cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on alcohol-modified transition metal polymerization catalysts. II. Interaction of TiCl4 with cellulose and model compounds

Experiments have been performed to obtain evidence concerning the chemical and physical reactions which may be expected to occur when TiCl4 is sorbed onto cellulose from nonswelling solvents. For model compounds such as 1,2-butanediol, cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol, one ionic bond per TiCl4 was the general rule. The presence of multiple electron donating groups in the diols leads to chelation and/or polymer formation, so that insoluble reaction products were obtained. Analysis of the reaction products permitted the assignment of characteristic formulae, which accounted for variations in composition and physical properties of the reactants as a function of diol: TiCl4 ratio. The foregoing studies have provided a base for interpreting, respectively, the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions between ethyl cellulose (DS = 2.5) and cellulose fibers with TiCl4. It appears that all the oxygens of cellulosics (not just the hydroxyls) can take part in the completing, which otherwise is similar to the diol reaction. Drying history has an important effect on the titanium content of the cellulose after reaction with TiCl4.
FOCAL DYSPLASIA WITH HYPERPLASIA IN CRYPTORCHIDISMI

We represent the cases of two boys nine years old, with unilaterally cryptorchidism, treated before orchidopexy with chorionic gonadotrophines. The testicular biopsy shows very marked focal lesions not described until now. Both biopsies have two clearly different zones: The first zone shows an important interstitial fibroedema, increased number of Leydig cells, well formed tubules with diminished diameter for the age, absence of spermatogonias, and inmature Sertoli cells hyperplasia. The second zone has an almost complete disappearance of the interstitium, few Leydig cells and fibrosis of the tubular basal membrane. The tubular diameter is at least twice as wide as that of the first zone. In these tubules there are only mature Sertoli cells with absence of spermatogonias, and the lumen of some of them is occupied by an eosinophilic, PAS+material. In our opinion this is a primary focal dysplasia of the testis not described yet. It is probably not influenced by thetreatment with gonadotrophines. Because these tubules show an advanced state of maturation, it seems that their growth is independent of that of the rest of the testis. The specimen biopsy in cryptorchidism must be large enough to discard this type of focal lesion.
Does Blue Dye Contribute to Success of Sentinel Node Mapping for Breast Cancer

Background We sought to evaluate the utilization of blue dye in addition to radioisotope and its relative contribution to sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping at a high-volume institution.
Common garden experiments reveal uncommon responses across temperatures, locations, and species of ants

Population changes and shifts in geographic range boundaries induced by climate change have been documented for many insect species. On the basis of such studies, ecological forecasting models predict that, in the absence of dispersal and resource barriers, many species will exhibit large shifts in abundance and geographic range in response to warming. However, species are composed of individual populations, which may be subject to different selection pressures and therefore may be differentially responsive to environmental change. Asystematic responses across populations and species to warming will alter ecological communities differently across space. Common garden experiments can provide a more mechanistic understanding of the causes of compositional and spatial variation in responses to warming. Such experiments are useful for determining if geographically separated populations and co-occurring species respond differently to warming, and they provide the opportunity to compare effects of warming on fitness (survivorship and reproduction). We exposed colonies of two common ant species in the eastern United States, Aphaenogaster rudis and Temnothorax curvispinosus, collected along a latitudinal gradient from Massachusetts to North Carolina, to growth chamber treatments that simulated current and projected temperatures in central Massachusetts and central North Carolina within the next century. Regardless of source location, colonies of A. rudis, a keystone seed disperser, experienced high mortality and low brood production in the warmest temperature treatment. Colonies of T. curvispinosus from cooler locations experienced increased mortality in the warmest rearing temperatures, but colonies from the warmest locales did not. Our results suggest that populations of some common species may exhibit uniform declines in response to warming across their geographic ranges, whereas other species will respond differently to warming in different parts of their geographic ranges. Our results suggest that differential responses of populations and species must be incorporated into projections of range shifts in a changing climate.
High temperature encapsulation of thermoelectric materials

Abstract The encapsulation of broad band and other semiconductor materials enhances the physicochemical stability of the material by suppressing decomposition and material transport. It further provides increased mechanical stability to the individual cells. The advantages of this encapsulation in many cases outweight the losses due to heat bypass in the encapsulant. As the operating temperature is increased these advantages become more evident. The paper describes several encapsulation systems consisting of ceramic enclosures and sealed-on metal electrodes, such as forsterite ceramics with iron-titanium eutectic seals. The aim of the development has been a hot-junction temperature of 1500°C.
Johari–Goldstein relaxation as the origin of the excess wing observed in metallic glasses

Abstract Measurements of the shear loss modulus G ″ of amorphous Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 27.5 at 5.4 kHz were reported by Rosner, Samwer and Lunkenheimer. They observed that the measured G ″ are in excess of the contribution from the α-relaxation, indicating the existence of an ‘excess wing’ in amorphous metals like that found in molecular glass-formers. They speculated that the excess wing found in amorphous metal is due to the presence of an unresolved Johari–Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation. In this work, the coupling model is used to calculate the temperature T JG at which the JG relaxation frequency coincides with the experimental frequency of the isochronal measurement. The location of T JG is well within the temperature range where the excess wing of Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 27.5 appears at 5.4 kHz. Hence, the result supports the assertion of Rosner et al. that the excess wing found in the metallic glass originates from the intrinsic JG relaxation.
An octosporeosis of the black blowfly, Phormia regina: Incidence rates of host and parasite

Adult black blowflies Phormia regina were trapped from April through October in Urbana, Illinois for the years 1963 and 1964. Samples of flies from each catch were examined for the presence of the microsporidian parasite Octosporea muscaedomesticae. In 1963, the monthly parasite incidence rate steadily increased with the progression of the seasons while the fly population declined over the same period. In 1964, the monthly parasite incidence rate followed no decernable pattern; this was probably attributable to the fact that the host remained comparatively scarce for the entire period following heavy spring rains. The observed monthly parasite incidence rates ranged from zero to 13% over the two-year period. The annual parasite incidence rate was 4% in 1963 and 4.5% in 1964. No significant differences were found in the parasite incidence rates of females versus males. The observed parasite incidence rates, while indicative of general trends, probably are lower than the actual rates in nature. Reasons for this are discussed. Finally it is suggested that O. muscaedomesticae may at times act as a suppressor of P. regina populations in the field.
Electronic structure and magnetism of surfaces and interfaces

Abstract Spurred by recent experimental advances, theoretical/computational methods for accurately determining the electronic structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces have been developed. This paper reviews the advanced state of local spin density determinations of the magnetic properties of free surfaces (e.g. Ni and Fe) and interfaces (e.g. Ni on Cu), using self-consistent spin-polarized energy band calculations of the energy dispersion and spatial character of surface and interface states.
Issues involving the use of significant sameness in testing replications and generating knowledge

Abstract Hubbard and Lindsay's article in this issue proposes a framework for generating knowledge based upon significant sameness of replications rather than significant differences. This critique agrees with their basic premise, but points out weaknesses in their proposal to use overlapping confidence intervals around effect sizes in close replications as the criterion for knowledge.
Persistent Infrared Hole Burning of Ammonium Stearate

Preliminary analysis of the X-ray diffraction of single crystals provides the unit cell parameters and suggests standard B-type packing of the polymethylene chains. Spectral hole burning of the N−D stretching bands of ammonium stearate, doped with some deuterium, produces holes and antiholes in three regions of the spectrum. The three regions contain the stretching bands, the NH3 rocking bands, and the rocking−libration bands, respectively. The holes and antiholes identify the vibrational bands and correlate them with the different possible orientations of the NH3D+ in the crystal.
Genetic Evidence for the Role of the Lv Locus in Early Susceptibility but Not IL-10 Synthesis in Experimental Coccidioidomycosis in C57BL Mice

Loci on chromosome 4 near Lv and on chromosome 6 near Tnfr1 are associated with resistance to coccidioidomycosis in mice. To assess the importance of the Lv locus, we compared C57BL/6 (B6) with C57BL/10 (B10), strains that are nearly congenic for the Lv locus. Fourteen days after intraperitoneal infection, B6 mice had nearly 100-fold more Coccidioides immitis in their lungs than did B10 mice (log 6.2 vs. log 4.8). Furthermore, the time to 50% deaths was 15 days for B6 and 22 days for B10. Nevertheless, 90% of B10 mice had died by day 28. In other mouse strains, we found a direct correlation between lung colony-forming units and levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 mRNA, but B10 mice had 100-fold higher lung levels of IL-10 and 10-fold higher levels of IL-4 mRNA than did B6 mice, despite having less C. immitis. In the absence of IL-10, B10 mice are resistant to lethal infection. These results suggest that a locus near Lv is responsible for early resistance to coccidioidomycosis but not for modulating the IL-10 and IL-4 responses. This locus is not sufficient to make C57BL mice resistant to coccidioidomycosis.
Secure and Fault-Tolerant Event Boundary Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Event boundary detection is in and of itself a useful application in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Typically, it includes the detection of a large-scale spatial phenomenon such as the transportation front line of a contamination or the diagnosis of network health. In this paper, we present SEBD, a fully distributed and light-weight secure event boundary detection scheme, which implements secure and fault-tolerant detection of event boundaries in an adversarial environment. An efficient key establishment protocol is first proposed which establishes location based keys at each sensor node to secure the communications. The idea of location-based keys also effectively minimizes the impact of node compromise such that a compromised node cannot impersonate other nodes at locations other than where it is. Then a collaborative endorsement scheme is designed to allow multiple nodes collectively endorsing a valid boundary claim for increased resilience against node compromise. SEBD further develops an enhanced (nonparametric) statistical model that supports localized detection and shows a much better accuracy and fault tolerance property as compared to previous models. The security strength and performance of SEBD are evaluated by both analysis and simulations.
“Good jobs” to “bad jobs”: replicated evidence of an employment continuum from two large surveys

The goal of this study was to offeran expanded conceptualization of the employment continuum and test its utility by examining the association of different employment statuses with physical health and depression. Using data from two large cross-sectional surveys we develop five different employment categories (i.e., ‘‘optimal’’, ‘‘economically good’’, ‘‘psychologically good’’, ‘‘barely adequate’’, and ‘‘inadequate’’ employment) in addition to unemployment to form an employment continuum. Evidence from these studies indicates that less than optimal forms of employment are not randomly distributed throughout the population, and that a substantial number of adults are working in ‘‘inadequate or ‘‘barely adequate’’ jobs. Moreover, our analyses revealed a consistent association between less than optimal jobs and poorer physical and mental health among adults. We conclude our paper by discussing important policy implications of these findings and offering suggestions for future research. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intraindividual Cognitive Variability Before and After Sports-Related Concussion

Inconsistent performance is associated with cognitive dysfunction in a number of clinicalpopulations. However, intraindividual cognitive variability in healthy individuals is poorly understood.Inconsistency poses a challenge to clinicians when interpreting change over time. This study examinedintraindividual cognitive variability within a sample of college athletes tested at baseline and postcon-cussion.
A novel convergence scheme for active appearance models

The active appearance model (AAM) algorithm is a powerful tool for modeling images of deformable objects. AAM combines a subspace-based deformable model of an object's appearance with a fast and robust method of fitting this model to a previously unseen image. The speed of this algorithm comes from the assumption that the gradient matrix is fixed around the optimal coefficients for all images. In this paper, we propose a convergence scheme for AAM that adapts this gradient matrix to the target image's texture during convergence by adding linear modes of change that are based on the texture eigenvectors of AAM. We show that this adaptive strategy for the gradient matrix provides a significant increase in the performance of the AAM algorithm.
Measurement of body fat in Turner syndrome

Fourteen individuals with the Turner syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis with X chromosome chromosome abnormalities) were evaluated for obesity using hydrostatic weighing and skinfold measurements. While skinfold estimates of body fat correlated well with clinical impression, hydrostatic weighing appeared to falsely overestimate percent body fat. We suggest that reduced skeletal mass and/or occult lymphedema in Turner syndrome may invalidate the formula used to calculate percent body fat derived from hydrostatic weights. In this population and possibly in other disorders where skeletal mass is reduced from the normal, the use of hydrostatic weighing may be inappropriate.
Life Cycle Based Approach for Knowledge Management: A Knowledge Organization Case Study

Knowledge Management (KM) is emerging as one of the management tools to gain competitive advantage. Though several organizations have reported successful KM projects, there are a large number failures due to a variety of reasons including the incongruence between strategic and KM objectives, as well as lack of a sound framework and architecture that supports KM activities. This paper presents a knowledge management framework that takes into account the different levels of knowledge that exists within an organization, and an architecture for a KM environment that incorporates enabling technologies such as intelligent agents and XML. A proof-of-concept prototype is currently under development.
Ectopic Thyroid Carcinoma with Metastases in a Beagle Dog

A 10.25-year-old female beagle had an invasive neoplasm at the base of the heart which metastasized to the lungs, pancreas, and kidney. The neoplasm in these locations was composed of clusters of polyhedral cells surrounded by fine fibrovascular stroma. The differential diagnoses were malignant chemodectoma, ectopic parathyroid carcinoma, and ectopic thyroid carcinoma. Based on ultrastructural features, this tumor was an ectopic thyroid carcinoma. The differential diagnosis for primary benign and malignant tumors at the base of the heart in dogs includes aortic body tumors (chemodectomas), ectopic parathyroid gland tumors, and ectopic thyroid gland tumors (3). Malignant chemodectomas are the only heart-base tumors for which there are previous reports of distant metastasis (2-7, 101. We describe a carcinoma of ectopic thyroid glandular tissue, in a laboratory beagle, which originated at the base of the heart and metastasized widely.
The serial passage theory of HIV emergence.

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the recent article by Pepin et al [1], which presented the hypothesis that the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 and HIV-2 was facilitated by reuse of needles and syringes in parenteral treatment of tropical diseases. Here, we point out that key references published in 2001 that present this hypothesis for HIV-1 and HIV-2 emergence were not provided. Our hypothesis was presented at a meeting of The Royal Society of London in 2000, and findings were published in 2001 [2, 3]. The theory is now known as “The Serial Passage Theory of HIV Emergence.” The theory maintains that simian immunodeficiency viruses, the ancestors of HIV-1 and HIV-2, are weakly pathogenic for humans and incapable of sustaining an epidemic. This fact has been amply demonstrated by our group and by other groups [4, 5]. In addition, the theory states that HIV pathogenicity was acquired through human serial passage during transfusions and unsterile injection campaigns in pre- and postcolonial Africa. The article also presented data from monkey models confirming that serial passage of HIV-related viruses in monkeys greatly increased the pathogenicity of the viruses. A publication in Lancet (also in 2001) described these injection campaigns and the associated flood of cheap disposable needles and syringes to Africa and even covered the emergence of hepatitis C in this regard [3]. Finally, in the summer of 2010, during the 10th anniversary of the Royal Society proceedings, a meeting in Paris was sponsored by Paris-Diderot University to assess progress toward understanding the role of reused needles and transfusions in the emergence of infection with HIV and hepatitis viruses. The serial passage theory was presented and discussed at that meeting. Professor Pepin was in attendance. The mechanism by which new epidemic virus strains emerge is a question of paramount importance. Although the sources of most newly emerged viruses, such as swine influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, Ebola virus, and HIV, are known, the mechanisms by which they emerged is still unknown. More research will help to unravel this mystery and aid public health prevention programs. We are pleased that the issue is finally receiving more attention.
Room-temperature luminescence analysis of drugs with application to the Toxi-Lab drug identification system.

and phenazopyrldlne/lidocaine, were studied as model compounds. Their luminescence characteristics were obtained and calibration curves were found to be linear over two orders of magnitude. The effect of the nonlumlnescent component of each pair on the determination of the luminescent component was found to be negligible. Statistical F-tests showed that the observed differences in the slopes and intercepts of the calibration curves were due to random errors. The method was evaluated by determining quinine in urine samples at the ng level. Toxi-Lab system. In this paper, an instrumental method of detection and quantification of three pairs of drugs after separa- tion on a Toxi-Lab TLC plate is described. These drugs were chosen as test models for this study due to the fact that the com- pounds in each pair have the same retention behavior and similar reaction to detection reagents. However, the method is poten- tially applicable to other cases if the appropriate experimental conditions are found. The method utilizes room-temperature solid-substrate luminescence (i.e., room-temperature phosphor- escence (RTP) and fluorescence (RTF)), which has been under study in this laboratory for some time now. Theoretical and practical aspects of fluorescence have been known for decades. On the other hand, the RTP technique is a relatively new one. The principles and applications of RTP for chemical analysis have been reviewed by several workers (2-5). The feasibility of using solid-substrate luminescence for the analysis of synthetic mixtures (6,7), and for p-aminobenzoic acid in urine (8) has been demonstrated. However, the matrix effect of coexisting lumines- cent compounds on the determination of species of interest has not been studied thoroughly (6,7). Recent work of ours on this will be reported in another paper (9). Nevertheless, it is essential in the development of the method, to know the matrix effect due to the nonluminescent drug on the determination of the luminescent drug to be analyzed. Results obtained from such investigations are reported in this paper. The work described here is another demonstration of poten- tial application of the solid-substrate luminescence technique. Besides showing the capability of collecting qualitative infor- mation in connection with the Toxi-Lab system, the feasibility of spectroscopically resolving overlapping spots on the chromatogram by luminescence measurements is also demon- strated. The technique is further used in the quantitative deter- mination of quinine in a urine sample. It has the advantage of reducing possible error in the identification procedure for two compounds with similar characteristics. The technique may also facilitate routine quantification of spots on the TLC plate, if adapted to that purpose.
The Polar Sea Voyage and the Northwest Passage Dispute

This study examines the Northwest Passage controversy between the United States and Canada beginning with the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Polar Sea voyage through the passage without permission fro...
The temporal contiguity effect predicts episodic memory performance

One way to study the associative processes at work during episodic memory is to examine the order of participant responses, which reveal the strong tendency to transition between temporally contiguous or semantically proximal items on the study list. Here, we assessed the correlation between participants’ recall performance and their use of semantic and temporal associations to guide retrieval across nine delayed free recall studies. The size of the participants’ temporal contiguity effects predicted their recall performance. When interpreted in terms of two models of episodic memory, these results suggest that participants who more effectively form and retrieve associations between items that occur nearby in time perform better on episodic recall tasks. Sample code may be downloaded as a supplement for this article from http://mc.psychonomic-journals.org/content/ supplemental.
Biorretroalimentación y medicina comportamental

An attempt is made to show the place of biofeedback in the broader field of behavioral medicine. An analysis of biofeedback within the framework of the theory of signal detection leads to the expectation that technological biofeedback will have uniquely valuable applications in certain special circumstances, will be a useful alternative to other behavioral and nonbehavioral treatments in other circumstances, and is probably inappropriate in a third set of circumstances. Behavioral medicine seerns to be emerging as a discipline of great importance; its approach entails the use of many different modalities, and biofeedback is one among the many.
The Very low‐pressure pyrolysis of 2‐phenylethylamine. The enthalpy of formation of the aminomethyl radical

The thermal unimolecular decomposition of 2-phenylethylamine (PhCH2CH2NH2) into benzyl and aminomethyl radicals has been studied under very-low-pressure conditions, and the enthalpy of formation of the aminomethyl radicals, ΔH^°_f, 298K (H_2NCH_2^·) = 37.0 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, has been derived from the kinetic data. This result leads to a value for the C—H bond dissociation energy in methylamine, BDE(H_2NCH_2—H) = 94.6 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, which is about 3.4 kcal/mol lower than in C_2H_6 (98 kcal/mol), indicating a sizable stabilization in α-aminoalkyl radicals.
The Largest Minority Group -- The Disabled

The disabilities market consists of about 54 million people and will probably double in size within 15 years; it has an aggregate income of over $1 trillion dollars. Many firms treat this market as they would a charity case, or worse, totally ignore it, when it is in reality a very significant market. The authors discuss the role of corporate diversity in marketing to the disabled and note that disabled employees in the workforce can be the engine for generating and developing new product ideas for this significant multicultural group.
Abstract TMP65: Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients in Trauma Setting: Analysis from National Trauma Data Base (NTDB)

Background: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) occurs in up to 60% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with higher death and disability in TBI patients. Vascular i...
Distribution of Vitamin D3-4-C14 in Rachitic and Vitamin D3 Treated Chicks.

SummaryThe distribution of vit. D3-4-C14 in rachitic and vit. D3-treated chicks was assessed following oral intubation into chicks fed rachitogenic diet alone (rachitic) or treated with 6 IU/day of vit. D3. At 24 hours, the chicks were sacrificed and the radioactive material in each tissue was extracted from saponified tissue, then partitioned into a nonpolar fraction (iso-octane) containing primarily vit. D3 and a polar fraction (67% methanol) containing only breakdown products. Radioactivity was assayed in the ANSitron liquid scintillation counter using automatic external standardization for correction of counting efficiency.Radioactivity was widely distributed in all tissues of the chicks with high uptake, on a concentration basis, by intestinal tract, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, spleen and gall bladder and in serum. Muscle and pancreas were low in localized uptake. However, bone, muscle and skin each quantitatively accounted for a greater percentage than liver.From the relative proportion of activ...
Construction and Soil Monitoring Plan for an ET-Infiltration Rain Garden Comparison Site

The need to quantify the rates of evapotranspiration (ET) and infiltration in stormwater control measures (SCMs) is to properly accredit the systems’ volume reduction. At Villanova University, weighing lysimeters have been constructed to represent three different rain garden configurations in a side by side comparison of their ET and infiltration volume reduction potential. Two different soil media were implemented, as well as two different drainage regulation devices. The three lysimeters consist of native plants in a lined soil media basin with an underdrain that is attached to a drainage configuration. Flow into the system is measured by a rain gage, soil moisture is measured through the soil column, and flow out of the system via ET and infiltration is measured to provide a comprehensive view of how water is moving through each of the systems. The monitoring system includes soil moistures meters located at 10 cm, 35 cm, and 65 cm depths in each lysimeter. Evapotranspiration loss is determined by a system mass balance via a tension load cell that measures the systems weight at 5 min intervals and precipitation and drainage measurements. Each lysimeter’s drainage regulation system is monitored for exfiltration with a custom-made flow rate device. To simulate the volume of rainfall a rain garden would obtain from the runoff of the surrounding catchment area, a distribution system that provides for a 5:1 and 10:1 impervious area: SCM area rainfall event was developed.
The “Surface Optical” Phonon in CdSe Nanocrystals

The origin of the ubiquitous low-frequency shoulder on the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon fundamental in the Raman spectra of CdSe quantum dots is examined. This feature is usually assigned as a "surface optical" (SO) phonon, but it is only slightly affected by modifying the surface through exchanging ligands or adding a semiconductor shell. Here we present excitation profile data showing that the low-frequency shoulder loses intensity as the excitation is tuned to longer wavelengths, closer to resonance with the lowest-energy 1Se-1S3/2 excitonic transition. Calculations of the resonance Raman spectra are carried out using a fully atomistic model with an empirical force field to calculate the phonon modes and the standard effective mass approximation envelope function model to calculate the electron and hole wave functions. When a force field of the Tersoff type is used, the calculated spectra closely resemble the experimental ones in showing mainly the higher-frequency LO phonon with 1Se-1S3/2 resonance but showing intensity in lower-frequency features with 1Pe-1P3/2 resonance. These calculations indicate that the main LO phonon peak involves largely motion of the interior atoms, while the low-frequency shoulder is more equally distributed throughout the crystal but not surface-localized. Interestingly, very different results are obtained with the widely used Coulomb plus Lennard-Jones force field developed by Rabani, which predicts far more disordered structures and more localized phonon modes for the nanocrystals compared with the Tersoff-type potential.
Effects of prostaglandins E 1 and F 2 on the peripheral circulation in the cat.

SummaryIa administration of both PGE1 and PGF2α result in a decrease of the perfusion pressure in the isolated hindlimb preparation in the cat. This vasodilator action of PGE1 corresponds well with and appears sufficient to account for the overall cardiovascular response to this agent. On the other hand, ia PGF2α produces a variable and transient response in this isolated preparation. Direct vasodilation does not appear to be the only hemodynamic mechanism responsible for the overall depressor action of iv PGF2α. It was observed that there is little, if any, tachyphylaxis to the direct vasodilator actions of PGF2α.
Response of CREG1 promoter to serum starvation in human vascular cells

AIM:In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of the human cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes(hCREG1)in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)-HITASY and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),we clone and construct hCREG1 promoter vector to detect its expression in different vascular cells.METHODS:With the results of biological information,the fragments including-3 677 bp,-2 310 bp and-945 bp upstream sequences of hCREG1 were amplified respectively using human genomic DNA template by PCR.The products were inserted into pMD18-T vector,and then were subcloned into pEGFP-1 report vector to obtain the pEGFP-hCREG1-promoter vectors.The pEGFP-hCREG1-P3677,pEGFP-hCREG1-P2310 and pEGFP-hCREG1-P945 vectors were transfected into HITASY cells and HUVECs transiently and the expression of green fluorescent protein(GFP)was detected respectively by Western blotting and fluorescent microscope.RESULTS:It was confirmed that all three PCR fragments inserted into vectors were corrected by sequencing analysis.However,the expression of GFP was different significantly in both types of vascular cells.The expression of GFP in HUVECs was higher than that in HITASY cells.Meanwhile,the expression of GFP in HITASY cells with 0.5% FBS was increased obviously compared to that in HITASY cells with 10% FBS.CONCLUSION:The reporter vectors of hCREG1 promoter are constructed successfully in which the core promoter region might be located in-945 bp-0 bp of 5' upstream sequences.This study will provide an experimental basis for exploring the regulation of hCREG1 expression.
Experience of Scientific development by CPC during last 60 years

Lately Chinese 60 years is the process that our party investigates Chinese science to develop unremittingly; also is lately Chinese head for science development continuously of process. The party push lately Chinese science develop of 60 year,backlog abundant of experience,mainly been Have to construct Be the topic that Marxist China turn,have to the accurate judgment and confidence change continuously of the state of the nation a life time feeling,have to make to like to take the economy construction as the orchestration of the center to look after both sides,have to be firm to set up the basic standpoint of [with] the socialism reform,have to insist people's crowd is in science the development of corpus position,have to improve the ability of Communist Party of China leadership development continuously.
Women of color and health: issues of gender, community, and power.

America is the land of modem medical technology, skilled surgeons, miracle medicines, and state-of-the-art medical facilities. It is also the land where access to even adequate health care is not available to all. In this article, I will look at the health issues that affect women of color, a group of Americans disfavored by virtue of their sex and racial or ethnic background. What are their health issues? And how are these issues connected with other concerns of the communities of people of color around the country? By placing them in this context, I hope to make visible the issues of women who are themselves barely visible in this country. I will then address the issue of the limited research on health issues of women of color and
Chemical modification of human hemoglobin by antisickling concentrations of nitrogen mustard.

We have examined the alkylation of human hemoglobins A, S, and H by nitrogen mustard (HN2). Two types of adducts are formed: Alkali labile adducts, which are mostly esterified carboxyl groups easily removed by dialysis against weakly alkaline solutions, and stable alkali-resistant adducts. The stable adducts, which are responsible for the inhibition of polymerization of deoxy-HbS, do not alter the pl of hemoglobin. Higher pHs enhance the binding of HN2 to hemoglobin as does the deoxy conformation. Separation of alpha and beta globin chains reveals that more than 90% of 14 C-HN2 is bound in a stable manner to beta chains; however, peptide mapping did not yield a ninhydrin-positive, radioactive peptide because of elution of the label during this procedure. There was also evidence that about 25% of the rapidly titratable -SH groups of HbA and HbS were reacted with HN2. X-ray crystallographic study of HbA crystals revealed that beta histidines 97, 117, and 143 were reacted with HN2. In addition, the beta chain N terminus (the location of the beta 6 Val substitution in HbS) was displaced but not alkylated. By means of gelation studies with deoxy-HbS, it was found that alkylation of beta S chains inhibited gelation, whereas alkylation of alpha chains was without effect. Moreover, raising the pH during the HN2 reaction (but not during the gelation study) enhanced the inhibitory effect of HN2 on gelation. A plot of the minimum gelation concentration as a function of the pH during alkylation produced a curve that closely resembled the titration of a group with a pK near 7. This is consistent with alkylation of a histidine imidazole group. It is concluded that the stable adducts of HN2 and hemoglobin consist mainly of histidine adducts with some involvement of -SH groups from the beta 93 cysteine. In addition, the antisickling properties of HN2 are likely due to the alkylation of the beta 2 and beta 117 histidine residues that reside in the intertetrameric contact areas of the deoxy-HbS polymer.
Concomitant carotid, mesenteric and renal artery stenosis due to primary intimal fibroplasia.

AbstractWe report 2 cases of primary intimai fibroplasia involving the carotid, mesenteric and renal arteries. These patients presented with hypertension and neurological symptoms. Clinical and histologic features of neurofibromatosis or Takayasu’s arteritis were absent. In both cases successful staged carotid and renovascular reconstruction was performed. Primary intimai fibroplasia may be a more generalized process than has been considered previously.
On Building a Dental School

Louis Pasteur said: “Chance favors only the prepared mind.” Throughout my life, I’ve been fortunate to encounter opportunities that I never could have imagined. Growing up in Virginia, there was never any doubt that I would go to college. My parents, James and Elizabeth Button, were raised during the Great Depression and had an indefatigable work ethic and a staunch commitment to ensuring that my brothers and I had every opportunity for formal education. At our mother’s funeral, my brother David spoke eloquently about how he, my brother Gilbert (Gibby), and I went to college and graduate and professional school on Elizabeth C. Button scholarships, as our mother worked outside of the home so that she could guarantee that her children had the educational opportunities she did not have. Growing up we would have never imagined I would be involved in building a new dental school.
Health Measurement, Industry, and Science

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are now common endpoints in clinical trials. In 2009 in an effort to standardize and streamline their use in medical product labeling, the FDA published FDA Guidance for Industry Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. This publication drew attention to the need to ensure that PROMs are methodologically sound. Nonetheless, in this paper I discuss how many of these measures continue to fall short in terms of validity, interpretability, and responsiveness. As a reaction to these shortcomings, researchers increasingly call for the development of more scientific measures. I argue that although improving PROMs’ measurement properties is a worthy endeavor, we should not be uncritical of these attempts. Calling for improved measures in the name of science should not blind us to the way that even our best measures employ values in their development—values that may further the marketing needs of industry. When values are needed to further our scientific ends, it behooves us to examine them in terms of their social consequences. Thus I argue that we ought to consider not only the scientific advances that new PROMs may bring but also the values that are used to develop them.
A mechanically coupled reaction-diffusion model that incorporates intra-tumoural heterogeneity to predict in vivo glioma growth.

While gliomas have been extensively modelled with a reaction–diffusion (RD) type equation it is most likely an oversimplification. In this study, three mathematical models of glioma growth are developed and systematically investigated to establish a framework for accurate prediction of changes in tumour volume as well as intra-tumoural heterogeneity. Tumour cell movement was described by coupling movement to tissue stress, leading to a mechanically coupled (MC) RD model. Intra-tumour heterogeneity was described by including a voxel-specific carrying capacity (CC) to the RD model. The MC and CC models were also combined in a third model. To evaluate these models, rats ( n = 14) with C6 gliomas were imaged with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging over 10 days to estimate tumour cellularity. Model parameters were estimated from the first three imaging time points and then used to predict tumour growth at the remaining time points which were then directly compared to experimental data. The results in this work demonstrate that mechanical–biological effects are a necessary component of brain tissue tumour modelling efforts. The results are suggestive that a variable tissue carrying capacity is a needed model component to capture tumour heterogeneity. Lastly, the results advocate the need for additional effort towards capturing tumour-to-tissue infiltration.
TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) in the maintenance of gut microbiota and autoimmune disease susceptibility

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonism is therapeutic for some inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. However, TNF blockade inexplicably exacerbates CNS autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis. We now demonstrate that selective TNFR2 deficiency augments spontaneous autoimmunity in female, but not male, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)–specific 2D2 TCR transgenic mice. Disease in TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice correlates with CNS lymphocyte infiltration and increased myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–induced IL-17, IFN-γ, and IgG2b production. Attenuated disease in TNF −/− 2D2 mice relative to TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice identified distinctive roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2. Antibiotic treatment eliminated spontaneous autoimmunity in TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice to suggest a role for gut microbiota. Illumina sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA identified a distinct microbiota profile in male TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice that associated with disease protection. While Akkermansia muciniphila , Sutterella sp., Oscillospira sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens , and Anaeroplasma sp. were selectively more abundant in male TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice, Bacteroides sp., Bacteroides uniformis , and Parabacteroides sp. were more abundant in affected female TNFR2 −/− 2D2 mice. Overall, selective TNFR2 blockade appears to target commensal bacteria–host immune dysbiosis to potentiate autoimmunity in genetically susceptible female mice. Under this paradigm, microbes likely contribute to an individual’s response to anti-TNF therapy. This model provides a foundation for host immune–microbiota-directed measures for the prevention and treatment of CNS-demyelinating autoimmune disorders.
Implementing a Violence Risk Screening Protocol in a Civil Psychiatric Setting: Preliminary Results and Clinical Policy Implications

Comprehensive violence risk assessment can require substantial time and resources, which may be challenging for an already strapped public mental health system. Herein, we describe a naturalistic study of the Fordham Risk Screening Tool (“FRST”), a violence risk screening instrument designed to quickly identify individuals for whom thorough violence risk assessment would be advisable. All patients admitted to one of three state hospitals during the study period received FRST screening and HCR-20V3 risk assessment. The FRST reliably and accurately identified individuals deemed high risk by the HCR-20V3. The implications of these findings, and the broader clinical policy choices are reviewed.
Naturally-Occurring Canine Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: A Model for Emerging Therapies.

The development of targeted therapies and the resurgence of immunotherapy offer enormous potential to dramatically improve the outlook for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). Optimization of these therapies, however, is crucial as only a minority of patients achieve dramatic remission, and toxicities are common. With the complexities of the therapies, and the growing list of possible drug combinations to test, highly relevant animal models are needed to assess and select the most promising approaches to carry forward into human trials. The animal model(s) should possess key features that dictate success or failure of cancer drugs in humans including tumor heterogeneity, genetic-epigenetic crosstalk, immune cell responsiveness, invasive and metastatic behavior, and molecular subtypes (e.g., luminal, basal). While it may not be possible to create these collective features in experimental models, these features are present in naturally-occurring InvUC in pet dogs. Naturally occurring canine InvUC closely mimics muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans in regards to cellular and molecular features, molecular subtypes, biological behavior (sites and frequency of metastasis), and response to therapy. Clinical treatment trials in pet dogs with InvUC are considered a win-win scenario; the individual dog benefits from effective treatment, the results are expected to help other dogs, and the findings are expected to translate to better treatment outcomes in humans. This review will provide an overview of canine InvUC, the similarities to the human condition, and the potential for dogs with InvUC to serve as a model to predict the outcomes of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in humans.
Systematic Screens in Zebrafish Shed Light on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Complex Brain Phenotypes

Abstract Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of genetic variants associated with complex brain disorders including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression, as well as addiction. Understanding how these variants might contribute to the etiology of diseases remains a daunting challenge and requires a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic basis underlying complex brain phenotypes. In this chapter, we discuss how systematic screening approaches in the vertebrate genetic model organism the zebrafish, Danio rerio , which use both forward and reverse genetic methods to introduce genetic alterations followed by phenotype-based screening, might provide insights. In addition to induced alterations, naturally existing variations represent another source that can enrich phenotype-based gene discovery.
Esophageal Deviation During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Clinical Experience With a Dedicated Esophageal Balloon Retractor

AbstractObjectives: The goal of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of a novel esophageal balloon retractor (DV8) for MED during PVI.Background: The authors previously showed tha...
Cholesterol and lipids in depression: stress, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and inflammation/immunity.

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on lipid profiles in depression, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and the ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (atherogenic index). Most of the data that examined depressive symptoms and lipid profile levels have been from the community studies performed in different countries by the self-related depression scales. Most of these studies were performed by psychiatrists according to specific clinical criteria in psychiatric inpatients or outpatients, or in patients admitted for general health screening. Because depression is a major factor in most suicides, investigating the association between low serum-cholesterol levels and suicide may be important. There are many interactions among stress, lipid profiles, cortisone/HPA axis, and inflammation/immunity. In addition to lipid profiles and depression, one must investigate the relationships among lipid profiles and stress, cortisone/HPA axis, and inflammation/immunity. Some biological markers in cardiovascular disease are also used in the study of renal disease and diabetes, and could similarly be applied to the study of major depression. In addition, the influence of antipsychotics and antidepressants on the human body should be considered. Identifying the important links among physical illness, depression, and biological markers will be very important in the future, as many diseases have overlapping pathophysiology aspects. Perhaps better methods will be developed to help resolve these diffcult problems. However, the exact relationships among lipid metabolisms, HPA axis, immune abnormalities in major depression, and medical illness are still unknown.