cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty and instructional designers on building successful collaborative relationships

Employing phenomenological techniques this qualitative study investigates perceptions of collaborative relationships between instructional designers and faculty at an R1 university. While past research has considered the growing involvement of instructional designers in course development, and knowledge and skills expected from an instructional designer, little attention has been paid to what constitutes an effective collaboration and how it can be developed from the perspectives of both instructional designers and faculty. Based on semi-structured interviews of faculty and instructional designers, the following four thematic categories were uncovered: (1) reasons for collaborative efforts; (2) structure of collaborative relationships; (3) supports of and barriers to collaboration; and (4) essential competencies and strategies for instructional designers and faculty in a collaborative partnership. Our findings support the existing research on the importance of collaboration between instructional designers and faculty, and spotlights instructional designers in the higher education setting. They also outline key elements of an effective relationship, including understanding the role of an instructional designer, trust and rapport building (and its components), administrative support and faculty buy-in. Suggestions are made for to how overcome potential barriers to ensure an effective and collaborative partnership. Implications and future directions for research and training programs are discussed.
The Importance of Visual Design

If we cast our minds back to the very first chapter of this book, we took a look at the many disciplines that intersect to form part of what we know as User Experience Design. Although visual design is just one part of the larger whole, we should not underestimate its importance to the collective user experience. In this chapter we want to provide a better understanding of visual design, the psychology that underpins the visual design decisions that can be taken, and how accurately representing these design choices in the interfaces you build has a beneficial impact to the user experience.
Imaging findings during and after percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumors

Imaging plays a key role in the assessment of patients before, during, and after percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumors. Intra-procedural and early post-procedure imaging with CT and MRI is vital to the assessment of technical success including adequacy of ablation zone coverage. Recognition of the normal expected post-procedure findings of hepatic cryoablation such as ice ball formation, hydrodissection, and the normal appearance of the ablation zone is crucial to be able to differentiate from complications including vascular, biliary, or non-target organ injury. Delayed imaging is essential for determination of clinical effectiveness and detection of unexpected findings such as residual unablated tumor and local tumor progression. The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of expected and unexpected imaging findings that may occur during or after percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumors. Differentiating expected from unexpected findings during and after hepatic cryoablation helps radiologists identify residual or recurrent tumor and detect procedure-related complications.
Chronic Wasting Disease In Cervids: Prevalence, Impact And Management Strategies

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects members of the cervidae family. The infectious agent is a misfolded isoform (PrPSC) of the host prion protein (PrPC). The replication of PrPSC initiates a cascade of developmental changes that spread from cell to cell, individual to individual, and that for some TSEs, has crossed the species barrier. CWD can be transmitted horizontally and vertically, and it is the only TSE that affects free-ranging wildlife. While other TSEs are under control and even declining, infection rates of CWD continue to grow and the disease distribution continues to expand in North America and around the world. Since the first reported case in 1967, CWD has spread infecting captive and free-ranging cervids in 26 states in the US, 3 Canadian provinces, 3 European countries and has been found in captive cervids in South Korea. CWD causes considerable ecologic, economic and sociologic impact, as this is a 100% fatal highly contagious infectious disease, with no treatment or cure available. Because some TSEs have crossed the species barrier, the zoonotic potential of CWD is a concern for human health and continues to be investigated. Here we review the characteristics of the CWD prion protein, mechanisms of transmission and the role of genetics. We discuss the characteristics that contribute to prevalence and distribution. We also discuss the impact of CWD and review the management strategies that have been used to prevent and control the spread of CWD.
Economic-environmental trade-offs in marine aquaculture : the case of lobster farming in Vietnam

Marine aquaculture has increased in importance in most countries over recent decades. In order to develop this sector in a sustainable way, it is necessary to consider its environmental impacts. In Vietnam, marine cage lobster cultivation has been seen as a high return business. However, in recent years, the sector has been facing sustainability issues, with recurrent disease outbreaks and increased lobster mortality. These phenomena are linked to nutrient pollution, which is attributed to the overuse of feed inputs. The annual loss for the sector is reported to be up to 30 million USD. Local lobster farmers have reacted to these issues by spending more on antibiotics and chemicals, or by increasing efforts to clean cages. This behavior suggests that farmers perceive a conflict between reducing environmental pressure and improving the economic performance of the sector. In order to identify the relationship between cost and environmental efficiency, this paper uses a Material Balance Principle based Data Envelopment Analysis approach using a dataset of 353 marine cage lobster farms in Vietnam. The findings show that improvements in input use efficiency would result in both lower production costs and better environmental performance. If lobster farms were to become more cost efficient, using a more appropriate input mix, given the input price information, this would benefit the environment. Similarly, improving environmental performance generally also reduces production costs.
B cells migrate into remote brain areas and support neurogenesis and functional recovery after focal stroke in mice

Lymphocytes infiltrate the stroke core and penumbra and often exacerbate cellular injury. B cells, however, are lymphocytes that do not contribute to acute pathology but can support recovery. B cell adoptive transfer to mice reduced infarct volumes 3 and 7 d after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo), independent of changing immune populations in recipient mice. Testing a direct neurotrophic effect, B cells cocultured with mixed cortical cells protected neurons and maintained dendritic arborization after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Whole-brain volumetric serial two-photon tomography (STPT) and a custom-developed image analysis pipeline visualized and quantified poststroke B cell diapedesis throughout the brain, including remote areas supporting functional recovery. Stroke induced significant bilateral B cell diapedesis into remote brain regions regulating motor and cognitive functions and neurogenesis (e.g., dentate gyrus, hypothalamus, olfactory areas, cerebellum) in the whole-brain datasets. To confirm a mechanistic role for B cells in functional recovery, rituximab was given to human CD20+ (hCD20+) transgenic mice to continuously deplete hCD20+-expressing B cells following tMCAo. These mice experienced delayed motor recovery, impaired spatial memory, and increased anxiety through 8 wk poststroke compared to wild type (WT) littermates also receiving rituximab. B cell depletion reduced stroke-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and cell survival. Thus, B cell diapedesis occurred in areas remote to the infarct that mediated motor and cognitive recovery. Understanding the role of B cells in neuronal health and disease-based plasticity is critical for developing effective immune-based therapies for protection against diseases that involve recruitment of peripheral immune cells into the injured brain.
Evaluation Approach: Practice-Focused Middle School Science Modules

Advanced Manufacturing and Prototyping Integrated to Unlock Potential (AMP-IT-UP) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded K-12 Math & Science Partnership (MSP) project with a goal of promoting math, science, and engineering learning through STEM integration-focused curricula. As part of this project, curriculum writers developed one-week modules providing instruction on a set of STEM practices within the context of the appropriate grade-level content. These STEM practices are Experimental Design, Data Visualization, and Data-Driven Decision Making; the emphasis of each of these practices is, respectively, the collection of data, the representation of data, and the use of data to support complex decision-making. Nine of these one-week modules were created in the science domain, one focused on each practice at grade levels 6, 7, and 8. A parallel set of nine modules in the math domain were also created. In this paper, we will focus on our assessment of the implementation of these modules across four middle schools. We will present our methodology for assessing this complex instructional effort. Data sources included online implementation surveys, teachers’ on-line posts, as well as classroom observations. Findings were triangulated across these multiple data sources to provide detailed insights into curriculum functioning and teacher experiences. We will also provide some results from pre-post assessments of student learning, which were written for a subset of the science modules. Overall, the results indicate positive teacher experiences as well as significant increases in student learning in some modules. Findings from these data sources were used by curriculum developers to inform later iterations of the modules.
Early Information Technology Program High School Teachers' Training and Continual Professional Development

The School of Information Technology (SoIT) established an Early IT program where the six, first-year IT courses of the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) degree are taught in the local schools by certified high school teachers. These courses (e.g., fundamentals of IT, networking, programming, database, web development, system administration) are dual credit and allow high school students to graduate from high school with the first year of the SoIT BSIT degree complete.A competency-based educational graduate certificate was developed to train and certify high school teachers to teach these college classes at their local schools.
Influence of Inverter-Based Resources on Microgrid Protection: Part 2: Secondary Networks and Microgrid Protection

Secondary networks are deployed when exceptionally high-reliability electric service is required for specific loads. Secondary network protection makes extensive use of the fact that the available fault currents in such systems are typically very high. Also, most faults in secondary networks must be isolated from both sides, which requires some special considerations. Today, microgrids are also being deployed as a means of increasing power system resilience on radial circuits. Many microgrids are energized exclusively by inverter-based resources (IBRs), either all the time or under certain operational conditions. The protection of IBR-sourced microgrids is entirely different from that of secondary networks. IBRs are often distributed throughout a system, their fault currents are generally low, and the current flow is not unidirectional. Thus, if it were ever contemplated to deploy a microgrid on a secondary network, significant system protection challenges would have to be overcome.
HEXON: Protecting Firmware Using Hardware-Assisted Execution-Level Obfuscation

The prevalence of embedded systems and IoTs in critical applications raises the demand for comprehensive security and assurance of the system’s firmware and hardware. Due to the ease of access to these devices, the proprietary firmware becomes vulnerable to various attacks such as piracy, reverse engineering, and tampering. Computationally heavy encryption and obfuscations have been introduced to thwart these attacks; however, they are prohibitively expensive to deploy in resource-constrained systems. Moreover, they are unable to prevent information leakage through memory bus snooping or execution on unauthorized hardware. This paper proposes a novel solution for protecting firmware using hardware-assisted execution-level obfuscation (HEXON) leveraging device-intrinsic signatures. HEXON performs opcode and block-level obfuscations while shuffling all blocks of program memory in firmware. It in-cludes an on-chip hardware architecture for run-time obfuscation and deobfuscation of instructions. Our experiments show that HEXON requires minimal area and static power overhead (∼0.6% and ∼4.8%, respectively), incurs a small performance penalty (∼9.62%), and requires a minimum of 4 × 1052 trials to perform brute-force attack.
Laboratory Study of Wind Tides in Shallow Water

Wind tides and wave conditions in shallow water were studied in laboratory channel; experiments were conducted with smooth and rough bottom conditions, and with strips of cheese cloth in channel to simulate roughness effects of vegetation in nature; results indicate rapidly increasing setup when still water depth decreases below certain limit.
Quantum Chemical Methods for Massively Parallel Computers

In 1946 shortly after the development of the first electronic computer John Von Neumann was asked to consult the Office of Naval Research on whether enough applications could be found for high-speed computing devices to justify further funding. Von Neumann concluded: It is, furthermore, quite clear that there are many problems where the length or the complexity of the problem is not sufficient to justify electronic speeds. It is important, however, to point out that there are plenty of problems which justify this speed, and, furthermore, the chances are that if these speeds become available, we will come to discover more and more how numerous these problems are.(1)
Nonexistence of skew loops on ellipsoids

We prove that every C 1 closed curve immersed on an ellipsoid has a pair of parallel tangent lines. This establishes the optimal regularity for a phenomenon first observed by B. Segre. Our proof uses an approximation argument with the aid of an estimate for the size of loops in the tangential spherical image of a spherical curve.
Improved parasitic speed controllers for space power systems

Parasitic speed controller for alternator rotational speed and frequency regulation in dynamic space power systems, investigating phase controlled loading improvement
Physiological Assessments of Chemical Threat Protective Patient Wraps in Three Environments

Abstract : Comparisons of physiological responses of eight resting supine subjects to 2-h encapsulation in the current chemical warfare agent protective patient wrap, and seven prototypes were conducted in a warm (T sub db = 30C, T sub dp = 7C) environment. Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations within the wrap, and the subjects' rectal temperature (T sub re), heart rate (HR) and sweating rates were determined. The subjects' sweating rates and final T sub re and HR were not different among wraps. Two prototype wraps were further tested in the heat (T sub db = 49C, T sub dp = 17C) and cold (T sub db = -39C). The chosen wraps were the wrap of Nyco twill shell and 3M melt-blown polypropylene core which showed the smallest changes in O2 and CO2 (final O2 = 19.3%, CO2 = 1.2%) of the prototypes, and the Nyco oxford shell and Bondina Mark IV core wrap which had the third smallest changes in O2 and CO2 levels (final O2 = 18.8%, CO2 = 1.6%) in the warm environment. Both wraps resulted in the smallest T sub re increase (0.2C) in the warm environment. In the heat, final O2 concentration was greater (0.5%; p = 0.05) for the Nyco twill 3M wrap although final T re, HR and weight loss were not different between wraps. In the cold, there were no differences between the wraps in these physiological responses. These results show that the Nyco twill 3M patient wrap is equal or better than the six prototype wraps in the warm and hot environments, and performs as well as the Bondina Mark IV in the cold.
Fractionation of subcellular elements from rat central nervous tissue in a cesium chloride gradient. Biochemical and ultrastructural studies

Abstract Subcellular particles from central nervous tissue of albino rats were separated into 6 fractions in a cesium chloride density gradient. Ultrastructural studies indicated that three of the bands were composed almost exclusively of smooth membranes; one (Band 6) contained ribosomes; one (Band 5) contained a large number of dense-core particles 900–1200 A. in diameter and Band 4 contained many multivesicular bodies. Following the injection of 3H-uridine into rats of different ages, the specific activity of each of the fractions was determined. Bands 5 and 6 had a higher specific activity than the other bands. The maximum activity was at 15 days postnatum. In the 40-day-old and the adult, the specific activity of Bands 5 and 6 was less than one-fifth that of the 15-day rat. The relation of the specific activity in each fraction to the ultrastructure of the nervous tissue at different stages of development is described and discussed.
A semi-direct procedure using a local relaxation factor and its application to an internal flow problem

Generally, fast direct solvers are not directly applicable to a nonseparable elliptic partial differential equation. This limitation, however, is circumvented by a semi-direct procedure, i.e., an iterative procedure using fast direct solvers. An efficient semi-direct procedure which is easy to implement and applicable to a variety of boundary conditions is presented. The current procedure also possesses other highly desirable properties, i.e.: (1) the convergence rate does not decrease with an increase of grid cell aspect ratio, and (2) the convergence rate is estimated using the coefficients of the partial differential equation being solved.
HCOMP-14 Organization

Maneesh Agrawala (University of California, Berkeley) Paul Bennett (Microsoft Research) Yiling Chen (Harvard University) Lydia Chilton (University of Washington) Caren Cooper (Cornell University) Steven Dow (Carnegie Mellon University) Maxine Eskenazi (Carnegie Mellon University) Krzysztof Gajos (Harvard University) Elizabeth Gerber (Northwestern University) Arpita Ghosh (Cornell University) Jonathan Huang (Stanford University) Panagiotis Ipeirotis (NYU) Ashish Kapoor (Microsoft Research) Gabriella Kazai (Microsoft Research) Anand Kulkarni (MobileWorks, Inc.) Edith Law (University of Waterloo) Matthew Lease (University of Texas at Austin) Chris Lintott (Oxford) Adam Marcus (GoDaddy/Locu)
The position of deuterium in HOD—NNO as determined by structural and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants

Rotational spectra of the weakly bound H2O-N2O complex and its HOD-N2O isotopologue in a supersonic jet are reported. Rotational constants of the singly substituted deuterium in water and each singly substituted nitrogen-15 are presented. Combinations of isotopic data and high level ab initio calculations place the water in a similar position to those of the isoelectronic H2O-CO2 complex, with a slight tilt of the OH towards the NNO axis. The deuterium nuclear quadrupole coupling constant places the deuterium on the O-H axis quasi-parallel to the NNO axis.
Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals

Purpose of review HIV-infected individuals are living longer due to effective antiretroviral therapy and may therefore have a greater opportunity to develop HPV-associated malignancies. This review describes the risk factors and burden of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) among HIV-infected individuals.
Are implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem related? A meta-analysis for the Name-Letter Test

Abstract A meta-analysis of the empirical literature was conducted to examine the strength of empirical associations between explicit (questionnaire) measures of self-esteem and one of the most frequently used implicit self-esteem measures – the Name-Letter Test ( Nuttin, 1985 ). Results indicated that the NLT was consistently, albeit weakly, related to explicit self-esteem measures. Also, increasing the accessibility of explicit self-esteem (by administering the questionnaire measure prior to the implicit measure) increased the magnitude of association. Discussion centers on the role of psychometric factors in dissociations between explicit and implicit self-esteem measures. Implications for measurement and conceptualization of self-esteem also are discussed.
The lattice of semiretracts of a free monoid

The poset of retracts of a free monoid F is a lattice only when F is generated by three or fewer elements. We extend this result by widening attention from the retracts of F to the finite intersections of retracts, which we call semiretracts. When F is generated by three or fewer elements every semiretract is a retract. We obtain the desired generalization: The semiretracts of a finitely generated free monoid form a complete lattice. Moreover, each such lattice satisfies the ascending and descending chain conditions. These results are demonstrated through the use of special features of the minimal generating sets of retracts of free monoids.
Measuring energy expenditure in clinical populations: rewards and challenges

The measurement of energy expenditure (EE) is recommended as an important component of comprehensive clinical nutrition assessments in patients with altered metabolic states, who failed to respond to nutrition support and with critical illness that require individualized nutrition support. There is evidence that EE is variable in patients with metabolic diseases, such as chronic renal disease, cirrhosis, HIV, cancer cachexia, cystic fibrosis and patients under intensive care. By using appropriate techniques and interpretations of basal or resting EE, clinicians can facilitate the adequate nutrition support with minimum negative impacts from under- or overfeeding in these patients. This review is based on our current understanding of the different components of EE and the techniques to measure them, and to re-examine advances and challenges to determine energy needs in clinical populations with more focuses on the obese, pediatric and elderly patients. In addition, technological advances have expanded the choices of market-available equipments for assessing EE, which also bring specific challenges and rewards in selecting the right equipment with specific performance criteria. Lastly, analytical considerations of interpreting the results of EE in the context of changing body composition are presented and discussed.
Flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular disease.

a cornerstone of the “exercise is medicine” movement is that regular exercise has widespread health benefits. Compared with the number of studies that have characterized health outcomes, relatively few address the mechanisms for the health outcomes. The study by Birk et al. ([1][1]) in the
The Effects of Information on Perspectives and Attitude Change

Summary This experiment tested the hypothesis that informational communications function like direct persuasive appeals to induce attitude change, particularly if the message is sufficiently extreme to alter Ss’ perspectives. Attitudes toward the target issue were surveyed, and 30 days later, 40 of the survey respondents read an informational communication that was either highly or moderately discrepant with their initial attitudes. The results indicated that the highly discrepant informational communication altered both the upper and lower boundaries of Ss’ perspectives and produced attendant changes in the scale to which it was most directly relevant (i.e., attitude content) without affecting the language Ss used (i.e., self-ratings) to describe that content.
Linking the Production Possibilities Curve, the Supply Curve, and the Competitive Norm.

This article advocates that instructors of introductory economics treat the supply curve as a plot of the slope of the production possibilities curve.
Sex differences in disease risk from reported genome-wide association study findings.

Men and women differ in susceptibility to many diseases and in responses to treatment. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a wealth of data for associating genetic profiles with disease risk; however, in general, these data have not been systematically probed for sex differences in gene-disease associations. Incorporating sex into the analysis of GWAS results can elucidate new relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and human disease. In this study, we performed a sex-differentiated analysis on significant SNPs from GWAS data of the seven common diseases studied by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. We employed and compared three methods: logistic regression, Woolf’s test of heterogeneity, and a novel statistical metric that we developed called permutation method to assess sex effects (PMASE). After correction for false discovery, PMASE finds SNPs that are significantly associated with disease in only one sex. These sexually dimorphic SNP-disease associations occur in Coronary Artery Disease and Crohn’s Disease. GWAS analyses that fail to consider sex-specific effects may miss discovering sexual dimorphism in SNP-disease associations that give new insights into differences in disease mechanism between men and women.
Songs of the Caged, Songs of the Free: Music and the Vietnamese Refugee Experience

CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction PART I The Journey Prologue 1 First Asylum: The Camp in Palawan, Philippines 2 Springboard to Resettlement: The Refugee Processing Center PART II The Transplanted Life Prologue 3 Vietnamese in New Jersey: The Birth of Community 4 Orange County, California, and the Vietnamese 5 Vietnamese Americans in Orange County: The Musical Life Codetta: After Normalization... Epilogue Appendix Notes References Index
Culture of Helicobacter pylori: Effect of Preimmersion of Biopsy Forceps in Formalin

Background.Treatment of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori should be based on bacterial sensitivity testing that requires the ability to isolate the bacterium from gastric mucosal biopsies. The aim of this study was to determine whether the yield for detecting H. pylori infection by culture is reduced by immersion of biopsy forceps in formalin prior to obtaining the specimen. Materials and Methods.Gastric antral mucosal biopsies (100 specimens) from 50 patients were obtained for culture of H. pylori. An antral biopsy was taken for culture, and with the same forceps a biopsy was taken for histological examination. The biopsy specimen was removed by shaking, whereas the forceps was immersed in 10% buffered formalin for the histological investigation. The forceps was then used without rinsing to obtain a second specimen for culture from an area adjacent to the first site. H. pylori status was determined by histological assessment with the Genta stain and a rapid urease test. Results.Fifty patients with H. pylori infection documented by histological inquiry and positive rapid urease testing entered the study; 29 had duodenal ulcers, 5 had gastric ulcers, 1 had mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and 15 were without ulcer disease. The results of culture both before and after immersion in formalin were identical. One patient had both cultures negative; the sensitivity of culture for detection of H. pylori infection was 98% (95% confidence interval =93%-100%). Conclusion. Preimmersion of biopsy forceps in formalin does not adversely affect the ability to culture H. pylori.
Understanding spatial connectivity of individuals with non-uniform population density.

We construct a two-dimensional geometric graph connecting individuals placed in space within a given contact distance. The individuals are distributed using a measured country’s density of population. We observe that while large clusters (group of individuals connected) emerge within some regions, they are trapped in detached urban areas owing to the low population density of the regions bordering them. To understand the emergence of a giant cluster that connects the entire population, we compare the empirical geometric graph with the one generated by placing the same number of individuals randomly in space. We find that, for small contact distances, the empirical distribution of population dominates the growth of connected components, but no critical percolation transition is observed in contrast to the graph generated by a random distribution of population. Our results show that contact distances from real-world situations as for WIFI and Bluetooth connections drop in a zone where a fully connected cluster is not observed, hinting that human mobility must play a crucial role in contact-based diseases and wireless viruses’ large-scale spreading.
Helly-type theorems for appropriate colorings of visibility sets

For positive integers q and n, think of P as the vertex set of a (qn + r)-gon, \( 0 \leq r \leq q - 1 \). For \( 1 \leq i \leq qn + r \), define V(i) to be a set of q consecutive points of P, starting at p(i), and let S be a subset of \( \lbrace V(i) : 1 \leq i \leq qn + r \rbrace \). A q-coloring of P = P(q) such that each member of S contains all q colors is called appropriate for S, and when \( 1 \leq j \leq q \), the definition may be extended to suitable subsets P(j) of P. If for every \( 1 \leq j \leq q \) and every corresponding P(j), P(j) has a j-coloring appropriate for S, then we say P = P(q) has all colorings appropriate for S. With this terminology, the following Helly-type result is established: Set P = P(q) has all colorings appropriate for S if and only if for every (2n + 1)-member subset T of S, P has all colorings appropriate for T. The number 2n + 1 is best possible for every \( r \geq 1 \). Intermediate results for q-colorings are obtained as well.
Stars Are Not Born: An Interpretive Approach to the Politics of Disability.

ABSTRACT The politics of disability are usually interpreted as attempts to influence government policy in the direction of reducing the negative effects of impairment. This paper enlarges that conventional notion to include attention to how the disabled subject is produced by the discursive practices within which disability is administered. A summary of epistemological perspectives represented by contemporary social thought dealing with disability opens the discussion. Foucault's work is presented as the basis for interpreting recent social science literature on disability from a viewpoint which is sensitive to variations in epistemological presuppositions in that literature and to the political implications of each mode of research for the administration and treatment of disability. A concluding section contains speculation on forms of political action which are relevant to the politics of disability at the constitutive level.
The influence of polyvalency on the binding properties of antibodies.

Abstract We present a general formalism for predicting the relationship between the binding affinities in several kinds of antigen-antibody interactions. The reference binding constant is that of monovalent antibody for monovalent antigen. The equations then allow one to predict the ratio of this constant to that for attaching divalent antibody to divalent antigen. We further develop the theory to consider the binding of multivalent antibodies to a multideterminant antigen particle, in the restricted case of small fractional occupancy of the determinant sites by antibodies. There is good agreement between the calculated results and certain data from the literature. In situations where multisite adherence to a single particle and cross-linking of discrete particles are both possible, the former is predicted to predominate strongly. That the opposite appears sometimes to be experimentally the case means that special features favoring agglutination reactions must be present in these instances. Finally, those factors that potentially make polyvalent γM antibodies more effective agglutinators than bivalent γG antibodies are delineated briefly.
Sediment transport in Hurricane Sandy

Tropical and extra-tropical cyclones are episodic events that redistribute sediment, pollutants, nutrients and heat on continental shelves. The development and validation of ocean and sediment transport models is necessary to interpret short-term events on the long-term sediment record. Numerous studies have used pre- and post-storm surveys to validate three-dimensional sediment resuspension and transport models, but due to extreme sampling conditions in situ validation has been limited to a few point measurements. Over the last decade many of the acoustic and optical sensors used on tripods and benthic landers have been developed for, and included on, autonomous underwater vehicles. In this study we use a combination of the Regional Ocean Modeling System and a Teledyne-Webb Slocum glider as well as other regional ocean observing assets to characterize sediment transport on the New Jersey continental shelf during Hurricane Sandy in October of 2012.
Gene flow after inbreeding leads to higher survival in deer mice

Abstract We test the ability of gene flow to alleviate the deleterious effects of inbreeding in a small mammal, the deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ). After three generations of sib–sib mating, individuals from three lines of mice were either subject to further inbreeding or were mated with an outbred individual. Subsequently, these mice, plus a control line, which were first generation (F 1 ) mice from unrelated individuals kept in captivity for the same duration as the treatment lines, were released into isolated pens in a forest in western Montana. Survival of individual mice was recorded. Survival models that allowed variation in breeding treatments were well supported, whereas models explaining variation in line, or release location were not well supported. Survival was highest for offspring of the outcross group, intermediate for the inbred animals, and lowest for the control group. This suggests that the introduction of migrants can reduce inbreeding depression, as theory predicts. We also show limited evidence for purging of deleterious recessive alleles that can cause inbreeding depression. While purging may have occurred, the demographic cost was non-trivial as 5 of 8 of our inbred mouse lines went extinct during the inbreeding process.
Frequency dependent impedance and admittance (immittance) data-handling and interpretation using complex plane formalisms via nonlinear regression analysis for smart electronic materials and devices: overview and case studies

The ac small-signal electrical data handling criteria are discussed with the real-world examples. Both Debye (ideal) and non-Debye (non-ideal) relaxations via semicircular loci in the complex plane formalisms are discussed. Detailed discussion on the analytical methods emphasized both geometric and complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) fitting procedures. It is shown that the large data collection having small interval within the successive frequencies aids in the accuracy of the methods via matching sets of extracted parameters. For fewer data collection having wide gap in the successive frequencies, two analytical methods do not match for the extracted parameters. It is visualized that both methods are valid and lead to the accuracy to investigate novel electronic materials and devices. The geometric method yields the parameters whereas the CNLS method assumes the parameters for exact fitting.
Crystal structure of lambda-Cro bound to a consensus operator at 3.0 A resolution.

Abstract The structure of the Cro protein from bacteriophage λ in complex with a 19 base-pair DNA duplex that includes the 17 base-pair consensus operator has been determined at 3.0 A resolution. The structure confirms the large changes in the protein and DNA seen previously in a crystallographically distinct low-resolution structure of the complex and, for the first time, reveals the detailed interactions between the side-chains of the protein and the base-pairs of the operator. Relative to the crystal structure of the free protein, the subunits of Cro rotate 53° with respect to each other on binding DNA. At the same time the DNA is bent by 40° through the 19 base-pairs. The intersubunit connection includes a region within the protein core that is structurally reminiscent of the “ball and socket” motif seen in the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The crystal structure of the Cro complex is consistent with virtually all available biochemical and related data. Some of the interactions between Cro and DNA proposed on the basis of model-building are now seen to be correct, but many are different. Tests of the original model by mutagenesis and biochemical analysis corrected some but not all of the errors. Within the limitations of the crystallographic resolution it appears that operator recognition is achieved almost entirely by direct hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals contacts between the protein and the exposed bases within the major groove of the DNA. The discrimination of Cro between the operators OR3 and OR1, which differ in sequence at just three positions, is inferred to result from a combination of small differences, both favorable and unfavorable. A van der Waals contact at one of the positions is of primary importance, while the other two provide smaller, indirect effects. Direct hydrogen bonding is not utilized in this distinction.
DIRECT METHODS FOR SURFACES

This paper reviews recent progress in the application of Direct Methods to solve surface structures using surface X-ray or transmission electron diffraction data. The basic ideas of (crystallographic) Direct Methods are presented, as well as the additional problems posed by trying to apply them to surfaces and how they connect to the mathematical theory of projections. Surface crystallography notation is presented, which differs from the widely used LEED notation in that it emphasizes the surface symmetry. This is followed by a description of methods for structure completion and refinement, followed by applications to some experimental systems, both those where the structure was previously known (calibration tests) and a few where it was not, concluding with problems and limitations.
A synthesis of methyl α-maltoside☆

Abstract A mixture of methanol, bromine, and silver carbonate readily converted ethyl 1-thio-β-maltoside into a mixture containing methyl α,β-maltoside and traces of maltose. The α-anomer, which initially formed 85% of the maltoside fraction, was enriched by selective oxidation of the β-anomer with chromic acid. Chromatographic purification gave a 65% yield of methyl α-maltoside of 97% anomeric purity. N.m.r. spectral data for methyl α-maltoside heptaacetate were obtained.
Therapeutic advances in functional gastrointestinal disease: irritable bowel syndrome.

Reported prevalence rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are between 8% to 20% in the US general population with an average medical expenditure of US$1.35 billion direct and US$205 million indirect costs. Current pathophysiologic theories are based on abnormalities of both the brain and gut, thus setting a new stage for current and future therapeutic approaches. There are numerous treatment options in IBS acting centrally and peripherally by influencing motility and visceral sensitivity. Clinical evidence is variable; however, newer emerging treatments are being evaluated using better-designed clinical trials. Accurate assessment of IBS drug efficacy is still hampered by heterogeneity of the IBS population. Novel methods such as pharmacogenomics or brain imaging may be helpful in the future to better understand and characterize IBS patient subtypes, and this in turn will lead to more specific and efficient therapeutic options. Patient subpopulation measurement of side effects is also a clinical challenge and further understanding could improve treatment efficacy by enhancing the patient compliance.
βcap73-ARF6 Interactions Modulate Cell Shape and Motility after Injury In Vitro

To understand the role that ARF6 plays in regulating isoactin dynamics and cell motility, we transfected endothelial cells (EC) with HA-tagged ARF6: the wild-type form (WT), a constitutively-active form unable to hydrolyze GTP (Q67L), and two dominant-negative forms, which are either unable to release GDP (T27N) or fail to bind nucleotide (N122I). Motility was assessed by digital imaging microscopy before Western blot analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, or colocalization studies using ARF6, beta-actin, or beta-actin-binding protein-specific antibodies. EC expressing ARF6-Q67L spread and close in vitro wounds at twice the control rates. EC expressing dominant-negative ARF6 fail to develop a leading edge, are unable to ruffle their membranes (N122I), and possess arborized processes. Colocalization studies reveal that the Q67L and WT ARF6-HA are enriched at the leading edge with beta-actin; but T27N and N122I ARF6-HA are localized on endosomes together with the beta-actin capping protein, betacap73. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses reveal the direct association of ARF6-HA with betacap73, defining a role for ARF6 in signaling cytoskeletal remodeling during motility. Knowledge of the role that ARF6 plays in orchestrating membrane and beta-actin dynamics will help to reveal molecular mechanisms regulating actin-based motility during development and disease.
Standing-wave ratio of inaccessible load

Synopsis. Formulas are given for the minimum and maximum possible voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of an inaccessible load fed by an imperfect transmission line. The formulas involve measurements at the accessible input terminals of the transmission line. Required data are the VSWR existing when the line is terminated by a known, perfectly matched load and the VSWR measured when the line is terminated by the unknown load.
Chemical and statistical considerations in the determination of partition coefficients of weakly ionizable drugs and poisons.

Abstract Equations have been developed that relate the concentration (or a parameter directly proportional to concentration, such as optical absorbance) of a weakly ionizable solute in a water-immiscible phase, in equilibrium with an aqueous phase, to the pH of the aqueous phase, the partition coefficient of the unionized solute and the phase volume ratio. These relationships have been used in the design of experimental methods for determining partition coefficients, which require measurement of solute concentration in only one phase. Data obtained in this way permit ready recognition of deviations from assumptions made in the development of the model; these assumptions include insolubility of the ionized solute in the water-immiscible phase and lack of interaction between buffer components and solute. Conditions for optimal liquid—liquid extraction of weakly ionizable solutes are more easily recognized. With these techniques, the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (pK′a) and the logarithm of the octanol—water partition coefficient (log P) have been measured for warfarin (pK′a = 5.15 ± 0.04; log P = 2.82 ± 0.06), strychnine (pK′a = 8.29 ± 0.02; log P = 2.23 ± 0.04), phenol (pK′a = 9.88 ± 0.02; log P = 1.75 ± 0.05), procaine (pK′a = 8.11 ± 0.04; log P = 1.10 ± 0.08), and ephedrine (pK′a = 9.92 ± 0.01; log P = 1.65 ± 0.04) at 21°C.
Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822 – Alida C. Metcalf

Historians of Brazil, rejoice! This pathbreaking study of family strategies in rural colonial Brazil is back in print. First published in 1992, this work represents an exceptional contribution to o...
The analysis of biological and environmental samples for lead by photon activation

On utilise le reaction photonucleaire204Pb(γ, n)203Pb pour doser le plomb dans des echantillons issue de milieux biologiques et de l'environment. En utilisant des echantillons deja titres en plomb par d'autres methodes, on a juge la precision des mesures convenable. En utilisant une separation chimique soignee apres l'irradiation, la quantite limite detectee est de l'ordre d'une dizaine de nanogrammes.
Effect of pressure on competing electronic correlations in the heavy-electron system URu 2 Si 2

The heavy-electron compound ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ exhibits two electronic phase transitions: superconductivity at ${T}_{c}$apeq21.5 K and a second transition at ${T}_{0}$apeq217.5 K. The specific-heat anomaly associated with the transition at ${T}_{0}$ has a mean-field BCS-like form which suggests the formation of a charge- or spin-density wave that partially gaps the Fermi surface. Through electrical-resistivity measurements, we have studied the influence of pressure P up to \ensuremath{\sim}15.4 kbar on these transitions. For pressures less than 12 kbar, ${T}_{0}$ increases linearly at a rate \ensuremath{\sim}130 mK/kbar, while ${T}_{c}$ decreases linearly at a rate \ensuremath{\sim}95 mK/kbar. The nearly equal but opposite P dependences of ${T}_{0}$ and ${T}_{c}$ suggest a competition for electronic density of states at the Fermi level. The resistivity, when normalized to its maximum value \ensuremath{\rho}(${T}_{\mathrm{max}}$), scales as a function of reduced temperature T/${T}_{\mathrm{max}(\mathrm{P})}$ from ${T}_{c}$ to well above ${T}_{\mathrm{max}}$, except in the immediate vicinity of ${T}_{0}$.
Genetic Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Region of the TNF-α Gene in Children with Kawasaki Disease

Genetic Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Region of the TNF-α Gene in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Some approaches to the synthesis of fluorinated alcohols and esters. I. Completely fluorinated esters from the hunsdiecker reaction of silver F-alkanoates with iodine

Abstract A completely fluorinated ester of the type RFCO2CF2RF′ was obtained from reaction of silver 3,6,9-trioxa-F-undecanoate and iodine with a diluent at 130°. This new substance resembled closely the previously prepared 1,1-dichloro-F-alkyl esters and was hydrolytically and thermally labile. Substitution products, RFCOY (Y = nucleophile) and pyrolysis products, RFCOF and RF′COF were isolated and characterized. It appears probable that the acyl hypoiodite and the iodo-F-alkane reacted by an SEi-type process to give the completely fluorinated ester.
Time-Delay Effects on Linear/Nonlinear Feedback Control of Simple Aeroelastic Systems

A study of the effects of time delay on the linear/nonlinear feedback control of two-dimensional lifting surfaces in an incompressible flowfield is presented. Specifically, the case of a one-degree-of-freedom system is considered in detail, and in that context, both the structural and the unsteady aerodynamics models are assumed to be linear. The study of the stability/instability behavior of nonlinear feedback time-delay closed-loop aeroelastic systems
Phonon force models and surfaces of near degeneracy in the isobaric alkali halides

A number of near degeneracies occur in the measured phonon spectra of the isobaric alkali halides NaF, KCl, RbBr, and CsI, in which the alkali- and halogen-ion masses are nearly equal. The lattice dynamics of KCl and RbBr are reexamined in terms of several different shell models. It is shown that the observed eigenfrequencies in these materials can be fitted essentially as well by an artificial model in which the two ions are treated as identical except for their charge as by a general 11-parameter model. The calculations indicate the existence of surfaces of near degeneracy in the Brillouin zone, as predicted by Segall and Foldy. Neutron-structure-factor measurements may be required to distinguish among realistic competing force models.