cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP49: Subgroup Analysis of Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia in Prevention of Non-Fatal Stroke and Overall Mortality

Background and Purpose: Often in clinical practice, stroke patients with elevated triglycerides more than 150 mg/dl are seen despite being treated with moderate to high-intensity statins and with e...
Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Ultra-Processed Foods (Ready to Eat + Fast Food): Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract Up to the 60% of the Western diet is characterized by consumption of high amounts of Ultra-processed foods (UPFs). From a nutritional standpoint, the high consumption of UPFs, including Fast-foods and Ready-to-Eat (RTE), emerges as a critical topic for public health linking nutritional quality and food safety. In the present work, we provide a systematic database of fatty acids composition of the most consumed UPFs in the US mid-western region. Saturate (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids were predominant in both FF and RTE, while health-beneficial polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were abundant only in seafood meals. Nutritional and non-nutritional attributes were correlated, finding positive correlation between caloric and sodium content. The significance of this study relies on providing new quantitative data for the most consumed UPFs, with the opportunity to define priority interventions for more advanced precision nutrition, especially for vulnerable populations.
Police Perceptions of Police-Involved Overdose Outreach Program Effectiveness:

This study surveys police officers from three New England states to examine the perceptions officers hold toward the effectiveness of police-involved overdose outreach programs, the variables that ...
Lab-on-Chip for Everyone: Introducing an Electronic-Photonic Platform for Multiparametric Biosensing Using Standard CMOS Processes

The recent pandemic has shown that accurate and on-demand information on various infections requires highly versatile, Point-of-Care (PoC) platforms providing diagnostic and prognostic multiparametric information, personalized to each patient. Despite the significant progress made over the last years in various biosensing technologies, existing solutions fail to meet the power and area requirements needed for highly scalable and portable next-generation PoC devices. This work presents a solution based on a first of its kind fully integrated electronic-photonic platform in a zero-change high volume CMOS-SOI process, tailored towards molecular and ultrasound sensing applications. Leveraging co-integration of 10μm micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with on-chip electronics, we address the current needs of scalability, power and area by providing nanophotonic sensing and readout processing on a monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chip (EPSoC). This work unlocks the door towards complete and self-contained Lab-on-Chip (LoC) systems, capable of providing multiparametric biosensing information.
Games Without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity

Contents: Introduction: Stillborn in the USA?. Tradition and Modernity in European Football: Exporting football: notes on the development of Football in Europe Austrification as modernisation: changes in Viennese football culture We are Celtic supporters... : questions of football and identity in modern Scotland From Saint-Etienne To Marseilles: tradition and modernity in French soccer and society The drive to modernization and the supermarket imperative: who needs a new football stadium? Identities: Local, Ethnic, National: Rangers is a black club : race , identity and local football in England Football and identity in the Ruhr: the case of Schalke 04 Wogball : ethnicity and violence in Australian soccer Masculinity and football: the formation of national identity in Argentina The stars and the flags: individuality, collective identities and the national dimension in Italia '90 and Wimbledon '91 and '92. Subcultures of opposition: New supporter cultures and identity in France: the case of Paris Saint-Germain False Leeds: the construction of hooligan confrontations Keep it in the Family : an outline of Hibs' football hooligans social ontology The birth of the ultras : the rise of football hooliganism in Italy.
Proteins in Food: An Introduction

Proteins are the most abundant molecules in cells, making up 50 % or more of their dry weight. Every protein has a unique structure and conformation or shape, which enables it to carry out a specific function in a living cell. Proteins comprise the complex muscle system and the connective tissue network, and they are important as carriers in the blood system. All enzymes are proteins; enzymes are important as catalysts for many reactions (both desirable and undesirable) in foods.
Decreased intracellular zinc in human tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells: a possible role in prostate cancer progression

Background Zinc plays important roles in maintaining normal function of the prostate and in development of prostate malignancy. It has been demonstrated that prostate malignant epithelial cells contain much less cellular zinc than the surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the pathway(s) which leads to lower zinc accumulation in malignant prostate epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, the zinc homeostatic features of two human prostate epithelial cell lines (non-tumorigenic, RWPE1, and tumorigenic, RWPE2) were investigated. Effects of over-expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also studied.
Micromechanics of compression failures in open hole composite laminates

The local softening in the damage zone that precedes compression failures in laminates with holes was modeled using a Dugdale-type approach, and the calculated load to damage-size relationships were compared to the actual data obtained in two composite systems, AS4/PEEK and T2C145/F155, loaded to compression. The comparison indicates that the Dugdale model, which works well for metals, did not accurately predict the load-damage zone size relationship in these specimens. Possible reasons for the poor agreement are considered to be the fact that the constitutive relationship used in the Dugdale model is not an accurate description of material response in the crush zone, and the fact that the crush zone size is measured on the surface of the specimen, while this size is not an accurate indication of the actual crush zone size through the laminate.
Standard Templates Adaptive Parallel Library (STAPL)

STAPL (Standard Adaptive Parallel Library) is a parallel C++ library designed as a superset of the STL, sequentially consistent for functions with the same name, and executes on uni- or multiprocessors. STAPL is implemented using simple parallel extensions of C++ which provide a SPMD model of parallelism supporting recursive parallelism. The library is intended to be of generic use but emphasizes irregular, non-numeric programs to allow the exploitation of parallelism in areas such as geometric modeling or graph algorithms which use dynamic linked data structures. Each library routine has several different algorithmic options, and the choice among them will be made adaptively based on a performance model, statistical feedback, and current run-time conditions. Built{in performance monitors can measure actual performance and, using an extension of the BSP model predict the relative performance of the algorithmic choices for each library routine. STAPL is intended to possibly replace STL in a user transparent manner and run on small to medium scale shared memory multiprocessors which support OpenMP.
Large Scale Structure and Inflation

Recent observations of the large scale distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies are contrasted with predictions of models for the formation of such structures (primarily n-body simulations) based on the inflationary paradigm of Ω = unity. The combined set of observations are not easily matched by any single model and many of the observations favor low Ω universes. While the failure to match the observations of galaxies and clusters is not conclusive, it strongly suggests that the simplest, Ω = 1, Λ = 0 models are incorrect.
Using fuzzy logic in high level control functions

Most literature on fuzzy control deals with the use of fuzzy rules to implement low-level control functions, such as nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type control. This paper discusses various ways that fuzzy logic can be used in high-level control functions. Specifically, we examine the use of fuzzy logic for supervisory control, for classifying the operating environment, for process modeling and optimization, and for expressing controller performance metrics. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate the use of fuzzy logic to provide new control functions that are outside the domain of traditional control.
Job Opportunities in Foreign Firms and Internal Migration in Vietnam

Using the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey and the 2004 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey, this paper investigates the role of employment opportunities created by foreign-owned firms as a determinant of internal migration and destination choice. Multinomial logit and conditional logit models are estimated to study both origin-and destination-specific characteristics of migrants. The paper finds that the migration response to foreign job opportunities is larger for female workers than male workers; there appears to be intermediate selection in terms of educational attainment; and migrating individuals tend to go to destinations with higher foreign employment opportunities, even when controlling for income differentials, land differentials and distances between sending and receiving areas.
Primary care, self-rated health, and reductions in social disparities in health.

Numerous studies at both individual and ecological levels have established the salutary effect of primary care and shown its positive association with health outcomes (Starfield 1992, 1994, 1998; Institute of Medicine 1994; Shi 1992, 1994, 1995; Politzer et al. 1991; Bindman, Grumback, and Osmond 1996; Roos 1979; Greenfield, Rogers, and Mangotich 1995; Green 1996; Grumbach 1996; Donaldson and Vanselow 1996). Recent studies at both U.S. state and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area have further demonstrated that primary care attenuates the adverse impact of income inequality on population health, as measured by life expectancy, age-adjusted mortality, and leading causes of death (Shi et al. 1999; Shi and Starfield 2000, 2001). The latter studies measured primary care as the number of primary-care specialty physicians who were in active office-based patient care per ten thousand civilian population, or primary-care physician-to-population ratio. The primary-care specialties included family practice and general practice, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics. While there is no doubt that these physician specialties in the United States are primarily engaged in primary care, this measure of primary care availability does not necessarily reflect the adequate practice of primary care and cannot distinguish differences in primary-care quality among primary-care physicians. The current study measures primary care by the achievement of its functions and examines the extent to which good primary-care experience attenuates the adverse association of income inequality with self-reported health. Our underlying assumption is that actual experiences with receipt of primary care are a better measure of the contribution of primary care than the simple presence of primary-care physicians. Using measures of primary-care experiences would provide a more definitive conclusion about whether and to what extent primary care moderates the adverse association of income inequality with health.
Hypothalamic Secretion of Dopamine after Inhibition of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Activity*

An accumulation of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the median eminence of female rats treated with 3- hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015), an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) activity, was associated with a decreased concentration of dopamine in the median eminence and a pronounced reduction in the release of dopamine into hypophysial portal blood. The amount of dopamine released during 1 h into hypophysial portal blood of vehicletreated rats represented 18% of the amount of DOPA that accumulated in 1 h in the median eminence of rats treated with NSD 1015. The reduction in the concentration of dopamine in the plasma of blood from a single hypophysial portal vessel after the inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase activity was associated with a concomitant increase in the concentration of PRL in the plasma of arterial blood. In contrast to that of dopamine, the concentration of norepinephrine as well as the concentration of epinephrine in hypophysial portal plasma was the sam...
An analysis of critical information technology issues facing organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the views of top financial executives on the information systems (IS) in their organizations and to study the critical information technology issues facing organizations. Specifically, it aims to study critical issues over the period 2006 to 2010, as well as the effect of company size on the criticality of issue.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses an analysis of secondary data obtained from the 2006 and 2010 Financial Executives International (FEI) comprehensive survey‐based research on technology issues for financial executives. The study was conducted by the FEI and in conjunction with Computer Sciences Corporation in 2006. Factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other statistical methods are used.Findings – The findings confirm critical issues that are facing organizations today. The study also finds that company size generally does not play a significant role in the criticality of information technology (IT) issues and that gene...
MicroRNAs in the ontogeny of leukemias and lymphomas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with post-transcriptional regulatory functions. Their role in normal hematopoiesis is being elucidated by an increasing number of studies, revealing specific variations of the miRNome (defined as the full complement of miRNAs in a genome) during the commitment and development of the hematological stem cells in the different lineages. Aberrancies of the normal miRNome have also been well documented in almost all hematological malignancies, suggesting, in most cases, specific miRNA-signatures. Intriguingly, some of the miRNA-expression abnormalities described in leukemias and lymphomas can be interpreted on the basis of the miRNome variations during normal hematologic ontogeny, revealing their origin from the particular differentiation stage in which the hematopoietic differentiation has been 'frozen' in the malignancy.
Images of Jupiter from the pioneer 10 and pioneer 11 infrared radiometers: A comparison with visible and 5-μm images

All of the data acquired at Jupiter by the Infrared Radiometers on board Pioneers 10 and 11 are presented in the form of images with geometric control. The images are compared with 5-μm and visible images taken in the same time frame. The association of dark (blue or brown) and light (white or red) areas with warm and cool areas (at 5, 20, and 45 μm) respectively, extends to nearly all features observed on the planet. Where the normal association of light and dark visible markings with the zonal velocity breaks down (e.g., at the latitude of the South Equatorial Belt during the Pioneer encounters), the infrared emission seems to follow the visible cloud structure rather than the zonal velocity structure. Exceptions to the general rule involve 20-μm radiation, which reflects conditions in the altitude range 0.1–0.3 bar. For example, a comparison between Pioneer 10 and 11 images suggests that the South Equatorial Belt became brighter at 20 μm, but remained constant at other wavelengths between the two encounters.
Experiments on Magnetoelastic Buckling in a Superconducting Torus

A 16 coil superconducting torus is used to study magnetoelastic instabilities in a set of current carrying elastic rings. The torus is a 1/75th model of a proposed magnetic fusion reactor. Up to 130 KA-turns were placed in the 30-cm-dia torus. Three different lateral constraint conditions on the elastic magnets are discussed. Both dynamic and static methods are used to determine the critical buckling currents. The coils are observed to pair up during buckling. A series of snap-type instabilities were observed near the critical buckling current for the lowest mode. A fair to good comparison between experimental and theoretical values of the buckling currents for all three modes is obtained when tension stiffening corrections are included.
"I Finally Felt Like I Had Power": Student Agency and Voice in an Online and Classroom-Based Role-Play Simulation.

This article presents an educational action research study examining how one online, classroom-based role-play simulation offers middle school students the opportunity to strengthen their agency and voice. The Jewish Court of All Time (JCAT) is a web-mediated simulation designed for middle school classrooms where students take on roles of various characters throughout the world, history and literature to address an imaginary court case. JCAT is meant to develop students’ skills in writing, critical thinking, perspective-taking, historical empathy and communication, as well as subject literacy in social, historical and cultural contexts. Our research question focuses on how JCAT further encourages and supports the middle school students’ agency and voice. We examine how students exercise their agency and voice both in the online environment and in accompanying classroom activities. As an educational action research study, we focus on simulations in which at least one of the authors was a participant, and also pay special attention to how our findings can enhance future simulations. Findings suggest that students constructed knowledge of democratic ideals and were able to exercise their agency and voice specifically, both in the online environment and in accompanying classroom activities. Keywords: democratic education; empowerment; middle school; educational simulations; social studies (Published: 23 March 2015) Citation : Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23 : 25569 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.25569
Bi2212 c-Axis Twist Bicrystal and Artificial and Natural Cross-Whisker Josephson Junctions: Strong Evidence for s-Wave Superconductivity and Incoherent c-Axis Tunneling

We discuss the latest data from c-axis twist Josephson junction experiments on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O\(_{8+\delta}\) (Bi2212) bicrystals and on artificially and naturally formed cross whiskers. All three experiments provide strong evidence for a dominant s-wave order parameter for \(T\le T_{\rm c}\). The bicrystal and natural cross-whisker data also provide strong evidence for incoherent c-axis tunneling across the intrinsic Bi2212 junctions, consistent with a strongly inhomogeneous material.
A Multifunctional Tetrametallic Ru−Pt Supramolecular Complex Exhibiting Both DNA Binding and Photocleavage

A new tetrametallic supramolecular complex, [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)PtCl2](PF6)6 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine), has been prepared and characterized. This supramolecular assembly is multifunctional, forming coordinate covalent bonds to DNA through its cis-PtCl2 moiety and photocleaving DNA through its Ru polypyridine chromophores. Electronic absorption spectroscopy shows ligand-based pi-->pi* transitions in the UV with Ru-based metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions throughout much of the visible. The Ru-->dpp CT transitions center at 542 nm (eta = 35 000 M-1 cm-1). This complex has a HOMO localized on peripheral Ru with E(1/2)oxd = 1.58 V vs Ag/AgCl, and a LUMO based on the mu-dpp connecting Ru and Pt, E(1/2)red = -0.40 V. Gel electrophoresis analysis shows the tetrametallic coordinates to pUC18 DNA and, when excited with visible light, cleaves DNA through an oxygen-mediated pathway.
Who said that? Status presentation in media accounts of the animal experimentation debate.

In recent years, the issue of experimentation upon nonhuman animals has become the subject of media attention. One aspect of the media presentation is the status attributed to claims-makers on either side of the issue. Research suggests that perceived expertise of the source of arguments can play a role in attitudes formed by audiences. This study examines mainstream print and broadcast media presentation of the status of individuals quoted regarding the issue of animal experimentation. Those supporting continued experimentation are significantly more likely to be presented as professionals or experts. Attitude formation is discussed in light of these findings.
Laser-based carbon dioxide monitoring instrument testing during a 30-day controlled underground carbon release field experiment

Abstract The performance of two laser-based instruments for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) monitoring was tested during a controlled release experiment performed at the zero emissions research and technology (ZERT) controlled release facility. The first instrument measures path-integrated CO 2 concentrations above ground in two orthogonal directions using a continuous-wave, temperature-tunable, distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser with a center wavelength of 2.003 μm. The second instrument also uses a continuous-wave temperature-tunable DFB laser to deliver light via fiber optics to three underground sensors. Two underground sensors utilize absorption cells of 0.3 and 1 m lengths that are buried 1 m apart approximate 0.75 m above the underground release pipe. The third underground sensor utilizes a photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber as part of a fiber optic sensor. A 0.3 tCO 2 /day controlled release was conducted from July 9 to August 7, 2008. The two instruments were able to distinguish the elevated CO 2 concentration associated with the CO 2 injection.
A region in the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit important in holoprotein formation and receptor binding

Using site-directed mutagenesis of the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit, we have shown that single replacements of Ala36 and Pro38 with Glu and Asp, respectively, result in mutant subunits that do not bind significantly to hCG beta. In contrast, the replacement of Lys44 with Ala did not interfere with hCG beta binding, but the resulting holoprotein failed to exhibit high affinity binding to the LH/CG receptor. These results in conjunction with other data suggest that the region of human alpha between positions 33-45 contains several amino acid residues that participate in subunit binding and others that function in receptor binding.
Results after pancreatic resection for metastatic lesions.

Unlike primary pancreatic carcinoma, isolated metastatic lesions to the pancreas are uncommon. Although the value of surgical resection is poorly documented, resection may be deemed appropriate in selected cases. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the operative management of pancreatic metastases Sixteen patients who underwent pancreatic resection for the treatment of metastatic disease were identified from a prospective pancreatic database. The clinical features of and results after resection were examined. Renal cell carcinoma was the most frequent primary histopathology (10 of 16; 62%). In the remaining patients, the primary histopathology was non-small-cell lung cancer (n=3), sarcoma (n=1), melanoma (n=1), or transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (n=1). A prolonged disease-free interval (median, 7.5 years) was characteristic of most patients. Operative procedures performed included eight pancreaticoduodenectomies, seven distal pancreatectomies, and one total pancreatectomy. The operative mortality was 6%, and the morbidity was 25%. The overall 2- and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 62% and 25%, respectively. A trend toward improved survival was observed in the renal cell carcinoma patients, but this finding was not statistically significant. Long-term survival after pancreatic resection for metastatic disease is achievable, and patients with primary renal cell carcinoma seem to have a more favorable prognosis. Surgical resection should thus be offered to selected patients with isolated metastatic disease to the pancreas.
Biochemical and Structural Effects of Rigor Mortis-Accelerating Treatments in Broiler Pectoralis

Abstract This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of two selected rigor mortis-accelerating treatment systems employed in the prevention of the toughness associated with early-harvested (1 h post-mortem) broiler Pectoralis muscle. The treatments included 14 min of low voltage electrical stimulation (110 V, 1 A, pulsing 1 s on and 1 s off) combined with high temperature conditioning (39 C) and muscle tensioning (LV + HTC + MT); a 15-s high voltage stimulation (440 V, 1 A pulsing 2 s on and 1 s off) combined with muscle tensioning (HV + MT); and a control simulating commercial broiler processing practices. The rigor-accelerating treatments reduced pH and increased R-value (inosine:adenosine ratio) at 1 h post-mortem, but only the LV + HTC + MT treatment reduced sarcomere shortening. Both rigor treatments reduced the amount of measurable myofibrillar fragmentation. Cathepsin B and B + L activities were not affected by the rigor treatments. Calpain I activity was not detectable in any 24-h post-mortem sample. Calpain II activity at 24 h post-mortem was greater in muscles receiving HV + MT than from the LV + HTC + MT or control carcasses, but was reduced in all muscles by 24 h postmortem. An SDS-PAGE indicated a 30-kDa polypeptide that was absent at death and appeared in control and LV + HTC + MT muscles but to a lesser extent in HV + MT muscles. These results suggested that the LV + HTC + MT treatment has a greater tenderizing effect than the HV + MT treatment because the former achieves a better balance between reduced sarcomere shortening and myofibrillar fragmentation.
Effect of emergency physician-performed pelvic sonography on length of stay in the emergency department.

Abstract Study objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of emergency physician-performed pelvic sonography (EPPPS) and its effect on length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department. Methods: The study involved a prospective observational convenience sample of women in early pregnancy requiring ED pelvic ultrasound evaluation. Differences in LOS were analyzed with the use of the the Mann-Whitney test, with EPPPS and consultation status as classification variables. Results were stratified by diagnosis to identify patient subsets in which EPPPS had the greatest impact. A multivariate model was used to determine the independent associations of EPPPS and consultation status with LOS. Results: Among 115 pregnant patients, those who underwent EPPPS had a decreased median LOS compared with those who received pelvic sonography administered by radiologists or obstetrics-gynecology consultants (60 versus 180 minutes; P P P Conclusion: Pelvic ultrasound performed by emergency physicians after a brief period of training shortens ED LOS in women in early pregnancy, particularly in those with viable IUPs. This practice appears to be sensitive, specific, and safe. [Shih CHY: Effect of emergency physician-performed pelvic sonography on length of stay in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med March 1997;29:348-352.]
Acute toxicity of citrinin in turkeys and ducklings.

Summary Citrinin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin, was dissolved in dimethyl‐sulphoxide ‐ 70% ethanol (3:1, v/v) and administered orally in two trials to 7‐day‐old male turkey poults and male white Pekin ducklings. The single dose LD50 value in 7‐day‐old male turkey poults was 56 mg/kg and in 7‐day‐old male white Pekin ducklings it was 57 mg/kg. The mycotoxin was nephrotoxic in both species, but the renal lesions were more severe in turkeys and were characterised by degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium. In turkeys, lesions were found in the liver and included hepatic cell necrosis and biliary hyperplasia. Lymphoid necrosis with depletion involved the thymus and cloacal bursa of turkeys and ducklings. These latter lesions were the most prominent histopathological alterations in citrinin‐treated ducklings.
The deep subsurface biosphere in igneous ocean crust: frontier habitats for microbiological exploration.

We discuss ridge flank environments in the ocean crust as habitats for subseafloor microbial life. Oceanic ridge flanks, areas far from the magmatic and tectonic influence of seafloor spreading, comprise one of the largest and least explored microbial habitats on the planet. We describe the nature of the ridge flank crustal environments, and present a framework for delineating a continuum of conditions and processes that are likely to be important for defining subseafloor microbial "provinces." The basis for this framework is three governing sets of conditions that help to determine the nature of subseafloor biomes: crustal age, extent of fluid flow, and thermal state. We present a brief overview of subseafloor conditions, within the context of these three characteristics, for five field sites where microbial studies have been done, are underway, or have been proposed. Technical challenges remain and likely will limit progress in studies of microbial ridge-flank ecosystems, which is why it is vital to select and design future studies so as to leverage as much general understanding as possible. A characterization framework such as presented in this paper, perhaps including alternative or additional physical or chemical characteristics, is essential for achieving the greatest benefit from multidisciplinary microbial investigations of the oceanic ridge flanks.
Systemic complement depletion reduces inflammation and demyelination in adoptive transfer experimental allergic neuritis

The effect of systemic complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) was evaluated in adoptive transfer experimental allergic neuritis (AT-EAN). Spleen cells of rats immunized with a neuritogenic peptide SP26 were injected into naive rats. On days 3 and 6 after cell transfer AT-EAN rats were treated with CVF or saline intraperitoneally. AT-EAN rats treated with CVF had significantly lower scores for histological inflammation (0.25 ± 0.25 vs 1.9 ± 0.4, mean ± SEM, P < 0.03) and demyelination (0.13 ± 0.13 vs 1.6 ± 1.4, P < 0.02) than saline-treated AT-EAN rats. Immunocytochemistry of lumbosacral nerve roots showed significantly less ED1-positive macrophages (0.5 ± 0.3 vs 1.6 ± 0.6, P < 0.04) and CD11bc-positive (expressing complement receptor 3 or CR3) inflammatory cells (0.6 ± 0.4 vs 1.7 ± 0.5, P < 0.03). Our data suggest that complement plays a crucial role in inflammatory demyelination since systemic complement depletion significantly reduces recruitment of macrophages into the nerve and subsequent macrophage-mediated demyelination.
Crystal Structures of Nucleosome Core Particles in Complex with Minor Groove DNA-binding Ligands

We determined the crystal structures of three nucleosome core particles in complex with site-specific DNA-binding ligands, the pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. While the structure of the histone octamer and its interaction with the DNA remain unaffected by ligand binding, nucleosomal DNA undergoes significant structural changes at the ligand-binding sites and in adjacent regions to accommodate the ligands. Our findings suggest that twist diffusion occurs over long distances through tightly bound nucleosomal DNA. This may be relevant to the mechanism of ATP-dependent and spontaneous nucleosome translocation, and to the effect of bound factors on nucleosome dynamics.
The supernova envelope shock origin of cosmic rays — A review

Abstract The hydrodynamic shock origin of cosmic rays in the envelope of a Type I presupernova star is reviewed. The spectrum produced by the relativistic hydrodynamic shock is one power of E steeper than observed and so is unlikely to be the primary source of cosmic rays. On the other hand the possibility of accelerating ultrahigh energy particles to ≳ 1018 eV is unique to the shock mechanism and currently no other suggested galactic or extragalactic site is likely. The nonrelativistic hydrodynamic supernova explosion shock becomes relativistic at an external mass fraction of (1-F) = 3 × 10−6 of the star that is composed primarily of helium plus heavier nuclei. The resulting ejected relativistic energy, (1-F) MΘ c2 ≅ 6 × 1048 ergs per SNI is roughly 1 5 that necessary to explain the Galactic cosmic ray energy. The resulting spectrum becomes, N(>E) ∝ (1-F) ∝ E−2.5, steeper than E−1.6 observed. The heavy nuclei are partially spalled in the shock transition and partially resynthesized in the postshock expansion for E ≲ 1015 eV dependent upon the large number of pairs in the post-shock fluid. Above this energy the shock progresses in the magnetized photosphere. The high energy limit is ≅ 1021 eV due to the coronal density of the presupernova star. The objection to SN shock accelerated cosmic rays by adiabatic deceleration is questioned on the basis of the Alfven wave scattering conditions. Ultrahigh energy particles escape because the wave excitation energy density is too low in the dimension of many Larmor radii necessary for scattering back to the SN remnant. Others escape if the energy density is too high. For all others between these two limits the immediately following matter of lower velocity and greater mass compresses and energizes previously trapped highe renergy particles, allowing them to escape at energies still higher than originally shock ejected from the supernova. The so-called piston that drives the envelope shock is the same, i.e. the SN bulk ejected matter, or total kinetic energy of the ejecta of (≅ 2 × 1051 ergs) as drives the ISM plasma shock. The efficiency for the envelope shock is (CR energy)/(bulk energy) ≅ 1 300 . For the Alfven wave ISM shock to have this same efficiency requires that the spectrum of nonrelativistic particles, E > 100 keV, vshock ≅ 3 × 108 cm s−1, is flatter than N(>E) ∝ E−1.62, which is predicted. If there are greater loses in the ISM from the plasma shock such as electron and ion heating and bulk kinetic energy or a steeper nonrelativistic spectrum, the hydrodynamic envelope ejecta would be larger.
Use It or Lose It!: Results of a Use Study of the Print Sources in an Academic Library reference collection.

This article describes a use study of a reference collection, which found that 7.1% of total volumes in the reference collection were used over the course of the fall semester.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) INHIBITS NITRIC OXIDE (NO) PRODUCTION BY PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMC). † 2018

INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) INHIBITS NITRIC OXIDE (NO) PRODUCTION BY PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (PASMC). † 2018
Low magnitude transformation of estradiol to estrone in human endometrium

Abstract 1. 1. The human endometrium estradiol dehydrogenase has been shown to function at magnitudes significantly lower than those in which estradiol binding has been examined. Quantities as low as 0.0075 fmole have been shown to be transformed to 0.006 fmole of estione in 1 min by 1 mg of tissue. 2. 2. In sonicated preparations, transformation of estradiol to estrone is enhanced by NAD + and NADP + . NADPH does not influence the reverse reaction. 3. 3. The dehydrogenase appears to be cold sensitive, conforming to the observations of Jarabak et al. (Jarabak, J., Seeds, A. S., Jr and Talahay, P., (1966) Biochemistry 5, 1269) with the placental estrogen dehydrogenase.
Influence of dietary fatty acids on membrane properties and enzyme activities of liver mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats

Studies are reported on the effects of diets containing fatty supplements with (A) a high concentration of arachidonate (46% concentrate of ethyl arachidonate), (B) a high concentration of linoleate (corn oil), and (C) an essential fatty acid deficient, fully saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil) upon lipid composition, membrane permeability, and enzyme activities of liver mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats. The fatty supplements produced differences in the fatty acid composition of the liver mitochondria; hypophysectomy, in addition, influenced the neutral and phospholipid composition. Permeability, indicated by swelling properties, correlated generally with the degree of unsaturation and essential fatty acid content of the lipid of the mitochondria of the normal animals. The fatty supplements also influenced the enzyme acitivites of the mitochondria of the normal animals. The mitochondria of the hypophysectomized animals were less responsive to the differences in the dietary fat in both their swelling properties and enzyme activities. Although the relationship was complex, it appeared that the hypophysis was involved in the functions of essential fatty acids in liver mitochondria.
Coincidence of the Isbell and fine Isbell topologies

Abstract Let C ( X , Y ) be the set of all continuous functions from a topological space X into a topological space Y . We find conditions on X that make the Isbell and fine Isbell topologies on C ( X , Y ) equal for all Y . For zero-dimensional spaces X , we show there is a space Z such that the coincidence of the Isbell and fine Isbell topologies on C ( X , Z ) implies the coincidence on C ( X , Y ) for all Y . We then consider the question of when the Isbell and fine Isbell topologies coincide on the set of continuous real-valued functions. Our results are similar to results established for consonant spaces.
PREDICTING TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN RESPONSE TO TRANSIT SERVICE CHANGES

This paper reports the development of a simplified form of the multinomial logit model and its application to the prediction of travel mode shares for a range of transit service changes. An earlier version of this model, the incremental logit model, can be applied to the prediction of transit ridership changes in response to improvement in an existing transit mode. This paper describes an extended version of the incremental logit model which can be used when a new transit service is introduced. Further, this extension is formulated so that it may be applied with the nested logit model as well as the more commonly used non‐nested model. The extended incremental logit model provides the capability to predict the ridership impact of transit introduction or service changes using only information on existing mode shares and changes in transit service. A simple example is presented to illustrate the application of this model.
Comparative hemodynamic effects of propofol and thiamylal sodium during anesthetic induction for myocardial revascularization

Abstract The safety and efficacy of propofol, a new intravenous anesthetic agent, have been demonstrated in healthy patients. Twenty-one patients, ASA III–IV, undergoing elective myocardial revascularization, were randomly chosen to receive either propofol, 2.5 mg/kg, or thiamylal, 4 mg/kg, for the induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamics were recorded at one and three minutes after drug administration during spontaneous respiration. After the addition of halothane and pancuronium with controlled ventilation, measurements were made immediately prior to and one minute after intubation. Five patients were dropped from the study, four due to airway problems and one due to severe hypotension following an induction dose of propofol. Statistics were done using data from the remaining 16 patients, eight in each group. Administration of propofol resulted in significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and left ventricular stroke work index ILVSWI); as well as an increase in heart rate (HR). These changes were further accentuated by the addition of halothane and pancuronium prior to intubation. Patients in the thiamylal group experienced no significant hemodynamic changes until halothane and pancuronium were added and controlled ventilation was instituted. With these additions, the thiamylal group showed significant decreases in MAP and LVSWI immediately prior to intubation. Both groups experienced significant increases in HR following intubation, but no evidence of myocardial ischemia was seen in either group. All other parameters returned toward control values. Propofol appeared to be safe and effective for the induction of anesthesia in this group of patients, although its hemodynamic effects were greater than those of thiamylal.
A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system

Multiprojection imaging is a technique in which a plurality of digital radiographic images of the same patient are acquired within a short interval of time from slightly different angles. Information from each image is combined to determine the final diagnosis. Projection data are either reconstructed into slices as in the case of tomosynthesis or analyzed directly as in the case of multiprojection correlation imaging technique, thereby avoiding reconstruction artifacts. In this study, the authors investigated the optimum geometry of acquisitions of a multiprojection breast correlation imaging system in terms of the number of projections and their total angular span that yield maximum performance in a task that models clinical decision. Twenty-five angular projections of each breast from 82 human subjects in our breast tomosynthesis database were each supplemented with a simulated 3 mm mass. An approach based on Laguerre–Gauss channelized Hotelling observer was developed to assess the detectability of the mass in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Two methodologies were developed to integrate results from individual projections into one combined ROC curve as the overall figure of merit. To optimize the acquisition geometry, different components of acquisitions were changed to investigate which one of the many possible configurations maximized the area under the combined ROC curve. Optimization was investigated under two acquisition dose conditions corresponding to a fixed total dose delivered to the patient and a variable dose condition, based on the number of projections used. In either case, the detectability was dependent on the number of projections used, the total angular span of those projections, and the acquisition dose level. In the first case, the detectability approximately followed a bell curve as a function of the number of projections with the maximum between 8 and 16 projections spanning angular arcs of about 23°−45°, respectively. In the second case, the detectability increased with the number of projections approaching an asymptote at 11–17 projections for an angular span of about 45°. These results indicate the inherent information content of the multiprojection image data reflecting the relative role of quantum and anatomical noise in multiprojection breast imaging. The optimization scheme presented here may be applied to any multiprojection imaging modalities and may be extended by including reconstruction in the case of digital breast tomosynthesis and breast computed tomography.
Localization and characterization of neuropeptide Y/peptide YY receptors in the brain of the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis)

Multiple receptor subtypes specific for the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/peptide Y (PYY) family of peptides exist in mammals, but little is known about the distribution of this receptor family in other vertebrates. Saturable binding sites for 125I-labeled porcine PYY were localized in frozen sections of the brain of the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis) by radioligand binding and autoradiography. Saturable 125I-porcine PYY binding sites were distributed widely in the cerebral hemispheres, optic lobes, hypothalamus, cerebellum and hindbrain. Binding was saturable, specific for PYY and related peptides, and of high affinity (Kd = 2.53 nM). The specificity of the binding site was analyzed by performing competitive inhibition experiments with nonradioactive PYY, NPY, and [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY and NPY13-36, synthetic peptide analogs specific for the mammalian Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes, respectively. Saturable 125I-porcine PYY binding sites in all regions of the dogfish brain closely resembled the mammalian Y1 NPY receptor subtype in specificity for these substances. There was no evidence for expression of multiple receptor subtypes. We conclude that a single receptor specific for the NPY/PYY family of peptides is widely expressed in the smooth dogfish brain and that this receptor closely resembles the mammalian Y1 receptor subtype, suggesting that the Y1 receptor is the ancestral receptor in this family.
Alteration of precocene II-induced hepatotoxicity by modulation of hepatic glutathione levels.

Abstract Precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b]pyran), an insect growth regulator that is structurally related to several naturally occuring carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic alkenylbenzenes, is genotoxic and produces hepatic centrolobular necrosis in rats. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of modulation of hepatic glutathione levels on the toxicity of precocene II. Administration of a toxic dose of precocene II (175 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats rapidly depleted hepatic GSH, produced histopathological changes in the liver, and induced increases in serum aminotransferase activity. Concurrent administration of the cysteine pro-drug l -2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) prevented these toxic effects of precocene II. In contrast, pretreatment of rats with dl -buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, potentiated the toxicity of an otherwise non-toxic dose of precocene II (100 mg/kg). These results indicate that glutathione is important for protection from precocene II-induced hepatotoxicity.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory: An Astronomical Facility Available to the World

The Chandra X-ray observatory, one of NASA's "Great Observatories," provides high angular and spectral resolution X-ray data which is freely available to all. In this review I describe the instruments on chandra along with their current calibration, as well as the chandra proposal system, the freely-available Chandra analysis software package CIAO, and the Chandra archive. As Chandra is in its 6th year of operation, the archive already contains calibrated observations of a large range of X-ray sources. The Chandra X-ray Center is committed to assisting astronomers from any country who wish to use data from the archive or propose for observations
Intimate partner homicide: review and implications of research and policy

Current rates of intimate partner homicide of females are approximately 4 to 5 times the rate for male victims, although the rates for both have decreased during the past 25 years. The major risk factor for intimate partner homicide, no matter if a female or male partner is killed, is prior domestic violence. This review presents and critiques the evidence supporting the other major risk factors for intimate partner homicide in general, and for intimate partner homicide of women (femicide) in particular, namely guns, estrangement, stepchild in the home, forced sex, threats to kill, and nonfatal strangulation (choking). The demographic risk factors are also examined and the related phenomena of pregnancy-related homicide, attempted femicide, and intimate partner homicide-suicide