cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of hippocampal volumetric measurements to improve diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients with mesial temporal sclerosis

OBJECTIVEMany patients with medically intractable epilepsy have mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), which significantly affects their quality of life. The surgical excision of MTS lesions can result in marked improvement or even complete resolution of the epileptic episodes. Reliable radiological diagnosis of MTS is a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of volumetric mapping of the hippocampi for the identification of MTS in a case-controlled series of pediatric patients who underwent resection for medically refractory epilepsy, using pathology as a gold standard.METHODSA cohort of 57 pediatric patients who underwent resection for medically intractable epilepsy between 2005 and 2015 was evaluated. On pathological investigation, this group included 24 patients with MTS and 33 patients with non-MTS findings. Retrospective quantitative volumetric measurements of the hippocampi were acquired for 37 of these 57 patients. Two neuroradiologists with more than 10 years of experi...
Mask quality assurance from a user's perspective

As the industry continues to move toward production in the 64- and 256-MB technology regime, the challenges posed by more stringent requirements associated with wafer lithography and reticle manufacturing are driving developments which may be out-pacing the ability of the industry to guarantee reticle performance.
Tumor phylogeny inference using tree-constrained importance sampling.

Motivation A tumor arises from an evolutionary process that can be modeled as a phylogenetic tree. However, reconstructing this tree is challenging as most cancer sequencing uses bulk tumor tissue containing heterogeneous mixtures of cells. Results We introduce P robabilistic A lgorithm for S omatic Tr ee I nference (PASTRI), a new algorithm for bulk-tumor sequencing data that clusters somatic mutations into clones and infers a phylogenetic tree that describes the evolutionary history of the tumor. PASTRI uses an importance sampling algorithm that combines a probabilistic model of DNA sequencing data with a enumeration algorithm based on the combinatorial constraints defined by the underlying phylogenetic tree. As a result, tree inference is fast, accurate and robust to noise. We demonstrate on simulated data that PASTRI outperforms other cancer phylogeny algorithms in terms of runtime and accuracy. On real data from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient, we show that a simple linear phylogeny better explains the data the complex branching phylogeny that was previously reported. PASTRI provides a robust approach for phylogenetic tree inference from mixed samples. Availability and implementation Software is available at compbio.cs.brown.edu/software. Contact braphael@princeton.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Using Disasters to Teach Ethics in Accounting and Business

This paper describes a method of teaching accounting ethics that can easily be incorporated into any course. This approach focuses on disasters that resulted from a disregard of ethics. This paper posits that examining the consequences of unethical behavior and providing real-life examples can make a course in business ethics more valuable and interesting to students. This paper examines several kinds of disasters that resulted from disparate causes such as defective products, nuclear accidents, and accounting fraud. The consequences of these disasters range from the deaths of innocent people to the loss of pensions to the loss of one’s home. What do all these cases have in common? The answer is greed. When executives are more concerned about bonuses, profits, compensation, and/or growth they are more likely to cause harm to others.
Gender-specific Pathways of Peer Influence on Adolescent Suicidal Behaviors:

The author explores new directions of understanding the pathways of peer influence on adolescent suicidal behavior by leveraging quasi-experimental variation in exposure to peer suicidal behaviors ...
COMBINING SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR ACTINIDE AND FISSION PRODUCT SEPARATIONS

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) currently faces an array of waste management, environmental remediation, and waste disposal problems1. Among the more urgent of these is the disposition of the large quantities of aqueous radioactive wastes now stored in underground tanks at various DOE sites. Decades of nuclear fuel reprocessing for plutonium production at the Hanford site, for example, have led to the generation of an estimated 60 million gallons of radioactive wastes. Similarly, the reprocessing of spent fuel at the Idaho site (INEL) and of uranium and lithium targets (for plutonium and tritium production, respectively) at the Savannah River site (SRS) have resulted in the production of substantial volumes of strongly acidic (INEL) and alkaline (SRS) waste solutions1. In each of these cases, the wastes are complex mixtures in which the majority of the constituents are not hazardous materials. Some components may, in fact, have commercial value. Given this, and the enormous expense associated with the direct incorporation of such large waste volumes into glass for disposal in a deep geologic repository, there is a clear incentive for the development of processes by which the most hazardous of the constituents (e. g., Cs-137, Sr-90, Tc-99, and TRUs) could be removed, thereby rendering the bulk of the waste suitable for other, less costly disposal options. In this report, we briefly summarize recent progress toward the development of solvent extraction (SX) processes for the removal of actinides and fission products from tank wastes and describe our current and future work on the design of combined processes permitting the simultaneous extraction and selective recovery of multiple radionuclides.
Role of Structural Defects in the Water Adsorption Properties of MOF-801

The nanoporous and tunable nature of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has made them promising adsorbents for water adsorption applications such as water harvesting and adsorptive heat pumps. In these applications, water adsorption properties in MOFs play a crucial role. However, understanding their structural defects and how defects influence adsorption thermodynamics remains limited to date. In this work, by employing Monte Carlo techniques and first-principle density functional theory calculations, we investigate the effect of defects on the water adsorption properties in MOF-801 structures at an atomic level. Our calculations show that the adsorption isotherm in perfect MOF-801 (without defects) greatly deviates from that measured experimentally. With the introduction of defects with a high density, a reasonably good agreement can be achieved, suggesting that a high defect density in MOF-801 may be responsible for its hydrophilic adsorptive behaviors. Further, water adsorption properties in MOF-801 stru...
Head impacts and cognitive performance in men's lacrosse.

Objectives The purpose of this investigation was to record head impacts and assess cognitive function throughout a NCAA Division III men's lacrosse season. Methods Fifteen NCAA Div III men's lacrosse players (age = 21.1 ± 1.5 years; height = 179 ± 7.00cm; weight = 80.74 ± 8.00kg) wore Smart Impact Monitors (SIM) (Triax Technologies, Inc., Norwalk, CT) within headbands, in 28 practices and 9 home games of one season. The SIM devices communicated with the Triax Technologies SKYi, which confirmed activated SIMs and obtained data of linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, rotational velocity, direction, and location of each head impact. A minimum threshold of 15g of force was set for head impacts to register with the SIMs. The Comprehensive Trail Making Test and Stroop Color and Word Test were administered at preseason, midseason, and postseason to assess cognitive function performance. Results There was no significant difference found between all measures of frequency and magnitude of head impacts between games and practices. There was also no significant difference for peak linear acceleration of head impacts between different positions and no significant difference between the magnitude of force and the location of impact on the head. There was a significant increase in CTMT performance from preseason to midseason, from midseason to postseason, and preseason to postseason. There was no significant difference in Stroop test performance throughout the season. Conclusion Subconcussive head impacts in men's lacrosse appear to occur at the same magnitude in practices and games, and do not appear to be position dependent, nor head location dependent. Men's lacrosse athletes' cognitive function as measured by the CTMT, can improve, while cognitive function as measured by the Stroop test remained unchanged.
Disparities in severe shigellosis among adults - Foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 2002-2014.

Shigella causes approximately 500,000 illnesses, 6000 hospitalizations, and 40 deaths in the United States annually, but incidence and populations at risk for severe shigellosis among adults are unclear. This study describes severe shigellosis among US adults. We analyzed Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network data for infections caused by Shigella among adults ≥18 years old during 2002–2014. Criteria to define severe shigellosis included hospitalization, bacteremia, or death. We estimated annual incidence of shigellosis per 100,000 among adult populations, and conducted multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to assess associations between severe shigellosis, demographic factors and Shigella species among adults with shigellosis. Among 9968 shigellosis cases, 2764 (28%) were severe. Restricting to cases due to S. sonnei and S. flexneri, median annual incidence of severe shigellosis among adults was 0.56 and highest overall incidence was among black males 18–49 years old (1.58). Among adults with shigellosis, odds of severe disease were higher among males than females aged 18–49 years old (OR [95% CI] = 1.32 [1.15–1.52], p < 0.001) and among males than females with S. flexneri infections (OR [95% CI] =1.39 [1.10–1.75], p = 0.005). The odds of severe shigellosis were higher among blacks than whites (OR [95% CI] = 1.36 [1.22–1.52], p < 0.001). Among adults, men 18–49 years old, particularly blacks, have the highest incidence of severe shigellosis. Among adults with shigellosis, severe shigellosis was associated with being male in age group 18–49 years, with infections caused by S. flexneri, and with black race. Future research should assess associations between severe shigellosis and sexual practices, antimicrobial resistance, comorbidities, and access to care.
Vortex Interactions as a Dynamical System

In the first announcement for this meeting the conveners, Th. Dracos and A. Tsinober, asked four questions. Their second and third question were: How important are kinematical properties (topology, geometry) for the dynamic behavior of turbulent flows? Are there any prospects that a dynamical systems/dynamical chaos approach will allow describing real turbulence?
Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis and Mutagen Screening: Study with Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

The CHO/HGPRT system has been developed and defined for quantifying mutation induced by various physical and chemical agents at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Various genetic, biochemical, and physiological evidence supports the genetic basis of mutation induction in this system.
Solitons on the Boundaries of Microscopic Systems

In this chapter, we focus on some applications of soliton theory in microscopic compact systems with boundary, like nuclei or quantum Hall liquids. At this space scale, the solitons correspond to solutions of field equations with finite energy and with a localized, nondispersive energy density. Since the field theories describing many-body systems of elementary particles are quantum theories, one should perform the so-called quantization of solitons procedure. This is done in principle by using a semiclassical expansion to associate with a classical soliton solution both a quantum soliton-particle states, and a whole series of excited state by quantizing the fluctuations around the soliton. Since the soliton solutions are nonperturbative, their quantum versions are themselves nonperturbative [267, 161].
Alloying and Annealing Effects on Grain Boundary Character Evolution of Al-alloy 7075 Thin Films: An ACOM-TEM Analysis

Since polycrystalline materials consist of a complex network of various types of grain boundaries (GBs), a detailed study on the types of the GBs, their distribution and how they are connected is crucial to further enhance the material’s performance. Herein, the GB character distribution (types and connectivity) of as-deposited Al and Al-alloy 7075 thin films, as well as annealed Al-alloy thin films, was investigated using an advanced microscopic technique: ACOM-TEM. Annealing processes up to 12 h caused a decrease in the content ratio of random high-angle GBs (r-HAGBs) and triple junctions comprised of r-HAGBs. However, there was no significant consequence of alloying in the GB type and connectivity distribution. Furthermore, our results indicate that vacuum-deposited Al or Al-alloy thin films possess a strong texture, and a characteristic GB distribution consisting of a significantly high fraction of low coincidence site lattice GBs (predominant ∑1 followed by ∑13b, ∑7, ∑21a, ∑31a and ∑19b in descending order) and a minor fraction of r-HAGBs.
Update in Cystic Fibrosis 2007

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic condition involving several organ systems that results in life-long morbidity and premature mortality (1). CF is caused by abnormalities in the gene that codes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a membrane glycoprotein found in secretory and absorptive epithelial surfaces. CFTR is a chloride channel, but also participates in regulating ion flux through interactions with other proteins. Lung disease in CF, believed to be caused by dehydration of airway surface liquid layers, is the major killer through a complex process involving impairment of mucociliary clearance, infection, inflammation, and structural injury. This update of studies reported during 2007 focuses on issues in clinical care and clinical research relating to CF, but with some attention to basic investigations through model systems.
A generalized spherical harmonics-based procedure for the interpolation of partial datasets of orientation distributions to enable crystal mechanics-based simulations

Abstract Microstructure evolution-based constitutive models in macro-scale simulation tools require statistical microstructure input at each integration point. This paper reports several robust procedures for interpolating orientation distribution functions (ODFs) from coarsely spaced experimental measurement grids to finely spaced modeling grids. The procedures are based on representing ODFs using generalized spherical harmonics (GSH) functions. Relying on the linearity of the expansion space, the core of the procedures involves weighting of the GSH expansion coefficients over a given variable such as space, strain, or temperature, thus providing ODFs as a function of location, deformation, or thermal treatment. Interpolation approaches including regression and linear/bilinear/barycentric weighting are explored and discussed in terms of their accuracy and suitability. Upon establishing the expansion coefficients of the interpolated ODF, a linear programing problem is solved within the expansion space to construct the interpolated ODF. The procedures are applied to a comprehensive data set obtained by neutron diffraction for a hemispherical part made of depleted α-uranium. Utilizing the ODF interpolation procedures, texture is interpolated over the part revealing significant anisotropy in the texture dependent thermal expansion and elastic stiffness coefficients. The results of this work facilitate introducing thermal expansion and elastic anisotropy into numerical tools for simulating thermo-mechanical loading of microstructurally heterogeneous components using the ODF informed crystal mechanics-based models to more accurately estimate the effective properties required by such simulations.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Eravacycline

On 27 August, 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved eravacycline, a fluorocycline antimicrobial agent within the tetracycline class of antibacterial drugs, for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in patients aged 18 years and older. This decision was based on substantial clinical and pre-clinical data, including rigorous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic work. This paper examines the in-vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic work that led to the approval of eravacycline and explores how this important new antibiotic may be used to treat aggressive multidrug-resistant infections in the years ahead.
Closed-form random vibration response for columns on elastic foundation and subjected to axial force

Abstract In this paper we derive closed-form expressions for the autocorrelation functions of the response for uniform beam placed on elastic foundation and subjected to axial deterministic load. The excitation is represented as the white noise in time, and ‘rain-on-the-roof’ excitation in space. The boundary conditions of simple support are discussed. The normal mode approach is utilized, with explicit summation of the infinite series.
Evaluation of Generative Adversarial Network Performance Based on Direct Analysis of Generated Images

Recently, a number of papers have addressed the theory and applications of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) in various fields of image processing. Fewer studies, however, have directly evaluated GAN outputs. Those that have been conducted focused on using classification performance and statistical metrics. In this paper, we consider a fundamental way to evaluate GANs by directly analyzing the images they generate, instead of using them as inputs to other classifiers. We consider an ideal GAN according to three aspects: 1) Creativity: non-duplication of the real images. 2) Inheritance: generated images should have the same style, which retains key features of the real images. 3) Diversity: generated images are different from each other. Based on the three aspects, we have designed the Creativity-Inheritance-Diversity (CID) index to evaluate GAN performance. We compared our proposed measures with three commonly used GAN evaluation methods: Inception Score (IS), Frechet Inception Distance (FID) and 1-Nearest Neighbor classifier (1NNC). In addition, we discuss how the evaluation could help us deepen our understanding of GANs and improve their performance.
Topographic and Neural Anatomy of the Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle and Implications for Treatment of Synkinetic Facial Paralysis

Background Synkinetic patients often fail to produce a satisfactory smile because of antagonistic action of a hypertonic depressor anguli oris muscle and concomitantly weak depressor labii inferioris muscle. This study investigated their neurovascular anatomy to partially explain this paradoxical depressor anguli oris hypertonicity and depressor labii inferioris hypotonicity and delineated consistent anatomical landmarks to assist in depressor anguli oris muscle injection and myectomy. Methods Ten hemifaces from five fresh human cadavers were dissected to delineate the neurovascular supply of the depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris muscles in addition to the depressor anguli oris muscle relation to consistent anatomical landmarks. Results The depressor anguli oris muscle received innervation from both lower buccal and marginal mandibular facial nerve branches, whereas the depressor labii inferioris muscle was solely innervated by marginal mandibular branches. The mandibular depressor anguli oris origin was on average 39 mm wide, and its medial and lateral borders were located 17 mm from the symphysis and 41 mm from the mandibular angle, respectively. The depressor anguli oris fibers consistently passed anterior to the first mandibular molar toward their insertion into the modiolus, which was located 10 mm lateral and 10 mm caudal to the oral commissure. Conclusions Depressor anguli oris muscle dual innervation versus depressor labii inferioris single innervation may explain why depressor anguli oris hypertonicity and depressor labii inferioris weakness are commonly observed concomitantly in synkinetic patients. Based on treatment goals, diagnostic percutaneous injection with lidocaine can be performed on the depressor anguli oris muscle along a cutaneous line from the modiolus to the mandibular first molar border, and an intraoral depressor anguli oris myectomy can be performed along that same transmucosal line.
Syringe pump extruder and curing system for 3D printing of photopolymers

Abstract Development of new additive manufacturing materials often requires the production of several batches of relatively large volumes in order to print and test objects. This can be difficult for many materials that are expensive or difficult to produce in large volumes on the laboratory scale. Bioprinter systems are advantageous in this regard, however, commercial systems are expensive or do not have the ability to use photopolymers. Herein, we outline a Syringe Pump Extruder and Curing System (SPECS) modification for inexpensive filament-based 3D printers which enables the use of standard bioplotter materials and photopolymers. The system is capable of using multiple syringe volumes and needle sizes that can be quickly and easily exchanged. The SPECS modification is demonstrated using a Prusa i3 mk3 fused filament fabrication printer to print several 3D objects and films using stereolithography (SLA) photopolymer resin. Geometric accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions was ±0.1 mm using a 5 ml syringe, 22-gauge needle, and commercial SLA resin. The SPECS system could be of great benefit for laboratories pursing material development in the area of additive manufacturing.
Prema in kabIr’s sAkhI: Indigenous Perspectives on Love

In this paper, I analyze how the medieval mystic poet and saint kabIr (1398–1448) uses prem in his sAkhI or teachings by employing the collection of kabIr sAhab’s teachings published by the center in dAmAkheDA, rAypur, chattisgaDha, India. Eight themes emerged that provide a thick description of prem or love. Love is non-transient (or aghaT prem piMjar base). Love cannot be hidden (prem chipAyA nA chipe). Love is difficult (kaThin galI hai prem kI or zISa kATa Age dhare). Love is a drink (kabIr pyAlA prem kA). Love for God is superior to material love (prem hai doya prakAra kA). Love without understanding is useless (prem akelA kyA kare). Compassion causes humbleness, which in turn generates love (jahAM dInatA tahAM prem). Love, detachment and sadguru are interdependent ideas (prem binA dhIraja nahIM). The study contributes to global psychology by presenting an indigenous description, and the findings also help develop a more complex understanding of the construct of love.
From Producing to Reducing Trauma: A Call for “Trauma-Informed” Research(ers) to Interrogate How Schools Harm Students:

Although “trauma-informed education” has gained momentum across the United States in recent years, a question remains neglected by the research community: How can education research inform understa...
Testimony of Professor Rebecca Ingber on War Powers Reform, to the House Rules Committee

Professor Rebecca Ingber testified before the U.S. House Committee on Rules hearing on "Article I: Reforming the War Powers Resolution for the 21st Century," on March 23, 2021.
A Review of the Evidence for Use of the Home Sleep Apnea Test or Portable Monitoring in the Evaluation of Central Sleep Apnea

The purpose of this review is to discuss the current available evidence and potential role of home sleep apnea tests and portable monitoring in the diagnosis and management of central sleep apnea (CSA) in both ambulatory and hospital settings. The ability to diagnose central apnea using a home or portable device may offer considerable advantages at the home environment such as reduced cost, improved access, and more convenience and comfort for the patient. There are limited published articles evaluating the utility and accuracy of home testing in CSA patients. In this article, we review the use of different portable devices including ApneaLink, Watch-PAT, Alice PDx, and SOMNOcheck to diagnose or screen central apnea among patients in the hospital and outpatient settings. More research and validation of the role of these devices in detecting CSA is necessary due to a variety of limitations as compared to in lab sleep polysomnography including limited ability to detect central hypopneas or measure sleep. However, growing evidence does suggest they can be a potential tool as a screening test in patients with risk factors for central apnea. Ultimately, an attended in-lab polysomnography will likely be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine optimal treatment for sleep-disordered breathing.
The State of Black Male Literacy Research, 1999–2020:

In this report, the authors describe the scope and scale of Black male literacy research; discuss theories, conceptual frames, and groundings informing the research on Black male literacy education...
Recto-bladder Neck Fistula

This malformation is the highest of all defects seen in male patients. Fortunately, it is not as common as the two previous defects. Recto-bladder neck fistula cases happen to have the highest frequency of associated defects, mainly urologic. This is the only malformation that requires not only a posterior sagittal approach but also a laparotomy or laparoscopy in order to separate the rectum from the bladder neck. Therefore, this malformation represents the ideal indication for a laparoscopic procedure. Important technical details of this procedure when done in an open fashion or laparoscopically are presented, in order to pull down a very highly located rectum, preserving its blood supply. This is all illustrated with artistic renditions, animations, and photographic material.
Arterial Embolization Post-percutaneous Biopsy or Drainage

Hemorrhage following imaging-guided biopsy and drainage procedures usually comes from a predictable site, namely the organ undergoing the biopsy or drainage procedure. Bleeding following “blind” procedures can come from almost anywhere. Imaging is necessary where there is doubt regarding the source of bleeding, or whether there is ongoing bleeding following a primary intervention. In this chapter, three common scenarios will be considered (liver, kidney, and lung), but the general principles are broadly applicable and will not be repeated.
Gyrogroups: Modeled on Einstein’s Addition

As we have seen in Chapter 1 and in the exercises of Section 13 of that chapter, the interplay between Einstein’s addition and Thomas precession is extraordinarily rich. We therefore extend it by abstraction thereby arriving at the notion of the gyrogroup, a concept which generalizes the notion of the group. The gyrogroup definition is modeled on the Einstein groupoid of relativistically admissible velocities and their Thomas precessions, where the composition law is given by Einstein’s velocity addition. Following the definition of a group, we will select key features of Einstein’s addition to extend the group notion to that of the gyrogroup.
Two steps is enough: No need to plan far ahead for walking balance

Before designing a controller in detail, we ask this question: for a given robot state, and every possible control action, what is the minimum number of steps needed to get to a given target state (if it is possible to do so)? Our biped model is a 2D inverted pendulum with massless legs. We have two controls: (i) the magnitude of an impulsive push-off just before heel-strike and (ii) the step length (location of the next heel-strike). The maximum impulse and minimum step time are bounded to reflect limited motor strength. We compute the set of initial mid-stance velocities from which the biped can reach a given target mid-stance velocity in n or fewer steps. The result: for most target speeds and initial velocities, and with realistically strong actuators, it is possible to reach the target in two steps, if it is possible to reach it at all. This ‘two steps is enough’ result expands on Koolen et al.'s [1] results for capturability of the linear inverted pendulum and is consistent with some human balance and visual guidance experiments.
The enzymatic methylation of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. IX. Deoxyribonucleic acid methylase in bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli.

Abstract Infection of Escherichia coli B with bacteriophages T1, T2, or T4 results in increase in the activity of deoxyribonucleic acid methylase assayed in crude extracts of the infected cells. The largest increase is observed after infection with T2 phage; T4 and T1 phages lead to smaller increases in that order of decreasing magnitude. After infection with T3, T5, or T6 phages, a decrease in activity was observed; T7 and λ phages had no effect. The kinetics of the increase in methylase activity after T2 infection is similar to those found with the "early enzymes" induced by T-even phages, and protein synthesis is necessary for the increase to occur. The properties of the methylase activity of phage T2-infected bacteria suggest that it is a new phage-directed enzyme.
THE EFFECT OF THE HEDGE HORIZON ON OPTIMAL HEDGE SIZE AND EFFECTIVENESS WHEN PRICES ARE COINTEGRATED

This study compares two alternative regression specifications for sizing hedge positions and measuring hedge effectiveness: a simple regression on price changes and an error correction model (ECM). We show that, when the prices of the hedged item and the hedging instrument are cointegrated, both specifications yield similar results which depend on the hedge horizon (i.e., the time frame for measuring price changes). In particular, the estimated hedge ratio and regression R2 will both be small when price changes are measured over short intervals, but as the hedge horizon is lengthened both measures will converge toward one. These results imply that, when prices are cointegrated, a longer hedge horizon will yield an optimal hedge ratio closer to one, while at the same time enhancing the ability to qualify for hedge accounting. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:837–876, 2012
On the Efficacy of Psychoanalysis

In this study we critically review the formal research literature pertinent to the outcomes of psychoanalysis and the factors influencing these outcomes. Our inquiry was conducted from a psychoanalytic perspective. We found the research yield consistent with the accumulated body of clinically derived psychoanalytic knowledge, e.g., patients suitable for psychoanalysis derive substantial therapeutic benefit; analyzability and therapeutic benefit are relatively separate dimensions and their extent is relatively unpredictable from the perspective of initial evaluation among seemingly suitable cases. The studies all contain clinical and methodological limitations which are no more substantial than in other forms of psychotherapy research, but they have not substantially advanced psychoanalytic knowledge. This raises challenges for the further development of formal research strategies native to psychoanalysis.
Landlord attitudes and behaviors regarding smoke-free policies: implications for voluntary policy change.

Objective: Objective: The study purpose was to describe multiunit landlord attitudes and behaviors toward smoke-free policies. Design and Sample: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of multiunit landlords in Douglas County (N=392). Measures: A 25-item survey was developed and pilot tested. It was administered by telephone (n=143) and mail (n=249) to multiunit landlords. Results: Combined response rate was 30.1% (81/143 telephone, 37/249 mail) representing 24,080 units on 974 properties with 34,399 tenants. Most respondents (73.7%) allowed smoking. Reasons for not implementing smoke-free policies were potential enforcement problems (57.0%), tenant objections (43.0%), loss of market share (39.5%). Respondents without smoke-free policies expected vacancy (53.6%) and turnover (50.0%) rates to increase, which was significantly different (p <.0001) than respondents with smoke-free policies where only 10.7% reported increased vacancy and only 3.7% reported increased turnover. Conclusions: Expected adverse impacts of smoke-free policies do not reflect real experiences of smoke-free policy implementation. Public health advocates can use these study findings to develop community-based education and social marketing messages directed at voluntary smoke-free policy changes. Respondents without smoke-free policies expressed interest at the end of the survey in learning how to implement smoke-free policies indicating a readiness for change.
Partial structures of solid-state copper(II)-exchanged zeolite Y and its D2O sorption complex by pulsed-neutron diffraction

Abstract Zeolite Y of unit-cell composition Na55Si137Al55O384 was NH+4-exchanged and treated with CuCl2 by solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) methods. It was partially dehydrated under vacuum at 100°C to give Cu24-Y. Repeated rehydration with D2O and evacuation at 24°C yielded a second sample, Cu24-Y·D2O. By the colors of the samples (both pale bluish green) and the observed coordination geometry about copper, most or all appear to be Cu2+. Chemical analyses indicate an approximate unit-cell composition of Cu24Na5H17Cl15Si137Al55O384, exclusive of water molecules. This shows that the exchange of NH+4 for Na+ had been incomplete, and that some CuCl2 had been imbibed by zeolite Y during the SSIE process. Pulsed-neutron diffraction data were collected at 15 K; the structures were determined in the space group Fd3m; Rp=0.0172 and 0.0198 and Rwp=0.0231 and 0.0281 for the two structures, respectively. In Cu24-Y, 24 copper ions occupy three crystallographic sites: 5.5 ions are found at site I, at the centers of double six-rings; 7.5 occupy I′ sites in the sodalite unit, outside double six-rings, each 2.14(1) A from three nearest framework oxygens; and 11 are in the supercages, each nearly in a sodalite-unit four-ring, a III′ site. Each of the latter copper ions coordinates to four framework oxygens in a distorted square-planar manner and perhaps also to an unlocated extraframework ligand (H2O, OH− or Cl−) to give a distorted square pyramid. In Cu24-Y·D2O, the 24 copper ions are located as follows: four at site I, six at site V (at 12-ring centers) and 14 at site III′. Each site-III′ copper ion coordinates to four framework oxygens and perhaps to a fifth ligand, as in Cu24-Y. Two D2O molecules or OD− ions (W) of the coordination sphere of each site-V copper ion are found: Cu(V)–W=2.67 A.
Computational design of low-band-gap double perovskites

Using density functional theory (DFT) based calculations, we propose a family of metastable, as-yet unmade V${}^{5+}$ and Cr${}^{6+}$ double perovskite compounds with low band gaps spanning much of the visible region of the solar spectrum. Through analysis of a related set of measured optical gaps of ${d}^{0}$ ABO${}_{3}$ perovskites and A${}_{2}$B${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$BO${}_{6}$ double perovskites, an ad hoc procedure is developed to correct DFT and many-body perturbation theory gaps, bringing them into quantitative agreement with experiment for measured compounds, and predicting that V${}^{5+}$ and Cr${}^{6+}$ double perovskites would have gaps ranging from approximately 1.1 to 2.4 eV, significantly lower than previous materials studied in this class. DFT calculations also establish that these V${}^{5+}$ and Cr${}^{6+}$ compounds are likely able to be synthesized, either in bulk form or as epitaxial thin films. These compounds would comprise a new class of semiconducting double perovskites for potential use in solar energy conversion and other optoelectronic applications.
Beclin-1 expression in normal bladder and in Cd2+ and As3+ exposed and transformed human urothelial cells (UROtsa)

The expression of beclin-1 in normal human bladder and in Cd(2+) and As(3+) exposed and transformed urothelial cells (UROtsa) was examined in this study. It was shown using a combination of real-time PCR, Western analysis and immunohistochemistry that beclin-1 was expressed in the urothelial cells of the normal bladder. It was also demonstrated that the parental UROtsa cell line expressed beclin-1 mRNA and protein at levels similar to that of the in situ urothelium. The level of beclin-1 expression underwent only modest alterations when the UROtsa cells were malignantly transformed by Cd(2+) or As(3+) or when the parental cells were exposed acutely to Cd(2+) or As(3+). While there were instances of significant alterations at individual time points and within cell line-to-cell line comparisons there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or correlations to the phenotypic properties of the cell lines. Similar results were obtained for the expression of the Atg-5, Atg-7, Atg-12 and LC3B autophagy-related proteins. The findings provide initial evidence for beclin-1 expression in normal bladder and that large alterations in the expression of beclin-1 and associated proteins do not occur when human urothelial cells are malignantly transformed with, or exposed to, either Cd(2+) or As(3+.).
Dependence of water quality and fish habitat on lake morphometry and meteorology

The dependence of lake water temperatures, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and associated fish habitat characteristics on weather parameters and lake morphometry has been quantified from the output of verified water quality models. The models were applied to 27 Minnesota lake classes. Lake survey data for 3,002 lakes in the Minnesota Lakes Fisheries Database were used as a basis for the classification. The one-dimensional, deterministic, process-based water quality models used 25 years of daily meteorological data (1955–79) as input. The simulated characteristics of daily water temperatures, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and fish habitat during the open water season are correlated selectively with lake surface area, maximum depth, Secchi depth, annual normal air temperature, and saturated dissolved oxygen concentration. Annual normal air temperature and lake geometry ratio (the fourth root of lake surface area \iA\i\ds divided by the maximum lake depth \iH\dm\da\dx; \iA\i\ds\u0\u.²\u5/\iH\dm\da\dx) were found to be good predictors for simulated daily normal (25-year average) surface water temperatures, water temperatures near lake sediments, and volume-averaged water temperatures. Saturated dissolved oxygen concentration evaluated at maximum daily normal surface water temperature and lake geometry ratio were found to be good predictors for simulated daily normal surface and volume-averaged dissolved oxygen concentrations. Lakes with geometry ratios \iA\i\ds\u0\u.²\u5/\iH\dm\da\dx > 8 are well mixed, have high dissolved oxygen concentrations, and good fish habitat as long as the upper good growth water temperature limit is not exceeded. Lakes with geometry ratios \iA\i\ds\u0\u.²\u5/\iH\dm\da\dx <2 are seasonally stratified, have low dissolved oxygen concentrations near the bottom in summer, and only a fraction of their total lake volume available for good growth of fishes. Empirical formulas for indicators of lake water temperatures, dissolved oxygen, and associated fish habitat as functions of weather and morphometric lake parameters are formulated from the simulation results.
On expressing a cubic form as a sum of cubes of linear forms

Abstract Sufficient conditions for a cubic form ω in n variables to be representable as a sum of cubes of n + m [ m ⩽(n−2) 2 ] linear forms are derived. For m=0, 1 the conditions are also necessary (whether it is true for m >1 is an open question). In each case the corresponding algorithm requires, besides arithmetic operations over the coefficients of ω, solving one algebraic equation of degree m + n.
Yes, Folks, Standards are a Many-Splendored Thing

The use of written guidelines for application development contributes to a better product, increased productivity, and better communication with both management and users.
VI: Mazeway Disintegration: The Individual's Perception of Socio-Cultural Disorganization

One winter's day in 1649, a band of warriors from the Petun Indian village of St. Jean, south of the Georgian Bay, went out to intercept an invading war-party of Iroquois. They did not find the enemy. When they returned to the village, four days later, they saw only the ashes of their homes and the charred and mutilated bodies of many of their wives, children, and old men. Not one living soul had escaped death or capture; not one cabin had been spared from the flames. The Petun warriors sat down in the snow, mute and motionless, and no one spoke or moved for half a day; no one even stirred to pursue the Iroquois in order to save the captives or to gain revenge.
Posterior capsule opacification.

Abstract A complication of extracapsular cataract extraction with or without posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation is posterior capsule opacification. This condition is usually secondary to a proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelial cells. Opacification may be reduced by atraumatic surgery and thorough cortical clean-up. Clinical, pathological and experimental studies have shown that use of hydrodissection, the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and specific IOL designs may help reduce the incidence of this complication. Capsular-fixated, one-piece all-polymethylmethacrylate PC-IOLs with a C-shaped loop configuration and a posterior convexity of the optic are effective. Polymethylmethacrylate loops that retain “memory” create a symmetric, radial stretch on the posterior capsule after in-the-bag placement, leading to a more complete contact between the posterior surface of the IOL optic and the taut capsule. This may help form a barrier against central migration of epithelial cells into the visual axis. Various pharmacological and immunological methods are being investigated but conclusive data on these modalities are not yet available.
Computer modeling and computational toxicology in new chemical and pharmaceutical product development

A theoretical basis for use of computer modeling and bioinformatics resources including the internet in decisions about whether to attempt synthesis and toxicology testing of new chemical or pharmaceutical products is described. Steps in the process include: (1) identification of a potentially efficacious chemical or pharmaceutical product; (2) structure-activity relationship (SAR) modeling; (3) synthesis methods and cost screening; (4) market screening for potential revenues; (5) regulatory impacts screening; (6) toxicology modeling and screening; (7) decision making about whether to attempt synthesis and testing. Some such computer modeling and screening processes are already in use. Others may reasonably be expected to be adopted in the near future. More development of structure-activity and structure-toxicity databases and therapeutic and toxicity molecular endpoints computerized libraries remains to be done. The internet is a rapidly developing source of information, but there are major problems with time-effectiveness, quality control, 'junk information' (misinformation), and deliberate 'disinformation'.
Exploring the neural basis of fairness: A model of neuro-organizational justice

Abstract Drawing from the literature in neuroeconomics, organizational justice, and social cognitive neuroscience, I propose a model of neuro-organizational justice that explores the role of the brain in how people form fairness judgments and react to situations of fairness and/or unfairness in organizations. The model integrates three levels of analysis: (a) behavioral, (b) mental (cognitive and emotional), and (c) neural. The behavioral level deals with motivated actions displayed by the individual; the mental level deals with information processing mechanisms and emotional arousal; and the neural level concerns the brain systems instantiating mental processes. The paper also describes a fairness theory of mind that could help managers improve their ability to create fair working environments. The model’s implications for further research and management practice are discussed.
Problem Restructuring Processes for Ill-Structured Verbal Analogies

The processes involved in analogy solving have been an important investigative area in cognitive psychology. Although problem restructuring has been a central construct in problem solving theory, no restructuring processes have been proposed for analogical reasoning. Yet, the stimulus terms for analogies, as they appear on ability tests, are often ill-structured. That is, they are ordered in a way that does not permit direct problem comprehension. In the current study, both perceptual and semantic problem restructuring processes were hypothesized for analogy solving. The independence, stage of execution, and susceptibility to strategic control of the two processes were examined. The results from two experiments indicated that (1) ill-structured analogies are restructured during problem solving, (2) perceptual and semantic restructuring processes are independent and executed at different stages of analogy solving, and (3) both processes exhibited automaticity since repetition of analogy solution attenuated but did not eliminate either restructuring process. A model of analogical reasoning that incorporated both restructuring processes and their execution sequences was proposed. The nature and automaticity of perceptual and semantic analogy restructuring processes were disscussed.
Women and work in Shenzhen

In 1979 the Chinese government established four Special Economic Zones (SEZs) along the south China coast, marking a radical departure from previous policies. Since 1949 the Chinese leadership, acu...
Effects of glucagon, epinephrine and insulin on in vitro lipolysis of adipose tissue from mammals and birds.

Abstract 1. Glucagon (5·0 μg/ml) stimulated lipolysis in rat, rabbit, goose, duck and owl, but not in dog. 2. Epinephrine (1·0 μg/ml) stimulated lipolysis in rat, dog, goose and owl, but not in duck and rabbit. 3. Insulin (0·1 U/ml) inhibited lipolytic effect of glucagon in rat, but not in goose, duck and rabbit. 4. Nicotinic acid (12·0 μg/ml) inhibited lipolytic effect of glucagon in rat, but not in rabbit, goose, duck and owl.
Nonlinear Response of Solids and Molecules in Intense Infrared Radiation

Infrared radiation, which couples with vibrations in molecules and solids, has long been considered as a promising way to selectively control chemical reactions, materials processing, and biomedical applications. The expectation is that particular frequencies couple to specific atomic motions, in contrast to heat which imparts energy indiscriminately. The promise has yet to be fulfilled, but recent successes and the development of new lasers have rekindled interest. We report calculations of the dynamics of solids and molecules under intense infrared radiation. In solids, using a model calculation, we find that narrowly-defined “windows of opportunity” exist for resonant enhancement of impurity diffusion at moderate intensities. In molecules, using a generalization of Car-Parrinello dynamics, we find that, for very intense fields, energy absorption at normal modes is not very efficient and that selective bond-breaking may occur at nonresonant frequencies by “concerted kicks”. Finally, time-dependent density functional theory is used to show that the effect of very intense infrared radiation on atoms and molecules is to produce very high harmonics as found experimentally.