cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smart Sight: a tourist assistant system

In this paper, we present our efforts towards developing an intelligent tourist system. The system is equipped with a unique combination of sensors and software. The hardware includes two computers, a GPS receiver, a lapel microphone plus an earphone, a video camera and a head-mounted display. This combination includes a multimodal interface to take advantage of speech and gesture input to provide assistance for a tourist. The software supports natural language processing, speech recognition, machine translation, handwriting recognition and multimodal fusion. A vision module is trained to locate and read written language, is able to adapt to to new environments, and is able to interpret intentions offered by the user such as a spoken clarification or pointing gesture. We illustrate the applications of the system using two examples.
In Patients Who Require Hypogastric Artery Coverage to Treat an AAA with EVAR, Does Preservation Improve Outcomes When Compared to Exclusion of the Vessel?

Hypogastric artery exclusion has been utilized as a means to extend applicability of endovascular aortic repair to patients with complex aortoiliac aneurysmal disease. Since its introduction, the technique has been associated with ischemic complications, notably buttock claudication and erectile dysfunction, which can affect quality of life. Both the incidence of buttock claudication and its duration are varied in the literature. Serious complications (gluteal necrosis, colon ischemia, and paraplegia), however, are exceedingly rare even with bilateral hypogastric occlusion. Several patient and technical factors have been studied that may predict those at higher risk of developing ischemic complications, as these patients stand to benefit the most from hypogastric preservation. A variety of open and endovascular techniques are available to preserve hypogastric circulation during aneurysm repair, each with its own limitations. Data regarding the use of these adjunctive techniques comes primarily from small studies with short term follow-up. Further research into the long term efficacy of these techniques is warranted.
Hepatic Fibrosis Is Universal Following Fontan Operation, and Severity is Associated With Time From Surgery: A Liver Biopsy and Hemodynamic Study.

BackgroundCongestive hepatopathy is a recognized complication of Fontan physiology. Data regarding the incidence of hepatopathy and risk factors are lacking. Methods and ResultsLiver biopsies and c...
Social Intelligence: The New Science of Success; Beyond IQ, Beyond EI, Applying Multiple Intelligence Theory to Human Interaction, K. Albrecht, C.A. Jossey-Bass. (2006), 280 pp.

What are the foundational skills and abilities every aspiring professional leader, manager, or social scientist should have? Social Intelligence is an informational, entertaining, and blunt guide r...
Incorporation of redox-inactive cations promotes iron catalyzed aerobic C–H oxidation at mild potentials

The synthesis and characterization of the Schiff base complexes Fe(II) (2M) and Fe(III)Cl (3M), where M is a K+ or Ba2+ ion incorporated into the ligand, are reported. The Fe(III/II) redox potentials are positively shifted by 440 mV (2K) and 640 mV (2Ba) compared to Fe(salen) (salen = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine), and by 70 mV (3K) and 230 mV (3Ba) compared to Fe(Cl)(salen), which is likely due to an electrostatic effect (electric field) from the cation. The catalytic activity of 3M towards the aerobic oxidation of allylic C–H bonds was explored. Prior studies on iron salen complexes modified through conventional electron-donating or withdrawing substituents found that only the most oxidizing derivatives were competent catalysts. In contrast, the 3M complexes, which are significantly less oxidizing, are both active. Mechanistic studies comparing 3M to Fe(salen) derivatives indicate that the proximal cation contributes to the overall reactivity in the rate determining step. The cationic charge also inhibits oxidative deactivation through formation of the corresponding Fe2-μ-oxo complexes, which were isolated and characterized. This study demonstrates how non-redox active Lewis acidic cations in the secondary coordination sphere can be used to modify redox catalysts in order to operate at milder potentials with a minimal impact on the reactivity, an effect that was unattainable by tuning the catalyst through traditional substituent effects on the ligand.
Sonic boom carpet widths for NASA’s Low Boom Flight Demonstrator using realistic atmospheric profiles in the western hemisphere

NASA is developing and building a Low Boom Flight Demonstrator (LBFD) within the next five years to study public reaction to low amplitude, shaped sonic booms. Understanding the potential land area ensonified by sonic booms is critical for the upcoming community tests, and is not well known outside of using the 1976 US Standard Atmosphere which assumes zero wind. Using atmospheric profiles from NOAA’s Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) for a span of many months, the sonic boom carpet widths and Stevens Mark VII Perceived Levels (PL) at the edge of the carpet were calculated using NASA’s sBOOM augmented Burgers Equation propagation code. The LBFD’s near field pressure cylinder calculated using NASA’s LAVA CFD code was used as the input to the sBOOM code. Atmospheric profiles were sampled from several regions with varying climate in the western hemisphere. Preliminary results indicate that sonic boom carpets will be widest during winter months, and will have highest carpet edge PL values during summer months. [Work supported by the NASA Education AS&ASTAR Fellowship Program.]
Reducing Classification Times for Email Spam Using Incremental Multiple Instance Classifiers

Combating spam emails is both costly and time consuming. This paper presents a spam classification algorithm that utilizes both majority voting and multiple instance approaches to determine the resulting classification type. By utilizing multiple sub-classifiers, the classifier can be updated by replacing an individual sub-classifier. Furthermore, each sub-classifier represents a small fraction of a typical classifier, so it can be trained in less time with less data as well. The TREC 2007 spam corpus was used to conduct the experiments.
Interpreting the Physician-Patient Relationship: Uses, Abuses, and Promise of the Covenant Model

The relationship between physician and patient lies at the core of the practice of medicine. Over the centuries, that relationship has been variously interpreted, though until recently, those interpretations were largely variations on the Hippocratic tradition of medical paternalism [3, 10, 19]. In the past three or so decades, however, that approach to understanding the therapeutic encounter has undergone serious challenge. To a considerable degree, this has been due to the emergence in the United States of a concern for rights, as well as the development of a new field — bioethics. Both of these influences fostered the primacy of autonomy and its expression in the right to self-determination. Resulting from this has been a serious undermining of paternalism, a generation of alternative conceptualizations of the clinical encounter, and even some transformation of interactions between physician and patient. By interpreting the physician-patient relationship from the perspective of autonomy (and rights), the patient’s status and role have assumed greater importance, whereas the physician’s has been modified and, in some, cases, severely diminished.
Assessment of actionability of cancer genomic testing panels based on a structured clinical trial knowledge base.

6533Background: Today’s oncologist is responsible for choosing appropriate cancer genomics tests to inform patient treatment from multiple available platforms, weighing cost, availability, sensitiv...
Wake characteristics of a utility-scale wind turbine under coherent inflow structures and different operating conditions

Large-eddy simulations show the similarity of turbine wakes for different tip speed ratios and suggest the coexistence of inflow large eddies and wake shear layer instability as the mechanism for the onset of wake meandering.
Prostate cancer cost-of-care and evaluation of traditional cost control measures.

163Background: In the current era of rapid advances in cancer care, economic burden of these treatments is becoming increasingly apparent. Measures taken by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services...
Upcycle Guidebook: Creating a Sustainable Women’s Wear Collection from Men’s Dress Shirts

The purpose of developing this upcycle guidebook was to design and develop instructions for semi-standardized upcycled garments so that the upcycled items could be duplicated repeatedly by fashion production teams. The researchers studied different methods of upcycling in the fashion industry, then prototypes were produced. A capsule collection of five garments were included in the guidebook. The instructions were tested by twenty-two fashion students at a mid-west university from an upper-level production class and from a basic sewing class. There was much enthusiasm for the book and participants were able to duplicate the process and create an almost identical garment from a different men's shirt. To address any problems participants were having with the guidebook instructions, the researchers added a legend for different processes and included demos for key construction techniques. As textile waste continues to increase in the fashion industry, it is increasingly important for the industry to explore more efficient ways of upcycling.
Assessment of Major Depression in Dual Diagnosis

The general consensus among experts is that emotional problems and disorders are much more common among persons with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. Among the most common of these mental health concerns is major depression. The focus of this chapter will be on the construct of depression in dual diagnosis, prevalence, patterns of symptom presentation, and diagnostic issues. Also, specific scales and methods that are used to assess for depression among persons with intellectual disabilities will be reviewed.
Energy storing bricks for stationary PEDOT supercapacitors

Fired brick is a universal building material, produced by thousand-year-old technology, that throughout history has seldom served any other purpose. Here, we develop a scalable, cost-effective and versatile chemical synthesis using a fired brick to control oxidative radical polymerization and deposition of a nanofibrillar coating of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). A fired brick’s open microstructure, mechanical robustness and ~8 wt% α-Fe2O3 content afford an ideal substrate for developing electrochemical PEDOT electrodes and stationary supercapacitors that readily stack into modules. Five-minute epoxy serves as a waterproof case enabling the operation of our supercapacitors while submerged underwater and a gel electrolyte extends cycling stability to 10,000 cycles with ~90% capacitance retention. Fired brick is a universal building material, produced by thousand-year-old technology, which throughout history has seldom served any other purpose. Here, the authors show that bricks can store energy after chemical treatment to convert their iron oxide content into conducting polymer nanofibers.
Remote Sensing of Deformation and Disturbance to Monitor and Assess Infrastructure in Urban Environments

Tectonic and land surface processes deform and disturb infrastructure and urban environments. Several remote sensing techniques have been developed to measure and monitor these processes. Disasters also can damage or destroy infrastructure and urban environments and one disaster can cascade into subsequent disasters. This chapter discusses hazards and disasters affecting infrastructure. Applicable remote sensing methods and interfaces are described for accessing data and data products. The chapter then presents case studies that illustrate the use of the remote sensing data for various applications.
Seed Consumption by Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in the Globally Imperiled Pine Rockland Ecosystem of Southern Florida, USA

Turtles have been identified as key dispersers of seeds in many ecosystems; however, seed dispersal by turtles (chelonochory) has received far less attention than seed dispersal by birds or mammals. We assessed the role of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)—a keystone species—as potential seed dispersers by analyzing the seed composition of their diet in a globally imperiled ecosystem: the pine rockland ecosystem of South Florida. The pine rocklands contain high numbers of both endemic and invasive plant species that may be dispersed by tortoises. We collected scat samples from wild gopher tortoises living in the pine rockland habitats in the Richmond Tract (Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA) and examined the samples to identify seeds consumed. We extracted 2484 seeds from 53 samples from at least 10 individual tortoises. Of the 2484 individual seeds, we distinguished 33 morphospecies and identified 23 to the species taxonomic level. The 14 most abundant seed species in the scat constituted > 90% of all seeds eaten by the tortoises. Three of the 14 most abundant seeds were from nonnative plants, but none were among the most disruptive invasive species. Tortoises consumed mostly herbaceous ground cover and fibrous grasses. Given that the tortoises were consuming several ground cover plants and contained a high density of those seeds in their scats, they seemed to be consuming the seeds as bycatch rather than selectively feeding on them, therefore supporting Janzen's “foliage is the fruit” hypothesis. The prevalence of many seeds and a variety of seed species in the tortoise scat suggests that gopher tortoises may be serving the ecological role of a seed dispersal agent for some of the plants they consume within the pine rocklands.
Dietary weight loss in people with severe obesity stabilizes neuropathy and improves symptomatology.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary weight loss on neuropathy outcomes in people with severe obesity. Methods A prospective cohort study of participants attending a medical weight-management program was followed. Weight loss was achieved with meal replacement of 800 kcal/d for 12 weeks and then transitioning to 1,200 to 1,500 kcal/d. The coprimary outcomes were changes in intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) at the distal leg and proximal thigh. Secondary outcomes included nerve conduction studies, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire and exam, Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders, and quantitative sensory testing. Results Among 131 baseline participants, 72 (mean [SD] age: 50.1 [10.5] years, 51.4% female) completed 2 years of follow-up. Participants lost 12.4 (11.8) kg. All metabolic syndrome components improved with the exception of blood pressure. IENFD in the distal leg (0.4 [3.3], p = 0.29), and proximal thigh (0.3 [6.3], p = 0.74) did not significantly change. Improvements were observed on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire, two Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders subdomains, and quantitative sensory testing cold threshold. Conclusions Dietary weight loss was associated with improvements in all metabolic parameters except blood pressure, and both IENFD outcomes remained stable after 2 years. Given that natural history studies reveal decreases in IENFD over time, dietary weight loss may halt this progression, but randomized controlled trials are needed.
The importance of the 6- and 7-positions of tetrahydroisoquinolines as selective antagonists for the orexin 1 receptor.

Abstract Selective antagonism of the orexin 1 (OX 1 ) receptor has been proposed as a potential mechanism for treatment of drug addiction. We have previously reported studies on the structure–activity relationships of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based antagonists. In this report, we elucidated the respective role of the 6- and 7-substitutions by preparation of a series of either 6-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (with no 7-substituents) or vice versa. We found that 7-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines showed potent antagonism of OX 1 , indicating that the 7-position is important for OX 1 antagonism ( 10c , K e = 23.7 nM). While the 6-substituted analogs were generally inactive, several 6-amino compounds bearing ester groups showed reasonable potency ( 26a , K e = 427 nM). Further, we show evidence that suggests several compounds initially displaying insurmountable antagonism at the OX 1 receptor are competitive antagonists with slow dissociation rates.
Spaceborne Scatterometer in Studies of Atmospheric and Oceanic Phenomena from Synoptic to Interannual time Scales

None given. Paper deals withthe importance of scatterometer useage in measureing ocean phenomena, ane especially the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), Launched in Aug. 1996.
Classical model for the negative dc conductivity of ac-driven two-dimensional electrons near the cyclotron resonance

A classical model for dc transport of two-dimensional electrons in a perpendicular magnetic field and under strong irradiation is considered. We demonstrate that, near the cyclotron resonance condition, and for linear polarization of the ac field, a strong change of the diagonal component, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d},$ of the dc conductivity occurs in the presence of a weak nonparabolicity of the electron spectrum. Small change in the electron effective mass due to irradiation can lead to negative ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d},$ while the Hall component of the dc conductivity remains practically unchanged. Within the model considered, the sign of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}$ depends on the relative orientation of the dc and ac fields, the sign of the detuning of the ac frequency from the cyclotron resonance, and the sign of nonparabolic term in the energy spectrum. We also demonstrate that the known phenomenon of the nonparabolicity-induced hysteresis in the cyclotron absorption manifests itself in the dc transport by causing a hysteresis in the magnetic-field dependence of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}.$
The Prophecies of Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is the development of an unfertilized egg into a new individual. This phenomenon has long fascinated both scientists and laymen alike. Undoubtedly, the most celebrated case of a virgin birth is that given in Matthew 1, 19–25: the account of the birth of Jesus Christ. Whether or not one accepts this account literally, one can still legitimately ask the question: Why is this account of a virgin birth contained in Matthew? Most people would respond by answering there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be the result of a virgin birth, and that this account was inserted into the Gospel to show that this prophecy was met. If the person asked is a bit more knowledgeable about the Bible, he or she may quote Isaiah 7, 14, which is also quoted in Matthew 23 and reads in the King James version: “Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.” Thus, the prophecy seems to be rather clear-cut. However, if the same passage in Isaiah is read in the New English Bible, it begins: “A young woman is with child.” The word in question here is the Hebrew word almah which scholars of the Hebrew language agree simply means a young woman of marriageable age, whether married or not (Argyle 1963, p. 28). However, the quote of Isaiah 7, 14 found in Matthew gives the Greek word parthenos meaning “virgin” as the translation of almah. Consequently, this most famous instance of parthenogenesis does not owe its existence to any “prophecy of a virgin birth,” for such a prophecy never existed. Instead, it owes its existence to the far more mundane reason of a mistranslation from Hebrew to Greek (Argyle 1963, p. 28).
Dark Arts and Diaspora

Exploring the relationship between diaspora and creolization, this article analyzes their shared theoretical foundation in the concept of community. With the premise that empirical evidence of social behavior is both a problematic and a necessity in understanding processes of diaspora and creolization, the article takes as its case in point a cultural phenomenon commonly known in the Atlantic World as obeah : magical practices using supernatural powers. Deriving largely from West and Central African religious traditions, but also from European and South Asian sources, obeah is consummately creole. It is found in various forms in virtually all Caribbean diasporas in North America and in other diaspora destinations such as the United Kingdom. Obeah’s fraught and complex four centuries of colonial history has rendered it as bane and succor at the same time, both embraced and denied by dominant as well as subaltern peoples. These qualities of ambivalence and ambiguity raise probing questions about the creation and role of “community” in producing diasporic identities and the transformational, creolized cultures they carry. The article will discuss obeah’s Caribbean slave plantation past and its diasporic present, asking how obeah, a creole/ized, simultaneously inclusive and divisive phenomenon, figures in the formation of community and thus in defining and interpreting diaspora.
Recent Results from Experiments Using the Super-Kamiokande Detector

The Super-Kamiokande detector (SK) in Gifu prefecture, Japan is used by two currently running experiments: The Super-Kamioka nde experiment searching for neutrinos from the sun, cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, and astrophysical sources, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. The long-baseline experiment detects neutrinos produced as tertiary products of the 12GeV proton synchrotron (PS) at the Japanese laboratory for high energy physics, KEK. Results from both experiments axe presented. Oscillation analyses of both atmospheric and solar neutrino data axe updated to the current data set, and some view of astrophysical searches is given. A cursory data summary from the long-baseline experiment is given and some general statements about its consistency with various oscillation based hypotheses axe made. (Results from the long-baseline experiment are updated since presentation at the conference.) Results from searches for proton decay and nearby Supernovae axe omitted here because of space considerations.
Detecting Nonlinearity in Data with Long Coherence Times

We consider the limitations of two techniques for detecting nonlinearity in time series. The first technique compares the original time series to an ensemble of surrogate time series that are constructed to mimic the linear properties of the original. The second technique compares the forecasting error of linear and nonlinear predictors. Both techniques are found to be problematic when the data has a long coherence time; they tend to indicate nonlinearity even for linear time series. We investigate the causes of these difficulties both analytically and with numerical experiments on ``real'' and computer-generated data. In particular, although we do see some initial evidence for nonlinear structure in the SFI dataset E, we are inclined to dismiss this evidence as an artifact of the long coherence time.
Sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction potentials derived from thermal data

The isolation of glutathione by Hopkins in 1921 and his experiments suggesting that this compound is probably an intermediary in biological oxidations and reductions awakened an active interest in the biological significance of sulfhydryl compounds in general (1, 2). Among the fundamental data pertaining to these compounds are their oxidation-reduction potentials. Soon after the discovery of glutathione a number of attempts were made to measure these potentials by electrometric and calorimetric methods. In all except the most recent investigations the potential observed in aqueous solutions with noble metal electrodes was independent of the concentration of the oxidized form (R—S—S—R) (3-5).
Synthesis of fluorescein derivatives containing metal-coordinating heterocycles

Fluorescein derivatives that contain Lewis basic heterocycles have been synthesized by concise reaction sequences. The preparation of these compounds proceeds by functionalization of an electron-rich aromatic precursor and subsequent condensation to form the fluorophore. These compounds are envisioned as components of metal-based sensors.
Some Sufficient and Some Necessary Conditions for the Stability of Multivariable Systems

Some sufficient and some necessary conditions for the stability of a class of multivariable systems represented by matrix polynomials are derived. A new linear block transformation is also established for transforming an observable block companion form to the block Schwarz form.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of plates by assumed strain element with explicit tangent stiffness matrix

Abstract A four-node quadrilateral C 0 plate element, which can be reduced to the corresponding three-node triangular element automatically, is presented here for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of plates. The element formulation is based on the updated Lagrangian formulation, the von Karman assumption and the quasi-conforming element method (an assumed strain method). Unlike most nonlinear plate elements in which the element matrices are obtained from numerical integration, the element tangent stiffness matrix in the present work is given explicitly. Because of the explicit form of the tangent stiffness matrices, the nonlinear element developed here is extremely economical in the geometrically nonlinear analysis of shear deformable plates. Four numerical examples are given to show the efficiency and accuracy of the present nonlinear element.
Intermittent low back pain referred from a uterine adenomyosis: a case report

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case study is to describe the clinical course and treatment of a female patient with intermittent low back pain (LBP) that was associated with a uterine adenomyosis. Clinical Features A 45-year-old woman presented for chiropractic care with intermittent LBP of 4 years' duration. History revealed concurrent dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and a uterine leiomyoma (fibroid). Physical and radiological examination findings were unremarkable, and the LBP was not reproducible. Intervention and Outcome Activator Methods chiropractic adjustments/manipulations were given twice per week for 4 months with moderate results. The frequency and duration of low back and pelvic pains were reduced; however, the severity remained constant. A further gynecological opinion was sought, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed, and the patient's diagnosis was changed from leiomyoma to adenomyosis. Conclusion In this case report, a woman presented with a 4-year history of intermittent LBP, which was sometimes associated with menstruation. Despite being diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis, she received some relief from chiropractic care.
A cost analysis of colonoscopy using microcosting and time-and-motion techniques

Background The cost of an individual colonoscopy is an important determinant of the overall cost and cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening. Published cost estimates vary widely and typically report institutional costs derived from gross-costing methods.
Commitment in regulation: Defense contracting and extensions to price caps

Department of Defense regulation of weapons contracting uses incentive devices common to public utility regulation. This paper examines parallels between fixed-price contracts in weapons acquisition and the use of price caps to motivate public utilities. It uses defense contracting experience to identify limits to the efficiency and administrability benefits one can expect adoption of a price caps regime to produce in practice.
Personality traits and dopamine receptors (D2 and D4): linkage studies in families of alcoholics.

Activation of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway appears to promote drug- and alcohol-seeking behavior in laboratory animals. Results for association and linkage analysis between various alcohol dependence phenotypes and the dopamine receptors have been quite mixed. Similarly, both positive and negative results have been presented concerning dopamine receptor genes and temperament. Cloninger has postulated that the novelty seeking factor from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) may be related to the dopamine neurotransmitter system. As novelty seeking is a trait of some importance for substance-dependent individuals, our goal was to test this relationship within a sample of families of alcoholics. No evidence favoring linkage between D2, D4, or DAT1 was found for TPQ novelty seeking. However, the harm-avoidance trait from the TPQ showed evidence for linkage to both the D4 and one of the D2 loci (TaqI A). The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to provide converging evidence for these results. The TPQ harm-avoidance scale loads heavily on introversion (worry, pessimism, shyness), characteristics that may be especially salient in alcoholic families. Thus, planned comparisons were made between selected MPQ traits measuring the affective dimension (negative affectivity, stress reaction, alienation, and well-being). We find evidence favoring linkage between the D2 and D4 receptor loci and these MPQ traits, with stronger evidence being seen for the D2 polymorphisms. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:634-641, 1999.
A Comparison of Moving Dipole Inverse Solutions Using EEG's and MEG's

Moving dipole inverse solutions provide a very useful method of estimating the location of an electrical source in the brain from EEG's or MEG's measured at the surface of the head. In this method, a dipolar source model is moved about in a model of the head while its amplitude and orientation are also adjusted to obtain the least-squares error fit between the measured EEG's or MEG's and those produced by the dipolar source.
A non-iterative method for phase-shift estimation and wave-front reconstruction in phase-shifting digital holography

This paper derives an analytical formula for extracting the amount of phase-shift in phase-shifting digital holography when the object wave intensity can be measured, which is obtained by simply solving the object wave reconstruction equation. Since it eliminates the requirements of approximation and iteration in existing techniques, a much faster processing speed can be obtained. It also has higher estimation accuracy than those iterative methods with a large iterative step size.
Contamination of soil and plant by recycling of scrap plastics

The present study concerns a small factory engaged in the recycling of scrap plastics by removing metals from plated surfaces with acid. The rinsing water was discharged into an old fish pond, eventually cauding fish-kills in a number of nearby fish ponds and affecting vegetable cultivations in fields on the downhill side of the factory through runoff. Ten sites were chosen to sample both the vegetation and soil for metal determination by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry. Nine sites showed various degress of contamination and the remaining one was unaffected and used as a control. The most polluted site (F8) contained 385 mg/kg Ni and 194 mg/kg Cu (total contents in soil), compared with the control site (F101) which contained 12 and 9 mg/kg of Ni and Cu, respectively. It was also noted that the metal uptake by the water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica, was significantly correlated to the contents of exchangeable metals (extracted by 1M ammonium acetate in the soil). Several grass species thriving in the polluted areas also had high concentrations of Ni and Cu, as well as other metals such as Mn, Al and Pb in their tissues.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF SUBMICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES OF ANKISTRODESMUS FALCATUS

As a result of the successful isolation of the water mold, Pythiogeton, on a glucose-yeast medium, a study was made of the effect of the reaction of the medium, and the concentration of glucose, on the rate of growth, production of acidic metabolic products, and utilization of glucose. Pythiogeton, when grown on vitamin-free casein hydrolysate media, was completely heterotrophic for only one vitamin, thiamine, and required ca. 0.5 ,ug. per 0.3 g. glucose for maximum growth. The fungus was able to use sulfate as the sole source of S during growth, provided N was supplied in the form of ammonium or organic compounds. Amino acids present in casein and yeast could not serve as carbon sources, but a number of carbohydrates, including cellulose, supported vigorous growth. The fungus produced acidic products at approximately the same rate from all sugars which were utilized, except lactose. It was concluded that the lower rate of growth and acid production on lactose was limited by its rate of hydrolysis, and that hydrolysis during growth did not take place in the presence of glucose because of a preferential utilization of the hexose.
Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with AIDS, ARC, or risk of AIDS.

Abstract purpose: Since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first decribed in 1981, we have observed an increasing number of cases of Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, particularly in young adult patients. to confirm this observation, we systematically identified and reviewed all cases of H. Influenzae pneumonia that occurred in adult patients recently hospitalized at our institution. patients and methods: Using a strict case definition, we identified all cases of adult H. influenzae pneumonia that were observed during a recent 32-month period at our institution, a large teaching hospital in New York City. We further reviewed each case record for evidence of AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC), or risk AIDS. results: H. influenzae pneumonia was diagnosed in 51 adults. Thirty-four cases occurred in young adults (mean age=33.9 years) with AIDS risk factors, including 23 (67 percent) homosexual men, and five (15 percent) with both risks. Nine patients (26 percent) had a previous or concurrent diagnosis of AIDS, four (12 percent) developed AIDS later, and 13 (38 percent) others had ARC. The common presenting symptoms in young adult patients with H. influenzae pneumonia were fever (100 percent), productive cough (100 percent), chest pain (53 percent), and dyspnea (47 percent). Lung consolidation was detected on physical examination in 20 (59 percent), and chest radiograph demonstrated unilateral infiltrates in18 (53 percent) and bilateral infiltrates in 16 (47 percent), with pleural effusions in three (nine percent). Most patients had an elevated white blood cell count (mean = 9.6 × 10 9 /liter) with a left shift in 22 (65 percent), and hypoxia on room air (mean partial pressure of oxygen=69 mm Hg). Four patients with H. influenzae pneumonia and coexisting Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had diffuse, bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, with significantly more dyspnea and a higher serum lactate dehydrogenase level than the others. All but one patients showed improvement with appropriate therapy. conclusion: We conclude that potentially serious pneumonia caused by H. influenzae occurs in young adult patients with AIDS, ARC, or AIDS risks.
Psychology Takes to the Airways: American Radio Psychology Between the Wars, 1926–1939

Modern American culture has seen a proliferation of radio and television personalities associated with talk therapy and advice-giving within the last 20 years (Epstein Psychology Today 34:5 2001). The origin of radio psychology, however, is the late 1920’s, when radio began to air many promoters of psychology in the context of “public service” programming. Among these individuals were Louis Monash, Arthur Payne, and, perhaps most importantly, Joseph Jastrow. Traditionally-trained psychologists used the new medium of radio in the service of education and adjustment. This article surveys radio psychology, its personalities, and topics in the inter-war period and proposes the significant social support role that radio psychology played during the Great Depression, much as modern talk radio does today (Ricks 1984).
Research on Teaching Physical Education: New Knowledge and Cautious Optimism: Theme

Researchers who study the teaching of physical education have examined teacher and student behavior using sys tematic observation, teacher feedback to students, the application of principles of mot...
A fine structural study of the development of the chick flexor digital tendon: A model for Synovial sheathed tendon healing

The development of the synovial sheathed flexor digital tendon in the chick was studied by light and electron microscopy in 12-day embryos to 22-day post-hatched chickens. Areas of specialized connective tissue differentiation were identified in this complex structure consisting of a lubricated synovial sheath, elastic vincula and fibrocartilaginous adaptations on the surface of the tendon. The presence of some of these specialized adaptations may be related to tendon. The presence of some of these specialized adaptions may be related to the specific types of mechanical forces and stresses applied to the developing connective tissue system. This model system appears to be appropriate for the experimental study of tendon injuries related to thehuman hand.
The final unadorned tris(azolyl)borate: finishing what Trofimenko started in 1966

The final addition to the tris(azolyl)borate ligand family, tris(1,2,3-triazolyl)borate, has been synthesized. The sodium salt of the ligand forms a complex polymeric structure where both N2 and N3 bind to crystallographically independent sodium ions. Depending on the divalent transition metal, tris(1,2,3-triazolyl)borate forms either molecular homoleptic complexes or coordination polymers.
Effect of cement pressure and bone strength on polymethylmethacrylate fixation

The effect of the quality of the bone and of the cement pressurization magnitude and duration on the fixation achieved with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is studied in vitro. Seventy-one cement-bone interface specimens, prepared under various conditions of pressurization of low-viscosity bone cement, are tested in tension. The load at failure and the maximum cement penetration are measured to assess the fixation achieved, and the quality of the bone is assessed by determining the compressive strength of each of the bone specimens. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the pressure magnitude is the most influential of the factors considered in the cement penetration behavior and in the development of failure load capacity. The duration of the pressure does not appear to be a significant factor. The cement penetration is a decreasing function of the bone strength, reflecting a decrease in the porosity and an increase in the area fraction. Although not directly measured in these tests, these latter bone properties are indirectly measured by the bone compressive strength. The effect of increasing bone strength on the failure load is nonlinear. The development of adequate failure load capacity is the result of a balance between the cement penetration allowed by the porosity of the bone and the inherent strength of the cancellous bone itself. Weak bone, although adequately penetrated by cement, cannot provide strong fixation. Stronger, denser bone limits cement penetration, but pressurization enhances development of failure load capacity through more complete infusion and interlocking of the cement in the available pore space. The strength of the fixation achievable for any bone is limited by the intrinsic strength of the bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chalcone-based small-molecule inhibitors attenuate malignant phenotype via targeting deubiquitinating enzymes

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is usurped by many if not all cancers to regulate their survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Bioflavonoids curcumin and chalcones exhibit anti-neoplastic selectivity through inhibition of the 26S proteasome-activity within the UPS. Here, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism of action of chalcone-based derivatives AM146, RA-9 and RA-14, which exert anticancer activity by targeting deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) without affecting 20S proteasome catalytic-core activity. The presence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group susceptible to nucleophilic attack from the sulfhydryl of cysteines in the active sites of DUB determines the capacity of novel small-molecules to act as cell-permeable, partly selective DUB inhibitors and induce rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and deplete the pool of free ubiquitin. These chalcone-derivatives directly suppress activity of DUB UCH-L1, UCH-L3, USP2, USP5 and USP8, which are known to regulate the turnover and stability of key regulators of cell survival and proliferation. Inhibition of DUB-activity mediated by these compounds downregulates cell-cycle promoters, e.g., cyclin D1 and upregulates tumor suppressors p53, p27(Kip1) and p16(Ink4A). These changes are associated with arrest in S-G 2/M, abrogated anchorage-dependent growth and onset of apoptosis in breast, ovarian and cervical cancer cells without noticeable alterations in primary human cells. Altogether, this work provides evidence of antitumor activity of novel chalcone-based derivatives mediated by their DUB-targeting capacity; supports the development of pharmaceuticals to directly target DUB as a most efficient strategy compared with proteasome inhibition and also provides a clear rationale for the clinical evaluation of these novel small-molecule DUB inhibitors.
Students consuming sack lunches devote more time to eating than those consuming school lunches.

Abstract Concern has been raised about the amount of time provided for students to consume school lunch. This study analyzed the amount of time used by elementary students to consume school lunch vs sack lunch. Data collectors used stop watches to collect wait time, opportunity time to eat and consumption time for elementary students consuming school lunch, sack lunch, and sack lunch with a separate milk purchase. Students consuming school lunch had a significantly longer wait time than those consuming sack lunch or sack lunch with milk (P J Am Diet Assoc . 2002; 102: 1283-1286 .
A parallel RMA2 model for simulating large-scale free surface flows

Abstract In this work, a popular two-dimensional finite element hydrodynamic serial model (RMA2) is ported over to parallel platform using evolving programming paradigms, and its performance tested over both a traditional supercomputer and over a cluster. The parallel code is based on domain decomposition principles and uses MPI protocols for all inter-processor communication. Focus is equally distributed among the performance data and on the accuracy of the end parallel solution. The data structures and kernels available in the portable extensible toolkit for scientific computation (PETSc) libraries have been used in the parallel code formulation. With focus shifting on modeling real life flows, which are characterized by large size domains, the current serial codes are limited by the required computational time. Developing parallel versions of these serial codes, will address this primary limitation without loosing any of the serial modeling audience. The strategy used in this work can aid modelers in developing parallel versions of their serial codes. As the results indicate, one can arrive at the parallel version by using the parallel software libraries, and the serial code need not be rewritten from scratch. Additionally, the format of the input/output data files can be left unchanged. The end parallel code can accelerate the solution to the desired state without loosing any accuracy in the end solution.
Shape instabilities in hot nuclei

Abstract The large-amplitude time evolution of hot finite nuclei is analyzed within the finite-temperature mean-field framework. The expansion rate for 40 Ca is obtained by solving constrained spherically symmetric Hartree-Fock equations. Considering fluctuations around the collective path, the conditions for the onset of shape instabilities is discussed.
Increased Incidence of Cervical and Vaginal Dysplasia in 3980 Diethylstilbestrol-Exposed Young Women: Experience of the National Collaborative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis Project

The purpose of this article is to report the incident cases of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix and vagina among patients in the National Collaborative Diethylstilbestrol Ad-enosis Project. Incidence rates for dysplasia/carcinoma in situ have been calculated and analyses have been performed i
Early Head Start: A dynamic new program for infants and toddlers and their families

En simplement six annees, le Early Head Start (un programme de prevention et d'aide gouvernementale a la petite enfance defavorisee aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique) a grandi de 68 centres beneficiaires a l'origine a 650 programmes servant plus de 50.000 familles avec des bebes ou des petits enfants a travers les USA au debut de l'annee 2001. Avec une part toujours plus grande du budget federal de programme Head Start, un programme plus general, le Early Head Start est un effort ambitieux avec lequel le ministere americain delegue aux familles, a la jeunesse et aux enfants repond a la crise silencieuse auxquels sont confrontes les bebes et les petits enfants aux Etats-Unis, cette crise ayant ete identifiee par la Carnegie Corporation de New York dans son Starting Points de 1994. Ce survol de ce numero special decrit le programme, son developpement et sa croissance, ses changements d'orientation et de contexte programmatique durant ses cinq premieres annees. Nous expliquons comment l'infrastructure federale et regionale soutient le Early Head Start a travers la formation, l'assistance technique et la surveillance. Nous resumons la conception et la conduite de l'evaluation nationale et des etudes de recherche locales. Nous presentons les lecons cles que les recherches ont donnees jusqu'a present. Enfin, nous concluons avec une evaluation des defis auxquels nous faisons face pour creer une base solide de connaissances pour les programmes servant les familles a revenus bas ayant des bebes et des petits enfants.
In vitro stimulation of cartilage in embryonic chick neural crest cells by products of retinal pigmented epithelium

The retinal pigmented epithelium of the chick embryo influences head neural crest mesenchymal cells to form the scleral cartilage of the eye. The possible role of extracellular matrix in this interaction was studied. Extracellular matrix was deposited on Millipore filters in vitro by pigmented epithelial cells which were then killed by distilled water lysis. When grown on the Millipore filters which had carried pigmented epithelium, clonal neural crest and periocular mesenchyme “target” cells formed cartilage in 61 of 155 experiments. Cartilage was not formed when the cells were grown on naked filters nor did gels of purified Type I and Type II collagen promote chondrogenesis. It is concluded that extracellular matrix deposited by the pigmented epithelium in vitro is a potent stimulus for the induction of chondrogenesis in competent mesenchyme, and that living pigmented epithelial cells need not be present for such induction.
The effect of ion implantation on cyclic stress-strain response of polycrystalline copper

Abstract The effect of aluminum and boron ion implantation on strain-controlled (low cycle) and stress-controlled (high cycle) fatigue behavior of polycrystalline copper was investigated. The cyclic stress-strain, strain-life and stress-life relations, cyclic slip and crack nucleation behavior of implanted copper are compared with those of unimplanted copper. Under strain control, ion-implanted samples show a lower degree of cyclic hardening and longer fatigue lives than their non-implanted counterparts. Aluminum implantation has a larger effect than boron implantation. Under stress control the fatigue life and the fatigue limit are observed to increase for the aluminum-implanted samples compared with their non-implanted counterparts. These changes in fatigue behavior are associated with changes in deformation behavior in the surface region and surface residual stresses created by ion implantation.