from constraining the rate of scaling. Looking forward, we anticipate almost continual innovation in the architecture and materials of transistors and interconnect. In this paper we will examine the reliability issues that have the potential to impact the future pace of technology progression.
METHICILLIN-INDUCED LYSOZYME-SENSITIVE FORMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI

Aldrich, K. M. (The University of Kansas, Lawrence), and C. P. Sword. Methicillin-induced lysozyme-sensitive forms of staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 87: 690–695. 1964.— Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis grown in the presence of sublethal amounts of methicillin were converted to enlarged spheres within 2 to 4 hr, as shown by phase microscopy, Gram stain, and electron microscopy. Addition of lysozyme to cells incubated in the presence of methicillin, and to methicillin-induced spheres suspended in hypotonic saline, caused lysis of methicillin-treated cells but not of untreated cells. Images
Federal Trade Commission Act

This article describes the Federal Trade Commission Act, which is one of the three primary antitrust laws in the United States. Its proscriptions against unfair and deceptive business practices, including advertising, are identified. Varying interpretations of the meaning of the word deceptive are also presented. In addition, an overview of the Commission's organizational structure and enforcement process is provided. Keywords: antitrust; deceptive; advertising
Abdominal Wall and Hernias

The anterior abdominal wall may be considered to have two parts: an anterolateral portion composed of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles; and a midline portion composed of the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles.
Assessing business advantage in Washington lobbying

Popular accounts of business involvement in politics typically suggest that business interests enjoy relatively unfettered success in getting what they want from government. Scholarly work is more equivocal. In this article we use a random sample of 98 policy issues between 1998 and 2002 to examine whether business interests and other advocates get what they want from the policy process, and how their rate of success varies when they face different types of opponents. We find that business’ efforts to affect public policy typically draw challenges from other types of interests. In the face of opposition, business is less likely relative to citizen interests to achieve its goals. But business does appear to have an advantage in the relatively rare instances when it acts to advance its interests on issues that do not draw opposition or interest from other actors. Under these circumstances, it is much more likely than other types of advocates who face no opposition to realize its policy goals. Our findings clarify how the nature and framing of issues and a favorable political climate can prove essential to business’ prospects for achieving policy success.
Clinical aspects of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: A clinical study of 14 cases

Abstract The clinical data of 14 primary carcinomas of the Fallopian tube presented represent one of the largest series in the past two decades. Only one of 14 cases was diagnosed correctly before laparotomy, and vaginal cytology was negative for malignant cells in 12 instances. When present, the diagnostic triad is reliable, a high index of suspicion should be aroused, and exploratory laparotomy should be performed. Minimal therapy should include total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Postoperative external radiation had significant beneficial effects in 7 out of 8 patients. More extensive pelvic operation is indicated on a selective basis, and chemotherapy as an adjuvant deserves further consideration. Five of 14 patients are living without disease 2 to 10 years after adequate therapy. A clinical staging similar to ovarian carcinoma (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians) is advocated.
North–south component of galactic cosmic ray anisotropy at 1 AU

Abstract The galactic cosmic ray (GCR) solar diurnal anisotropy (SDA) may be represented by a vector (A; Ar, Aφ, Aθ) in a spherical polar coordinate system centered on the sun. We reported (elsewhere) the results of a detailed study of time variations of yearly radial (Ar) and east–west (Aφ) components recorded by the global network of the neutron monitors (NMs) with a long track record for 1963–2013, for four sunspot number (SSN) cycles (20–23) and the rising phase of cycle 24. A powerful new technique is used to compute and study time variations of the transverse component (Aθ) due to off-ecliptic GCR contributions, with the same NM data; GCR radial particle density gradient (Gr) drives all three components. The north–south anisotropy (Aθ) is computed from yearly NM data (Gϕ = 0), a flat heliospheric current sheet (HCS) model and the concept of GCR isotropic hard sphere scattering in the solar wind plasma. Relationships to SSN, rigidity and solar polarity intervals are studied. For a positive (p-) polarity the solar magnetic field in the northern hemisphere points outward and GCRs drift from polar regions toward equatorial plane and out along HCS, setting up a symmetric gradient (Gθs) pointing away from HCS (there is a local GCR density minimum on HCS); for n-polarity interval Gθs points towards HCS (there is a local GCR density maximum on HCS). Also, there exists a heliospheric asymmetric density gradient (Gθa) perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, it is the main contributor to Aθ for the period of our analysis. This is the most interesting and significant insight.
Patterns of disruption of a lateralized discrimination by unilateral cortical spreading depression

Rats were trained to contact drinking spouts to the left or right of their heads in response to stimulation of the left or right trigeminal nerves. The same side group (N = 9) contacted the spout on the same side as the stimulated nerve to get saccharin water; the opposite side group (N = 8) contacted the spout on the side opposite to the stimulated nerve. At the start of acquisition, the same side group made more correct responses than errors of commission; the opposite side group made fewer. Unilateral cortical spreading depression increased errors of commission, errors of omission, response latency, and intertrial responding. The animals tended to respond on the spout ipsilateral to the depressed hemisphere and, for the opposite side group, on the spout on the same side as the stimulated nerve.
In vivo analysis of oligodendrocyte lineage development in postnatal FGF2 null mice.

Analysis of fibroblast growth factor 2 null (FGF2−/−) and wild-type (FGF2+/+) mice was used to interpret the potential in vivo role of endogenous FGF2 on oligodendrocyte lineage cell (OLC) responses during oligodendrogenesis and myelination. In wild-type mouse spinal cord, FGF2 levels increased approximately threefold between the first and second postnatal weeks, a period corresponding with the peak of oligodendrogenesis. Absence of this developmental FGF2 elevation in FGF2−/− mice eliminated the transient overproduction of oligodendrocytes that is known to occur at the peak of oligodendrogenesis in wild-type mice. Absence of FGF2 did not affect oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) density or proliferation, based on BrdU incorporation, and also did not alter survival, based on TUNEL analysis. To examine OLC differentiation in vivo, retrovirus encoding-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the spinal cord to heritably label endogenous cycling cells in the white matter at postnatal day 7 and then identify the generated cells at postnatal day 28. Phenotypes of cells expressing GFP were identified by morphology and immunolabeling, using CC1 for oligodendrocytes and NG2 combined with platelet-derived growth factor α receptor for OPs. Within the population of GFP-labeled cells, the proportion of oligodendrocytes was higher in FGF2−/− mice, indicating that endogenous FGF2 inhibited OLC differentiation in wild-type mice. Furthermore, in FGF2−/− mice fewer cells appeared to be generated from an initial retrovirus-labeled cell, consistent with more frequent differentiation into post-mitotic oligodendrocytes. This in vivo analysis demonstrates that the predominant role of endogenous FGF2 on OLCs in development is inhibition of differentiation. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Political Solidarity and the More-Than-Human World

In Political Solidarity I argued that political solidarity requires a decisionmaking model that acknowledges differences in social and epistemological privilege while also seeking to understand the situation of oppression or injustice and grant “multiple, overlapping, and at times contradictory knowledge claims.” Such an argument raises questions about the possibilities for participation of the more-than-human world in political solidarity. My human-centered account in the book argues that we cannot join in political solidarity with the more-than-human world, but that may not be the end of the story. In this paper, I address two environmental-philosophy-based challenges to my account—coming from the work of Shelley Wilcox and Chaone Mallory. I respond to their astute criticism and offer a third alternative for solidarity with the more-than-human world. This alternative attends to the needs for a radical rethinking of the solidaristic relation between humans and the more-than-human world, while also trying to carve out space for a political solidarity on behalf of those who cannot speak for themselves in the political arena (rather than with ) without assuming social and epistemological privilege on the part of humans.