cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Quantum Mechanical Approach: Intimate Details of Electron Transfer between Type-I CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots and an Anthraquinone Molecule

We report a hybrid computational approach to calculate electron transfer between a type-I CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dot (QD) with a varying shell thickness and the functionalized anthraquinone (AQ) molecule. This novel approach combines the traditional electron/hole confinement theory in the effective mass approximation for the QD and molecular orbital theory for the AQ molecule. In the present study, the QD’s electron and hole envelope wave functions are solutions of the effective-mass Schrodinger equation, and the AQ wave function is obtained at the density functional level. Electron-transfer rate calculations are based on Marcus’s theory with the coupling strength computed according to an one-electron orbital perturbation model. We show that in a heptane solution, the LUMO of AQ and the 1Se electron orbital of QD are involved in the charge separation (CS) process. The charge recombination (CR) process, on the other hand, occurs from the singly occupied molecular orbital of the AQ radical (which corre...
The Necessity of Time Travel (On Pain of Indeterminacy)

It is now indeterminate whether Tim will travel to Nepal, say. But it will not always be so: sooner or later, he'll either go or die never having been. One natural question about the open future concerns the extent (and grounds) of its "openness". Tim's traveling to Nepal is a future contingent for obvious reasons: among them, the fact that travel to Nepal is possible. Suppose (as many philosophers do) that time travel is also possible. Suppose too that Tim has the means close at hand. Shall we class Tim's travel to the past along side his travel to Nepal as a future contingent? Prospects look uncertain. For if Tim travels to 1921, there is a straightforward sense in which he has already been "even before he goes" (from the perspective of "external time"). What about the period in Tim's personal time prior to his travels? If Tim has already gone to the past, then it seems?contra the open future hypothesis?that Tim cannot avoid traveling into the past. His future, in this respect, is determined. I want to suggest that the possibility of time travel in the context of a growing block account of time yields a dilemma: Either Tim's future is deter mined in an odd way or cases of (temporary) ontic indeterminate identity are pos sible. Determinacy in the past implies a degree of determinism in the future; indeterminism about the future seeps back to the past.
Diaphragmatic stimulation caused by cardiac resynchronization treatment

A 69-year-old man with a history of severe nonischemic cardiomyopathy managed with a cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator presented to the outpatient clinic with uncomfortable pulsation over the left upper-abdominal area when lying on his left side. He was hemodynamically stable. When he was
Hematology: The Effect of Acute Exercise on In Vivo Platelet Release of Beta-Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Women

Physical exercise has been documented to result in alterations in many hemostatic parameters, including platelet size, number, and function. Most published research data support the hypotheses that both hemostasis and fibrinolysis become activated as a consequence of various levels of physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 20 minutes of aerobic exercise on platelet activation in vivo by measurement of postexercise levels of two platelet-specific proteins, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin. The mean plasma levels of both proteins were significantly greater in the exercising subjects when compared with the nonexercising controls. However, much overlap occurred between protein levels in controls and exercising subjects.
Polycystic ovarian disease as a neuroendocrine disorder of the female reproductive axis

Recent evidence suggests that there may be several different etiologic mechanisms that ultimately present as hyperandrogenic amenorrhea, which is commonly known as polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). A large subset of patients with this disorder also presents with evidence of a neuroendocrine abnormality in the form of altered gonadotropin dynamics. Studies of hypothalamic and pituitary function are reviewed in this article, with discussion of evidence for a primary versus secondary origin of the neuroendocrine abnormalities.
Exergy analysis of thermal energy storage options with nuclear power plants

Storing excess thermal energy in a storage media, that can later be extracted during peak-load times is one of the better economic options for nuclear power in future. Thermal energy storage integration with light-water cooled and advanced nuclear power plants is analyzed to assess technical feasibility of different options. Various choices of storage media considered in this study include molten salts, synthetic heat transfer fluids, and packed beds of solid rocks or ceramics. Due to limitations of complex process conditions and safety requirements there are only few combinations which have potential integration possibilities. In-depth quantitative assessment of these integration possibilities are then analyzed using exergy analysis and energy density models. The exergy efficiency of thermal energy storage systems is quantified based on second law thermodynamics. This study identifies, examines, and compares different energy storage options for integration with modular NPPs, with the calculated values of energy density and exergy efficiency. The thermal energy storage options such as synthetic heat transfer fluids perform well for light-water cooled NPPs, whereas liquid storage salt show better performance with advanced NPPs as compared to other options.
Communication: Vibrational sum-frequency spectrum of the air-water interface, revisited

Before 2015, heterodyne-detected sum-frequency-generation experiments on the air-water interface showed the presence of a positive feature at low frequency in the imaginary part of the susceptibility. However, three very recent experiments indicate that this positive feature is in fact absent. Armed with a better understanding, developed by others, of how to calculate sum-frequency spectra, we recalculate the spectrum and find good agreement with these new experiments. In addition, we provide a revised interpretation of the spectrum.
Introduction to Law in Literature and Philosophy

As the title indicates, this is an Introductory Memorandum for a course entitled: Law In Literature and Philosophy. The memorandum begins to explore the themes of the course more particularly it explores the relationships between and among law, literature, and philosophy by posing questions such as: Is the intersection of law and literature limited to stories about law and methods of interpretation? Or is law and literature a movement to reclaim law as part of the humanities rather than as a social science such as economics as Judge Posner questions? Or, does literature, as Professor Martha Nussbaum has written, help us refine our capacities for critical examination of our tradition, seeing ourselves as global citizens, and developing a narrative imagination? What is the relationship of philosophy and literature? Are both truth-seeking and truth-revealing as philosopher-novelist Iris Murdoch has argued? Law in Literature and Philosophy engages us in the imaginative power of the art of words. We approach this course as a “Great Books” course in the Western Tradition and invite your participation in the Great Conversation of that Tradition.
Health Systems: United States, Health System of the

This article is an updated version of the previous article by William C. Cockerham, Brian P. Hinote, volume 6, pp. 434–440, © 2008, Elsevier Inc.
Presence, Kinesic Description, and Literary Reading

In light of the oft-cited critique of a ‘mimetic bias’ in narrative theory, and especially in cognitive narratology, I propose that insights from embodied (or ‘second-generation’) cognitive science, particularly those dealing with kinesic and proprioceptive intelligence – that is, experience-derived knowledge of how movement and body position affect perception – can help shed light on a range of ‘weak’ narratives (McHale 2001). Taking as a case study two short pieces by the contemporary American author Lydia Davis, I extend arguments made by Abbott (2013) and Pettersson (2012) regarding hermeneutical and experiential modes of thinking about reading. The presence-based mode of reading I outline here embraces the inherently embodied, multisensory aspects of both multimodal (The Cows) and ostensibly monomodal (or text-only) narratives (‘Oral History [With Hiccups]’). In what follows, I discuss the possibility of kinesic and proprioceptive description – sentences that describe and subsequently tap into innate...
Phase Transitions in Antiferromagnets in External Magnetic Fields: Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Known antiferromagnetic materials far out number known ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. Moreover, the antiferromagnets display a wide variety of phase transitions in addition to the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at the Neel point, that make them a rich source of information about the relationship between exchange interactions, structure, and phase transition phenomena. Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used extensively over the last decade to study antiferromagnets, capitalizing on the fact that the magnetic hyperfine field is proportional to the sublattice magnetization. In general, these studies have concentrated on determining the magnetic structure below TN and the sublattice magnetization as a function of T below TN, in some cases in the critical region. Less well studied are those transitions in antiferromagnets which are induced by external magnetic fields, although in these cases too, Mossbauer spectroscopy can provide important and often unique information.
On the elastic stability of thick columns

Stability of a rectangular strip of isotropic highly elastic incompressible material is analyzed using the theory ofGreen, Rivlin andShield. The strip is subject to a uniaxial compression in planes of plane strain. Both the asymmetric and symmetric forms of buckling are studied and the results found in full agreement with the corresponding results obtained from the theory ofBiot.
Pretreatments to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of Chlorella protothecoides algal biomass

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and nutrients from microalgae biomass, but the process is limited by the resistance of the thick algal cell wall to biodegradation. This study investigated the effect of sonication, thermal, and alkaline pretreatments to improve methane (CH4) production and nitrogen release during AD of Chlorella protothecoides algal biomass. C. protothecoides is a promising feedstock for biofuel production because it can accumulate high lipid levels. Sonication experiments at 20 kHz indicated that increasing power level enhanced organic matter solubilization, CH4 production, and nitrogen released during AD of the pretreated biomass. Sonication under optimized conditions provided a marked increase in the CH4 yield compared with the untreated algae following AD for 41 days (327 and 146 mLSTP CH4 per gram volatile solids, respectively). Sonication also led to 4.1-fold increase in ammonia N release. In contrast, thermal and alkaline pretreatment showed limited potential to improve CH4 production and N release. The results indicated that AD of sonicated C. protothecoides biomass is a promising approach to generate CH4 gas, a valuable fuel material, and release nutrients that can be recycled to meet the high fertilizer demand of algal cultivation systems. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2017
Pharmacokinetic Studies in Man

When I was invited to present this lecture, I went through my listing of over 300 articles and found that 62 of those articles were involved with original research papers involving human studies on 40 different drugs. I chose 21 of the 62 articles to present today. Before I discuss individual human studies, I wish to provide some background information.
Heavy Metal Tolerance in Two Algerian Saltbushes: A Review on Plant Responses to Cadmium and Role of Calcium in Its Mitigation

Heavy metal pollution is a common environmental constraint to human health. The physicochemical decontamination constitutes a high costly procedure and not practicable in extensive polluted soils. Therefore, selecting plants naturally tolerant to heavy metals is an alternative approach for a sustainable phytoremediation. The aptitude of species to tolerate heavy metals is determined by several biochemical trails that protect photosynthetic apparatus and maintain growth and chemical elements homeostasis. Cadmium (Cd) is a high toxic environmental pollutant and can interfere with various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and mineral uptake and some enzymatic activities that are crucial for plant growth. Atriplex halimus L. and A. nummularia L. (Amaranthaceae) are two widespread saltbushes used for desalination and rehabilitation of Algerian saline lands. These shrubs have a high biomass production, extensive root system, low nutrient requirements, and easy propagation, among other benefits. Calcium (Ca) supplementation was largely used to improve heavy metal tolerance of plant species. Ca is an indispensable element for plant growth, membrane integrity, osmotic adjustment, and signaling transduction. Exogenous application of this element can play a significant role to enhance plant tolerance against Cd toxicity. This chapter reviews the tolerance of A. halimus and A. nummularia saltbushes to Cd stress and the impact of this heavy metal on physiological and biochemical traits. In addition the beneficial role of Ca supplementation to alleviating Cd toxicity in these species was discussed.
Trends in Weight Loss Efforts Among US Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity.

This study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess trends in weight loss efforts among US adolescents aged 16 to 19 years with overweight and obesity.
The Microscope in a Computer: Image Synthesis from Three-Dimensional Full-Vector Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations at the Nanometer Scale

Abstract We present a comprehensive review and tutorial on emerging numerical electromagnetic simulations of optical imaging systems based upon three-dimensional full-vector solutions of Maxwell’s equations. These techniques permit simulation of image formation via every current form of optical microscopy (bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast, etc.), as well as optical metrology and photolithography. Focusing, variation of the numerical aperture, and so forth can be adjusted simply by varying a few input parameters—literally a “microscope in a computer.” This permits a rigorous simulation of both existing and proposed novel optical imaging techniques over a 107:1 dynamic range of distance scales, i.e., from a few nanometers (the voxel size within the microstructure of interest over which Maxwell’s equations are enforced) to a few centimeters (the location of the image plane where the amplitude and phase spectra of individual pixels are calculated). We provide a unified account of the theoretical principles involved; review contributions to this area from several areas in physics, optical sciences and electrical engineering; and discuss the potential impact of the “microscope in a computer” upon contemporary areas of interest in nanotechnology and biophotonics.
Consequences of Refusing Surgery for Esophageal Cancer: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Background Given the potential morbidity of esophagectomy, patients may pursue other treatments. We sought to determine predictors and outcomes of esophageal cancer patients who refused esophagectomy. Methods The National Cancer Database (2004 to 2014) was queried for locally advanced esophageal cancer patients. A unique field allows identification of patients recommended to have surgery but who refused. Comparisons between the entire cohort and between propensity matched groups were performed using analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of refusing surgery. Results We identified 18,459 patients with esophageal cancer meeting criteria, including 708 (3.8) who were recommended but refused surgery. By multivariate analysis, elderly, female, nonwhite race, squamous histology, early year of diagnosis, absence of insurance, treatment at nonacademic centers, lower income, and clinical stage I/II predicted refusal of surgery. Median survival was worse for patients who refused surgery compared with patients undergoing surgery. Among propensity matched groups (n = 525 each), median survival was better for patients undergoing surgery versus patients who refused (32 versus 21 months, p Conclusions Although patients may be reluctant to undergo esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, refusal of surgery when offered comes at the expense of decreased survival. These data allow for a discussion of alternative outcomes with those patients in the context of shared decision making.
Auxin and Cell Wall Crosstalk as Revealed by the Arabidopsis thaliana Cellulose Synthase Mutant Radially Swollen 1.

Plant cells sheath themselves in a complex lattice of polysaccharides, proteins and enzymes forming an integral matrix known as the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils, the primary component of cell walls, are synthesized at the plasma membrane by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins throughout cellular growth and are responsible for turgor-driven anisotropic expansion. Associations between hormone signaling and cell wall biosynthesis have long been suggested, but recently direct links have been found revealing hormones play key regulatory roles in cellulose biosynthesis. The radially swollen 1 (rsw1) allele of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA1 harbors a single amino acid change that renders the protein unstable at high temperatures. We used the conditional nature of rsw1 to investigate how auxin contributes to isotropic growth. We found that exogenous auxin treatment reduces isotropic swelling in rsw1 roots at the restrictive temperature of 30i?½C. We also discovered decreases in auxin influx between rsw1 and wild-type roots via confocal imaging of AUX1-YFP, even at the permissive temperature of 19i?½C. Moreover, rsw1 displayed mis-expression of auxin-responsive and CESA genes. Additionally, we found altered auxin maxima in rsw1 mutant roots at the onset of swelling using DII-VENUS and DR5:vYFP auxin reporters. Overall, we conclude disrupted cell wall biosynthesis perturbs auxin transport leading to altered auxin homeostasis impacting both anisotropic and isotropic growth that affects overall root morphology.
User recommendations for intelligent personal assistants

Adoption of intelligent personal assistants (IPA) is on the rise. Published studies on IPAs often focus on the analysis and critique of existing IPA features without understanding specific user nee...
Could dental school teaching clinics provide better care than regular private practices

Dental school clinics (DSC) consist of unlicensed dental students delivering care under the supervision of licensed dental professionals. Care delivery is slow due to inexperience of the provider and the series of supervisory checks that are necessary. Cost of care to the patient is less. To date, there has been no evaluation of the benefits of receiving care in a DSC beyond reduced fees. Research has shown the value of teaching hospitals in medicine, and the purpose of this article was to evaluate the total sum of benefits (the value proposition) of receiving dental care in a DSC.
Simultaneous profiling of 3D genome structure and DNA methylation in single human cells

Dynamic three-dimensional chromatin conformation is a critical mechanism for gene regulation during development and disease. Despite this, profiling of three-dimensional genome structure from complex tissues with cell-type specific resolution remains challenging. Recent efforts have demonstrated that cell-type specific epigenomic features can be resolved in complex tissues using single-cell assays. However, it remains unclear whether single-cell chromatin conformation capture (3C) or Hi-C profiles can effectively identify cell types and reconstruct cell-type specific chromatin conformation maps. To address these challenges, we have developed single-nucleus methyl-3C sequencing to capture chromatin organization and DNA methylation information and robustly separate heterogeneous cell types. Applying this method to >4,200 single human brain prefrontal cortex cells, we reconstruct cell-type specific chromatin conformation maps from 14 cortical cell types. These datasets reveal the genome-wide association between cell-type specific chromatin conformation and differential DNA methylation, suggesting pervasive interactions between epigenetic processes regulating gene expression.
Turn Design as Longitudinal Achievement: Learning on the Shop Floor

This chapter examines the development of interactional competence by a novice hotel staff member during interactions with guests in which she used English as a second language. Specifically, conversation analysis of longitudinal data focuses on the novice’s changes in turn design in assessments, topic initiations, and topic pursuits. The analysis suggests that over time, she diversified the linguistic resources to achieve assessments, with some of these resources appearing to have been recruited from the guests’ assessment turns in early interactions. She also modified the formats of topic-initiation and topic-pursuit turns after earlier formulations became the trouble source in repair sequences. By examining a novice’s changes in turn design practices, this study identifies the trajectories and impetuses of language learning in the wild. As such, the findings reveal a developmental dimension to the shop floor problem (Garfinkel, Ethnomethodology’s programs: working out Durkheim’s aphorism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, New York, 2002).
The knowledge and expectations about IBD - difference between pediatric patients and their parents.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The aim of this prospective survey was to determine and compare the knowledge of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their parents about their disease. Furthermore, patients and parents were ask to provide the main source for disease related information and to give opinion for possible improvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective survey which included children with IBD with ≥ 12 years of age and their parents. Only ambulatory patients treated in tertiary medical center were included. RESULTS 38 child/parent pairs (79% mothers) were enrolled. Major differences between parents and children were in a) internet search where majority of parents (n = 28 ; 73.7%) and only 17 (44.7%) children gathered disease related information over the internet (p = 0.01) ; b) need for participation in patients' organization (97.4% parents comparing 55.3% children would like to participate ; p<0.001) and c) clinical practice with time reserved for child/adolescent to be with his/her physician alone (78.9% of parents encourage this practice comparing to 2.6% of children ; p <0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows significant difference between children/adolescents with IBD and their parents in several aspects that should be acknowledged before initiating changes into the clinical practice.
Variational Contact-Implicit Trajectory Optimization.

Contact constraints arise naturally in many robot planning problems. In recent years, a variety of contact-implicit trajectory optimization algorithms have been developed that avoid the pitfalls of mode pre-specification by simultaneously optimizing state, input, and contact force trajectories. However, their reliance on first-order integrators leads to a linear tradeoff between optimization problem size and plan accuracy. To address this limitation, we propose a new family of trajectory optimization algorithms that leverage ideas from discrete variational mechanics to derive higher-order generalizations of the classic time-stepping method of Stewart and Trinkle. By using these dynamics formulations as constraints in direct trajectory optimization algorithms, it is possible to perform contact-implicit trajectory optimization with significantly higher accuracy. For concreteness, we derive a second-order method and evaluate it using several simulated rigid body systems including an underactuated biped and a quadruped.
Visualizing Personal Rhythms: A Critical Visual Analysis of Mental Health in Flux

Visualizations of personal data in self-tracking systems can make even subtle shifts in mental and physical states observable, greatly influencing how health and wellness goals are set, pursued, and achieved. At the same time, recent work in data ethics cautions that standardized models can have unintended negative consequences for some user groups. Through collaborative design and critical visual analysis, this study contrasts conventional visualizations of personal data with the ways that vulnerable populations represent their lived experiences. Participants self-tracked to manage bipolar disorder, a mental illness characterized by severe and unpredictable mood changes. During design sessions, each created a series of timeline drawings depicting their experiences with mental health. Examples of adaptive and vernacular design, these images use both normative standards and individualized graphic modifications. Analysis shows that conventional visual encodings can support facets of self-assessment while also imposing problematic normative standards onto deeply personal experiences.
Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hip structural analysis in adolescents and young adults with obesity

Abstract Background Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric surgery, is associated with reductions in areal bone mineral density at multiple sites, and changes in bone structure at the distal radius and tibia without reductions in strength estimates at these peripheral sites. Data are lacking regarding effects on hip strength estimates. Objective To evaluate effects of SG on measures of hip structural analysis in adolescents and young adults over 12 months using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Settings Translational and Clinical Research Center. Methods We enrolled 48 youth 14- to 22-years old with moderate-to-severe obesity; 24 underwent SG and 24 controls were followed without surgery (18 females, 6 males in each group). Hip structure was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 12 months. Analyses are adjusted for age, sex, race, and the baseline bone measure. Results The SG group lost 25.9% weight versus .3% in controls. Compared with controls, SG had reductions in narrow neck, intertrochanteric and femoral shaft bone mineral density Z-scores (P ≤ .012). Furthermore, SG had greater reductions in narrow neck and intertrochanteric region (but not femoral shaft) cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus, and increases in buckling ratio (P ≤ .039). Differences were attenuated after adjusting for 12-month body mass index change. At 12 months, differences were minimal after adjusting for age, sex, race, and weight. Conclusions Over 12 months, SG had negative effects at the narrow neck and intertrochanteric regions of the hip, but not the femoral shaft. Reduced body mass index may compensate for these deleterious effects on bone.
Brain Death Evaluation in Children With Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Objectives To discuss the challenges of conducting a death by neurologic criteria or brain death evaluation in the coronavirus disease 2019 era and provide guidance to mitigate viral transmission risk and maintain patient safety during testing. Design Not applicable. Setting Not applicable. Patients Children with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 who suffer catastrophic brain injury due to one of numerous neurologic complications or from an unrelated process and require evaluation for death by neurologic criteria. Interventions Not applicable. Measurements and main results There is a risk to healthcare providers from aerosol generation during the neurologic examination and apnea test for determination of death by neurologic criteria. In this technical note, we provide guidance to mitigate transmission risk and maintain patient safety during each step of the death by neurologic criteria evaluation. Clinicians should put on appropriate personal protective equipment before performing the death by neurologic criteria evaluation. Risk of aerosol generation and viral transmission during the apnea test can be mitigated by using continuous positive airway pressure delivered via the ventilator as a means of apneic oxygenation. Physicians should assess the risk of transporting coronavirus disease 2019 patients to the nuclear medicine suite to perform a radionucleotide cerebral blood flow study, as disconnections to and from the ventilator for transport and inadvertent ventilator disconnections during transport can increase transmission risk. Conclusions When conducting the neurologic examination and apnea test required for death by neurologic criteria determination in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, appropriate modifications are needed to mitigate the risk of viral transmission and ensure patient safety.
Association of Infection Rate in Heart Transplant Recipients with Combined Tacrolimus and Sirolimus at High versus Low Concentration

Purpose Assess the impact of tacrolimus-sirolimus (TAC/SRL) concentration on infection rate in heart transplant recipients (HTR). Methods A retrospective review of HTR on TAC/SRL for > 1 year from 01/2006-08/2019 was conducted. Drug concentrations were defined as high (≥ 15 ng/mL) or low ( Results A total of 22 patients were included, 9 vs. 13 in the high and low TAC/SRL groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. HTR in the high TAC/SRL group had higher median infection rate per year of therapy compared to those in the low group (1.67 vs 0.75, p Conclusion Higher combined concentrations of TAC/SRL in HTR resulted in increased infections per year. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, it is difficult to conclude the association between high TAC/SRL level and rejection severity. Given the small sample size and retrospective design, additional studies are warranted to confirm infection rates and to prospectively assess the association of high combined TAC/SRL concentrations on allograft rejection.
Antithrombotic regimens and need for critical care interventions among patients with subdural hematomas.

Abstract Background Antithrombotic-associated subdural hematomas (SDHs) are increasingly common, and the possibility of clinical deterioration in otherwise stable antithrombotic-associated SDH patients may prompt unnecessary admissions to intensive care units. It is unknown whether all antithrombotic regimens are equally associated with the need for critical care interventions. We sought to compare the frequency of critical care interventions and poor functional outcomes among three cohorts of noncomatose SDH patients: patients on no antithrombotics, patients on anticoagulants, and patients on antiplatelets alone. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study on all noncomatose SDH patients (Glasgow Coma Scale > 12) presenting to an academic health system in 2018. The three groups of patients were compared in terms of clinical course and functional outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of need for critical care interventions and poor functional outcome at hospital discharge. Results There were 281 eligible patients presenting with SDHs in 2018, with 126 (45%) patients on no antithrombotics, 106 (38%) patients on antiplatelet medications alone, and 49 (17%) patients on anticoagulants. Significant predictors of critical care interventions were coagulopathy (OR 5.1, P Conclusion Isolated antiplatelet use is not a significant predictor of need for critical care interventions or poor functional outcome among SDH patients and should not be used as a criterion for triage to the intensive care unit.
Electron vortex beams in nonuniform magnetic fields

We consider the quantum theory of paraxial nonrelativistic electron beams in nonuniform magnetic fields, such as the Glaser field. We find the wave function of an electron from such a beam and show that it is a joint eigenstate of two ($z$-dependent) commuting gauge-independent operators. This generalized Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beam has a phase that is shown to consist of two parts, each being proportional to the eigenvalue of one of the two conserved operators and each having different symmetries. We also describe the dynamics of the angular momentum and cross-sectional area of any mode and how a varying magnetic field can split a mode into a superposition of modes. By a suitable change in the frame of reference, all of our analysis also applies to an electron in a quantum Hall system with a time-dependent magnetic field.
Inflammatory reactivity to the influenza vaccine is associated with changes in automatic social behavior.

Recent evidence suggests differential patterns of social behavior following an inflammatory challenge, such that increases in inflammation may not uniformly lead to social withdrawal. Indeed, increases in inflammation have been associated with enhanced self-reported motivation to approach a specific close other, and greater neural sensitivity to positive social cues. However, no known studies have examined the association between inflammation in response to an inflammatory challenge and social behavior in humans, nor has past research examined specifically how approach and withdrawal behavior may differ based on whether the target is a close other or stranger. To address this, 31 participants (ages 18-24) received the influenza vaccine to elicit a low-grade inflammatory response. The morning before and approximately 24 h after the vaccine, participants provided a blood sample and completed a computer task assessing automatic (implicit) approach and withdrawal behavior toward a social support figure and strangers. Greater increases in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to the vaccine were associated with an increase in accuracy in avoiding strangers and a decrease in accuracy in approaching them. Increases in IL-6 were also associated with a decrease in reaction time to approach a support figure, but only when controlling for baseline IL-6 levels. There were no associations between change in IL-6 and changes in self-reported motivation to engage in social behavior with either close others, or strangers. Together, these findings reveal that increases in inflammation following the influenza vaccine are associated with automatic social behavior, especially behavior suggesting avoidance of unfamiliar social targets and ease in approaching a support figure. These data add to the growing literature suggesting that the association between inflammation and social behavior includes both social withdrawal and social approach, depending on the specific target.
Jointly Learning from Decentralized (Federated) and Centralized Data to Mitigate Distribution Shift

With privacy as a motivation, Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly used paradigm where learning takes place collectively on edge devices, each with a cache of user-generated training examples that remain resident on the local device. These on-device training examples are gathered in situ during the course of users' interactions with their devices, and thus are highly reflective of at least part of the inference data distribution. Yet a distribution shift may still exist; the on-device training examples may lack for some data inputs expected to be encountered at inference time. This paper proposes a way to mitigate this shift: selective usage of datacenter data, mixed in with FL. By mixing decentralized (federated) and centralized (datacenter) data, we can form an effective training data distribution that better matches the inference data distribution, resulting in more useful models while still meeting the private training data access constraints imposed by FL.
Continuous Filtering Problem for Itô-Mcshane Stochastic Differential Equation

In this paper we present a continuous filtering problem for Ito-McShane stochastic differential equation. The concept of Ito-McShane integral has been introduced by the second mentioned author in [3], The basic motivation for this concept is to present a sort of an unified theory of Stochastic integration [2], [3].
Flowering, fecundity, seed germination, and seed viability of Viburnum opulus L. cultivars.

Abstract Mature specimens of Viburnum opulus and cultivars ‘Leonard's Dwarf’ and ‘Roseum’ were assessed over 2 years for flower and seed production, seed germination, and seed viability as determin...
Random-coefficients hidden-Markov Poisson regression models for inferring a competitor's promotion strategy: Research Articles

In this paper we consider the case of a drug manufacturer who has physician-level information on the prescription volume for its own brand and its competitor, has complete physician-level data on its own free-sampling plan, but has only sparse data on the competitor's promotion strategy. We investigate whether one is able to predict the competitor's promotion strategy from such limited data. We treat the competitor's promotion as a latent (unobservable) event, and propose a hidden Markov model (HMM) to describe its progression over time. Analysis of actual and simulated data shows that the HMM improves our ability to infer the missing promotion event if promotions are serially correlated. A simpler model assuming that the probability of transition from one sampling state to the other is independent of the current state is adequate if the serial correlation among promotions is weak. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the bulk current injection technique by comparison to induced currents from radiated electromagnetic fields

Since the late 80s bulk current injection (BCI) techniques have gained wide acceptance in aerospace, commercial and military electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing. The BCI techniques provide a low cost and technically superior result to radiated techniques at low frequencies. There has always been conflict between adherents to radiated techniques and the newer BCI techniques. This investigation focuses on the degree to which BCI techniques accurately simulate the radiated mechanism of field-to-wire coupling.
Myocardial ischemia after maximal exercise in healthy men: One year follow-up of physically active and inactive men

Abstract 1. 1. Retesting 212 middle-aged YMCA members one year after their initial performance of the maximal exercise capacity test demonstrated excellent reproducibility of asymptomatic electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia in 19 of 20 men. 2. 2. Sensitivity of the maximal exercise capacity test for detecting potential coronary heart disease remained high; in addition there was a one year incidence of 5.7 per cent electrocardiographic abnormalities. 3. 3. Comparison of the active and inactive men by individual clinical, epidemiologic, and electrocardiographic characteristics offered no clues to important differences between the groups. Nevertheless, the mean durations of the maximal exercise capacity tests did separate the groups. 4. 4. After two examinations one year apart, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of electrocardiographic segmental S-T depression between 106 “active” men and 106 “inactive” men. 5. 5. Safety of the maximal exercise capacity test is assured, provided adequate clinical evaluation precedes the test and adequate professional monitoring is continued during and after the test. In 2,200 tests to date no severe adverse reactions have occurred. 6. 6. Exercise testing of apparently normal men, and even those with suspected heart disease, should not be arbitrarily limited to a preset maximal heart rate. 7. 7. After two years' observation no one (among 166 men at risk) with a normal electrocardiographic response to maximal exercise has manifested overt coronary heart disease. Among 24 men in the population with clinically evident heart disease at the start of the study, 3, all with abnormal exercise electrocardiograms, have had clinical progression of their disease, and 1 has died. To date no one with potential coronary heart disease has progressed to overt disease. 8. 8. The use of one additional electrocardiographic lead did not increase appreciably the yield of abnormal tracings in this series.
A new approach to temperate generalized functions

A new approach to the algebra G_{\tau} of temperate nonlinear generalized functions is proposed, in which G_{\tau} is based on the space O_{M} endowed with is natural topology in contrary to previous constructions. Thus, this construction fits perfectly in the general scheme of construction of Colombeau type algebras and reveals better properties of G_{\tau}. This is illustrated by the natural introduction of a regularity theory in G_{\tau}, of the Fourier transform, with the definition of G_{O_{C prime}}, the space of rapidly generalized distributions which is the Fourier image of G_{\tau}.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in 2012: The Year with New Guidelines and Common Data Elements

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of death of children in the developing world. In 2012, several international efforts were completed to aid clinicians and researchers in advancing the field of pediatric TBI. The second edition of the Guidelines for the Medical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants, Children and Adolescents updated those published in 2003. This article highlights the processes involved in developing the Guidelines, contrasts the new guidelines with the previous edition, and delineates new research efforts needed to advance knowledge. The impact of common data elements within these potential new research fields is reviewed.
Impact of Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Infestation Timing on Rice Yields and Quality

Sleeve and large field cage experiments were conducted in Stoneville, MS, in 2010 and 2011 to assess adult rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), injury in rice. ‘Cocodrie’ and ‘Wells’ were infested at bloom, milk, and soft dough stages of panicle development. Twenty rice panicles were infested individually in the sleeve cage experiment as replicates with 0, 1, or 2 O. pugnax in a split-plot, completely randomized design. The large cage experiment had four replications infested with 9 or 18 O. pugnax per square meter over multiple rice panicles in a split-plot, randomized complete block design per cultivar. Caged uninfested controls were included in each experiment. Rough rice yield and percentage of clean, damaged, and blank kernels were evaluated. In both experiments, stage of panicle development impacted grain yield and quality. Yield loss was greatest during the bloom stage, while kernel damage was greatest during the milk and soft dough stages. Rice yield decreased with increased infestation density. Kernel damage increased with increased infestation density. Blank kernels affect yield, while kernel damage affects grain quality. While grain yield is the bottom line, grain quality affects marketability, which directly affects yield profitability. Based on these results, this study considers O. pugnax injury significant in all three stages of panicle development and concludes that a more aggressive threshold is recommended from panicle emergence through soft dough. More research is needed to determine the specific threshold, but it appears to be lower than the current threshold of 5 per 10 sweeps.
Confirmation of large lattice relaxation of the DX center by extended photo-ionization cross-section measurements

Although the large lattice relaxation model (LLR) for electron capture at the donor relatedDX center in AlxGa1-xAs has seen wide acceptance over the last 12 years, there have been some recent proposals which have attempted to explain the experimental data with models that only require small lattice relaxation (SLR). One key piece of evidence supporting LLR is the large observed difference (in the case of Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs) between the optical (∼1.4 eV) and thermal (∼0.2 eV) ionization energies. The SLR model proposed that the lowest energy optical ionization was a very weak process, and that the optical transition which had been observed previously is a transition to a higher band. These arguments were supported by photoconductivity data showing a finite photo-ionization rate at energies as low as 200 meV. To resolve this question we have measured the photo-ionization cross section over 7 to 8 orders of magnitude using a tunable infrared laser as a source. A consistent optical ionization energy of about 1.4 eV was observed for 4 samples of differing alloy compositions and doping levels.In no case was there any detectable photo- ionization below 0.8 eV. A detailed discussion of these experiments examines the difficulty in obtaining such a large dynamic range optical spectrum. Of particular relevance are the issues of ionization detection, and the brightness of purity of the optical source. A thorough review of these issues and their impact on previous studies of theDX center is presented.
Detection of bolt loosening in C–C composite thermal protection panels: I. Diagnostic principle

A concept demonstrator of the structural health monitoring (SHM) system was developed to autonomously detect the degradation of the mechanical integrity of the standoff carbon–carbon (C–C) thermal protection system (TPS) panels. This system enables us to identify the location of the loosened bolts, as well as to predict the torque levels of those bolts accordingly. In the process of building the proposed SHM prototype, efforts have been focused primarily on developing a trustworthy diagnostic scheme and a responsive sensor suite. In part I of the study, an attenuation-based diagnostic method was proposed to assess the fastener integrity by observing the attenuation patterns of the resultant sensor signals. The attenuation-based method is based on the damping phenomena of ultrasonic waves across the bolted joints. The major advantage of the attenuation-based method over the conventional diagnostic methods is its local sensing capability of loosened brackets. The method can further discriminate the two major failure modes within a bracket: panel-joint loosening and bracket-joint loosening. The theoretical explanation of the attenuation-based method is performed using micro-contact theory and structural/internal damping principles, followed by parametric model studies and appropriate hypothesis testing.
Cortical potentials related to voluntary and passive finger movements recorded from subdural electrodes in humans

Movement-related potentials were recorded from subdural electrodes placed on the precentral and postcentral cortex in 3 patients undergoing operation for intractable epilepsy. With self-initiated index finger movement, a negative potential of 25 to 50 microvolts in amplitude, preceding onset of the electromyographic activity by 60 to 95 ms (or onset of movement by 150 to 230 ms), was recorded from the hand somatosensory postrolandic area in all 3 patients. A similar potential preceding the movement was recorded from the precentral hand motor area in one subject who was the only patient in whom the precentral electrodes were placed on the hand motor area. Following active and passive movements, a clearly defined positivity (18 to 32 ms after a photometer trigger) that reversed phase across the central fissure was recorded. The premovement potentials are most probably generated by pyramidal tract neurons and motor-function-related neurons located in the post- and prerolandic areas. The postmovement positivity is most probably due to short-latency kinesthetic reafferent activation of the posterior bank of the central fissure (equivalent to P2 of the somatosensory evoked potentials).