cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preference-formation and personal good

As persons, beings with a capacity for autonomy, we face a certain practical task in living out our lives. At any given period we find ourselves with many desires or preferences, yet we have limited resources, and so we cannot satisfy them all. Our limited resources include insufficient economic means, of course; few of us have either the funds or the material provisions to obtain or pursue all that we might like. More significantly, though, we are limited to a single life and one of finite duration. We also age, and pursuits that were possible at earlier points within a life may become impossible at later stages; we thus encounter not only an ultimate time limit but episodic limits as well. Because we must live our lives with limited resources—material and temporal—we are pressed to choose among and to order our preferences. Without some selection and ordering, few if any of them would be satisfied, and we would be unable to live lives that are recognizably good at all. Moreover, we would be unable to function well as the autonomous beings that we are. Our practical task then is to form a coherent, stable, and attractive ordering of aims—to develop a conception of our good.
Use of Postmortem Human Dura Mater and Scalp for Deriving Human Fibroblast Cultures

Fibroblasts can be collected from deceased individuals, grown in culture, reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and then differentiated into a multitude of cell types, including neurons. Past studies have generated iPSCs from somatic cell biopsies from either animal or human subjects. Previously, fibroblasts have only been successfully cultured from postmortem human skin in two studies. Here we present data on fibroblast cell cultures generated from 146 scalp and/or 53 dura mater samples from 146 postmortem human brain donors. In our overall sample, the odds of successful dural culture was almost two-fold compared with scalp (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: [1.01, 3.9], p = 0.047). Using a paired design within subjects for whom both tissues were available for culture (n = 53), the odds of success for culture in dura was 16-fold as compared to scalp (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: [2.1-120.6], p = 0.0007). Unattended death, tissue donation source, longer postmortem interval (PMI), and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with unsuccessful culture in scalp (all p<0.05), but not in dura. While scalp cells proliferated more and grew more rapidly than dura cells [F (1, 46) = 12.94, p<0.008], both tissues could be generated and maintained as fibroblast cell lines. Using a random sample of four cases, we found that both postmortem scalp and dura could be successfully reprogrammed into iPSC lines. Our study demonstrates that postmortem dura mater, and to a lesser extent, scalp, are viable sources of living fibroblasts for culture that can be used to generate iPSCs. These tissues may be accessible through existing brain tissue collections, which is critical for studying disorders such as neuropsychiatric diseases.
Reaction injection pultrusion of thermoplastic and thermoset composites

Conventional pultrusion of thermoset composites is under increasing examination for emissions of harmful volatiles from the resin wetout tank. Even though the pultrusion of thermoplastic matrix composites produces no emissions, it is difficult to wet individual fibers due to their high melt viscosities. This paper addresses both the issues of volatiles and wetting with a process called Reaction Injection Pultrusion (RIP). A prototype RIP machine was used to make both thermoplastic polyurethane and thermoset polyisocyanurate matrix composites. The RIP process produces pultruded parts with low void content, good surface finish, and acceptable mechanical properties. The low viscosity constituents used in RIP help improve fiber impregnation, while the small volume of the impregnation bath reduces emissions. Processing parameters such as line speeds, catalyst levels, and die temperatures were varied to establish processing guidelines for sustained production.
Elastic-mode algorithms for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints: global convergence and stationarity properties

The elastic-mode formulation of the problem of minimizing a nonlinear function subject to equilibrium constraints has appealing local properties in that, for a finite value of the penalty parameter, local solutions satisfying first- and second-order necessary optimality conditions for the original problem are also first- and second-order points of the elastic-mode formulation. Here we study global convergence properties of methods based on this formulation, which involve generating an (exact or inexact) first- or second-order point of the formulation, for nondecreasing values of the penalty parameter. Under certain regularity conditions on the active constraints, we establish finite or asymptotic convergence to points having a certain stationarity property (such as strong stationarity, M-stationarity, or C-stationarity). Numerical experience with these approaches is discussed. In particular, our analysis and the numerical evidence show that exact complementarity can be achieved finitely even when the elastic-mode formulation is solved inexactly.
On the time dependence of high-order intensity correlation functions

Abstract The time dependence of high-order intensity correlation functions is derived for thermal light, and a simple relation between the intensity correlation functions and cumulant averages is pointed.
A Direct, Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as a Quantitative Technique for Small Molecules

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a widely used technique with applications in disease diagnosis, detection of contaminated foods, and screening for drugs of abuse or environmental contaminants. However, published protocols with a focus on quantitative detection of small molecules designed for teaching laboratories are limited. A competitive, direct ELISA used to detect and quantify levels of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is described. Unique features of this lab include collecting data in quadruplicate followed by statistical analysis of replicates using a Q-test. Use of a microplate reader for measuring absorbances makes data collection extremely quick. Students plot their average absorbance versus log concentration digoxin and fit data to a third- or fourth-order polynomial. They also examine the maximum and minimum absorbance for the assay, determine the region of linearity, and then fit the linear region to a straight-line equation that can be used to determine the concentration of an unkn...
Effects of Training Auditory Sequential Memory and Attention On Reading

The study examines (a) the possibility of improving auditory sequential memory (ASM) through training and (b) the relationship between this training and reading ability. Ninety-two second- and third-grade students with ASM and reading deficits served as subjects. They were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 groups: a group receiving training in ASM (the ASM group), a group receiving attention training, a Cognitive Enrichment group, and a Standing Control group. Training for ASM resulted in improved ASM, especially for the second graders. Reading accuracy scores of the ASM group following the training period were higher than those of the other groups but not significantly higher than those of the Cognitive Enrichment group. Reading comprehension was not affected differentially by the treatments.
Influences of acute alcohol consumption, sexual precedence, and relationship motivation on women’s relationship and sex appraisals and unprotected sex intentions:

Guided by the cognitive mediation model of sexual decision making (Norris, Masters, & Zawacki, 2004. Cognitive mediation of women's sexual decision making: The influence of alcohol, contextual factors, and background variables. Annual Review of Sex Research, 15, 258-296), we examined female social drinkers' (N = 162) in-the-moment risky sexual decision making by testing how individual differences (relationship motivation) and situational factors (alcohol consumption and sexual precedence conditions) influenced cognitive appraisals and sexual outcomes in a hypothetical sexual scenario. In a path model, acute intoxication, sexual precedence, and relationship motivation interactively predicted primary relationship appraisals and independently predicted primary sex appraisals. Primary appraisals predicted secondary appraisals related to relationship and unprotected sex, which predicted unprotected sex intentions. Sexual precedence directly increased unprotected sex intentions. Findings support the cognitive mediation model and suggest that sexual risk reduction interventions should address alcohol, relationship, sexual, and cognitive factors.
Ashamed to be Selfish

We study a two-stage choice problem, where alternatives are allocations between the decision maker (DM) and a passive recipient. The recipient observes choice behavior in stage two, while stage one choice is unobserved. Choosing selfishly in stage two, in the face of a fairer available alternative, may inflict shame on DM. DM has preferences over sets of alternatives that represent period two choices. We axiomatize a representation that identifies DM's selfish ranking, her norm of fairness and shame. Altruism is the most prominent motive that can explain non-selfish choice. We identify a condition under which shame to be selfish can mimic altruism, when only stage-two choice is observed by the experimenter. An additional condition implies that the norm of fairness can be characterized as the Nash solution of a bargaining game induced by the second-stage choice problem. The representation is generalized to allow for finitely many recipients and applied to a simple strategic situation, a game of trust.
The quadratic Gaussian CEO problem

A firm's CEO employs a team of L agents who observe independently corrupted versions of a data sequence {X(t)}/sub t=1//sup /spl infin//. Let R be the total data rate at which the agents may communicate information about their observations to the CEO. The agents are not allowed to convene. Berger, Zhang and Viswanathan (see ibid., vol.42, no.5, p.887-902, 1996) determined the asymptotic behavior of the minimal error frequency in the limit as L and R tend to infinity for the case in which the source and observations are discrete and memoryless. We consider the same multiterminal source coding problem when {X(t)}/sub t=1//sup /spl infin// is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random variable corrupted by independent Gaussian noise. We study, under quadratic distortion, the rate-distortion tradeoff in the limit as L and R tend to infinity. As in the discrete case, there is a significant loss between the cases when the agents are allowed to convene and when they are not. As L/spl rarr//spl infin/, if the agents may pool their data before communicating with the CEO, the distortion decays exponentially with the total rate R; this corresponds to the distortion-rate function for an i.i.d. Gaussian source. However, for the case in which they are not permitted to convene, we establish that the distortion decays asymptotically only as R-l.
Contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic structure among Western European populations of tawny owls (Strix aluco)

A recent study of mitochondrial phylogeography of tawny owls (Strix aluco) in western Europe suggested that this species survived the Pleistocene glaciations in three allopatric refugia located in Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans, and the latter was likely the predominant source of postglacial colonization of northern Europe. New data from seven microsatellite loci from 184 individual owls distributed among 14 populations were used to assess the genetic congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. Microsatellites corroborated the major phylogeographical conclusions reached on the basis of the mtDNA sequences, but also showed important differences leading to novel inferences. Microsatellites corroborated the three major refugia and supported the Balkan origin of northern populations. When corrected for differences in effective population size, microsatellites and mtDNA yielded generally congruent overall estimates of population structure ( = 0.12 vs. RST = 0.16); however, there was substantial heterogeneity in the RST among the seven nuclear loci that was not correlated with heterozygosity. Populations representing the Balkans postglacial expansion interact with populations from the other two refugia forming two clines near the Alps and the Pyrenees. In both cases, the apparent position of the contact zones differed substantially between markers due to the genetic composition of populations sampled in northern Italy and Madrid. Microsatellite data did not corroborate the lower genetic diversity of northern, recently populated regions as was found with mtDNA; this discrepancy was taken as evidence for a recent bottleneck recovery. Finally, this study suggests that congruence among genetic markers should be more likely in cases of range expansion into new areas than when populations interact across contact zones.
Total Aortic Arch Revascularization with Extra-anatomic Bypass for Takayasu Arteritis

Total arch replacement with median sternotomy and hypothermic circulatory arrest is described for Takayasu arteritis (TA) with aortic arch and supra-aortic trunk involvement.1,2 We report aortic arch revascularization using extra-anatomic bypass through partial sternotomy, without cardiopulmonary bypass, in a TA patient. Avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass may enhance outcomes and represent an attractive approach to arch revascularization in TA.
The Effect of Plant Growth Substances on the Hyperchromicity of DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from four day old, dark grown corn seedlings according to the procedure of Bonner for the isolation of chromatin followed by separation and purification according to Marmur. The purified DNA was dissolved in dilute saline-citrate and the absorbance at 260 nm of the solution measured as the solution was slowly heated in a quartz cuvette. The degree of increase in absorbance of the DNA in solution as it is thermally denatured was used to assess the interaction of the DNA with plant hormones. Concentrations of 4 x 10-5M NAA, IAA, 2,4-D, and GA3 increased the hyperchromicity of the DNA when added to the DNA. Conversely, the same concentrations of CCC, AMO 1618, TIBA, and ABA decreased the hyperchromicity of the DNA. Kinetin, IAN, and tryptophan at 4 x 10-5M had no measurable effect on the hyperchromicity of the DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli and salmon sperm showed no change in hyperchromicity with added NAA at 4 x 10-5M. The effect of these plant growth substances is most likely either on the thermally disrupted single strands or on the process in which the double strand opens up to single strands since only the high temperature portion was affected. It is postulated that if the plant growth substances act to alter the binding of the double strands of DNA in an isolated system and if this effect has a relationship to the DNA in an intact cell then this effect may be important in the control of plant growth and development.
Parameters that specify the timing of cytokinesis.

One model for the timing of cytokinesis is based on findings that p34cdc2 can phosphorylate myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) on inhibitory sites (serines 1 and 2) in vitro (Satterwhite, L.L., M.H. Lohka, K.L. Wilson, T.Y. Scherson, L.J. Cisek, J.L. Corden, and T.D. Pollard. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:595–605), and this inhibition is proposed to delay cytokinesis until p34cdc2 activity falls at anaphase. We have characterized previously several kinase activities associated with the isolated cortical cytoskeleton of dividing sea urchin embryos (Walker, G.R., C.B. Shuster, and D.R. Burgess. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:1373–1386). Among these kinases and substrates is p34cdc2 and LC20. In comparison with whole cell activity, cortical H1 kinase activity is delayed, with maximum levels in cortices prepared from late anaphase/telophase embryos. To determine whether cortical-associated p34cdc2 influences cortical myosin II activity during cytokinesis, we labeled eggs in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate, prepared cortices, and mapped LC20 phosphorylation through the first cell division. We found no evidence of serine 1,2 phosphorylation at any time during mitosis on LC20 from cortically associated myosin. Instead, we observed a sharp rise in serine 19 phosphorylation during anaphase and telophase, consistent with an activating phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase. However, serine 1,2 phosphorylation was detected on light chains from detergent-soluble myosin II. Furthermore, cells arrested in mitosis by microinjection of nondegradable cyclin B could be induced to form cleavage furrows if the spindle poles were physically placed in close proximity to the cortex. These results suggest that factors independent of myosin II inactivation, such as the delivery of the cleavage stimulus to the cortex, determine the timing of cytokinesis.
The Structured Peer Consultation Model for School Counselors

School counselors typically receive little or no supervision of their counseling. Results of an evaluation of the Structured Peer Consultation Model for School Counselors indicate that the model may help meet the needs of school counselors for ongoing feedback on their counseling with student-clients.
Androgens stimulate myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis in C3H 10T1/2 pluripotent cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway.

Testosterone supplementation increases skeletal muscle mass and decreases fat mass; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that testosterone regulates body composition by promoting the commitment of mesenchymal pluripotent cells into myogenic lineage and inhibiting their differentiation into adipogenic lineage. Mouse C3H 10T1/2 pluripotent cells were treated with testosterone (0 –300 nM) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 0 –30 nM) for 0 –14 d, and myogenic conversion was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining for early (MyoD) and late (myosin heavy chain II; MHC) myogenic markers and by measurements of MyoD and MHC mRNA and protein. Adipogenic differentiation was assessed by adipocyte counting and by measurements of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor 2 (PPAR2) mRNA and PPAR2 protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein . The number of MyoD myogenic cells and MHC myotubes and MyoD and MHC mRNA and protein levels increased dose dependently in response to testosterone and DHT treatment. Both testosterone and DHT decreased the number of adipocytes and down-regulated the expression of PPAR2 mRNA and PPAR2 protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein . Androgen receptor mRNA and protein levels were low at baseline but increased after testosterone or DHT treatment. The effects of testosterone and DHT on myogenesis and adipogenesis were blocked by bicalutamide. Therefore, testosterone and DHT regulate lineage determination in mesenchymal pluripotent cells by promoting their commitment to the myogenic lineage and inhibiting their differentiation into the adipogenic lineage through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway. The observation that differentiation of pluripotent cells is androgen dependent provides a unifying explanation for the reciprocal effects of androgens on muscle and fat mass in men. (Endocrinology 144: 5081–5088, 2003)
Sleepiness, parkinsonian features and sustained attention in mild Alzheimer's disease

Background: we previously demonstrated that patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease and parkinsonian features (AD + PF) are at a higher risk of having daytime sleepiness than mild AD patients without PF (AD −PF). Objective: to determine whether AD + PF patients demonstrate a known a consequence of daytime sleepiness, reduced performance-based sustained attention, compared with AD −PF patients. Methods: a nocturnal polysomnogram and a next-day multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were performed. Between MSLT nap opportunities, a 10-min psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was administered and analysed for reciprocal mean response times (IMEAN), number of lapses (LAPSE) and reciprocal mean slowest 10% (ISLOW). Results: a total of 35 patients met criteria (AD + PF, n= 16; AD −PF, n= 19). Comparatively, the AD + PF group had slower IMEAN results [F(1,28) = 6.64, P< 0.05] and higher LAPSE rates [F(1,27)= 7.57, P< 0.05]. ISLOW measures were not different between groups. When accounting for MSLT results, IMEAN and LAPSE results were no longer significantly different between groups during morning tests, but remained significantly different on afternoon tests. Conclusion: PFs in mild AD are associated with decreased sustained attention as measured by the PVT. Sleepiness did not fully account for the impairment in sustained attention, suggesting that the presence of PFs has an independent negative association with sustained attention in mild AD.
Women Faculty: An Analysis of Their Experiences in Academic Medicine and Their Coping Strategies

Abstract Background: Women represent a persistently low proportion of faculty in senior and leadership roles in medical schools, despite an adequate pipeline. Objectives: This article highlights women's concerns in the context of the academic medical culture in which they work, and considers the ways in which they cope with and resist marginalizing situations. Methods: To explore the experiences of faculty in academic medicine, a multidisciplinary faculty research team conducted 96 open-ended interviews with faculty representing a broad set of disciplines at 4 different career stages (early career, leaders, plateaued, and left academic medicine) in 5 medical schools. Coded data from interview transcripts indicated situations in which women were marginalized. Experiences of marginality were examined through a systematic secondary analysis of a subset of 17 representative cases using qualitative analysis. Results: Women had a sense of “not belonging” in the organization, perceiving themselves as cultural outsiders and feeling isolated and invisible. They described barriers to advancement, including bias and gender role expectations. Faculty from underrepresented minority groups and PhDs perceived a double disadvantage. Four strategies were identified that helped women cope with and resist professional barriers: self-silencing, creating microenvironments, balancing life and work, and simultaneously holding dual identities—being successful in the organization while trying to change the culture. Conclusions: Although the sample size was small, this analysis found that many women faculty perceive themselves as outsiders within academic medicine. Because of their marginalization, minority and non-minority women are more able to see the bias and exclusion that may operate in academic medical centers as well as other problematic dimensions of the culture. As cultural outsiders, women may be better able to advance change to improve academic medical culture. A next step is to leverage women's awareness to develop a broader vision of what that culture can and should be like.
Science Signaling Podcast: 25 March 2014

This Podcast features an interview with Maurizio Scaltriti, author of a Research Article that appears in the 25 March 2014 issue of Science Signaling , about a combination therapy that might be effective against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is often aggressive and is defined by the absence of overexpression or amplification of the genes encoding the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although drugs that inhibit signaling through these receptors are effective against other subtypes of breast cancer, these therapies are not effective against TNBC. However, TNBCs often have elevated signaling through the PI3 kinase–Akt pathway and through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Tao et al . report that a combinatorial treatment that simultaneously targets the PI3 kinase–Akt pathway and signaling through the related EGFR and HER3 receptors reduced growth of TNBC xenografts in mice.
A proposed curriculum for an undergraduate software engineering degree

We have developed a curriculum for a software engineering undergraduate degree. We used the medical school clinical model to guide our design as it successfully combines both knowledge and practice components. Through rotations, our curriculum will provide graduates with both an advanced knowledge of software engineering concepts and practical skills that have been honed in a realistic setting. We present our proposed curriculum and the difficulties we foresee in implementing it.
A LONGITUDINAL FRAMEWORK FOR FOSTERING CRITICAL THINKING AND DIAGNOSTIC REASONING

Nurses' reasoning skills are of interest to nurse researchers, managers, clinicians, educators and students. Recent emphasis on critical thinking has raised important questions regarding the modes of reasoning necessary for practice and appropriate measures to improve nurses' cognitive skills. This paper analyses critical thinking and diagnostic reasoning. A longitudinal framework for promoting both modes of reasoning, beginning with nursing students through to experienced clinicians, is proposed as a model worth testing in nurse samples.
Simulation of a small wind fuel cell hybrid energy system

This paper describes simulation results of a small 500 W wind fuel cell hybrid energy system. The system consists of a Southwest Wind Power Inc. AIR 403 wind turbine, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and an electrolyzer. Dynamic modeling of various components of this small isolated system is presented. Simulink is used for the dynamic simulation of this nonlinear 48 V hybrid energy system. Transient responses of the system to a step change in the load current and wind speed in a number of possible situations are presented. Analysis of simulation results and limitations of a wind fuel cell hybrid energy system are discussed.
Fruit and vegetable intake and prevalence of colorectal adenoma in a cancer screening trial

BACKGROUND: Research on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of colorectal adenoma is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether intake of fruit, vegetables, or their subgroups is associated with a lower risk of prevalent colorectal adenoma. DESIGN: In men and women (aged 55-74 y) who were screened for colorectal cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) (1993-2001), we compared 3057 cases with at least one prevalent histologically verified adenoma of the distal large bowel with 29 413 control subjects. Using a food-frequency questionnaire, we quantified intake of fruit and vegetables in the 12 mo before screening as energy-adjusted pyramid servings/d (ps/d). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Risk of distal adenoma was significantly lower among subjects in high ([almost equal to]5.7 ps/d) versus low ([almost equal to]1.2 ps/d) quintiles of total fruit intake (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.86, P for trend <0.001), which was not completely explained by dietary folate or fiber intake. Inverse associations between adenoma and total fruit intake were observed regardless of adenoma histopathology and multiplicity. However, the protective effect was seen only for colon and not rectal adenoma. Total vegetable intake was not significantly associated with reduced risk of adenoma. ORs for colorectal adenoma among persons with high versus low intakes of deep-yellow vegetables, dark-green vegetables, and onions and garlic were significantly related to lower risk of adenoma, although the P for trend for dark-green vegetables was not significant. CONCLUSION: Diets rich in fruit and deep-yellow vegetables, dark-green vegetables, and onions and garlic are modestly associated with reduced risk of colorectal adenoma, a precursor of colorectal cancer.
Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents on the Immune Response. I

(1984). Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents on the Immune Response. I. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 459-466.
Bayesian Inference of Regular Grammar and Markov Source Models

In this paper we develop a Bayes criterion which includes the Rissanen complexity, for inferring regular grammar models. We develop two methods for regular grammar Bayesian inference. The first method is based on treating the regular grammar as a 1-dimensional Markov source, and the second is based on the combinatoric characteristics of the regular grammar itself. We apply the resulting Bayes criteria to a particular example in order to show the efficiency of each method.
Expression of SQ10 (a preprorelaxin-like gene) in the pregnant rabbit placenta and uterus.

A Northern blot containing poly(A) + RNA isolated from pregnant rabbit placenta, uterus, ovary, mammary gland, psoas muscle, and intestine was hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe to porcine preprorelaxin. Only the placenta and uterus exhibited high levels of a 1-kb mRNA that hybridized to the probe. Porcine preprorelaxin primers were used to generate and amplify cDNAs from placental and uterine poly(A) + RNA. Southern blot analysis of the placental and uterine cDNAs each revealed a single PCR product that hybridized with the porcine relaxin probe. The sequence of the cDNAs exhibited 100% identity with SQ10, a preprorelaxin-like gene identified in rabbit tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Identical results were obtained with primers specific for SQ10. SQ10 is expressed in tracheobronchial epithelial cells during abnormal conditions, such as mechanical or toxic injury. The protein is believed to have a role in tracheal epithelial cell differentiation and transformation that occurs under the above conditions. This work shows, for the first time, the presence of high levels of message for SQ10 in normal reproductive tissues. The expression of SQ10 in the uterus and placenta may suggest an important role in cell differentiation and transformation that occurs in these tissues during pregnancy.
The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention.

People have a basic need to maintain the integrity of the self, a global sense of personal adequacy. Events that threaten self-integrity arouse stress and self-protective defenses that can hamper performance and growth. However, an intervention known as self-affirmation can curb these negative outcomes. Self-affirmation interventions typically have people write about core personal values. The interventions bring about a more expansive view of the self and its resources, weakening the implications of a threat for personal integrity. Timely affirmations have been shown to improve education, health, and relationship outcomes, with benefits that sometimes persist for months and years. Like other interventions and experiences, self-affirmations can have lasting benefits when they touch off a cycle of adaptive potential, a positive feedback loop between the self-system and the social system that propagates adaptive outcomes over time. The present review highlights both connections with other disciplines and lessons for a social psychological understanding of intervention and change.
The cytology of salivary glands.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the cytology of salivary glands. The salivary glands are divided into two groups—major and minor. The parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands are major salivary glands. The gross anatomical relationships of the salivary glands of mammals vary greatly between species. The nature of the secretory products of various salivary glands is widely investigated by histochemical staining methods. Staining methods for mucosubstances demonstrate that gross anatomically comparable glands from different species may secrete entirely different mucosubstances. The chapter discusses the secretory functions of the salivary glands. Salivary glands possess systems that allow these organs to secrete remarkable amounts of proteins, glycoproteins, and water. The secretory capacity of the salivary gland acinar cells has been well investigated, particularly the acinar cells of parotid glands. The synthesis, intracellular transport, storage, and discharge of exportable protein by exocrine-secreting cells are also discussed.
MICSS: A Realistic Multichannel Secrecy Protocol

Flaws in cryptosystem implementations, such as the Heartbleed bug, render common confidentiality mechanisms ineffective. Defending in depth when this happens would require a different means of providing confidentiality, which could then be layered with existing cryptosystems. This paper presents MICSS, a network protocol which uses multichannel secret sharing rather than encryption to protect data confidentiality. The MICSS protocol ensures perfect secrecy against an (n-1)-channel attacker and operates at line speed in a three-channel throughput benchmark. MICSS provides a practical means of securing network communications, and it layers seamlessly with cryptosystems to mitigate the effects of implementation flaws.
Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis apparently resistant to plasmapheresis improves after surgical repair of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease and has a high recurrence rate after kidney transplantation, attributed to a circulating permeability factor. Plasmapheresis is the treatment of choice after recurrence to remove the circulating factor. We present a case of recurrent FSGS 6 years after transplantation. It is instructive because proteinuria did not respond to intensive plasmapheresis—combined with rituximab—until the possibility of ineffective apheresis secondary to multiple aneurysms in the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was considered. Proteinuria improved soon after alternative access for plasmapheresis was secured and AVF aneurysms were surgically repaired.
Cultural Trends of Audience Online Interaction with Vocal Talent Shows: A Comparative Study between China and the US

AbstractThis study examined cultural reflections online of audience comments on social network sites regarding vocal talent shows in China and the United States. The study applied dimensions of cross culture to investigate audience comments on the official social networking sites of The Voice of China and The Voice. Findings reflect Hofstede’s dimensions as applied to social media and illustrate how individuals alter their “local” cultural norms in the new media environment. The study specifically enhances the exploration of cultural manifestations in cyberspace, which fewer cross-cultural studies have researched.
Use of Amine Buffer (THAM) in Treatment of Acute Salicylate Intoxication.

SummaryThe effectiveness of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM) in increasing salicyluria after intravenous injection of sodium salicylate was tested in experiments on 4 dogs. A marked drop of salicylate in plasma and increase in its excretion in urine was demonstrated. These experiments also indicate that maximum excretion of salicylate by the kidney will occur when an elevation of body fluid pH and urine pH are accompanied by a marked diuresis. THAM, which promotes these changes, may be useful in treatment of salicylate poisoning in man.
Related Living Donor Nephrectomy

Abstract The improved survival figures for living related grafts suggest that this is an important source of kidneys in a renal allotransplant program. There is need to review repeatedly this source of kidneys and to evaluate the results and techniques. The supracostal incision best provides exposure for removal of the kidney without traumatic hilar dissection.
Capillary hydraulic conductivity is decreased by nitric oxide synthase inhibition

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to modulate microvascular permeability to solutes in whole organs, venules, and cultured endothelial cell monolayers. NO derived from L-arginine via NO synthase activates soluble guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. While the effects of NO on capillary water permeability have not been characterized, other activators of guanylate cyclase, such as sodium nitroprusside and atrial natriuretic peptide, increase capillary hydraulic conductivity (Lp). We hypothesized that inhibition of NO synthase with the arginine analogue, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), would decrease Lp from control levels. Lp was assessed in situ in single perfused frog mesenteric capillaries, first during control conditions (Lcontrolp) and then during superfusion (Ltestp) with either L-NMMA, NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA), a biologically inert enantiomer, or L-NMMA and L-arginine. Superfusion with 1 microM L-NMMA caused a decrease in Lp (Ltestp/Lcontrolp = 0.6 +/- 0.1, P < 0.001), whereas 1 microM D-NMMA was without effect on Lp (Ltestp/Lcontrolp = 1.0 +/- 0.2). The decrease in Lp by 1 microM L-NMMA was not only prevented by the presence of excess L-arginine (100 microM), but Lp increased from control (Ltestp/Lcontrolp = 1.4 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05). Furthermore, superfusion of L-arginine (100 microM) caused an increase in capillary Lp (Ltestp/Lcontrolp = 2.4 +/- 0.9, P < 0.05), whereas D-arginine had no effect on Lp (Ltestp/Lcontrolp = 1.2 +/- 0.3). The results of this study support our hypothesis that inhibition of NO synthase decreases capillary Lp in the intact circulation. In addition, L-arginine increases capillary Lp in our model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scales of reservoir heterogeneities and impact of seismic resolution on geostatistical integration

Seismic measurements may be used in geostatistical techniques for estimation and simulation of petrophysical properties such as porosity. The good correlation between seismic and rock properties provides a basis for these techniques. Seismic data have a wide spatial coverage not available in log or core data. However, each seismic measurement has a characteristic response function determined by the source-receiver geometry and signal bandwidth. The image response of the seismic measurement gives a filtered version of the true velocity image. Therefore the seismic image cannot reflect exactly the true seismic velocity at all scales of spatial heterogeneities present in the Earth. The seismic response function can be approximated conveniently in the spatial spectral domain using the Born approximation. How the seismic image response affects the estimation of variogram. and spatial scales and its impact on geostatistical results is the focus of this paper. Limitations of view angles and signal bandwidth not only smooth the seismic image, increasing the variogram range, but also can introduce anisotropic spatial structures into the image. The seismic data are enhanced by better characterizing and quantifying these attributes. As an exercise, examples of seismically assisted cokriging and cosimulation of porosity between wells are presented.
Integrative Therapy and Training: A Commentary

The authors in this series present innovative training programs in integrative psychotherapy. Although they approach integration from different starting points, they converge in their emphasis on principle-based thinking as it applies to understanding the process of change and the selection of interventions. What is not made as clear is how to conceptualize clients' problems from this principle-based level of abstraction. In this paper, the strategy of pattern identification is discussed as one approach. Together, these approaches to training teach clinicians to think at a level of abstraction that provides a structure for integrating theory and technique from a constantly evolving knowledge base so that a wide variety of clinical problems can be addressed.
Identifying Correlated Bots in Twitter

We develop a technique to identify abnormally correlated user accounts in Twitter, which are very unlikely to be human operated. This new approach of bot detection considers cross-correlating user activities and requires no labeled data, as opposed to existing bot detection techniques that consider users independently, and require large amount of recently labeled data. Our system uses a lag-sensitive hashing technique and a warping-invariant correlation measure to quickly organize the user accounts in clusters of abnormally correlated accounts. Our method is 94 % precise and detects unique bots that other methods cannot detect. Our system produces daily reports on bots at a rate of several hundred bots per day. The reports are available online for further analysis.
Recommendations for neoadjuvant pathologic staging (ypTNM) of cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction for the 8th edition AJCC/UICC staging manuals.

We report analytic and consensus processes that produced recommendations for clinical stage groups (cTNM) of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer for the AJCC/UICC cancer staging manuals, 8th edition. The Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC) provided data on 22,123 clinically staged patients with epithelial esophageal cancers. Risk-adjusted survival for each patient was developed using random survival forest analysis from which (1) data-driven clinical stage groups were identified wherein survival decreased monotonically and was distinctive between and homogeneous within groups and (2) data-driven anatomic clinical stage groups based only on cTNM. The AJCC Upper GI Task Force, by smoothing, simplifying, expanding, and assessing clinical applicability, produced (3) consensus clinical stage groups. Compared with pTNM, cTNM survival was "pinched," with poorer survival for early cStage groups and better survival for advanced ones. Histologic grade was distinctive for data-driven grouping of cT2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cT1-2N0M0 adenocarcinoma, but consensus removed it. Grouping was different by histopathologic cell type. For SCC, cN0-1 was distinctive for cT3 but not cT1-2, and consensus removed cT4 subclassification and added subgroups 0, IVA, and IVB. For adenocarcinoma, N0-1 was distinctive for cT1-2 but not cT3-4a, cStage II subgrouping was necessary (T1N1M0 [IIA] and T2N0M0 [IIB]), advanced cancers cT3-4aN0-1M0 plus cT2N1M0 comprised cStage III, and consensus added subgroups 0, IVA, and IVB. Treatment decisions require accurate cStage, which differs from pStage. Understaging and overstaging are problematic, and additional factors, such as grade, may facilitate treatment decisions and prognostication until clinical staging techniques are uniformly applied and improved.
Dutch Studies: Language and Linguistics

the period 2008–2012 has been productive and full of innovation. For instance, in 2012 the association anela launched its new online Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics . the first issue contains a variety of articles, written in Dutch or english, with several focusing on Dutch, though the journal includes material on general linguistics as well. the journal Taal en Tongval has also followed the open-access revolution. the first online issue (vol. 63 for 2011, published in autumn 2012) is available at . the Society for germanic Linguistics published a special issue of their journal on Dutch linguistics in 2010, JGL, 22.4, ‘Dutch between english and german’, with five articles on historical issues, three on language acquisition and attrition, and one on pragmatics. anthony F. Buccini, ‘Between Pre-german and Pre-english: the Origin of Dutch’ (301–14), explains the most peculiar phonological features of Dutch (especially the lack of secondary i-umlaut) as the result of language contact between Ingvaeonic-speaking slaves and the Frankish dialects of their masters. Michiel de Vaan, ‘another Frisianism in coastal Dutch: traam, treem, triem “crossbeam”’ (315–36), relates the presence of /i./ in coastal Dutch to language contact between Frankish and Frisian. Jessica nowak, ‘On the emergence of an eighth ablaut class in german and Dutch’ (361–80), points to a process of analogy in both Dutch and german where the ablaut pattern in the preterite and past participle of class II verbs has been extended onto other strong verbs. Janneke Diepeveen and Freek Van de Velde, ‘adverbial Morphology: how Dutch and german are Moving away from english’ (381–402), argue that, in contrast to english (which uses morphological markers to distinguish adjectives from adverbs), Dutch and german ‘draw a dividing line between nP-modifiers and clause-level modifiers.’
Vapor phase infiltration (VPI) for transforming polymers into organic–inorganic hybrid materials: a critical review of current progress and future challenges

This review critically assesses the state-of-knowledge for vapor phase infiltration (VPI) processing science, an emerging gas phase processing scheme for producing organic–inorganic hybrid materials. In VPI, vapor phase metalorganic precursors are diffused into and subsequently reacted with organic polymers to transform them into organic–inorganic hybrid materials. While this processing technique originates from the atomic layer deposition (ALD) research community, and its processing conditions are similar to ALD, the fundamental phenomenological mechanisms of VPI and ALD are significantly different. In fact, the kinetics of VPI more closely parallel processes in gas membrane separations and solvent vapor annealing than ALD. This review clarifies the nomenclature and taxonomy of VPI within the greater family of chemical vapor phase processing techniques. The current understanding of VPI's atomic-scale processing phenomenology is reviewed, and a basic framework for understanding the processing kinetics is presented. Characterization methods for studying the processing dynamics and final material structure are summarized along with some current applications for the unique materials that are created. Most importantly, this article aims to unify the research field and identify several scientific challenges that must be overcome to advance this processing technology towards broad commercial acceptance.
Genetic Parameters of Some Characters and Their Correlation with Rice Grain Yield in Relation to the Plant Adaptability to Semi-Deep Stagnant Flooding Condition

Stagnant flooding (SF) is a major problem in floodprone rice ecosystem where the depth of flood water ranging from 20-50 cm in the entire seasons. In Indonesia this kind of water stress can be found in swampy basin area or Rawa Lebak. A study was conducted to determine the genetic parameters related to rice plant adaptability to SF. Eighteen rice genotypes including the recently developed 6 pairs of SUB1 near isogenic lines (NILs) of widely planted varieties and checks were tested under 50 cm depth of SF in the 2009 wet season at Los Banos, Philippines. The results showed that most of genotypes showed different responses on morphological and agronomical characters under SF and normal conditions. Most of the SUB1 NILs had lower grain yields than their respective parents. This was because SUB1 suppressed shoot elongation and less restoring contact with the air. Some SUB1 lines such as PSBRc68 and IR70181-32, however, produced high grain yields under this condition. Under SF condition, rice genotypes required shoot elongation to allow restoring contact with the air, therefore the traits that related to growth attributes such as shoot weight, leaf weight, LAI, stem diameter, plant high, and tiller number were strongly correlated with the grain yields. These traits also had broad genetic variability, high heritability, and strong correlation with grain yields. Selection under real stress SF conditions was effective to obtain high yielding genotypes and also tolerant.