cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accent Issues in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition

This paper addresses accent1 issues in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Cross-accent experiments show that the accent problem is very dominant in speech recognition. Analysis based on multivariate statistical tools (principal component analysis and independent component analysis) confirms that accent is one of the key factors in speaker variability. Considering different applications, we proposed two methods for accent adaptation. When a certain amount of adaptation data was available, pronunciation dictionary modeling was adopted to reduce recognition errors caused by pronunciation mistakes. When a large corpus was collected for each accent type, accent-dependent models were trained and a Gaussian mixture model-based accent identification system was developed for model selection. We report experimental results for the two schemes and verify their efficiency in each situation.
THE ROLE OF HERBIVORES IN THE EVOLUTION OF SEPARATE SEXES FROM HERMAPHRODITISM

Evolutionary biologists have repeatedly argued that environmental factors have influenced the evolution of dioecy (males and females) from hermaphroditism in plants. While many researchers have focused on the role of pollinators and abiotic factors, far fewer have considered the enemy component of the environment. In this paper, I explore how herbivory may impact the evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism through gynodioecy. This synthesis shows that the widespread occurrence of male-biased enemy attack in sexually dimorphic species is likely to have significant consequences for both the first and second steps in the evolution of dioecy through gynodioecy. I identify several ways that herbivory can influence sexual-system evolution, review the handful of studies that have explored them, and highlight exciting new avenues for research. From this review and synthesis, I conclude that consideration of enemies will provide a fresh dimension to our understanding of plant sexual systems.
Learning to share: narrowband-friendly wideband networks

Wideband technologies in the unlicensed spectrum can satisfy the ever-increasing demands for wireless bandwidth created by emerging rich media applications. The key challenge for such systems, however, is to allow narrowband technologies that share these bands (say, 802.11 a/b/g/n, Zigbee) to achieve their normal performance, without compromising the throughput or range of the wideband network.This paper presents SWIFT, the first system where high-throughput wideband nodes are shown in a working deployment to coexist with unknown narrowband devices, while forming a network of their own. Prior work avoids narrowband devices by operating below the noise level and limiting itself to a single contiguous unused band. While this achieves coexistence, it sacrifices the throughput and operating distance of the wideband device. In contrast, SWIFT creates high throughput wireless links by weaving together non-contiguous unused frequency bands that change as narrowband devices enter or leave the environment. This design principle of cognitive aggregation allows SWIFT to achieve coexistence, while operating at normal power, and thereby obtaining higher throughput and greater operating range. We implement SWIFT on a wideband hardware platform, and evaluate it in the presence of 802.11 devices. In comparison to a baseline that coexists with narrowband devices by operating below their noise level, SWIFT is equally narrowband-friendly but achieves 3.6-10.5x higher throughput and 6x greater range.
Reactivation of Herpes Zoster after Liver Biopsy

A patient developed reactivation of herpes zoster infection (shingles) after a routine liver biopsy. Reactivation of herpes is often related to trauma. This entity should be considered when patients report postbiopsy pain inappropriate to the procedure. If the typical rash of shingles develops, antiviral therapy should be considered.
Joint generalized estimating equations for multivariate longitudinal binary outcomes with missing data: An application to acquired immune deficiency syndrome data

Summary. In a large, prospective longitudinal study designed to monitor cardiac abnormalities in children born to women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, instead of a single outcome variable, there are multiple binary outcomes (e.g. abnormal heart rate, abnormal blood pressure and abnormal heart wall thickness) considered as joint measures of heart function over time. In the presence of missing responses at some time points, longitudinal marginal models for these multiple outcomes can be estimated by using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), and consistent estimates can be obtained under the assumption of a missingness completely at random mechanism. When the missing data mechanism is missingness at random, i.e. the probability of missing a particular outcome at a time point depends on observed values of that outcome and the remaining outcomes at other time points, we propose joint estimation of the marginal models by using a single modified GEE based on an EM-type algorithm. The method proposed is motivated by the longitudinal study of cardiac abnormalities in children who were born to women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, and analyses of these data are presented to illustrate the application of the method. Further, in an asymptotic study of bias, we show that, under a missingness at random mechanism in which missingness depends on all observed outcome variables, our joint estimation via the modified GEE produces almost unbiased estimates, provided that the correlation model has been correctly specified, whereas estimates from standard GEEs can lead to substantial bias.
Impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on the riverine transport of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kara Sea

[1] Measurements of nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) concentrations from previously unstudied streams and rivers throughout west Siberia suggest that climate warming and/or associated permafrost thaw will likely amplify the transport of N and P to the Kara Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. We present concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) from 96 streams and rivers within the Ob’-Irtysh, Nadym, and Pur river drainage basins. The sampled sites span � 10 6 km 2 , a large climatic gradient (� 55N–68N), and include 41 cold, permafrost-influenced and 55 warm, permafrost-free watersheds. Concentrations for all measured watersheds average 765 m gL � 1 (DON), 19.3 m gL � 1 (NH4-N), 36.7 m gL � 1 (NO3-N), 821 m gL � 1 (TDN), and 104 m gL � 1 (TDP). Our results show no statistically significant difference in dissolved inorganic N (NH4-N and NO3-N) between permafrost-influenced and permafrost-free watersheds. However, we do find significantly higher concentrations of DON, TDN, and TDP in permafrost-free watersheds (increasing as a function of watershed peatland coverage) than in permafrost-influenced watersheds. When combined with climate model simulations, these relationships enable a simple ‘‘space-for-time’’ substitution to estimate possible increases in N and P release from west Siberia by the year 2100. Results suggest that predicted climate warming in west Siberia will be associated with � 32–53% increases in DON concentrations, � 30–50% increases in TDN concentrations, and 29–47% increases in TDP concentrations as averaged across the region. While such increases in N and P are unlikely to significantly influence primary production in the Kara Sea as a whole, they will likely have large local impacts in the Ob’ and Yenisey bays and nearshore environments.
Mass mortality of male Oceanic Puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Tetraodontidae) at Trindade Island (Brazil), South Atlantic Ocean, with a review of mortalities in Hawaii and the Gulf of Guinea

Abstract In a 24 hr period during 23–25 December 1975, I documented a minimum of 282 dead individuals of Oceanic Puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus that had washed ashore on the remote South Atlantic island of Trindade, 1200 km east of the coast of Brazil. All of the more than 50 individuals for which I determined the sex had been reproductively active males. The locality is much farther south than the species has been previously recorded in the western Atlantic. I present evidence from ephemeral sources that report similar die-offs of Lagocephalus lagocephalus in the Hawaiian Islands and Fanning Atoll in the Pacific, and the Gulf of Guinea and Gabon in the eastern Atlantic for which, unfortunately, no scientific details, such as the sex of the individuals or other information that could explain cause of death, appears to have been published. The Trindade observation suggests that mass mortalities of this puffer may be associated with reproductive swarms.
Cloning, Novel Promoter Sequence, and Estrogen Regulation of a Rat Oxytocin Receptor Gene*

Expression of the oxytocin receptor (OR) gene in vivo is known to be regulated by estradiol (E2). We have cloned and sequenced 4 kilobase (kb) of 5'-flanking DNA of the rat OR gene and identified an internal segment of 1260 nucleotides that was absent in an initial publication of this promoter and an additional 2 kb of upstream sequence. This novel internal region is located between two large tg nucleotide repeats. PCR amplification using genomic DNA verified that this sequence is present in the rat genome. To explain transcriptional effects of E2, a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) that is active is estrogen receptor binding was identified within this new sequence, approximately 4 kb 5' of the translational start site. The ability of E2 to enhance transcription of this promoter was tested in transfection experiments in MCF7 cells. E2 only weakly induced transcription of a truncated construct. Mutational analysis of the ERE in the context of a basal promoter indicated that it functions as an enhancer, and that mutation of two bases eliminates this activity. Further support of the efficacy of this response was shown in mobility gel shift assays in which the OR ERE bound estrogen receptor present in uterine extracts. Receptor binding studies using 125I-ornithine vasotocin in MCF7 cells revealed that E2 dramatically up-regulated endogenous ORs. Western blot analysis confirmed this increase in OR protein with E2 treatment of MCF7 cells. These studies have identified a novel region of the rat OR promoter containing an upstream palindromic ERE that imparts E2 inducibility of OR gene transcription.
What can we learn? Adult outcomes in children of seriously mentally ill mothers.

PROBLEM: Information is lacking about the experiences, needs of, and interventions for children of seriously mentally ill mothers. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry were used to retrospectively explore the characteristics and needs of adult children of seriously mentally ill mothers. The sample (N = 40) was recruited by referral and media advertisements. Childhood variables related to attachment, family environment, and parenting were compared to adult well-being outcomes of depression, quality of life, sense of coherence, and self-esteem. Participants also responded to the question “What other question should have been included in this study about your experience as the child of a seriously mentally ill mother?” and, additionally, spontaneously added their own clarifications of their answers to the survey questions. FINDINGS: It was apparent that the childhoods of participants were disruptive and often painful. Over half of the sample reported having their own diagnosis of depression in adulthood. Despite these factors, most members of the study sample were functioning well in adulthood, most often as a result of their own initiative. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of depression in adulthood and participants’ own descriptions of their painful memories and experiences of childhood identifies that more can and should be done to assist children of mentally ill mothers to cope with their environments. Interventions at various times in childhood are described.
Is This Right? (… or Is It Left?)

An asymptomatic 57-year-old woman presented with dextrocardia and situs inversus. The surface ECG (Figure⇓, panel A) reveals a rightward QRS axis. Poor R-wave progression is present in the standard precordial leads, whereas the right chest leads (rV1 through rV6), conversely, demonstrate progression …
Optimization of spin-on-glass process for multilevel metal interconnects

Spin-on-glass (SOG), an interlayer dielectric material applied in liquid form to fill narrow gaps in the sub-dielectric surface and thus conducive to planarization, is an alternative to silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) deposited using CVD processes. The similar electrical properties between SOG and silicon dioxide guarantee that the SOG technique will provide comparable benefits to SiO/sub 2/ as an inter-metal dielectric layer. In fact, SOG has a lower dielectric constant and thus provides for better electrical insulation. However, its inability to adhere to metal and problems such as cracking prevent the easy application of SOG technology to provide an interlayer dielectric in multilevel metal interconnect circuits, particularly in university processing labs. This paper shows that a thin layer of CVD silicon dioxide and a curing temperature below the sintering temperature of the metal interconnect layer promotes adhesion, reduces gaps, and prevents cracking. Electron-scanning microscope analysis has been used to demonstrate the success of the improved technique. This optimized process has been used in three batches of double-polysilicon, double-metal CMOS wafers fabricated at the Microelectronics Research Center of Georgia Tech to date.
Ethical Considerations of Children's Digital Image-Making and Image-Audiancing in Early Childhood Environments.

This research examines a multi-year investigation of preschoolers’ experiences participating in a media-driven exploration of informal play experiences as a means to engage children as artists, researchers, and documenters of their own worlds. In this writing, I will explore the ethical issues that arise for adult researchers engaged in participatory research employing digital technologies with young children. In particular, this writing contributes to emerging understandings of the responsibility of the adult researcher in the academic representation, presentation, and discussion of children's digital imagery and other artistic works. The role of the adult researcher is highlighted through the exploration of the ethical considerations surrounding aims to represent children's work in ways that are ethical, respectful, and adhere to the child's artistic, creative, and aesthetic intent.
Satellite ATM networks: a survey

Satellite ATM networks have significant advantages over terrestrial ATM networks. Satellites provide unique advantages such as remote coverage with rapid deployment, distance insensitivity, bandwidth on demand, immunity to terrestrial disasters, and offering broadband links. Satellite ATM networks will play an important role in the rapidly evolving information infrastructure. However, there are several obstacles which need to be overcome so that satellite ATM networks can operate in full service. The objective of this survey is to present the state of the art in satellite ATM networks and to point out open research problems. We explain the satellite ATM network architecture and cover the requirements and technical barriers for seamless integration of ATM and satellite networks. We describe the feasibility of the existing ATM cell transport methods, and deal with conventional and new satellite link access methods, and some error control schemes for the satellite environment. We then describe the problems of the proposed traffic and congestion control schemes, followed by the error performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Service-Specific Connection-Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) for the satellite ATM network. We present basic requirements and a possible architecture for local area-metropolitan area network (LAN-MAN) interconnection using satellite ATM and then discuss the requirements for multimedia services in satellite ATM networks.
Adaptable channel decomposition for MIMO communications

Assuming the availability of the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and receiver (CSIR), we consider the joint optimal transceiver design for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. Using our recently developed generalized triangular decomposition (GTD), we propose a scheme, which we refer to as adaptable channel decomposition (ACD), to decompose a MIMO channel into multiple subchannels with prescribed capacities, or equivalently, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios (SINR). We also determine the subchannel capacity region such that the channel decomposition is capacity lossless. This scheme is particularly relevant to the applications where independent data streams with different quality-of-services (QoS) share the same MIMO channel.
Muscarinic m1 and m2 receptor proteins in local circuit and projection neurons of the primate striatum: anatomical evidence for cholinergic modulation of glutamatergic prefronto-striatal pathways.

The cellular and subcellular localization of muscarinic receptor proteins m1 and m2 was examined in the neostriatum of macaque monkeys by using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. Double-labeling immunocytochemistry revealed m1 receptors in calbindin-D28k–positive medium spiny projection neurons. Muscarinic m1 labeling was dramatically more intense in the striatal matrix compartment in juvenile monkeys but more intense in striosomes in the adult caudate, suggesting that m1 expression undergoes a developmental age-dependent change. Ultrastructurally, m1 receptors were predominantly localized in asymmetric synapse-forming spines, indicating that these spines receive extrastriatal excitatory afferents. The association of m1-positive spines with lesion-induced degenerating prefronto-striatal axon terminals demonstrated that these afferents originate in part from the prefrontal cortex. The synaptic localization of m1 in these spines indicates a role of m1 in the modulation of excitatory neurotransmission. To a lesser extent, m1 was present in symmetric synapses, where it may also modulate inhibitory neurotransmission originating from local striatal neurons or the substantia nigra. Conversely, m2/choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) double labeling revealed that m2-positive neurons corresponded to large aspiny cholinergic interneurons and ultrastructurally, that the majority of m2 labeled axons formed symmetric synapses. The remarkable segregation of the m1 and m2 receptor proteins to projection and local circuit neurons suggests a functional segregation of m1 and m2 mediated cholinergic actions in the striatum: m1 receptors modulate extrinsic glutamatergic and monoaminergic afferents and intrinsic GABAergic afferents onto projection neurons, whereas m2 receptors regulate acetylcholine release from axons of cholinergic interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:445–460, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic Capability of Comprehensive Handheld vs Transthoracic Echocardiography

Abstract Objective To assess the diagnostic capability of handheld echocardiography (HHE) compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed and evaluated by experienced sonographers and expert echocardiographers. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective study of adult outpatients undergoing comprehensive TTE between July 9, 2012, and April 3, 2013. Experienced sonographers performed a detailed, standardized examination using a handheld ultrasound device that included 2-dimensional and color Doppler images from standard imaging windows. Images from TTE and HHE were independently interpreted by expert echocardiographers to whom the other study was masked. Agreement between the standard TTE and the HHE reports was analyzed. Results The study group contained 190 patients (mean ± SD age, 62±17 years; 49% male [n=93]). The κ values were 0.52 for left ventricular (LV) enlargement, 0.52 for right ventricular enlargement, 0.62 for regional wall motion abnormalities, 0.73 for aortic stenosis, and 0.61 for mitral regurgitation. Lin concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.89 for LV end-systolic diameter to 0.78 for LV end-diastolic diameter. In 51 patients (27%), echocardiographic findings were discordant between HHE and standard TTE. The most common discordant finding was the presence vs absence of any regional wall motion abnormalities. In discordant cases, HHE tended to underestimate, rather than overestimate, the severity of abnormal findings. Conclusion In experienced hands, HHE shows moderate correlation with standard TTE, but discordant findings were present in 27% of patients. Even when performed and interpreted by experienced operators, HHE should not be used as a surrogate for standard TTE. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01558518
Comparing the Post–Earnings Announcement Drift for Surprises Calculated from Analyst and Time Series Forecasts

Post–earnings announcement drift is the tendency for a stock's cumulative abnormal returns to drift in the direction of an earnings surprise for several weeks following an earnings announcement. We show that the drift is significantly larger when defining the earnings surprise using analysts' forecasts and actual earnings from I/B/E/S than when using a time series model based on Compustat earnings data. Neither Compustat's policy of restating earnings nor the inclusion of “special items” in reported earnings contribute significantly to the disparity in drift magnitudes. Rather, our results suggest that this disparity is attributable to differences between analyst forecasts and those of time-series models—or at least to factors correlated with these differences. Further, we document that analyst forecasts lead to return patterns around future earnings announcements that differ from those observed when using time-series models, suggesting that the two types of surprises may capture somewhat different forms of mispricing.
Safety and tolerability of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy Chinese adults, children and infants.

Objective: Pneumococcal disease is a global problem, including in China. The objective of this study was to provide safety data for single-dose 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Chinese subjects, needed to begin a phase III safety and immunogenicity study in Chinese infants.
Dual-Mixed Hybrid finite element method for second-order elliptic problems

Dual-Mixed-Hybrid finite element approximations are described for second-order boundary-value problems in which independent approximations are used for the solution and its gradient in the interior of an element and the trace of the solution on the boundary of the element. A-priori error estimates are derived with some conditions for convergence. Some numerical results are also included.
Towards a Metric for Communication Network Vulnerability to Attacks: A Game Theoretic Approach

In this paper, we propose a quantification of the vulnerability of a communication network where links are subject to failures due to the actions of a strategic adversary. We model the adversarial nature of the problem as a 2-player game between a network manager who chooses a spanning tree of the network as communication infrastructure and an attacker who is trying to disrupt the communication by attacking a link. We use previously proposed models for the value of a network to derive payoffs of the players and propose the network’s expected loss-in-value as a metric for vulnerability. In the process, we generalize the notion of betweenness centrality: a metric largely used in Graph Theory to measure the relative importance of a link within a network. Furthermore, by computing and analyzing the Nash equilibria of the game, we determine the actions of both the attacker and the defender. The analysis reveals the existence of subsets of links that are more critical than the others. We characterize these critical subsets of links and compare them for the different network value models. The comparison shows that critical subsets depend both on the value model and on the connectivity of the network.
The Social Presuppositions of Medical Knowledge

The title of this volume, The Ethics of Diagnosis, suggests a problem that is directly related to the subject of my essay. The problem, in short, is this: on the one hand, diagnosis is a case of scientific judgment, a cognitive procedure that aims at discovering the answer to a factual question, i.e., “What disease or illness is the patient suffering from?” or “What is the cause (or what are the causes) of the symptoms, signs, and complaints that the patient presents?”. On the other hand, if one poses the question about the ethics of diagnosis, then presumably, this concerns normative or valuative considerations that go beyond what are usually regarded as purely scientific or cognitive contexts. Such considerations are presumably not simply factual but concern what is ethically right or wrong. I would suppose that such ethical or normative considerations bear upon the well-being of the patient, the moral responsibility of the physician, or on his or her honesty or integrity; or upon considerations of the values involved in the diagnostic process itself, with respect to costs and benefits, or the risks involved in the use of certain diagnostic tests, etc.
Of Mice and Meth: A New Media-Based Neuropsychopharmacology Lab to Teach Research Methods

This article describes an innovative neuropsychopharmacology laboratory that can be incorporated into any research methods class. The lab consists of a set of interconnected modules centered on obs...
Keeping Cool with Coolidge

C ALVIN COOLIDGE'S accession to the presidency is often viewed as one of the least disruptive executive changes in American history as well as one of the least important. The slight Vermonter, "normalcy" incarnate, kept the faith over the next five and a half years in compiling a record as undistinguished as his predecessor's. The apparent smoothness of the transition is deceptive, however, for beneath the surface of dreary tranquility there were rumblings of discontent. Displaying political acumen of the highest order, Coolidge not only overcame the obstacles before him but also in most cases turned them to his own advantage. He was, by the time of the convention in 1924, no longer "his accidency" but the undisputed head of the Republican party. When he assumed office following Warren G. Harding's death in August 1923, Coolidge had an ambiguous position within the party. Though he had been a protege of the Massachusetts wheelhorse, W. Murray Crane, the new President did not enjoy the trust of the dominant Old-Guard faction. His governorship of the Bay State had been wanly liberal, and his nomination for the vice presidency represented a petty revolt by the convention against the manner in which Harding's candidacy had been forced through.' Nor could he rely upon the progressive wing of the party. Emboldened by successes in the 1922 congressional elections, the progressives were scarcely impressed by his credentials and promised to be far less docile than they had been in 1920. Hiram Johnson made this clear in the fall when the former Bull Mooser announced that he would contest Coolidge's nomination in 1924; and in Wisconsin, "Fighting Bob" La Follette's friends were talking of a third party. To Coolidge, who considered serenity the highest possible achievement, this untidy situation promised only discontent. The regulars were certain to
Derivation of Microwave Refractive Index Structure Constant (C_{n}(2) ) of the Atmosphere From K-Band Interferometric Phase Measurements

Differential phase data has been collected using a site test interferometer (STI) at K-band for several years at various NASA ground station sites, including the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) in Goldstone, CA, and the NASA Space Network (SN) sites in White Sands, NM, and Guam. An objective of this work is to characterize the site-dependent atmospheric phase stability to determine the viability of that site for arraying applications. A useful figure of merit to quantify this effect is the determination of the microwave refractive index structure constant, C n 2 , which is highly dependent on variations in the water vapor concentration of the troposphere. In this paper, a method is proposed to derive C n 2 from a two-element site test interferometer utilizing temporal phase structure function information. In this way, a path-averaged C n 2 at each ground station site is determined which can be used in the design and expected system performance of future Ka-band communication systems in an arrayed architecture. Statistical characterization of microwave C n 2 indicates that a mean value of 2.04 ×10 -14 , 2.08×10 -14 , and 9.8×10 -13 is expected for Goldstone, CA, White Sands, NM, and Guam, respectively.
The nutritional value of chlorophyll as related to hemoglobin formation.

A study of the problem of organic precursors of the hematin part of hemoglobin shows that no attention has been directed toward the possible relation of vitamines therein, whether this be as a direct precursor, or as involved in the use of such possible precursors as chlorophyll.The problem was to determine whether rats could be rendered anemic by the absence of one or more vitamines in a synthetic diet and whether phaophytin, obtained from chlorophyll, functions as a hemoglobin precursor in anemic rats, however this anemia may have been brought about. Rats kept upon such diets were systematically followed as to weight, blood hemoglobin and red blood cell count. The tentative conclusions arrived at as applied to rats are the following:1. Synthetic rations containing 18 per cent casein and deficient in Vitamines A, B and E do not produce anemia but do produce an unusually high hemoglobin content.2. Phaophytin may not be substituted for any one of the Vitamins A, B, or E.3. Casein at a 10 per cent level pro...
Innovation: From Economics to Philosophy

Innovation theory was first developed in the field of economics of early 20th century． Fundamentally speaking innovation is of universal nature in the practice of mankind and societyso it should also belong to the realm of philosophy． The practical materialism of Marx and Engels contains the quintessence and basic idea of innovation philosophy． Innovation is the spirit of our age during reform and opening to the outside world． Innovation has become the world trend． Innovation philosophy should expound systematically meanings functions mechanisms structure and development about innovation．
The SAG–AFTRA Merger Union Convergence in a Changing Media Landscape

The merger of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) in March 2012 was the culmination of a thirty-two year struggle to bring the two powe...
“I Wanted to Return the Favor” The Experiences and Perspectives of Black Social Fathers

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Black social fathers to understand their reasons for assuming fatherly roles, their impacts on the children, how their non-biological father status...
Why everybody should know about CBT : guest editorial

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) refers to a group of empirically-based psychological techniques to treat a large variety of psychiatric problems, including depression and anxiety. CBT is one of the clear success stories of contemporary psychology. Although the core principles of CBT remain unchanged, the specific treatment strategies have changed and will continue to evolve as basic research on the nature of the disorders progresses.
Support for Socialist Policies: The Ideological Logic of Everyday Practices

To better understand why individuals come to support economic policies that increase inequalities, we suggest a more expansive understanding of ideology. A broad understanding of ideology predicts that daily engagement with the material world will produce certain narratives about the self and the obstacles faced by people. We review studies on child-rearing practices and social psychological studies on diverging understandings of the self that highlight the contrasting narratives of working and middle class people. We argue that these different narratives play a role in explaining why individuals come to support certain economic policies. This more expansive understanding of the concept of ideology can help researchers trace the links between material conditions, ideological narratives, and support for socialist or capitalist economic policies, heeding Lott's (2015) call for a structural analysis.
A Practical Congestion Control Scheme for Named Data Networking

Traditional congestion control mechanisms are designed for end-to-end connections and do not fit the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture, in which content can be retrieved from multiple sources and through multiple paths. To fully exploit the NDN architecture, a congestion control scheme must consider the effects of in-network caching, multipath forwarding, and multicast data delivery. Moreover, the solution must not assume known link bandwidths or Data packet sizes, as these assumptions may not hold for overlay links, wireless links, or applications with varying Data packet sizes. In this paper we propose PCON: a practical congestion control scheme to address the above issues. PCON detects congestion based on the CoDel AQM (by measuring packet queuing time), then signals it towards consumers by explicitly marking certain packets, so that downstream routers can divert traffic to alternative paths and consumers can reduce their Interest sending rates. Our simulations show that PCON's forwarding adaptation reaches a higher total throughput than existing work while maintaining similar RTT fairness. Moreover, PCON can adapt to the changing capacity of IP tunnels and wireless links, conditions that other hop-by-hop schemes do not consider.
Advanced wireless mobile collaborative sensing network for tactical and strategic missions

In this paper, an advanced wireless mobile collaborative sensing network will be developed. Through properly combining wireless sensor network, emerging mobile robots and multi-antenna sensing/communication techniques, we could demonstrate superiority of developed sensing network. To be concrete, heterogeneous mobile robots including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) are equipped with multi-model sensors and wireless transceiver antennas. Through real-time collaborative formation control, multiple mobile robots can team the best formation that can provide most accurate sensing results. Also, formatting multiple mobile robots can also construct a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system that can provide a reliable and high performance communication network.
Maskless regrowth of GaN for trenched devices by MOCVD

Blanket regrowth studies were performed on GaN trenches with varying widths and optimized for two types of devices—those that required the profile of the trench to be maintained and those that required the complete filling of trenches, i.e., a planar surface after regrowth. Low temperature Al0.22Ga0.78N growth was optimized and used as the marker layer for SEM. GaN deposition at a medium temperature of 950 °C and using N2 as carrier gas resulted primarily in growth on the (0001) plane, while the growth on the sidewalls was governed by the formation of slow growing semi-polar planes. This gave a conformal profile to the regrown GaN—useful for regrown GaN interlayer based vertical trench MOSFETs. In contrast, high temperature (1150 °C) growth in H2 resulted in high lateral growth rates. The planar surface was achieved under these conditions—a very promising result for CAVET-type devices.
Christ as the Woman Seeking Her Lost Coin: Luke 15:8-10 and Divine Sophia in the Latin West:

Fathers, saints, and Doctors of the Church interpreted the woman of Luke 15:8-10 as a representation of Christ—and identified her with Woman Wisdom (ḥokmāh/sophia), whom they saw as divine. Medieval theologians related Luke 15:8-10 to other Scripture passages representing God in feminine form, and reflected on the appropriateness of portraying God as a woman. After the close of the Middle Ages a variety of publications continued to reinscribe this interpretation of the woman seeking her lost coin. Altogether, this illustrates one way in which belief in the divinity of Woman Wisdom survived throughout much of Christian history.
SSRI-related hyponatremia among aging adults.

A frail, 90-year-old nursing home resident it was demonstrating symptoms of depression. Her symptoms included lethargy, social withdrawal, and depressedmood and affect. To treat these symptoms, fluoxetine (10 mgper day) was initiated. Fourteen days later, tthepatient's depressive symptoms became worse, and she unexpectedly fell while ambulating. Her serum electrolyte levels were evaluated, and hyponatremia (129 mEq/L) was noted. As, a precaution, fluoxetine was discontinued, andfluid restrictions were instituted. Two weeks later, her serum sodium level was within normal range (135 to 145 mEq/L), she could safely ambulate by herself, and her depressive symptoms had diminished.
Learners' perceptions of culture in a first-semester foreign language course

Author(s): Drewelow, Isabelle | Abstract: Researchers have voiced concerns about current teaching practices regarding the effective integration of culture within the foreign language curriculum as more than an add-on (Durocher, 2007; Knutson, 2006; Kramsch, 1993; Magnan, 2008; Omaggio Hadley, 2001; Perraudin, a Porfilio, 2011; Schulz, 2007; Wilbur, 2007). This study takes an emic perpective to explore how the experience of a first-semester foreign language course can shape learners’ understanding of culture and perceptions of the interconnection between language and culture.Twenty-two students, native English speakers, enrolled in four first-semester French courses, were interviewed three times during a semester. The four instructors were interviewed at the end of the semester. Data analysis revealed that a majority of the participants viewed language and culture as separate entities, that they were mainly concerned with linguistic competence and possessed an incomplete understanding of the concept culture. Based on these findings, pedagogical recommendations are discussed to support the development of learners’ understanding of the intrinsic link between language and culture.
Using Existing Theory to Build a Conceptual Framework of Consumer-Run Organizations

This chapter reviews existing theoretical explanations of how people benefit from mental health consumer-run organizations (CROs). I use the concept of roles to identify similarities and tie these disparate perspectives together. Consideration of the recovery model and community integration aids the conceptualization of CRO outcomes. Behavior-setting theory and empowerment theory enhance understanding of how different CRO setting characteristics influence participation and benefits. The helper-therapy principle, experiential knowledge, social comparison theory, and social support theories provide insight into the interpersonal processes within CROs that lead to participation benefits. Building on this theoretical foundation through the unique application of identity theory, the chapter concludes by describing an integrative preliminary framework explaining how people benefit from CROs.
Use of Latest Robots for Autism Spectrum Disorder

One of the prominent applications of robots is in assistive therapy using humanoids. Robots are now playing a vital role in our lives as assistants, therapist, companions and much more. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects the communication skills and social cues of a person considerably. Recently efforts have been made in the development of communicational, behavioral, motor movements, joint attention and physical behavior of the children suffering from ASD using the humanoid robots. The therapies based on interactive interventions using robots for ASD have proved to be a favorable tool for improving the behavior of children with ASD. There are different ways to identify and improve the behavior in ASD child e.g. psychologistsâ€™ sessions, computer vision based bio markers like joint attention measurement and gait analysis, and robot assisted therapies using Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI). In particular the area of robotics is helping a lot in the treatment of ASD as the robot acts as a mediator as well as measures the response of an autistic child.
YY1 regulates cancer cell immune resistance by modulating PD-L1 expression

Recent advances in the treatment of various cancers have resulted in the adaptation of several novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Notably, the recent intervention through immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in significant clinical responses and prolongation of survival in patients with several therapy-resistant cancers (melanoma, lung, bladder, etc.). This intervention was mediated by various antibodies directed against inhibitory receptors expressed on cytotoxic T-cells or against corresponding ligands expressed on tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the clinical responses were only observed in a subset of the treated patients; it was not clear why the remaining patients did not respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapies. One hypothesis stated that the levels of PD-L1 expression correlated with poor clinical responses to cell-mediated anti-tumor immunotherapy. Hence, exploring the underlying mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is one approach to target such mechanisms to reduce PD-L1 expression and, therefore, sensitize the resistant tumor cells to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatments. Various investigations revealed that the overexpression of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in most cancers is involved in the regulation of tumor cells' resistance to cell-mediated immunotherapies. We, therefore, hypothesized that the role of YY1 in cancer immune resistance may be correlated with PD-L1 overexpression on cancer cells. This hypothesis was investigated and analysis of the reported literature revealed that several signaling crosstalk pathways exist between the regulations of both YY1 and PD-L1 expressions. Such pathways include p53, miR34a, STAT3, NF-kB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, c-Myc, and COX-2. Noteworthy, many clinical and pre-clinical drugs have been utilized to target these above pathways in various cancers independent of their roles in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the direct inhibition of YY1 and/or the use of the above targeted drugs in combination with checkpoint inhibitors should result in enhancing the cell-mediated anti-tumor cell response and also reverse the resistance observed with the use of checkpoint inhibitors alone.
GRADE: A code to determine clathrate hydrate structures

Abstract GRADE is an open-source software package that identifies clathrate hydrate structures given the atomic coordinates of oxygen atoms of water. These structures are commonly found in natural gases and they are relevant to understand antifreezing proteins as well as the hydrophobic effect. In this manuscript, we describe basic algorithms used by GRADE to determine 5 12 , 6 2 512 and 6 4 512 water cages. These algorithms are based on the connectivity of five and six-folded rings made of first-neighbor water molecules. Schemes to speed up the calculation of these cages are discussed and implemented in the code. GRADE also computes the four-body order parameter F 4 commonly used to identify different phases of water. An example of how GRADE can be used to compute the spontaneous nucleation of methane clathrates is also provided. Program summary Program Title: GRADE Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/h8d7zgmchf.1 Licensing provisions: GNU GPLv3 Programming language: C++ Nature of problem: Analyze gas clathrate formation from atomic positions of water molecules in computer simulations Solution method: Algorithms to find 5 12 , 6 2 5 12 and 6 4 5 12 cages and calculate F 4 order parameter
Analysis of Microresonator-Based Logic Gate for High-Speed Optical Computing in Integrated Photonics

Microresonator modulators are commonly used as electrical-optic (EO) logic gates in computing systems on silicon photonics platform. In this article, we provide a compact analytical model to describe the switching properties of a linearly cascaded microresonator modulator array. The analytical model is verified by simulations on commercial software. Switching properties of microresonators under different modulation conditions are investigated. Furthermore, computing modules where microresonator modulators are cascaded in series are also discussed, where the model of microresonators is provided by AIM Photonics Process Design Kit (PDK). Factors that deteriorate the logic outputs are analyzed and methods to improve the accuracy of logic outputs are proposed and demonstrated with 8 microresonator modulators.
Rural works and days – a subaltern perspective

The Roman statesman Marcus Porcius Cato, better known as Cato the Elder, has gone down in history for his insistence that Punic Carthage had to be destroyed, even if Rome had already stripped the N...
A Conditional Mutation in SCD1 Reveals Linkage Between PIN Protein Trafficking, Auxin Transport, Gravitropism, and Lateral Root Initiation

Auxin is transported in plants with distinct polarity, defined by transport proteins of the PIN-formed (PIN) family. Components of the complex trafficking machinery responsible for polar PIN protein localization have been identified by genetic approaches, but severe developmental phenotypes of trafficking mutants complicate dissection of this pathway. We utilized a temperature sensitive allele of Arabidopsis thaliana SCD1 (stomatal cytokinesis defective1) that encodes a RAB-guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Auxin transport, lateral root initiation, asymmetric auxin-induced gene expression after gravitropic reorientation, and differential gravitropic growth were reduced in the roots of the scd1-1 mutant relative to wild type at the restrictive temperature of 25°C, but not at the permissive temperature of 18°C. In scd1-1 at 25°C, PIN1- and PIN2-GFP accumulated in endomembrane bodies. Transition of seedlings from 18 to 25°C for as little as 20 min resulted in the accumulation of PIN2-GFP in endomembranes, while gravitropism and root developmental defects were not detected until hours after transition to the non-permissive temperature. The endomembrane compartments that accumulated PIN2-GFP in scd1-1 exhibited FM4-64 signal colocalized with ARA7 and ARA6 fluorescent marker proteins, consistent with PIN2 accumulation in the late or multivesicular endosome. These experiments illustrate the power of using a temperature sensitive mutation in the gene encoding SCD1 to study the trafficking of PIN2 between the endosome and the plasma membrane. Using the conditional feature of this mutation, we show that altered trafficking of PIN2 precedes altered auxin transport and defects in gravitropism and lateral root development in this mutant upon transition to the restrictive temperature.