cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies to a synthetic fibrin-like peptide bind to human fibrin but not fibrinogen

A synthetic heptapeptide from the amino terminus of the beta chain in human fibrin was used as an antigen to produce monoclonal antibodies that bind to fibrin even in the presence of human fibrinogen at the concentration found in plasma. As expected, the antifibrin activity was inhibited by the peptide antigen but not by a control heptapeptide. In a chicken ex vivo circulatory model for fibrin detection, intravenously administered monoclonal antibodies bound to human fibrin-coated disks placed in an extracorporeal chamber. These findings may lead to better methods for identifying deep vein and coronary artery thrombi.
Proposal for fast optical spin rotations in quantum dots

Abstract A proposal for fast optical rotation of the spin of an electron in a quantum dot is presented. Hyperbolic secant pulses of appropriate polarization are employed to induce a relative phase between two spin basis states. This phase is the angle of spin rotation, and the polarization determines the direction of the spin. Varying both allows for the construction of arbitrary rotations. Simulations with typical parameters for InAs self-assembled quantum dots—including dissipative dynamics—show that the fidelity of the operations is at least 99%. The effect of deviation from the ideal pulse shape is also examined.
Seasonal changes in groundwater input to a well‐mixed estuary estimated using radium isotopes and implications for coastal nutrient budgets

226Ra (half-life 1,600 yr) and 228Ra (half-life 5.75 yr) were used as tracers to determine seasonal changes in groundwater input to the Pettaquamscutt estuary from June 1999 to June 2000. Ra isotopes were observed to be in excess of activities due to input from streams, Rhode Island Sound water, and particle desorption. The source of excess 226Ra and 228Ra within the estuary is attributed to groundwater transport of Ra derived from the weathering of bedrock within the Pettaquamscutt watershed. Short-lived 224Ra (half-life 3.66 d) was used to calculate an average residence time of the estuary of 8 ± 4 d. Box models used to constrain seasonal changes in groundwater input to the estuary indicate highest groundwater input in the summer (6.4–20 L m−2 d−1) and lowest values in the winter (2.1–6.9 L m−2 d−1). These Ra-derived groundwater fluxes are similar to rates of aquifer recharge over the annual cycle. Using these Ra-derived groundwater fluxes, the input of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from groundwater to the Pettaquamscutt was estimated at 61–180 mmol m−2 yr−1 and 4.4-13 mmol m−2 yr−1, respectively.
Associations Among Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Preschoolers' Gender Role Development

(1998). Associations Among Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Preschoolers' Gender Role Development. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 159, No. 1, pp. 121-126.
A Complete Classification for Pairs of Real Analytic Curves in the Complex Plane with Tangential Intersection

We study the group structure of centralizers of a holomorphic mapping that is tangent to the identity. We give a complete classification for pairs of real analytic curves intersecting tangentially via the Ecalle--Voronin theory. We also classify pairs of one-dimensional holomorphic involutions that have a high-order tangency, real analytic mappings on the real line, and exceptional non-Abelian subgroups of Cerveau and Moussu. Consequently, we prove the existence of holomorphic mappings z ? z + O(2) that are reversible by a formal antiholomorphic mapping, but not by any (convergent) antiholomorphic one. We also prove the existence of local real analytic mappings on the real line that are not equivalent with respect to any local real analytic diffeomorphism and yet whose complexifications are holomorphically equivalent.
Incidence of breakage of human RBCs frozen with 40‐percent wt/vol glycerol using two different methods for storage at –80°C

BACKGROUND We reported previously that the incidence of breakage was 34.2 percent when human RBCs were frozen with 40-percent wt/vol glycerol in polyolefin plastic bags stored in aluminum containers at -80 degrees C and subjected to transportation. When human RBCs were frozen with 40-percent wt/vol glycerol at -80 degrees C in PVC plastic bags placed in polyester plastic bags and stored in rigid corrugated cardboard boxes, transportation resulted in a 2.4-percent incidence of breakage. The present study was done to confirm this incidence of breakage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Meryman- Hornblower freezing method was compared to the Naval Blood Research Laboratory (NBRL) method of freezing for incidence of bag breakage. Human RBCs frozen by the Meryman-Hornblower method with 40-percent wt/vol glycerol with supernatant glycerol and stored in polyolefin plastic bags in aluminum containers at -80 degrees C were stored at the NBRL from 1974 to 2002. With the NBRL method, human RBCs frozen at -80 degrees C without supernatant glycerol in the 800-mL PVC plastic primary bag inside a polyester plastic bag in a rigid corrugated cardboard box were stored at the NBRL from 1984 to 2002. RESULTS The incidence of breakage for 532 units of RBCs that had been frozen by the Meryman- Hornblower method and stored in aluminum containers was 47.3 percent for nontransported units. RBCs that had been frozen by the NBRL method and stored in rigid corrugated cardboard boxes exhibited breakage of 2.4 percent for 2424 nontransported units and 6.7 percent for 633 transported units. DISCUSSION The incidence of breakage was significantly lower for RBCs frozen by the NBRL method than for the RBCs frozen by the Meryman-Hornblower method.
Linearized cosimulation of hydraulic conductivity, pressure head, and flux in saturated and unsaturated, heterogeneous porous media

An efficient cosimulator is developed for generating both random hydraulic property fields and related flow regimes under either saturated or unsaturated conditions. This cosimulator combines a spectral random field generator, based on the Fast Fourier Transform technique, and first-order perturbation/spectral solutions for flow in saturated and unsaturated porous media. Owing to the first-order approximation of the simulator, flow regimes in several geological media with different variabilities are simulated to investigate the accuracy of the simulator. For mild and moderately heterogeneous geological media, the simulator is found to be very accurate in terms of pressure head field and flux distributions. In addition, the execution time of the simulator is substantially smaller than that of any classical numerical simulator. However, the accuracy of the simulator deteriorates as the geological medium becomes highly heterogeneous.
Effect of Naloxone on Maximal Exercise Performance and Control of Ventilation in COPD

Elevated endorphin levels in patients with COPD may act to diminish the sensation of dyspnea. Exogenous opioids decrease exertional dyspnea and increase exercise capacity in COPD patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous opioids on the exercise capacity and control of breathing in patients with COPD. We hypothesized that naloxone, an opioid antagonist, would block the endogenous endorphins and decrease the exercise capacity of our patients. Six patients (mean age, 58.8 ± 3.2 years) with COPD (mean FEV 1 , 1.28 ± 0.46 L) underwent identical incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion (Emax) and assessment of their hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory responses and mouth occlusion pressure responses following the IV administration of naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) (N) or placebo (P) in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Perceived dyspnea (modified Borg scale), breathing patterns, and expired gas levels were compared at rest and at maximal workload (WL). There was no significant difference after N compared with after P in the WL or the duration of work. At Emax there were no significant differences after N compared with after P in ventilation, the level of dyspnea, P 0.1 , V ˙ o 2 , or V ˙ co 2 . The ventilatory response to CO 2 production during exercise (Δ V ˙ E/Δ V ˙ CO 2 ) and the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia did not differ significantly after N compared with after P. This study does not support the hypothesis that endogenous opioids play a significant role in dampening dyspnea and facilitating exercise in patients with COPD.
The preoperative use of erythropoietin stimulating proteins prior to radical prostatectomy is not associated with increased cardiovascular or thromboembolic morbidity or mortality.

Objectives To critically examine the cardiovascular and thromboembolic risks associated with erythropoietin stimulating proteins (ESPs) in men with normal hemoglobin levels undergoing open radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods Between October 1, 2000, through December 31, 2006, a total of 1308 men underwent open radial retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon. Of these men, 1095 received preoperative ESPs. Hematocrit levels measured at baseline, immediately before anesthesia induction and at hospital discharge, were prospectively entered into a database. Thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications were prospectively captured during the hospitalization and after surgery. Results The mean Δ preoperative hematocrit level was 5.9 g/dL. The pre-anesthesia induction hematocrit level was 49.2%. Hospital discharge hematocrit level was 33.6 g/dL. The overall risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications in men receiving ESP were 0.55% and 0.45%, respectively. The risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications were independent of the Δ in preoperative hematocrit or the absolute level of the pre-anesthesia induction hematocrit. Conclusions ESPs represent a safe and effective preoperative blood management strategy for men undergoing open radical retropubic prostatectomy.
The reaction product between hexamethylene tetrammine and mercuric chloride: Its mode of formation and profile angles

A method involving the interaction of hexamethylene tetrammine and mercuric chloride in a solution acidified with hvdrochloric acid is described for the identification of the two substances and for ammonia and formaldehyde as well. The obtuse profile angle of a rhombic crystal of the product has been determined to be 135° 30′.
Suppression of δPKC Activation after Focal Cerebral Ischemia Contributes to the Protective Effect of Hypothermia

Mild hypothermia is a robust neuroprotective treatment for stroke. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hypothermia's benefits will lead to more effective treatments to prevent stroke damage. Delta protein kinase C (δPKC) is a kinase that has been strongly implicated in executing ischemic damage. We investigated the effects of hypothermia on δPKC activation, as determined by its subcellular translocation, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation in a focal cerebral ischemia model. The amount of constitutively activated C-terminal catalytic fragment of δPKC (CF-δPKC) increased after stroke. Both hypothermia (30 C) and the caspase-3-specific inhibitor, Z-DQMD-FMK, blocked the accumulation of activated δPKC in the penumbra. Other hallmarks of δPKC activation, its translocation to the mitochondria, and nucleus were observed in the penumbra as early as 10 mins after reperfusion. These events were blocked by hypothermia. Hypothermia also blocked CF-δPKC increases in the mitochondria and nuclei. Conversely, ...
A successful gold cost reduction programme

With an annual cost of gold exceeding 10 million dollars for its captive circuit board shop, Tektronix, Inc., established a task force to implement conservation. Elements included Purchasing, Material Control, Quality Assurance, Manufacturing and Engineering. Salient programme items were inventory reduction, material accountability, modification of processes, procedures, and equipment to improve uniformity of thickness, and elimination of non‐essential gold use. In addition, scrap‐handling procedures were modified to improve accountability and reclaim returns.
Development and benefits of rhizosphere competent fungi for biological control of plant pathogens

(1992). Development and benefits of rhizosphere competent fungi for biological control of plant pathogens. Journal of Plant Nutrition: Vol. 15, Root Distribution, and Chemistry and Biology of the Root-Soil Interface, pp. 835-843.
Accurate broadband on-wafer SOLT calibrations with complex load and thru models

An improved vector network analyzer calibration approach is demonstrated that utilizes planar lumped short-open-load-thru (SOLT) standards and achieves accuracy comparable to TRL at high frequency, without the commonly occurring errors in TRL at low frequency. The approach relies on complex loadmodels for CPW and microsttip loads that are not currently available in VNA fmware. A non-ideal (lossy) model for the thru line standard is used to enhance results for calibrations involving non-zero length thru lines. GaAs microstrip and CPW substrates were used for the purpose of experimental verification. It is shown that the RF performance changes due to GaAs load fabrication variation can be addressed by "calibrating" or adjusting the load model with the measured DC resistance for a particular load.
Entropic control in green chemistry and materials design

The traditional construction of materials is usually driven by classical synthetic transformations involving the making and breaking of covalent bonds. These processes often require high-energy input and highly reactive and hazardous materials. In natural systems, one typically encounters synthetic control schemes that are based on entropic forces rather than these human-designed enthalpic manipulations. In natural processes, phase changes and triggered mixing are often employed to direct systems toward or away from equilibrium con- ditions. The recognition of these "natural tendencies" allows one to design processes that have reduced toxicological and environmental impact. Results in noncovalent derivatization (NCD) and bioinspired photopolymers that illustrate this shift toward entropic control are de- scribed.
Hoxb-13: a new Hox gene in a distant region of the HOXB cluster maintains colinearity

The Hox genes are involved in patterning along the A/P axes of animals. The clustered organization of Hox genes is conserved from nematodes to vertebrates. During evolution, the number of Hox genes within the ancestral complex increased, exemplified by the five-fold amplification of the AbdB-related genes, leading to a total number of thirteen paralogs. This was followed by successive duplications of the cluster to give rise to the four vertebrate HOX clusters. A specific subset of paralogs was subsequently lost from each cluster, yet the composition of each cluster was likely conserved during tetrapod evolution. While the HOXA, HOXC and HOXD clusters contain four to five AbdB-related genes, only one gene (Hoxb-9) is found in the HOXB complex. We have identified a new member of paralog group 13 in human and mouse, and shown that it is in fact Hoxb-13. A combination of genetic and physical mapping demonstrates that the new gene is found approx. 70 kb upstream of Hoxb-9 in the same transcriptional orientation as the rest of the cluster. Despite its relatively large distance from the HOX complex, Hoxb-13 exhibits temporal and spatial colinearity in the main body axis of the mouse embryo. The onset of transcription occurs at E9.0 in the tailbud region. At later stages of development, Hoxb-13 is expressed in the tailbud and posterior domains in the spinal cord, digestive tract and urogenital system. However, it is not expressed in the secondary axes such as the limbs and genital tubercle. These results indicate that the 5′ end of the HOXB cluster has not been lost and that at least one member exists and is highly conserved among different vertebrate species. Because of its separation from the complex, Hoxb-13 may provide an important system to dissect the mechanism(s) responsible for the maintenance of colinearity.
Enhanced backbone net synthesis for mobile wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present an enhanced mobile backbone network topology synthesis algorithm for constructing and maintaining a dynamic backbone structure in mobile wireless ad hoc networks. The scalability and efficiency of backbone-based routing in ad hoc networks depend on the overhead introduced by the formation of a connected backbone network and the size of the backbone network. We prove that the algorithm presented in this paper has time complexity of the order of 0(1), and yields a communication overhead factor of the order of 0(1) per node. Two rules are introduced for regulating the election of backbone nodes that are shown to enable an asynchronous, distributed and stable operation of the algorithm
Small world peer networks in distributed web search

In ongoing research, a collaborative peer network application is being proposed to address the scalability limitations of centralized search engines. Here we introduce a local adaptive routing algorithm used to dynamically change the topology of the peer network based on a simple learning scheme driven by query response interactions among neighbors. We test the algorithm via simulations with 70 model users based on actual Web crawls. We find that the network topology rapidly converges from a random network to a small world network, with emerging clusters that match the user communities with shared interests.
Self-Resolution of Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood: A Process of Securing Solid Ground

Quantitative research findings suggest that young adults resolve alcohol problems without participating in support groups or formal treatment programs. However, researchers have failed to fully explain the self-resolution process among this age group. Thus, the authors used grounded theory to better explicate why and how young adults self-resolve alcohol problems. The findings suggest that self-resolving alcohol problems in young adulthood involves a temporal process of seeking and securing solid ground. This process is precipitated by situations in which individuals experience precarious footing and eventually begin to lose their balance. These culminating events lead young adults to pursue personal visions and find safe footing on solid ground, despite some rugged terrain along the way.
VIP immunoreactivity in human aqueous humor.

Purpose: To demonstrate the presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive molecule in the human aqueous humor collected from eyes undergoing either cataract or glaucoma surgeries and to identify the masses of molecules responsible for the VIP immunoreactivity. Methods: Aqueous humor specimens were collected by parencentesis from nine cataract patients and also from eight patients undergoing glaucoma surgery following the creation of the limbal based conjunctival flap, partial dissection of the scleral flap, and application of mitomycin-C. The aqueous humor specimens were analyzed by radioimmunoassay to determine the level of VIP immunoreactivity. Specimens from 10 other cataract patients were pooled and analyzed for VIP immunoreactivity by Western blot analysis.Results: Levels of VIP immunoreactivity in aqueous humor of cataract and glaucoma patients were significantly different and were 610 ± 160 and 260 ± 64 pg VIP/ml, respectively (p = 0.03), while there was no correlation between the ...
Changes in Floquet-state structure at avoided crossings: Delocalization and harmonic generation

Avoided crossings are common in the quasienergy spectra of strongly driven nonlinear quantum wells. In this paper we examine the sinusoidally driven particle in a square potential well to show that avoided crossings can alter the structure of Floquet states in this system. Two types of avoided crossings are identified: one type leads only to temporary changes (as a function of driving field strength) in Floquet state structure while the second type can lead to permanent delocalization of the Floquet states. Radiation spectra from these latter states show a significant increase in high harmonic generation as the system passes through the avoided crossing.
Modulation of Drug Sensitivity by Dipyridamole in Multidrug Resistant Tumor Cells in Vitro

The concept of overcoming multidrug resistance using modulators is based on the hypothesis that there will be a synergistic interaction between the modulator and the cytotoxic agent. We examined the ability of dipyridamole (DPM) to synergistically enhance drug sensitivity in drug-sensitive KB-3-1 cells and their drug-resistant variants, KB-GRC1 and KBV1 cells, using median effect analysis to produce a quantitative measure of the extent of synergy. The drug-resistant variants were resistant to vinblastine (VBL), colchicine (COL), and etoposide (VP-16) in the order VBL greater than COL greater than VP-16 on the basis of 50% inhibitory concentration values obtained by clonogenic assay with continuous drug exposure. The extent of staining with the monoclonal antibody HYB-241, directed at a Mr 180,000 form of the mdrI gene product, correlated with drug resistance for all three drugs (r greater than or equal to 0.92). DPM and verapamil elevated the steady state content (Css) of VBL, but there was no correlation between elevation of Css and the extent of synergy observed. DPM enhanced the cytotoxicity of VBL and COL in a synergistic manner in KB-GRC1 cells, and in KBV1 cells DPM interacted synergistically with VBL. VPL was synergistic with VBL only in KB-GRC1 cells. No synergy was observed in the parental KB-3-1 line. These data indicate that, although both DPM and verapamil can increase Css in cells not expressing P-glycoprotein, such an increase was not associated with synergy. In cells expressing mdrl, synergy was observed, and it was greatest for the cytotoxic agent for which expression of mdrl produced the greatest fold-resistance and enhancement of Css. However, neither the level of resistance, the level of expression of mdrl, nor the ability of the modulator to alter Css accurately predicted whether the interaction would be truly synergistic. We conclude that additional factors determine the nature of the drug interaction.
Nutritional Qualities of Stabilized and Raw Rice Bran for Chicks

Rice bran either raw or processed in an extrusion cooker at 130 C was fed to meat strain chickens for 25 days after hatch. Either full fat or hexane-extracted rice bran was placed in the diet at the equivalent of 60% full fat bran. Raw full fat bran for one diet was stored at -23 C until fed, whereas rice bran for all other diets was stored at 32 C. Four experiments were conducted at 6-week intervals. Free fatty acid (FFA) content in oil from raw rice bran stored at the elevated temperature reached 81% by the start of the final experiment whereas FFA in stabilized bran oil remained at about 3%. Chickens fed stabilized rice bran made significantly greater gains than chickens fed raw bran diets. Feed efficiency was superior for chickens fed either full fat or extracted stabilized bran compared with full fat bran stored at either 32 or -23 C. Feed conversion for extracted raw bran was intermediate between stabilized bran and full fat raw bran. Raw bran stored at 32 C (with elevated FFA content) tended to produce lower gains than the frozen raw bran. Analysis of the combined data from all four trials indicated that raw bran held at 32 C produced the lowest gains among all of the diets.
Damage mechanics of electromigration and thermomigration in lead-free solder alloys under alternating current: An experimental study:

Electromigration and thermomigration reliability of Sn96.5%Ag3.0%Cu0.5 (SAC305 by weight) solder joints under alternating current is studied experimentally with the maximum current density from 2.1 � 10 5 A/cm 2 to 1.76 � 10 6 A/cm 2 , and frequency from 100kHz to 4MHz. During the experiment, hot spots are observed at current crowding corners and the skin layer of solder joints. As a result, highly localized current density and joule heating exist. The combined effect of electron wind force and thermal gradient drives mass to diffuse toward the center of solder joints. Resistance change due to temperature change and current crowding was carefully recorded. Ten percent resistance change after thermal steady state was defined as failure. Scanning electron microscopic images show void formation in current crowding corners and in the skin layer of solder joints. Damage of solder joints under alternating current stressing is observed a combined process of both electromigration and thermomigration, and to be proportional to the loading frequency and current density. Owing to the reversed electron wind force, material healing is observed in most of our test vehicles. A statistical mean time to failure equation is proposed for lead-free solder joints under alternating current stressing.
Measuring Community Resilience and Recovery: A Content Analysis of Indicators

Disaster resilience and recovery have been studied from a variety of perspectives including sociology, policy implementation, decision-making, engineering, geography and urban planning. For this reason, there is a wide range of definitions of resilience and recovery, and determining appropriate indicators of recovery and resilience is a challenge for both researchers and practitioners. We begin this paper with a discussion of the varying definitions of recovery, vulnerability and resilience and how they have been utilized in each field. In order to assess what indicators can be used to measure both resilience and recovery, we performed an indepth content analysis on definitions and indicators from existing literature. We analyzed articles from 2000 to 2010 in four disaster-focused journals that include perspectives of engineers, social scientists, practitioners and economists. Articles were selected by a keyword search and analyzed for resilience and recovery indicators using an emergent coding scheme. We classified the indicators of community resilience into infrastructure, social, economic and institutional categories. Recovery indicators were categorized as social, economic, environmental and infrastructure. Researchers can use these results for future studies of causal factors and recovery indicators. Similarly, practitioners will be able to have a condensed opinion of experts in the field of disaster recovery and planning.
Chronic undernutrition accentuates insulin deficiency in rats with mild streptozocin-induced diabetes.

The effect of chronic undernutrition on coexisting diabetes mellitus was studied in pair-fed littermate rats with mild streptozocin-induced diabetes. They were either fed adlibitum or 50% food restricted for 9 wk. Undernourished diabetic rats, in which weight gain was reduced by 40%, had significantly higher glucose intolerance (mean ± SE, fractional rate of glucose disappearance during glucose tolerance test [ K gtt] 1.77 ± 0.16) than diabetic littermates fed ad libitum(2.33 ± 0.21, P < 0.05) or nondiabetic controls (3.8 ± 0.7, P < 0.01). The total area under the insulin response curve was significantly reduced in both groups of diabetic rats, but the undernourished group showed a 45% greater reduction in overall secretion than normally nourished diabetic littermates (21.3 ± 2.7 vs. 39.4 ± 6.3 nM · min in the diabetic group, P < 0.01, and 65.7 ± 6.1 nM · min in controls). There was also a marked reduction in first-phase insulin secretion in the undernourished rats (4.75 ± 0.24 vs. 9.84 ± 1.36 nM, P < 0.05, and 14.3 ± 1.8 nM, P < 0.01, respectively, in normally nourished diabetic littermates and controls). After refeeding, a significant improvement occurred in K gtt (to 2.67 ± 0.24, P < 0.01) and first-phase insulin secretion (to 9.69 ± 1.65 nM, P < 0.05). The postrefeeding values were not different from those in the normally nourished diabetic littermates, indicating that the effect wasfully reversible and solely attributable to undernutrition rather than to enhanced β-cell cytotoxicity from streptozocin. It is concluded that chronic malnutrition accentuates β-cell dysfunction in rats with mild streptozocin-induced diabetes, indicating that its effects can amplify the deficits induced by another diabetogenic influence. This may be important in elderly diabetic individuals who are often undernourished. It may also contribute to the insulinopenia observed in malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus.
Coordinate transformations and logical operations for minimizing conservativeness in coupled stability criteria

Often it is desirable to guarantee that a manipulator will remain stable when contacting any member of some set of environments. Coupled stability criteria based on passivity may be used to provide such a guarantee, but may be arbitrarily conservative depending on the environment set. In this paper, two techniques for reducing conservativeness are introduced. The first is based on a canonical coordinate transformation which enables an environment set viewed in the frequency domain to be conformally mapped to the interior of the unit circle. A stability criterion is then derived via the small gain theorem. The second technique uses logical combinations of such criteria to reduce conservativeness further. Both techniques are illustrated with nontrivial examples
New Data on Vergence of the Late Archean Great Lakes Tectonic Zone

The Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) is a Late Archean crustal boundary (paleosuture) at least 1,000 km long that juxtaposes a Late Archean greenstone-granite terraine (Wawa subprovince of Superior province) on the north and an Early-Late Archean gneiss terrane (Minnesota River Valley subpprovince) on the south. Recent geologic mapping in the Marquette, Michigan area (eastern part of figure 1) provides for the first time direct observation of the structure of the GLTZ along a strike length of 10 km. We suggest that the kinematics determined in the exposed GLTZ, which are consistent, are applicable to its entire length.
A labetalol metabolite with analytical characteristics resembling amphetamines

A metabolite of labetalol that is responsible for previous reports of false-positive assays for amphetamines by thin-layer chromatography and immunoassay has been identified. The compound, 3-amino-1-phenylbutane (APB), an oxidative metabolite of labetalol, was initially identified in a patient's urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and confirmed by analysis of the pure material. Gas chromatography showed a single major peak with relative retention time indistinguishable from that of methamphetamine, both underivatized and as the pentafluoropropionyl derivative. By classical thin-layer chromatography, APB migrated identically to methamphetamine but showed ninhydrin color development characteristic of amphetamine. APB was shown to cross-react approximately 2% with the Abbott TDx amphetamine/methamphetamine II kit, 10% with the Syva EMIT d.a.u. polyclonal amphetamine class kit, and 3% with the Syva EMIT d.a.u. monoclonal amphetamine kit. This degree of cross-reactivity is sufficient to cause false-positive immunoassays when cutoffs of 300 ng/mL are used.
Highly Sensitive Monolithic Silicon Photonic Crystal Fiber Tip Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature

Fiber optic sensors have applications in the measurement of a wide range of physical properties such as temperature, pressure, and refractive index. These sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference, made of high temperature dielectric materials and hence can be deployed in harsh environments where conventional electronics would fail. Photonic crystal (PC) fiber tip sensors are highly sensitive to changes in the refractive index and temperature while remaining compact and robust. In comparison to conventional fiber sensors such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) or long period fiber gratings (LPFG), they are attractive in several aspects. PC fiber tip sensors have better sensitivity to refractive index and temperature than FBG sensors and are have much smaller sensing volumes than FBGs and LPFGs. Their small size allows them to combine high sensitivity and structural robustness. The most attractive feature may be that PC fiber tip sensors also return a spectrally rich signal with independently shifting resonances that can be used to extract multiple physical properties of the measurand and distinguish between them. In this paper, we show that the PC fiber tip sensor is highly sensitive to the refractive index and temperature of the environment and that both parameters can be simultaneously determined using multiple wavelengths.
Management of an Apparent Life-Threatening Event: A Survey of Emergency Physicians Practice

Objective. The etiology of an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) has been attributed to a wide range of causes. Physicians rely on caregiver narratives, which are often unreliable given the distressing nature of the event, which in turn leads to variation in the evaluation and management. The objective of this study was to study this variation in the management of ALTE among emergency physicians in Michigan. Design and methods. The authors developed and conducted a survey that contained questions on the evaluation and management of 2 common ALTE scenarios. These surveys were then mailed to 1000 randomly selected emergency physicians from a comprehensive physician database. Results. A total of 25.5% responded. Majority of the respondents were trained in emergency medicine residency. Fourth-seven percent of the respondents work in suburban areas. Most respondents said that they would perform diagnostic laboratory workup on children presenting with ALTE although there is wide variation in the extent of t...
Ex situ evaluation of impacts of invasive mosquitofish on the imperiled Barrens topminnow

Central to the protection of native species is an understanding of impacts of actual or potential invasive species and also the mechanisms through which those impacts are mediated. The introduction and spread of western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, into spring systems of the Barrens Plateau region of middle Tennessee is a concern for native species such as the Barrens topminnow, Fundulus julisia. We investigated whether mosquitofish might act as predators on early life stages of topminnows as well as affect the physiological well being of adults through aggressive interactions. A short-term, 24-h laboratory study with mosquitofish and topminnows demonstrated the vulnerability of young topminnow life stages to large mosquitofish predation and aggression. Survival of topminnow young, <16 mm total length (TL), was 0% and was attributed to predation by mosquitofish. Survival of juveniles, 20–30 mm TL, was 25%; juveniles mostly succumbed (post 24-h) to injuries inflicted by large mosquitofish. Adult topminnow survival was 100% but adults faced injury risk, primarily during the initial stages of their interaction with large mosquitofish. A long-term, 60-day laboratory study with syntopic and allotopic populations of adult topminnows and mosquitofish failed to detect any negative impacts on topminnows due to coexistence. Survival, growth, and fecundity of adult topminnows syntopic with mosquitofish were not different from the allotopic population, although injury risk in the form of fin damage was greater syntopically. Thus, predation and aggression towards young topminnows may be the primary mechanisms by which western mosquitofish jeopardize the persistence of native Barrens topminnows in the wild. Our results reemphasize the danger to native aquatic biodiversity of unregulated introductions of Gambusia species.
Potassium hydrogen disilicate: A possible model compound for 17O NMR spectra of hydrous silicate glasses

Oxygen-17 magic angle spinning, non-spinning, 1 H-decoupled, 1 H- 17 O cross-polarization, and triple-quantum magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments were performed at two different magnetic fields on crystalline potassium hydrogen disilicate (KHSi2O5) and hydrous and anhydrous potassium tetrasilicate (K 2Si4O9), sanidine (KAlSi3O8), and haplogranite (KAlSi3O8-NaAlSi3O8-SiO2) glasses. Crystalline KHSi 2O5 has two bridging oxygen sites and one non-bridging oxygen site, and the NMR parameters for these two types of sites have been determined. The non-bridging oxygen (silanol) site is well-resolved and observed in a crystalline compound with an isotropic chemical shift ( δiso) of 60 ppm, a quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) of 3.5 MHz, and an asymmetry parameter (η ) of 0.35. Knowledge of the non-bridging-oxygen site parameters allows for comparisons to glassy or other materials that might have silanol-type structures. A similar peak can be found in the hydrous potassium silicate spectrum but not in the hydrous potassium aluminosilicate glass spectrum.
Mammographic density and epithelial histopathologic markers

Background: We explored the association of mammographic density, a breast cancer risk factor, with hormonal and proliferation markers in benign tissue from tumor blocks of pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer cases. Methods: Breast cancer cases were recruited from a case-control study on breast density. Mammographic density was assessed on digitized prediagnostic mammograms using a computerassisted method. For 279 participants of the original study, we obtained tumor blocks and prepared tissue microarrays (TMA), but benign tissue cores were only available for 159 women. The TMAs were immunostained for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, Ki-67, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). We applied general linear models to compute breast density according to marker expression. Results: A substantial proportion of the samples were in the low or no staining categories. None of the results was statistically significant, but women with PR and ERβ staining had 3.4% and 2.4% higher percent density. The respective values for Caucasians were 5.7% and 11.6% but less in Japanese women (3.5% and -1.1%). Percent density was 3.4% higher in women with any Ki-67 staining and 2.2% in those with positive PCNA staining. Conclusion: This study detected little evidence for an association between mammographic density and expression of steroid receptors and proliferation markers in breast tissue, but it illustrated the problems of locating tumor blocks and benign breast tissue samples for epidemiologic research. Given the suggestive findings, future studies examining estrogen effects in tissue, cell proliferation, and density in the breast may be informative.
The Lobster Conferences: Origin, Development, and Impact

Abstract The International Conference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management (ICWL) has been convened about every third year for the past 30 years. The first was a small workshop with 37 participants from the USA and Australia. More recently, meetings have attracted about 200 participants. Although the focus of the meetings is broadly “biology,” the emphasis of each reflects both current hot topics and the major interests of the region where the meeting is being held. Recruitment issues dominated the first few, while mariculture and population assessments have been emphasized in the recent meetings. The impact of the meetings goes beyond communication of recent results. More than 300 peer-reviewed papers have been published in proceedings of the 7 meetings. A book resulting from the first meeting and proceedings from the second each have been cited more than 1000 times. Recommendations from workshops at the meetings frequently are followed, and collaborations appear to have sprung up. The ICWL cle...
Diversity As Technology: A New Perspective

The business case for diversity is really a technological one. Like the Hubble telescope uses multiple lenses to acquire an understanding of the universe that no one lens can achieve alone, the business case suggests that diversity (however defined) provides multiple perspectives that help organizations better understand an increasingly complex and heterogeneous marketplace. If the prevailing argument for diversity is indeed technology-driven, the present paper suggests that looking at diversity through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) might provide insights that could improve both the acceptance of diversity in the organization and its impact on organizational performance.
Forfeiture by Wrongdoing and Those Who Acquiesce in Witness Intimidation: A Reach Exceeding its Grasp and Other Problems with Federal Rule of Evidence 804(B)(6)

This article is the first comprehensive and critical analysis of the new exception to the hearsay rule that permits prosecutors to admit hearsay statements of absent witnesses when the defendant causes their unavailability at trial. The article develops the problems with the rule's overbroad language, its potential to admit unreliable hearsay and its relationship to the Confrontation Clause. These issues are of increasing interest to lawyers, judges and justices now that it is a federal rule and been adopted by ten states. The first section is a comprehensive statement of the rule as now applied. The exception is traced from English and early American cases to its first modern use in 1976 and then the adoption in the federal rules in 1997. The elements of the exception and the procedures used in admitting the hearsay statements are developed and supported by citations to all the major federal and state cases. The core of the article is a topic that has not been explored in the cases or law reviews: the rule's language that reaches beyond those who assault witnesses to those who "acquiesce" in it. My analysis is that "acquiesced" is an unworkable test and does not separate those responsible for the witness' absence from those who only know about it. A second them is the introduction of unreliable hearsay under the rule because declarants are often the defendant's accomplices. The Supreme Court found similar hearsay unreliable in Lilly v. Virginia, 527 U. S. 116 (1999). The breadth of the rule and the risk of unreliable hearsay creates Confrontation Clause problems. Most courts find that the 6th Amendment right forfeited by the misconduct but I maintain that the right remains in many cases and that the exception is not firmly rooted so special indicia of reliability must be shown before hearsay is admitted. I also explore its application to the government when it threatens a witness if he testifies for the defendant and its use in civil cases.
The Functional Approach to Effective Farm Labor Utilization

EFFECTIVE use of labor is generally taken to mean high productivity per worker. To obtain maximum output per unit of labor input, careful consideration of all resources entering into farm production-not just labor alone-is necessary. Therefore, how well labor is used depends upon: (1) the quality and amount of physical, economic, and human resources available and (2) decisions on farm organization and operation ranging from those pertaining to enterprise combination and size of business to equipment choices and work methods. This discussion, however, is limited to farm operations. It is assumed that for a given farm the land resource pattern is set and that decisions regarding general farm organization are made. We are thus limiting ourselves to the problem of how to perform the necessary work. Based upon our experience in work simplification research,1 it seems to us that the problem may profitably be approached in this manner: 1. Classify the work into the necessary functions which must be performed. For example, to produce livestock it is necessary to perform the functions of roughage and bedding handling, feed handling, provision of water, moving of animals, and manure removal. In the cases of roughage, grain, and bedding the performance of the function extends from harvest through storage and feeding. The functional classification is thus on the basis of complete processes rather than on an enterprise, job, or seasonal basis. 2. Develop detailed standards or input-output ratios (for labor, machines, equipment, and buildings) for different ways of performing each step in the process involved. These standards or ratios should be in physical quantities (as accomplishment per unit of man or machine time or minutes per ton or per acre), should carefully define the method and the working conditions, and should
On the enright functor in the highest weight category

LetG be a complex semisimple Lie group,B its Borel subgroup andX a flag variety ofG. We define a functor on the category ofB-equivariantD X-modules that corresponds, under the global section functor, to the Enright functor on the highest weight category. We use this to lift Enright functor to the mixed version of the highest weight category. As an application we obtain that the socle and the cosocle filtration of a primitive quotient of the enveloping algebra coincide.
Fostering African-American Improvement in Total Health (FAITH!): An Application of the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7™ among Midwestern African-Americans

African-Americans have a strikingly low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health metrics of the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7). This study was conducted to assess the impact of a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention intervention on the knowledge and achievement of cardiovascular health metrics among a marginalized African-American community. Adult congregants (n = 37, 70 % women) from three African-American churches in Rochester, MN, participated in the Fostering African-American Improvement in Total Health (FAITH!) program, a theory-based, culturally-tailored, 16-week education series incorporating the American Heart Association’s LS7 framework. Feasibility testing included assessments of participant recruitment, program attendance, and retention. We classified participants according to definitions of ideal, intermediate, and poor cardiovascular health based on cardiac risk factors and health behaviors and calculated an LS7 score (range 0 to 14) at baseline and post-intervention. Knowledge of cardiac risk factors was assessed by questionnaire. Main outcome measures were changes in cardiovascular health knowledge and cardiovascular health components related to LS7 from baseline to post-intervention. Psychosocial measures included socioeconomic status, outlook on life, self-reported health, self-efficacy, and family support. Thirty-six out of 37 recruited participants completed the entire program including health assessments. Participants attended 63.5 % of the education series and attendance at each session was, on average, 62 % of those enrolled. There was a statistically significant improvement in cardiovascular health knowledge (p < 0.02). A higher percentage of participants meeting either ideal or intermediate LS7 score categories and a lower percentage within the poor category were observed. Higher LS7 scores correlated with higher psychosocial measures ratings. Although small, our study suggests that the FAITH! program is a feasible, community intervention promoting ideal cardiovascular health that has the potential to improve cardiovascular health literacy and LS7 among African-Americans.
Minimum deterrence, maximum stability

Continuing the Bulletin's series of perspectives on deterrence, this author proposes gradual disarmament to a minimum deterrent, followed by bilateral deployment of ABM systems and abolition of offensive weapons.