cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training guidelines for neural networks to estimate stability regions

This paper presents new results on the use of neural networks to estimate stability regions for autonomous nonlinear systems. In contrast to model-based analytical methods, this approach uses empirical data from the system to train the neural network. A method is developed to generate confidence intervals for the regions identified by the trained neural network. The neural network results are compared with estimates obtained by previously proposed methods for a standard two-dimensional example.
An error coding for satellite channels with interference

The authors discuss the results of an investigation into improved error correction coding for satellite channels experiencing adjacent and cochannel interference, which constitute a nonstationary, non-Gaussian noise environment. The codes under study are those achieved by concatenation of a convolutional code and a Reed-Solomon code. Test results in the Gaussian channel showed geometrical error-length probability mass functions from a convolutional decoder. In the interference channel, test results showed a bimodal error-length mass function. It is shown that the amount of burst errors in either the geometrical or bimodal functions is proportional to the ratio of noise power density in the receiver and the receiver's phase-lock loop, respectively. >
Oxidative stress in response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing: influence of exercise training and carnitine supplementation

The purpose of this study is to compare the oxidative stress response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing, and to determine the impact of exercise training with or without glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) in attenuating the oxidative stress response. Thirty-two subjects were assigned (double blind) to placebo, GPLC-1 (1g PLC/d), GPLC-3 (3g PLC/d) for 8 weeks, plus aerobic exercise. Aerobic (graded exercise test: GXT) and anaerobic (Wingate cycle) power tests were performed before and following the intervention. Blood was taken before and immediately following exercise tests and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and xanthine oxidase activity (XO). No interaction effects were noted. MDA was minimally effected by exercise but lower at rest for both GPLC groups following the intervention (p = 0.044). A time main effect was noted for H2O2 (p = 0.05) and XO (p = 0.003), with values increasing from pre- to postexercise. Both aerobic and anaerobic power testing increase oxidative stress to a similar extent. Exercise training plus GPLC can decrease resting MDA, but it has little impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress biomarkers.
Immune responses in mothers of term and preterm very-low-birth-weight infants.

Differences in the levels of immune cell subsets present in peripheral blood have been demonstrated based on sociodemographic factors such as age and race. Postpartal women, who are recovering from the immune changes that are concomitant with pregnancy, have lymphocyte and monocyte values that differ from other populations. A subgroup of postpartal women, mothers who deliver preterm very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) (<1,500 g) infants, may have further differences in values of immune cell subsets and in immune functioning either because of hormonal factors or lifestyle changes or because of the stress they experience after their infant’s birth and for the first few months of infant caretaking. This study examined anxiety, depression, and immune cell phenotypes in 30 mothers of VLBW infants and in 30 mothers of healthy term infants over the first 4 postpartal months to determine if mothers of preterm VLBW infants differed from mothers of healthy term infants in psychological and immunologic parameters. Additionally, lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell functional assays were performed in a subset of mothers. Mothers of VLBW infants had increased anxiety and decreased lymphocyte proliferation compared to mothers of term infants. When lymphocyte and monocyte subsets were compared over time between the two groups of mothers differences were found in CD8, CD20, CD3 2 /CD56 1 , CD14, and HLA class II Ia on monocytes. Mothers with high-fat diets had lower percentages of some monocytes (CD14), lymphocytes (CD4 1 /CD45RA 1 ), and natural killer cells (CD3 2 /CD57 1 ) during the first 4 postpartal months.
Load balancing via relay in next generation wireless systems

A fundamental problem in current cellular systems is limited capacity. Adding to this problem is unbalanced traffic among the cells. Given the explosion of the wireless traffic, especially wireless data traffic for Internet/Web access, and limited spectrum available for licensing, congestion will occur in some cells, resulting in blocked new calls and dropped handoffs due to the lack of available data channels (or DCHs). Since the locations of the congested cells vary from time to time (e.g. downtown on Monday morning, or amusement parks on Sunday afternoon), it's difficult to guarantee a sufficient amount of resources in each cell in a cost-effective way. In this paper, we propose to integrate the cellular infrastructure with modern wireless/mobile relaying technologies to achieve dynamic load balancing among different cells. Our basic idea is to place a number of mobile relay stations (or MRSs) within each cell to divert traffic in one (possibly congested) cell to another (non-congested) cell.
Memory sub-banking scheme for high throughput turbo decoder

Turbo codes have revolutionized the world of coding theory with their superior performance. However, the implementation of these codes is both computationally and memory-intensive. Recently, the sliding window (SW) approach has been proposed as an effective means of reducing the decoding delay as well as the memory requirements of turbo implementations. In this paper, we present a sub-banked implementation of the SW-based approach that achieves high throughput, low decoding latency and reduced memory energy consumption. Our contributions include derivation of the optimal memory sub-banked structure for different SW configurations, study of the relationship between memory size, energy consumption and decoding latency for different SW configurations and study of the effect of number of sub-banks on the throughput and decoding latency of a given SW configuration. The theoretical study has been validated by SimpleScalar for a rate 1/3 MAP decoder.
Linear Descriptor Variable Systems

Equations in descriptor variable form arises naturally in many applications, and are especially suited for the study of variable structure systems. This paper reviews the foundation concepts of solvability and conditionability and several of the general properties of linear descriptor variable systems. Particular attention is devoted to the time-invariant case where the descriptor variable theory is closely related to classical work. The shuffle algorithm and its theoretical implications are discussed.
Clinical assessment of diastolic retrograde flow in the descending aorta for high-flow systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunting

Abstract Objective To investigate whether echocardiographic characteristics in the descending aorta of patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease who have received a systemic-to-pulmonary artery (SP) shunt can indicate shunt flow volume and predict postoperative adverse events related to high-flow shunting. Methods Among the 73 consecutive patients who received an SP shunt between 2010 and 2014, data for 53 patients who underwent postoperative Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic retrograde flow in the descending aorta (dAo-RF) were reviewed retrospectively. Results The mean dAo-RF ratio was 0.50 ± 0.15 at intensive care unit admission and reached its peak level (0.56 ± 0.12) at 24 hours after surgery. All of the patients with a maximal dAo-RF ratio of ≥0.80 had experienced acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock due to postoperative high-flow shunting and required emergent surgical interventions to reduce pulmonary blood flow. Pulse oximetry–measured oxygen saturation and serum lactate level were significantly correlated with dAo-RF ratio, but they had some clinical dispersion to match the postoperative adverse events. Conclusions The dAo-RF ratio is a simple, repeatable, and noninvasive index for postoperative assessment of SP shunt flow volume. A high dAo-RF ratio is a significant predictor of postoperative adverse events of high-flow shunting.
Integrated Magneto-Electrochemical Sensor for Exosome Analysis.

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are nanoscale membrane particles that carry molecular information on parental cells. They are being pursued as biomarkers of cancers that are difficult to detect or serially follow. Here we present a compact sensor technology for rapid, on-site exosome screening. The sensor is based on an integrated magneto–electrochemical assay: exosomes are immunomagnetically captured from patient samples and profiled through electrochemical reaction. By combining magnetic enrichment and enzymatic amplification, the approach enables (i) highly sensitive, cell-specific exosome detection and (ii) sensor miniaturization and scale-up for high-throughput measurements. As a proof-of-concept, we implemented a portable, eight-channel device and applied it to screen extracellular vesicles in plasma samples from ovarian cancer patients. The sensor allowed for the simultaneous profiling of multiple protein markers within an hour, outperforming conventional methods in assay sensitivity an...
Sulfonated polyisobutylene telechelic ionomers

The gelation of polyisobutylene-based model ionomers with-S03 −K+ terminal groups has been studied in hexane at 25°C. Both molecular architecture and molecular weight were found to significantly influence the concentration at which gelation occurs. Specifically, three-arm star trifunctional ionomers gel at lower concentrations than linear difunctional ionomers of similar molecular weight. In addition, the gelation concentration decreases with increasing molecular weight for the three-arm star trifunctional ionomer, but the results do not fit the relationship reported previously which relates gelation concentration and molecular weight for carboxylated linear telechelic polymers.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Aromatic Characteristics, and Metalation of Neo-Confused Porphyrins, a Newly Discovered Class of Porphyrin Isomers

Neo-confused porphyrins represent a unique family of porphyrin isomers that retain overall aromatic characteristics by virtue of a 17-atom 18π electron delocalization pathway. These porphyrin analogues have a pyrrolic subunit linked in a 1,3-fashion so that a nitrogen atom is directly connected to a meso-bridging carbon. Pyrrole-3-carbaldehydes were shown to react with sodium hydride and 5-acetoxymethylpyrrole-2-carbaldehydes in DMF to give the crucial neo-confused dipyrrolic dialdehyde intermediates. MacDonald “2 + 2” condensation of the dialdehydes with a dipyrrylmethane afforded a dihydroporphyrinoid, and subsequent oxidation with 0.2% aqueous ferric chloride generated a series of fully conjugated neo-confused porphyrins. Unusual dihydroporphyrin byproducts were also identified. Reaction of neo-confused porphyrins with nickel(II) or palladium(II) acetate in refluxing acetonitrile gave excellent yields of the corresponding organometallic derivatives. Proton NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the diatrop...
Early childhood caries in Indigenous communities: A joint statement with the American Academy of Pediatrics.

The oral health of Indigenous children of Canada (First Nations, Inuit and Metis) and the United States (American Indian and Alaska Native) is a major child health issue. This is exemplified by the high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) with resulting adverse health effects, as well as high rates and costs of restorative and surgical treatments under general anesthesia. ECC is an infectious disease that is influenced by multiple factors, including socioeconomic determinants, and requires a combination of approaches for improvement. The present statement includes recommendations for oral health preventive and clinical care for young infants and pregnant women by primary health care providers, community-based health promotion initiatives, oral health workforce and access issues, and advocacy for community water fluoridation and fluoride varnish program access. Further community-based research on the epidemiology, prevention, management and microbiology of ECC in Indigenous communities would be beneficial.
Nonlinear fresnel zone plate reflector

This paper describes a nonlinear Fresnel zone plate reflector designed to operate at 2.8GHz. The alternating Fresnel zones of the reflector are made from two different nonlinear metamaterials: one that reflects like a short circuit at low incident power levels and another that reflects like an open circuit. Both metamaterials transition from highly reflective to highly transparent as the incident power increases. Additionally, as the metamaterials transition to their transparent state the phase difference between their reflection coefficients decreases substantially, causing the reflector to lose its focusing capabilities. In this way, the field observed at the focus is reduced both as a consequence of the metamaterials becoming transparent as well as the reflector defocusing.
Abstract 324: Analysis of Transcriptome Profiles Identifies Novel Genes in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Both the underlying cause and resulting consequence of many cardiovascular diseases is the permanent loss of contractile cardiac myocytes (CMs). Because the vertebrate heart has no innate ability to regenerate, the response to disease stimuli is limited to hypertrophy, an initial response to preserve cardiac function. However, sustained hypertrophy can turn the growth response of myocytes to one of cell death leading to pathological ventricular remodeling and decreased cardiac function. In this study, we are interested in identifying novel therapeutic gene targets that play a role in cardiac hypertrophic progression. To identify differentially expressed genes in hypertrophy, we utilized trans-aortic constriction (TAC) to induce hypertrophy in mice and performed whole transcriptome profiling on isolated CMs and compared to wild-type adult and embryonic CMs. Globally, the correlation coefficients between adult or TAC CM samples ranged from 0.955 to 0.991, suggesting limited early response of CMs in hearts subjected to TAC. However, pathway and ontology analysis revealed that embryonic CMs are far different from both adult and TAC in global gene expression profile. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified a panel of 12 genes that are differentially expressed between TAC and adult CMs. Pathway and ontology analysis implicated the genes to participate in either oxidative stress pathways or cardiac remodeling processes. Selective validation of the gene panel revealed MMP23 to have increased expression in an in vitro model of HF and in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) suggesting a previously undescribed link to human HF disease progression. Together, this work identifies individual genes that contribute to pathological hypertrophy and can serve as novel targets for HF interventional therapies.
"Do It Yourself" Scholarship: From Punk Rock to Qualitative Research.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY) framework as a mode of critical qualitative scholarship. The authors argue that the production and distribution methods used by ...
Catastrophic glacier collapse

Kaab et al. report two massive, catastrophic collapse of neighbouring glaciers in Tibet. These collapses were caused by a combination of warmer and wetter climate and weak bedrock material, and finally triggered by unusually large amounts of water beneath the glaciers from melt and rain in summer 2016.
Benchmarking the communication fidelity of biomolecular signaling cascades featuring pseudo-one-dimensional transport

Synthetic biologists endeavor to predict how the increasing complexity of multi-step signaling cascades impacts the fidelity of molecular signaling, whereby information about the cellular state is often transmitted with proteins that diffuse by a pseudo-one-dimensional stochastic process. This begs the question of how the cell leverages passive transport mechanisms to distinguish informative signals from the intrinsic noise of diffusion. We address this problem by using a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model to derive an approximate lower bound on the degree of facilitation needed to achieve single-bit informational efficiency in signaling cascades as a function of their length. Within the assumptions of our model, we find that a universal curve of the Shannon-Hartley form describes the information transmitted by a signaling chain of arbitrary length and depends upon only a small number of physically measurable parameters. This enables our model to be used in conjunction with experimental measurements to aid in the selective design of biomolecular systems that can overcome noise to function reliably, even at the single-cell level.Synthetic biologists endeavor to predict how the increasing complexity of multi-step signaling cascades impacts the fidelity of molecular signaling, whereby information about the cellular state is often transmitted with proteins that diffuse by a pseudo-one-dimensional stochastic process. This begs the question of how the cell leverages passive transport mechanisms to distinguish informative signals from the intrinsic noise of diffusion. We address this problem by using a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model to derive an approximate lower bound on the degree of facilitation needed to achieve single-bit informational efficiency in signaling cascades as a function of their length. Within the assumptions of our model, we find that a universal curve of the Shannon-Hartley form describes the information transmitted by a signaling chain of arbitrary length and depends upon only a small number of physically measurable parameters. This enables our model to be used in conjunction with experimental measurements to...
Computing Bayesian Credible and HPD Intervals

One purpose of Bayesian posterior inference is to summarize posterior marginal densities. Graphical presentation of the entire posterior distribution is always desirable if this can be conveniently accomplished. However, summary statistics, which outline important features of the posterior distribution, are sometimes adequate. In particular, when one deals with a high-dimensional problem, graphical display of the entire posterior distribution is generally infeasible, and therefore appropriate summaries of the posterior distribution are most desirable.
Reading Disabilities in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The term learning disabilities (LD) describes a broad category of developmental disorders and refers to a deficit in learning in one or more domains, which can include reading, mathematics, and writing (1). Diagnosis is based on behavioral information and assumes adequate intelligence, intact sensory systems, and the absence of a handicapping condition or environment that would cause a person to have significant difficulty learning (2). Although intervention can be effective, these difficulties in learning are persistent throughout the life-span (3).
Chemical Composition and Emissions Factors for Cookstove Startup (Ignition) Materials.

Air pollution from cookstoves creates a substantial human and environmental health burden. A disproportionate fraction of emissions can occur during stove ignition (startup) compared to main cooking, yet startup material emissions are poorly quantified. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure emissions from startups using kerosene, plastic bags, newspaper, fabric, food packaging, rubber tire tubes, kindling, footwear, and wood shims. Measured pollutants included: fine particulate matter mass (PM2.5), PM2.5 elemental and organic carbon, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, benzene, and formaldehyde. Results demonstrate substantial variability in the measured emissions across materials on a per-startup basis. For example, kerosene emitted 496 mg PM2.5 and 999 mg CO per startup, whereas plastic bags emitted 2 mg PM2.5 and 30 mg CO. When considering emissions on a per-mass basis, the ordering of materials from highest-to-lowest emissions changes, emphasizing the importance of establishing how much mat...
Theorising mobility justice

“Mobilidades justas” configuram uma das questoes politicas e eticas cruciais de nossos dias, quando o mundo enfrenta a questao urgente de como fazer a transicao para mobilidades ambientalmente mais sustentaveis e socialmente mais justas. Em todo o planeta, orgaos governamentais urbanos, regionais e internacionais estao lidando com uma serie de crises relacionadas aos deslocamentos: uma crise urbana em torno da poluicao e do congestionamento, uma crise global de fronteiras e de humanitarismo face aos refugiados, e uma crise climatica imposta pelo aquecimento global e pela necessidade de descarbonizacao. Este artigo busca pensar sobre tais crises, mostrando como cada uma faz parte de disturbios mais amplos nas instituicoes responsaveis pela gestao de mobilidades e imobilidades. Na interface entre mobilidade, equidade e justica, ergue-se uma nova maneira de pensar, desde a escala micro a macro, sobre a transicao para mobilidades mais justas.
Speech-Language Pathology

Deficits in social communication and language are a primary component of ASD, with the majority of individuals requiring treatment in these areas. Communication delays are often the first concern parents notice in their children who are later diagnosed with ASD, and therefore, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) is often the first referral source. Selecting an appropriate intervention approach, matched to a child’s symptom profile and familial needs, is critical and can be challenging given the growing number of interventions available. Interventions that vary in theoretical framework and strength of empirical support have been developed to target the core deficits of ASD. This chapter provides an overview of interventions and practices aimed at improving communication and language skills in ASD. Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs) are informed by both behavioral and developmental principles and incorporate the strengths of both perspectives. These interventions, which include comprehensive treatment programs as well as more focused intervention practices, have shown particularly positive effects on language and communication outcomes of young children with ASD. Common features and specific examples of NDBIs are described, highlighting the role of the SLP in implementing these interventions. In addition, focused intervention practices commonly used by SLPs, in conjunction with other treatments or within comprehensive treatment programs, are discussed, with a summary of empirical support provided.
Very Recent Spin Results at Large P ⊥ 2

I would like first to give you a general impression of the nature of proton-proton elastic scattering at large P ⊥ 2 by showing Fig. 1. This is a plot of spin-averaged proton-proton elastic scattering cross-sections measured with an unpolarized beam and an unpolarized target. I have plotted the spin-averaged cross-section against my favorite1,2 scaled variable, ρ ⊥ 2 . This ρ ⊥ 2 variable removes most of the energy dependence or “shrinkage” that occurs when elastic cross-sections are plotted against -t or P ⊥ 2 . I have plotted here essentially all existing p-p data from 3 GeV/c to 2000 GeV/c.
Hot spring hydrochemistry of the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico reveals a distal geochemical connection between Valles Caldera and Ojo Caliente

Abstract Warm and hot springs occur within and on both sides of the Rio Grande rift (RGR) of northern New Mexico. Springs on the western side of the RGR are along the Ojo Caliente fault zone, which intersects the Embudo fault transfer zone that extends northeast of the Valles Caldera. Springs on the eastern side occur along north-south rift-bounding faults near Taos, NM. We compared spring water geochemical data from the western and eastern sides of the RGR to discover spring water origins. Included in our discussion was spring chemistry of the Valles Caldera located to the southwest of our study area. The Valles Caldera is a significant feature because it had major rhyolite eruptions 1.65 and 1.26 Ma, continued rhyolite eruptions until ~30 ka, and an active magmatically-driven geothermal system. The latest volcanic events in the Taos Plateau were basalt flows occurring about ~ 2 Ma. Our spring chemistry findings showed elevated levels of geothermal input in the western spring group, with the greatest input in Ojo Caliente spring waters. The elevated geothermal tracers include CO2, Li, B, Na, Cl, HCO3, Cext, He, Sr, mantle-like δ13C-CO2 values (−3.5 to −6.8‰), radiogenic basement-like 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.747), and mantle-derived 3He (up to 4.8%) in the presence of highly elevated crustal 4He. Eastern springs had fewer magmatic inputs including tracers listed above and notably lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.708 to 0.713. Nevertheless, eastern springs contain endogenic carbon and helium isotope values showing up to 4% mantle-derived helium. We interpret the elevated tracer results discovered in Ojo Caliente spring waters as distal influences of the Valles geothermal system, which is about 60 km away. The most conclusive evidence for these results stem from significant contributions of magmatically-derived volatiles including CO2, He, and their isotopes. With evidence of far-traveled water and volatiles, we concluded that the RGR transfer zone fault systems provide conduits for long-distance migration of deep fluids and gases that mix with meteoric water in the shallow subsurface.
Green tea extract inhibits early oncogenic responses in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. We hypothesized that the hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory benefits of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) would protect against HCC progression by inhibiting NASH-associated liver injury and pro-oncogenic responses. We used an HCC model in high-fat (HF)-fed mice that mimics early oncogenic events during NASH without inducing tumorigenesis and premature mortality. Male C57BL/6J mice (4-weeks old) were fed a HF diet containing GTE at 0% or 2%. Mice were administered saline or diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 60 mg kg−1, i.p.) at 5-weeks and 7-weeks of age. NASH, inflammation, fibrosis, and oncogenic responses were assessed at 25-weeks of age. Saline-treated mice showed prominent histopathological signs of steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning. Although DEN did not impact adiposity, steatosis, ballooning and hepatic lipid accumulation, these parameters were attenuated by GTE regardless of DEN. Hepatic lipid peroxidation and fibrosis that were increased by DEN were attenuated by GTE. Hepatic TLR4, MCP1 and TNFα mRNA levels were unaffected by DEN, whereas iNOS was increased by DEN. These transcripts were lowered by GTE. GTE attenuated the frequency of PCNA+ hepatocytes and mRNA expression of cyclin D1, MIB1 and Ki-67 that were otherwise increased by DEN. GTE increase APAF1 mRNA that was otherwise lowered by DEN. Relative to saline-treated mice, DEN increased mRNA levels of oncostatin M, gp130, c-Fos, c-Myc and survivin; each was lowered by GTE in DEN-treated mice. These findings indicate that GTE may protect against hepatic oncogenesis by limiting early steps in the carcinogenic cascade related to NASH-associated HCC.
Comorbidity and thirty-day hospital readmission odds in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparison of the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices

Readmissions following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent and costly. Multimorbidity is common in COPD and understanding how comorbidity influences readmission risk will enable health systems to manage these complex patients. We compared two commonly used comorbidity indices published by Charlson and Elixhauser regarding their ability to estimate readmission odds in COPD and determine which one provided a superior model. We analyzed discharge records for COPD from the Nationwide Readmissions Database spanning 2010 to 2016. Inclusion and readmission criteria from the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program were utilized. Elixhauser and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were calculated from published methodology. A mixed-effects logistic regression model with random intercepts for hospital clusters was fit for each comorbidity index, including year, patient-level, and hospital-level covariates to estimate odds of thirty-day readmissions. Sensitivity analyses included testing age inclusion thresholds and model stability across time. In analysis of 1.6 million COPD discharges, readmission odds increased by 9% for each half standard deviation increase of Charlson Index scores and 13% per half standard deviation increase of Elixhauser Index scores. Model fit was slightly better for the Elixhauser Index using information criteria. Model parameters were stable in our sensitivity analyses. Both comorbidity indices provide meaningful information in prediction readmission odds in COPD with slightly better model fit in the Elixhauser model. Incorporation of comorbidity information into risk prediction models and hospital discharge planning may be informative to mitigate readmissions.
Statehood, Leadership, and Political Space in Heidegger's Seminar of 1933-34

I focus on a seminar that Heidegger held in the Winter Semester of 1933-34: “On the Essence and Concept of Nature, History, and State.” Gregory Fried and I have recently completed a translation of the text. My purpose here is to introduce the seminar, contextualize it, and offer a few critical reflections on its main points: in particular, Heidegger’s views on the relation between people and state, the role of a leader, and the nature of political space. Heidegger attempts to distinguish human existence from the natural world and argues that a people can attain its full, distinctively human being only through its state. The state is to be ruled absolutely by the soaring will of a born leader. Heidegger also offers an account of political space that distinguishes between the local homeland and the activity of “interchange” that opens this homeland to the broader fatherland. On the whole, this text is the closest thing we have to a Heideggerian political philosophy — that is, not just general reflections on the essence of Dasein, Mitsein, or the polis, but some more concrete thoughts on better and worse forms of social organization.
OUTCOMES OF BIDIRECTIONAL GLENN PROCEDURE IN CARDIAC MALFORMATIONS OTHER THAN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME VERSUS HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME

Various cardiac malformations would default to a single ventricle physiology. The Glenn bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC) is the second stage in a multistage surgical palliation pathway. Objective of this study is to compare BCPC outcomes in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Does having prior rotator cuff repair affect outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A matched cohort study.

Background This study compares outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in patients with prior rotator cuff repair to matched control patients without prior surgery. Patients and methods All primary RTSAs with prior surgery were retrospectively identified from a prospective research database between 2000 and 2014. RTSA patients with prior open or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and minimum 2-year follow-up, with age- and sex-matched controls, were identified. Active range of motion (ROM) and functional outcomes were evaluated. Preoperative, postoperative, and improvement in outcomes were compared between groups. Results One hundred fifty RTSA patients were included, with 75 patients in each group (42 female, 33 male). Mean age of the RTSA group with prior rotator cuff repair was 69.6years (average follow-up: 3.8years) compared to the RTSA group without prior surgery (control) aged 70.0years (average follow-up: 3.3years). Preoperatively and postoperatively, RTSA patients with prior cuff repair had slightly worse overhead ROM and outcome scores compared to controls but none were statistically different. The RTSA and control groups had similar and significant improvements in all postoperative ROM and outcome scores. Complications were similar between groups. Discussion RTSA patients with prior rotator cuff repair had similar ROM, functional outcome scores, and complications compared to a matched control group without prior surgery. Level of evidence III, treatment study.
trans-Diaquabis(N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediamine)- nickel(II) dichloride

In the title salt, [Ni(C5H12N2)2(H2O)2]Cl2, the asymmetric unit is comprised of half of the complex cation and a chloride ion with the NiII atom of the cation situated about a twofold rotation axis. The six-coordinate NiII atom of the cation is connected to four N atoms from two methyl-substituted ethyelenedi­amine ligands and two water mol­ecules in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment. The five-membered chelate ring is in a slight envelope conformation. The crystal packing features O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl inter­molecular inter­actions with the Cl− ion forming weak bifurcated hydrogen bonds with nearby water mol­ecules and N—H inter­actions, leading to a three-dimensional supra­molecular network structure.
Use of Natural Language Processing Algorithms to Identify Common Data Elements in Operative Notes for Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Natural language processing (NLP) methods have the capability to process clinical free text in electronic health records, decreasing the need for costly manual chart review, and improving data quality. We developed rule-based NLP algorithms to automatically extract surgery specific data elements from knee arthroplasty operative notes. Methods Within a cohort of 20,000 knee arthroplasty operative notes from 2000 to 2017 at a large tertiary institution, we randomly selected independent pairs of training and test sets to develop and evaluate NLP algorithms to detect five major data elements. The size of the training and test datasets were similar and ranged between 420 to 1592 surgeries. Expert rules using keywords in operative notes were used to implement NLP algorithms capturing: (1) category of surgery (total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, patellofemoral arthroplasty), (2) laterality of surgery, (3) constraint type, (4) presence of patellar resurfacing, and (5) implant model (catalog numbers). We used institutional registry data as our gold standard to evaluate the NLP algorithms. Results NLP algorithms to detect the category of surgery, laterality, constraint, and patellar resurfacing achieved 98.3%, 99.5%, 99.2%, and 99.4% accuracy on test datasets, respectively. The implant model algorithm achieved an F1-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall) of 99.9%. Conclusions NLP algorithms are a promising alternative to costly manual chart review to automate the extraction of embedded information within knee arthroplasty operative notes. Further validation in other hospital settings will enhance widespread implementation and efficiency in data capture for research and clinical purposes. Level of Evidence Level III.
Assessment à la Mode: Implementing an Adaptable Large-Scale Multivariant Online Deferred-Grade Exam for Virtual Learning

The COVID pandemic forced many higher education institutions to pivot and switch to an online learning environment with minimal preparation. This transition was put in place during the middle of the spring semester, in March. During this transition, instructors had to quickly learn the tools of online teaching, navigate platforms like Webex and Zoom, and adapt their lectures to an online format. One of the biggest challenges during this transition was to administer common online exams to high enrollment undergraduate classes, such as general chemistry and organic chemistry, without compromising the integrity of the exam. The in-person chemistry common exam that is normally administered to students at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) had both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. In order to replicate this online, and to reduce the potential temptation to cheat, a robust multiple-choice and open-ended exam with multiple versions was required. Furthermore, this online exam had to be easily administered through our learning management system. What was developed included a blueprint for an online exam intended for large-scale distribution over multiple days with safeguards in place to protect the integrity of the examination. The exam employed deferred grading, a lockdown browser, multiple question variants, time controls, and controlled access to the completed exam to combat potential cheating. The exam resulted in average scores that were comparable to in-person exam scores from previous semesters, validating the proposed approach. In addition, polling results after administration of the exam showed strong student satisfaction with exam design and directions and student preference for webcam proctored exams.
NEW EVIDENCE ON THE LINK BETWEEN GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND WAGERING

The total volume of wagering on horse racing is important because it affects both racetrack and state revenues. This paper uses both daily data and data from individual races to explore the influence of a particular government subsidy, the sire stakes, on the racing industry. Previous work using daily data has found that this subsidy has no statistically reliable influence on the volume of wagering and that it amounts to a direct transfer from taxpayers to the breeding industry. My much larger sample of daily data produces the same result, but using new data from individual races, the results differ: I find a small but statistically significant increase in wagering on subsidized races. The increase is probably just too small to be detected in daily data. My results suggest, though, that the economic significance of the increase is almost surely too little to recoup the government’s investment fully. For subsidized races to be a good use of taxpayers’ money, then either taxpayers must derive other benefits or else the state must generate additional revenue because of the subsidy. I list several possible avenues to make that argument. I also suggest public goods that the industry might produce.
Comorbid Cardiovascular Diseases and HIV in LGBTQ PoC

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Data suggest people who identify as sexual/gender minorities (SGMs) or LGBTQ have greater CVD risk due to experiences of social marginalization compared to heterosexual counterparts. Parallel to this, evidence suggests People of Color (PoC) have an elevated risk for CVDs compared to White individuals. In addition to high CVD burden, LGBTQ PoC are also disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This chapter details the comorbidity of heart disease and HIV. Moreover, psychosocial risk factors (RFs) overlapping with heart disease and HIV are highlighted. The chapter ends by exploring the role of intersectional discrimination, HIV, and heart disease.
Creativity: Beyond the Mind; Behind the Curtain: A Behavioral Interpretation of Improvisational Comedy

Creativity is a beautiful, some believe unexplainable, phenomenon: from the song that makes us cry, to the movie that excites us, to the painting that makes us ponder, and to the comedian that makes us laugh. Mentalistic and innate accounts of creativity often suggest it is something one possesses or expresses. Due to creations seeming complicated, the assumption is that so is the artist and their behavior. An alternative approach is offered here that argues that creativity does not describe behavior but instead represents an outcome of behavior. What makes this account appealing is that it examines some behavior–environmental relations that may account for those behavioral outcomes considered creative. Creativity describes a unique solution or an effect on an audience, and the behaviors that produce that effect is how it is expressed. What is occurring during the creative process that reinforces the artist’s behavior? This article will begin to answer this question by drawing upon the work and training of improvisational comedians who have developed methods and conceptual principles that allow anyone to perform on stage to “create” a scene, even with no prior history. Contingency adduction, successive approximations, and extended tacts will be shown to be fundamental components of at least some “creative acts.”
Metamaterial-Inspired Generation-Extraction-Radiation of High Power Microwaves

In this study, novel methods utilizing metamaterial-based antennas for efficient power extraction from a metamaterial slow wave structure (MSWS) generator are investigated. This work is a follow-up from the design and testing of a MSWS for an O-type high power microwave generator at the University of New Mexico [1].
From the Incoming Editor.

First, let me say that I am honored to take on the role of Editor in Chief at the Journal of Intelligence [...]
Investigation of precipitate refinement in Mg alloys by an analytical composite failure model

Abstract An analytical model is developed to simulate precipitate refinement in second phase strengthened magnesium alloys. The model is developed based on determination of the stress fields inside elliptical precipitates embedded in a rate dependent inelastic matrix. The stress fields are utilized to determine the failure mode that governs the refinement behavior. Using an AZ31 Mg alloy as an example, the effects the applied load, aspect ratio and orientation of the particle is studied on the macroscopic failure of a single α -Mg 17 Al 12 precipitate. Additionally, a temperature dependent version of the corresponding constitutive law is used to incorporate the effects of temperature. In plane strain compression, an extensional failure mode always fragments the precipitates. The critical strain rate at which the precipitates start to fail strongly depends on the orientation of the precipitate with respect to loading direction. The results show that the higher the aspect ratio is, the easier the precipitate fractures. Precipitate shape is another factor influencing the failure response. In contrast to elliptical precipitates with high aspect ratio, spherical precipitates are strongly resistant to sectioning. In pure shear loading, in addition to the extensional mode of precipitate failure, a shearing mode may get activated depending on orientation and aspect ratio of the precipitate. The effect of temperature in relation to strain rate was also verified for plane strain compression and pure shear loading cases.
Behavioural actions of some substituted amphetamines.

Publisher Summary Many of the substances that are known to have psychotomimetic effects in man, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and certain tryptamine derivatives, contain an indole moiety. Mescaline, however, does not contain such a moiety despite its psychotomimetic activity, but it has been suggested by various authors that the side chain of the mescaline molecule might fold back towards the benzene ring to resemble the indole nucleus of LSD and thereby impart psychotomimetic activity. This chapter shows the behavioral effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine (DOM), 2,5,dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET), and a series of six substituted phenyl aminobutanes, that are compared with the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and ( +)-amphetamine. DOM and DOET, in common with LSD, mescaline and (+)-amphetamine, cause an increase in spontaneous activity of rats.. DOM and DOET, in small doses, produce changes in rat open-field behavior comparable with those produced by LSD and mescaline. DOM does not enhance the initial learning of naive rats, but does prevent further learning in the same way that DOET does. LSD, mescaline and (+)-amphetamine do not have long-term effects on conditioning. DOM also had no effect on already learned conditioned avoidance.
Wireless TRIAC controlled technique for high cost — Performance ratio LED bulb

A high cost-performance ratio LED bulb and wireless TRIAC controller are proposed in this paper. The core circuit of LED bulb is AC step driver which is using driver-onboard technology, it has the advantages of higher reliability, lower cost and compact size. This AC step driver can be dimmed by TRIAC, for smart lighting application, the wireless TRIAC controller is designed. This controller which is universal design not only can control the LED bulbs, but also can dim the tungsten lamps. Users can use the mobile device to dim the common lamps in indoor lighting. In the future, when the sensors are built in the building, it can link the smart lighting easily.
Global Environmental Epidemiology Network (WHO)

GEENET aims to increase the national capacity of developing countries to secure environmental health by strengthening education, training, and applied research in environmental epidemiology. Keywords: hazards; human exposure; WHO; education; training
Thermal decomposition of anionic organoaluminum compounds : III. The preparation and structure of the neutral addition complex of acetonitrile and trimethylaluminum

Abstract Tetraisocyanatogermanium reacts with trimethylaluminum upon heating to 50° to form the acetonitrile adduct of trimethylaluminum, (CH3)3Al·NCCH3. The crystal structure of acetonitriletrimethylaluminum has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data measured by counter methods. (CH3)3Al·NCCH3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with cell dimensions a = 6.617(3), b = 7.821(4), c = 16.135(7) A, and ϱcalc= 1.05 g/cm3 for Z = 4. Least-squares refinement gave a final weighted R value of 9.5% for 430 independent reflections. The behavior of the Ge(NCO)4/Al(CH3)3 system is related to that of KSCN and Al(CH3)3.
Parent-Adolescent Relationship and Adolescent Psychological Functioning among African-American Female Adolescents: Self-Esteem as a Mediator.

African-American female adolescents living in urban areas are at increased risk for adverse adjustment outcomes. The present study accomplished two goals. First, the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship across age groups was examined for differences among younger (i.e., 12'14) versus mid-range (i.e., 15'16) versus older (i.e., 17'18) adolescents. Second, self-esteem was examined as a possible mediator of the relationship between the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent psychological functioning in a sample of 608 African-American urban adolescent females. With regard to developmental shifts in the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, midrange adolescents reported a significantly poorer relationship with their mother than older adolescents. Results also indicated that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between parent-child relationship and adolescent psychological functioning. Mental health professionals can broaden their interventions that aim to improve adolescent psychological functioning by either focusing on the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship or adolescent self-esteem.
Functional Equation, Tate’s Thesis

This chapter is essentially Tate’s thesis, which has also appeared (finally) in the Brighton conference volume.