cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE AND EXPOSURE TO VIDEO GAME VIOLENCE

According to the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), individuals become capable of withstanding the pain and fear associated with a suicide attempt through habituation to painful and/or frightening stimuli. This capability, referred to as the acquired capability for suicide, is composed of both pain tolerance and fearlessness about death. Although most often these two components have been confounded in the literature, recent investigations utilizing the IPTS have found differential relationships between these components and specific life experiences. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between exposure to violent video games and both components of acquired capability. Given that a limited number of studies have found relationships between suicide ideation and excessive video game play, we also investigated the relationships among violent video game exposure, thwarted belongingness, perceived burden-someness, and passive suicide ideation. We hypothesized that exposure t...
Occupational stress: Coping of police and their spouses

One hundred seventy-seven police officers and their spouses from two metropolitan areas completed separate questionnaires regarding stress and coping. Both the police and spouses reported using four coping activities in response to their own stressors: problem focused, emotion focused, religiosity, and rugged individualism. Three potential police strains previously noted in non-empirical literature were given special attention; divorce potential, drinking behavior, and suicide thoughts.
Cardiac arrest at induction of anesthesia in a child with undiagnosed right‐ventricular dependent coronary circulation: a case report

thetics, with an overall mortality rate of 26%. The etiology of the arrest is identifiable in the majority of these patients. We report the case of a child with a complex congenital heart defect, who sustained a cardiac arrest at induction of anesthesia, secondary to right-ventricular dependent coronary circulation. We discuss the incidence, risks, anesthetic management and outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest in the perioperative period especially in patients with complex congenital heart disease.
Modulation of Prion Formation, Aggregation, and Toxicity by the Actin Cytoskeleton in Yeast

Self-perpetuating protein aggregates transmit prion diseases in mammals and heritable traits in yeast. De novo prion formation can be induced by transient overproduction of the corresponding prion-forming protein or its prion domain. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast prion protein Sup35 interacts with various proteins of the actin cortical cytoskeleton that are involved in endocytosis. Sup35-derived aggregates, generated in the process of prion induction, are associated with the components of the endocytic/vacuolar pathway. Mutational alterations of the cortical actin cytoskeleton decrease aggregation of overproduced Sup35 and de novo prion induction and increase prion-related toxicity in yeast. Deletion of the gene coding for the actin assembly protein Sla2 is lethal in cells containing the prion isoforms of both Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins simultaneously. Our data are consistent with a model in which cytoskeletal structures provide a scaffold for generation of large aggregates, resembling mammalian aggresomes. These aggregates promote prion formation. Moreover, it appears that the actin cytoskeleton also plays a certain role in counteracting the toxicity of the overproduced potentially aggregating proteins.
Growth cones of chick sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro interact with other neurons in a cell-specific manner.

The ability of the growth cones of sympathetic preganglionic neurons to recognize the neurons they encounter during their outgrowth and to react to them in a cell-type-specific manner may play a role in guiding them to appropriate targets during development in vivo. In this study, we examined the in vitro growth of sympathetic preganglionic neurons as they interacted with motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and sympathetic ganglion neurons. All of these cell types might potentially be encountered by a growing preganglionic axon. The interaction of sympathetic preganglionic growth cones with each cell type was distinct. Sympathetic preganglionic growth cones fasciculated on motor- neuron neurites, collapsed after contact with the cell bodies and neurites of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and grew across the cell bodies and neurites of sympathetic ganglion neurons. These cell-type- specific responses stand in contrast to the collapse and retraction reported to be the most common growth-cone behaviors that result from contact between central and peripheral neurons in vitro and suggest that contact-mediated recognition might be sufficient for growth to and interaction with appropriate targets.
Inflammatory PAF Receptor Signaling Initiates Hedgehog Signaling and Kidney Fibrogenesis During Ethanol Consumption.

Acute inflammation either resolves or proceeds to fibrotic repair that replaces functional tissue. Pro-fibrotic hedgehog signaling and induction of its Gli transcription factor in pericytes induces fibrosis in kidney, but molecular instructions connecting inflammation to fibrosis are opaque. We show acute kidney inflammation resulting from chronic ingestion of the common xenobiotic ethanol initiates Gli1 transcription and hedgehog synthesis in kidney pericytes, and promotes renal fibrosis. Ethanol ingestion stimulated transcription of TGF-s, collagens I and IV, and alpha-smooth muscle actin with accumulation of these proteins. This was accompanied by deposition of extracellular fibrils. Ethanol catabolism by CYP2E1 in kidney generates local reactive oxygen species that oxidize cellular phospholipids to phospholipid products that activate the Platelet-activating Factor receptor (PTAFR) for inflammatory phospholipids. Genetically deleting this ptafr locus abolished accumulation of mRNA for TGF-s, collagen IV, and α-smooth muscle actin. Loss of PTAFR also abolished ethanol-stimulated Sonic (Shh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) expression, and abolished transcription and accumulation of Gli1. Shh induced in pericytes and Ihh in tubules escaped to urine of ethanol-fed mice. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is required for ethanol-induced kidney inflammation, and Shh was not present in kidney or urine of mpo-/- mice. Shh also was present in urine of patients with acute kidney injury, but not in normal individuals or those with fibrotic liver cirrhosis We conclude neither endogenous PTAFR signaling nor CYP2E1-generated radicals alone are sufficient to initiate hedgehog signaling, but instead PTAFR-dependent neutrophil infiltration with myeloperoxidase activation is necessary to initiate ethanol-induced fibrosis in kidney. We also show fibrogenic mediators escape to urine, defining a new class of urinary mechanistic biomarkers of fibrogenesis for an organ not commonly biopsied.
Long-Term Job Satisfaction as a Legal Writing Professional

This article focuses on the position of legal writing faculty and progress of change. The author argues that legal writing faculty should focus on the positive aspects of the position rather than the negative aspects. The article goes on outline these advantages and disadvantages.
Electrochemical disinfection of toilet wastewater using wastewater electrolysis cell

The paucity of proper sanitation facilities has contributed to the spread of waterborne diseases in many developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a wastewater electrolysis cell (WEC) for toilet wastewater disinfection. The treated wastewater was designed to reuse for toilet flushing and agricultural irrigation. Laboratory-scale electrochemical (EC) disinfection experiments were performed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of the WEC with four seeded microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, recombinant adenovirus serotype 5, and bacteriophage MS2). In addition, the formation of organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5) at the end of the EC treatment was also investigated. The results showed that at an applied cell voltage of +4 V, the WEC achieved 5-log10 reductions of all four seeded microorganisms in real toilet wastewater within 60 min. In contrast, chemical chlorination (CC) disinfection using hypochlorite [NaClO] was only effective for the inactivation of bacteria. Due to the rapid formation of chloramines, less than 0.5-log10 reduction of MS2 was observed in toilet wastewater even at the highest [NaClO] dosage (36 mg/L, as Cl2) over a 1 h reaction. Experiments using laboratory model waters showed that free reactive chlorine generated in situ during EC disinfection process was the main disinfectant responsible for the inactivation of microorganisms. However, the production of hydroxyl radicals [OH], and other reactive oxygen species by the active bismuth-doped TiO2 anode were negligible under the same electrolytic conditions. The formation of THMs and HAA5 were found to increase with higher applied cell voltage. Based on the energy consumption estimates, the WEC system can be operated using solar energy stored in a DC battery as the sole power source.
Factors Influencing the Increasing Disparity in LDL Cholesterol Control Between White and Black Patients With Diabetes in a Context of Active Quality Improvement

After implementing a multifaceted physician-directed quality improvement (QI) initiative, an increased disparity in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control between white and black diabetes patients was observed. To examine possible causes, a retrospective analysis of 962 black and white patients treated continuously between 2008 and 2010 was performed. At baseline, 55.0% of whites and 49.8% of blacks were controlled (5.2% disparity). The disparity increased, with 61.8% of whites and 44.6% of blacks having control in 2010 (17.2% disparity). Among patients uncontrolled at baseline, blacks were less likely to become controlled. Among patients controlled at baseline, blacks were less likely to remain controlled; accounting for patient characteristics and changes in lipid-lowering drug prescription regimens did not attenuate these relationships. Physician-facing, general QI interventions may be insufficient to produce equity in LDL cholesterol control. Helping patients maintain prior success controlling cholesterol appears as important in addressing this disparity as is helping uncontrolled patients achieve control.
Poverty Among Older Americans: The Plight of Nonmetropolitan Elders

Elderly persons in nonmetropolitan areas are more likely to be poor than their metropolitan counterparts, and the gap between them increases with age. This study provides a comprehensive empirical comparison of the nature of income poverty among metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) elders. Drawing on the 1990 Current Population Survey, we document differences in poverty by age and for various demographic subgroups of the elderly population. These analyses show that poverty rates are higher among nonmetro elders for virtually all demographic subgroups. We estimate logistic regression models to predict the likelihood that elders are poor to separate the effects of population composition from those of nonmetro residence. We find that even after controlling for age, sex, race, marital status, and living arrangements, nonmetro elders are more likely to be poor than those in metro areas.
Applying the Oligomer Approach to Luminescent Conjugated Organoboranes

A series of highly luminescent monodisperse fluoreneborane oligomers (n = 1–6) were prepared using a new iterative synthetic procedure that takes advantage of the highly selective and differential reactivity of bromoboranes with arylsilanes and arylstannanes. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry revealed a gradual decrease of the LUMO energy levels with increasing chain length, while absorption and emission data showed a bathochromic shift and increase in quantum efficiency. An extended conjugation length of nECL = 5 was derived.
Influence of Oat Fractions on Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Aortic Ruptures of Turkeys

Abstract BEALL et al. (1963) demonstrated that treatment of turkeys with diethylstilbestrol (D.E.S.) can cause the development of aortic ruptures. As a result of another study of Simpson and Harms (1966) it was suggested that such aortic rhexis resulted from the hyperlipemia and aortic atherosclerosis that followed D.E.S. treatments. Previously Simpson and Harms (1964) had reported that the incidence of D.E.S.-induced aortic ruptures could be altered by dietary composition. Higher mortality resulted when either a 16.1% protein diet lacking oats and animal fat or a 24.7% protein diet containing animal fat but lacking oats were fed, as compared with a 19.1% protein diet containing whole ground oats and no added animal fat. Fisher and Griminger (1967), in an experiment involving the feeding of a hypercholesterolemic diet to chicks, found that ground oats, oat hulls, and whole ground oats had a plasma cholesterol lowering effect. Thus, recognizing the influence of feeding of…
Comparison of insulin hypersensitivity of adrenalectomized and of hypophysectomized dogs.

Summary and ConclusionsThe adrenaleo-tomized dog is more sensitive to insulin than the normal dog but less sensitive than the hypophysectomized dog. This is true so long as the adrenalectomized dog, whether with or without DCA maintenance, is still well-nourished and tested only in the post-absorptive state. It is concluded that the adrenal cortical atrophy is an important factor in the production of the insulin hypersensitivity of the hypophysectomized dog. However, absence of an anterior pituitary factor (other than ACTH) is also of great importance in the production of this metabolic abnormality.
How Depressive Symptomatology of Mothers of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Relates to their Participation in Relationship Focused Intervention

This descriptive, exploratory study investigated whether the depressive symptoms of mothers of young children with Pervasive Developmental Disabilities (PDD) was associated with their participation in a relationship focused intervention. Nineteen parent-child dyads received weekly Responsive Teaching (RT) intervention sessions for 10 months. Results indicated significant pre- post- differences in parents’ responsivenss with their children as well as children’s development and social emotional functioning. Changes in mothers’ responsivenss accounted for between 5 to 26% of the variance in intervention changes in children’s development and social emotional functioning. While mothers’ depressive symptoms were not associated with intervention changes in responsiveness, they were negatively associated with intervention changes in children’s development and social emotional functioning. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for early intervention practice. Keywords: Early intervention, Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Relationship, Focused Intervention, Parental Responsiveness, Parenting Depression
Simultaneous detection of carbaryl and atrazine in water by HPLC

Objective: To establish a method to examine carbaryl and atrazine in drinking water by HPLC at same time.Methods:The examined sample was chosen by dichloromethane and rotary vapoured to almost dry,use methylalcohol solute it,use to set dosage,use methylalochol and water as fluent,detected by photodiode array detector,the speed of fluent was 1.0 m per minute.Results:The least limit of detection was 0.05 mg per litre and 0.15 mg per litre each one.In the scope of add standard solution from 10 mg to 30 mg,the rate of recovery was from 90.8% to 99.7%,the RSD from 0.72% to 1.20%.Conclusion:The method of examining carbaryl and atrazine in drinking water by HPLC has the accuracy in determining its speciality.The operation is fast.Its result is precise and believable.
Probabilistic load flow method based on Nataf transformation and quasi Monte Carlo simulation

A probabilistic load flow method capable of processing the correlation among input variables is proposed based on the Nataf transformation and quasi Monte Carlo simulation,which adopts the singular value decomposition to deal with the symmetric non-positive correlation coefficient matrix. The effectiveness and universality of the proposed method are verified by the simulations for IEEE 30-bus system and a practical large power grid. The simulative results show that,compared with the ranking method based on Cholesky decomposition,the singular value decomposition can flexibly deal with the non-positive correlation coefficient matrix without additional computational burden,while,compared with the normal method based on Latin hypercube under the same sample size,the proposed method has higher convergence speed and higher computational accuracy,especially the standard deviation accuracy of output variables.
Patient-Centered Communication: Exploring the Dentist’s Role in the Era of e-Patients and Health 2.0

In today's digital era, people are increasingly relying on the Internet-including social media-to access health information and inform their health decisions. This article describes an exploratory initiative to better understand and define the role of dentists in patient education in the context of e-patients and Health 2.0. This initiative consisted of four phases. In Phase I, an interdisciplinary expert advisory committee was assembled for a roundtable discussion about patients' health information-seeking behaviors online. In Phase II, a pilot case study was conducted, with methods and analysis informed by Phase I recommendations. Phase III consisted of a debriefing conference to outline future areas of research on modernizing health communication strategies. In Phase IV, the findings and working theories were presented to 75 dental students, who then took a survey regarding their perspectives with the objective of guiding potential curriculum design for predoctoral courses. The results of the survey showed that the validity of online content was often secondary to the strength of the network sharing it and that advocacy online could be more effective if it allowed for emotional connections with peers rather than preserving accuracy of the information. Students expressed high interest in learning how to harness modern health communications in their clinical care since the role of the dentist is evolving from giving information to giving personalized guidance against the backdrop of an often contradictory modern information environment. The authors recommend that the dental profession develop patient-centered health communication training for predoctoral students and professional development and continuing education for practicing professionals.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children.

OBJECTIVES: To report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in a child, and review reports of 11 other paediatric cases of NMS. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 6-year-old child treated with thioridazine for behavioural disturbance developed NMS following an episode of dehydration. The clinical features of this case are compared to other reports of NMS in childhood, and in adults, where the disease is far more common, usually being precipitated by major tranquillisers. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The patient made a full recovery with supportive management. In adults the disease has a mortality of 15%-40%, and two of the previously reported paediatric cases have also been fatal. Treatment options, including dantrolene and antiparkinsonian agents are reviewed. CONCLUSION: NMS is rare in childhood, but is usually precipitated by commonly prescribed drugs. There is a significant mortality associated with the condition, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a good outcome.
The Foreign Investment Front

On 17 January 1991, the White House approved the huge Japanese robot and machine tool producer Fanuc’s purchase of a 40 per cent controlling interest in Moore Special Tool Inc., the last American producer of precision tools used, among other things, to make nuclear weapons. The decision followed a half year review by the Committee on Foreign Investment set up by the 1988 Exxon-Florio Law. The Administration was deeply divided over the purchase, with the Defense, Commerce and Energy Departments arguing that to allow Moore to fall into Japanese hands would represent a major national security breach, and the State and Treasury Departments characteristically advocating open American markets at any cost. Besides, the free marketeers argued, no American purchaser could be found and the choice was either Japanese control over Moore or its bankruptcy. Chairman of the House High Technology Committee, Mel Levine, lamented that "failure to stop this sale sends a clear signal that everything, no matter how vital to our interests, is for sale in the United States".1 Worried by Congressional criticism, Fanuc announced on 10 February 1991 an abandonment of its takeover attempt.2
GABA-ERGIC Deficit in ADHD

Neuroradiologists from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine investigated the GABAergic component of ADHD using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA concentration in somatosensory and motor cortices.
Solvent Dependent Dynamics of Salicylidene Aniline in Binary Mixtures of Supercritical CO2 with 1-Propanol or Cyclohexane.

The role of different solvent environments in determining the behavior of molecules in solution is a fundamental aspect of chemical reactivity. We present an approach for exploring the influence of solvent properties on condensed-phase dynamics using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy in supercritical CO2. Using supercritical CO2 permits adjustment of the density, by varying the temperature and pressure, whereas varying the concentration or identity of a second solvent, the cosolvent, in a binary mixture allows for adjustments of the degree of interaction between the solute and the solvent. Salicylidene aniline, a prototypical excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer system, is the subject of this study. In this system, the decay rate of the transient absorption signal decreases as the fraction of the cosolvent (for both 1-propanol and cyclohexane) increases. The decay rate also decreases with an increase in the viscosity of the mixture, but the effect is much larger for the 1-propanol cosolv...
Using the XFEL to drive gain in L-shell systems using photoionization processes

Six years ago an inner-shell X-ray laser was demonstrated at 849 eV in singly ionized neon using the X-FEL at 960 eV to photo-ionize the 1s electron in neutral neon followed by lasing on the 2p – 1s transition in singly-ionized neon. It required a very strong X-ray source that could photo-ionize the 1s (K-shell) electron on a time scale comparable to the intrinsic auger lifetime of 2 fsec. We extend this work from K-shell to L-shell transitions. We show how the XFEL could be used photo-ionize L-shell electrons to drive gain on n=3-2 transitions in singly-ionized Ar and Cu plasmas. For Ar this requires an XFEL above 250 or 330 eV with lasing on 3-2 lines at 220 and 310 eV. The Cu scheme requires an XFEL above 960 eV with lasing on 3d-2p lines at 928 and 948 eV. We will also discuss extending this work to photoionizing the M-shell with lasing on n=4-3 transitions in singly ionized neodymium.
Bidirectional possibilistic dominance in uncertain decision making

Abstract Our concern is with comparing variables whose values are possibility distributions on an ordered space Y. We introduce the idea of a possibilistic exceedance function, PED, a function that indicates the possibility that the value of variable is at least as large a given value in Y. We use this to define the idea of possibilistic dominance. We say one possibility distribution possibilistically dominates another distribution if its PED has at least as large value for all elements in Y. We suggest that possibilistic dominance can be used to order possibility distributions. We introduce surrogates for possibilistic dominance. We then point out that if one distribution has a PED at least large as another distribution for all elements in Y then it has a bigger possibility of attaining both large and small values in Y. In order to circumvent this we introduce the idea of bi-directional possibilistic dominance, here we require the dominant distribution to have a larger PED value for the higher values in Y and a smaller PED for the lower values in Y.
Postoperative Schmerztherapie: Grundlagen, Organisation und Ausblick

Schmerz das individuelle, auserst subjektive Erleben eines korperlichen Phanomens und ein komplizierter Prozess sensorischer Wahrnehmung, der sensorisch-diskriminative, autonom-somatosensorische, kognitiv-verhaltensbestimmende und emotional-affektive Komponenten beinhaltet. Schmerz ist nicht nur Begleitsymptom, sondern als eigenstandiger krankmachender Faktor, der sowohl Morbiditat als auch Letalitat beeinflussen kann. Daher darf Schmerztherapie nicht dem Zufall oder dem Engagement Einzelner uberlassen bleiben, sondern muss organisiert sein.
THz detection in sub-threshold Si MOSFETs by non-linear channel electron density modulation

In this paper, we explain the THz detection mechanism in sub-threshold Si MOSFETs by exploiting the exponential dependence of channel electron density to the gate-source voltage. According to our theory, this high frequency non-linear dependence is the underlying mechanism for rectification of THz radiation. The maximum detection frequency is limited by dielectric relaxation time of the electrons inside the channel close to the source region, which lies well into the THz range. Extensive two-dimensional TCAD device simulations in time domain support our proposed theory.
Difficult Interpersonal Encounters with Medical Students and Residents: Two Objective Standardized Teaching Encounters

Introduction Objective standardized teaching exercises (OSTEs) are widely used to develop professional competencies, especially in the health care professions. An OSTE involves exposing different p...
Polar orientation of renal grafts within the proximal seal zone affects risk of early type Ia endoleaks after chimney endovascular aneurysm repair

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to describe the polar orientation of renal chimney grafts within the proximal seal zone and to determine whether graft orientation is associated with early type IA endoleak or renal graft compression after chimney endovascular aneurysm repair (ch-EVAR). Methods Patients who underwent ch-EVAR with at least one renal chimney graft from 2009 to 2015 were included in this analysis. Centerline three-dimensional reconstructions were used to analyze postoperative computed tomography scans. The 12-o'clock polar position was set at the takeoff of the superior mesenteric artery. Relative polar positions of chimney grafts were recorded at the level of the renal artery ostium, at the mid-seal zone, and at the proximal edge of the graft fabric. Early type IA endoleaks were defined as evidence of a perigraft flow channel within the proximal seal zone. Results There were 62 consecutive patients who underwent ch-EVAR (35 double renal, 27 single renal) for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms with a mean follow-up of 31.2 months; 18 (29%) early type IA “gutter” endoleaks were identified. During follow-up, the majority of these (n = 13; 72%) resolved without intervention, whereas two patients required reintervention (3.3%). Estimated renal graft patency was 88.9% at 60 months. Left renal chimney grafts were most commonly at the 3-o'clock position (51.1%) at the ostium, traversing posteriorly to the 5- to 7-o'clock positions (55.5%) at the fabric edge. Right renal chimney grafts started most commonly at the 9-o'clock position (n = 17; 33.3%) and tended to traverse both anteriorly (11 to 1 o'clock; 39.2%) and posteriorly (5 to 7 o'clock; 29.4%) at the fabric edge. In the polar plane, the majority of renal chimney grafts (n = 83; 85.6%) traversed 90 degrees were independently associated with early type IA endoleaks (odds ratio, 11.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-64.8) even after controlling for other device and anatomic variables. Polar orientation of the chimney grafts was not associated with graft kinking or compression (P = .38) or occlusion (P = .10). Takeoff angle of the renal arteries was the most significant predictor of chimney graft orientation. Caudally directed arteries (takeoff angle >30 degrees) were less likely to have implanted chimney grafts that traversed >90 degrees in polar angle (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.55). Conclusions Renal chimney grafts vary considerably in both starting position and their polar trajectory within the proximal seal zone. Grafts that traverse >90 degrees in polar angle within the seal zone may be at increased risk of early type IA endoleaks and require more frequent imaging surveillance. Caudally directed renal arteries result in a more favorable polar geometry (eg, cranial-caudal orientation) with respect to endoleak risk and thus are more ideal candidates for parallel graft strategies.
Recovery patterns after local muscular fatigue for different levels of isometric strength.

135 male subjects were randomized into three major experimental groups and given 30 repeated isometric wrist flexion trials. Each trial was a 5-second maximal exertion. An intertriai rest pause of either 5, 10, or 20 seconds was allowed in each major group. After the fatigue series, subjects were followed for recovery by securing a 2-second maximal contraction each minute for a period of 10 minutes. Based upon the first two trials in the fatigue series, subjects in each major experimental group were divided into subgroups representing high, middle, and low levels of strength. Recovery patterns were analyzed by an analysis of variance of trends. Although different levels of strength demonstrated dissimilar fatigue patterns, their 10-minute recovery patterns were similar differing only in absolute level. After the fatigue series with 10- and 20-second intertriai rest pauses, low level strength groups showed a recovery pattern which rose significantly above initial maximum strength.
The Shade of a Criminal Record: Colorism, Incarceration, and External Racial Classification

Recent high-profile research suggests that social indicators like incarceration influence racial categorization. Yet, this research has largely ignored colorism—intraracial differences in skin tone...
Subclinical inflammation phenotypes and long‐term outcomes after pediatric kidney transplantation

The implementation of surveillance biopsies in pediatric kidney transplantation remains controversial. Surveillance biopsies detect subclinical injury prior to clinical dysfunction, which could allow for early interventions that prolong allograft survival. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 120 consecutive pediatric kidney recipients, of whom 103 had surveillance biopsies ≤6 months posttransplant. We tested the hypothesis that subclinical inflammation (borderline or T cell-mediated rejection without clinical dysfunction) is associated with a 5-year composite endpoint of acute rejection and allograft failure. Overall, 36% of subjects had subclinical inflammation, which was associated with increased hazard for the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio 2.89 [1.27, 6.57]; P 0) had a 78% incidence of the composite endpoint vs 11% in subjects with no major surveillance abnormalities (P < .001). In summary, we showed that subclinical inflammation phenotypes were prevalent in pediatric kidney recipients without clinical dysfunction and were associated with increased acute rejection and allograft failure. Once prospectively validated, our data would support implementation of surveillance biopsies as standard of care in pediatric kidney transplantation.
Temporospatial components of brain ERPs as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Introduction Developing biomarkers that distinguish individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from those with normal cognition remains a crucial goal for improving the health of older adults. We investigated adding brain spatial information to temporal event-related potentials (ERPs) to increase AD identification accuracy over temporal ERPs alone. Methods With two-step principal components analysis, we applied multivariate analyses that incorporated temporal and spatial ERP information from a cognitive task. Discriminant analysis used temporospatial ERP scores to classify participants as belonging to either the AD or healthy control group. Results Temporospatial ERPs produced a cross-validated area under the curve of 0.84. Adding spatial information through a formal procedure significantly improves classification accuracy. Discussion A weighted combination of temporospatial ERP markers performs well in detecting AD. Because ERPs are noninvasive and inexpensive, they may be promising biomarkers for AD that can add functional information to other biomarker systems while providing the individual's probability of correct classification.
Molecular Association of Glia Maturation Factor with the Autophagic Machinery in Rat Dopaminergic Neurons: a Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and MAPK Activation.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the several neurodegenerative diseases where accumulation of aggregated proteins like α-synuclein occurs. Dysfunction in autophagy leading to this protein build-up and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration may be one of the causes of PD. The mechanisms that impair autophagy remain poorly understood. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpiridium ion (MPP+) is a neurotoxin that induces experimental PD in vitro. Our studies have shown that glia maturation factor (GMF), a brain-localized inflammatory protein, induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD and that suppression of GMF prevents MPP+-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate a molecular action of GMF on the autophagic machinery resulting in dopaminergic neuronal loss and propose GMF-mediated autophagic dysfunction as one of the contributing factors in PD progression. Using dopaminergic N27 neurons, primary neurons from wild type (WT), and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice, we show that GMF and MPP+ enhanced expression of MAPKs increased the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers such as phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (p-PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Further, GMF and MPP+ reduced Beclin 1, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family-interacting protein of 200 kD (FIP200), and autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) 3, 5, 7, 16L, and 12. The combined results demonstrate that GMF affects autophagy through autophagosome formation with significantly reduced lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1/2, and the number of autophagic acidic vesicles. Using primary neurons, we show that MPP+ treatment leads to differential expression and localization of p62/sequestosome and in GMF-KO neurons, there was a marked increase in p62 staining implying autophagy deficiency with very little co-localization of α-synuclein and p62 as compared with WT neurons. Collectively, this study provides a bidirectional role for GMF in executing dopaminergic neuronal death mediated by autophagy that is relevant to PD.
Xcel Energy – LBNL ‘Beyond Widgets’ Project Workstation Specific Lighting with Daylight Dimming Controls System Program Manual

Author(s): Regnier, CM; Mathew, Paul; Robinson, Alastair; Shackelford, Jordan; Schwartz, Peter; Walter, Travis
Routing algorithm selection for field coverage planning based on field shape and fleet size

Abstract This project considered the field efficiency of routes created using two routing algorithms, a fast Clarke-Wright heuristic and a slower tabu search meta-heuristic, in 100 different field shapes with 1200 different field work scenarios for each algorithm. Different field work scenarios were generated by varying the number of simultaneously working vehicles (1, 2, 3, and 5) and using three path generation methods. After calculating the routes for all the scenarios using cloud computing and a high-performance compute cluster, the routes were evaluated to determine the field efficiency and field completion time. All tabu search results had field efficiencies above 0.65 and field completion times tightly clustered based on the number of simultaneously working vehicles. Many Clarke-Wright results were clustered with the tabu search results, but others had field efficiencies below 0.37 which indicated that the method failed to produce acceptable results. A logistic regression model was developed to identify the factors that caused unacceptable Clarke-Wright results. This enabled creation of a probability equation for predicting when the fast Clarke-Wright equation would produce acceptable results, and conversely, when it would be necessary to rely on the slower tabu search routing. Field shape complexity as measured by the isoperimetric quotient was the primary indicator that Clarke-Wright could fail to produce an acceptable result. The number of simultaneously operating vehicles was statistically insignificant for one, two or three vehicle fleets, but increasing to five vehicles did adversely affect the ability of the Clarke-Wright algorithm to provide acceptable routes.
A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products

The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot-version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.
Abstract 211: Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) Transplantation Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease

DKD is a major vascular complication of diabetes, which is associated with glomerulosclerosis and poor perfusion. Therefore, improving the renal perfusion may help to treat the sclerotic kidney dis...
Teacher Learner, Learner Teacher: Parallels and Dissonance in an Interdisciplinary Design Education Minor

Contribution: This paper analyzes reflective thinking within organizational structures in higher education and draws parallels between the challenges faced by educators developing interdisciplinary courses and their students working in ill-structured projects. Background: Interdisciplinarity as a learning goal is prevalent across engineering education literature. However, without organizational support structures to guide faculty members in developing interdisciplinary courses, interdisciplinarity as a student learning outcome is difficult to sustain. There is a need to evolve existing organizational structures faculty navigate when creating interdisciplinary courses, so that competing organizational systems do not stifle interdisciplinarity. Moreover, educators’ effort in developing interdisciplinary courses is mirrored in the uncertain processes in which instructors engage students. Research Questions: In settings of interdisciplinary curriculum design and implementation, how do interdisciplinary faculty collaborations parallel that of their student design teams? How do organizational structures affect interdisciplinary faculty teams designing courses that span disciplines? Methodology: The study used a qualitative case, bound by three required courses in a new interdisciplinary undergraduate minor. Data was collected via interviews, class observations, and student reflection assignments. Analysis was guided by the conceptual frameworks of King and Kitchener’s reflective judgment model and strange and banning’s conceptualization of campus learning environments. Findings: Both educators and students develop through the discomfort with uncertainty—a prevalent theme in complex problem-solving. Forms of summative assessment pose an added challenge for both groups as they negotiate organizational structures. Lastly, discipline-specific expectations and ways of valuing knowledge contribute to uncertainty through the interactions among groups.
An Exploratory Inquiry into the Role that Culture and Ethnicity Play in the Success of First-Generation Hispanic Entrepreneurs in the U.S.

Hispanic-owned businesses are the fastest growing in the United States, and their growth contributes significantly to the creation of jobs, business ventures, and economic activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role that culture and ethnicity play in the success of first-generation Hispanic entrepreneurs. The researcher used an exploratory qualitative approach to investigate the ethnic and cultural factors that contribute to the success of first-generation Hispanic entrepreneurs. The results of this study indicate that ethnic and cultural factors of first-generation Hispanic entrepreneurs such as language, cultural practices, religion, family support, beliefs, and community support play a significant role in their entrepreneurial success.
Time-variant reliability analysis of steel plates in marine environments considering pit nucleation and propagation

Abstract Corrosion is a severe threat to the integrity of ships and other steel structures in marine environments due to material loss and the associated reduction in their load-carrying capacities. Most existing studies on corrosion of steel plates in marine environments dealt only with general corrosion. However, laboratory experiments and field tests have shown that pitting corrosion can occur and even dominate the material loss of corroded structures, especially for plates with local coating failure, metal with mill scale surfaces, and alloys with special compositions. In this paper, a cellular automata-based model with both numerical and categorical attributes is proposed to analyze steel plates subjected to general and pitting corrosion. The proposed model can depict various corrosion behaviors including uniform loss of plate thickness, pit nucleation, and pit propagation. The parameters of the model are calibrated based on results from existing exposure tests. The calibrated model is then used to evaluate the time-variant reliability of a steel plate in corrosive environments. It is found that the general corrosion model with a time-invariant corrosion rate cannot realistically predict the long-term corrosion material loss and the thickness of corroded plates may show considerable spatial variability due to pitting corrosion.
Milk curd obstruction: An increasingly common rarity?

Introduction: Milk curd obstruction is a rare, yet important cause of neonatal bowel obstruction that has been seldom reported in the literature. The presentation has evolved over time: Initially being seen in formula-fed term babies, to now being more prevalent in premature babies that require milk fortification. We present a case series of four patients treated for the condition at our institution and report that there may be additional contributing factors that have not been previously described. Method: Case notes of four patients that were diagnosed with milk curd obstruction over a one-year period were retrospectively analysed. Data collected included: gender, gestational age at birth, birth weight, pre-existing gastro-intestinal pathology, previous surgeries, feeding regimens used as well as the management and outcomes of milk curd obstruction. Results: All patients included in the series were premature, with three being classified as extremely low birth weight (ELBW). All babies received fortified expressed breast milk feeds. Three patients were treated for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) prior to being diagnosed with milk curd obstruction. Two patients had undergone surgery for abdominal pathology ahead of their diagnosis. Three of the four babies required operative management for milk curd obstruction, whilst one was successfully managed conservatively. There were no mortalities. Conclusion: Previous gastrointestinal pathology as well as previous surgery may be associated with the development of milk curd obstruction. Milk curd obstruction is becoming an increasingly significant cause of neonatal bowel obstruction and further research and investigation is required to establish patterns of causation.
Will Teachers Shed Their First Amendment Rights at the Schoolhouse Gate? The Eleventh Circuit's Post-Garcetti Jurisprudence

Since the 1960s, educators have enjoyed a significant (if confusing) array of First Amendment privileges. The confusion resulted from tensions between principles of academic freedom (both of the educator and the educational institution) and the public employee speech doctrine. The Supreme Court's 2006 decision in Garcetti v. Ceballos threw approximately forty years of First Amendment protections for educators into grave doubt. While Garcetti explicitly declined to address the unique situation of educators, at least with respect to academic freedom issues, the Eleventh Circuit lost no time in adapting the Garcetti reasoning to educational settings, however inexact the fit. This article begins by examining the various doctrinal threads that previously comprised First Amendment protections for educators, and then analyzes how Garcetti and the Eleventh Circuit's incorporation of Garcetti into its jurisprudence jeopardize important First Amendment rights in the educational setting. The article concludes with a proposal for re-thinking the Eleventh Circuit's First Amendment jurisprudence as it applies to educators.
Speculative Fiction, Curriculum Studies, and Crisis: An Introduction and Invitation

This is an invitation to submit new contributions to JAAACS that bring together your own work in curriculum studies, speculative fiction, and your own pathway through, with, around, and in spite of crises facing our planet and our species. In the spirit of JAAACS, you are simply asked to evoke the scholarly context from which your own contribution emerges, and to discuss the relationships in dialogue with other works in the field. Dynamic juxtapositions between recently released works and other related works are particularly welcome in JAAACS. For this current issue, we have brought together two highly regarded scholars who have spent a career in the vanguard in the liminal terrain of Speculative Fiction, Science Fiction, and Curriculum Studies: Noel Gough and John Weaver.