cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An interactive and user-centered computer system to predict physician's disease judgments in discharge summaries

Purpose: This article describes a formative natural language processing (NLP) system that is grounded in user-centered design, simplification, and transparency of function. Methods: The NLP system was tasked to classify diseases within patient discharge summaries and is evaluated against clinician judgment during the 2008 i2b2 Shared Task competition. Text classification is performed by interactive, fully supervised learning using rule-based processes and support vector machines (SVMs). Results: The macro-averaged F-score for textual (t) and intuitive (i) classification were 0.614(t) and 0.629(i), while micro-averaged F-scores were recorded at 0.966(t) and 0.954(i) for the competition. These results were comparable to the top 10 performing systems. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that an interactive training method, de novo knowledge base with no external data sources, and simplified text mining processes can achieve a comparably high performance in classifying health-related texts. Further research is needed to determine if the user-centered advantages of a NLP system translate into real world benefits.
DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR INTRACELLULAR NEURONAL SIGNALS

A comprehensive system for the acquisition and analysis of neurophysiological data is described, with a focus on intracellular data. The software comprising the system will evaluate a number of neuronal signals, including intracellular as well as extracellular recordings from neurons, evoked potentials and computer simulation data. Significant enhancements enable sampling at high resolution (50 kHz throughput to disk; +/- 15 bit or 96 db), concurrent with extensive on-line analysis capabilities and display. Modifications of existing software and development of new types of input and output devices and analysis can be incorporated as needed, using a binary digital database as the primary storage for the experimental signals and device-independent graphics.
The ‘wandering appendicolith’

Acute appendicitis is a common pediatric surgical emergency. Successful surgical appendectomy requires removal of the appendix and its contents. A retained appendicolith is a complication that occurs when the appendicolith is expulsed from the appendix as a result of perforation or failure of removal during surgery. An ectopic appendicolith can migrate to a variety of ectopic locations, acting as a nidus for abscess. Clinical presentation may be delayed by days, weeks or even months after surgery. We present and discuss an unusual case of empyema caused by migration of an appendicolith into the chest cavity. Management of these retained appendicoliths requires drainage of the abscess and extraction of the appendicolith.
Thermodynamics of microemulsions: relation between their structure and phase behaviour

Abstract The treatment previously developed by the author to explain the thermodynamic stability and phase behaviour of microemulsions is presented and some of its physical consequences are emphasized. General thermodynamic equations are written concerning the singel phase microemulsions, the transition to a microemulsion in equilibrium with an excess dispersed phase, and for the transition from the latter two phase system to one in which a microemulsion coexists with both excess phases (three phase system). On this basis, it is shown that the spherical shape of the globules of the dispersed phase becomes unstable to thermal perturbations, both in some single phase microemulsions as well as near the transition from the two to the three phase systems. While in the former case the radius of the globules at which the instability occurs is finite, in the latter case, it tends to infinity and the inter-facial tension at the surface of the globules as well as their bending stress tend to zero proportionally to the square of the curvature. This explaines the ill defined, fluctuating interfaces observed in the former case as well as the behaviour similar to that near a critical point observed in the latter case.
Haloaldehyde polymers. VIII. Preparation and polymerization of dichlorofluoroacetaldehyde.

Dichlorofluoroacetaldehyde was prepared from methyl dichlorofluoroacetate by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. Highly purified dichlorofluoroacetaldehyde was polymerized using various cationic and anionic initiators to a crystalline insoluble polymer or an amorphous soluble polymer, depending on polymerization conditions. It could be stabilized and the thermal degradation behavior was compared with polymers of other perhaloacetaldehydes. The monomer was also copolymerized with other haloacetaldehydes and phenyl pocyanate.
NMR chemical shifts in cuprous salts: The magnetic moment of Cu

Abstract An extensive study has been made of chemical shifts of the 63 Cu resonance in a number of cuprous salts. The observed trend in chemical shifts for the cuprous halides is in disagreement with theoretical ionicity estimates of either Pauling or Phillips. This trend has been explained by taking into account the relative importance of π bonding for the different halides. On the basis of the present data, CuBr is the most suitable Knight shift reference compound. The measurements indicate μ = 2.2206 nm for 63 Cu and μ = 2.3791 nm for 63 Cu for reference moment, without diamagnetic correction.
Worker Control in Portugal: The Revolution and Today

During the Portuguese revolution of 1974-1975 many production and service firms came under worker control. The movement for worker control in enterprises, though part of a larger movement for self-determination in other institutions, was inspired less by ideology than by the need to preserve employment in the face of economic crisis, capital flight, and owners' refusal to meet contractual obligations. Despite adverse circumstances during the revolution and neglect by subsequent conservative governments, these firms have achieved real worker control: though they generally maintain traditional work organization, they have taken steps toward hierarchical and income equality and, by mobilizing workers' commitment to their firms and to each other, salvaged foundering enterprises and usually increased production and employment. Since maintaining employment is their primary goal, the economic logic which governs them is different from that in capitalist firms. The place of worker control in revolution and social...
Central Nervous System Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase‐1 and −2 Responses to Oestradiol and Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Late‐Gestation Fetal Sheep

Previous work in this laboratory has demonstrated that cerebral hypoperfusion increases the expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGHS-2) in ovine fetal brain regions. Endogenously produced prostaglandins, in turn, partially mediate the fetal hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to arterial hypotension. In separate experiments, we have found that oestradiol stimulates fetal HPA axis activity. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that oestradiol increases the expression of PGHS isoforms, and that oestradiol augments the PGHS response to cerebral hypoperfusion. Sixteen fetal sheep of known gestational ages (124–128 days' gestation at the time of study) were subjected to chronic catheterization and implantation of extravascular occluder around the brachiocephalic artery. Eight fetuses were subjected to subcutaneous implantation of a pellet containing 17β-oestradiol (release rate 5 mg (21 days)−1). Brachiocephalic occlusion (BCO) stimulated adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, responses that were augmented by oestradiol. One hour after the beginning of a 10 min period of BCO, PGHS-1 mRNA was increased in fetal brainstem and hypothalamus, and PGHS-2 mRNA was increased in fetal brainstem. Oestradiol, by itself, increased the abundance of PGHS-2 mRNA in brainstem and cerebellum, and augmented the PGHS-2 mRNA response to BCO in brainstem. In contrast, oestradiol had no significant effect on the abundance of PGHS-1 mRNA in any brain region. PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 protein levels did not reflect the changes in the respective mRNAs. The abundance of both proteins was increased in cerebral cortex in response to BCO, and the abundance of PGHS-2 protein was increased by both oestradiol and BCO in the hippocampus. The results of this study confirm and extend the results of our previous studies, demonstrating an effect of cerebral hypoperfusion on the expression of both isoforms of PGHS. We conclude that oestradiol increases the expression of PGHS-2 in specific fetal brain regions, and that there is an interaction between oestradiol and BCO in the control of PGHS-2 expression in the fetal brainstem. We expect that at later time-points, the changes in mRNA would be followed by similar changes in enzyme abundance at the protein level. We speculate that at least a part of the effect of oestradiol on fetal HPA axis function is mediated by an interaction between oestradiol and prostaglandin biosynthesis in the fetal brain.
Lentiviral Vector Transduction of Hematopoietic Stem Cells that Mediate Long-Term Reconstitution of Lethally Irradiated Mice

Lentiviral vectors efficiently transduce human CD34(+) cells that mediate long-term engraftment of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. However, hematopoiesis in these animals is abnormal. Typically, 95% of the human cells in peripheral blood are B lymphocytes. To determine whether lentiviral vectors efficiently transduce stem cells that maintain normal hematopoiesis in vivo, we isolated Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)Lin(-) bone marrow cells from mice without 5-fluorouracil treatment, and transduced these cells in the absence of cytokine stimulation with a novel lentiviral vector containing a GFP (green flourescent protein) reporter gene. These cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated C57Bl/6 mice. In fully reconstituted animals, GFP expression was observed in 8.0% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 20 weeks posttransplantation. Lineage analysis demonstrated that a similar percentage (approximately 8.0%) of GFP-positive cells was detected in peripheral blood B cells, T cells, granulocytes and monocytes, bone marrow erythroid precursor cells, splenic B cells, and thymic T cells. In secondary transplant recipients, up to 20% of some lineages expressed GFP. Our results suggest that quiescent, hematopoietic stem cells are efficiently transduced by lentiviral vectors without impairing self-renewal and normal lineage specification in vivo. Efficient gene delivery into murine stem cells with lentiviral vectors will allow direct tests of genetic therapies in mouse models of hematopoietic diseases such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, in which corrected cells may have a selective survival advantage.
A Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cell: Design and Processing Approach

We present a new device structure for a high efficiency, thin-film, silicon solar cell. A preliminary design and an approach for fabrication of such a cell are discussed. The cell structure uses interface texturing and a back surface reflector for effective light trapping. A theoretical analysis is applied to determine the major parameters of the cell. These analyses indicate that a cell efficiency of about 18% is attainable with a Si film thickness of 10-15 μ, and grain size of about 50 μ. A method for making a large-grain thin cell is proposed.
Micrognathism corrected by vertical osteotomies of the rami without bone grafts

Abstract A modified procedure for correction of micrognathism by bilateral vertical osteotomies of the mandibular rami without bone grafts has been used in fourteen patients. An abbreviated case report has been presented to illustrate the technique.
Normative cross-sectional area of the C5-C8 nerve roots using ultrasonography

This study will define a normal range of values for the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the C5-C8 ventral rami in normal subjects and will assess the interexaminer reliability of the CSA measurements. We also describe the normal sonoanatomy of the C5-C8 ventral rami. Thirty-three normal subjects (20 female) were scanned bilaterally. The mean CSA and reference ranges for the C5, C6, C7 and C8 ventral rami were 7.1 +/- 4.1 mm(2), 10.6 +/- 4.3 mm(2), 12.1 +/- 4.1 mm(2) and 10.7 +/- 4.8 mm(2), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated good reliability with a coefficient of 0.76 overall, with individual level coefficients at C5, C6, C7 and C8 of 0.69, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. This is the first study to obtain normative CSA measurements of the C5-C8 ventral rami.
Kinetics of F.c.c. → b.c.c. heterogeneous martensitic nucleation-II. Thermal activation

Abstract A critical analysis of the experimental data for the activation energy for f.c.c. → b.c.c. martensitic nucleation in FeNi, FeNiC, FeNiCr and FeNiMn alloys has been performed employing the theory of dislocation discrete-obstacle interaction. It is shown that the normalized activation energy Q (T)/μ(T) vs normalized driving force Δg n /Δ g data for isothermal martensitic nucleation follows the general form proposed by Kocks, Argon and Ashby [in Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Slip, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 19. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1975)] for the kinetics of conventional slip deformation in solid solution strengthened alloys. Curvature of the Q(Δg) function defines a temperature dependent activation volume for isothermal martensitic nucleation. The analysis is consistent with rate control by the interaction of solute atoms with the thermally-assisted motion of the martensitic interface. The contribution of a solute to the thermal component of interfacial friction is found to scale with its athermal contribution. The analysis incorporates kinetic data for the effects of applied elastic stress and plastic pre-strain, providing a quantitative estimate of the interfacial friction from dislocation forest hardening.
Measurements of rotational relaxation cross sections for H2CO

Abstract Cross sections for the 1 11 , 1 10 , 2 12 , and 2 11 rotational states and for total beam attenuation of H 2 CO were measured using a beam maser spectrometer. Significant inelastic scattering in the forward direction was obtained for He and CF 3 H. Significant inelastic contributions were not observed using H 2 as a scattering gas. Observed cross sections for the 1 11 state are larger than those for the 1 10 state. The relations of the present cross sections to various models for obtaining a low excitation temperature for the 1 11 -1 10 doublet of formaldehyde in interstellar space is discussed.
Adsorbate-Induced Changes in the Surface Composition of Bimetallic Clusters: Pt−Au on TiO2(110)

The growth, surface composition, and chemical activity of bimetallic Pt−Au clusters on TiO2(110) have been investigated. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments demonstrate that the deposition of Au on Pt clusters results in the formation of bimetallic Pt−Au clusters due to the seeding of the mobile Au atoms at existing Pt nuclei. The composition of the top surface layer of the clusters was studied by low energy ion scattering (LEIS) for bulk compositions ranging from 25%−87.5% Pt with total metal coverages of 0.25 and 0.50 ML. For both coverages, the cluster surfaces consisted of nearly pure Au at Pt compositions of 50% and lower; however, a mix of Au and Pt atoms were found at the cluster surfaces at higher fractions of deposited Pt. These results are consistent with bulk thermodynamics, which predicts a Pt core−Au shell structure based on the lower surface free energy of Au compared to Pt and the large bulk miscibility gap for the two metals. The adsorption of CO on the Pt−Au clusters at room t...
Structural damage detection and estimation using a scanning laser vibrometer

This paper presents a model-independent boundary effect evaluation (BEE) method for pinpointing crack locations and estimating crack sizes using only operational deflection shapes (ODSs) measured by a scanning laser vibrometer. An ODS consists of central and boundary solutions. Central solutions are periodic functions, and boundary solutions are exponentially decaying functions due to boundary constraints. The BEE method uses a sliding-window curve-fitting technique to extract boundary solutions from an experimental ODS. Because cracks introduce localized small boundaries to a structure, boundary solutions exist around cracks as well as structural boundaries. Since crack-induced boundary solutions show characteristics different from those of actual boundaries, cracks can be easily located. A local strain energy method is derived for estimating crack sizes. In the method, the crack-induced strain energy extracted from an ODS is compared with the one calculated using fracture mechanics to estimate the crack size. To verify the capability and accuracy of this BEE method, experiments are performed on six 22' X 1' X 0.25' 2024-T4 aluminum beams each having a through-the-width Mode I crack at its midpoint. These cracks are slots having a width of 0.039' and depths of 0.0625' (25% of the beam thickness), 0.05' (20%), 0.0375' (15%), 0.025' (10%), 0.0125' (5%), and 0.005' (2%), respectively. Results show that this BEE method is capable of locating and estimating small cracks.
A Multithreaded Modular Software Toolkit for Control of Complex Experiments

A multithreaded modular software toolkit has been developed for centralized monitoring and control of complex scientific experiments and instruments. The Modular Control Toolkit (MCT) supports Unix-like operating systems and provides a reusable framework for user-developed modules to share data, setup software interlocks, and utilize a dedicated thread for hardware communication.
ACETONITRILE COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM(II)

Abstract Monoacetonitrile complexes of the formula CH3CNPtCl2Un have been prepared where Un is ethylene or carbon monoxide. The infrared spectra of these complexes showed them to have the cis-configuration with the nitrile bonded through the lone pair electrons on nitrogen. The coordinated nitrile fails to exchange with solvent nitrile even on long standing but the ethylene can be readily exchanged.
Raster scan approaches to computer graphics

Abstract This text reports on conclusions derived from the building and use of the 85 † , an elaborate raster scan display system for computer graphics applications. The titled plurality is justified by a generality and by a superset of degrees of freedom in the specific device, all of which no one application warrants and all of which have immense programming implications. The underlying and now generally accepted assumption is that the future of computer graphics is in raster scan technologies. This paper concludes that future implementations ought to be primarily mass memories, rarely scan conversion techniques, and never run-length lists.
An annular gas seal analysis using empirical entrance and exit region friction factors

Wall shear stress results from stationary-rotor flow tests of five annular gas seals are used to develop entrance and exit region friction factor models. The friction factor models are used in a bulk-flow seal analysis which predicts leakage and rotor-dynamic coefficients. The predictions of the analysis are compared to experimental results and to the predictions of Nelson's analysis (1985). The comparisons are for smooth-rotor seals with smooth and honeycomb-stators. The present analysis predicts the destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness of a seal better than Nelson's analysis. Both analyses predict direct damping well and direct stiffness poorly.
Stranding Potential of Young Fishes Subjected to Simulated Vessel-Induced Drawdown

Abstract During early life stages, fish in the Mississippi River system may become stranded by shoreline drawdowns induced by the passage of commercial vessels. We examined the stranding of larval shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, paddlefish Polyodon spathula, and bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus and of juvenile blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus in a laboratory flume. Stranding was measured at three vertical drawdown rates (0.76, 0.46, and 0.21 cm/s) and two bank slopes (1:5 and 1:10). Blue catfish, shovelnose sturgeon, and paddlefish were not tested at both bank slopes. Susceptibility to stranding varied among species and was independent of drawdown rate. At a slope of 1:5, shovelnose sturgeons had the highest stranding percentage (66.7%), followed by paddlefish (38.0%), bluegills (20.0%), bigmouth buffalo (2.2%), and largemouth bass (0.0%). At 1:10, blue catfish had the highest stranding percentage (26.7%), follow...
Theories of High Tc Superconductors

Many theories have been given to account for the high transition temperatures in the oxide superconductors. While most are based on pairing, they differ as to the origin of the attractive interaction that gives rise to the pairs and whether the pairing is weak or strong. If weak(λ < ∼ 0.5), the energy range of the pairing interaction must be wider than is consistent with one mediated solely by phonons. With measurements on single crystals becoming available, giving data covering a wide range of frequencies and temperatures, it is possible to narrow down the possible options. The data show that anisotropie 3D models are required. Observed isotope shifts indicate that phonons must play a role, but additional mechanisms are likely necessary to account for the high T’s. Thermal, magnetic and transport data are consistent with anisotropie Ginzburg-Landau theory near T, with expected departures at low temperatures.
Proximal B cell receptor signaling pathways

Engagement of the B cell antigen receptor by antigen initiates a complex and interconnected cascade of signaling pathways that determine whether a B cell will divide, differentiate, or die. Both biochemical and genetic studies have defined the principal molecules, including the BCR components Igσ and Igβ, Src kinases, Syk, and Btk. Linker proteins such as BLNK have recently been shown to play a vital role in organizing proximal signaling molecules and coupling the BCR to distal signaling pathways. In this review, we will pay particular attention to how BCR-proximal kinases coordinate the activation of PLCγ2, leading to the initiation and amplification of BCR-mediated calcium flux and the activation of PI-3 kinase.
Irradiation and Fumigation Effects on Flavor, Aroma and Composition of Grapefruit Products

Effects were evaluated on grapefruit treated to meet quarantine restrictions against Caribbean fruit fly infestation. Differences were found in flavor of fresh sections, fresh juice, and aroma of peel oil when obtained from fruit irradiated with x-rays, as compared with products from nonirradiated fruit. Flavor differences were found in all pasteurized juices from fruit irradiated at 50-60 krad. Vitamin C levels were significantly lower in juice from most irradiated fruit. Flavor differences were found in fresh and pasteurized juice from fruit treated with methyl bromide, and in pasteurized juice from fruit treated with ethylene dibromide. Aroma differences were found in peel oil from fruit treated with phosphine.
The renewal of Labrador sea water

Abstract Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen data are analysed to study the renewal of Labrador Sea Water. It is suggested that renewal occurs in winter in the central Labrador Sea when cooled surface water sinks to intermediate depths along isopycnal surfaces which rise to meet the sea surface because of the cyclonic circulation of the sea. The surface water which eventually ends up with the properties of Labrador Sea Water is a mixture of the warm, saline Atlantic Water of the West Greenland Current and the cold, less saline polar water of the Labrador Current. An apparent instance of deep convective renewal to 1500 meters in 1967 is discussed briefly.
Perception-based playout scheduling for high-quality real-time interactive multimedia

Existing media playout scheduling (MPS) schemes usually focus on selecting and scheduling packets according to optimized Internet media metrics, which are only partially relevant to the subjective human perception in the interactive system. The MPS design challenges are two-fold. First, human preferences are concurrently dominated by multiple quality attributes of the streaming media whose perceptual tradeoffs were not well understood, so they were not used as an integral part of an efficient MPS design. Second, people's perceptions can be impacted by the flicker effect caused by Internet dynamics and the resulting MPS adaptations. In this paper, we propose a new and adaptive perception-based MPS scheme to deliver high-quality real-time interactive multimedia. We first investigate the perceptual tradeoffs among the multi-modal bundle streaming qualities in a real Internet environment. We then present ourMPS design that finds the bundle quality tradeoffs, while minimizing flicker degradations. Evaluation results show the performance of our MPS scheme.
Influence of COMT inhibition on levodopa pharmacology and therapy

Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme that is linked directly to therapy with levodopa. Considering the demonstrated mechanism of action and pharmacologic profiles of COMT inhibitors, it is reasonable to hypothesize that these agents would improve the disability associated with Parkinson's disease. Two basic classes of COMT inhibitors are being studied in patients with PD: those that act exclusively extracerebrally or peripherally (e.g., entacapone) and those that cross the blood-brain barrier (e.g., tolcapone). With COMT inhibition, greater peripheral bioavailability of levodopa occurs in humans without an enhancement of peak plasma levels. It is reasonable to suggest that COMT inhibition will be associated with prolonged effects of levodopa in PD, without increased peak dose toxicity in the form of dyskinesias and hallucinations.
Changes in piscivory associated with fishing induced changes to the finfish community on Georges Bank

There are many ecologically and commercially important piscivores in the Georges Bank fish community. There has been a noticeable shift in the abundance of these predators during the last four decades which is generally attributed to fishing pressure. Although many fish persist as piscivores in this system, not only has their relative abundance changed but their size composition has also changed. Both factors influence the total magnitude of piscivory by these fish. To ascertain the cascading effects of fishing on fish predation, we examined relative abundance, total stomach contents, diet composition, consumption rates, and total food consumption of fish for several species across the time period. The proportion of the diet comprised by fish for piscivores on Georges Bank has remained remarkably consistent. However, the composition of specific fish prey has changed across the time series. Total fish consumption generally tracked predator abundance, but two species demonstrated compensating consumption rates as larger size classes declined. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, total fish consumption by six major predators has remained generally constant despite changes in predator size, structure and abundance. One reason for constant systemic piscivory is the dominant piscivore in this ecosystem has shifted from cod to spiny dogfish. We assert that a major effect of intense fishing pressure is a shift in energy flow for marine ecosystems.
Trends in CT scan rates in children and pregnant women: teaching, private, public and nonprofit facilities

Background Radiation exposure from medical sources now equals or exceeds that from natural background sources, largely attributable to a 20-fold increase in CT use since 1980. Increasing exposure to children and fetuses is of most concern due to their heightened susceptibility. More recently, CT use may be leveling or decreasing, but it is unclear whether this change is widespread or varies by type of institution.
Latest innovations in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique

Abstract An overview of the latest innovations in the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique is described. The use of the transverse heated graphite atomizer technology with its huge advantages, the possibilities of running powdered solids through the slurry technique, and the future possibility of using flow injection on-line with the graphite furnace are mentioned.
Lower limb revascularization for PAD using a heparin-coated PTFE conduit

Objective: To assess the patency of the PROPATEN Graft in lower extremity bypasses. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all lower extremity bypasses with the PROPATEN Graft from 2007-2009 at a sin...
Innate antioxidant defense systems in the respiratory tract.

Besides the skin, the respiratory tract is the major organ that is continuously exposed to the external environment. As such, this organ is continuously challenged by a wide variety of exogenous hazards (gaseous air pollutants, cigarette smoke, exhaust particles, allergens, pathogens, etc.) that threaten normal lung function. To assure maintainance of adequate lung function and to minimize the occurrence of continuous infections, the respiratory tract is endowed with an exhaustive and unique network of innate defense systems. Perhaps most importantly, mucociliary clearance mechanisms are essential for the removal of inhaled pathogenic particles, that would otherwise provoke chronic inflammatory responses. This mucocilliary clearance pathway is supported by the secretion of mucins that trap inhaled particles or pathogens and allow their efficient removal. However, these airway secretions also contain a number of peptides and proteins that directly kill or inhibit pathogens (defensins, lysozyme, cathelicidin, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase), or modulate inflammatory responses. Finally, several cellular components, involving epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages as well as recruited professional phagocytic cells such as neutrophils, initiate or coordinate additional host responses to infection and provide effector functions against pathogens.
Damned if you do and damned if you don’t: Assigning blame to victims regardless of their choice

Abstract The just world literature implies that when someone is a victim of suffering, observers will somehow attribute the suffering to the behavior of the victim. In the current study, participants read a scenario about a person who had either converted or not converted to a new religion. This same person later either experienced no tragedy or was a victim of an unrelated brutal robbery which permanently disabled him. When the target person was victimized, participants were reluctant to attribute blame to the person or to his morality; however, they were quick to assign blame to the victim's choice to convert. Interestingly, even when the victim had not converted, participants still assigned blame to the decision to not convert.
Cation movements and respiratory response in yeast mitochondria treated with high Ca2+ concentrations.

Abstract 1. 1. Reinvestigation of the interaction of Ca 2+ with mitochondria isolated from the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis has shown that respiration-linked cation uptake can be induced by high Ca 2+ concentrations, in the range of 1–10 mM. 2. 2. High Ca 2+ concentration induces H + ejection, 2-fold respiratory stimulation, and an increase in the steady-state oxidation level of cytochrome b . 3. 3. Ca 2+ uptake by yeast mitochondria was demonstrated by spectrophometric recording of changes in calcium-murexide absorption. 4. 4. Both Ca 2+ uptake and proton ejection are strongly inhibited by uncouplers and by the electron transport inhibitor, antimycin A. 5. 5. Inorganic phosphate stimulates the initial Ca 2+ uptake rate about 8-fold. 6. 6. No appreciable ATP-driven Ca 2+ uptake could be detected under conditions suitable for respiration-linked transport. 7. 7. Respiration-linked cation transport by yeast mitochondria has a narrow specificity, similar to that of liver mitochondria; Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ and Mn 2+ are active, while Mg 2+ and Na + are not. 8. 8. Although isolated yeast mitochondria have the capacity for specific, respiration-linked Ca 2+ uptake, this is probably of little physiological significance, since an efficient, high affinity Ca 2+ transport system is lacking.
Nuclear Medicine Therapy Clinics: A Golden Opportunity for Direct Longitudinal Patient Care

p p t n s m a t c t w t e t BACKGROUND The scope of practice within nuclear medicine is predominated by diagnostic imaging using various imaging modalities, such as gamma cameras, SPECT/CT, and PET/CT. The therapeutic aspects of the specialty often constitute a minor role in most clinical practices; however, with the increased use of radioimmunotherapies and the development of other radiotherapies such as Radium 223 (Ra), there is significant poential for growth with regard to herapeutic nuclear medicine. Raiologists and nuclear medicine hysicians possess the appropriate ducation, training, and experience ith the handling and administraion of unsealed sources of radiaion. As such, radiologists and uclear medicine physicians should e prepared to seize this opportuity to actively participate in direct ongitudinal patient care. Examples of current therapies in uclear medicine include sodium odide 131 for thyroid cancer, saarium 153 for the treatment of one pain, and Y ibritumomab tiuxetan for the treatment of lymphoma. Thus far, therapies in nuclear medicine have required a single visit during which a radiopharmaceutical is administered, but this paradigm will change with the introduction of new -particle therapies such as Ra. The therapy will consist of monthly injections of the radiopharmaceutical over a 6-month period of time. Clinical studies in patients with bone metastases from castrateresistant prostate cancer have demonstrated an overall survival benefit
Structure and superconductivity in alkali tungsten bronzes

The anomalous concentration dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of alkali tungsten bronzes ${M}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is shown to be consistent with electron pairing induced by exchange of acoustic plasmons. Structural changes in these metals yield significant band-structure splitting which is shown to be essential to the formation of well-defined acoustic-plasmon branches in the dielectric function. Our results explain why cubic ${\mathrm{H}}_{x}M{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is not superconducting even for large metallic densities $x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$, and furthermore, demonstrate that the hexagonal phase is favorable to superconducting pairing in agreement with experiments on ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Possible neutron and Brillouin scattering experiments are proposed to directly measure the acoustic-plasmon dispersion and damping.
Tetrahydrobiopterin enhances apoptotic PC12 cell death following withdrawal of trophic support.

Abstract (6R)-Tetrahydro-l-biopterin (BH4) is the rate-limiting cofactor in the production of catecholamine and indoleamine neurotransmitters and is also essential for the synthesis of nitric oxide by nitric-oxide synthase. We have previously reported that BH4 administration induces PC12 cell proliferation and that nerve growth factor- or epidermal growth factor-induced PC12 cell proliferation requires the elevation of intracellular BH4 levels. We show here that BH4accelerates apoptosis in undifferentiated PC12 cells deprived of serum and in differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells after nerve growth factor withdrawal. Increased production of catecholamines or nitric oxide cannot account for the enhancement of apoptosis by BH4. Furthermore, increased calcium influx by exogenous BH4administration is not involved in the BH4 proapoptotic effect. Our data also argue against the possibility that increased oxidative stress, due to BH4 autoxidation, is responsible for the observed BH4 effects. Instead, they are consistent with the hypothesis that BH4 induces apoptosis by increasing cell cycle progression. Elevation of intracellular BH4 during serum withdrawal increased c-Myc (and especially Myc S) expression earlier than serum withdrawal alone. Furthermore,N-acetylcysteine and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor olomoucine ameliorated the BH4proapoptotic effect. These data suggest that BH4 affects c-Myc expression and cell cycle-dependent events, possibly accounting for its effects on promoting cell cycle progression or apoptosis.
Thermodynamics of the Proximity Effect: Specific-Heat Jumps in Lamellar Lead-Tin Eutectic Alloys

The specific-heat jump at the critical temperature has been determined as a function of ${D}_{S}$, the thickness of the superconducting layers. For thick layers, the jump decreases rapidly as ${D}_{S}$ decreases, approaching a limit of about one-half the bulk value. A second jump in the specific heat (associated with the transition in the "normal" layers) decreases rapidly as the normal-layer thickness decreases, and extrapolates to zero for ${D}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{4}\ensuremath{\mu}$.
Gonadal dysgenesis and gonadoblastoma in situ in a female with Fraser (cryptophthalmos) syndrome.

2. Scriver CR, Clow C, Silverbery M. Hypermethi0ninemia in acute tyrosinosis. Lancet 1966;1:153. 3. Gjessing LR, Halvorsen S. Hypermethioninemia in acute 8. tyrosinosis. Lancet 1965;2:1132. 4. Gaull GE, Rassin DK, Sturman JA. Significance of hypermethioninemia in acute tyrosinosis. Lancet 1968;1:1318. \ 5. Gaull GE, Rassjn DK, Solomon GK, et al. Biochemical 9. observations on so-called hereditary tyrosinemia. Pediatr Res 1970;4:337. 10. 6. Strife CF, Zuroweste EL, Emmett EA, et al. Tyrosinemia with acute intermittent porphyria: aminolevulinic acid dehy11. dratas e deficiency related' to elevated urinary aminolevulinic acid levels. J PEDIATR 1977;90:400. 7. Lindblad B, Lindstedt S, Steen G. On the enzymatic defects in hereditary tyrosinemia. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 1977; 74:4641. Sassa S, Kappas A. Hereditary tyrosinemia and the heme biosynthetic pathway: profound inhibition of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by succinylacetone. J Clin Invest 1983;73:625. Michals K, Matalon R, Wong PWK. Dietary treatment of tyrosinemia type I. J Am Diet Assoc 1978;73:507. Scriver CR. Hypermethioninemia in acute tyrosinosis. Lancet 1968;1:1319. Boelsterli UA, Rakhit G, Balazs T. Modulation by Sadenosyl-L-methionine of hepatic Na § K+-ATPase, membrane fluidity, and bile flow in rats with ethinyl estradiolinduced cholestasis. Hepatology 1983;3;12.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antimicrobial agents

Numerous studies have contributed to the development of natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides as a prospective source of antibiotic agents. Based on the concept that cationic charge, bulk, and lipophilicity are major factors determining antibacterial activity in these peptides, we designed and screened several combinatorial libraries based on 1,3,5-triazine as a template. A set of compounds were identified to show potent antimicrobial activity together with low hemolytic activity.
Online approvals: Merging acquisitions and collection development

The particular aspect of online file utilization I wish to discuss evolved from the observation that “necessity is the mother of invention. ” The Southwest Missouri State University Libraries is one of a large group of academic libraries, perhaps a silent, albeit growing majority, that finds itself at an awkward age-not liberal arts college libraries, not by any stretch of the itiagination ARL libraries, but caught somewhere in between. Formerly an institution with a teaching and teacher education emphasis, this University in the past 15 years has absorbed the parallel pressures of a heterogeneous uildergraduate explosion and increasing demands upon faculty to maintain instruction and simultaneously expand applied and pure research. At the same time the University and the Libraries are strapped for resources. A library in an institution of this size cannot, as might an ARL library, rely on a relatively strong campus political base. There is generally a direct correlation btitween the paucity of resources and the degree of support given the library from other parts of the university. Its practical equation with apple pie and other sacred elements is valid only in flush times. Also, unlike an ARL library, the library of a more modest institution cannot retreat to a reliance upon historically strong collections. Hence, the necessity and opportunity to innovate.
Complementarity Problems in GAMS and the PATH Solver

Abstract A fundamental mathematical problem is to find a solution to a square system of nonlinear equations. There are many methods to approach this problem, the most famous of which is Newton's method. In this paper, we describe a generalization of this problem, the complementarity problem. We show how such problems are modeled within the GAMS modeling language and provide details about the PATH solver, a generalization of Newton's method, for finding a solution. While the modeling format is applicable in many disciplines, we draw the examples in this paper from an economic background. Finally, some extensions of the modeling format and the solver are described.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE JOINT CAPSULE IN THE RAT: PRESENCE OF TWO KINDS OF CAPILLARIES.

THE passage of fluid and solutes in and out of the joint cavity occurs with relative ease, but the structural basis of this high permeability is not readily apparent at the level of light microscopy. A priori, one might expect it to depend on peculiarities of the synovial lining, of its vascular supply, or both.
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE HISTORY FOR ASSESSING EXTINCTION RISK

Assessment of extinction risk may depend not only upon the current state of the landscape and its projected trajectory of change, but also on its past disturbance history. We employed a spatially structured demographic model to evaluate extinction risk for several generic migratory songbirds within landscapes subjected to ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation. We generated different scenarios of dynamic landscape change using neutral landscape models, in which breeding habitat was systematically destroyed at various rates (0.5%, 1%, or 5% per year) and degrees of fragmentation, thus enabling us to determine the relative contribution of these factors to population declines. Extinction risk was assessed relative to the vulnerability threshold, the point where the change in population growth rate (Dl) scaled to the rate of habitat loss ( Dh) falls below 21% (Dl/Dh 52 0.01). Our model predicts that songbirds are likely to exhibit lagged responses to habitat loss in landscapes undergoing rapid change (5% per year). In such scenarios, the landscape changed more rapidly than the demographic response time of the population, such that population growth rates never exceeded the vulnerability threshold, even though these species inevi- tably went extinct. Thus, songbirds in landscapes undergoing rapid change might not be assessed as ''at risk'' until the population's demographic potential has been seriously eroded, which would obviously compromise the success of management actions aimed at recovering the population. Furthermore, our model illustrates how assessment of a species' extinction risk may vary widely among landscapes of similar structure, depending upon how quickly the landscape achieved its current state. Thus, information on the current landscape state (e.g., amount of habitat or degree of fragmentation) may not be sufficient for assessing long-term population viability and extinction risk in the absence of information on the history of landscape disturbance.
Trait-Task interaction in intra- and intermodal matching of auditory and visual trigrams☆

Abstract Relations among short-term auditory memory, short-term visual memory, vocabulary knowledge, and intra- and intermodal matching of trigrams were examined with multiple-regression procedures. Trait measures and four tasks were administered to 52 first graders. Multiple Rs for the auditory-visual (A-V), visualauditory (V-A), and auditory-auditory (A-A) tasks were significant (p
SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF WHEAL-AND-ERYTHEMA RESPONSES WITH UNIVALENT HAPTENS AND UNIVALENT ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS

Wheal-and-erythema responses were studied in normal human volunteers and in a single human subject who is sensitive to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In the normal subjects, reactive skin sites were established by intradermal injection of purified rabbit antibody specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. In both the active and passively sensitized subjects, wheal-and-erythema was elicited by intradermal injection of a 2,4-dinitrophenyl protein, but not by injection of the same conjugate mixed with certain low molecular weight 2,4-dinitrophenyl haptens or with univalent fragments split by papain from anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibody. The latter fragments, unlike intact, bivalent, antibody, do not sensitize normal human skin sites. From these and other observations it is concluded that the wheal-and-erythema response in human skin requires mutually multivalent antigen and antibody. This requirement suggests that multimolecular complexes, containing at least 2 antigen and 2 antibody molecules, are essential in the pathogenesis of this allergic response.
Poor Performance of Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for the Location of a Quantitative Trait Locus

The aim of many genetic studies is to locate the genomic regions (called quantitative trait loci, QTL) that contribute to variation in a quantitative trait (such as body weight). Confidence intervals for the locations of QTL are particularly important for the design of further experiments to identify the gene or genes responsible for the effect. Likelihood support intervals are the most widely used method to obtain confidence intervals for QTL location, but the nonparametric bootstrap has also been recommended. Through extensive computer simulation, we show that bootstrap confidence intervals behave poorly and so should not be used in this context. The profile likelihood (or LOD curve) for QTL location has a tendency to peak at genetic markers, and so the distribution of the maximum-likelihood estimate (MLE) of QTL location has the unusual feature of point masses at genetic markers; this contributes to the poor behavior of the bootstrap. Likelihood support intervals and approximate Bayes credible intervals, on the other hand, are shown to behave appropriately.
From Yellow to Blue Exploring Lance Armstrong’s Image Repair Strategies Across Traditional and Social Media

This research explored how Lance Armstrong utilized image repair strategies during 2012 and early 2013. This time frame represented a turbulent period in his career, as he faced a doping investigation by the U.S. government and later admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs during a nationally televised interview with Oprah Winfrey. Armstrong’s 859 tweets during this time period and his comments during the Oprah Winfrey interview were collected and subjected to a thematic analysis using Benoit’s image repair typology. Results indicated that via Twitter, Armstrong used attacking the accuser, bolstering, and stonewalling strategies but during the interview demonstrated contrition by employing mortification, shifting blame, simple denial, provocation, and victimization along with two newly identified strategies: conforming and retrospective regret. The results suggest that athletes who display multifaceted image repair strategies can embolden identification and attachment with followers and introduce co...