cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miniature radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna for 2.4 GHz band

Reconfigurable antennas offer the possibility of changing characteristics over time to maintain a high quality wireless communications link as the propagation environment changes. Radiation pattern reconfigurable antennas are of particular interest because manipulation of the radiation pattern enables avoidance of noise source, improved security by directing signals only toward intended users, avoidance of signal fades, improved beam steering capability of phased array systems, and increased diversity gain [1]. Various designs have been proposed [2] to achieve radiation pattern and frequency reconfiguration.
Climbing the Corporate Ladder Becoming Aware of the Rungs

This article describes an audience analysis exercise that offers a striking series of examples of how one business communication textbook has been adapted over the years by its authors to accommodate these authors' changing perceptions of their audience. The exercise also attempts to make students aware of their own involvement in various discourse communities by means of a letter-writing activity and subsequent classroom discussion. Additionally, this article argues for the need to help students become aware of how the values and presuppositions of discourse communities affect communications within those communities.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF HYDROGEN BONDING

Hydrogen bonding is a very significant type of interaction, and is of widespread occurrence. According to Pimentel and McClellan,(1) a hydrogen bond exists between a functional group A—H and an atom or a group of atoms D in the same or a different molecule when there is evidence of bond formation, and when the bond linking A—H and D involves the hydrogen atom already bonded to A. The infrared method, based mainly on intensity measurements of the band assigned to the monomeric species, has been used extensively in the determination of equilibrium constants of hydrogen-bonded systems. It offers the advantages that different hydrogen-bonded complexes can be distinguished, and that relatively low concentrations can be used. For very weak complexes, however, the infrared method has not proved to be a sufficiently sensitive probe of the quantitative aspects of hydrogen bonding. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in such cases provides a sensitive measure of interaction, because it permits the measurement of frequencies, which can be done very accurately, rather than intensities, which are more subject to uncertainty. This chapter describes several ways in which NMR is used to obtain equilibrium constants and thermodynamic functions of various hydrogen-bonded systems. In addition, an application of hydrogen-bonding data to the determination of the preferred form of a β-diketone is given.
Imaging gamma-ray sources with a Compton Double Scatter telescope using the Expectation Maximization Maximum Likelihood (EMML) technique

An Expectation Maximization Maximum Likelihood method (EMML) introduced by T.J. Hebert has been expanded and used to reconstruct gamma-ray source images. The specific application of this technique to Compton double scatter data is discussed in this paper. This method shows reliable results for low event counts such as from weak sources or short data acquisition times. Results for simulation and calibration data for fixed and moving sources are presented. The response function of the detector used and the background subtraction are discussed. The method is sensitive to sources with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1%. This method is being used to analyze the 1989 balloon flight data collected by the University of California, Riverside Double Scatter Compton telescope flown at Fort Sumner, New Mexico. Results from the Crab region are shown. >
Swa2, the yeast homolog of mammalian auxilin, is specifically required for the propagation of the prion variant [URE3‐1]

Summary Yeast prions require a core set of chaperone proteins including Sis1, Hsp70 and Hsp104 to generate new amyloid templates for stable propagation, yet emerging studies indicate that propagation of some prions requires additional chaperone activities, demonstrating chaperone specificity beyond the common amyloid requirements. To comprehensively assess such prion-specific requirements for the propagation of the [URE3] prion variant [URE3-1], we screened 12 yeast cytosolic J-proteins, and here we report a novel role for the J-protein Swa2/Aux1. Swa2 is the sole yeast homolog of the mammalian protein auxilin, which, like Swa2, functions in vesicle-mediated endocytosis by disassembling the structural lattice formed by the protein clathrin. We found that, in addition to Sis1, [URE3-1] is specifically dependent upon Swa2, but not on any of the 11 other J-proteins. Further, we show that [URE3-1] propagation requires both a functional J-domain and the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, but surprisingly does not require Swa2-clathrin binding. Because the J-domain of Swa2 can be replaced with the J-domains of other proteins, our data strongly suggest that prion-chaperone specificity arises from the Swa2 TPR domain and supports a model where Swa2 acts through Hsp70, most likely to provide additional access points for Hsp104 to promote prion template generation.
Wireless Modular Control Hardware Architecture for Hybrid Mechanism Mobile Robot

This paper presents a new generalized control hardware architecture based on embedded on-board wireless communication network between robot's links and modules such as the actuators and sensors. This approach results in modular control hardware architecture since no cable connections are used between the actuators and sensors in each of a given mobile robot subsystems (links). The effectiveness of this approach is experimentally demonstrated and validated by implementing it with a hybrid mobile robot mechanism as a case study. The hybrid mobile robot mechanism integrates the locomotion mechanism and manipulator arm mechanism as one entity to support both locomotion and manipulation simultaneously and interchangeably.
Blind channel estimation for multicarrier systems with narrowband interference suppression

We present herein a novel blind channel estimator for multicarrier (MC) systems in the presence of unmodeled narrowband interference. A generalized multichannel minimum variance principle is invoked to design an equalizing filterbank that preserves desired signal components and suppresses the overall interference. While a channel estimate may be obtained by directly maximizing the filterbank output power through multidimensional nonlinear searches, such an approach is computationally prohibitive and suffers local convergence. To overcome this difficulty, we derive an asymptotically (in SNR) tight lower bound of the filterbank output power and use it for channel estimation, which reduces the problem to a quadratic minimization. Numerical examples show that the proposed scheme compares favorably with a subspace blind channel estimator in the presence of unknown narrowband interference.
Probability map building of uncertain dynamic environments with indistinguishable obstacles

This paper proposes a method to build a probability map of the environment for navigation. It is assumed that the environment has multiple indistinguishable moving obstacles and the vehicle has limited sensor range and, therefore, lacks global information. The probability map is updated through the measurement and the probabilistic model of the obstacles. The model is obtained from a priori statistics of their movement. Probabilistic data association method is used to track multiple obstacles even after the vehicle loses tracking of some obstacles. The error bound of the algorithm is also analyzed.
Eating disorder diagnostic scale: additional evidence of reliability and validity.

The authors conducted 4 studies investigating the reliability and validity of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS; E. Stice, C. F. Telch, & S. L. Rizvi, 2000), a brief self-report measure for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Study 1 found that the EDDS showed criterion validity with interview-based diagnoses, convergent validity with risk factors for eating pathology, and internal consistency. Studies 2 and 3 found that the EDDS was sufficiently sensitive to detect the effects of eating disorder prevention programs. Regarding predictive validity, Studies 3 and 4 found that the EDDS predicted response to a prevention program and future onset of eating pathology and depression. Results provide additional evidence of the reliability and validity of this scale and suggest it may be useful in clinical and research applications. Eating disorders are a common psychiatric problem faced by adolescent girls and young women and are marked by chronicity, relapse, and functional impairment (Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, Norman, & O’Connor, 2000; Lewinsohn, Striegel-Moore, & Seeley, 2000). Eating disorders are also associated with serious medical
Axial dispersion in liquid flow through packed beds

Step-function injection and purging of a dilute salt tracer in water was used to measure axial dispersion for low Reynolds number liquid flow through beds of uniform sized, random packed glass spheres. The resultant data and those of several previous studies are coordinated and interpreted in terms of Reynolds, Schmidt, and Peclet numbers.
Ecological context shapes hybridization dynamics

Gene exchange among oak species (Quercus) in Europe is known to be pervasive and to complicate population genetic studies of this species complex. A study in this issue of Molecular Ecology adds geographical and stand-level resolution to the patterns of genetic variation among four species and documents the relatively high frequency of hybrids (10.7-30.5% of trees in a population, including hybrids between all pairs of species; Lepais et al. 2009). In addition, the authors show that the relative abundance of parental species affects the genetic composition of hybrids and shifts the average direction of introgression. Variation in the relative abundance of parental species is one example of how the ecological context of hybridization can influence the dynamics and outcome of contact between species and represents an opportunity to investigate the components of reproductive isolation between species. This research raises several questions about the dynamics of hybridization in this well-studied species complex, and highlights methodological and conceptual issues associated with contemporary research on hybridization.
COMPUTER MODELS FOR SUBASSEMBLY SIMULATION

Abstract Two-dimensional finite element models for the treatment of the nonlinear, transient response of fluids and structures are described. The fluid description is quasi-Eulerian, so that the mesh can move independently of the material and it includes a new finite element upwinding scheme. The structural description is based on a corotational formulation in which the coordinate system is embedded in the elements, and which is applicable to arbitrarily large rotations. The interface between the fluid and structure permits relative sliding, but because of the quasi-Eulerian fluid description the nodes of the fluid and structure can be allowed to remain contiguous. Modelling procedures for treating the various aspects of subassemblies, such as the narrow fluid channels, the fuel bundles which are immersed in the coolant, and the axial flow, are developed. Calculations are made for a symmetric seven-subassembly cluster and compared to experimental results. In addition, the application to a 19-subassembly cluster is described.
Variability in Humoral Immunity to Measles Vaccine: New Developments

Despite the existence of an effective measles vaccine, resurgence in measles cases in the USA and across Europe has occurred, including in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine. Host genetic factors result in inter-individual variation in measles vaccine-induced antibodies, and play a role in vaccine failure. Studies have identified HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and non-HLA genetic influences that individually or jointly contribute to the observed variability in the humoral response to vaccination among healthy individuals. In this exciting era, new high-dimensional approaches and techniques including vaccinomics, systems biology, GWAS, epitope prediction and sophisticated bioinformatics/statistical algorithms provide powerful tools to investigate immune response mechanisms to the measles vaccine. These might predict, on an individual basis, outcomes of acquired immunity post measles vaccination.
The Mating System of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in a Large Highway Bridge Colony

We observed mating by Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in central Texas between 21 March and 5 April 1998. We documented copulations in large and small day roosts and in temporary night roosts. Focal animal sampling at a highway bridge revealed an aggressive and a passive male copulation strategy that may function as adaptations to different roost conditions. During aggressive copulation, the male separates a female from a roost cluster and restricts her movements during mating while he emits characteristic calls. During passive copulation, the male moves very slowly onto a female that roosts in a dense cluster. Passive copulations occur without resistance from the female and without male vocalizations. Both males and females mate with multiple partners, suggesting that mating is promiscuous. The mating system in a large highway bridge colony is characterized as mating aggregations or swarming because mating occurs in large, temporally unstable multimale and multifemale mating groups, with no apparent male territories or defense of females.
Multidimensional Separation Using HILIC and SCX Pre-fractionation for RP LC-MS/MS Platform with Automated Exclusion List-based MS Data Acquisition with Increased Protein Quantification.

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based proteomics is one of the most widely used analytical platforms for global protein discovery and quantification. One of the challenges is the difficulty of identifying low abundance biomarker proteins from limited biological samples. Extensive fractionation could expand proteomics dynamic range, however, at the cost of high sample and time consumption. Extensive fractionation would increase the sample need and the labeling cost. Also quantitative proteomics depending on high resolution MS have the limitation of spectral acquisition speed. Those practical problems hinder the in-depth quantitative proteomics analysis such as tandem mass tag (TMT) experiments. We found the joint use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and strong cation exchange Chromatography (SCX) prefractionation at medium level could improve MS/MS efficiency, increase proteome coverage, shorten analysis time and save valuable samples. In addition, we scripted a program, Exclusion List Convertor (ELC), which automates and streamlines data acquisition workflow using the precursor ion exclusion (PIE) method. PIE reduces redundancy of high abundance MS/MS analyses by running replicates of the sample. The precursor ions detected in the initial run(s) are excluded for MS/MS in the subsequent run. We compared PIE methods with standard data dependent acquisition (DDA) methods running replicates without PIE for their effectiveness in quantifying TMT-tagged peptides and proteins in mouse tears. We quantified a total of 845 proteins and 1401 peptides using the PIE workflow, while the DDA method only resulted in 347 proteins and 731 peptides. This represents a 144% increase of protein identifications as a result of PIE analysis.
Energy and Momentum

In the preceding chapter we saw that the propagation of electromagnetic waves in empty space is a mathematical consequence of Maxwell’s Equations. And in Sect. 1.12.2 we saw that Maxwell and Hertz were aware that the waves would transport energy and momentum. Hertz also calculated the energy in the waves he observed using the theory of Poynting. And final experimental confirmation that light waves carry momentum was in 1899 ([97], p. 307). In this chapter we will develop a consistent formulation of field energy and momentum based on the fact that the reality of the fields must be reflected in general energy and momentum theorems.
Semi-supervised multi-label learning with incomplete labels

The problem of incomplete labels is frequently encountered in many application domains where the training labels are obtained via crowd-sourcing. The label incompleteness significantly increases the difficulty of acquiring accurate multi-label prediction models. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised multi-label method that integrates low-rank label matrix recovery into the manifold regularized vector-valued prediction framework to address multi-label learning with incomplete labels. The proposed method is formulated as a convex but non-smooth joint optimization problem over the latent label matrix and the prediction model parameters. We then develop a fast proximal gradient descent with continuation algorithm to solve it for a global optimal solution. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated on multiple multi-label datasets, comparing to related methods that handle incomplete labels.
Increasing Accessibility with a Visual Sign System: A Case Study

Visual sign systems have become an essential means of communication in places where large numbers of people of different nationalities gather, such as at international airports and the Olympic Games. That they can effectively increase accessibility among users not necessarily sharing a common language speaks to their potential usefulness in other situations. A homeless shelter in a western North Carolina community received funding to build a new facility. With the clientele's widely diverse communication abilities, including those who are illiterate or have limited reading skills, those who are non-native speakers knowing little to no English, and those who are coming from different cultural contexts, a visual sign system was designed to facilitate navigation for all visitors. Using Peirce's theory of signs, Neurath's ISOTYPE, and the least action principle borrowed from physics as a framework, this case study shows how the signs were designed and usability tested to ensure increased accessibility.
The Roles and Responsibilities of the Neonatologist in Complex Fetal Medicine: Providing a Continuum of Care

Advances in prenatal imaging and genetic testing have increased the ability to diagnose fetal anomalies earlier in pregnancy and with greater accuracy and detail. These advances prompted the development of fetal interventions aimed at reducing mortality or significant long-term morbidity, thus ushering in a new era of fetal medicine and the creation of fetal centers. Despite these innovations, infants with congenital anomalies often require intensive care from the moment they are born, have lengthy initial hospitalizations, and require substantial continued care and services after discharge. The complexity and variety of fetal diagnoses underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach beginning in fetal life, and the neonatologist is central to this collaborative effort. With a background in general pediatrics and neonatal-perinatal medicine, the neonatologist is uniquely positioned to contribute to the clinical operations of a fetal center, from counseling the expectant mother to directing a complex delivery room resuscitation, providing continuing care through the neonatal period, and preparing families for transitioning care through childhood.
Reduction in Syrinx Size and Severity After Venous Sinus Stenting in a Patient With Pseudotumor Cerebri and Chiari Malformation: Technical Case Report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Pseudotumor cerebri and Chiari I malformation are found to coexist in a subset of patients. Surgical cranial decompression has been the mainstay of Chiari malformation management, whereas venous sinus stenting has emerged as an effective treatment modality for pseudotumor cerebri. Gaps in our current understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and the pathophysiology behind CSF-related disorders present difficulties in the simultaneous management of these conditions. A case is presented of the successful management of both conditions with venous sinus stenting, with sustained improvement in symptoms and structural abnormalities of the Chiari malformation and associated syrinxes. CLINICAL PRESENTATION An obese woman in her 20s with a history of occipital headaches who presented with progressively worsening intermittent visual obscurations was diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri, Chiari I malformation, and associated spinal syrinxes. Magnetic resonance venography demonstrated right transverse sinus narrowing with an elevated pressure gradient. Successful endovascular intervention with venous sinus stenting achieved normalization of the venous sinus pressure gradient and symptomatic improvement. After stenting, the cervical syrinx was observed to have decreased in size, with a decrease in the extent of cerebellar tonsillar herniation and an increase in CSF signal around the cerebellar tonsils. CONCLUSION Venous sinus stenting for treatment of concomitant pseudotumor cerebri and Chiari I malformation can be effective in patients demonstrating transverse sinus stenosis.
Collagen is a survival factor against LPS-induced apoptosis in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes direct pulmonary endothelial injury that can precipitate cell death. We investigated the ability of LPS to produce apoptosis in sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAEC) grown in monolayer on plastic or collagen. When SPAEC were grown on plastic, LPS (100 ng/ml) caused internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (IDF) to 180- to 200-base pair ladders after 4 h. Higher-order chromatin damage, producing 50-kilobase DNA fragments, occurred within 2 h. Significant DNA strand breaks were seen in attached cells within 1 h incubation with > or = 1 ng LPS/ml, using in situ labeling by break extension (ISBE). DNA strand breakage in attached cells peaked after 2 h and remained elevated after 4 h. Detachment of SPAEC from the monolayer did not begin until 4 h. SPAEC cultured on collagen were protected from LPS-induced apoptosis; DNA damage measured by IDF, high-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation, and ISBE were suppressed. The protective effect of collagen was not due to inactivation of LPS. Thus LPS-induced apoptosis occurs in SPAEC after genotoxic damage and this process is suppressed by the extracellular matrix.
Hypercaloric glycerol in injured patients.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the effects of glycerol as a fuel source in the hypermetabolic patient (after injury). METHODS: Twenty-two patients were studied after multiple trauma and randomly assigned to either glucose or glycerol as the carbohydrate source (220 gm glycerol or 320 gm dextrose) during a lipid-based system of parenteral nutrition. In the immediate postoperative period, measurements were made of nitrogen balance, substrates, energy expenditure, insulin, glucagon, and liver function tests. RESULTS: In the glycerol group glucose concentrations in plasma were significantly lower, whereas glycerol levels increased nearly twentyfold. Insulin and glucagon levels increased in both groups; however, the rise in insulin level was greater in the glucose group, whereas glucagon increased in both groups to a similar degree. Nitrogen balance was restored to equilibrium in the glycerol group while remaining negative in the glucose group. No abnormalities in liver function test results or differences in serum albumin levels were noted in either group. A 12% thermic effect was noted in the glucose group but not in the glycerol group. CONCLUSIONS: Glycerol seems to be a viable fuel source in the traumatized patient, being associated with nitrogen retention and minimal thermal effect. A marked rise in plasma levels of glycerol does occur, but this does not appear to have any associated toxicity.
Evaluation of adaptive treatment planning for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to develop metrics to evaluate uncertainties in deformable dose accumulation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Initial treatment plans (primary) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) images were retrospectively processed for seven NSCLC patients, who showed significant tumor regression during the course of treatment. Each plan was developed with IMRT for 2 Gy × 33 fractions. A B-spline-based DIR algorithm was used to register weekly CBCT images to a reference image acquired at fraction 21 and the resultant displacement vector fields (DVFs) were then modified using a finite element method (FEM). The doses were calculated on each of these CBCT images and mapped to the reference image using a tri-linear dose interpolation method, based on the B-spline and FEM-generated DVFs. Contours propagated from the planning image were adjusted to the residual tumor and OARs on the reference image to develop a secondary plan. For iso-prescription adaptive plans (relative to initial plans), mean lung dose (MLD) was reduced, on average from 17.3 Gy (initial plan) to 15.2, 14.5 and 14.8 Gy for the plans adapted using the rigid, B-Spline and FEM-based registrations. Similarly, for iso-toxic adaptive plans (considering MLD relative to initial plans) using the rigid, B-Spline and FEM-based registrations, the average doses were 69.9 ± 6.8, 65.7 ± 5.1 and 67.2 ± 5.6 Gy in the initial volume (PTV1), and 81.5 ± 25.8, 77.7 ± 21.6, and 78.9 ± 22.5 Gy in the residual volume (PTV21), respectively. Tumor volume reduction was correlated with dose escalation (for isotoxic plans, correlation coefficient = 0.92), and with MLD reduction (for iso-fractional plans, correlation coefficient = 0.85). For the case of the iso-toxic dose escalation, plans adapted with the B-Spline and FEM DVFs differed from the primary plan adapted with rigid registration by 2.8 ± 1.0 Gy and 1.8 ± 0.9 Gy in PTV1, and the mean difference between doses accumulated using the B-spline and FEM DVF's was 1.1 ± 0.6 Gy. As a dose mapping-induced energy change, energy defect in the tumor volume was 20.8 ± 13.4% and 4.5 ± 2.4% for the B-spline and FEM-based dose accumulations, respectively. The energy defect of the B-Spline-based dose accumulation is significant in the tumor volume and highly correlated to the difference between the B-Spline and FEM-accumulated doses with their correlation coefficient equal to 0.79. Adaptive planning helps escalate target dose and spare normal tissue for patients with NSCLC, but deformable dose accumulation may have a significant loss of energy in regressed tumor volumes when using image intensity-based DIR algorithms. The metric of energy defect is a useful tool for evaluation of adaptive planning accuracy for lung cancer patients.
Poetico-Mathematical Women and The Ladies’ Diary

Late in the year of 1703 a small 40-page octavo almanac entitled The Ladies’ Diary: or, the Womens Almanack, for the Year of our Lord, 1704 containing Directions of Love and Marriage, of Cookery, Preserving, Perfumery, Bills of Fare for every Month, and many other things peculiar to the Fair Sex appeared on booksellers’ shelves priced at three pence.1 Initially compiled by John Tipper, then the master of Bablake School and a Coventry tutor, the Diary was an immediate hit.2 ‘Containing many delightful and entertaining particulars, particularly adopted for the use and diversion of the fair-sex,’ The Ladies’ Diary was designed to be accessible while also being just a bit more special than its two-pence competitors.3 The Stationer’s Company, which held the rights to print all almanacs even as the Licensing Act lapsed, set the price against the protest of Tipper. The fate of an almanac depended a great deal on early sales successes and competition was fierce. Almanacs were, mid-century, England’s most numerous publications and sales had only tapered slightly in the early eighteenth century.4 Writing to his friend and advisor Humphrey Wanley, Tipper noted the numerous competing titles and worried that The Ladies’ Diary was too expensive to compete effectively in the crowded marketplace.5 His concerns seem to have been unwarranted; the Diary was extremely competitive. According to Tipper, the first run sold out quickly and 4000 copies of the second edition were sold by January 1705.6 To give a sense of the scale this represents, ‘this means that as early as the second year of this specialized almanac, one copy had been sold for every five hundred literate individuals in England.’7 At the high point in the middle of the eighteenth century roughly 30,000 copies a year were sold and the title sold continuously for 137 years.8
Data transpositioning with content-based image retrieval

Currently, when data is collected, it is usually collected for a specific need or situation. This includes text and image data. When a new need or situation arises, the data collection process repeats, often without referencing the original data collected for previous situations. Data Transpositioning is a search methodology that leverages the context of a previous manual search process, to formulate a new automated search with new results. As a result, the data collection process for one situation, can quickly be applied to another situation, but with less user effort. Thus, a set of new results can quickly be constructed without the user manually revisiting each of the originating sources. In the case of Content-Based Image Retrieval, the idea is to identify the content attributes of an image, such as a particular color, shape or texture, and apply changes to the originating query, and return a new set of results with the similar attributes. Data Transpositioning has been successfully applied to the result sets that contain text. Our goal is to continue this research beyond text to solve more complex problems in other domains, especially when image data are involved.
Janus and patchy colloids at fluid interfaces

Abstract Understanding the fundamental behavior of chemically anisotropic Janus and patchy particles at fluid interfaces enables utilization of these colloids as solid surfactants for stabilization of emulsions and as building blocks for fabrication of functional and responsive materials. Here, we review recent progress on understanding the combined effects of particle–interface and particle–particle interactions on the surface activity and organization of Janus and patchy particles at fluid interfaces. We also highlight recent developments that harness these fundamental properties for applications in self-assembly and emulsion stabilization, and discuss some of the outstanding questions that warrant future investigation. The progress in the field opens new opportunities to pursue techniques for controlling interfacial rheology, directed motion, and the formulation of novel soft materials.
Control-Oriented Model Validation

Abstract Model validation is a means of assessing model quality with respect to experimental data. In a robust control context this amounts to determining whether or not a perturbation model is consistent with observed data. This paper offers a survey of recent results on model validation for H ∞ compatible perturbation models. Several model paradigms and experiment frameworks are considered. The first is a frequency-domain setting for the data. More recent results deal with discrete-time models and time-domain experimental data. The most relevant framework, continuoustime systems and models, with discrete-time sampled data, is dealt with last. Each of the model invalidation tests offered involve tractable convex optimization problems.
Novel concept of D2D mobility modeling utilizing biological cell jamming/unjamming paradigm

The effects of human mobility in Device-to-Device (D2D) communication are not well understood, but with the recent proliferation of D2D, communications have become a critical research emphasis. However, very little is understood on how human mobility and D2D communication are interdependent. The unpredictability of human mobility is one of the root causes in properly visualizing and designing an efficient D2D system framework. The impact of mobility, heterogeneous cell size and distribution, the presence of multiple channel access methods and movement behavior lead to nearly insurmountable challenges in modelling D2D comprehensively and accurately. Thus, to address these challenges our work leverages and extends upon a novel concept from biology and the human mobility model STEPS - that of shape-based cellular jamming and unjamming. Novel and recent studies in the medical domain infer the fundamental reasons for biological cellular jamming as a consequence of distortion in cell shapes. In this paper, a similar analogy of jamming and interaction based distortion in mobility has been used to investigate a novel approach to accurately capture and depict group-based human mobility and its states.
Defining and Validating a Client-Based Cohesion Metric for Object-Oriented Classes

Cohesion of a software module broadly refers to the relatedness of the elements of the module. A highly cohesive module has elements that all contribute to a single common purpose. Such modules are believed to be more understandable and maintainable. Most existing object-oriented class cohesion metrics measure the cohesion of a class based on internal connections between the methods of the class where two methods are internally connected if they both reference common attributes in the class. In this paper, we propose a client-based class cohesion metric which we name CCC and which measures the cohesion of a class based on how its public methods are used by its clients. The required information for CCC to calculate the cohesion of a class can be extracted during the high-level design phase from class and communication diagrams defined by the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We validate the proposed metric theoretically, and we empirically demonstrate its usefulness. Theoretically, we analyze the compliance of CCC with the cohesion metric properties. Empirically, we investigate the relations between fourteen class cohesion metrics, including CCC, to determine if CCC captures an aspect of cohesion that is not addressed by the other class cohesion metrics. Moreover, we analyze the extent to which the fourteen class cohesion metrics, including CCC, can individually and in combination predict class testability in terms of testing effort. Our results show that CCC captures an aspect of class cohesion that has not been addressed by the other metrics and that CCC is a predictor for class testability in terms of testing effort.
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: Associations of miRNAs with dysregulated gene expression in colorectal cancer

The PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway is one of the most frequently activated signal-transduction pathways in cancer. We examined how dysregulated gene expression is associated with miRNA expression in this pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). We used data from 217 CRC cases to evaluate differential pathway gene expression between paired carcinoma and normal mucosa and identify miRNAs that are associated with these genes. Gene expression data from RNA-Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were analyzed. We focused on genes most associated with CRC (fold change (FC) of >1.5 or <0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Of the 304 genes evaluated, 76 had a FC of 1.50; 47 of these genes were associated with miRNA differential expression. There were 145 mRNA:miRNA seed-region matches of which 26 were inversely associated suggesting a greater likelihood of a direct association. Most miRNA:mRNA associations were with factors that stimulated the pathway. For instance, both IL6R and PDGFRA had inverse seed-region matches with seven miRNAs, suggesting that these miRNAs have a direct effect on these genes and may be key elements in activation of the pathway. Other miRNA:mRNA associations with similar impact on the pathway were miR-203a with ITGA4, miR-6071 with ITGAV, and miR-375 with THBS2, all genes involved in extracellular matrix function that activate PI3Ks. Gene expression in the PI3K/Akt-signaling pathway is dysregulated in CRC. MiRNAs were associated with many of these dysregulated genes either directly or in an indirect manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Extrapolated nonnegative decompositions for the analysis of functional connectivity

Functional MRI (fMRI) captures brain function by recording the oxygen consumption of a large number of brain voxels simultaneously along time. The set of time series obtained is typically decomposed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to reveal the regions and networks organizing the brain. In this work, we introduce a novel decomposition approach. We separate brain activations and de-activation, and we separately decompose co-activations, captured by the correlation between the activations, co-deactivations measured by the correlation between the de-activations, and the correlations between activations and de-activations. The decomposition is performed by a nonnegative factorization method known to generate sparse decompositions, which we accelerate by extrapolation. As a result, our approach produces in reasonable time compact fMRI scans decompositions offering a rich interpretation of the interactions between brain regions. The experiments presented here, performed on a dataset of forty scans provided by the Human Connectome Project, demonstrate the quality of our decompositions and indicate that a speedup of an order of magnitude is offered by the extrapolation.
A phase II trial of riluzole, an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) signaling, in patients with advanced melanoma.

Studies demonstrate that GRM, expressed by >60% of human melanomas, may be a therapeutic target. We performed a phase II trial of 100 mg PO bid of riluzole, an inhibitor of GRM1 signaling, in patients with advanced melanoma with the primary endpoint of response rate. Thirteen patients with GRM1-positive tumors were enrolled. No objective responses were observed, and accrual was stopped. Stable disease was noted in six (46%) patients, with one patient on study for 42 weeks. Riluzole was well tolerated, with fatigue (62%) as the most common adverse event. Downregulation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT was noted in 33% of paired tumor biopsies. Hypothesis-generating correlative studies suggested that downregulation of angiogenic markers and increased leukocytes at the active edge of tumor correlate with clinical benefit. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed interpatient variability consistent with prior riluzole studies. Future investigations should interrogate mechanisms of biologic activity and advance the development of agents with improved bioavailability.
An effective verification solution for modern microprocessors

Over the past four decades microprocessors have come to be a vital and inseparable part of the modern world, becoming the digital brain of numerous electronic devices and gadgets that make today's lifestyle possible. Processors are capable of performing computation at astonishingly high speeds and are extremely integrated, occupying only a few square centimeters of silicon die. However, this computational power comes at a price: the task of verifying a modern microprocessor and guaranteeing correctness of its operation is increasingly challenging, even for most established processor vendors. Always attempting to deliver higher performance to end-users, processor manufacturers are forced to design progressively more complex circuits and employ immense verification teams to eliminate critical design bugs in a timely manner. Unfortunately, too often size doesn't seem to matter in verification, as schedules continue to slip and microprocessors find their way to the marketplace with design errors. This work describes a novel verification framework targeting specifically today's complex microprocessors. The scope of the work spans many levels of verification and different phases of the processor life-cycle, from validation of individual sub-modules to complete multi-core system, and from pre-silicon design verification to in-the-field hardware patching. In particular, our StressTest and MCjammer approaches enable efficient generation of high-quality tests at the pre-silicon level for individual cores and multi-core systems, respectively, using machine learning techniques and making the process as automatic as possible. On the other hand, Reversi and Dacota enable low cost validation in post-silicon, while delivering even higher coverage than pre-silicon techniques. Finally, the Field-repairable control logic (FRCL) and Caspar techniques allow designers to patch different classes of escaped errors in processors that are deployed in the field. The integrated set of solutions that we introduce with this thesis empowers processor vendors to drastically shorten their development timeline and, at the same time, to deliver more reliable and correct systems to their customers at a lower cost. Altogether, this work has the potential to solve the long-standing challenge of guaranteeing the complete functional correctness of modern microprocessors.
Coping with Reluctance to Change in Rural Prevention Programming

A person weary of pulling drowning people from the stream was heard to say to his tired companion, “We have to go upstream and stop these people being thrown in the water”. This is an old definition of prevention but in some rural areas it is thwarted by reluctance to even consider going upstream (i.e., change in any fashion). This is not to say that all rural communities are staid and unchanging. Concerning rural-urban differences in attitudes and behavior in the United States, it is concluded by Glenn and Hill, Jr. (1977) that “rather small differences between percentages has often obscured the fact that on most issues the rural and urban populations each has almost as much internal differentiation in attitudes as does the total population” (p.50). This also does not change the reality that within a 50 mile radius in Southern Illinois there is a vast difference between rural communities on the dimension of readiness to change. Many are ultra-conservative, some are slowly but surely changing and others seem to change quite rapidly. The reluctance to change and the difficulty of “outsiders” making entry into a community for prevention programming is the issue at hand in this paper.
The Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index for Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Problems: A Comprehensive Modern Psychometric Study.

Objective:The Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI) has been used extensively as a measure of alcohol-related problems experienced by adolescents and young adults. The present study aimed to compreh...
Can math move matter

In an earlier paper I suggested that we can solve the Benacerraf Problem – the problem of explaining how mathematical knowledge is possible on the assumption that the objects of mathematics are abs...
Coplanar Stripline Reconfigurable Bandpass Filter with Variable Notch Band Frequency

A reconfigurable coplanar stripline (CPS) bandpass filter with a notch band that may turned ON or OFF or its frequency varied is demonstrated for the first time. The notch band is due to the higher order, even mode, that is controlled with pin diodes independently of the CPS odd mode. The bandwidth of the single element filter is 2.5–6.7 GHz and the notch band is varied from 3–4.6 GHz.
Esherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: improved purification and the flavin content.

Abstract The E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, when purified by published procedures, contains phosphotransacetylase and coenzyme A as trace contaminants as well as one or more spectral contaminants which interfere with spectral and radiochemical experiments. They can be removed by further chromatographic purification on columns of calcium phosphate gel-cellulose. The resulting complexes from E. coli K12 or Crookes strain are indistinguishable with respect to visible spectrum, catalytic activity, and flavin content. The activity is the highest so far reported, 40–42 μmoles DPNH per min per mg of protein, and the flavin content is 1.8–2.4 nanomoles per mg of protein.
(2,2′-Bipyrid­yl-κ2N,N′)bis­(η5-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl)barium

In the title compound, [Ba(C10H15)2(C10H8N2)], the Ba—N distances are 2.798 (3) and 2.886 (3) A, and the Cp ring centroid distances to Ba2+ are 2.7291 (7) and 2.7192 (9) A. The angle between the N atoms in the bypyridine ligand and the metal ion is 56.80 (8)° and the N—C—C—N torsion angle in the bi­pyridine ligand is 1.7 (4)°. The bi­pyridine ligand is almost planar, the dihedral angle formed by the intersection of the planes defined by the pyridyl rings being 3.04 (19)°, and the angle between the plane defined by the Ba2+ ion and the two bipyridyl N atoms and the plane defined by the 12 atoms of the bi­pyridine ligand is 10.2 (3)°. The average Ba—N and Ba—centroid distances are 0.16 and 0.14 A longer, respectively, than the equivalent distances in the isotypic strontium compound [Kazhdan et al. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, m1134]. This difference is in accord with the difference between the ionic radii of 0.16 A suggested by Shannon [Acta Cryst. (1976), A32, 751–767].
140 – Picard Iteration

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the different aspects of Picard iteration. It is applicable to differential equations, a single equation, or a system. One can write an ordinary differential equation as a fixed point formula. It is found that if one has a starting guess, one can iterate the equation to find an approximate solution to the original equation. The first-order ordinary differential equation dy/dx = f(y, x), with the initial condition y(x0) = y0 is assumed. This equation can be written as an integral equation in the form y(x) = y0 + ∫xx0f (y(z), z) dz. It is found that each successive approximation appears to have one more correct term.
Sports Medicine: General Aspects

Primary care sports medicine addresses non-surgical orthopedics, as well as general medical conditions that may affect an individual’s ability to participate in physical activity. Certain medical conditions require additional testing or modification in the level of participation, or adjustments in current treatment. Primary care sports medicine provides the link between the specialties in the athletic population.
THE CONSUMER GAINS FROM DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITES AND THE COMPETITION WITH CABLE TV

This paper examines direct broadcast satellites (DBS) as a competitor to cable. We first estimate a structural consumer level demand system for satellite, basic cable, premium cable and local antenna using micro data on almost 30� 000 households in 317 markets, including extensive controls for unobserved product quality and allowing the distribution of unobserved tastes to follow a fully flexible multivariate normal distribution. The estimated elasticity of expanded basic is about −1� 5, with the demand for premium cable and DBS more elastic. The results identify strong correlations in the taste for different products not captured in conventional logit models. Estimates of the supply response of cable suggest that without DBS entry cable prices would be about 15 percent higher and cable quality would fall. We find a welfare gain of between $127 and $190 per year (aggregate $2.5 billion) for satellite buyers, and about $50 (aggregate $3 billion) for cable subscribers.
An Explanation of Personality Change in Organizational Science: Personality as an Outcome of Workplace Stress:

Organizational scholarship has recently begun to treat personality as malleable in workplace settings and has called for personality change to be incorporated into current research. The lack of a c...