cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EP933 Thromboembolic events post cytoreductive surgery in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer

Introduction/Background To determine the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after an extensive cytoreductive surgery for ovarian or fallopian tube cancer, the associated risk factors and to suggest preventive measures pre- and postoperatively to reduce these risks. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted at Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital and included all patients older than 16 years and receiving a cytoreductive surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer between 2004 and 2017. Results 123 patients were included. Mean age was 55 years. The prevalence of postoperative thromboembolic events in the studied population was 8.9%. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were found in 6.5% and 4.1% of cases respectively. A correlation was found between the presence of venous catheter and the occurrence of thromboembolic events with a p value=0.035 (OR=4, IC [1.019–16.197]). Also, partial colectomy with anastomosis, cholecystectomy and appendectomy were found to be risk factors (0.001, 0.021 and 0.045 respectively). We found a correlation between hospital and intensive care stay and the duration of immobilization as well as a correlation between weight and hospital stay (p value=0.02). Date of initiation of postoperative thromboprophylaxis was related to the amount of intraoperative bleeding (p=0.024). Conclusion Avoiding the placement of central venous catheter, reducing the patient weight preoperatively, encouraging the early mobilization, reducing the hospital stay as well as stay in intensive care unit, controlling and limiting the intra- and postoperative bleeding are measures that contribute to reduction of risk of thromboembolic events occurrence. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.
Cost-aware Bayesian optimization

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a class of global optimization algorithms, suitable for minimizing an expensive objective function in as few function evaluations as possible. While BO budgets are typically given in iterations, this implicitly measures convergence in terms of iteration count and assumes each evaluation has identical cost. In practice, evaluation costs may vary in different regions of the search space. For example, the cost of neural network training increases quadratically with layer size, which is a typical hyperparameter. Cost-aware BO measures convergence with alternative cost metrics such as time, energy, or money, for which vanilla BO methods are unsuited. We introduce Cost Apportioned BO (CArBO), which attempts to minimize an objective function in as little cost as possible. CArBO combines a cost-effective initial design with a cost-cooled optimization phase which depreciates a learned cost model as iterations proceed. On a set of 20 black-box function optimization problems we show that, given the same cost budget, CArBO finds significantly better hyperparameter configurations than competing methods.
Abstract WP374: High Frequency Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Acute Phase of Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Decreases in blood pressure (BP) during endovascular therapy (EVT) have been associated with infarct progression and worse outcome after large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. However, ...
Female Objectification in Two Short Stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán

In two short stories by the canonical author Emilia Pardo Bazan, “Primer amor” and “La argolla” we find a double-voiced discourse, which Elaine Showalter has suggested is very common in women’s fiction (1981: 204). In both of Pardo Bazan’s tales there are small objects that symbolically allude to women’s objectification in the patriarchal society of the time. The dialogue created between these two tales is noteworthy for a number of reasons, including their critical portrayals of romantic relationships, their symbolism, descriptive language and the narrative techniques employed. In this study I posit that both tales critique the objectification of women by the patriarchal society of the time by linking society’s tendency to objectify women with symbolic references to confinement.
Effectiveness of hot water footbath therapy in reducing body temperature amongst patients with fever

Fever has been recognised as a symptom and not a disease in itself. The thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. Hydrotherapy in the form of cold and tepid applications has been historically used for reducing increased body temperature. Many studies have looked at effect of hydrotherapy over pharmacological measures and have found that tepid or cold sponging reduces body temperature rapidly, but are associated with discomfort for the patients. There is some evidence that hot water soaks to foot reduces body temperature effectively. Hot water footbath is considered as a non-pharmacological, safe, side effect-free, cost-effective and easy-to-administer therapy to reduce fever. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hot water footbath therapy (HWFBT) in reducing the body temperature in adult patients with fever. Sixty patients were selected by convenient sampling technique, of which thirty patients were allotted to experimental group and thirty to control group by random method. HWFBT was given to experimental group. The control group received the standard care as per practice of the hospital. The findings showed that the difference in the mean body temperature in the post-test was significantly lower in the experimental group (P
The Role of T Lymphocytes in Cutaneous Scarring.

Significance: Cutaneous scarring affects millions of patients worldwide and results in significant financial and psychosocial burdens. Given the immune system's intricate involvement in the initiat...
Is there any gender/race bias in hep-lat primary publication? Machine-Learning Evaluation of Author Ethnicity and Gender.

In this work, we analyze papers that are classified as primary hep-lat to study whether there is any race or gender bias in the journal-publication process. We implement machine learning to predict the race and gender of authors based on their names and look for measurable differences between publication outcomes based on author classification. We would like to invite discussion on how journals can make improvements in their editorial process and how institutions or grant offices should account for these publication differences in gender and race.
Rumen Sampling Methods Bias Bacterial Communities Observed

The rumen is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in our efforts to improve feed efficiency of cattle and reduce their environmental impacts. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful tool to survey shifts in the microbial community in response to feed additives and dietary changes. Oral stomach tubing a cow for a rumen sample is a rapid, cost-effective alternative to rumen cannulation for acquiring rumen samples. In this study, we determined how sampling method, as well as type of sample collected (liquid vs solid), bias the microbial populations observed. The abundance of major archaeal populations was not different at the family level in samples acquired via rumen cannula or stomach tube. Liquid samples were enriched for the order WCHB1-41 (phylum Kiritimatiellaeota) as well as the family Prevotellaceae and had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with grab samples from the rumen cannula. Solid samples most closely resembled the grab samples; therefore, inclusion of particulate matter is important for an accurate representation of the rumen microbes. Stomach tube samples were the most variable and were most representative of the liquid phase. In comparison with a grab sample, stomach tube samples had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Fibrobacter and Treponema. Fecal samples did not reflect the community composition of the rumen, as fecal samples had significantly higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and significantly lower relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with samples from the rumen.
Evaluating Piezoelectric Materials and Vibration Modes for Power Conversion

Piezoelectric components offer several potential advantages for power conversion including high power density and efficiency capabilities compared to magnetics at small scales. Converter architectures have been developed for efficient utilization of piezoelectrics, but fundamental criteria for designing the piezoelectric components themselves are lacking. In this paper, we derive figures of merit for the achievable efficiencies and power handling densities of piezoelectric materials and vibration modes based on realistic utilization in a power converter. These figures of merit are likewise accompanied by geometry conditions that serve as guidelines for high-efficiency, high-power-density piezoelectric resonator design. We demonstrate use of these metrics to evaluate commercially-available PZT and lithium niobate materials across seven vibration modes, and we validate the figures of merit and geometry conditions with numerical solutions of converter operation and experimental results. The proposed figures of merit are concluded to be highly representative metrics for the capabilities of piezoelectrics in power conversion, and these capabilities are shown to have favorable scaling properties for converter miniaturization.
Health Disparities Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Nonbinary Adults 50 Years Old and Older in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine health disparities among LGBT and nonbinary adult subgroups of those 50 years old and older. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data f...
Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic cluster and hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease within a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients.

Background Neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but these associations are rarely studied across large, diverse populations. Methods We used Ward's Hierarchical clustering to define eight neighborhood clusters across North Carolina (NC) using 11 census-based indicators of SES, race, housing, and urbanicity and assigned 6992 cardiac catheterization patients at Duke University Hospital from 2001-2010 to clusters. We examined associations between clusters and coronary artery disease index > 23 (CAD), history of myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and diabetes using logistic regression adjusted for age, race, sex, body mass index, region of NC, distance to Duke University Hospital, and smoking status. Results Four clusters were urban, three rural, and one suburban higher-middle-SES (referent). We observed greater odds of MI in all six clusters with lower or middle-SES. Odds of CAD were elevated in the rural cluster that was low-SES and plurality Black (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.94-1.43) and in the rural cluster that was majority American Indian (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.91-1.90). Odds of diabetes and hypertension were elevated in two urban and one rural low- and lower-middle SES clusters with large Black populations. Conclusions We observed higher prevalence of CVD and diabetes in neighborhoods that were predominantly rural, low-SES, and non-White, highlighting the importance of public health and healthcare system outreach into these communities to promote cardiometabolic health and prevent and manage hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Christ the Key

Preface 1. Human nature 2. Grace (part one) 3. Grace (part two) 4. Trinitarian life 5. Politics 6. Death and sacrifice 7. Workings of the Spirit.
Nonlinear Young Integrals via Fractional Calculus

For Holder continuous functions W(t, x) and \(\varphi _t\), we define nonlinear integral \(\int _a^b W(dt, \varphi _t)\) via fractional calculus. This nonlinear integral arises naturally in the Feynman-Kac formula for stochastic heat equations with random coefficients (Hu and Le, Nonlinear Young integrals and differential systems in Holder media. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. (in press)). We also define iterated nonlinear integrals.
No Such Thing as Race: Exploring the Past and Future of Affirmative Action after Schuette

On the surface, Schuette v. Coalition for Affirmative Action leaves the constitutional law of affirmative action undisturbed. Michigan had amended its state constitution to prevent the use of racial preferences by any university system or school district. Rejecting a fourteenth-amendment challenge, the Court upheld Michigan’s law. The Schuette plurality went to considerable lengths to explain that Schuette in no way touched on the constitutionality or merits of race-based admissions. Just the same, understood in historical context, the Schuette majority lays bare profound new dangers confronting proponents of affirmative action. In addition to praising colorblindness, the Court cast doubt on the very definition of race. This Article historicizes Schuette, revealing it to be a turning point in the law and politics of affirmative action. In the past, activists consistently used race to describe the color of one’s skin, but before Schuette, the meaning of race itself had not played a central part in challenges to the constitutional legitimacy of affirmative action. As Schuette shows, anti-affirmative action amici and activists have developed a new argument: a claim that if race is a social construct, race-conscious remedies are arbitrary, unfair, and likely to reinforce existing stereotypes. As the new anti-affirmative action activism makes plain, the question is how courts can address racial discrimination when racial identities themselves are fluid and complex. The Article looks to employment discrimination law — and to “regarded as” liability — as a framework for judges seeking to address the reality of race discrimination without reifying racial categories. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Americans with Disability Act Amendments Act of 2009 (ADAAA), a worker may in certain cases seek relief when she is regarded as disabled — regardless of whether she actually belongs to a protected class. The Article argues that regarded-as reasoning has considerable potential in the context of postsecondary admissions. In complying with existing fourteenth-amendment jurisprudence, admissions officers already rely on proxies for applicants’ race. Doing so checks self-serving behavior and better captures the fluidity of race in modern America.
Orbital remote sensing: Space technology applications in South-east Asia

The evolution of remote sensing techniques in the developing countries of southeast Asia is reviewed. The use of the images for monitoring soil, water, and vegetation resources, in order to develop a national policy for conservation of the resources, is described. The remote sensing data are helpful in observing deforestation in southeast Asia; however, excessive cloud coverage does not allow accurate evaluation of the rice crop. The effects of the capabilities of the developing countries to process the data and remote sensing program of industrial countries on the future application of satellite imagery in developing countries are studied. The need for improved data banking and dissemination of the imagery is analyzed. Agreements on proprietary rights due to the improved ground resolution of orbital sensors are required. The designing of remote sensing equipment to meet the requirements of its users is discussed.
Complement inhibitor(s) released from leukocytes. II. Evidence that lymphocytes release and produce an inhibitor of C2 activation.

Abstract We have previously reported that mouse spleen and thymus cells in short term culture release an hitherto undescribed complement inhibitor that prevents the activation of C2. Here it is shown that the inhibitor is released by B lymphocytes and may be produced by lymphocytes. Release of the inhibitor takes place at 37 °C and in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, but not at 4 °C. Thus the release of the inhibitor could be related to the shedding of structures located on the lymphocyte membrane.
Identification of ESE1 SAR-domain interacting proteins that mediate a novel cytoplasmic transformation mechanism

1744 Cellular transformation arises from various aberrant molecular mechanisms, including oncogene over-expression or loss of tumor suppressor genes. Transcription factors, such as Ets family members, often regulate oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Ets family transcription factors are key molecular effectors of the Ras/MAPK-signaling pathway. Thus, they have been shown to play key roles in a variety of cancers. Abnormal expression of several Ets factors, including epithelial specific ets factor 1 (ESE1), is highly associated with breast cancer. We have shown that stable cytoplasmic expression of a highly acidic 50 amino acid domain of ESE1, referred to as the serine and aspartic rich (SAR) domain is necessary and sufficient for MCF12-A human mammary cell transformation. The MCF-12A cell-line is immortalized but not fully transformed and does not express ESE1 endogenously. A transformed mammary cell phenotype arising from cytoplasmic expression of the SAR domain challenges conventional cancer paradigms. The overall hypothesis of this project is that the SAR domain of ESE1 acts by binding to specific cytoplasmic regulatory proteins that eventually govern the transformed mammary cell phenotype. I have used a yeast two-hybrid approach, whereby a Gal4 DNA binding domain (DBD)-SAR fusion bait protein was used to screen a human fetal brain library. The results from the yeast two-hybrid screening yielded three SBP candidates: Rho GDI, Na/K ATPase, and breast cancer associated protein 3 (BCA3)/A-kinase interacting protein (AKIP). I will use co-IP and tandem affinity purification (TAP) assays to confirm the yeast two-hybrid results. The functional relevance of the identified SBPs in mammary cell transformation will be tested in loss and gain of function experiments using anchorage independent soft agar colony formation assays.
Is asymmetric watermarking necessary or sufficient

In public watermarking applications, the public must have the ability to detect watermarks, but must not have the ability to remove them. It has been proposed that such systems might be made secure by using asymmetric key watermarking, in which the embedder and detector use different keys.
Time and No Lotteries: An Axiomatization of Maxmin Expected Utility

This paper axiomatizes an intertemporal version of the maxmin expected-utility model. It employs two axioms specific to a dynamic setting. The first requires that smoothing consumption across states of the world is more beneficial to the individual than smoothing consumption across time. Such behavior is viewed as the intertemporal manifestation of ambiguity aversion. The second axiom extends Koopmans' notion of stationarity from deterministic to stochastic environments.
Population Graphs: the graph theoretic shape of genetic structure

Patterns of intraspecific genetic variation result from interactions among both historical and contemporary evolutionary processes. Traditionally, population geneticists have used methods such as F-statistics, pairwise isolation by distance models, spatial autocorrelation and coalescent models to analyse this variation and to gain insight about causal evolutionary processes. Here we introduce a novel approach (Population Graphs) that focuses on the analysis of marker-based population genetic data within a graph theoretic framework. This method can be used to estimate traditional population genetic summary statistics, but its primary focus is on characterizing the complex topology resulting from historical and contemporary genetic interactions among populations. We introduce the application of Population Graphs by examining the range-wide population genetic structure of a Sonoran Desert cactus (Lophocereus schottii). With this data set, we evaluate hypotheses regarding historical vicariance, isolation by distance, population-level assignment and the importance of specific populations to species-wide genetic connectivity. We close by discussing the applicability of Population Graphs for addressing a wide range of population genetic and phylogeographical problems.
Connecting the chemical composition of a material to its combustion characteristics

Abstract The chemistry in the surface region during combustion of a solid is extraordinarily difficult to determine. Understanding is important because molecules of the parent material break up in this zone to form the initial reactants for the flame. Hence, the surface reaction zone ties the composition of the material to the flame chemistry. The validity of using fast thermolysis of a thin film of the material to simulate the surface reaction zone is assessed. Sub-global chemical details are extracted by the use of rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Such microscale laboratory simulations help establish molecular structure details of nitramines that influence the formation of near-surface flame reactants like NO 2 , HONO, CH 2 O and N 2 O. The effects of pressure and temperature on the surface reaction zone can be probed experimentally. Other infrared spectral methods designed to probe the condensed phase and gas phase are discussed.
Improving the Enzyme Catalytic Efficiency Using Ionic Liquids with Kosmotropic Anions

The kosmotropicity of cations and anions in ionic liquids has a strong influence on the enzyme catalytic efficiency in aqueous environments. The kosmotropic anion CF3COO− seemed to activate the protease, and the chaotropic anions tended to destabilize the enzyme.
Geographical Trends in Weight and Condition Index of Surfclams (Spisula solidissima) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

ABSTRACT A survey of surfclam (Spisula solidissima) stocks was conducted in an area from northern New Jersey to southern Virginia during June and July 2004 to evaluate the progress of mortality, apparently related to warming of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. One component of the survey was the measurement of condition index at 146 locations from the Delmarva Peninsula to northern New Jersey. The program followed a pilot study in 2002 that suggested that surfclam mortality off Delmarva was likely caused by warmer temperatures that decreased feeding and subsequently led to starvation. Condition index was highest inshore, with the exception of a few of the most inshore stations, and lowest at the offshore edge of the clam's range. An estimate of meat weight for a standard 120-mm clam, from site-specific length—weight regressions, revealed that the animals near the center of the inshore— offshore distribution had a greater weight per length than those living at the edges of the clam's range, probably a result of the...
Search for oscillation of the electron-capture decay probability of 142Pm

We have searched for time modulation of the electron capture decay probability of 142Pm in an attempt to confirm a recent claim from a group at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI). We produced 142Pm via the 124Sn(23Na, 5n)142Pm reaction at the Berkeley 88-Inch Cyclotron with a bombardment time short compared to the reported modulation period. Isotope selection by the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator is followed by implantation and a long period of monitoring the 142Nd K alpha x-rays from the daughter. The decay time spectrum of the x-rays is well-described by a simple exponential and the measured half-life of 40.68(53) seconds is consistent with the accepted value. We observed no oscillatory modulation at the proposed frequency at a level 31 times smaller than that reported by Litvinov (Phys. Lett. B 664 (2008) 162). A literature search for previous experiments that might have been sensitive to the reported modulation uncovered another example in 142Eu electron-capture decay. A reanalysis of the published data shows no oscillatory behavior.
Dissociation transition of a composite lattice of magnetic vortices in the flux-flow regime of two-band superconductors.

In multiband superconductors, each superconducting condensate supports vortices with fractional quantum flux. In the ground state, vortices in different bands are spatially bounded together to form a composite vortex, carrying one quantum flux ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$. Here we predict dissociation of the composite vortices lattice in the flux flow state due to the disparity of the vortex viscosity and flux of the vortex in different bands. For a small driving current, composite vortices start to deform, but the constituting vortices in different bands move with the same velocity. For a large current, composite vortices dissociate and vortices in different bands move with different velocities. The dissociation transition shows up as an increase of flux flow resistivity. In the dissociated phase, Shapiro steps are developed when an ac current is superimposed with a dc current.
Dynamical Breaking of Supersymmetry

General conditions for dynamical supersymmetry breaking are discussed. Very small effects that would usually be ignored, such as instantons of a grand unified theory, might break supersymmetry at a low energy scale. Examples are given (in 0 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions) in which dynamical supersymmetry breaking occurs. Difficulties that confront such a program in four dimensions are described.
Liquid–gas phase transition in nuclear matter

Every self-bound Fermi liquid will exhibit a liquid–gas phase equilibrium at low temperatures, because the pressure is positive at low densities due to the kinetic energy of degeneracy, and falls to zero again at the equilibrium density. Nuclear matter is seldom found under conditions of two-phase equilibrium, however: in usual nuclear reactions, a heated (‘compound’) nucleus is produced out of equilibrium with its surroundings, which are at a much lower temperature. The most familiar example of a two-phase equilibrium occurs in the crust of neutron stars inside the neutron-drip line1, at temperatures of less than an MeV. In supernovas, in the crucial moments when the implosion is reversed to an explosion, densities comparable to those of neutron stars may be attained with associated temperatures of 5 to 10 MeV. An accurate knowledge of the properties of nuclear matter under these conditions is essential to the understanding of supernova dynamics2. This communication shows how laboratory observations with the latest generation of nuclear accelerators can be used to infer the surface tension of the liquid–gas interface in nuclear matter–an essential ingredient of the equation of state for which a reliable theoretical model is not available.
Modeling and evaluating proliferation resistance of nuclear energy systems for strategy switching proliferation

Abstract This paper reports a Markov model based approach to systematically evaluating the proliferation resistance (PR) of nuclear energy systems (NESs). The focus of the study is on the development of the Markov models for a class of complex PR scenarios, i.e., mixed covert/overt strategy switching proliferation, for NESs with two modes of material flow, batch and continuous. In particular, a set of diversion and/or breakout scenarios and covert/overt misuse scenarios are studied in detail for an Example Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) system. Both probabilistic and deterministic PR measures are calculated using a software tool that implements the proposed approach and can be used to quantitatively compare proliferation resistant characteristics of different scenarios for a given NES, according to the computed PR measures.
Protein‐Based Nanomedicine Platforms for Drug Delivery

Protein-based nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery comprise naturally self-assembled protein subunits of the same protein or a combination of proteins making up a complete system. They are ideal for drug-delivery platforms due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability coupled with low toxicity. A variety of proteins have been used and characterized for drug-delivery systems, including the ferritin/apoferritin protein cage, plant-derived viral capsids, the small Heat shock protein (sHsp) cage, albumin, soy and whey protein, collagen, and gelatin. There are many different types and shapes that have been prepared to deliver drug molecules using protein-based platforms, including various protein cages, microspheres, nanoparticles, hydrogels, films, minirods, and minipellets. The protein cage is the most newly developed biomaterial for drug delivery and therapeutic applications. The uniform size, multifunctionality, and biodegradability push it to the frontier of drug delivery. In this Review, the recent strategic development of drug delivery is discussed with emphasis on polymer-based, especially protein-based, nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed for each type of protein-based drug-delivery system.
Development of L2 Intraword Orthographic Sensitivity and Decoding Skills.

This study examines orthographic sensitivity among adult second language (L2) learners with diverse first language (L1) backgrounds. The specific purposes are three-fold: (a) to determine whether there are differences among adult learners of English as a second language (ESL) with alphabetic and non-alphabetic L1 backgrounds in their intraword structural sensitivity, (b) to explore specific ways in which such sensitivity differs among L1 and L2 readers of English, and (c) to examine the extent to which the sensitivity affects decoding performance among ESL participants. The findings suggest that (a) L1 alphabetic experience promotes L2 intraword structural sensitivity; (b) ESL learners, regardless of their L1 backgrounds, are strongly inclined to use visual familiarity as a primary cue during orthographic processing; (c) the ability to detect orthographic constraint violations separates L2 from L1 readers; and (d) qualitative differences in L1 processing experience are directly associated with procedural variations in L2 decoding, but such variations do not always result in quantitative differences in decoding performance.
Chronic nicotine induces a specific appetite for sucrose in rats.

Abstract Thirty female albino rats were implanted with subcutaneous pellets releasing nicotine or amphetamine in order to study the effects of chronic pharmacological treatment on food intake and body weight. The pellets were removed after tolerance (a decrease in anorectic properties of the drugs) had developed. Nicotine administration produced a specific appetite for sucrose both during and following treatment ( p
Tables of SnNk1k2 and skn for γ-ray perturbed angular correlations with quadrupole interactions☆

Abstract Geometrical coefficients for the interpretation of γ-ray perturbed angular correlations with quadrupole interactions are presented for nuclear spins I ≤ 20. The coefficients SnNk1k2 for singlecrystal sources with k1, k2 = 2, 4 and N = 1, 2, 3, 4, and the coefficients skn for polycrystalline sources with k = 1, 2, 3, 4 are tabulated. This work extends previous tables to the higher values of the nuclear spin that are frequently encountered in accelerator experiments that populate high-spin isomeric levels.
Long-term efficacy and safety of tolmetin sodium in treatment of geriatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a retrospective study.

: In order to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tolmetin sodium in the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis in geriatric patients, a retrospective study was made of patients 65 years and older who participated in long-term, controlled, double-blind and open trials during both the investigational period and since marketing of the drug. Standard entrance criteria, methods of evaluating disease activity, and statistical methods were used in the study of both arthritic diseases. A total of 847 geriatric patients were studied for periods of up to one year; 171 had RA, while 676 had osteoarthritis of large or small joints. Average daily dose of tolmetin sodium was 1141 mg for patients with RA and 953 mg for patients with osteoarthritis. The results of this retrospective study of both RA and osteoarthritis patients show that tolmetin was as effective in geriatric patients as in nongeriatric patients. Symptoms responded rapidly to treatment with tolmetin, and both the inflammatory symptoms of RA and the joint pain and functional parameters of osteoarthritis showed improvement that was both statistically and clinically significant throughout the major course of therapy. Tolmetin was also found to be safe and well tolerated by the elderly patient population. The major complaints were gastrointestinal, but serious or limiting side effects occurred in few patients. The dropout rates due to adverse effects during the entire year of therapy were 15.8 per cent in the RA population and 15.4 per cent in osteoarthritis patients. This retrospective evaluation of tolmetin therapy shows significant relief of the symptoms of both RA and osteoarthritis in a geriatric population and fails to reveal any unusual or serious conditions which would contraindicate its use in the elderly patient. Tolmetin, which is an antiinflammatory agent with a short half-life, can provide adequate, safe therapy in the geriatric population.
Relationships between Locus of Control, Health Value, and Preventive Health Behaviors among Women

Abstract This study examines the relationships between locus of control expectancies, rated health value, and reported participation in preventive health behaviors among a healthy sample of undergraduate women. The prediction that participation in preventive health behaviors would be a joint function of an internal health-related locus of control belief and holding health in high value was not supported. Instead, individuals who valued their health reported participating in a greater number of health-enhancing behaviors compared to those who valued their health less. Respondents' scores on a health value scale in combination with their rated health status proved to be better predictors of health behaviors than their locus of control beliefs. Limitations of locus of control research with young, healthy individuals are discussed and further investigation into the utility and validity of health value scales is recommended.
The twenty-four-hour seminal hydration response in goldfish (Carassius auratus). I. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and osmolality of serum and seminal fluid.

Abstract 1. 1. Spermiation was induced in goldfish by an intraperitoneal injection of carp pituitary extract. The composition of the serum and seminal fluid was studied 24 hr after the injection. 2. 2. The semen volume was greater and the water percentage of the testes was 7·1±0·6(S.E.) higher in the extract-injected fish than in the controls. 3. 3. The osmolality and Na, K, Cl, Mg and Ca levels in the seminal fluid did not change in spermiation, and the seminal fluid was isosmotic to the serum. 4. 4. An increase in Na and K in the whole testes was greater than that accounted for by the addition to the seminal fluid. 5. 5. Serum Na increased 3·4±1·2 m-equiv./1; serum K decreased 0·48 ± 0·19 m-equiv./1; total serum protein decreased 0·56±0·12 g/100 ml. Theosmalality and Cl, Mg and Ca level in serum did not change.
Near separability of optimal multiple description source codes

In this paper, we first present new upper and lower bounds for the rate loss of multiple description source codes (MDSCs). For a two-description MDSC (2DSC), the rate loss of description i with distortion Di is Li = Ri $R(Di ), i isin {1, 2}, where Ri is the rate of the ith description; the joint rate loss associated with decoding the two descriptions together to achieve central distortion D0 is L 0 = R1 + R2 - R(D0). We show that given any memoryless source with variance sigma2 and mean squared error distortion measure, for any optimal 2DSC, (a) 0 les L0 les 0.8802 if D0 les D1 + D2 - sigma2; (b) 0 les L1, L2 les 0.4401 if D0 ges (1/D1 + 1/D2 - 1/sigma2)-1; (c) 0 les L1, L2 les 0.3802 and R(max{D1, D2}) - 1 les L0 les R(max{D1, D2}) + 0.3802 otherwise. We also present a tighter bound on the distance between the El Gamal-Cover inner bound and the achievable region. In addition, these new bounds, which are easy to compute, inspire new designs of low-complexity near-optimal 2DSC. In essence, we demonstrate that any optimal 2DSC can be nearly separated into a multi-resolution source code and a traditional single-resolution code, and the resulting rate penalty for each description is less than 0.6901 bit/sample for general sources and less than 0.5 bit/sample for successively refinable sources
ON A CLASS OF NONSTATIONARY PROCESSES

. In this paper a class of nonstationary processes, referred to as multiplicative stationary processes, is investigated. It is shown that although these processes are not stationary with regard to an additive binary operation, i.e. in the classical sense, they are stationary with respect to a multiplicative binary operation. This property is then exploited in such a way as to guarantee essentially the same structure as is available for stationary processes. In particular, suitable definitions for the autocorrelation, power spectrum and linear processes are given. In addition, the Euler process is introduced as the nonstationary or multiplicative stationary dual of the classical autoregressive processes. Some ergodic theorems are also obtained and numerous examples are given.
Preventing the Application of Stereotypic Biases in the Courtroom: The Role of Detailed Testimony1

To determine whether detailed testimony has equivalent effects on judgments of stereotyped and nonstereotyped defendants, subjects read a synopsis of a criminal court case in which the defendant either was a stereotyped offender or was not. Additionally, the degree of detail in the prosecution testimony and defense testimony was varied. Results indicated that defendant stereotypicality had a greater impact under conditions in which witnesses provided equal amounts of detail in their testimony. When witnesses differed in the degree of detail in their testimony, the stereotypicality of the defendant was disregarded and judgments favored the witness who provided greater detail. These findings suggest that stereotype application is not inevitable; rather, stereotypes may bias jurors' decision-making processes when the quality and quantity of the evidence does not easily lead to a confident judgment.
Medicine and money: the ethical transformation of medical practice.

Objective To explore the generalised application of a discourse of cost reduction in the practice of medicine in the USA. Context Changes in the health services industry over the last 20 years have left much concern in the hearts and minds of many, providers and patients alike. Even for the millions of Americans who are able to purchase health insurance, the standard of care has changed. In some ways, the current managed-care climate has created an atmosphere of distrust between patients and their providers, and, more significantly, a general sense of dissatisfaction with the state of health care in the USA. In the midst of this discontent, health providers have begun to question their own roles in what is increasingly a for-profit health care system. Not surprisingly, medical educators now question whether the current health system is creating a new generation of doctors who are concerned with reducing costs without adequate review of clinical data. Methods This paper examines the rationale applied in the management of a patient with end-stage liver disease in a teaching hospital. The case is re-socialised by situating it in an ethical discourse linked to the function of the for-profit health system. Results The decision about whether to give human albumin to an insured patient serves as a lens through which to examine how uncritical appeals to the discourse of ‘cost-effectiveness’ can supersede a patient- and data-oriented approach to medical decision making. Conclusions This case illustrates the permeation of economic considerations into the core values of medicine, highlighting a detrimental ethical shift occurring in the field. The training of new doctors represents a site from which to resist this unwelcome transformation.
Crystal field surface orbital-bond energy bond order (CFSO-BEBO) calculations for surface reactions: I. The reactions CO + O2, NO + CO and H2 + O2 on a platinum (111) surface

Abstract The crystal field surface orbital-bond energy bond order (CFSO-BEBO) model of chemisorption has been extended in order to make predictions of activation energies of surface reactions. The reactions of O 2 with CO, NO with CO, and H 2 with O 2 on a Pt (111) surface are considered. The model allows a choice to be made between the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Rideal-Eley mechanisms of surface reactions based on calculated activation energies. For each of the three reactions investigated the Rideal-Eley mechanism has the lowest activation energy. The H 2 and O 2 reaction is predicted to have zero activation energy, and the O 2 and CO reaction is predicted to have an activation energy of 16 kcal/mole. The reaction of NO and CO is predicted to proceed in the following way: The NO dissociates on the Pt surface with an activation energy of 12 kcal/mole, and the adsorbed O atom reacts with a gas phase CO molecule with an activation energy of 16 kcal/mole. The direct interaction of a gas phase CO molecule with an adsorbed NO molecule is predicted to have an activation energy of 37 kcal/mole, and this mechanism can thus be ruled out. Favorable comparisons are made between the model predictions and available experimental data.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer: Do Physicians Agree About the Importance of Patient Age and Comorbidity?

Purpose We surveyed cancer physicians to understand how patients' age and comorbidity influence adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations and whether physician or practice characteristics also affect these recommendations. Methods National survey of surgeons and medical oncologists caring for patients with colorectal cancer regarding whether they would recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for hypothetical patients with stage III colon cancer who varied by age (55 v 80 years) and comorbid illness (none, moderate, severe congestive heart failure [CHF]). Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess the influence of patient, physician, and practice characteristics on chemotherapy recommendations. Results Of 1,096 physicians, nearly all recommended chemotherapy for patients who were 55 years old with no comorbidity (99.0%), 55-years old with moderate CHF (88.6%), or 80 years old with no comorbidity (92.6%); many fewer recommended chemotherapy for 55-year-old patients with severe CHF (24.9%) or 80-year-old p...
HLA and epidermolysis bullosa. Association between the HLA complex and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Background and Design.— Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by marked skin fragility and blister formation following minor mechanical trauma. The patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) are the most severely affected with marked internal and external blistering, scarring, and death at an early age, secondary to malnutrition, septicemia, and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. An association between RDEB and HLA antigens was explored in 28 patients with RDEB and their family members. Results.— Our data demonstrate that susceptibility to develop RDEB may be associated with the HLA complex. The gene frequencies of DR4 and DQw3 were much higher in the patients than expected. These increases were likely due to statistically significant excess of DR4 and DQw3 homozygotes in the patients. In addition, the observed frequencies of two HLA haplotypes: Bw62, DR4, DQw3 and Bw60, DR4, DQw3 were significantly higher than expected. Conclusion.— If these observations are confirmed in the larger series of patients, the association between RDEB and HLA complex may have clinical utility in genetic counseling of siblings of child-bearing age who are at risk of being carriers of RDEB. ( Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:1524-1527)
The science of sex research: Some methodological considerations.

This paper represents a review of substantive theoretical, methodological, and statistical issues relevant to conducting research on human sexual behavior. Guidelines for maintaining rigor and precision in future investigations are also proposed. So as to be able to address issues that pervade all research on human sexual behavior, six topic areas are discussed: theory-related issues, issues involving research design, issues involving subject selection, measurement issues, data-analytic issues, and issues concerned with human-subject protection. The ultimate objective of this paper is to make suggestions aimed at improving the quality of research on human sexual behavior.
The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: foundation of US nutrition policy

Summary The Dietary Guidelines for Americans form the foundation of US federal nutrition policy. The Food Guide Pyramid, the most widely distributed and best-recognised nutrition education tool ever produced in the US, is based partially on the Dietary Guidelines. In addition, every federal nutrition programme in the United States uses the Dietary Guidelines as part of their nutrition standards. Federal law requires that the guidelines be reviewed every five years. The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee was charged with answering the question, ‘what should Americans eat to be healthy?’ After rigorously reviewing the scientific, peer-reviewed literature the committee recommended a new set of guidelines for the year 2000. The guidelines are intended for healthy children (ages 2 years and older) and generally healthy adults of any age. The guidelines were expanded from seven in 1995 to ten in 2000. The 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are; (1) aim for a healthy weight; (2) be physically active each day; (3) let the pyramid guide your food choices; (4) eat a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains; (5) eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily; (6) keep foods safe to eat; (7) choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat; (8) choose beverages and foods that moderate your intake of sugars; (9) choose and prepare foods with less salt; and (10) if you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.
Role of Hydrophobic Interactions in Binding S-(N-Aryl/Alkyl-N-hydroxy- carbamoyl)glutathiones to the Active Site of the Antitumor Target Enzyme Glyoxalase I

Hydrophobic interactions play an important role in binding S-(N-aryl/alkyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathiones to the active sites of human, yeast, and Pseudomonas putida glyoxalase I, as the log Ki values for these mechanism-based competitive inhibitors decrease linearly with increasing values of the hydrophobicity constants (π) of the N-aryl/alkyl substituents. Hydrophobic interactions also help to optimize polar interactions between the enzyme and the glutathione derivatives, given that the Ki value for S-(N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione (π = 0) with the human enzyme is 35-fold larger than the interpolated value for this compound obtained from the log Ki versus π plot. Computational studies, in combination with published X-ray crystallographic measurements, indicate that human glyoxalase I binds the syn-conformer of S-(N-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathiones in which the N-aryl substituents are in their lowest-energy conformations. These studies provide both an experimental and a conceptual framework for dev...