cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visually Analyzing A Billion Tweets: An Application for Collaborative Visual Analytics on Large High-Resolution Display

We present a ParaViewWeb based visual analytics application running on large high-resolution display supporting standard mouse and keyboard interaction. The application relies on SAGE2 for user interaction and multi-display visualization. We also employ a scalable middleware system called "Cloudberry" that allows users to interactively query and analyze large amounts of temporal and spatial data stored on a back end Apache AsterixDB store to enable big data analytics and interactive visualization. Our Visual Analyzing Billion Tweets application shows interactive query and visualization of result from over a billion twitter feeds streamed in real-time to the back end Apache AsterixDB. In our setup, we ran the visual analytics application on a large high-resolution display with a 24-tiled display in a 6 x 4 configuration. We also run a comparative study of the application running on a single 24 inch display and the 24-tiled display with some very interesting findings supporting the benefit of using large high-resolution display for visual analytics.
138 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AZITHROMYCIN ON HYPEROXIC LUNG INJURY IN NEONATAL RATS.

Hyperoxia is a major cause of lung injury in premature infants and along with other risk factors contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To assess if azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory effects, could be beneficial for the treatment of BPD we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of azithromycin in neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia. A total of 64 rats were divided equally into 4 groups: room air control, room air azithromycin, hyperoxia control, and hyperoxia azithromycin. The hyperoxia groups were exposed to > 95% oxygen from day of life 4 to day 14. Animals who completed the experiment (n = 56) were sacrificed for histologic analysis of their lungs and protein analysis of lung tissue lysate. Mean linear intercept (MLI) was significantly lower in the control groups vs the hyperoxia groups (p
AN UNCOMMON CAUSE OF FULMINANT MYOCARDITIS: INFLUENZA B

Influenza remains a frequent cause of hospitalization and death during the winter season. Since early in March of 2018, influenza B has been more frequently reported than influenza A. While the incidence of myocarditis from influenza is rare (from 0-11%), the severity of illness can include
Bawdy Blows: VET Tv and the Comedy of Combat Masculinity

It is a practical truism that hypermasculine rules of engagement pervade U.S. military culture. Veteran Television (VET Tv), the self-proclaimed “Comedy Central of the military,” amplifies it to th...
What Is Learned About the Roles of Mathematics in Physics While Learning Physics Concepts? A Mathematics Sensitive Look at Physics Teaching and Learning

The starting point for this chapter is the assumption that knowing and reflecting about different roles of mathematics in (learning) physics is part of the desirable body of knowledge about the nature of science (NOS). On the one hand, a NOS approach that does not address roles of mathematics is simply not adequate, as mathematics is as important as are experiments for generating and communicating physics knowledge. On the other hand, the understanding of the roles of mathematics may strongly influence other, more general NOS aspects, e.g. to recognize physics as a creative human endeavour. This chapter aims at examplifying potential learning opportunities based on two case studies. The case studies have been chosen to represent an inductive and a deductive approach to teaching the physics around two equations included in most, if not all, secondary physics curricula. To illustrate the inductive approach “uniform motion” has been chosen, “image formation by a thin (converging) lens” is chosen as an example for a deductive approach. Both case studies shed some light on what is taught implicitly and what could be taught explicitly and reflectively about the roles of mathematics in physics, suggesting exemplary fields of reflection for a first encounter.
Reclaimed phosphorus commodity reserve from water resource recovery facilities—A strategic regional concept towards phosphorus recovery

Abstract Despite all the right reasons for phosphorus (P) recovery, many water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), especially for small WRRFs, cannot afford to implement P recovery technologies. This work systematically evaluated cost impacts of recovering P into fertilizer form from 80 major WRRFs in the Chicagoland area. Using a 20-year present worth analysis, results indicate that it would cost US$21 billion for all 80 major WRRFs to recover P into struvite fertilizer form. Based on unit cost analysis ($ per kg P recovered), P recovery from biosolids is cost-prohibitive due to high energy demand. P recovery from sludge liquor is economically viable but only up to 30% of the influent P load can be recovered. P recovery from sludge ashes is comparable with P recovery from sludge liquor or de-facto P recovery by biosolids land application from a cost perspective but it has the highest P recovery potential (up to 90% of the influent P loads) and lessens the increasing concern of transferring emerging contaminants from biosolids to crops through land application. This leads to a novel approach of a centralized, regional P recovery facility where WRRFs of all sizes can “dispose” of their biosolids for incineration and that P can be recovered as calcium phosphate from the sludge ashes and stored in a monofill as a commodity reserve for future use. This paper proved that the concept of building a commodity P reserve through a centralized P recovery facility is economically justifiable for all WRRFs within the region.
Reproductive physiology of sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

Abstract Sheep and goats are considered small ruminants that play a key role in provision of meat, wool, mohair, and milk to humans. Sheep and goats can graze grasslands and other marginal lands that are not arable to make a significant economic impact on the quality of life for humans. Further, a combination of sound management practices and genetic selection can increase prolificacy of ewes and does to reduce numbers of ewes and does required to meet demands from products of small ruminants, i.e., meat, milk and fiber. This chapter will review some history of the roles of sheep and goats, their reproductive system, the estrous cycle and the physiology of pregnancy.
A New Approach to Batch Effect Removal Based on Distribution Matching in Latent Space

Advanced measurement techniques such as genomics are capable of acquiring high-throughput data in high dimensions, enabling new scientific discoveries, and offering unique insights in biomedical research. However, biological measurements can be easily affected by systematic variations especially when those measures are obtained from distinct batches involving different platforms and experimental conditions. Such batch effect is usually larger than biological signal of interest and can cause invalid downstream analysis and false discovery if not properly handled. Here we proposed a new learning approach based on multivariate distribution matching in the latent space for batch effect removal while preserving signals of most interest. This new data-driven approach consists of three key components: an autoencoder trained to encode the data into low-dimension neurons that represent data pattern; a similarity measurement procedure to identify batch-effect associated neurons; and a residual network-based matching framework to transform the affected neurons' distribution from one batch to another where the adjusted neurons will be decoded to reconstruct new datasets with batch effect removed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been validated in several ways using public genomic data on Alzheimer disease. This new method provides a highly promising tool for complex batch-effect adjustment and outperforms other commonly used methods.
Bayesian inference using qualitative observations of underlying continuous variables.

MOTIVATION Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using non-numerical, qualitative data to parameterize mathematical models. However, uncertainty quantification (UQ) of such parameterized models has remained challenging because of a lack of a statistical interpretation of the objective functions used in optimization. RESULTS We formulated likelihood functions suitable for performing Bayesian UQ using qualitative observations of underlying continuous variables or a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. To demonstrate the resulting UQ capabilities, we analyzed a published model for immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor signaling using synthetic qualitative and quantitative datasets. Remarkably, estimates of parameter values derived from the qualitative data were nearly as consistent with the assumed ground-truth parameter values as estimates derived from the lower throughput quantitative data. These results provide further motivation for leveraging qualitative data in biological modeling. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The likelihood functions presented here are implemented in a new release of PyBioNetFit, an open-source application for analyzing Systems Biology Markup Language- and BioNetGen Language-formatted models, available online at www.github.com/lanl/PyBNF. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Size changes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae in thin peripheral blood smears

OBJECTIVE To explore the size changes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae, so as to improve the basic-level experimenters' microscopy capabilities for P. malariae identification in thin blood smears. METHODS The microscopic features of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae in thin peripheral blood smears were observed, and a microscope image processing software was used to measure and analyze the diameter changes of the erythrocytes infected with P. malariae. RESULTS The diameter of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae decreased significantly compared with that of the normal erythrocytes. The three parameters in this study: the diameter of erythrocytes, the value of diameter variation, and the ratio of diameter variation varied at different developmental stages of P. malariae, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The variances of the three parameters grouped by different cases or different developmental stages in different cases were analyzed, all showing statistically significant differences (all P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS All the developmental stages of P. malariae will cause the decrease of the diameters of infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears, but the influence on the diameter of erythrocytes, value of diameter variation, and ratio of diameter variation varies at different developmental stages in different cases.
Agricultural loan delinquency prediction using machine learning methods

The recent economic downturn in the agricultural sector that started in 2013 has caused some concerns for farmers’ repayment capacity, which raises the need for precise prediction of financial stre...
The early head start (EHS) home visitor perspective: What does it take to engage parents?

Abstract Parental engagement is at the root of successful outcomes for parents in early childhood home visiting programs ( Korfmacher et al., 2008 ). In order to partner with families to set and achieve their goals, home visitors must both build and maintain a positive working relationship with each parent. Prior research has identified multiple factors that impact parental engagement in home visiting programs, related to the parent, the home visitor, and the program ( Korfmacher et al., 2008 , McCurdy and Daro, 2001 ). The home visitor characteristics identified in the literature focus on what it takes to get parents involved and engaged in program services, with myriad identified influences. A few studies have explored home visitors’ identified needs in engaging parents. This qualitative project interviewed 29 home visitors and 9 supervisors in four Early Head Start (EHS) programs to identify and explore the home visitors’ experience of what impacts their ability to engage parents. Providers identified three primary factors impacting their perceived ability to engage: their approach with families, their attitudes toward families, and the knowledge of resources used in order to engage families. Each home visitor described having different sets of strengths and areas of development they have matured through their work. Policy and program implications of these findings are also discussed.
Unwarranted, long term, alglucosidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in two non-Pompe disease patients

Abstract Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) can present a diagnostic challenge considering its phenotypic variance. Neurologists should question the LOPD diagnosis if the workup reveals a normal CK, EMG and muscle biopsy. A borderline acid α- glucosidase (GAA) activity can be misleading - genetic testing should be completed prior to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). In this article we present 2 patients on long term ERT who were misdiagnosed as having LOPD because of borderline GAA.
Implications of farmed-cervid movements on the transmission of chronic wasting disease.

Abstract Chronic wasting disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects cervids with a clinical picture of muscle wasting in infected animals. The objective of this study was to quantify movement patterns of farmed cervids in the state of Minnesota as a model for identifying potential disease mitigation points. Time aggregated network analysis was performed on data consisting of 1221 intra-state cervid movements from farms located within Minnesota (n = 432 farms). Intra-state movements accounted for 48.2 % of all documented movements (2578) in Minnesota from 2013 to 2018; the remaining movements were inter-state. Annual networks were sparse in nature with low graph densities (6.9 × 10−4 - 1.4 × 10-3) and transitivity (0.06−0.12). Frequency of movements increased significantly (p
A Comparative study of Artificial Neural Networks Using Reinforcement learning and Multidimensional Bayesian Classification Using Parzen Density Estimation for Identification of GC-EIMS Spectra of Partially Methylated Alditol Acetates

This study reports the development of a pattern recognition search engine for a World Wide Web-based database of gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectra (GC-EIMS) of partially methylated Alditol Acetates (PMAAs). Here, we also report comparative results for two pattern recognition techniques that were employed for this study. The first technique is a statistical technique using Bayesian classifiers and Parzen density estimators. The second technique involves an artificial neural network module trained with reinforcement learning. We demonstrate here that both systems perform well in identifying spectra with small amounts of noise. Both system's performance degrades with degrading signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When dealing with partial spectra (missing data), the artificial neural network system performs better. The developed system is implemented on the world wide web, and is intended to identify PMAAs using submitted spectra of these molecules recorded on any GC-EIMS instrument. The system, therefore, is insensitive to instrument and column dependent variations in GC-EIMS spectra.
The impact of emotional face stimuli on working memory performance among men and women with alcohol use disorder.

Abstract Background Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often display compromise in emotional processing and non-affective neurocognitive functions. However, relatively little empirical work explores their intersection. In this study, we examined working memory performance when attending to and ignoring facial stimuli among adults with and without AUD. We anticipated poorer performance in the AUD group, particularly when task demands involved ignoring facial stimuli. Whether this relationship was moderated by facial emotion or participant sex were explored as empirical questions. Methods Fifty-six controls (30 women) and 56 treatment-seekers with AUD (14 women) completed task conditions in which performance was advantaged by either attending to or ignoring facial stimuli, including happy, neutral, or fearful faces. Group, sex, and their interaction were independent factors in all models. Efficiency (accuracy/response time) was the primary outcome of interest. Results An interaction between group and condition (F1,107 = 6.03, p Conclusions These data provide partial support for initial hypotheses, with the AUD group demonstrating poorer working memory performance conditioned on the inability to ignore irrelevant emotional face stimuli. The absence of group differences when scenes were to be ignored (faces remembered) suggests the AUD-associated inability to ignore irrelevance is influenced by specific stimulus qualities.
2020: It Was Quite a Year

While the first reported case of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, giving the name to the disease COVID-19, the World Health Organization declared this a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020 Persons with obesity indeed have increased rates of comorbid conditions, often have impaired immune responses to viral threats and abnormal proinflammatory and prothrombotic profiles, and experience stigma in health care settings where they are at a disadvantage because of their size (limited use of diagnostic equipment and therapeutic maneuvers), all factors driving COVID-19 complications and mortality (1) [ ]the annual Obesity Journal Symposium was held virtually at ObesityWeek with an outstanding and diverse group of papers and young scientists presenting their work
The Effect of Macroeconomic Conditions on Parental Time with Children: Evidence from the American Time Use Survey

This paper investigates the effect of changes in macroeconomic conditions on time allocation to children among mothers and fathers in the US. The study relies on 2003-2013 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data. Accounting for a variety of personal demographic characteristics, as well as state and year fixed effects, we find that an increase in state-level unemployment rates is associated with an increase in enriching child-father time in families with small children (ages 0-4). However, there is heterogeneity in results by race, education and marital status, with results being statistically significant for white, married and college-educated fathers. Additionally, we find some evidence that an increase in unemployment rates is also associated with an increase in primary childcare for fathers in families with small children, as well as some declines in total time that fathers spend with older children. In contrast to this result, we find that mothers’ total time with children, as well as primary childcare time, is invariant to macroeconomic fluctuations in the labor market, however, as the unemployment rate goes up we do observe small declines in enriching time that white mothers in families with small children devote to enriching activities.
Addressing cancer survivors’ cardiovascular health using the automated heart health assessment (AH-HA) EHR tool: Initial protocol and modifications to address COVID-19 challenges

Abstract Background The purpose of this paper is to describe the Automated Heart-Health Assessment (AH-HA) study protocol, which demonstrates an agile approach to cancer care delivery research. This study aims to assess the effect of a clinical decision support tool for cancer survivors on cardiovascular health (CVH) discussions, referrals, completed visits with primary care providers and cardiologists, and control of modifiable CVH factors and behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption to clinical trial accrual and operations. Studies conducted with potentially vulnerable populations, including cancer survivors, must shift towards virtual consent, data collection, and study visits to reduce risk for participants and study staff. Studies examining cancer care delivery innovations may also need to accommodate the increased use of virtual visits. Methods/design This group-randomized, mixed methods study will recruit 600 cancer survivors from 12 National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) practices. Survivors at intervention sites will use the AH-HA tool with their oncology provider; survivors at usual care sites will complete routine survivorship visits. Outcomes will be measured immediately after the study visit, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months. The study was amended during the COVID-19 pandemic to allow for virtual consent, data collection, and intervention options, with the goal of minimizing participant-staff in-person contact and accommodating virtual survivorship visits. Conclusions Changes to the study protocol and procedures allow important cancer care delivery research to continue safely during the COVID-19 pandemic and give sites and survivors flexibility to conduct study activities in-person or remotely.
Potential beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on the prevalence of kidney cancer: a national database study.

Abstract Background The incidence of obesity has been steadily increasing, especially in developed countries. Also, obesity is considered one of the modifiable risk factors of kidney cancer. Objectives This study aims to determine the impact of bariatric surgery-induced weight loss on the prevention of kidney cancer. Setting Academic Hospital, United States. Methods The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried for the period 2010 to 2015 for first-time kidney cancer-related hospitalization, used as a proxy for cancer incidence, in patients with a history of bariatric surgery (cases) and patients with obesity but no history of bariatric surgery (controls). Patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer were excluded from the analysis. In order to identify comparable patients, all controls had to have a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, as per the existing qualification criteria for bariatric surgery. The International Classification of Diseases-9 codes (ICD-9) was used to identify admissions for kidney cancer. A univariate analysis was conducted to compare demographics and co-morbidities between groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to assess differences between surgical and control groups and adjust for independent variables such as smoking history and family history of malignancy. All percentages and means (with confidence intervals [CIs]) were weighted. Results A total of 2,300,845 were included in the analysis, of which 2,004,804 controls-subjects, with a mean age of 54.4 ± .05 years, and 296,041 treatment-subjects, with a mean age of 51.9 ± .05 years. Demographics and co-morbidities, such as tobacco use, diabetes, and hypertension, were also measured. Patients with a history of bariatric surgery were significantly less likely to experience renal cancer than patients without a history of bariatric surgery, with 5935 cases in the control group and 684 in the case group (P Conclusion Our finding suggests that bariatric surgery-induced weight loss could significantly prevent first-time kidney cancer-related hospitalizations in patients with obesity. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Brune, Krista. Creative Transformations: Travels and Translations of Brazil in the Americas. State U of New York P, 2020.

In this informative and engaging new study, Krista Brune frames “translation as a critical tool for questioning the supposedly peripheral positions of Brazil and the rest of Latin America in the hemisphere and beyond” (19). Building on the work of such theoreticians as Haroldo de Campos, Hector Hoyos, and SergioWaisman, Brune argues that “Brazil’s hemispheric and global prominence depends upon and shifts through travels and translations” (21).
Transplant Oncology: An Evolving Field in Cancer Care

Transplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The application of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery to improve patients' survival and quality of life is the core of transplant oncology. Hepatobiliary malignancies have been treated by liver transplantation (LT) with significant improved outcome. In addition, as the liver is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC), patients with CRC who have stable unresectable liver metastases are good candidates for LT, and initial studies have shown improved survival compared to palliative systemic therapy. The indications of LT for hepatobiliary malignancies have been slowly expanded over the years in a stepwise manner; however, they have only been shown to improve patient survival in the setting of limited systemic therapy options. This review illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic biliary cancer, and liver-only metastasis of non-hepatobiliary carcinoma. The utility of immunotherapy in the transplant setting is discussed as well as the feasibility of using circulating tumor DNA for surveillance post-transplantation.
Dirt cracking as rock fracture-wedging process in the Mediterranean climate of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Dirt cracking physically wedges open fractures in desert bedrock via the synergistic processes of carbonate precipitation and the wetting and drying of clays in fracture fill. We use back-scattered and high-resolution electron microscopy along with 87Sr/86Sr analyses to find that dirt cracking also occurs in the hypermaritime Mediterranean climate of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 87Sr/86Sr analyses of calcium carbonate from four different sampling locations do not reflect an ocean source, but 87Sr/86Sr ratios correspond with the known composition of the sampled rocks. Carbonates derived from decay of host-rock minerals precipitate in narrow fractures, widening them. In addition to calcium carbonate, iron carbonate, barium carbonate, and calcium phosphate also precipitate in fractures. Dissolution of silicates, in association with carbonate precipitation, aids in the further penetration of carbonates. Fines falling into fissures includes smectites that undergo wetting (expansion) and drying (contraction) that further promotes fracture widening. Lead contamination, probably from mid-20th century automobile emissions, occurs from heavy metal scavenging by iron oxides. As studies of dirt cracking are few in number, and since the carbonate precipitation process has been observed in Antarctica, monsoonal Asia, and now in a Mediterranean climate, it is possible that dirt cracking is a common rock-decay process in biogeochemical settings dry enough for carbonate precipitation in rock fissures.
The Effect of Shortness of the First Metatarsal Bone on Foot Function

(1950). The Effect of Shortness of the First Metatarsal Bone on Foot Function. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 277-286.
Race and the Death Penalty

Abstract Scholars have learned a great deal about race and the death penalty. Yet the field has limitations: (1) prior research focuses on African Americans and Hispanics but ignores Asian Americans; (2) researchers have not explored Donald Black's (1989) plan to eliminate discrimination called the “desocialization of law.” Black notes that jurors who do not know the race of the offender and victim cannot discriminate. Black then outlines proposals aimed at removing race information from trials, while still providing jurors with relevant legal information. We address both issues through an experiment in which mock jurors (N = 1,233 students) recommended a sentence in a capital murder trial consisting of four conditions: (1) Asian American-white; (2) white-Asian American; (3) African American-white; (4) race of offender and victim unknown. The results suggest that Asian Americans are treated the same as whites, while African Americans continue to suffer from discrimination. Here, we consider the potential ...
Intelligent information retrieval: diagnosing information need. part I. the theoretical framework for developing an intelligent IR tool

Abstract The research examines the notion that the principles underlying the procedure used by doctors to diagnose a patient's disease are useful in the design of “intelligent” IR systems because the task of the doctor is conceptually similar to the computer (or human) intermediary's task in “intelligent information retrieval”: to draw out, through interaction with the IR system, the user's query/information need. The research is reported in two parts. In Part II, an information retrieval tool is described which is based on “intelligent information retrieval” assumptions about the information user. In Part I, presented here, the theoretical framework for the tool is set out. This framework is borrowed from the diagnostic procedure currently used in medicine, called “differential diagnosis”. Because of the severe consequences that attend misdiagnosis, the operating principle in differential diagnosis is (1) to expand the uncertainty in the diagnosis situation so that all possible hypotheses and evidence are considered, then (2) to contract the uncertainty in a step by step fashion (from an examination of the patient's symptoms, through the patient's history and a physical (signs), to laboratory tests). The IR theories of Taylor, Kuhlthau and Belkin are used to demonstrate that these medical diagnosis procedures are already present in IR and that it is a viable model with which to design “intelligent” IR tools and systems.
Asymptomatic Viral Hepatitis Types A and B in an Adolescent Population

Sera from 95 adolescents were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. HBV markers were found in eight adolescents (8%) and evidence of previous HAV infection was found in 18 adolescetits (19%); none had a history of clinically recognizable hepatitis. These findings support the growing evidence that HBV and HAV infections are diseases of the pediatric age group, amid that testing of HBV vaccines when they become available for patient use will have to include a pediatric population.
Higher Education and Multinational Corporations Linkages: Establishing a Mutual Bond. Lessons for China from Redemocratized Hungary

This article examines several issues related to the relationship between higher education institutions and multinational corporations in countries such as Hungary that are undergoing historic economic and political shifts and to discuss implications from the findings for China. The findings suggest that, although Hungary and China differ culturally and in the shift in their political and economic changes, China can benefit from the lessons learned in Hungary.
Sodium channel slow inactivation as a therapeutic target for myotonia congenita.

Objective Patients with myotonia congenita have muscle hyperexcitability due to loss-of-function mutations in the chloride channel in skeletal muscle, which causes spontaneous firing of muscle action potentials (myotonia), producing muscle stiffness. In patients, muscle stiffness lessens with exercise, a change known as the warm-up phenomenon. Our goal was to identify the mechanism underlying warm up and to use this information to guide development of novel therapy.
Modulation of Tubulin Polypeptide Ratios by the Yeast Protein Pac10p

Normal assembly and function of microtubules require maintenance of the proper levels of several proteins, including the tubulin polypeptides themselves. For example, in yeast a significant excess of beta-tubulin causes rapid microtubule disassembly and subsequent cell death. Even the modest excess of beta-tubulin produced by genetic alterations such as deletion of the minor alpha-tubulin gene TUB3 affects cell growth and can confer microtubule phenotypes. We show here that the levels of the yeast protein Pac10p affect the relative levels of the tubulin polypeptides. Cells deleted for PAC10 have the same phenotypes as do cells that express reduced levels of alpha-tubulin or Rbl2p, two proteins that bind beta-tubulin. Conversely, overexpression of Pac10p enhances the ability of alpha-tubulin or Rbl2p to suppress the lethality associated with excess beta-tubulin. However, Pac10p is itself not a beta-tubulin binding protein. Pac10 null cells show a 30% decrease in the ratio of alpha-tubulin to beta-tubulin. The results suggest that Pac10p modulates the level of alpha-tubulin in the cell, and so influences microtubule morphogenesis and tubulin metabolism.
Robustness and ambiguity in continuous time

Abstract We use statistical detection theory in a continuous-time environment to provide a new perspective on calibrating a concern about robustness or an aversion to ambiguity. A decision maker repeatedly confronts uncertainty about state transition dynamics and a prior distribution over unobserved states or parameters. Two continuous-time formulations are counterparts of two discrete-time recursive specifications of Hansen and Sargent (2007) [16] . One formulation shares features of the smooth ambiguity model of Klibanoff et al. (2005) and (2009) [24] , [25] . Here our statistical detection calculations guide how to adjust contributions to entropy coming from hidden states as we take a continuous-time limit.
The optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum of BO2 in the gas phase

Abstract Using 5145 A radiation from an argon ion laser, microwave optical double resonance transitions have been observed among Zeeman-tuned rovibronic sublevels of the X2Π state of BO2. Analysis of the strongest of the observed transitions has permitted a more accurate measurement of the Renner parameter than has previously been possible for the ground state of this molecule.
Vagal tone in generalized anxiety disorder and the effects of aversive imagery and worrisome thinking.

Vagal tone was assessed in 15 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 15 nonanxious control participants during initial baseline, aversive imagery related to worry topics, worrisome thinking, and final baseline. The GAD group showed significantly lower vagal tone at initial baseline and little change over experimental tasks, suggesting the possibility of chronic reduction in parasympathetic tone. Nonanxious participants, on the other hand, displayed significant decreases in vagal tone from baseline to imagery and further reductions from imagery to worrisome thinking. Participants reported greater anxiety during worry than during aversive images but also greater ease of generation and maintenance of the worrisome thoughts. The results support prior theorizing that GAD is characterized by autonomic inflexibility, that this phenomenon is partly due to deficient parasympathetic tone, and that worrisome thinking in particular causes phasic reductions in vagal tone.
Properties of some Euclidean proximity graphs

Abstract Some combinatorial properties of two planar Euclidean proximity graphs, the relatively closest graph and the modified Gabriel graph, are derived. Similar properties are already known for related graphs—the relative neighborhood graph and the Gabriel graph. We also compare analogous properties of several proximity graphs.
The environmental industry in massachusetts: From rapid growth to maturity

While the environmental industry has often been cited as a significant national industry, quantitative data is limited and difficult to replicate (i.e., in order to follow either national or regional industry trends in employment and sales). Since the industry covers such a wide range of industrial classifications, an analysis at the four-digit SIC level is insufficient. In order to begin to remedy this problem, this article defines the industry at the six and eight digit SIC level and analyzes trends in employment and sales in Massachusetts compared to the nation during the latter half of the 1990s. The Massachusetts environmental industry, which ranks seventh in sales and eighth in employment nationally (and second in sales in the consulting and engineering sector) is examined more closely using industry focus groups. The authors reveal that very little change has occurred in the industry as it continues to focus on pollution cleanup as opposed to prevention during the 1990s. There is also evidence of continuing industry consolidation as well as a slowing of growth in sales. As a result of these trends, the main challenges facing the industry are a) developing higher-margin niches to substitute for lower-margin, more standardized pollution cleanup services, and b) keeping the government sector from further internalizing their work in the form of technical assistance to firms engaged in environmental cleanup.
Electronic Ballasts for Metal Halide Lamps

(1988). Electronic Ballasts for Metal Halide Lamps. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 131-140.
The home field advantage: Implications for the pricing of tickets to professional team sporting events

Increasingly, economists are utilizing standard microeconomic analysis in an attempt to better understand the world of professional sports. However, since most of microeconomic theory is based on profit-maximizing behavior, the assumption of profit maximization in the sporting world must first be justified before microeconomists can legitimately apply their tools. In this paper, we have shown that some existing empirical evidence regarding the elasticity of demand for tickets to professional sporting events which, on the surface, seems to raise questions about profit-maximizing ticket pricing policy is not necessarily inconsistent with team profit maximization. We have offered here a theory of team sports ticket pricing, based on the home field advantage, which implies that the traditional price elasticity of demand, measuring the ceteris paribus effect of changing ticket prices on attendance, is less elastic than is the elasticity of demand relevant for team profit maximization. The results of the theoretical analysis generated the prediction that accounting for simultaneity between attendance and team performance would result in a more elastic point estimate of the elasticity of demand for tickets. This hypothesis was supported using data from professional baseball. Moreover, the model generated predictions about how traditional, ceteris paribus elasticities of demand for tickets are likely to vary across different professional team sports. Again, these predictions were consistent with the results of existing empirical work on professional baseball and basketball. Although the assumption of profit-maximization as applied to professional athletics is far from fully vindicated, the results of this work can certainly be used as one piece of evidence for those who continue to use microeconomic theory to better understand the world of professional sport.
Synthesis and structure of an organosamarium aryloxide complex, (C5 Me5)2 Sm(OC6HMe4-2,3,5,6)

Abstract Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)samarium bis- (tetrahydrofuranate), (C5Me5)2Sm(THF)2, reacts with 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenol in toluene to yield (C5Me5)2Sm(OC6HMe4-2,3,5,6). The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c with a = 8.725(3) A, b=18.821(6) A, c=18.461(6) A, β= 111.17(2)°, V = 2827(2) A3 and Dc=1.340 g cm−3 for Z = 4. Molecules of the aryloxide complex are monomeric and exhibit a bent metallocene structure with a nearly linear SmOC(aryloxide) linkage: SmO = 2.13(1) A, OC = 1.29(2) A, and SmOC = 172.3(13)°. Reaction of the samarium complex with phenyllithium produces the previously- characterized species (C5Me5)2Sm(C6H5)(THF).
The essential nature of lysine in the prevention of feather depigmentation of turkey poults.

Abstract 1. 1. l -Proline, l -ornithine, dl -homocitrulline, dl -pipecolic acid, dl -α-aminohexanoic acid, and ϵ-aminocaproic acid were inactive in promoting growth or preventing feather depigmentation of turkey poults deficient in lysine. This indicates that the requirement for lysine is specific. 2. 2. ϵ- N -Acetyl- dl -lysine was utilized approximately 30% as efficiently as dl -lysine in promoting growth of poults. Feather pigmentation was improved somewhat by a high level of the compound.
Tests of the Standard Model in τ decays with CLEO

Abstract Recent results of the CLEO experiment in τ physics are presented. The results shown cover lepton universality, Lorentz-structure, and forbidden τ decays. All results tighten constraints on extensions to the Standard Model.
Hunting for Genes in Computer Data Bases

Hardly a month goes by without a report that some new gene for a human disease has been cloned. Recently, for example, the genes responsible for ataxia–telangiectasia and early-onset Alzheimer's di...
Chemisorption-induced changes in surface magnetism and electronic structure: Oxygen on Ni(110).

The effect of oxygen chemisorption on the Ni minority-spin 3d holes---and thus the Ni magnetic moment---is measured by spin-polarized inverse photoemission. A dramatic reduction of the minority-spin 3d holes is observed, indicating a strong involvement of these states in the chemisorptive bond. This reduction can be explained by a Ni 3d--O 2p interaction which redistributes the density of states; no indication of a reduced exchange splitting is found. Majority-spin sp states are shown to be unchanged at coverages below the onset of nucleation and oxide formation.
James Ewing, MD: Contemporary Oncologist Exemplar: The James Ewing Lecture

First I would like to express my deep thanks and gratitude to the Society of Surgical Oncology for the esteemed privilege of serving as the 39th James Ewing Lecturer. Thirty years ago, I attended my first James Ewing meeting (New York, 1957) as a guest of Jack E. White, MD (Memorial Hospital Fellow, 1949 to 1951), a colleague and one of my mentors. Cornelius P. Rhoads, MD, director of Memorial Hospital, New York, from 1940 to 1959, was the Ewing lecturer that year. Although I did not know Dr James Ewing, I had the opportunity to speak on numerous occasions with his only son, James Halsted Ewing, MD, a friend and medical school classmate of Guy Robbins, MD (Northwestern University, Chicago, 1936). The younger Dr Ewing worked in the Strang Cancer Prevention Clinic when I was a fellow at Memorial Hospital (1957 to 1959). He was also an Amherst College
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a phenotype system to have a factor-union representation

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for determining whether a phenotype system has a factor-union representation, i.e., whether sets of properties (factors) can be assigned to alleles so that the phenotype of each genotype is determined by the union of the factor sets of the alleles. If such a representation is possible, the algorithm can construct one using p or fewer factors, where p is the number of phenotypes. Refinements to the algorithm are presented that often construct representations using few factors. An example is presented to show that some phenotype systems can be represented only by using almost as many factors as there are phenotypes in the system. Finally, it is shown that the problem of finding factor-union representations for multilocus systems reduces to the problem for 1-locus systems.
Nonforward Superconvergence Relations, Higher Symmetries, and Mass Spectra

Superconvergence relations for the reactions $\mathrm{PV}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{PV}$, $\mathrm{PV}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{VV}$, and $\mathrm{VV}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{VV}$ between nonets of pseudoscalar and vector mesons can be saturated at zero momentum transfer with sets of particles corresponding to the representations (6, $\overline{6}$; $l$) of the rest-symmetry group $U(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O(3)$. Every single one of these representations saturates the relations, provided the vertices are invariant under the collinear $U(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}O(2)$ group. The infinite sequence of representations (6, $\overline{6}$; $l$), $l=0, 1, \dots{}$ is then used in order to saturate the nonforward superconvergence relations for the reactions $\mathrm{PV}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{PV}$. For mass spectra ${m}_{l}$ with accumulation points ${{m}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}}^{2}g4{{m}_{0}}^{2}$, it is found that the resulting equations have no nontrivial solution for the coupling constants. This result remains unchanged for an oscillator-like spectrum. The possibility is discussed that mass splitting within the multiplets (6, $\overline{6}0$; $l$) and/or symmetry breaking at the vertices can in principle make a saturation possible. It is argued that an approximate saturation of the amplitudes and a few of their derivatives at $t=0$ with a finite number of resonances may well be reasonable. For higher derivatives the saturation is expected to depend sensitively upon the absorptive parts at higher energies, which are more reasonably described by Regge terms than by direct-channel resonances. The formal saturation of superconvergence relations with mass-degenerate multiplets is discussed briefly.
Microfabricated self-resonant structure as a passive wireless chemical sensor

This paper describes ongoing work to develop a low cost, passive wireless chemical sensor using a microfabricated inductor with interdigitated capacitors (IDC). A self-resonant-structure (SRS) is designed by incorporating IDC electrodes in the inter-winding space of the inductor. The distributed IDC capacitance is affected by dielectric constant and conductivity of its environment or material under test (MUT). This serves as a capacitive transducer changing the resonant frequency of the SRS. The SRS is interrogated using a non-contact inductively coupled reader coil. The shift in resonance frequency of the SRS is used to detect material properties of the environment/MUT. The dielectric constant (e) and conductivity (σ) can be used to provide information about the surrounding environment. The e and the σ are determined by fitting and extraction from circuit models of the IDC. Relationship between sensor layout and coupling factor between sensor and reader is investigated. Optimizations of the coupling factor based on this relationship are discussed. IDC design trade-offs between the sensor's sensitivity and coupling factor are investigated. The sensor's response to variety of liquid MUTs with a wide range of dielectric constant and conductivity is presented.
Calculating the weak scale in supergravity models.

A renormalization framework is presented for calculating radiative SU(2) x U(1) gauge symmetry breaking in no-scale supergravity models. In this framework one naturally incorporates so-called threshold effects due to finite particle masses, without introducing an infrared cutoff scale. In this way it is possible to calculate the weak scale directly in terms of the fundamental parameters of the theory. The conventional way of calculating radiative symmetry breaking, using a renormalization-group (RG) approach, is reviewed, and it is explained why this approach fails to go beyond a leading-logarithmic approximation. It is pointed out that for an adequate calculation of the weak scale one has to include the two-loop leading logarithms and the one-loop calculation has to be performed in the vacuum where SU(2) x U(1) is broken. The new renormalization framework is illustrated by performing a one-loop calculation in the no-scale E/sub 6/ model. Instead of using running parameters, as in the RG approach, all quantities correspond to physical observables in this framework. For the study of radiative symmetry breaking a coupled set of linear algebraic equations is obtained, whose solutions coincide with those of the RG approach to the order of accuracy of the latter method.