cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability Effects on Great Lakes Evaporation

Abstract The effects of atmospheric stability on Great Lakes evaporation computed by the modified mass transfer method have been evaluated by analysis of stability effects on the variable mass transfer coefficient, land to lake data adjustments, and ice-cover reduction of evaporation during winter. The Great Lakes which produce extreme results, Lakes Superior and Erie, and a much smaller water body within the Great Lakes chain, Lake St. Clair, were studied. Comparison of these evaporation estimates with previous studies, which excluded variable stability effects, shows that the previous studies of Lake Superior produced generally similar total annual water loss from the lake, but significantly overestimated both the seasonal high evaporation and the condensation rates. These tended to balance each other. The atmospheric conditions over Lakes Erie and St. Clair do not become as strongly stable and they normally do not exhibit large condensation. Previous evaporation studies for these lakes indicate generally higher evaporation rates, with significant overestimation of the total annual water losses (25%).
A.C. testing at Project UHV yields useful corona data

Project UHV (ultra-high voltage) was initiated by the US Electric Research Council in 1967 to study overhead transmission lines with alternating voltages in excess of 1000 kV. Project UHV evolved from Project UHV, the research facility built and funded by General Electric (US) in the period from 1958 to 1964 to provide data for extra-high-voltage transmission in the 400–750 kV range. In the first stage of the project, from 1967 to 1973, a single-phase test line was constructed and energised to define the problems and assess the study priorities. In 1973, Project UHV was transferred to the jurisdiction of the US Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). A broad spectrum of subjects vital to the design of u.h.v. lines have been studied since. These include air-gap strength, Insulator contamination, switching surge flashover, field effects and corona. This article will discuss some of the results of the corona studies on the prototype transmission line
Comparison of atmospheric nitrous acid measurements by annular denuder and differential optical absorption systems

As part of the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS), nitrous acid (HONO) measurements were made at Long Beach, CA during the period 11 November–12 December 1987, using two distinctly different techniqes. One of these, the annular denuder method (ADM), used two denuders in tandem, coated with an alkaline medium to obtain 4- or 6-h integrated measurements. A small FEP Tefloncoated glass cyclone preceded the denuders to exclude coarse particles while minimizing loss or artifactual formation of HONO. Nitrite recoveries from the rear denuder were used to correct for sampling artifacts. In the second method, 15 min average HONO concentrations were measured with a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) coupled to a 25 m basepath, open multiple reflection system operated at a total optical path of 800 m. Period-averaged HONO concentrations from the two techniques were highly correlated (r = 0.94), with DOAS results averaging about 10% higher. However, ADM results were biased high at low HONO concentrations. HONO and NO concentrations showed a significant, positive correlation (r = 0.8), consistent with a common emission source (e.g. auto exhaust) for the two pollutants.
Computer simulation of bunch lengthening in spear

Abstract A technique is developed for computer simulation of bunch lengthening in e + −e − storage rings. This technique is applied to SPEAR, and the results are in agreement with data.
Temporal Rules Regulating Affiliative Vocal Exchanges of Squirrel Monkeys

All contact calls (chuck vocalizations) occurring in a group of ten captive squirrel monkeys were recorded over 200 minutes. The temporal distribution of inter-chuck intervals was bimodal, with one peak at short intervals (0.1-0.2 sec) and another peak at relatively longer intervals (1.4-1.5 sec). Sequalae analysis revealed that in two consecutive chucks separated by intervals longer than 0.5 sec, the following call took place independently of the preceding chuck. If two chucks occurred at intervals of 0.5 sec or less, on the other hand, the following caller vocalized in response to the preceding vocalization. The results indicate that if squirrel monkeys intend to respond to chucks given by others, they should do so within the next 0.5 sec. Otherwise, they should not vocalize during that period. This temporal rule allows the animals to determine whether a caller of the following chuck really responds to the preceding call or not, when two chucks are heard consecutively.
Protection against reticuloendotheliosis virus-strain T tumours is associated with JMV-1 culture supernatant-enhanced natural killer cell activity.

Summary One‐day‐old chicks were inoculated intraperitoneally with cell‐free JMV‐1 culture supernatant and were subsequently challenged with a lethal dose of RECC‐CU60 tumour cells at either 7 or 12 days of age. A significant reduction in mortality was evidenced in chicks that had been inoculated with JMV‐1 culture supernatant prior to RECC‐CU60 tumour cell challenge at 12 days of age, compared with all other treatment groups. Reducing the serum content of JMV‐1 culture medium or changing the base medium in which the JMV‐1 cells were grown did not affect the reduction in mortality, demonstrating that the protective effects against RECC‐CU60 tumour cell challenge were a result of factors secreted into the culture medium by JMV‐1 cells. Development of natural killer (NK) cell activity correlated with findings in the RECC‐CU60 tumour cell challenge studies. Inoculation of 1‐day‐old chicks with JMV‐1 culture supernatant resulted in a significant increase in NK cell activity in spleens taken from JMV‐1 inoculat...
A timely and necessary antidote to indirect methods and so-called P-wave FWI

A central purpose of this article is to bring an alternative voice, perspective, and understanding to the latest geophysical stampede, technical bubble, and self-proclaimed seismic cure-all, the so-called “full-waveform inversion” or FWI. If you think this is exaggerated, I refer to the advertisement/announcement of the 2013 SEG Workshop on FWI whose opening line is, “Full-waveform inversion has emerged as the final and ultimate solution to the Earth resolution and imaging objective.”
Automatic recognition of partially occluded objects

Machine recognition of partially occluded objects is essential for any realistic automatic object recognition (AOR) system. This important problem however, has been mostly ignored by the researchers and developers of AOR systems. Due to this lack of attention very little work is done even in the formulation of the problem and much less for its solution. In this paper I attempt to analyze the occlusion problem, define its various categories, and to present an approach for its solution in some of these categories. I also present some of the empirical results of the implementation of the approach on real imagery. These results have been very encouraging so far. However, more work is definitely needed to be done for the resolution of this problem.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biologically inspired strategies for combating bacterial biofilms

Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are a significant global health problem, causing considerable patient morbidity and mortality and contributing to the economic burden of infectious disease. This review describes diverse strategies to combat bacterial biofilms, focusing firstly on small molecule interference with bacterial communication and signaling pathways, including quorum sensing and two-component signal transduction systems. Secondly we discuss enzymatic approaches to the degradation of extracellular matrix components to effect biofilm dispersal. Both of these approaches are based upon non-microbicidal mechanisms of action, and thereby do not place a direct evolutionary pressure on the bacteria to develop resistance. Such approaches have the potential to, in combination with conventional antibiotics, play an important role in the eradication of biofilm based bacterial infections.
BAYESIAN IRT MODELS INCORPORATING GENERAL AND SPECIFIC ABILITIES

IRT-based models with a general ability and several specific ability dimensions are useful. Studies have looked at item response models where the general and specific ability dimensions form a hierarchical structure. It is also possible that the general and specific abilities directly underlie all test items. A multidimensional IRT model with such an additive structure is proposed under the Bayesian framework. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate parameter recovery as well as model comparisons. A real data example is also provided. The results suggest that the proposed additive model offers a better way to represent the test situations not realized in existing models.
A description of resonant raman scattering ln hemeproteins: Cytochrome-c

Abstract A description of the resonance Raman scattering of hemeproteins from 200 cm−1 to 3000 cm−1 is given in terms of a vibronic analysis of the resonant states including non Born—Oppenheimer contributions. The spectrum of reduced cytochrome-c is used to illustrate the basic principles including the influence of the absorption lineshape on the resonance behavior. The appearance of combinations and overtones is discussed as is the possibility of attributing certain low frequency peaks to anti-Stokes scattering in the Stokes region of the spectra.
PNP[O(log n)] and sparse turing-complete sets for NP

PNP[O(log n)] is the class of languages recognizable by deterministic polynomial time machines that make O(log n) queries to an oracle for NP. Our main result is that if there exists a sparse set S ϵ NP such that co-NP ( NPs, then the polynomial hierarchy (PH) is contained in PNP[O(log n)]. Thus if there exists a sparse ⩾PT-complete set for NP, PH ( PNP[O(log n)]. We show that this collapse is optimal by showing for any function f (n) that is o(log n), there exists a relativized world where NP has a sparse ⩾PT-complete set and yet PNP[O(log n)] (/ PNP[f(n)]. We also discuss complete problems for PNP[O(log n)] and show languages related to the optimum solution size of Clique and K-SAT are ⩾Pm-complete. In related research, we investigate when the class of languages ⩾Pm-reducible to a set C equals PC[O(log n)]. We obtain results that allow us to prove that if DP is closed under complementation, then PNP[O(log n)] = DP.
Serotonergic effects on feeding, but not hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal secretion, are altered in ovine pregnancy

In ovine pregnancy, as in human pregnancy, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity is chronically increased. These studies were designed to test the hypotheses that expression of serotonergic genes and responsiveness to serotonin are increased in pregnancy. We tested the stimulatory effect of an acute, intracerebroventricular injection of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine on plasma ACTH and cortisol in ewes during late pregnancy or postpartum. We also tested the effect of lower-dose, longer-term stimulation by intracerebroventricular infusion of fluoxetine in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes over 6 days. Overall, we found that the stimulatory effect of fluoxetine on ACTH and cortisol was not significantly different between late-gestation and nonpregnant ewes, although the effect of acute fluoxetine administration was inversely related to plasma progesterone concentrations. Also, there were no differences in hypothalamic expression of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, corticotropin-releasing hormone, AVP, the serotonin reuptake transporter, or the serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A with pregnancy or fluoxetine treatment. However, chronic fluoxetine infusion reduced food intake in the nonpregnant, but not pregnant, ewes. Expression of proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the hypothalamus was reduced in pregnant compared with nonpregnant ewes. Our results indicate that pregnancy does not increase responsiveness of ACTH and cortisol to serotonergic stimulation but, rather, that progesterone reduces the ACTH response. In addition, we found a reduced ability of serotonin to inhibit feeding in the pregnant ewes, consistent with a reduction in anorexic mechanisms in the pregnant state.
African bees in the Americas: Insights from biogeography and genetics

The spread of African honey bees in South and Central America is one of the most remarkable and certainly among the most highly publicized instances of biological invasion. Their aggressive nest defense has led to numerous stinging incidents and even deaths; aggressiveness, coupled with a tendency to abandon the nest when disturbed, has also caused serious disruption of beekeeping and pollination industries in regions that they have invaded. The rapid spread of African bees in the Americas and their recent arrival in the United States have sparked interest in development of genetic tools for identification of honeybee populations. This in turn has renewed interest in honeybee biogeography.
Applications of parallel processing to astrodynamics

Parallel processing is being used to improve the catalog of earth orbiting satellites and for problems associated with the catalog. Initial efforts centered around using SIMD parallel processors to perform debris conjunction analysis and satellite dynamics studies. More recently, the availability of cheap supercomputing processors and parallel processing software such as PVM have enabled the reutilization of existing astrodynamics software in distributed parallel processing environments, Computations once taking many days with traditional mainframes are now being performed in only a few hours. Efforts underway for the US Naval Space Command include conjunction prediction, uncorrelated target processing and a new space object catalog based on orbit determination and prediction with special perturbations methods.
Cardiac output using the saline-dilution impedance technique

The author discusses the basis for the indicator-dilution method and illustrates the use of saline to measure cardiac output accurately, along with the technique of electrical calibration of the dilution curve. He considers various indicators, showing why saline is the best for cardiac output measurements. He shows how to calibrate electrically the saline-dilution curve, and he describes two types of electrodes used to measure the curve. He cites the results of some verification studies, concluding that the advent of a catheter-tip, terapolar electrode array placed in the pulmonary artery and injection of the saline indicator into the right atrium using the same catheter, along with the electrical calibration technique, makes the saline-indicator method a serious contender for clinical use because of its high accuracy and low cost. >
Variable-range hopping and the hall coefficient in Si:As

Abstract Conductivity and Hall measurements were made on Si:As samples on the barely-insulating side of the metal-insulator transition. Both conductivity and Hall coefficient obey variable-range hopping behavior ( ln σ ∝-( T 0 / T ) 1/4 and ln R H ∝( T 0 H / T ) 1/4 , with the quantity (T 0H /T 0 ) 1/4 equal to 0.63±0.02 in the limit of low magnetic field at the critical concentration, N c . This is the first experimental verification of the theoretical predictions of Gruenewald et. al. for R H in the variable-range hopping regime. (T 0H /T 0 ) 1/4 decreases somewhat with both increasing field and decreasing donor density. The prefactor for the Hall coefficient gives a value for lim (1/NeR H ) as N→N C consistent with the corresponding results in this system on the metallic side of the transition.
Assessment of mobility, energy, and environment impacts of IntelliDrive-based Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control and Intelligent Traffic Signal control

Sustainability has become a major issue in the field of transportation and finding innovative, environmentally-friendly solutions to traditional transportation problems is the newest challenge. This paper explored the possibility of integrating new generation vehicle technologies such as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control and Intelligent Traffic Signals into the driving experience. A simulation study was conducted and the potential impacts that this change would have on vehicular mobility and the environmental impacts of driving are analyzed. The expected benefits of implementing the system described here are delay reductions by up to 91% and up to 75% reduction in fuel use, among other measures.
A prospective, randomized comparison of bovine carotid artery and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for permanent hemodialysis vascular access

Background Many patients on hemodialysis do not have adequate anatomy for native arteriovenous fistulas. In these patients, synthetic conduits remain an alternative option for permanent hemodialysis access. We sought to compare the standard cuffed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft with the bovine carotid artery (BCA) graft. Methods This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial that was set in an academic medical center. We enrolled 26 patients in the BCA group and 27 patients in the ePTFE group. Primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Complications were monitored and are reported. Results Although there was no significant difference in secondary patency rates, primary and assisted primary patency rates were significantly higher in BCA than in the ePTFE grafts (60.5% vs 10.1% and 60.5% vs 20.8% at 1 year, respectively). The BCA graft survival advantage was most profound in the upper arm grafts with significantly higher primary and assisted patency rates ( P P = .01. Conclusion The BCA graft is an excellent option for patients on hemodialysis that are not suitable for native arteriovenous fistulas, as these grafts required fewer interventions than the ePTFE grafts to maintain patency.
Pulsed magneto-acoustic imaging

Nanoparticles are attracting considerable interest as contrast agents for many different imaging modalities. Moreover, imaging the events at the cellular and molecular level is possible by using nanoparticles that have the desired targeting moiety. Unfortunately, ultrasound imaging cannot visualize the nano-structures directly due to its limited spatial resolution and contrast. We present a new technique, pulsed magneto-acoustic imaging, capable of imaging magnetic nanoparticles indirectly. In this method, a high-strength pulsed magnetic field is used to induce motion within the magnetically labeled tissue and ultrasound is used to detect internal tissue motion. Experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex-vivo animal tissues demonstrated a clear contrast between normal and iron-laden samples labeled with 5 nm magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the sensitivity of this new imaging technique was investigated for different concentrations of magnetic agents. The results of the study suggest that magnetic nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents in pulsed magneto-acoustic imaging. Furthermore, PMA imaging could become an imaging tool capable of visualizing the cellular and molecular composition of deep-lying structures.
Neonatal Outcomes After Antenatal Influenza Immunization During the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: Impact on Preterm Birth, Birth Weight, and Small for Gestational Age Birth

Background. Influenza infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes such as preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal influenza immunization may prevent these adverse infant outcomes during periods of influenza circulation. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of live births within Kaiser Permanente (KP) Georgia and Mid-Atlantic States (n = 3327) during the period of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus circulation. Primary outcomes were third-trimester preterm birth (27–36 weeks), birth weight, low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), and SGA. Results. There were 327 (9.8%) preterm, 236 (7.4%) LBW, and 267 (8.4%) SGA births. Among H1N1-vaccinated mothers (n = 1125), there were 86 (7.6%) preterm, 68 (6.4%) LBW, and 99 (9.3%) SGA births, and the mean birth weight was 3308.5 g (95% confidence interval [CI], 3276.6–3340.4). Among unvaccinated mothers (n = 1581), there were 191 (12.1%) preterm, 132 (8.8%) LBW, and 123 (8.2%) SGA births, and the mean birth weight was 3245.3 g (95% CI, 3216.5–3274.2). Infants of H1N1-vaccinated mothers had 37% lower odds of being born preterm than infants of unvaccinated mothers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, .47–.84]). The mean birth weight difference between infants of H1N1-vaccinated mothers and infants of unvaccinated mothers was 45.1 g (95% CI, 1.8–88.3). There was no significant association between maternal H1N1 influenza immunization and LBW or SGA. Conclusions. Pregnant women who received H1N1 influenza vaccine were less likely to give birth preterm, and gave birth to heavier infants. The findings support US vaccine policy choices to prioritize pregnant women during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.
Influences of moisture content, mineral content and bulk density on smouldering combustion of ponderosa pine duff mounds

When applying prescribed fire to long-unburned but fire-adapted ecosystems, fuels managers require better decision-support models to determine appropriate conditions for achieving desired effects. Prolonged combustion in duff accumulations at the base of large conifers may lead to fine root mortality, cambial injury, enhanced susceptibility to bark beetle attack, and possibly tree death. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate how moisture content, mineral content, and bulk density affect smouldering combustion in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) duff mound fuels of the south-eastern Klamath Mountains, California, USA. Samples were divided between upper and lower duff for a total of 100 burn tests. Moisture content was adjusted to observe the transition through the ignition and spread limit. Bulk density, mineral content and percentage consumption were recorded for each burn. The moisture content threshold for smouldering combustion was 57 and 102% respectively for upper and lower duff. Percentage consumption was inversely related to moisture content for both layers of duff, and partially dependent on mineral content for lower duff. Bulk density was a non-significant factor in either ignition or percentage combustion for the conditions examined here. Results from this study identify important attributes of duff that control the burning process in order to inform prescribed burning decisions.
HIGH GENETIC VARIABILITY UNDER THE BALANCE BETWEEN SYMMETRIC MUTATION AND FLUCTUATING STABILIZING SELECTION

We have studied variability maintained in a quantitative trait by the balance between symmetric mutation and direct stabilizing selection with a fluctuating optimum. Using a simulational computer model, we have found that wide fluctuations, such that the range of the optimum changes exceeds the width of the fitness curve, increase the trait variance, often by two or three orders of magnitude, over its value under constant selection. This happens because such fluctuations cause frequent allele substitutions at the loci that control the trait. At any particular moment the variance is increased mostly due to one or several loci where more than one allele is currently common. The data on fluctuating selection in nature are reviewed
Lymph Node Procedures of the Head and Neck

Likely due to the increased propensity for sun exposure, the head and neck is the most common place to develop Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Combined with the aggressive nature of the disease and proclivity of locoregional/distant spread, the lymphatic-rich area of the head and neck makes early diagnosis and treatment of MCC in this region paramount.
Bumping, Blocking and Bargaining: the Effect of Layoffs On Employees and Unions:

This paper analyzes the events leading up to the 1981 Detroit fiscal crisis in which the city was faced with the possibility of massive layoffs. This prospect initiated a variety of economic responses. Accordingly, the impact of layoffs on union behavior, job market forces, affirmative action and productivity are examined. In addition, the paper presents a model for linking layoffs to deteriorating fiscal situations in cities.
Nasolabial Soft Tissue Changes After Le Fort I Advancement

Purpose To identify the nasolabial soft tissue changes that occur after Le Fort I advancement. Materials and Methods A prospective study of patients who had Le Fort I advancement at the Children's Hospital Boston from 2005 to 2007. The pre- and postoperative anthropometeric nasolabial measurements were recorded by a single examiner. Results A total of 37 patients with a mean age of 18.6 years at the time of operation and a mean follow-up of 12.6 months were recruited. Nearly one half of the study sample (16 of 37) had cleft lip/palate. Direct anthropometry showed a reduction of the nasal length by 1.3 mm while the nasal tip protrusion increased by 1.1 mm. The nasofrontal angle decreased by 9.8° and the upper lip moved forward by 4.15 mm, reflecting the advancement in the maxilla. The height of the cutaneous upper lip increased by 0.4 mm. No significant differences were found in the soft tissue response observed between the cleft and noncleft subjects. Conclusions Le Fort I advancement produces elevation of the nasal tip, as seen by a reduction in the nasal length, an increase in the nasal tip protrusion, and a concomitant reduction in the nasofrontal angle. Additionally, the cutaneous lip height increased, most likely due to an unfurling of the upper lip.
Management of distal femoral and popliteal arterial injuries: an update

Abstract Background The management of combined arterial and musculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremity remains controversial, particularly with regard to the initial order of intervention and the use of intravascular shunting. In this study, we review the contemporary management and outcome of patients treated for acute traumatic distal femoropopliteal arterial injuries. Methods From January 2001 to January 2006, we repaired 57 acute traumatic lower-extremity arterial injuries in a level 1 trauma center. Our approach was to perform surgical revascularization without intraluminal shunting as soon as the arterial injury was recognized. There were 44 men (77%). Mean age was 31 years (range, 5-68). The mechanism of injury was blunt in 42 of 57 (74%) patients. Vascular reconstruction was achieved by using an autogenous saphenous vein graft in 52 of 57 (91%), a vein patch in 3 of 57 (5%), or primarily in 2 of 57 (4%) patients. Results The limb-salvage rate was 92% (53/57). Thirty-six patients (63%) had associated orthopedic fixation: 12 of 36 (33%) before and 24 of 36 (67%) after revascularization. Twenty-one of 57 patients (37%) had vascular repair only without orthopedic fixation. Thirty-four patients (60%) required fasciotomy. Four patients had subsequent above-knee amputation: 3 because of wound complications despite successful revascularization and 1 because of failed revascularization. There were no complications related to the arterial repairs that were performed before orthopedic fixation. Conclusion Our study shows that arterial reconstruction for acute traumatic lower-limb injuries results in a good limb-salvage rate. We advocate prompt vascular repair before orthopedic intervention for combined vascular and skeletal injuries of the lower extremity, without using intravascular shunting.
Geographic Variation in the Long Calls of Male Orangutans (Pongo spp.)

Relatively few data exist on population differences in the vocal behavior of mammals. Geographic variation in calls is of special interest because of the implications for resolving evolutionary and behavioral questions. For example, information on geographic variation in vocalizations complements morphological and molecular data used to infer phylogenetic relationships and provides evidence for the mechanisms underlying call development. A quantitative acoustic analysis of orangutan long calls was undertaken, comparing flanged adult males from four geographically distinct sites across Borneo and Sumatra, revealing consistent differences among the calls of individuals. Long calls produced by orangutans from the four sites in Borneo and Sumatra differ in quantitative acoustic measures. Discriminant function analysis reveals that acoustic variables can be used in combination to assign calls to the correct individual, site and island at rates higher than that expected by chance. Specifically, four acoustic parameters proved reliable for distinguishing among the individuals, between sites, and across the two islands that arguably represent populations from separate species or subspecies. Although Bornean and Sumatran long calls share a repetitive structure and show similar call rates (0.100–0.500 LCs/h) and maximum frequency bands (0.400–1.500 kHz), they differ significantly in the number of pulses per call, call speed, call duration, bandwidth, pulse duration, and dominant frequency. Strong consistency in these acoustic parameters is also seen among males within sites and the observed variation may allow for individual recognition. Individual identification by call structure presumably benefits dispersed orangutans, where individuals characteristically forage independently and both encounters and interactions with signaling males are highly variable and largely dependent on context. Acoustic recognition of callers facilitates the choice of which males to join or avoid, thus allowing receivers to manipulate potential costs and benefits of association.
Relationship of coronary-prone behavior and irrational beliefs in college-age and older males.

Summa~y.-Coronary-prone (Pattern A) behavior is considered a generalized strategy to control suess. Irrational beliefs are also generalized expectancies regarding the nature of social and physical stressors. Therapy designed to modify irrational beliefs has been applied in the treatment of coronary-prone behavior, but there has been no demonstration of the relationship between irrational beliefs and coronary-prone behavior. College-age and older males completed the Jenkins Activity Scale and the Irrational Beliefs Test. The data showed that High Self-expectations, Problem Avoidance, and Dependency were negatively correlated with Pattern A behavior for college-age males. Older males showed only a negative correlation between Problem Avoidance and coronary-prone behavior. Contrary to expectation no irrational beliefs were positively correlated with coronary-prone behavior. The conceptual and methodological implications for cognitive modification of Pattern A behavior are discussed. In addition to medical 'risk factors, there is a separate factor in coronary heart disease: Pattern A behavior (Brand, 1978). The behavioral risk factor is seen in individuals who "are engaged in a relatively chronic strz~ggle to obtain an anlimited number of poorly defined things from their environment in the shortest period of time, and if necessary against the opposing effects of other things or persons in the same environment" (Friedman, Byers, Diamant, & Rosenman, 1975). Pattern A persons show impatience with time limitations, high levels of job involvement, hard-driving accomplishment orientation, and hostility when thwarted in goal attainment (Jenkins, Roseaman, & Zyzanski, 1974). Pattern A behavior is believed to represent a well learned complex of behaviors, which are a response to physical and social stressors. The physiological reaction to stress in Pattern A persons is substantially different from the reaction in Pattern B persons (Friedman, et al., 1975). In addition, the reaction to suess is greater in Pattern A individuals (Caplan & Jones, 1975). Glass (1978) suggests that the most salient feature of the stressor involves real or perceived lack of control over the aversive stimulus. Glass ( 1978) has found a pattern of hyperresponsiveness to moderately aversive stimuli associated with effective escape and avoidance learning. However, when the salience (aversiveness) of the stimulus is high or when the stimulus becomes uncon
Retrotransposons and pseudogenes regulate mRNAs and lncRNAs via the piRNA pathway in the germline

The eukaryotic genome has vast intergenic regions containing transposons, pseudogenes, and other repetitive sequences. They produce numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), yet the functions of the vast intergenic regions remain largely unknown. Mammalian piRNAs are abundantly expressed from the spermatocyte to round spermatid stage, coinciding with the widespread expression of lncRNAs in these cells. Here, we show that piRNAs derived from transposons and pseudogenes mediate the degradation of a large number of mRNAs and lncRNAs in mouse late spermatocytes. In particular, they have a large impact on the lncRNA transcriptome, as a quarter of lncRNAs expressed in late spermatocytes are up-regulated in mice deficient in the piRNA pathway. Furthermore, our genomic and in vivo functional analyses reveal that retrotransposon sequences in the 3' UTR of mRNAs are targeted by piRNAs for degradation. Similarly, the degradation of spermatogenic cell-specific lncRNAs by piRNAs is mediated by retrotransposon sequences. Moreover, we show that pseudogenes regulate mRNA stability via the piRNA pathway. The degradation of mRNAs and lncRNAs by piRNAs requires PIWIL1 (also known as MIWI) and, at least in part, depends on its slicer activity. Together, these findings reveal the presence of a highly complex and global RNA regulatory network mediated by piRNAs with retrotransposons and pseudogenes as regulatory sequences.
Achieving targeted granulocyte differentiation through the use of interpolation and optimization techniques

Cellular differentiation is a complex process for which systematic design of control strategies has not been widely investigated. As a first step towards this aim, a control strategy for achieving a desired percentage of differentiating cells is proposed. A population balance model structure parallels the known granulocyte/monocyte differentiation pathway. Transition rate functions that characterize the movement of cells from one differentiation state to the next were identified from experimental data obtained via flow cytometry. An additional experiment demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed model and control strategy.
Story Planning as Exploratory Creativity: Techniques for Expanding the Narrative Search Space

The authoring of fictional stories is considered a creative process. The purpose of most story authoring is not to invent a new style or genre of story that will be accepted by the population but to invent a single narrative that is novel enough to be tellable. Computational story generation systems are more limited than human authors in the space of narratives that can be considered because it is often the case that story generation systems are constrained to operate within a fixed representation of the story world. These limitations can impact whether a story generation system is considered creative or not. In this paper, we describe a story planning system, Fabulist. Fabulist however is constrained by the world model input by the system user. We present two algorithms that enable story planning systems such as Fabulist to break outside the bounds of the initial world model in order to search a larger space of narratives.
Public and private production in a two-sector economy

Abstract We develop a two-sector growth model in which there are conventional profit-maximizing private firms, together with “public firms”, whose objective is to produce a specified quantity of government investment goods – determined by government policy – at minimum cost. We characterize the equilibrium dynamics, and analyze a variety of fiscal disturbances, by simulating a calibrated economy. The effects of different policies, normalized in terms of their impact on the government’s intertemporal deficit, are compared. We find that the effects of tax policies are robust with respect to the relative capital intensities of the two productive sectors. However, the effects of government investment are much more sensitive to this aspect.
University of California, Irvine–Pathology Extraction Pipeline: The pathology extraction pipeline for information extraction from pathology reports

We describe Pathology Extraction Pipeline (PEP)--a new Open Health Natural Language Processing pipeline that we have developed for information extraction from pathology reports, with the goal of populating the extracted data into a research data warehouse. Specifically, we have built upon Medical Knowledge Analysis Tool pipeline (MedKATp), which is an extraction framework focused on pathology reports. Our particular contributions include additional customization and development on MedKATp to extract data elements and relationships from cancer pathology reports in richer detail than at present, an abstraction layer that provides significantly easier configuration of MedKATp for extraction tasks, and a machine-learning-based approach that makes the extraction more resilient to deviations from the common reporting format in a pathology reports corpus. We present experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our pipeline for information extraction in a real-world task, demonstrating performance improvement due to our approach for increasing extractor resilience to format deviation, and finally demonstrating the scalability of the pipeline across pathology reports for different cancer types.
Primary cardiac pheochromocytoma.

![Figure][1] A 50-year-old woman with a history of prior resection of an abdominal pheochromocytoma presented with hypercalcemia and hypertension. Several relatives had been previously diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the interatrial
Physics considerations for single-isocenter, volumetric modulated arc radiosurgery for treatment of multiple intracranial targets

Abstract Objective Our purpose was to address challenges associated with single-isocenter radiosurgery for multiple intracranial targets (SIRMIT) including increased sensitivity to rotational uncertainties (resulting from distance of the targets from isocenter) as well as potential for decreased plan quality from larger multileaf collimator width >4 cm from isocenter. Methods and materials We evaluated the effect that a 6 degrees-of-freedom couch correction had on localization uncertainty for SIRMIT using thermoplastic mask immobilization. Required setup margin was determined from rotation of the skull and mask (setup kV cone beam computed tomography relative to planning computed tomography). Intraoperational margin was determined from skull rotation within the mask (difference between pre- and posttreatment cone beam computed tomography). We also investigated 4 isocenter placement strategies: volume centroid, centroid of equally weighted points (1 per target), centroid of points weighted by inverse of volume, and Eclipse's built-in method. Results When no 6 degrees-of-freedom couch correction is performed after initial setup, a 0.35-mm margin is required per centimeter of target-isocenter separation to account for 95% of rotational uncertainties at initial setup. This margin is reduced to 0.10 mm/cm of target-isocenter separation to account for intraoperative rotational uncertainties when the initial setup uncertainty is eliminated via image guided 6 degrees-of-freedom couch correction. Analysis of 11 multitarget plans (37 targets) showed that conformity index and gradient index improved with decreasing distance from isocenter, this trend being more pronounced for targets Conclusions Rotational corrections via image guidance are necessary for SIRMIT with a thermoplastic mask for immobilization. There is a clear tradeoff between dosimetric quality of small and large targets that should be considered carefully when placing the isocenter.
Lats/Tsab: Then And Now

Thirty years ago a description of the clinical syndrome of Graves’ disease was similar to that which would be written
La tecnología del jade: explotación, técnicas de manufactura, talleres especializados

La elaboracion de artefactos de jade fue un proceso largo y laborioso que consto de varias etapas tecnologicas e incluyo diversos instrumentos. Lamentablemente, en muchos casos el registro arqueologico es, en pocas palabras, muy escaso para permitir la identificacion de esas tecnologias e instrumentos. Sin embargo, los datos etnohistoricos, arqueologicos y experimentales, en conjunto, pueden emplearse para identificar, describir e interpretar los procesos materiales y sociales relacionados con la produccion de jade en la antigua Mesoamerica.
Integrating optics and micro-fluidic channels using femtosecond laser irradiation

The ability to integrate micro-channels for fluid transport with optical elements is attractive for the development of compact and portable chip-based sensors. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing (FLDW) in transparent materials is a powerful tool for the fabrication of such integrated devices. We demonstrate the use of FLDW to fabricate coupled micro-fluidic channels and optical waveguides towards an integrated sensing device for molecular detection. Waveguides were directly written into the host material and channels were formed by modifying the molecular structure through FLDW followed by wet chemical etching. Multiple host materials including chalcogenide glasses for IR detection are discussed.
Studies on Sensitization. III. Skin Sensitivity in the Absence of Serum Precipitins

It is generally assumed that the tissue hypersensitiveness which follows repeated injections in rabbits of substances protein in nature, is accompanied by the presence of serum precipitins in these animals. Opie1 claims that the local inflammatory response in sensitized animals is due to the meeting of the serum precipitin with the antigen in the tissues. In our studies, we have constantly found serum precipitins to accompany skin sensitivity in the early weeks of sensitization. But with time, especially after a lapse of several months following the initial sensitization of the rabbits, skin sensitivity is frequently present in the total absence of serum precipitins. The accompanying table gives an illustration of such findings.Studies now in progress indicate that sensitization following injection of protein, frequently precedes by a few days the appearance of serum precipitins. Soon, the latter reach a high level—even up to 1:1,000,000 dilution, or higher—the skin sensitivity titer usually lagging. Shor...
Attractiveness of Lightning-Struck Ponderosa Pine Trees to Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Frequent summer thunderstorms in the northern Rocky Mountains are characterized by numerous discharges of lightning between clouds and between clouds and the earth. About one-third of all the discharges contact the earth in mountainous country, usually on exposed, rocky ridgetops. Not uncommonly these discharges strike either living trees, the crowns of which project above the general canopy of dense forests, or isolated trees in more open stands. This paper reports observations made by the author in connection with a recent study in Montana of mortality factors in old-growth ponderosa pine forests. This study of mortality factors showed lightning to be directly responsible for killing 3.8% of all pine trees killed, or 7.3% of the commercial board-foot volume of all trees killed by all rapid-killing factors measured.
Acetabular distraction: an alternative for severe acetabular bone loss and chronic pelvic discontinuity

Acetabular bone loss is a challenging problem facing the revision total hip replacement surgeon. Reconstruction of the acetabulum depends on the presence of anterosuperior and posteroinferior pelvic column support for component fixation and stability. The Paprosky classification is most commonly used when determining the location and degree of acetabular bone loss. Augments serve the function of either providing primary construct stability or supplementary fixation. When a pelvic discontinuity is encountered we advocate the use of an acetabular distraction technique with a jumbo cup and modular porous metal acetabular augments for the treatment of severe acetabular bone loss and associated chronic pelvic discontinuity.
Increased Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at high risk for ischemic stroke. To investigate the physiological basis for this risk, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in treatment-naive asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects and controls. Methods In treatment-naive asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects and age-, gender-, and race-matched controls, OEF was measured by MRI asymmetric spin–echo echo-planar imaging sequences and CBF was measured by MRI pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Results Twenty-six treatment-naive HIV-infected subjects and 27 age-, gender-, race-matched controls participated. Whole-brain, gray matter (GM), and white matter OEF were not different between the groups (all P > .70). Unexpectedly, HIV-infected subjects had significantly higher CBF in cortical GM (72.9 ± 16.2 mL/100 g/min versus 63.9 ± 9.9 mL/100 g/min; P = .01) but not in subcortical GM ( P = .25). Conclusions The observed increase in cortical GM CBF in treatment-naive HIV-infected subjects is unexpected, contrary to CBF decreases reported in HIV-infected subjects on treatment, and may represent an initial increase in metabolic activity due to an HIV-mediated inflammation.
A geographic cluster of testicular seminomas.

AbstractThere have been many reports of space-time clusters of patients with Hodgkin’s disease, childhood leukemia and Burkitt’s lymphoma. We present a tight space cluster of 4 men with pathologically confirmed testicular seminomas. None of the men had any known reason to be at increased risk for testicular cancer. They all lived in the same immediate neighborhood for at least 7 years. There were 2 sources of potential carcinogens in the area. It is concluded that testicular cancer may have developed in these men as a result of exposure to environmental carcinogens.
Retailer Branding Through Excellence in Service

An important trend in the retail paradigm is the reinvention of service–value orientation embedded in retail business to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. Given that consumers’ shopping at stores is “experiential shopping” (Kim et al. 2007), delivering unique, satisfactory service experiences to customers is the key issue in retailing today. Indeed, the focus of a differentiation approach in the retail industry has shifted from diverse product offerings to “excellent services”.
Radiateurs en cuivre et laiton à haute performance

This paper shows that well designed copper/brass radiators can compete in weight with brazed aluminium radiators of identical thermal capacity. The use of fins with reduced thickness (25 μm instead of standard 38 to 46 mm) diminues weight and lowers the pressure reduction airside. Recently developed coatings increase fins corrosion resistance. A new design of the exchanger beam with no space needed between tubes brings a reduced height in the air direction.
Quercetin and Quercetin-Rich Red Onion Extract Alter Pgc-1α Promoter Methylation and Splice Variant Expression.

Pgc-1α and its various isoforms may play a role in determining skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in response to diet. 8 wks of dietary supplementation with the flavonoid quercetin (Q) or red onion extract (ROE) in a high fat diet (HFD) ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/J mice while upregulating Pgc-1α and increasing skeletal muscle mitochondrial number and function. Here, mice were fed a low fat (LF), high fat (HF), high fat plus quercetin (HF