cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Interplay Between Investor Activity on Virtual Investment Community and the Trading Dynamics: Evidence From the Bitcoin Market

Virtual investment community has become an important information source for investors. This study contributes to the related literature by investigating the endogenous interplay between investor activity on the virtual investment community and the market trading dynamics using a vector autoregressive framework to analyze an hourly dataset collected from the Bitcoin market. The main results suggest that the sentiment and the posting frequency of virtual investment community messages are largely driven by the past market outcomes, but they provide limited value-relevant information for future price prediction. It is also demonstrated that when investors express conflicting opinions, or when their discussions exhibit a lack of diversity, their incentive to trade decreases, resulting in low trading volume. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Utility of FDG PET/CT in identifying the underlying cause of FUO in an inpatient population, a 10-year experience

548 Objectives The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the diagnostic utility of FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of inpatients with a recent history of referring-physician-identified fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods The Johns Hopkins inpatient PET/CT report database was queried using “fever of unknown origin” and “FUO” as the search terms and including scans from 2003 to 2012 in this IRB-approved analysis. A total of 151 patients were identified who had these search terms and underwent FDG PET/CT to help identify the underlying cause of fever. Seven patients were excluded due to insufficient follow-up data, leaving 144 evaluable patients (49.3% male and median age of 54 years). PET results were considered positive if increased FDG uptake suggested a cause of the FUO. Each scan impression was assessed on a 5-point scale: 1 - no FUO cause identified, 2 - FUO cause not likely identified, 3 - equivocal identification of FUO cause, 4 - FUO cause probably identified, 5 - FUO cause definitely identified. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were applied to determine whether an equivocal score should be classified as positive or negative. Results Based on ROC analysis, a PET/CT score of 3 was used as the positive cutoff (i.e. a score of 蠅 3 was considered positive). Of the 144 evaluable cases, 96 were positive on PET/CT (score of 3, 4, or 5) for an underlying etiology and 48 were negative (score of 1 or 2). An underlying malignancy was found in 62 cases (27 lymphoma, 12 lung, 23 other). The remaining positive findings were 34 infection / inflammation cases. Based on review of subsequent clinical findings, PET/CT was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 92.9% and 71.2%, respectively. Conclusions FDG PET/CT imaging has high diagnostic accuracy (ROC AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96]) in the evaluation of fever of unknown origin in this complex inpatient population.
Emergent technologies, divergent frames: differences in regulator vs. developer views on innovation

Technology innovation is inherently uncertain. The risk–benefit divide for such innovation is a classical debate within scholarly literature and is often framed on a monetary scale where innovation approval is granted if benefit outweighs risk. However, such discussion leaves out a critical yet subjective vein of discussion within the innovation evaluation process — stakeholder context. Specifically, regulators and technology developers are often described as having respective motivations that are often at odds with one another. In theory, efforts towards balancing risk and benefit for technology evaluation should be driven by relatively efficient, inexpensive, robust methods, and processes. In practice, however, technology evaluation is often expensive, slow, and often of questionable quality for new and emerging technologies. Literature often frames the innovation-regulation tradeoff as a zero-sum game driven by regulators and developers that are inherently at odds with one another. However, we argue that such a relationship is actually worse than zero-sum and is a classic framing problem as described by Kahneman and Tversky. Specifically, the divergent frames adopted by regulators and technology developers, respectively, can drastically affect their perception of risk and tolerance for further development and commercialization of a given technology. There are known and natural solutions to such problems that can smooth the path towards realizing the societal potential of emerging technologies.
Resolvent Integration Methods in Transport Theory

We present a general review of constructive methods in transport theory, with an example from one-speed neutron transport. The classical methods, based on Fourier transforms of an integral equation with a Toeplitz kernel (Wiener-Hopf technique) have today been supplanted, more or less, by eigenfunction expansions. Although abstract techniques, involving the Von Neumann spectral theory for bounded normal operators, are sometimes used, we primarily discuss the construction of the eigenfunction expansion by resolvent integration techniques, introduced originally by Larsen. Also discussed is the “double resolvent” technique, useful in applications for which the inverse of the (unbounded) transport operator is also unbounded.
Properties of Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase in Nucleotide-Permeable Cells

Abstract Ribonucleoside diphosphate (RDP) reductase activity can be readily assayed in ether-treated Escherichia coli cells. The rate of cytidine 5′-diphosphate (CDP) reduction observed in ether-treated cells by using saturating substrate concentrations is about 25% of the rate of de novo deoxyribonucleotide synthesis required to account for in vivo deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Optimal activity is observed in the presence of magnesium ions and a positive effector. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), deoxy ATP (dATP), and deoxythimidine triphosphate serve as positive effectors, and dATP also serves as a negative effector. These effects on the activity in ether-treated cells resemble those observed in vitro with highly purified enzyme. When the RDP reductase activity in these cells is assayed by using high specific activity 3H-CDP as substrate, even at nonsaturating substrate concentrations, the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to make it useful for the assay of the low levels of reductase activity in cells not derepressed by thymine starvation or in cells containing mutationally altered RDP reductase. This assay is much easier to perform than the usual in vitro assay, since thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and enzyme subunits B1 or B2 need not be first purified and added to the reaction mixtures.
Japan′s Quest for Global Leadership in IT

Over the past three decades, the Japanese information technology industry has been questing for global leadership. With the help of keiretsu, a special social organization, and government agencies, those giant information technology companies such as NEC, Fujitsu, etc. have become the leaders in dynamic random access memory chips (DRAM), disk storage devices, video display, fuzzy logic and neural networks. Proposes some strategies to counter the actions taken by the Japanese firms.
Ordering and Displacive Transformations in Ni-Al Alloys

Ni-Al alloys are promising candidates for new high-performance materials due to their outstanding physical properties. Moreover, this alloy system exhibits phenomena that are very interesting for theoretical study. In particular, both replacive and displacive transformations occur, and in a narrow range of composition, both processes can take place consecutively. Ni- rich alloys, with a high-temperature B2 phase, undergo a martensitic transformation in a narrow range of composition in which at low temperature, an ordered phase of Pt5 Ga3-type exists[l]. In this paper the driving force for this ordered phase will be examined in detail by using a method based on electronic structure calculations within the local density approximation.
Changing cultural developments along a tourist route in Bali.

One of the most important routes for cultural tourism in Bali connects the seaside tourist town of Sanur to the provincial capital city of Denpasar, continues through the Sukawati Art Market, skirts the village of Mas, site of many studios and workshops, and culminates in Ubud, the historic artistic center of Bali. The city of Ubud is the epicenter of a renowned tradition of painting but it is also a community staggering under the influx of tourists arriving via this route. The roadway from Sanur to Ubud illustrates a range of different types of arts-based heritage tourism, from mass produced art for beachside tourists in Sanur to several high-end galleries in Ubud. This trajectory of towns and their varied relationships with the arts and tourism illustrate the potentials and pitfalls of arts tourism as a means of development, and this roadway highlights the challenges of crafting sustainable routes for tourists interested in the arts.
Alkaloids toxic to livestock.

Abstract Plant poisonings are a major problem for livestock producers. The majority of these episodes are due to alkaloid constituents, encompassing numerous plant species. Reviews of the problem have traditionally been organized on the basis of plant families and genera, and less frequently by the animal species and/or organs affected. This review is organized on the basis of the structural classes of alkaloids responsible, emphasizing the actual toxin and mechanism of action, and correlating similar mechanisms of toxicity across disparate plant species, together with structure–activity relationships. Although livestock poisonings by alkaloids are worldwide in nature, this chapter focuses on situations within North America, but covers analogous poisonings in other parts of the world when the same class of alkaloid and plant family is involved. Disease states include acute and chronic poisonings, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, reproductive problems, and failure to thrive. The potential biomedical applications of some of the alkaloids are discussed. Specific classes dealt with are pyrrolidine, piperidine, bipiperidine, pyridine, polyhydroxy indolizidine, quinolizidine, tropane, pyrrolizidine, isoquinoline, diterpene, and steroidal alkaloids.
Activated T Cells Acquire Endothelial Cell Surface Determinants During Transendothelial Migration

Activated T cells acquire endothelial cell (EC) plasma membrane constituents during transendothelial migration. This was assessed using an in vitro model system in which human peripheral blood CD4 + T cells migrated through confluent monolayers of HUVEC. Flow cytometry of migrated CD4 + T cells demonstrated that activated, but not resting, T cells acquired a variety of endothelial surface determinants, including CD31, CD49d, CD54, CD61, and CD62E. The extracellular domains of these molecules were detected on migrated T cells with mAbs, including those directed to the ligand-binding regions. A number of approaches were employed to document that the acquisition of these molecules was uniquely accomplished by activated T cells and clearly involved transfer from both resting and TNF-α-activated EC. Acquisition of endothelial markers by activated T cells occurred as part of the transfer of membrane components, as migrating T cells acquired EC membranes prelabeled with the lipophilic dye, 3,3′-dihexadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiOC-16), along with EC surface proteins. Thus, during transendothelial migration, activated T cells acquire endothelial membrane components, and as a result may deliver them to perivascular sites.
Steam Vaporizer Injuries

There were an estimated 656 cases of vaporizer-related injuries seen in hospital emergency departments in 1979. Two cases of burns with respiratory involvement are described. Both children were directly exposed to steam from commercial vaporizers and suffered cutaneous and respiratory burns. These cases emphasize the hazards of steam vaporizers, devices that have no proven therapeutic benefits.
Complexes of Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxyl Radical with Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, and Acetone

Likewise, for the organic molecules studied, the strength of binding energies is consistently acetone > acetaldehyde > formaldehyde. Vibrational frequencies are also calculated and some relationships between these and binding energies and geometries are discussed. These data may be useful when laboratory data is present for these complexes. Equilibrium constants for the formation of these complexes are also calculated. As a result of this, it is predicted that the strongest of these complexes, the hydroperoxyl radical -acetone complex, will exist in the atmosphere under certain conditions.
The Future of Propagation Research and Development

It is predicted that the future of propagation research and development will involve: 1) world-wide radio communication via satellites, 2) greatly increased interest in the magnetosphere and the solar atmosphere, 3) greatly increased interest in the atmospheres and surfaces of planets, 4) a far wider interpretation of the notion of radio frequency, both at the lower and the upper ends of the spectrum, 5) extensive use of new methods for investigating the top side of the ionosphere by both reflection and scattering techniques, 6) the discovery of new phenomena by the use of large antennas, high-power transmitters and low-noise receivers, and, 7) greatly increased interest in the propagation of sonic and tidal waves in the atmosphere.
Exploring Core Issues in Adoption: Individual and Marital Experience of Adoptive Mothers

Theoretical literature on adoption discusses what are known as the “core issues in adoption.” The original core issues have been modified specifically for the adoptive family system and include 1) loss and grief, 2) entitlement, 3) claiming, 4) unmatched expectations, 5) family integration, 6) bonding and attachment, 7) identity, and 8) mastery and control. Using a self-report survey, this descriptive research assessed the degree to which adoptive mothers (N = 104) reported experiencing these core issues individually, and in their marriages. Results indicated that all of the core issues were experienced, but in varying degrees. Although challenging, some participants reported that their marriage was strengthened as a result of having encountered these issues. Qualitative data illuminated what was difficult and supported the need for skill-building marital interventions for adoptive parents.
Distribution of incorporated and synthesized protein among cell fractions of Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract Developing oocytes of Xenopus laevis were isolated, pulsed for 10 minutes with either vitellogenin-3H, 32P or a mixture of l -leucine-3H and 32Pi, and subsequently incubated for various lengths of time in unlabeled medium. Homogenates were then prepared and centrifuged on 20–60% sucrose gradients. Vitellogenin-3H, 32P was found to associate initially with membranous material, but within 45 min more than half the label was associated with the yolk platelets. Since it takes at least 60–120 min for vitellogenin to be converted into lipovitellin and phosvitin, this transformation must occur within the platelets rather than at the oocyte surface or within pinosomes. Eighteen hours after a pulse with l -leucine-3H and 32Pi, neither the yolk nor the mitochondria fraction became significantly labeled; this indicates that the macromolecular components of these structures are not synthesized or phosphorylated by the oocyte to any great extent during vitellogenesis. Instead, various components within the membranous and “soluble” regions became labeled.
Pinguiococcus pyrenoidosus gen. et sp. nov. (Pinguiophyceae), a new marine coccoid alga

SUMMARY A coccoid marine alga, collected from an aquaculture tank and maintained in culture as CCMP1144, was examined using light and electron microscopy. Young, rapidly growing cells were mostly spherical in shape, approximately 4–6 μm in diameter. Older cells often produced protrusions and pseudopodia-like extensions, giving cells an amoeboid-like appearance, but no amoeboid movement was observed and the pseudopodia-like extensions exhibited no active movement. The single chloroplast had a typical photosynthetic stramenopile ultrastructure. A large stalked pyrenoid was easily observed by light microscopy. Ultrastructurally, the granular portion of the pyrenoid was divided into sections by a penetrating chloroplast envelope. A mitochondrion was often, but not always, adjacent to the pyrenoid, and in some cases the mitochondrion formed a ‘cap’ over the protruding pyrenoid. The Golgi cisternae were (when viewed in cross-section) curved toward the nucleus. A peripheral network of anastomosing tube-like membranes was located immediately beneath the plasmalemma. Two centrioles were located adjacent to the nuclear envelope. Lipid-like and electron transparent vacuoles were present. Based on this investigation and data published elsewhere (large percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid, 18S rRNA and rbcL genes), this alga was described as Pinguiococcus pyrenoidosus gen. et sp. nov.
Luminescence targeting and imaging using a nanoscale generation 3 dendrimer in an in vivo colorectal metastatic rat model

Surgery is currently the best approach for treating either primary or metastatic hepatic malignancies. Because only 20% of hepatic cancers are operable in patients, several types of regional therapy (RT) are emerging as alternate treatment modalities. However, RTs can have their own limitations at controlling tumor growth or may lack the ability to detect such metastases. Additional strategies can be implemented to enhance their efficacy. An animal model of hepatic metastases coupled with a gastroduodenal artery (GDA) cannulation technique may provide a site to apply such therapies. In our study, splenic injections were performed with CC531 adenocarcinoma cells, which generated metastatic hepatic tumors in WAG/RijHsd rats. Cannulation of GDA was achieved via a polyethylene catheter. Infusion of generation 3 polyamidoamine 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide dendrimer containing 8 europium ions (Eu-G3P4A18N) via the GDA resulted in luminescence of the hepatic metastatic nodules. Imaging of the metastatic hepatic nodules was obtained with the help of a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera.
Production of Hybrids Between the 2EBN Bridge Species Solanum verrucosum and 1EBN diploid Potato Species

The potato crop has diploid wild relatives in the primitive 1EBN crossability group that have a wealth of desirable traits, but are currently difficult to access through conventional crossing. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient technique for using 1EBN species in breeding by crossing to 2EBN bridge species S. verrucosum. Success was obtained with several 1EBN diploid species: S. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. polyadenium, S. commersonii and S. circaeifolium. Use of 2x(2EBN) S. verrucosum as a receptive female avoided prezygotic inter- specific incompatibility, and double "rescue" pollination was done using haploid-inducing clone, S. phureja IvP35 to min- imizepostzygoticfailureduetoabortionofberrieswith few or small seeds. In total, 4,646 hybrid seeds were obtained in crosses between S. verrucosum and the 1EBN species. Rescuepollination particularlyimprovedseeds per pollination for S. pinnatisectumhybrids. The hybrid seeds were normal in appearance and had high germination (47-88 %). They pro- duced plants with the distinctive phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers specific to their 1EBN parents. Hybrids had poor male fertility, but crossed easily as females to diploid S. tuberosum at an average of 38 seeds per pollination.
Trace element composition of dolostones and dolomites and its bearing on the dolomite problem

Abstract 300 specimens of “primary” and “secondary” dolostones and 150 specimens of dolomite quantitatively analyzed in triplicate for 20 trace and minor elements statistically yield separate populations of the two major lithologic varieties of dolomitic carbonate rocks for certain trace elements. Histograms, probability plots and measure of the coefficient of variation suggest a lognormal distribution for the trace element data, which when tested statistically at the 1 per cent level of significance, indicate higher concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe, K, Li, Zn and Na in the “primary” dolostones. Sr is significantly concentrated in the secondary dolomites separated from the dolostones. On the basis of carbon-oxygen isotope ratios and crystallo-chemical considerations, the dolomite is considered to be a replacement mineral after calcite or aragonite and the abundance of Sr in “secondary” dolomite is interpreted as a minor impurity originally derived from metastable aragonite and entrapped in the dolomite structure. For the samples studied, trace element patterns appear to suggest that “primary” dolostones (characterized by very fine and uniform grain size; complete absence of fauna, relict textures and phantom structures; lack of appreciable porosity; relatively light color; frequent fine lamination; conchoidal fracture; and association with evaporitic sequences) may represent the early replacement of predominantly calcitic limestones under conditions of somewhat above normal salinity, whereas “secondary” dolostones (characterized by relatively coarse and non-uniform grain size; euhedral dolomite rhombs; frequent oolith, pellet and fossil textures; or organic fossil remains) may represent the early replacement of predominantly aragonitic limestones under normal marine conditions. A specific example of Ordovician Nittany dolostone comprising alternating zones of “primary” and “secondary” dolostones confirms the relationship evident in samples differing widely in age and geographic location.
CONSTRUCT ACCESSIBILITY AND ELECTORAL CHOICE

Chronic accessibility refers to a long-term bias to notice, process, and have available for recall certain types of information across a variety of different stimulus objects in a variety of different situations. This paper illustrates the usefulness of studying the chronic accessibility of political constructs in the field of political behavior. The chronic accessibility of four generic political constructs are operationalized: candidates, issues, groups, and parties. The accessibility of these four political constructs is shown to be relatively stable over time and to guide the processing of information about a wide variety of political objects. Next, a voting model is tested that identifieswhich voters will rely chiefly on issue orientations, group orientations, candidate orientations, and/or party orientations in making their vote decision. The voting model is validated across two distinct ways of operationalizing the political chronicities and three different election studies spanning a 28-year period. Finally, although this paper has focused onindividual political behavior, several ways that an information processing approach could shed light on macrolevel political questions are discussed.
Comparing polyelectrolyte multilayer‐coated PMMA microfluidic devices and glass microchips for electrophoretic separations

There is a continuing drive in microfluidics to transfer microchip systems from the more expensive glass microchips to cheaper polymer microchips. Here, we investigate using polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) as a coating system for poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microchips to improve their functionality. The multilayer system was prepared by layer-on-layer depositon of poly (diallydimethylammonium) chloride (PDAD) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Practical aspects of coating PMMA microchips were explored. The multilayer buildup process was monitored using EOF measurements, and the stability of the PEM was investigated. The performance of the PEM-PMMA microchip was compared to those of a standard glass microchip and a PEM-glass microchip in terms of electroosmotic flow and separating two fluorescent dyes. Several key findings in the development of the multilayer coating procedure for PMMA chips are also presented. It was found that, with careful preparation, a PEM-PMMA microchip can be prepared that has properties comparable - and in some cases superior - to those of a standard glass microchip.
The infrared and Raman spectra of β-TaPO5 and β-NbPO5

Mesure et analyse des spectres IR et Raman pour obtenir des informations sur les structures cristallines des deux composes
Faraday Effect Sensors: The State Of The Art

The Faraday effect is becoming widely used as an optical method of measuring electric cur-rent or magnetic field. It is particularly advantageous where the measurements must be made at high voltage or in the presence of electromagnetic interference, and where, speed or stability are considerations. In this paper we review the development of the technology over the last twenty years, with an emphasis on the basic principles, design considerations, and performance capabilities of sensors that represent the latest achievements. Faraday effect current sensors are now used routinely in the measurement of large current pulses, and are starting to become available for ac current measurements in the power industry. Recent developments include their extension to the measurement of currents in the milliampere range and substantial reductions in size. Similar devices, in slightly different configurations, can be used for magnetic field measurements. Further improvements, based on new fiber types and new materials, are projected.
The Research Article as a Foundation for Subject-Centered Learning and Teaching Public Sociology: Experiential Exercises for Thinking Structurally About Child Care Fatalities:

This paper is the latest installment in a series that is designed to bridge the gap between teaching and practice by developing classroom applications based on a current research article from the American Sociological Review. We discuss the ways in which a recent ASR paper on child care fatalities can be used to help students explore Burawoy's conception of “public” sociology in a manner that is consistent with a subject-centered pedagogical approach. To illustrate this approach, we offer three experiential exercises designed to facilitate the active engagement of students' hearts, as well as their minds, thereby linking our subject-centered approach to the increasingly popular notion of character education.
Visualization of charge propagation along individual pili proteins using ambient electrostatic force microscopy

The nanoscale imaging of charge flow in proteins is crucial to understanding several life processes, including respiration, metabolism and photosynthesis. However, existing imaging methods are only effective under non-physiological conditions or are limited to photosynthetic proteins. Here, we show that electrostatic force microscopy can be used to directly visualize charge propagation along pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens with nanometre resolution and under ambient conditions. Charges injected at a single point into individual, untreated pili, which are still attached to cells, propagated over the entire filament. The mobile charge density in the pili, as well as the temperature and pH dependence of the charge density, were similar to those of carbon nanotubes and other organic conductors. These findings, coupled with a lack of charge propagation in mutated pili that were missing key aromatic amino acids, suggest that the pili of G. sulfurreducens function as molecular wires with transport via delocalized charges, rather than the hopping mechanism that is typical of biological electron transport.
Myostatin Directly Regulates Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis

Skeletal muscle fibrosis is a major pathological hallmark of chronic myopathies in which myofibers are replaced by progressive deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins produced by muscle fibroblasts. Recent studies have shown that in the absence of the endogenous muscle growth regulator myostatin, regeneration of muscle is enhanced, and muscle fibrosis is correspondingly reduced. We now demonstrate that myostatin not only regulates the growth of myocytes but also directly regulates muscle fibroblasts. Our results show that myostatin stimulates the proliferation of muscle fibroblasts and the production of extracellular matrix proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Further, muscle fibroblasts express myostatin and its putative receptor activin receptor IIB. Proliferation of muscle fibroblasts, induced by myostatin, involves the activation of Smad, p38 MAPK and Akt pathways. These results expand our understanding of the function of myostatin in muscle tissue and provide a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapies.
Cyclodehydration of keto pyridines-tosyl acid cleavage of 2-pyridyl ethyl ethers

Abstract The cyclodehydration of 2-2-(2-ethoxy-6-pyridyl)ethyl cyclohexanone (II) under the influence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, has been demonstrated. Atetnding this reaction is a de-ethylation process leading to the formation of the tricyclic pyridone, III, as well as the tricyclic pyridyl ether, V, and ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate. A five-step synthesis of II, starting with 6-methyl-2-pyridone (VIII) is described.
Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems

[1] Imaging spectroscopy is a tool that can be used to spectrally identify and spatially map materials based on their specific chemical bonds. Spectroscopic analysis requires significantly more sophistication than has been employed in conventional broadband remote sensing analysis. We describe a new system that is effective at material identification and mapping: a set of algorithms within an expert system decision-making framework that we call Tetracorder. The expertise in the system has been derived from scientific knowledge of spectral identification. The expert system rules are implemented in a decision tree where multiple algorithms are applied to spectral analysis, additional expert rules and algorithms can be applied based on initial results, and more decisions are made until spectral analysis is complete. Because certain spectral features are indicative of specific chemical bonds in materials, the system can accurately identify and map those materials. In this paper we describe the framework of the decision making process used for spectral identification, describe specific spectral feature analysis algorithms, and give examples of what analyses and types of maps are possible with imaging spectroscopy data. We also present the expert system rules that describe which diagnostic spectral features are used in the decision making process for a set of spectra of minerals and other common materials. We demonstrate the applications of Tetracorder to identify and map surface minerals, to detect sources of acid rock drainage, and to map vegetation species, ice, melting snow, water, and water pollution, all with one set of expert system rules. Mineral mapping can aid in geologic mapping and fault detection and can provide a better understanding of weathering, mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and other geologic processes. Environmental site assessment, such as mapping source areas of acid mine drainage, has resulted in the acceleration of site cleanup, saving millions of dollars and years in cleanup time. Imaging spectroscopy data and Tetracorder analysis can be used to study both terrestrial and planetary science problems. Imaging spectroscopy can be used to probe planetary systems, including their atmospheres, oceans, and land surfaces.
Wavelet denoising of multiframe optical coherence tomography data using correlation analysis

ABSTRACT A new wavelet based algorithm for performing denoising of multiple frame Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data is proposed. The method is based on the assumption that noise between frames is uncorrelated. By comparing multiple frames using an appropriate similarity measure we can distinguish between unwanted noise and image features. Two similarity measures are used for weighting wavelet coeffici ents of each frame. Final denoised image is constructed from weighted and averaged frames. Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveal the superiority of proposed algorithm over existing denoising approaches. Keywords: Denoise, multiple frame, optical coherence to mography, similarity measure, wavelet 1. INTRODUCTION Medical imaging technologies have improved the clinical management and diagnosis of diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology is one of them, it can provide cross sectional images of almost every part of human body which in turn aids in diagnosis of many diseases. The cross sectional image is constructed by scanning a beam of light in transverse direction on the tissue of interest. The light reflected from the micro structural features of tissue forms the features of the image
Endogenous Signaling by Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid-derived Mediators Sustains Homeostatic Synaptic and Circuitry Integrity

The harmony and function of the complex brain circuits and synapses are sustained mainly by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, neurotrophins, gene regulation, and factors, many of which are incompletely understood. A common feature of brain circuit components, such as dendrites, synaptic membranes, and other membranes of the nervous system, is that they are richly endowed in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main member of the omega-3 essential fatty acid family. DHA is avidly retained and concentrated in the nervous system and known to play a role in neuroprotection, memory, and vision. Only recently has it become apparent why the surprisingly rapid increases in free (unesterified) DHA pool size take place at the onset of seizures or brain injury. This phenomenon began to be clarified by the discovery of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), the first-uncovered bioactive docosanoid formed from free DHA through 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1). NPD1 synthesis includes, as agonists, oxidative stress and neurotrophins. The evolving concept is that DHA-derived docosanoids set in motion endogenous signaling to sustain homeostatic synaptic and circuit integrity. NPD1 is anti-inflammatory, displays inflammatory resolving activities, and induces cell survival, which is in contrast to the pro-inflammatory actions of the many of omega-6 fatty acid family members. We highlight here studies relevant to the ability of DHA to sustain neuronal function and protect synapses and circuits in the context of DHA signalolipidomics. DHA signalolipidomics comprises the integration of the cellular/tissue mechanism of DHA uptake, its distribution among cellular compartments, the organization and function of membrane domains containing DHA phospholipids, and the precise cellular and molecular events revealed by the uncovering of signaling pathways regulated by docosanoids endowed with prohomeostatic and cell survival bioactivity. Therefore, this approach offers emerging targets for prevention, pharmaceutical intervention, and clinical translation involving DHA-mediated signaling.
Mechanical ventilation for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage Indications, timing, and outcome

Objective: To compare the incidence, indication, and timing of intubation and outcome in patients with cerebral infarction (ISCH) and intracerebral hemorrhage(HEM) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Background: Poor outcomes have been reported for ISCH patients requiring MV. Because the target population, pathophysiology, and management of ISCH and HEM patients differ considerably, we compared the characteristics of patients with ISCH and HEM who required MV. Methods: A retrospective review of ISCH and HEM stroke patients who underwent MV at a tertiary care academic center from 1994 to 1997 was performed to determine age, sex, type, and location of stroke (anterior or posterior circulation); brainstem dysfunction at intubation (pupillary, corneal, and oculocephalic reflexes); indication for intubation (neurologic deterioration, cardiopulmonary deterioration, or elective intubation for surgery); timing of intubation (on presentation or later); comorbidities; and outcome (hospital disposition). Results: A total of 230 patients, 74 with ISCH and 156 with HEM (mean age, 61± 16 years; male-to-female ratio, 1.15:1), underwent MV. Intubation rates were 6% for ISCH patients and 30% for HEM patients. Two-thirds of the patients required intubation on presentation (84% were intubated for neurologic deterioration) and 131 patients (57%) died (ISCH, 55%; HEM, 58%). Signs of brainstem dysfunction predicted a higher mortality for both groups. Additionally, early intubation and older age predicted mortality for HEM, and male gender predicted mortality in ISCH. Stroke location and comorbidities did not influence outcome. Conclusions: MV in acute stroke is associated with high mortality. Mortality and outcome were similar for ISCH and HEM; however, the factors predictive of outcome may differ and influence decisions about the use of MV in such patients.
The Human Animal and Christian Ecotheology: Reflections on Taking Biology Seriously

Christian ecotheology tends to emphasize human identity with the rest of nature while also arguing that human society requires transformation through appreciation of intrinsic value in non-human nature. Since this sets up a tension between notions of humans as natural beings and as free to choose among alternative motivations, it would beneﬁt Christian ecotheology to think more consistently about implications of humanity’s belonging to nature. Science has provided compelling reasons for thinking that egoism is an incorrigible dimension of human life, thereby suggesting that abusive exploitation of nature has deeper roots than cultural constructs. This realization calls for fundamental rethinking of several traditional Christian doctrines, including the Fall, original sin, and free will. In fact, some theologies already anticipate these revisions, though more remains to be done. Moreover, Christian ecotheology’s attention to concepts of connections between humans and nature and of nature’s value remains important, but some of its emphases need to change.
Host-cell interactions with pathogenic Rickettsia species.

Pathogenic Rickettsia species are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria responsible for the spotted fever and typhus groups of diseases around the world. It is now well established that a majority of sequelae associated with human rickettsioses are the outcome of the pathogen's affinity for endothelium lining the blood vessels, the consequences of which are vascular inflammation, insult to vascular integrity and compromised vascular permeability, collectively termed ‘Rickettsial vasculitis’. Signaling mechanisms leading to transcriptional activation of target cells in response to Rickettsial adhesion and/or invasion, differential activation of host-cell signaling due to infection with spotted fever versus typhus subgroups of Rickettsiae, and their contributions to the host's immune responses and determination of cell fate are the major subtopics of this review. Also included is a succinct analysis of established in vivo models and their use for understanding Rickettsial interactions with host cells and pathogenesis of vasculotropic rickettsioses. Continued progress in these important but relatively under-explored areas of bacterial pathogenesis research should further highlight unique aspects of Rickettsial interactions with host cells, elucidate the biological basis of endothelial tropism and reveal novel chemotherapeutic and vaccination strategies for debilitating Rickettsial diseases.
Evidence of Local Migration of a Spreading Center

Patterns of magnetic anomalies associated with sea-floor spreading are not precisely parallel but undulate slightly with reference to each other. This produces deviations from ideal two-dimensionality. Such undulating patterns are well displayed in a region southwest of the Blanco fracture zone where coherent spreading-velocity anomalies show amplitudes of 5 to 15 mm/yr and wavelengths of 40 to 160 km. Possible mechanisms for the velocity anomalies are deformation of the zone within which rocks were magnetized, discrete volcanism at the ridge axis, or small-scale asymmetrical spreading produced by local movement of the spreading center. If the latter interpretation is correct, the motion of the fissure must have been nearly continuous.
3D Twins and Expression Challenge

We describe the 3D Twins Expression Challenge (“3D TEC”) in the area of 3D face recognition. The supporting dataset contains 3D scans of pairs of identical twins taken with two different facial expressions, neutral and smiling. The dataset is smaller than the FRGC v2 dataset by approximately a factor of ten, but is still more challenging than the FRGC v2 dataset due to it containing twins with different expressions. We evaluate the performance of a modern 3D face recognition algorithm against the dataset and demonstrate that distinguishing between identical twins is a difficult problem which becomes more difficult when expressions come into play. This challenge problem will help to push the frontiers of 3D face recognition.
Fast parallel construction of smooth surfaces from meshes with tri/quad/pent facets

Polyhedral meshes consisting of triangles, quads, and pentagons and polar configurations cover all major sampling and modeling scenarios. We give an algorithm for efficient local, parallel conversion of such meshes to an everywhere smooth surface consisting of low-degree polynomial pieces. Quadrilateral facets with 4-valent vertices are 'regular' and are mapped to bi-cubic patches so that adjacent bi-cubics join C2 as for cubic tensor-product splines. The algorithm can be implemented in the vertex and geometry shaders of the GPU pipeline and does not use the fragment shader. Its implementation in DirectX 10 achieves conversion plus rendering at 659 frames per second with 42.5 million triangles per second on input of a model of 1300 facets of which 60% are not regular.
Electron Double Scattering by Nuclear Magnetic Moments

Polarization effects in the scattering of high-energy electrons by charges and magnetic moments are discussed. A double scattering experiment using targets with lined-up nuclear spins should be a sensitive means of obtaining information about a possible difference in the charge and magnetic moment distributions of nuclei.
Investigation of the algicidal exudate produced by Shewanella sp. IRI-160 and its effect on dinoflagellates

Abstract The bacterium, Shewanella sp. IRI-160, was previously shown to have negative effects on the growth of dinoflagellates, while having no negative effects on other classes of phytoplankton tested ( Hare et al., 2005 ). In this study, we investigated the mode of algicidal activity for Shewanella sp. IRI-160 and found that the bacterium secretes a bioactive compound. The optimum temperature for production of the algicidal compound by this bacterium was at 30 °C. Bacteria-free filtrate of medium containing the algicide (designated IRI-160AA) was stable at temperatures ranging from −80 °C to 121 °C, and could be stored at room temperature for at least three weeks with no loss in activity. Algicidal activity was eluted in the aqueous portion after C18 extraction, suggesting that the active compound is likely polar and water-soluble. The activity of IRI-160AA was examined on a broad range of dinoflagellates ( Karlodinium veneficum , Karenia brevis , Gyrodinium instriatum , Cochlodinium polykrikoides , Heterocapsa triquetra , Prorocentrum minimum , Alexandrium tamarense and Oxyrrhis marina ) and three species from other classes of algae as controls ( Dunaliella tertiolecta , Rhodomonas sp. and Thalassiosira pseudonana ). Algicidal activity was observed for each dinoflagellate and little to no negative effect was observed on chlorophyte and cryptophyte cultures, while a slight (non-significant) stimulatory effect was observed on the diatom culture exposed to the algicide. Finally, the effect of the algicide at different growth stages was investigated for K. veneficum and G. instriatum . IRI-160AA exhibited a significantly greater effect during logarithmic growth compared to stationary phase, suggesting a potential application of the algicide for prevention and control of harmful dinoflagellate blooms in the future.
Children by choice or by chance: The perceived effects of parity

In a study examining inferences made about couples based on their choice whether or not to have children, college undergraduates projected 1-year and 25-year life situations for a hypothetical couple who either (1) neither had nor wished to have children, (2) were presented without any reference to children, or (3) already had two children. This manipulation notwithstanding, most couples were projected as becoming parents. Female subjects saw having children as enhancing the quality of life of both partners, while males took the opposite view.
Using PC12 cells to evaluate poly(caprolactone) and collagenous microcarriers for applications in nerve guide fabrication

Tissue-engineered nerve guides can provide mechanical support as well as chemical stimulation for nerve regeneration. PC12 cells were used to test the novel combination of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and macroporous collagen-based microcarriers (CultiSphers) as an initial phase in the fabrication of multichanneled nerve guides. Laminin-coated PCL was an effective matrix for the attachment, proliferation, and viability of PC12 cells, relative to uncoated PCL. PC12 cells attached to laminin-coated PCL and extended neurites when cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells attached and proliferated on CultiSphers and extended neurites in response to NGF. A novel PCL/CultiSpher composite material also supported PC12 attachment and proliferation and provides a potentially useful material for the fabrication of synthetic nerve guides.
Bildgebung von Angiogenese

Die Tumor-induzierte Angiogenese hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten intensives Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Neue anti-angiogenetische Tumortherapien sind derzeit in verschiedenen Phasen der klinischen Testung. Die Herausforderung fur die radiologische Diagnostik liegt darin, Methoden zu entwickeln, die die angiogenetische Aktivitat von Tumoren sowie das Ansprechen auf anti-angiogenetische Tumortherapien in vivo erfassen konnen. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine kurze Ubersicht uber verschiedene Ansatze, Angiogenese und Effekte anti-angiogenetischer Therapie in vivo bildgebend darzustellen.
Survey of trace elements in coals and coal-related materials by neutron activation analysis

Utilizing primarily instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and other analytical methods as many as 61 elements were quantitatively surveyed in 170 U.S. whole coals, 70 washed coals, and 40 bench samples. Data on areal and vertical distributions in various regions were obtained along with extensive information on the mode of occurrence of various elements in the coal matrix itself.