cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional associations between bedtime parenting and infant sleep: Parenting quality, parenting practices, and their interaction

In keeping with transactional conceptualizations of infant sleep development (Sadeh, Tikotzky, & Scher, 2010), the present study was an examination of longitudinal, bidirectional linkages between bedtime parenting (through direct observations of parenting practices and quality) and infant sleep across the first 6 months postpartum. In doing so, we also drew from Darling and Steinberg's (1993) conceptual model to examine parenting quality as a moderator of linkages between specific bedtime practices and infant sleep. Multilevel model analyses revealed that the strongest increases in infant nighttime sleep across the first 6 months occurred among infants of mothers who engaged in low levels of nursing at bedtime. Within-person linkages between mothers' emotional availability (EA) at bedtime, infant distress, and infant sleep were found, such that at time points when mothers were more emotionally available, infants were less distressed and slept more throughout the night. Several moderating effects of maternal EA on linkages between parenting practices and infant sleep were obtained that were consistent with predictions from Darling and Steinberg (1993). Higher maternal EA in combination with less close contact at bedtime was associated with more infant sleep across the night on average, and higher EA in combination with fewer arousing bedtime activities predicted more rapid increases in infant sleep with age. Finally, there was evidence of infant-driven effects, as higher infant nighttime distress predicted lower EA at subsequent time points. Results showcased the complex, reciprocal interplay between parents and infants in the development of infant sleep patterns and parenting behavior during the first 6 months postpartum. (PsycINFO Database Record
Advanced LIGO: Precision measurement for astronomy

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is currently installing the Advanced LIGO interferometers, designed to measure space-time distortions due to binary neutron star mergers. I will discuss the technology and give an update on the installation.
A Basis for the Intersection of Subspaces

This note describes a simple way of finding an explicit basis of U n V. Suppose that U has basis {ul,u,...,Urn and V has basis {VI, V2,..., V.. Form the n-by-(r + s) matrix A = [ul, U2, ... U Ur, V1, V2, ... .v, 1, with the u's and v's as columns. Reduce A to its reduced row echelon form, rref( A). Then the number t of non-pivotal columns in rref(A) is the dimension of the intersection U n V, and the t linear combinations alul +a u, + -+a r ur where [a1, a . a ,*,, . *] is the transpose of a nonpivotal column of rref( A), form a basis of the intersection.
Baroreceptor reflex during forced expiratory maneuvers in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunctions are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Impaired respiratory motor function and decreased Baroreflex Sensitivity (BS) are predictors for the development of cardiopulmonary disease. This observational case-controlled clinical study was undertaken to investigate if respiratory motor control deficits in individuals with SCI affect their ability to perform the Valsalva maneuver, and to determine if a sustained Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) effort can serve as an acceptable maneuver for determination of the BS in the event that the Valsalva maneuver cannot be performed. The BS outcomes (ms/mmHg) were obtained using continuous beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) recordings during Valsalva or MEP maneuvers in thirty nine individuals with chronic C3-T12 SCI. Twenty one participants (54%) reported signs of intolerance during the Valsalva maneuver and only 15 individuals (39%) were able to complete this task. Cervical level of injury was a significant risk factor (p=0.001) for failing to complete the Valsalva maneuver, and motor-complete injury was a significant risk factor for symptoms of intolerance (p=0.04). Twenty eight participants (72%) were able to perform the MEP maneuver; the other 11 participants failed to exceed the standard airway pressure threshold of 27cm H2O. Neither level nor completeness of injury were significant risk factors for failure of MEP maneuver. When the required airway pressure was sustained, there were no significant differences between BS outcomes obtained during Valsalva and MEP maneuvers. The results of this study indicate that individuals with high-level and motor-complete SCI are at increased risk of not completing the Valsalva maneuver and that baroreflex-mediated responses can be evaluated by using sustained MEP maneuver when the Valsalva maneuver cannot be performed.
Clinical tveatment of Helicobacter pyloriinfection in children

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effects of 10-day sequential therapy and 7days and 14 days triple therapy for the eradication of children′s Helicobacter pylori infection,so as to find out the best Hp eradication program with higher eradication rate,better compliance and more economical.METHODS A total of 129 children with Hp infection confirmed by Hp related inspection were randomly divided into three groups.10-day sequential therapy group(A group)received omeprazole plus amoxicillin-clavulanate for the first five days,and omeprazole,clarithromycin and metronidazole in the remaining five days.Group B was given amoxicillin-clavulantic acid,clarithromycin and omeprazole for one week while the group C was given the same dosages of amoxicillin,clarithromycin and omeprazole for two weeks.All drugs were given twice daily.RESULTS Hp eradication rate was 86.5% in group A,79.1% in group B and 64.3% in group C.There was no significant difference of Hp eradication rate between the group A and group B(P0.05),while significant difference was observed between group A and group C(P0.05).There was no significant difference among the three groups about the clinical curative effect(P0.05).There were no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between group A and group B(P0.05),while significant difference was found between group A and group C(P0.05).CONCLUSION 10-day sequential therapy and the triple therapy composed of amoxicillin-clavulantic acid,clarithromycin and omeprazole for one week were simple and effective in eradicating Hp infection in children,and the former treatment had fewer adverse events and better compliance.
Discussion on the Cultivation of Spirit of the Science and Engineering Colleges in the Non-central City

The science and engineering college in the non-central city is limited by the environment,the resources,the insufficient open consciousness,and the impeded information etc.The real center of science and engineering college to make long-term goal of establishing a competitive edge is the intangible resources,especially the spirit of the college.Therefore,the science and engineering college should unify the features of the city and the colleges to bright individuality,promote the campus culture by the college spirit,guarantee the spirit of science and the humanities spirit organic unification and integrate the communicative idea to cultivate the college spirit.
Surface studies of spontaneously deposited ruthenium on Pt(hk) electrodes

A Summary Report to The Electrochemical Society for the 2000 Colin Garfield Fink Summer Research Fellowship.
Closed-Form Solution of Inverse Kinematics for the Puma Manipulator

A closed-form solution of inverse kinematics for the Unimation PUMA manipulator, which is an improved version of standard algorithms initially proposed by R. Paul, is discussed. Standard algorithms use a polar transformation to solve an equation of the form a cos(x) - b sin(x) =p. Here, the equation is considered as a part of two-dimensional orthogonal transformation. This yields more straightforward and more efficient solution for inverse kinematics. The improvement of the time-efficiency for single solutions is more than 20% and for multiple solutions more than 40%.
Comparative safety of pioglitazone versus clinically meaningful treatment alternatives concerning the risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type 2 diabetes

Aims To compare bladder cancer incidence between patients initiating pioglitazone treatment and patients initiating treatment with dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP-4s] or sulfonylureas. Methods We identified Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years who initiated treatment with pioglitazone (N = 38 700), DPP-4s (N = 82 552) or sulfonylureas (N = 126 104) between 2007 and 2014 after at least 6 months without prescriptions for these drug classes. Patients were followed from second prescription until bladder cancer outcome (2 claims within 60 days) using a 6-month induction/latency period, censoring for treatment change, death or end of 2014. We used propensity score-weighted Cox proportional-hazards models to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and their 95% confidence intervals. Results Overall mean age of participants was 75 years and 41% were men. Over a median of 1.2 treatment years, 727 beneficiaries developed bladder cancer. Pioglitazone initiators had an increased incidence of bladder cancer (308 vs 204 [DPP-4s] or 231 [sulfonylureas] per 100 000 person-years; aHR, 1.57 [1.23-2.00] vs DPP-4s and 1.32 [1.02-1.70] vs sulfonylureas). The increased risk emerged within the first 2 years of treatment (aHR, 1.63 [1.22-2.17] vs DPP-4s and 1.32 [0.98-1.78] vs sulfonylureas). If treatment was discontinued within the first 2 years, the risk after 2 years post initiation was attenuated (aHR, 0.89 [0.61-1.28]) compared with patients treated for more than 2 years (aHR, 1.45 [0.93-2.26]) both vs DPP-4s. Findings were consistent across secondary and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Pioglitazone was associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer compared with DPP-4s and sulfonylureas. The elevated risk emerged within the first 2 years of treatment and was attenuated after discontinuing. Pioglitazone's relative effectiveness should be weighed against a small absolute increase in risk of bladder cancer.
Discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic amisulpride: comparison to its isomers and to other benzamide derivatives, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antianxiety drugs in C57BL/6 mice

Racemic (RS)-amisulpride (Solian®) is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and dysthymia. Blockade of dopamine D2/D3 and/or serotonin 5-HT7 receptors is implicated in its pharmacological effects. While the (S)-amisulpride isomer possesses a robust discriminative cue, discriminative stimulus properties of (RS)-amisulpride have not been evaluated. The present study established (RS)-amisulpride as a discriminative stimulus and assessed amisulpride-like effects of amisulpride stereoisomers, other benzamide derivatives, and antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic drugs. Adult, male C57BL/6 mice were trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg (RS)-amisulpride from vehicle in a two-lever food-reinforced operant conditioning task. (RS)-Amisulpride’s discriminative stimulus was dose-related, time-dependent, and stereoselective. (S)-Amisulpride (an effective dose of 50% (ED50) = 0.21 mg/kg) was three times more potent than (RS)-amisulpride (ED50 = 0.60 mg/kg) or (R)-amisulpride (ED50 = 0.68 mg/kg). (RS)-Amisulpride generalized fully to the structurally related atypical antipsychotic/antidysthymia drug sulpiride (Sulpor®; ED50 = 7.29 mg/kg) and its (S)-enantiomer (ED50 = 9.12 mg/kg); moderate to high partial generalization [60–75% drug lever responding (%DLR)] occurred to the benzamide analogs tiapride (Tiapridal®) and raclopride, but less than 60% DLR to metoclopramide (Reglan®), nemonapride (Emilace®), and zacopride. Antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antianxiety drugs from other chemical classes (chlorpromazine, quetiapine, risperidone, and mianserin) produced 35–55% amisulpride lever responding. Lastly, less than 35% DLR occurred for clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole imipramine, chlordiazepoxide, and bupropion. (RS)-Amisulpride generalized to some, but not all benzamide derivatives, and it failed to generalize to any other antipsychotic, antidepressant, or antianxiety drugs tested. Interestingly, the (R)-isomer shared very strong stimulus properties with (RS)-amisulpride. This finding was in contrast to findings from Donahue et al. (Eur J Pharmacol 734:15–22, 2014), which found that the (R)-isomer did not share very strong stimulus properties when the (S)-isomer was the training drug.
Motor unit number estimation

Due to the anatomic location of motor neurons, it is has not been possible to directly quantify motor neuron loss in anterior horn cell disease. Motor neurons are located in the anterior spinal cord, one of the areas within the nervous system that are not amenable to biopsy and histological analysis in living patients. The spinal cord has a high density of eloquent fiber tracts. Biopsy-induced injury to these tracts would result in significant weakness, paraesthesiae and/or sphincter dysfunction. As a result, estimating the degree of actual motor neuron loss has remained elusive for motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) provides a reliable estimate of the number of functional motor units present in such diseases.
High-performance spiking neural net accelerators for embedded computer vision applications

One key component in computer vision algorithms involves developing and identifying relevant features from raw data. In this work, we designed spiking recurrent neural net accelerators to implement a class of unsupervised machine learning algorithms known as sparse coding. The accelerators perform fast unsupervised learning of features, and extract sparse representations of inputs for low-power classification. Taking advantage of high sparsity, spiking neurons, and error tolerance, the compact accelerator chips are capable of processing images at several hundred megapixels per second, while dissipating less than 10 mW. The accelerators can be embedded in sensors as frontend processors for feature learning, encoding, and compression.
Role of Cardiac Catheterization Lab Post Resuscitation in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background Cardiac arrest remains a common and lethal condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Even with improving survival rates, the successfully resuscitated post cardiac arrest patient is also at risk for poor neurological outcomes, functional status and long- term survival if not managed appropriately. Given that acute coronary occlusion has been found to be the leading cause of cardiac arrest, long-term prognosis is good in selected patients after successful outof- hospital resuscitation and ST elevation myocardial infarction who are taken for immediate coronary angiography, treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and hypothermia when indicated. Conclusion A priority should therefore be placed in diagnosing as quickly as possible patients who have an acute coronary occlusion (i.e. ST elevation myocardial infarction) and implementing the appropriate and timely therapeutic strategy, which will require close chain of survival co- ordination and the services of the cardiac catheterization lab. Here we review previous and current guidelines as well as associated evidence.
Abstract 5615: Antibodies targeting TIP1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer and glioblastoma

Antigens that are over-expressed in cancer in response to radiation are being used as novel targets. We showed tax interacting protein 1 (TIP-1) to be radiation-inducible that translocated to the surface of the cancer cell following irradiation. TIP-1, which consists of a single PDZ domain plays an important role in cell signaling, cancer development, and progression. TIP-19s involvement in various survival pathways makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapeutics. We used antibodies specific to this PDZ domain to determine its role in cancer cell survival. We monitored the proliferation of lung cancer (A549 and H460) and glioblastoma (D54 and U251) cells after 24, 48, 72 and 96h treatment with the anti-PDZ antibody. We observed a time-dependent proliferation arrest with anti-PDZ antibody treatment which was associated with increased apoptosis. The anti-PDZ antibody, when combined with radiation (3Gy), led to reduced proliferation and colony formation. Anti-PDZ antibody had no effect on the proliferation of normal lung (MRC-5) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells. Cells treated with anti-PDZ antibody showed decreased levels of the phosphorylated forms of AKT, mTOR, and a downstream substrate of mTOR, 4EBP1. Anti-PDZ antibody treatment also led to an overall reduction in basal levels of AKT, mTOR, and 4EBP1. Further, we evaluated the effect of the anti-PDZ antibody on tumor growth in heterotopic mouse models of lung cancer (A549) and glioma (U251). We observed significant growth delay in mice treated with anti-PDZ antibody treatment when compared to mice treated with the isotype control. The combination of the anti-PDZ antibody with radiation showed an additive effect. Immunoblot analysis of tumor tissues also showed downregulation of phosphorylated and total levels of AKT, mTOR and 4EBP1 in the tumors treated with anti-PDZ antibody. Overall, our results suggest that TIP-1 is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of lung cancer and glioblastoma. Antibodies specific to the PDZ domain of TIP-1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. The anti-PDZ antibodies need to be optimized further before translating it into the clinic. Citation Format: Vaishali Kapoor, Abhay K. Singh, David Dadey, Kelly Hoye, Andrea Collins, Dinesh Thotala, Dennis Hallahan. Antibodies targeting TIP1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer and glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5615.
Interpreting Basic Statistics: A Workbook Based on Excerpts from Journal Articles

Interpreting Basic Statistics gives students valuable practice in interpreting statistical reporting as it actually appears in peer-reviewed journals. Features of the ninth edition: • Covers a broad array of basic statistical concepts, including topics drawn from the New Statistics • Up-to-date journal excerpts reflecting contemporary styles in statistical reporting • Strong emphasis on data visualization • Ancillary materials include data sets with almost two hours of accompanying tutorial videos, which will help students and instructors apply lessons from the book to real-life scenarios About this book Each of the 63 exercises in the book contain three central components: 1) an introduction to a statistical concept, 2) a brief excerpt from a published research article that uses the statistical concept, and 3) a set of questions (with answers) that guides students into deeper learning about the concept. The questions on the journal excerpts promote learning by helping students • interpret information in tables and figures, • perform simple calculations to further their interpretations, • critique data-reporting techniques, and • evaluate procedures used to collect data. The questions in each exercise are divided into two parts: (1) Factual Questions and (2) Questions for Discussion. The Factual Questions require careful reading for details, while the discussion questions show that interpreting statistics is more than a mathematical exercise. These questions require students to apply good judgment as well as statistical reasoning in arriving at appropriate interpretations. Each exercise covers a limited number of topics, making it easy to coordinate the exercises with lectures or a traditional statistics textbook.
Reactivity and Hypergolicity of Solid Fuels with Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen

This paper reports on the reactivity and hypergolicity of different solid fuels with both nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON) oxidizers using drop tests. The main objectives...
The Structure of arachno-[B6H11]-, at −25 °C in (CD3)2O, Is Resolved via the ab Initio/IGLO-GIAO/NMR Procedure

The arachno-[B6H11]- solution structure at −25 °C was clarified as fluxional compound 2 by applying the ab initio/IGLO/NMR method. The anion 2 can be derived from arachno-B6H12, 1, by the removal o...
Structure, reactivity and electronic properties of Mn doped Ni13 clusters

Abstract In this work we have studied the structural and magnetic properties of Ni13 cluster mono- and bi-doped with Mn atoms. We have noted their tendency of being reactive toward the H2 molecule. We have found unusually enhanced stability in the mono-doped cluster (i.e. of the Ni12Mn) and the diminished stability of the corresponding chemisorbed cluster, Ni12MnH2. Our analysis of the stability and HOMO–LUMO gap explains this unusual behavior. Interestingly, we have also seen the quenching in the net magnetic moment upon H2 absorption in the doped Ni 13 − m Mn m alloy clusters. This has been reported earlier for smaller Ni n clusters [1] .
Is gardening a useful metaphor for conservation and restoration? History and controversy

As the wilderness metaphor has decreased in utility due to widespread human‐driven environmental change, conservationists and restorationists have struggled to find new ways to inspire nature conservation. Some have suggested gardening as a new metaphor, but many are wary of its implications, particularly for animals viewed as threats or pests. Others, however, point out positive attributes for the metaphor including its focus on stewardship of nature which allows for positive human agency in ecosystems. We argue a gardening metaphor may also allow increased flexibility in approaches to biodiversity conservation, in part by allowing goals to be fit to communities and their specific cultural contexts. Wild gardening would seek to preserve global biodiversity while acknowledging the pivotal role humans now play in that process. Here we review the use of the garden metaphor over the last 25 years and discuss what wild gardening might mean for restoration. Consistent with a long history of environmental thought, we suggest such a metaphor will work best if it is coupled with a civic/stewardship ethic and a good dose of humility on the part of all gardeners.
Racial diversity of genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinomas.

9543Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the United States in all racial groups. However, the overall death rate from lung cancer is different among white, black ...
Experimental and Computational Study of a Tuned Damper with Frictional Contacts

Turbomachinery blisks have very low damping and, for this reason, they require devices such as ring dampers to mitigate excessive vibrations. Ring dampers rely on the relative motion between a ring...
A Blessing or a Curse? Unicorn Ventures in the IPO Market

This paper investigates the valuation of high-growth entrepreneurial firms labeled as unicorns – private venture firms that are valued more than $1 billion – during Initial Public Offering (IPO). W...
Does Being Old for Grade in High School Predicts Sexual Risk Behaviors, Beyond Grade-Level Effects?

Abstract Purpose The prevalence of adolescent risk behaviors varies by age and grade level in school, both of which are proxies for physical and social development. Adjusting for both age and grade would be ideal but is ill advised because of collinearity. We developed a variable to assess “relative age” (i.e., old for grade vs. age normative) and estimated grade and old-for-grade status in association with sexual risk behaviors. Methods Data are from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We conducted weighted multivariable logistic regression models and reported prevalence ratios to estimate associations between grade, old for grade, and sexual risk behaviors among 9th–11th graders. Results Being old for grade (vs. age normative) was associated with a higher prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, particularly for ninth graders. Conclusions Adjusting for relative age is a feasible way to increase precision in estimation of grade-related differences in sexual risk behaviors.
Sleep and Tau Pathology in Vietnam War Veterans with Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease

Author(s): Andrews, Murray; Ross, Ryan; Malhotra, Atul; Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Brewer, James B; Banks, Sarah J; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative | Abstract: BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lack of effective medications has led to a need to identify modifiable risk factors as targets for interventions.ObjectiveIn this cross-sectional study, we sought to determine whether worse sleep quality is associated with increased pathological tau, and whether this relationship is affected by amyloid pathology.Methods66 male participants underwent Florbetapir (AV45) positron emission tomography (PET) and Flortaucipir (FTP) PET and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) as part of the Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a multicenter study collecting data from Vietnam War veterans, some of whom have a history of post-traumatic stress disorder, or non-penetrating traumatic brain injury. AV45 PET was used to determine the presence of significant amyloid pathology. We used regression models to determine the effects of amyloid pathology and PSQI on tau deposition in brain regions associated with Braak stages.ResultsAmong the 66 participants, 14 individuals were amyloid positive (21%) and 52 were amyloid negative (79%). In regions associated with Braak stages III-IV, there was a significant interaction of amyloid status on PSQI (β= 0.04, p = 0.003) with higher PSQI correlating with higher FTP SUVr in amyloid-positive individuals only (β= 0.031, p = 0.005).ConclusionOur study found that an AD profile of tau deposition was associated with an interaction between self-reported sleep quality and amyloid pathology such that worse self-reported sleep was related to higher tau in regions usually associated with AD progression, but only in individuals with high cerebral amyloid deposition.
Analysis of COVID-19 Effect on Residential Loads and Distribution Transformers

Abstract This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic situation on residential loads and local distribution transformer. The transformers’ operating conditions in terms of hottest winding temperature, top oil transformer, loss of life (%LOL) are analyzed considering different loads and harmonics content in the transformer currents. Based on these analyses, safe operating conditions of transformer are derived. Six types of consumers having different consumption patterns and different type of residential loads are considered for the analysis. In order to mitigate the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on loads and distribution transformer, the use of behind-the-meter (BTM) photovoltaic (PV) source, battery energy storage and electric vehicle, load scheduling, and less utilization of loads that have distortion factors during office hours are proposed. A performance comparison has been made without and with considering the proposed BTM solution, load scheduling and loads having distortion factors. Simulation results show that, due to lockdown situation of COVID-19 issue, the residential loads consumptions increase during office hours and hence the local distribution transformer gets affected. Also, the proposed BTM solution, load scheduling and less utilization of loads having harmonic distortion can cope up with the increased energy consumptions during office hours.
Hydrazine (N2H4) Formation via Coupling of a NiIII‐NH2 Radical

M(NH x ) intermediates involved in N-N bond formation are central to ammonia oxidation (AO) catalysis, an enabling technology to ultimately exploit ammonia (NH 3 ) as an alternative fuel source. While homocoupling of a terminal amide species (M-NH 2 ) to form hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) has been proposed, well-defined examples are without precedent. Herein, we discuss the generation and electronic structure of a Ni III -NH 2 species that undergoes bimolecular coupling to generate a Ni II 2 (N 2 H 4 ) complex. This hydrazine adduct can be further oxidized to a structurally unusual Ni 2 (N 2 H 2 ) species; the latter releases N 2 in the presence of NH 3 , thus establishing a synthetic cycle for Ni-mediated AO. Distribution of the redox load for H 2 N-NH 2 formation via NH 2 coupling between two metal centers presents an attractive strategy for AO catalysis using Earth-abundant, late first-row metals.
An Unanticipated Role for Sphingosine Kinase-2 in Bone and in the Anabolic Effect of Parathyroid Hormone.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an anabolic clastokine. Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) is the rate-limiting enzyme in S1P production and has 2 isoforms. To evaluate the roles of SPHK1 and SPHK2 in bone, we examined the skeletal phenotype of mice with selective deletion of SPHK1 in osteoclasts (SPHK1-Oc-/-) and mice in which the SPHK2 gene was deleted in all tissues (SPHK2-/-). SPHK1-Oc-/- had normal bone mass. By contrast, SPHK2-/- female mice had a 14% lower spinal bone mineral density (BMD; P < 0.01) and males a 22% lower BMD at the same site (P < 0.001). SPHK2-/- and control mice were subsequently treated either with daily parathyroid hormone [PTH](1-34) or vehicle for 29 days. The response to PTH was significantly attenuated in the SPHK2-/-mice. The mean femoral bone volume to total volume fraction (BV/TV) increased by 24.8% in the PTH-treated female control animals vs 10.6% in the vehicle-treated female controls (P < 0.01). In contrast, in the SPHK2-/- female mice the difference in femoral trabecular BV/TV at the end of treatment was not significant (20.5 vs13.3%, PTH vs vehicle, P = NS). The anabolic response to PTH was significantly attenuated in the spine of male SPHK2-/- mice (29.7% vs 23.1%, PTH vs vehicle, in controls, P < 0.05; 26.9% vs 19.5% PTH vs vehicle in SPHK2-/- mice, P = NS). The spine responded normally in the SPHK2-/- female mice. Interestingly, suppression of sclerostin was blunted in the SPHK2-/- mice when those animals were treated with an anabolic PTH regimen. We conclude that SPHK2 has an important role in mediating both normal bone remodeling and the anabolic response to PTH.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a relatively uncommon disorder, characterized by autoreactive antibodies directed against endogenous red blood cell antigens. AIHA caused by warm-reacting antibodies is the most common form, and half of these are idiopathic. Excluding secondary causes of AIHA is the first step in treatment decision-making. Treatment of AIHA is also dictated by the type of causative antibody, patient’s age, and comorbidities. Warm AIHA responds well to corticosteroids initially, but a second-line, steroid-sparing treatment is commonly needed. Rituximab, splenectomy, and immunosuppressive medications are used as second-line treatment options in warm AIHA; however, the optimal order of these therapies is not yet known. Cold AIHA is usually part of an underlying illness or disease, and does not respond well to steroids or splenectomy; and rituximab is the first-line treatment in adult forms of monoclonal cold agglutinin disease. In this chapter, we discuss the treatment approaches to different forms of AIHA and emphasize differences between adult and pediatric AIHA. We also discuss novel treatment approaches, especially for specific forms of secondary AIHA, highlighting how unraveling the genetic mechanisms of AIHA can lead to more precise and effective therapies that avoid toxicities.
Reproducible Hyperparameter Optimization

A key issue in machine learning research is the lack of reproducibility. We illustrate what role hyperparameter search plays in this problem and how regular hyperparameter search methods can lead t...
An argumentation-based multi-agent temporal planning system built on t-DeLP

In this contribution, we study a system for argumentation-based backward planning built on t-DeLP, a temporal extension of Garcia and Simari’s argumentation system known as defeasible logic programming framework (DeLP). In t-DeLP programs, temporal facts and defeasible temporal rules combine into arguments, which compare against each other to decide which of their conclusions are to prevail. We present a planning system by introducing actions (as in temporal planning) into this logical framework, and then study centralized algorithms for backward planning in scenarios involving multiple executing agents.
Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: Evaluation and Management

The evolution of imaging techniques and their increased use in clinical practice have led to a higher detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The diagnosis of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is a source of significant stress to the patient because of the concerns for aneurysmal rupture, which is associated with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important that decisions regarding optimum management are made based on the comparison of the risk of aneurysmal rupture with the risk associated with intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on the current evidence in the literature. Furthermore, the authors discuss the genetic abnormalities associated with intracranial aneurysm and current guidelines for screening in patients with a family history of intracranial aneurysms. Since there is significant controversy in the optimum management of small unruptured intracranial aneurysms, we provided a systematic approach to their management based on patient and aneurysm characteristics as well as the risks and benefits of intervention.
Measuring and Understanding Extreme-Scale Application Resilience: A Field Study of 5,000,000 HPC Application Runs

This paper presents an in-depth characterization of the resiliency of more than 5 million HPC application runs completed during the first 518 production days of Blue Waters, a 13.1 petaflop Cray hybrid supercomputer. Unlike past work, we measure the impact of system errors and failures on user applications, i.e., the compiled programs launched by user jobs that can execute across one or more XE (CPU) or XK (CPU+GPU) nodes. The characterization is performed by means of a joint analysis of several data sources, which include workload and error/failure logs. In order to relate system errors and failures to the executed applications, we developed LogDiver, a tool to automate the data pre-processing and metric computation. Some of the lessons learned in this study include: i) while about 1.53% of applications fail due to system problems, the failed applications contribute to about 9% of the production node hours executed in the measured period, i.e., the system consumes computing resources, and system-related issues represent a potentially significant energy cost for the work lost, ii) there is a dramatic increase in the application failure probability when executing full-scale applications: 20x (from 0.008 to 0.162) when scaling XE applications from 10,000 to 22,000 nodes, and 6x (from 0.02 to 0.129) when scaling GPU/hybrid applications from 2000 to 4224 nodes, and iii) the resiliency of hybrid applications is impaired by the lack of adequate error detection capabilities in hybrid nodes.
Retributive justice: Its social context.

Until relatively recently, social psychologists have given less attention to retributive justice than to other forms of justice, such as distributive and procedural justice. Although interest in retributive justice is increasing, the fact remains that social psychological research on retribution has tended to ignore, or at least downplay, the insights of sociologists in deference to an approach that examines how individuals respond to deviant acts. Without rejecting psychological analyses, this chapter draws attention to the social context and social consequences of retributive justice. Group dynamics are at play in a wide array of settings in which people respond to rule or norm violations, but in this essay I will draw primarily upon more than a quarter century of research, much of it previously unpublished, that examines community reactions to criminal events. However, at the end of the essay I argue that the issues raised by the research can and should be tested in more mundane settings in which rule violations occur.
Cocoonase IV. MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION OF PROCOCOONASE FROM ANTHERAEA POLYPHEMUS

Abstract A glycoprotein obtained from the maxillary galeae of the silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus has been established as the zymogen (prococoonase) of the proteolytic enzyme cocoonase. A study of the in vitro activation of prococoonase and comparison of the properties of the resultant product with those of the native enzyme have confirmed this relationship. This comparison revealed (a) identical electrophoretic mobilities on polyacrylamide gels, (b) identical molecular weights, (c) identical apparent Km values for the hydrolysis of Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester, (d) indistinguishable amino acid compositions, and (e) the same NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid sequence. The in vitro mechanism of activation of prococoonase by cocoonase was shown to be autocatalytic by kinetic analysis. Cocoonase also resulted from prococoonase activation by bovine trypsin, but the rate was 480 times faster than activation by cocoonase itself. Prococoonase was also activated by porcine enterokinase at about 75% the rate of the autocatalytic activation. Sedimentation equilibrium and sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide electrophoresis of proenzyme and enzyme indicated a molecular weight difference of 2,000 to 3,500. By comparison of the NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid sequences of prococoonase and cocoonase, it was concluded that activation involves the removal of a 13-residue peptide from the NH2-terminal end of prococoonase. The composition of this peptide is compared to other trypsinogen-trypsin activation peptides and an in vivo mechanism for prococoonase activation is proposed.
The Uruguay Round and Dispute Resolution: Building a Private-Interests System of Justice

This article analyzes the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (the “Round”) in the area of dispute resolution as the Round is entering what many hope to be its “final sprint.” A package of “improvements” relating to dispute resolution were put into effect “on a trial basis” following the December 1988 - April 1989 Midterm Review. Negotiators appended to the Draft Final Act a lengthy draft Understanding on dispute resolution. If the major substantive issues in the Round can be successfully resolved, GATT is poised to implement a substantial reform of its dispute resolution procedures. This article utilizes the public/private theoretical framework in its analysis of the Round negotiations on dispute settlement. The public/private framework is the dichotomy between institutions and procedures designed to serve private interests and those designed to serve the public interest. In the international trade context, “public” refers to the community of trading nations, represented by GATT; “private” refers to the individual members of that community, the states that are the contracting parties of GATT. GATT is structured primarily along the lines of a private interests community. However, it can be argued that GATT actually possesses the central characteristic of a public interest community. This article suggests that the Understanding would institute a dispute resolution process consistent with the model of an affirmative, active private interests community. However, it would also prepare the way for the procedures and institutions that will be needed if GATT continues to evolve into a public interest community.
A rare-male advantage in the housefly induced by wing clipping and some general considerations for Drosophila.

Multiple-choice crosses among five geographic strains of the housefly, Musca domestica L., were carried out in equal (10:10) and low-frequency (4:16) ratios. Initially, a low-frequency-male mating advantage was apparent, but further analyses related this minority advantage to a reduction of male mating success during marking by wing clipping. When there are fluctuating differences in the level of sexual vigor between competing male types over replicate trials of a cross, a mating advantage will accrue to the minority type. Even if males from the two competing strains are equally vigorous, such fluctuating differences will occur during sampling of flies. Harming the flies during marking will serve to enhance this effect and make significant departures toward greater mating success of rare males highly likely. This statistical bias in favor of minority males was substantiated in simulations of the Kence-Bryant model of mating success and compared with our results of a minority advantage in the housefly and with published results of a minority advantage in Drosophila. Our evidence, though circumstantial, that an advantage to minority males could have been induced by such an experimental bias suggests that a re-examination of existing data, as well as new experimentation, is necessary to discern whether or not a real rare-male advantage exists.
Accurate programming of analog floating-gate arrays

This paper presents an accurate method for programming analog values into an array of floating-gate pFETs. Channel hot-electron (CHE) injection is used to program the devices and the programming algorithm is based upon a representation of the physical injection equation. The programming accuracy is dependent upon the physical parameters fitting of this equation and the algorithm updates these physical parameters to correspond with the current region of operation. The control circuits used to access each element and program the array are contained on a custom programming board which interfaces to a computer via a serial connection.
Party politics, political economy, and economic development in early eighteenth‐century Britain

Economic growth and change in eighteenth-century Britain, both the expansion of pre-industrial commercial society and the industrial revolution itself, have been explored using a variety of approaches. This article highlights a relatively ignored aspect of the problem, arguing that the state, politics, and political economic ideology played a central role. In particular, the early eighteenth-century political victory of a version of political economy associated with the Whig party, which centred on manufacturing and consumption, was a prerequisite for the economic developments later in the century. The article begins by describing a political economy of manufacturing and its rival, a political economy of re-exporting associated with the Tory party. It then explains how and why a political economy of manufacturing became dominant, examining both political elites and ordinary voters and petitioners. The growth of manufacturing and consumption must be understood, therefore, as political as much as economic events.
Implementation of a high speed multiport register file in a 1.8 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS bulk and SOI technology

The experimental hardware results of a high speed 8-port, 32 word/spl times/64-bit register file in 1.8 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS bulk and SOI silicon technology are presented. Such a register file is designed for bulk technology but is also remapped and fabricated in SOI technology without any body contacts. It is shown that the register file in SOI achieves more than 20% performance gain over the counterpart.
Large currents in random resistor networks.

The distribution of currents in random resistor networks is studied numerically, and the results are compared with recent predictions. The configuration of resistors in the neighborhood of large currents is shown to have a ``funnel'' shape.
In Vitro Induction of HIV-1 Replication in Resting CD4+ T Cells Derived from Individuals with Undetectable Plasma Viremia upon Stimulation with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I

Abstract Microbial coinfections have been associated with transient bursts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia in patients. In this study we investigated whether human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), another human retrovirus that is prevalent among certain HIV-infected populations, can induce HIV-1 replication in patients who had been successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. We demonstrate that supernatants from HTLV-I-producing MT-2 cells can induce in vitro replication of HIV-1 from highly purified, resting CD4+ T cells obtained from individuals with undetectable plasma viremia. Depletion of proinflammatory cytokines from the supernatants reduced, but did not abrogate, the ability to induce HIV-1 replication, indicating that other factors such as HTLV-I Tax or Env also have a role. The HTLV-I-mediated effect does not require productive infection: exposure to heat-inactivated HTLV-I virions, purified Tax protein, or HTLV-I Env glycoprotein also induced expression of HIV-1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that coculture of resting CD4+ T cells with autologous CD8+ T cells markedly inhibits the HTLV-I-induced virus replication. Our results suggest that coinfection with HTLV-I may induce viral replication in the latent viral reservoirs; however, CD8+ T cells may play an important role in controlling the spread of virus upon microbial stimulation.
Personal Internet use at work: Understanding cyberslacking

Cyberslacking, typically defined as the use of Internet and mobile technology during work hours for personal purposes, is a growing concern for organizations due to the potential in lost revenue; however, the majority of academic research in this area has focused on a limited number of cyberslacking behaviors and/or employed small, non-representative samples. In order to address these limitations, the present study employs a nationally representative sample of American workers and tests the relationship between nine cyberslacking behaviors and a variety of demographic and work-specific predictors. Three measures of cyberslacking are employed to provide a richer analysis of the phenomenon: individual behaviors, frequency of cyberslacking, and variety of cyberslacking. Results indicate that being younger, male, and a racial minority positively predict cyberslacking variety and frequency, as do routinized Internet use at work and higher perceived Internet utility. Results are discussed as to how the present study expands on previous research, and directions for future research are indicated.
Revision des Atomgewichtes von Neodym. 1. Mitteilung: Die Analyse von Neodymchlorid

1. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass fur die Herstellung von Salzen der seltenen Erden im reinen Zustand die Kristallisation in mehr als einer Form ratsam ist.
Resident educational interventions on child restraint devices are ineffective in influencing parental behavior |[dagger]| 683

Objective: To evaluate the use before and after intervention of Child Restraint Devices (CRD's) and seat belts of children and drivers of families who had been seen in a children's hospital clinic setting. A pediatric resident sponsored Car Seat/Seat Belt Display booth in the outpatient clinic setting was the intervention.