cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women have increased risk of perioperative myocardial infarction and higher long-term mortality rates after lower extremity arterial bypass grafting.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender on the immediate and long-term postoperative morbidity, mortality, and patency rates for infrainguinal autogenous vein bypass grafts. Methods: Data were abstracted for consecutive patients who were followed in a prospective surveillance protocol after undergoing infrainguinal autogenous vein bypass grafting during the years 1988 to 1994. There were 165 grafts constructed in 148 patients (101 in 87 men, and 64 in 61 women). Gender differences were analyzed with Student t test or χ2 test for risk factors, indications for reconstruction, and complications. The patency rates and the long-term survival rates were compared by means of life-table analysis. Eagle criteria and long-term survival rates were compared with multivariate analysis. Results: The mean follow-up period was 36 months (39 months for men, and 32 months for women), with a range of 6 to 123 months for the total follow-up period. The two groups did not differ in age at the time of operation (66.6 ± 1.2 years for men, and 66.7 ± 1.5 years for women) or in history of diabetes (48% for men, and 56% for women). The risks were similar for hypertension (48% for men vs 45% women), preoperative myocardial infarction (23% for men vs 26% for women), and previous coronary artery bypass grafting (9% for men vs 8% for women). The thallium stress scintigraphy results showed a diagnosis of proportionately more preoperative defects in men (reversible, 34% vs 18%, P < .05; overall, 75% vs 43%, P < .05). The 30-day limb loss rates (0.9% for men, and 0% for women) and mortality rates (2.2% for men, and 5% for women) were similar. Women had statistically more perioperative myocardial infarctions than did men (6 of 61, 9.8% vs 2 of 101, 2%; P < .05), as was documented with electrocardiography and cardiac isoenzymes. Two of these women died within a 30-day postoperative period. The 3-year primary patency rate was 85% for the men and 88% for the women, and the primary assisted patency rate was 97% for the men and 97% for the women. The secondary patency rate was 98% for the men and 97% for the women. The limb salvage rate was slightly higher for the men than for the women (93% vs 87%), although this was not statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate for women was statistically less than for men, with life-table analysis (58% for men vs 42% for women; P < .05). Conclusion:After distal bypass grafting, men and women have similar rates of patency and limb salvage, but women have a higher incidence rate of perioperative myocardial infarction and a decreased 5-year survival rate. These data suggest that women have unrecognized cardiac disease that affects them adversely in the perioperative period and the long term when compared with men who undergo the same operation. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:807-13.)
Systematics of exotic cascade decays

Theoretical considerations prompted by the discovery of the exotic ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}^{+}(uudd\overline{s})$ led us to propose a dynamical picture emphasizing the role of diquark correlations, which are also useful in elucidating other aspects of low-energy QCD. A notable prediction of this picture is the existence of new exotic and nonexotic $S=\ensuremath{-}2$ ``cascade'' baryons with specific, characteristic properties. We argue here that recent observations by the NA49 Collaboration are broadly consistent with our predictions, and propose further tests.
Synchronous sequential computation with molecular reactions

Just as electronic systems implement computation in terms of voltage (energy per unit charge), molecular systems compute in terms of chemical concentrations (molecules per unit volume). Prior work has established mechanisms for implementing logical and arithmetic functions including addition, multiplication, exponentiation, and logarithms with molecular reactions. In this paper, we present a general methodology for implementing synchronous sequential computation. We generate a four-phase clock signal through robust, sustained chemical oscillations. We implement memory elements by transferring concentrations between molecular types in alternating phases of the clock. We illustrate our design methodology with examples: a binary counter as well as a four-point, two-parallel FFT. We validate our designs through ODE simulations of mass-action chemical kinetics. We are exploring DNA-based computation via strand displacement as a possible experimental chassis.
Prevention of obesity and diabetes.

This is the second of a series of articles reviewing presentations at the 63rd annual scientific session of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), held in New Orleans, Louisiana, June 2003. Francine Kaufman gave the outgoing President’s Address, discussing our burgeoning societal recognition of obesity as a health problem for children. She traced the differing environments of the child of 40,000 years ago through that experienced today. For the neolithic child, levels of physical activity were high. Approximately one-third of energy intake came from animal protein, typically low in associated fat because animals hunted for meat (as opposed to the high fructose feeds currently used for livestock which greatly increase the saturated fat content of these foods). Half of energy intake was from high-fiber fruits and vegetables, gathered close to home, and the remainder of the diet was high in polyunsaturated fats. Dietary sodium was low. With the advent of agriculture 5,000 years ago, the availability of grain led to greater fat depots in feed animals and began to alter the dietary balance to which humans had evolved. This pattern continued during the development of the civilization of the middle ages and the Renaissance, with the wealthy often exhibiting marked obesity and gluttony being recognized as one of the “seven deadly sins.” Although the lower prevalence of diabetes among European ancestry Caucasians may reflect a diminished need for “thrifty genes,” Kaufman mentioned a current speculation that diabetes did emerge as a health problem during this period in Europe. According to this hypothesis, the European diabetes gene pool decreased as the food supply increased, while other ethnic groups, particularly with the devastation of the subsequent centuries of European colonial rule, faced periods of extreme hunger for which there was survival advantage to the retention of “thrifty genes” (1). By 1920, food …
Auger Spectroscopy of Fracture Surfaces of Ceramics

Fracture paths in ceramics very often follow distinct interface regions. In fully dense ceramics formed by hot pressing techniques, intergranular fracture is very common. This paper will report on Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) studies of fracture surfaces in a series of ceramic materials including Al2 O3, MgO, and Si3N4 which were formed using different processing techniques. AES on the fractured surface of a lunar sample will also be discussed. SEM fractography will be used to relate the surface chemistry to the failure mode. Combined argon ion sputtering and AES studies demonstrate the local variations in chemistry near the fracture surface.
Whole-body autoradiography of the pregnant mouse after administration of 14C-Δ9-THC☆☆☆

The distribution of 14C-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in pregnant AJAX mice at 12 days of gestation was studied by whole-body autoradiography 0.33, 1, 3 or 24 hr after iv or 3 hr after sc administration. High concentrations of radioactivity were found after either iv or sc administration in liver, intestinal contents, Harder's gland, fat, corpora lutea, and adrenal cortex. The concentration was low in maternal brain and in the fetuses at all time intervals after injection. The fetal central nervous system had the highest concentration of all fetal tissues. The concentration was high in maternal lung and spleen after iv but not after sc administration.
Kant's Appearances and Things in Themselves as Qua-Objects

The 'one-world' interpretation of Kant's idealism holds that appearances and things in themselves are, in some sense, the same things. Yet this reading faces a number of problems, all arising from the different features Kant seems to assign to appearances and things in themselves. I propose a new way of understanding the appearance/thing in itself distinction via an Aristotelian notion that I call, following Kit Fine, a 'qua-object.' Understanding appearances and things in themselves as qua-objects provides a clear sense in which they can be the same things while differing in many of their features.
Measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic scattering on carbon.

Low energy (200 < E{sub v} < 2000 MeV) neutrino oscillation experiments, including MiniBooNE, require a model of charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) neutrino interactions to predict signal samples. Using a high-statistics sample of muon neutrino CCQE events, MiniBooNE finds that a simple Fermi gas model, with appropriate adjustments, accurately characterizes the CCQE events observed in a carbon-based detector. The extracted parameters include an effective axial mass, M{sub A} = 1.23 {+-} 0.20 GeV, used to describe the four-momentum dependence of the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon; and a Pauli-suppression parameter, {kappa} = 1.019 {+-} 0.011.
Wee1 kinase alters cyclin E/Cdk2 and promotes apoptosis during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis

The cell cycles of the Xenopus laevis embryo undergo extensive remodeling beginning at the midblastula transition (MBT) of early development. Cell divisions 2–12 consist of rapid cleavages without gap phases or cell cycle checkpoints. Some remodeling events depend upon a critical nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, whereas others rely on a maternal timer controlled by cyclin E/Cdk2 activity. One key event that occurs at the MBT is the degradation of maternal Wee1, a negative regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity. In order to assess the effect of Wee1 on embryonic cell cycle remodeling, Wee1 mRNA was injected into one-cell stage embryos. Overexpression of Wee1 caused cell cycle delay and tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdks prior to the MBT. Furthermore, overexpression of Wee1 disrupted key developmental events that normally occur at the MBT such as the degradation of Cdc25A, cyclin E, and Wee1. Overexpression of Wee1 also resulted in post-MBT apoptosis, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdks and persistence of cyclin E/Cdk2 activity. To determine whether Cdk2 was required specifically for the survival of the embryo, the cyclin E/Cdk2 inhibitor, Δ34-Xic1, was injected in embryos and also shown to induce apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that Wee1 triggers apoptosis through the disruption of the cyclin E/Cdk2 timer. In contrast to Wee1 and Δ34-Xic1, altering Cdks by expression of Chk1 and Chk2 kinases blocks rather than promotes apoptosis and causes premature degradation of Cdc25A. Collectively, these data implicate Cdc25A as a key player in the developmentally regulated program of apoptosis in X. laevis embryos.
Multiple Regulatory Elements Control Transcription of the Peripheral Myelin Protein Zero Gene

The gene encoding protein zero (P0), the most abundant protein of peripheral nervous system myelin, is expressed uniquely in Schwann cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that much of the cell type specificity of this expression is due to transcriptional control elements in the 1.1-kilobase pair 5′-regulatory region of the gene. We have now analyzed this region and have identified a set of functional elements in the 500 base pairs proximal to the transcription start site. DNA sequence conservation within the 5′ regions of the human, mouse, and rat P0 genes correlates closely with the results of promoter deletion analysis of the 1.1-kilobase pair region assayed in Schwann cell cultures and reveals a potent proximal region from position −350 to +45. Sites of protein/DNA interaction within the proximal 500 base pairs of the promoter were identified by footprinting assays. Functional transcriptional elements were identified within the protected regions in the proximal promoter by mutation and transient transfection analysis in P0-expressing cell lines. The core (or basal) P0 promoter is identified as two regulatory elements, a G/C-rich element that binds nuclear factor Sp1 and a CAAT box that binds NF-Y. These core elements are essential for the transcription observed from the transfected promoter in cultured Schwann cells.
Regulation of HoxA expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs

Homeobox genes are important in the regulation of outgrowth and pattern formation during limb development. It is likely that homeobox genes play an equally important role during limb regeneration. We have isolated and identified 17 different homeobox-containing genes expressed by cells of regenerating axolotl limbs. Of these, nearly half of the clones represent genes belonging to the HoxA complex, which are thought to be involved in pattern formation along the proximal-distal limb axis. In this paper we report on the expression patterns of two 5′ members of this complex, HoxA13 and HoxA9. These genes are expressed in cells of developing limb buds and regenerating blastemas. The pattern of expression in developing axolotl limb buds is comparable to that in mouse and chick limb buds; the expression domain of HoxA13 is more distally restricted than that of HoxA9. As in developing mouse and chick limbs, HoxA13 likely functions in the specification of distal limb structures, and HoxA9 in the specification of more proximal structures. In contrast, during regeneration, HoxA13 and HoxA9 do not follow the rule of spatial colinearity observed in developing limbs. Instead, both genes are initially expressed in the same population of stump cells, giving them a distal Hox code regardless of the level of amputation. In addition, both are reexpressed within 24 hours after amputation, suggesting that reexpression may be synchronous rather than temporally colinear. Treatment with retinoic acid alters this Hox code to that of a more proximal region by the rapid and differential downregulation of HoxA13, at the same time that expression of HoxA9 is unaffected. HoxA reexpression occurs prior to blastema formation, 24-48 hours after amputation, and is an early molecular marker for dedifferentiation.
Epstein-Barr virus and the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.

The importance of understanding the mechanisms responsible for control of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in man was highlighted with the description in 1974 and 1975 of three families in which an X-linked immunodeficiency to EBV resulted in fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM) in young male children (Bar et ah, 1974 Provisor et al, 1975; Purtilo et ah, 1975). These descriptions occurred 10 years after the discovery of EBV by Epstein (1964) and represent the initial description of a new X-linked primary immunodeficiency syndrome. (The other X-linked immunodeficiency disorders include: Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia, X-linked severe-combined immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, chronic granulomatous disease, and immunodeficiency with increased IgM.) Since these original descriptions, several new kindreds have been described throughout the world and intensive immunological and virol-ogical studies of these families have added to our understanding of the complex immune responses provoked by EBV. Furthermore, it is now well documented that EBV infections in the appropriate immunocompromised host can induce a lymphoproliferative disorder that is indistinguishable clinically and pathologically from fulminant malignancy.
Optimal Perimeter Patrol Alert Servicing with Poisson Arrival Rate

This paper addresses a base perimeter patrol scenario where alerts are generated from a set of stations at random intervals. A Unmanned Aerial Vehicle patrols the perimeter and responds to alerts. After arriving at an alert site, the vehicle loiters for a time to enable the operator to determine if the alert is a nuisance trip or an actual threat. The false alarms are modeled as a Poisson process. A stochastic control optimization problem is developed to determine the optimal loiter time. The optimal length of time that a vehicle can dwell at an alert site while minimizing the expected service time is a function of the size of the alert queue and the alert rate. Results from where the algorithm was ∞ight tested as part of a base defense scenario is presented.
EXTENSIVE CHROMOSOMAL DIVERGENCE WITHIN A SINGLE RIVER BASIN IN THE GOODEID FISH, ILYODON FURCIDENS.

Extensive variation in the number of metacentric chromosomes exists among populations of the viviparous goodeid fish, Ilyodon furcidens, in the Rio Coahuayana basin of south central Mexico (states of Colima and Jalisco). The variation can be divided, somewhat arbitrarily, into four "cytotypes" with 0-2, 0-4, 6 and 10-16 metacentrics. Of these, the first, shared with the closely adjacent Rio Armeria and similar to other species of Ilyodon, is probably ancestral. The wholly non-Robertsonian nature of the variation and its extent appear to be unprecedented among teleosts, but its uniqueness is difficult to evaulate because fish chromosome data in general may be biased toward both monomorphism and Robertsonian variation. Variation is evident with all cytotypes but has been well characterized for only a single population of the 0-4M cytotype. That population, unlike most of the others, consists of two interbreeding morphs which differ in mouth width. The variation is heterogeneously distributed between the morphs; the significance of this observation is not yet clear. The distribution of the cytotypes is approximately clinal with respect to the number of metacentric chromosomes. Although the cline may be a direct response to some gradient in selection intensity, the possibility that it is the result of secondary contact of previously isolated populations, fostered by tributary transfer, is real. Allozyme comparisons reveal minimal genic divergence among the cytotypes. There are no fixed allelic differences, and the average unbiased genetic distance between the two extreme cytotypes is 0.042. Gene diversity analysis indicates that an average of less than 3% of the total variation (HT = 0.072) is partitioned among cytotypes; about 24% is partitioned among populations within cytotypes. Genic and chromosomal divergence in Ilyodon are clearly uncoupled. Laboratory F1 , backcross, and F2 intercytotype hybrids are fully viable, and are indistinguishable in fertility from our stocks derived from single populations. F3 intercytotype hybrids are also fully viable but have not yet been tested for fertility. This suggests that, during the course of chromosomal evolution, single rearrangement heterozygotes were not appreciably negatively heterotic, even though the rearrangements are probably pericentric inversions. The combined data suggest that the chromosome rearrangements, even in multiple form, do not function as significant isolating mechanisms. Chromosomal evolution in Ilyodon, though quite marked, has apparently not fostered speciation.
Abstract 5122: Regulation of integrin trafficking by Rab proteins

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Integrins, the major receptors for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, transported in vesicles, and delivered to the plasma membrane or the cell surface by exocytosis. Like other receptors, integrins at the plasma membrane are constantly endocytosed, transported into endosomal compartments and then recycled back to the surface. Therefore, the density of integrins at the cell surface is ultimately determined by the balance between two vesicle trafficking events: endocytosis and exocytosis. Rab proteins are small (20-29 kDa) monomeric Ras-like GTPases that regulate vesicle budding, transport and tethering to the target membranes. Rab4, Rab11 and Rab25 function in the endocytic and recycling pathway. In this study, we examined roles of the Rab proteins in integrin trafficking. Silencing of Rab11 in HeLa cells had neither obvious effects on cell surface or total cellular expression of α3, α5 and β1 integrins nor on cell migration. Silencing of Rab25 reduced the surface expression of all three integrins and inhibited chemotactic migration. Surprisingly, Rab4 silencing dramatically increased both cell surface and total cellular expression of the integrins, and inhibited cell migration as well. These data suggest that Rab25 is required in integrin trafficking to the cell surface, and that Rab4 negatively regulates the expression and trafficking of integrins. These data support the notion that reduced or excessive integrins at the cell surface diminish cell motility. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5122.
Solution-Based Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanorods

A solution-based synthesis route was developed to produce large quantities of MgO nanorods. Hydrated basic magnesium chloride, which has needle-like crystal structure, was used as a precursor. A subsequent two-step transformation process with magnesium hydroxide as an intermediate product was used to preserve the morphology of the precursor to yield magnesium oxide nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that the products are very pure (>95%) crystalline MgO nanorods with diameters from 40 nm to 200 nm and lengths 10 microns or longer. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction further reveal that these MgO nanorods are single crystals and that the rod axis is along the crystal direction. A model for the structural transformation from hydrated basic magnesium chloride to magnesium oxide has been developed and compared to our experimental results. This solution-based process can be easily scaled-up, and is a low-cost source of pure magnesium oxide nanorods needed in many industrial applications, for example, as reinforcing agents in matrix composites and as flux-pinning centers in high-TC superconductors.
The Most Defiant Devil: William Temple Hornaday and His Controversial Crusade to Save American Wildlife

Gregory J. Dehler. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013. xii and 254 pp., photos, notes, index. $29.95 cloth (ISBN 9780813934105); $29.95 e-book (ISBN 9780813934341).Times are tough ...
Structural Characterization of Interactions between the Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Zinc Finger Protein JAZ and Nucleic Acids.

The interactions of the human double-stranded RNA-binding zinc finger protein JAZ with RNA or DNA were investigated using electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, isothermal calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Consistent with previous reports, JAZ has very low affinity for duplex DNA or single-stranded RNA, but it binds preferentially to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with no detectable sequence specificity. The affinity of JAZ for dsRNA is unaffected by local structural features such as loops, overhangs, and bulges, provided a sufficient length of reasonably well-structured A-form RNA (about 18 bp for a single zinc finger) is present. Full-length JAZ contains four Cys2His2 zinc fingers (ZF1–4) and has the highest apparent affinity for dsRNA; two-finger constructs ZF12 and ZF23 have lower affinity, and ZF34 binds even more weakly. The fourth zinc finger, ZF4, has no measurable RNA-binding affinity. Single zinc finger constructs ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3 show evidence for multiple-site binding on ...
Personalized Driver Assistance for Signalized Intersections Using V2I Communication

Intersection crossing is a frequent driving maneuver in urban driving. Traffic lights and stop signs force the vehicles to stop and restart causing frustration to drivers. To help the driver in approaching and passing intersections, the vehicle can be equipped with an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) that utilizes vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. As opposed to centralized traffic light optimization, the in-vehicle system uses information on traffic light location and timing to find an individual optimal driving pace, which is then conveyed to the driver. The conventional approach to the pace optimization problem is to consider such parameters as time of arrival, fuel consumption, and emissions. However, to be effective, the system should take into account another important factor—driver's preferences and driving characteristics to improve the acceptance of the system. In this paper, we propose a personalized pace optimization algorithm for approaching and passing signalized intersections that can be used in ADAS. It learns the personal driver's preferences and characteristics during the course of driving and uses this knowledge to calculate driving pace that improves fuel economy, reduces waiting time, and addresses the driver's preferences. We demonstrate the proposed methodology by comparing the system's recommendations for drivers with different preferences and driving styles. Drivers' features were extracted from data collected on an experimental vehicle. We utilize the drivers' profiles to find an optimal driving pace for a specified route for each particular driver. We validate the methodology by simulation to show fuel economy benefits of the generated speed profiles.
Multilocus sequence typing of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates

To investigate the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from some locations in China over a period of time,a multilocus sequence typing(MLST) scheme provided by Escherichia coli MLST database was performed.Seven housekeeping genes were amplified by PCR and then sequenced.The sequence types(STs) were determined by sequence comparison.The MEGA and eBURST were used for phylogenetic analysis.MLST analysis showed that there were 13 STs identified in 29 isolates,including 3 new STs named ST2460,ST2467 and ST2468.The predominant sequence type was ST155,which consisted of 10 isolates(34.48%),following by ST906(17.24%),ST446(10.44%) and ST33(6.90%).The other 9 STs consisted of only one isolate.It could be concluded that there exists molecular diversity among the non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates,which showed genetic relationship with the popular strains worldwide.The detection and surveillance of this kind of isolates is of great significance to public health.
Radioactive diisopropyl fluorophosphate as a platelet label: an evaluation of in vitro and in vivo technics.

A technic for the in vitro labeling of human platelets with DFP32 is presented, critically evaluated, and compared to in vivo methods employing DFP32 and to in vitro methods using Cr51. The initial recovery of platelets labeled in vitro with DFP32 averaged 79 per cent, but the survival curve was characterized by an irreversible initial loss of platelet radioactivity. Experiments in which platelets were simultaneously labeled in vitro with both DFP32 and Cr51 suggest that this is not due to elution of DFP32. The survival curve of platelets labeled in vivo with DFP32 shows an initial transient reduction in platelet radioactivity. It is suggested that both of these aberrations in initial survival are the result of platelet injury by DFP32. Significant "tailing" was observed in the survival curves obtained with DFP32, and possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed. DFP32-labeled platelets circulating after 5 hours apparently survive normally and disappear from the circulation as a rectilinear function over the next 6-8 days. Although both in vitro and in vivo labeling methods employing DFP32 provide a meaningful approximation of platelet lifespan, the initial and terminal aberrations of the survival curves greatly complicate further interpretation. Dextran had no detectable effect on platelet survival, and epinephrine, Mecholyl, and cutaneous vasodilatation did not alter the platelet count or the specific activity of circulating labeling platelets in human subjects. The problem of initial platelet survival and the question of an extravascular or marginal platelet pool is discussed in the light of these data.
Optimization of two-stage cooling profile in unseeded batch crystallization

Abstract A two-stage cooling protocol for batch cooling crystallization was optimized to maximize mean crystal size while minimizing the variance in size. A population balance model represents the crystallization process, incorporating crystal growth and nucleation, for use in a multi-objective optimization. At all points along the Pareto front, the optimal strategy has the nucleation event occurring on the temperature plateau between the two cooling stages. This shortens the nucleation period–supersaturation is rapidly depleted, ultimately generating fewer crystals of larger size. In comparison to a simple linear cooling profile, the two-step strategy produces crystals of larger size with smaller variance.
Catecholamines, Blood Pressure, Renin and Myocardial Function in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

1. Neither nerve-growth-factor antiserum (NGFAS) administered subcutaneously nor 6-hydroxydopamine administered intraventricularly to immature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) inhibited the development of the hypertensive syndrome. In contrast, NGFAS did not affect blood pressure in normotensive Kyoto/Wistar rats. 2. Peripheral vascular resistance was increased and cardiac index decreased in both NGFAS and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SHR despite preservation of normal blood pressure. 3. NGFAS treatment did not influence the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in SHR, despite the lowering of blood pressure. In contrast, 6-hydroxydopamine caused an attenuation in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. 4. Indices of left ventricular contractility were depressed by NGFAS treatment but not by 6-hydroxydopamine. 5. Plasma renin activity was unaffected by NGFAS treatment and increased by 6-hydroxydopamine.
Adhere, Degrade, and Move: The Three-Step Model of Invasion

Experimental work during the period 1975-1986 revealed the crucial importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and culminated in the three-step hypothesis of invasion. The first step is tumor cell attachment to the ECM. The second step is proteolytic degradation of the ECM, led by advancing protruding actin-rich pseudopods. The third step is migration of the tumor cell body through the remodeled matrix. This mechanistic scheme is widely accepted and continues to generate insights related to the large number of molecules, inside and outside invading cells, which all play a role in each of the three steps. Understanding the interaction of the tumor cells with the ECM has never been more clinically important. The ECM is not just a passive mechanical scaffold. Instead, the ECM is an active participant in neoplastic and physiologic invasion, and acts as an information highway, an immune sanctuary, and a storage depot supporting tumor growth and drug resistance. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3115-7. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Liotta, Cancer Res 1986;46:1-7Visit the Cancer Research 75(th) Anniversary timeline.
Adaptive Effort for Search Evaluation Metrics

We explain a wide range of search evaluation metrics as the ratio of users’ gain to effort for interacting with a ranked list of results. According to this explanation, many existing metrics measure users’ effort as linear to the (expected) number of examined results. This implicitly assumes that users spend the same effort to examine different results. We adapt current metrics to account for different effort on relevant and non-relevant documents. Results show that such adaptive effort metrics better correlate with and predict user perceptions on search quality.
Return Home: ‘Perhaps Tomorrow We Will Know Exactly How the Situation Stands’

The news that an armistice had been signed between Germany and the allied forces was met with a range of mixed reactions by Australian soldiers. For up to four and a half years they had worked as soldiers, they had received regular pay, and they had made their home in their battalion and the military. By November 1918, they were well accustomed to the demands of their officers and the regular demands of work. Suddenly, and in some places without so much as a shout or a fuss, the war was over and their job was complete. The diary entries written by Australian men on 11 November 1918 reveal a sense of shock and confusion more than anything else. Some celebrated wildly, as they were well expected to do, while others took the news calmly with a cautious sense of disbelief. Some officers gave their men the afternoon off work, and local French and Belgian towns and villages became a focal point for celebrations. Yet others, still recognising their role as soldiers, received the news and then returned to their usual daily tasks.
Genomic and Genotyping Characterization of Haplotype-Based Polymorphic Microsatellites in Prunus

Efficient utilization of microsatellites in genetic studies remains impeded largely due to the unknown status of their primer reliability, chromosomal location, and allele polymorphism. Discovery and characterization of microsatellite polymorphisms in a taxon will disclose the unknowns and gain new insights into the polymorphic alleles. In this study, we revealed the polymorphism status, primer categorization, chromosomal distribution, gene function, and genotyping performance of 319 haplotype-based polymorphic microsatellites (HPM) in expressed sequence tags (EST) of Prunus species, including peach, apricot, almond, plums, and cherries. Of the HPM, 262 are between two EST haplotypes and 57 are among three and more EST. In terms of species, 127 microsatellite polymorphisms are from different EST of peach, 108 from different EST between peach and other species, and 84fromdifferent EST between non-peach species. Based on the primer sequence alignments on the peach genome, there was one HPM per 678 kb and the 319 HPM were grouped into seven categories. The primers from the “deletion” category tended to yield higher allele numbers and polymorphism information content (PIC) values. Statistical analysis revealed the mean allele number, heterozygosity, PIC, and gene diversity value were all significantly higher in the HPM than in the haplotype-based non-polymorphic microsatellites (HNM), suggesting utilization of HPM markers could substantially increase the likelihood of allele polymorphism. Of the 234 unigenes annotated, 99 (42.3%) were categorized into binding function and 84 (35.9%) into catalytic activity, implying that these polymorphic alleles might have evolved primarily to play regulatory roles or catalyze enzymatic reactions.
Photophysics of EGFP (E222H) Mutant, with Comparisons to Model Chromophores: Excited State pK’s, Progressions, Quenching and Exciton Interaction

A novel version of the well-known and commercially successful Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) variant known as EGFP, with an introduced E222H mutation, was produced in this laboratory. Given the current state of hypotheses about the role of glutamate 222, and the observed dominance of the phenolate absorption with an E222H variant observed from earlier study, the new mutant was considered a natural choice to investigate more fully the acid-base behavior of the chromophore in absorption and fluorescence. The bulk of this investigation concerns fitting the excitation, emission and absorption spectra to vibrational progressions of a novel 'q-deformed' type at various values of pH, and protein concentration. From these data, and from temperature-dependent fluorescence lifetime data and other experiments (with lanthanide doped gels into which H/EGFP is embedded), we construct a picture of excited inter- state conversion mechanisms, and quenching mechanisms, that attempts to explain many features of the GFP system. Graphical Abstract Hypothetical proton current loop (orange) upon excitation; electron motion in purple H/EGFP. Solid boxes about waters project toward viewer, dashed boxes project away.
Multidisciplinary Model for Liver Tumors

The multidisciplinary approach to patient care is widely utilized in many healthcare settings today, as we are now living in an era where patient-centered care is being recognized as a quality measure by government and regulatory agencies. In the management of liver tumors, multimodality therapy is often necessary and it is only through the comprehensive multidisciplinary approach that patients are afforded the most current and up-to-date therapeutic options. The traditional scenario for multidisciplinary care has been a tumor board-type setting; however, this often results in fragmented and physician-centered patient care. A newer, more formalized approach is a clinic and conference combination over a one- or two-day period. In this setting, the patient undergoes radiographic/laboratory testing and history and physical examination in the morning, followed by consultation with a multidisciplinary team of specialists in the afternoon. This approach has been found to be beneficial to healthcare providers and patients and is quickly becoming the preferred model in caring for patients with malignancies.
Educating Planners at MIT: Eight Decades of Changing Cities

As the oldest continuously operating city planning department in the United States, MIT’s program—established in 1933—provides a revealing window into the changing education of planners. It is the story of a department that began with a focus on physical planning and design but dramatically expanded into a multidisciplinary focus on the social and political challenges facing urban areas in the United States and around the globe following a significant re-orientation in the late 1960s. From the books and projects of the Joint Center for Urban Studies to innovative studies of city form, the program expanded to take up a broad set of economic development and environmental policy initiatives. The program has also long focused on the training of future educators, nurturing a large number of influential leaders in the planning academy. The chapter concludes with reflection on the department’s normative vision for professional education, engaged scholarship, and public action.
Agriculture and the Confederacy: Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South

We know the story of the Confederacy well: rush to secession, dysfunctional government, scarcity and suffering, military defeats, collapse, and failure. Yet we read on. And read on we must, as R. D...
The Sharing Stick in the Property Rights Bundle: The Case of Short Term Rentals & HOAs

Property owners are now more than ever exercising the “sharing stick” in their metaphorical bundle of property rights. This article examines the right to share one’s property with others as a branch, stemming from the inclusion stick, that itself grows out of the exclusion right held by property owners, along with the legal consequences of that characterization. The right to share, like other rights, can be given up when an owner joins a common interest community (CIC). However, when owners enter CICs and agree to HOA governance, they retain whatever residual parts of their ownership bundle they do not give up. Recent CIC and HOA cases examined in this article illuminate the existence of a “right to share,” where the default rule is that owners of real property have the right to engage in short term rentals unless they have expressly alienated that right through some private agreement. It will only be abrogated upon identifiable language in the initial CIC agreement making such diminishment of the right possible. The issues in several recent cases discussed here, regarding whether homeowners associations can create or enforce rules through their CC&R’s that prohibit short term rentals, are in essence asking whether the association and community are empowered to limit the sharing stick in the bundle. The primary questions discussed relate to whether, when, and how an association can impose limitations or prohibitions on short term rentals under existing authorities where such express substantive authority is not clearly, expressly given, and when the CIC must instead seek to undertake extraordinary measures like amendment to a CIC’s declaration in order to empower an HOA to so limit where it could not before. This Article concludes that the judicial interpretation of scope of CIC and HOA authority in relation to short term rentals demonstrates the strength of the sharing right. However, these cases also reveal that this sharing right may be consensually limited if the initial CIC declaration or valid subsequent amendments grant the proper HOA authority to do so.
Social Media and Lifelong Learning for Sustainable Development

The United Nations’ sustainable development goals cover a broad range of global problems and reaching those goals will require effort and education. Lifelong learning has become an essential part of modern life with rapidly changing technology, globalization, and increased urbanization, as well as environmental changes and the rise of green careers. Given the importance of sustainable development and global changes, it is important to identify effective ways of educating toward the UN’s goals. Lifelong learning, whether formal through programs and institutions or informal through self-direction, is increasingly important as a way of providing education for change, but also as a force for social justice and can be an important support for reaching these goals. The rise of the Internet and social media provides a conduit for delivery of lifelong learning that can transcend time and place, and harnessing its power can support the UN’s goals for sustainable development. This paper will identify various ways that social media can support lifelong learning in relation to sustainable development. Using a four-stage model of self-directed learning, the authors will outline how social media can support each stage. In addition, the authors will provide suggestions for application of social media for lifelong learning within the social movements of environmentalism and gender equality, two aspects of sustainable development.
Are Honor Killings Unique? A Comparison of Honor Killings, Domestic Violence Homicides, and Hate Homicides by Far-Right Extremists:

This study compared honor killings, domestic violence homicides, and hate homicides committed by far-right extremists. Prior research has suggested that terrorists may differ from “regular” offenders whereas others suggest similarities. Data from the Extremist Crime Database were used to compare honor killings committed in the United States since 1990 to domestic violence and hate homicides (N = 48). Open-source documents were closed coded for criminal justice involvement, domestic violence history, motivation, and offenders’ mental illness. Honor killings were more likely to have a history of domestic violence in open sources than hate homicides, suggesting these three homicides may be more similar than different.
FERROPTOSIS: MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Cell death is involved in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration, and also has a natural role in the development of multicellular organisms. Although apoptosis has been well defined, alternative forms of cell death have been less explored. My lab performed a global analysis of pharmacologically accessible cell death mechanisms using a strategy we refer to as modulatory profiling. We tested lethal compounds in the presence of chemical and genetic modulators of cell death, and categorized the cell death mechanisms based on the pattern of responses to modulators. Using this approach, we found compounds that induce apoptosis, necrosis, and a distinct form of iron-dependent oxidative cell death that we refer to as ferroptosis. We found that ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis on the basis of morphological, biochemical, genetic and inhibitor sensitivity data. In addition, we elucidated mechanisms regulating ferroptosis, and examined the relevance of ferroptosis to a variety of diseases and therapeutic applications. We discovered that ferroptosis represents death by lipoxygenase-driven peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties in phospholipids, due to loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme GPX4, which can occur in a number of different ways. Most recently, we explored the cellular membranes that under lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis using novel imaging tools, and discovered specific organelle membranes that are dispensable for ferroptosis.
The Art and Politics of Artists With Mental Disabilities Experiencing Confinement

In this article, I utilize an indisciplinary theoretical framework through the work of Jacques Ranciere to examine the artwork of artists with mental disabilities experiencing confinement in asylums in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. I further examine preexisting ways in which this artwork, focusing particularly on the Prinzhorn Collection, has been positioned within art history and psychiatric medical models in the 19th and early 20th centuries that situate these artists as geniuses, as examples of Expressionism, or as pathological. In contrast, I suggest that these artists’ work can be a form of politics and dissensus. The indisciplinarity of Ranciere’s work and Disability Studies offer art educators new possibilities for understanding the artwork of people experiencing mental disabilities by disrupting the disciplinary logic that can inform thinking about these artists.
Junctional Rhythms and Junctional Tachycardia

Junctional rhythms are electrical rhythms that originate from the atrioventricular junction. Although relatively rare, junctional rhythms encompass a wide spectrum of arrhythmias with variable clinical presentations, significance, and treatment strategies. Junctional rhythms can be grouped into four categories: (1) those that occur as a primary abnormality of the atrioventricular junction and lead to incessant or paroxysmal junctional ectopic tachycardia; (2) those that occur after cardiac surgery, mostly in infants and children; (3) those that occur secondary to autonomic, metabolic, or drug effects; and (4) those that occur as an escape rhythm in the presence of severe bradycardia. This chapter will focus on the first two categories of junctional rhythms.
Vitamin B12 metabolism and status during pregnancy, lactation and infancy

It is generally assumed that vitamin B12 deficiency only occurs during pregnancy and lactation in women who have consumed no animal products for a substantial period of time. However, recently it has emerged that pregnant women who have been strict vegetarians for only a few years, and even omnivores who consume low amounts of animal products, are more likely to become vitamin B12 deficient during pregnancy and lactation, to give birth to an infant who develops clinical or biochemical signs of B12 deficiency, and/or to have low levels of this vitamin in their breast milk. Also, there is recent evidence that vitamin B12 deficiency may be more prevalent in women and infants in some developing countries than formerly appreciated. In view of the potential for vitamin B12 deficiency to cause permanent neurological damage, it is important to understand the relationships between maternal intake and metabolism of vitamin B12 during pregnancy and lactation, and their impact on the mother, fetus, neonate, and secretion of the vitamin in breast milk.