cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diversity-multiplexing-tradeoff-optimal 2-user scheduling in an M-user Gaussian multiple-access channel

The problem of user scheduling in a Gaussian i.i.d. Rayleigh faded multiple-access channel (MAC) is considered, whereby the receiver uses perfect knowledge of the channels of all the transmitters to select and schedule two-out-of-M users. The transmitters are assumed to have one antenna each and the two selected users are allocated equal rates. The receiver is equipped with N r antennas. For user selection that is based on minimizing outage probability (say via an exhaustive search over (M over 2)possibilities), the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of the corresponding outage probability is computed. Moreover, a novel user-selection algorithmis proposed that achieves the same DMT as does the minimum outage probability method, but with only a O(M) complexity instead of O(M2) required for an exhaustive search to minimize outage probability. The DMT optimality of the proposed algorithm is also proved for 2-user scheduling in the dual M-user Gaussian broadcast channel assuming availability of global channel state information. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves an outage probability close to that of the exhaustive search.
Computational modeling of the baroreflex arc: nucleus tractus solitarius

In this study, we examine the utility of computational modeling in understanding nervous system function. We start by examining the reasons for, and major approaches to, computational modeling. We then chose a modeling approach and applied different variations to understanding nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neuronal responses to various baroreceptive stimuli. We examine the results in light of our objectives and with regard to the known parameters of the system under investigation. Our results demonstrate that modeling can be a useful tool in analysis of (and examination of underlying mechanisms for) NTS behavior on many levels.
Differential tumor necrosis factor production by human monocyte subsets

The human monocyte (M phi subset rosetting with anti RH-coated human erythrocytes via high-affinity, 72 kD receptors (FcRI+), contains the PGE2-producing immunosuppressive subpopulation, while the non-rosetting M phi subset (FcRI-) is the major plasminogen activator-producing and antigen-presenting M phi. This study gives additional evidence for the functional disparity of the FcRI- and FcRI+ M phi subsets. We are demonstrating that the normal human M phi subset isolated by rosetting via the FcRI receptor (FcRI+) produces greater quantities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) than the non-rosetting (FcRI-) M phi. TNF production by the FcRI+ M phi subset is greater than that of the FcRI- M phi subset whether secreted (P less than .001) or cell-associated (P less than .001) TNF is assessed. The rosetting M phi subset that expresses high densities of FcRI (FcRI+) produced the majority of normal human peripheral blood M phi TNF whether the stimulation was an interferon gamma (IFN gamma) prime followed by MDP or followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2). The Fc rosetting technique itself resulted in some TNF induction in the FcRI+ M phi subset accounting for some of the increased TNF production of this subset. However, increasing the stimulation level of the FcRI very-low-density (FcRI-) M phi subset did not induce it to produce TNF levels equivalent to the moderately stimulated FcRI+ M phi subset. These data, therefore, imply that only stimulation through the type I Fc gamma receptor can augment or induce TNF activity. The difference in the M phi subset's TNF response remained even after the FcRI- M phi subset received a 2.5-fold increase in stimulation with the classical M phi induction regimen of IFN gamma plus bacterial cell wall product. Although stimulation of the FcRI+ M phi subset via crosslinking of their FcRI receptors might represent a unique TNF stimulation pathway, this stimulation does not occur in the low-density FcRI (FcRI-) M phi subset, again indicating functional disparity between these subsets. Greater TNF production by the FcRI+ M phi subset was induced concomitant to elevation of its prostaglandin E2 production. Since both TNF and PGE2 are increased in some patient groups, a pathological shift in the FcRI+ versus FcRI- M phi ratio in these patients coupled to the functional differences in FcRI+ and FcRI- M phi subsets could be one mechanism for the development of immunoincompetence.
Programmable end system services using SIP

In Internet telephony, end systems can take a much larger role in providing services than in traditional telephone systems. We analyze the importance of end system services and describe the services and the service logic execution environment (SLEE) implemented in out SIP user agent, SIPC. Since we believe that end system services differ in their requirements from network services, we define a new service creation scripting language call language for end system services (LESS). Compared with other service creation languages, LESS is extensible, can be easily understood by non-programmers and contains commands and events for direct user interaction and the control of media applications.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Hemodialysis

Summary Background and objectives Recent understanding of extrarenal production of calcitriol has led to the exploration of native vitamin D treatment in dialysis patients. This paper reports the pharmacokinetics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to 10,333 IU cholecalciferol given weekly in subjects on chronic dialysis. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 15 weeks of oral cholecalciferol in subjects with stage 5 CKD requiring maintenance hemodialysis was conducted from November of 2007 to March of 2010. The time course of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured over the course of treatment. Additionally, blood was drawn at baseline and last visit for calcium, phosphorus, calcitriol, and parathyroid hormone levels. Results The median (interquartile range) baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 13.3 (11.1–16.2) ng/ml for the treatment group and 15.2 (10.7–19.9) ng/ml for the placebo group. 25-hydroxyvitamin D steady state levels rose by 23.6 (19.2–29.9) ng/ml in the treatment group, and there was no change in the placebo group. Calcitriol levels also increased significantly in the treatment group. There were no significant changes in levels of calcium, albumin, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone in either group. Conclusions Cholecalciferol (10,333 IU) given weekly in patients on chronic hemodialysis produces a steady state in 25-hydroxyvitamin D of approximately 24 ng/ml.
Anxiety in liver X receptor β knockout female mice with loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in adolescents in the United States. Female adolescents are more likely than males to be affected with anxiety disorders, but less likely to have behavioral and substance abuse disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and dorsal raphe are known to be involved in anxiety disorders. Inhibitory input from the PFC to the amygdala controls fear and anxiety typically originating in the amygdala, and disruption of the inhibitory input from the PFC leads to anxiety, fear, and personality changes. Recent studies have implicated liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in key neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we used elevated plus-maze, startle and prepulse inhibition, open field, and novel object recognition tests to evaluate behavior in female LXRβ KO (LXRβ−/−) mice. We found that the female LXRβ−/− mice were anxious with impaired behavioral responses but normal locomotion and memory. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased expression of the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (65+67), in the ventromedial PFC. Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in the dorsal raphe was normal. We conclude that the anxiogenic phenotype in female LXRβ−/− mice is caused by reduced GABAergic input from the ventromedial PFC to the amygdala.
Real time culture and analysis of embryo metabolism using a microfluidic device with deformation based actuation

We report a computerized microfluidic real time embryo culture and assay device that can perform automated periodic analyses of embryo metabolism. This automated program uses a modified "gated injection" scheme (sample injection, reagent mixing, enzyme reaction of 15 min incubation, and sample detection) to sequentially measure fluorescence from sample, reference, and background (without any analyte) every hour. Measurements assessed with reference solutions demonstrated the stability of these microfluidic measurements over a 24 h period. Furthermore, this system was able to measure time dependent nutrient consumption by single or multiple (10) live mouse blastocyst-stage embryos with pmol h(-1) sensitivity. Mechanical deformation-based microfluidic actuation created by computerized movement of Braille pins enables automated fluid pumping and valving sequences without unwanted gravity-driven backflow or exposure to electrical fields as would be required in electrokinetic schemes. The convenient, non-invasive, and automated nature of these assays open the way for the development of integrated microfluidic platforms for practical single embryo culture and real time biochemical analysis to assess embryo viability and select embryos with the greatest implantation potential, thus improving success in clinical assisted reproductive technology laboratories.
Identifying Best Practices in Civic Education: Lessons from the Student Voices Program

School‐based civic education is increasingly recognized as an effective means for increasing political awareness and participation in American youth. This study examines the Student Voices curriculum, implemented in 22 Philadelphia high schools, to assess program activities that mediate gains in outcomes linked to future political participation (following of politics, political knowledge, and political efficacy). The results indicate that class deliberative discussions, community projects, and informational use of the Internet produce favorable outcomes that build over the course of two semesters. Effects were comparable for both white and nonwhite students.
Rapid adaptation of squash bug, Anasa tristis, populations to a resistant cucurbit cultivar

We conducted laboratory experiments on two field-collected populations of the squash bug, [Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Coreidae)], to compare their responses to five generations of selection on a resistant squash cultivar ‘Waltham Butternut’, a susceptible cultivar ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’, or alternating generations on the resistant and susceptible cultivars. Before testing, one population was maintained for 1 generation on susceptible squash plants, while the other was maintained on the same cultivar for 5 generations. In both populations, nymphal survival decreased markedly in the first generation on resistant squash, but then approximately doubled in the second generation reared on the resistant cultivar. By the end of the experiments, survival on the rearing host was the same for A. tristis maintained continuously on a single cultivar, regardless of which cultivar. Immediately following one or more generations on resistant plants, A. tristis nymphs had lower survival on the susceptible cultivar than did nymphs that had been maintained for consecutive generations on the susceptible cultivar. Results of reciprocal crosses between lines of A. tristis reared on either resistant or susceptible squash for five generations indicated a genetic basis for differences in nymphal survival on the two cultivars. In contrast with the changes in nymphal survival, the preoviposition period became progressively longer when A. tristis was reared for several generations on the resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible one. Prior rearing on resistant plants increased the preoviposition period of adults placed on susceptible plants. However, adult feeding on resistant plants following nymphal development on susceptible plants did not result in an increase in the preoviposition period on resistant plants. Our findings indicate that squash bugs can adapt to resistant plants within a relatively short period in the laboratory. However, ecological and agricultural factors should prevent squash bugs from overcoming resistance in the field.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: The New American Hemorrhagic Fever

The recognition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) after the investigation of a cluster of unexplained respiratory deaths in the southwestern United States during the spring of 1993 showcased our ability to recognize new and emerging diseases, given the correct juxtaposition of a new clinical entity with circumscribed epidemiologic features that are analyzed with novel diagnostic methods. In less than a decade, HPS has become established as a pan-American zoonosis due to numerous viruses maintained by sigmodontine rodents with rodent- and virus-specific epidemiologic profiles. The classical features of the syndrome-acute febrile illness associated with prominent cardiorespiratory compromise after direct contact or inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta-has been extended to include clinical variants, including disease with frank hemorrhage, that have confirmed that this syndrome is a viral hemorrhagic fever. Efforts are under way to refine prevention strategies, to understand the pathogenesis of the shock, and to identify therapeutic modalities.
Omic Approaches to Quality Biomarkers for Stored Platelets: Are We There Yet?

At present, there is no single biomarker that serves as the "gold standard" predictive of the quality of stored platelets used for transfusion. Some of the measurable features of platelets such as morphology, biochemical status, physiologic response to osmotic stress and agonist-induced changes, and measurement of process-associated activation indicators of platelets are considered useful in assessing the in vitro quality of stored platelets. Such in vitro measurements combined with in vivo survival estimations using radiolabeled platelets in healthy volunteers provide reasonable estimates of in vivo platelet function after transfusion. Thus, the current practice of estimating the quality and functional aspects of ex vivo stored platelets involves utilization of a battery of tests that dates back to pre-omic era. On the other hand, during the last decade, seminal discoveries have been made in platelet molecular and cell biology by using "omic"-based approaches such as proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics. Can we mobilize some of these discoveries toward developing reliable quality biomarkers for stored platelets? To address this topic, we briefly review current practices and provide insights into some of the omic approaches that could be helpful in identifying quality storage biomarkers of platelets in the near future. We also briefly discuss here some of the challenges in using proteomic approaches and advantages of using one of the transcriptomics approaches toward platelet biomarker development.
Effect of acetabular labrum tears on hip stability and labral strain in a joint compression model.

Background: Acetabular labrum tears are now commonly diagnosed in young and active patients. Because the role of the acetabular labrum is incompletely understood, it is critical to determine how these tears affect native hip biomechanics.Hypothesis: Radial and circumferential labral tears significantly decrease hip stability and significantly alter strain patterns in the anterior and anterior-superior acetabular labrum.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Twenty-two human cadaveric hips without evidence of degeneration or dysplasia were assigned to a circumferential tear (n = 11) and a radial tear (n = 11) group. The hips were tested in a neutral position with an average compressive force of 25 N. In the circumferential tear group, the labral states were intact; 1-, 2-, and 3-cm circumferential tears; a 3-cm partial labrectomy; and a full labrectomy. In the radial tear group, the labral states were intact; a radial tear; a 1-, 2-, and 3-cm partial labrectomy; and a full labrectomy. The effec...
SIR HUGH CLIFFORD AS GOVERNOR OF NIGERIA: AN EVALUATION

War, British colonial governors in tropical Africa exercised virtually unlimited executive and legislative functions. Their charge to preserve law, order and good government indicated that they had to devise and implement policies beneficial to both British and indigenous interests. The extent to which these governors were able to fulfil their responsibilities is a subject often ignored by African colonial historians. One reason (which might have been significant in the past) is the unavailability of the records essential for an objective comparative assessment. But the passage of time and the liberalization of access to public records has diminished the significance of this reason. Another might be the difficulty of establishing the parameters on which a comparative evaluation might be based. For example, settler presence in Eastern and Southern Africa made conditions there different from those in West Africa and the governors in both regions had to adopt divergent policies. Economic and cultural differences among the colonies also circumscribed the initiative of the governors. Nevertheless, it is still possible within a given colony to evaluate and compare the contributions of successive governors. In particular, it is possible from the vantage point of post-independence Africa to assess which governor adopted policies that changed for good or ill the course of history in a given colonial territory. In the case of Nigeria, studies relating to the tenure of some governors have been undertaken without a critical evaluation of their impact based on the above criteria. An impression is thus conveyed of the continuity of a predetermined colonial policy which, in fact, is contrary to the evidence.' What amounts to a classic example of the initiative which a far-sighted colonial governor could take is Sir Hugh Charles Clifford who governed Nigeria between 1919 and 1925. In most studies connected with his tenure, Clifford appears as the unpredictable governor who, after excoriating the West African nationalists for demanding representative government, injected the elective principle into the colonial legislature.2 Those interested in colonial administration have also pointed out his establishment of a central secretariat in Nigeria which departed from the perfunctory system operated by his predecessor, Sir Frederick (later Lord) Lugard. However, Clifford's tenure has far more significance than these
FDG uptake in liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor causes upstaging of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Abstract A 22-year-old woman with Hodgkin lymphoma underwent a staging 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, which showed an intense uptake in the right proximal femur, in addition to FDG-avid mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes. The patient thus was diagnosed with stage IV lymphoma with bone marrow involvement. Postchemotherapy restaging scan showed complete resolution of nodal uptake but persistent activity in the right femur. Radiography and biopsy confirmed liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor.
Effect of Vitamin A and Ambient Temperature on Reproductive Performance of White Leghorn Pullets

Abstract WARD and Schaible (1963) reported that numerous dietary ingredients failed to affect the incidence of blood spots in chicken eggs, but vitamin A was not included. Bearse et al. (1960) associated a high incidence of blood spotting of egg yolks with vitamin A deficiency in hens. Hill et al. (1961) reported that the minimum vitamin A requirement of laying hens for maintenance of body weight and maximum egg production and the minimum incidence of blood spots was 1,200–1,600 U.S.P. units of vitamin A per pound of diet. Heywang (1952) noted that feed consumption of laying and breeding hens decreased during hot weather but the actual vitamin A requirement of the hen did not increase during prolonged periods of high ambient temperature. He also reported that 2,480 U.S.P. units of vitamin A per pound of diet was not adequate for maximum egg production and maintenance of life during hot weather…
Continuous-Flow Biomolecule and Cell Concentrator by Ion Concentration Polarization

We present a novel continuous-flow nanofluidic biomolecule/cell concentrator, utilizing the ion concentration polarization (ICP) phenomenon. The device has one main microchannel which bifurcates into two channels, one for a narrow, concentrated stream and the other for a wider but target-free stream. A nanojunction [cation-selective material (Nafion)] is patterned along the tilted concentrated channel. Application of an electric field generates the ICP zone near the nanojunction so that biomolecules and cells are guided into the narrow, concentrated channel by hydrodynamic force. Once biomolecules from the main channel are continuously streamed out to the concentrated channel, one can achieve a continuous flow of the same sample solution but with higher concentrations up to 100-fold. By controlling hydrodynamic resistance of the main and concentrated channel, the concentration factors can be adjusted. We demonstrated the continuous-flow concentration with various targets, such as bacteria [fluorescein sod...
Molecules into Cells: Depicting the Cellular Mesoscale

in mode and collage-like in method, the book holds up a mirrornot to faithfully reflect what we see, but to fracture, crop and reassemble it. Thus, while parts of images come from and may hint at a variety of life-forms, these are not pictures of cells and embryos and water per se, but images of the elemental principles and forms beery literal translations of the le: cartoons of what one might 00-n cube of a cell were magi lion times (Fig. 2). I work in aphic style with li tle perspective i ize the intrusion of design. The i l, sy etrical shapes of the mol, e see ingly random placement hind these phenomena. In addition to alluding to preexisting forms, these im278 Artists' Statements f i~ This content downloaded from 207.46.13.85 on Tue, 23 Aug 2016 05:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Research on Situation Display Constrained by Low Resolution

Military symbol overlap is the usual problem in situation display,which might prevent the commander from reading the information of battlefield situation correctly.The concept of low resolution constraining was proposed firstly to analyze the phenomenon of military symbol overlap in this paper.According to the mixed attribute data clustering algorithm studied for situation information,a display method of clustered information was designed.At last,the experimental verification of the algorithm and display method was given.All in this paper generate a new idea for the problem of situation display constrained by low resolution.
Economic analysis on the different production techniques in lower permeability oil fields

On the basis of break-even analysis, we have deduced a model of economical yield limit on oil wells, analyzed the benefit in using pumping production and bailing production techniques in lower permeability oil fields, determined the economical yield limit on oil wells using different production techniques, and lastly provided scientific basis for choosing a production technique in developing low permeability oil fields.
Gas-liquid chromatography of dialkyl, alkyl acyl, and diacyl derivatives of glycerol

Dialkyl, alkyl acyl, and diacyl glycerols were resolved as trimethylsilyl ethers and as acetates by gas-liquid chromatography on a nonpolar stationary phase (OV-1). The two types of derivatives proved suitable for quantitative gas chromatographic analysis.
Evaluation of a concept-based physical education unit for energy balance education.

Background Physical education (PE) is a key channel that impacts children's decisions and behaviors for healthful living. This study evaluated the effects of a concept-based PE (CBPE) instructional unit, featured by energy balance (EB) education, on students' knowledge learning, situational interest, cognitive, and physical engagements as well as teachers' perceptions.
Engineering spin-squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry

We create up to 20 dB spin-squeezed states of atomic ensembles using an optical cavity-based measurement. The prepared states are suitable for atomic sensors that require free space release of the atoms.
Public Policy and Local Governance: Institutions in Postmodern Society

(2001). Public Policy and Local Governance: Institutions in Postmodern Society. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 303-307.
What Huxley Got Wrong

Speaking of the future in a 1942 letter to his brother Julian, Aldous Huxley asserted, ‘the one thing that can be certainly said [about it] is that we are totally incapable of foreseeing it accurately’ (AHL 483). The future, Huxley concedes, is unknowable, a time without substance, what Vladimir Nabokov called ‘a quack at the court of Chronos.’1 Yet it is a surprise to hear this concession come from Huxley, whose fame rests above all on his penchant for sociopolitical prognostication. What, then, would it mean to take Huxley at his word about the future’s unknowability, to remind ourselves that he was no more clairvoyant than Mr Scogan in Crome Yellow (1921), dressed up as the fraudulent seer Madame Sesostris? In this essay I suggest that to do so entails questioning our reflexive critical assessment of Huxley as visionary or social prophet. Huxley, like all writers, was bound by his time, and historical hindsight should attend not only to the ways in which his prognostications have been realized, but also to the ways in which they have not. In dispensing with our notion of the author as a vatic figure, endowed with a far-seeing wisdom rooted in moral bravery, we need not diminish the value of Brave New World (1932) or of Huxley’s work in general. Instead we can recognize Huxley as a keen if flawed critic of his own present, one whose blindnesses as well as insights can help us to recognize anew the uncertainty of both his analysis of his sociopolitical situation and our understanding of our own historical moment.
Challenge-driven social entrepreneurship and high impact student engagement

The Center on Conflict and Development (ConDev) and the College of Engineering at Texas A&M University are collaborating to bring real-world experiences to students and meaningful solutions to communities in developing countries. Our inaugural activity consisted of a 48-hour Aggies Invent Social Entrepreneurship weekend that attracted 197 students from 33 different departments. We collected challenges from communities, NGOs, and USAID Missions in Senegal, Ghana, Botswana, the DRC, and Guatemala. Students worked with mentors to create mitigation prototypes. Our next step was to bring students to the field to co-create solutions addressing human-elephant conflict challenges in Botswana with local university students and community member end users.
Acute Arterial Ischemia

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is defined as a sudden decrease in arterial perfusion to an extremity causing a potential threat to limb viability. There are many etiologies of ALI including trauma, embolism from the heart or other vascular beds, in-situ thrombosis, or iatrogenic causes. With ALI secondary to trauma it is important to recognize the mechanism of injury (blunt, high or low velocity penetrating).
International clinical volunteering in Tanzania: A postcolonial analysis of a Global Health business

This article traces how scarcities characteristic of health systems in low-income countries (LICs), and increasing popular interest in Global Health, have inadvertently contributed to the popularisation of a specific Global Health business: international clinical volunteering through private volunteer placement organisations (VPOs). VPOs market neglected health facilities as sites where foreigners can 'make a difference', regardless of their skill set. Drawing on online investigation and ethnographic research in Tanzania over four field seasons from 2011 to 2015, including qualitative interviews with 41 foreign volunteers and 90 Tanzanian health workers, this article offers a postcolonial analysis of VPO marketing and volunteer action in health facilities of LICs. Two prevalent postcolonial racialised tropes inform both VPO marketing and foreign volunteers' discourses and practices in Tanzania. The first trope discounts Tanzanian expertise in order to envision volunteers in expert roles despite lacking training, expertise, or contextual knowledge. The second trope envisions Tanzanian patients as so impoverished that insufficiently trained volunteer help is 'better than nothing at all'. These two postcolonial racialised tropes inform the conceptual work undertaken by VPO marketing schemes and foreign volunteers in order to remake Tanzanian health professionals and patients into appropriate and justifiable sites for foreign volunteer intervention.
Abstract 1529:Scutellaria baicalensistargets the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and attenuates ovarian cancer growth

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), a transcription factor important for maintaining cellular oxygen homeostasis, is aberrantly upregulated in many tumors and implicated in angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, developing treatments that target HIF-1α may be a viable therapeutic approach. For centuries, traditional Chinese medicine has used herbs, such as Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), as a natural remedy for tumors. However, the mechanisms by which SB inhibits tumor growth are not known. We have previously reported that SB inhibits cancer cell proliferation and targets NF-κB in endometrial and ovarian cancers and TGF-β in endometrial cancers. In this study, we examined the effects of SB on HIF-1α protein levels in three ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3, OVCA 429, and OVCA 420, grown under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. When treated daily with SB, cancer cells showed a decrease in HIF-1α expression after 48 hours. Investigation into the molecular mechanisms of SB-induced inhibition revealed a significant reduction of HIF-1α accumulation in cells treated with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Further decrease of HIF-1α accumulation was seen when cycloheximide was combined with SB. Additionally, SB- induced HIF-1α proteasomal degradation was prevented by treatment of cells with proteasomal inhibitor MG132 and chloroquine, lysosome inhibitor, abrogated SB-induced inhibition of HIF-1α. Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK is shown in cancers. SB reduced levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with LY294002 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor) reduced HIF-1α expression comparable to SB-treated cells. Hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance is a major challenge in therapy of ovarian tumors. SB reduces the proliferation and reverses cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by attenuating the expression of HIF-1α. Taken together, the findings suggest that targeting HIF-1α with SB could be an effective treatment strategy for ovarian cancer and that SB can improve the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Imran Hussain, Sana Waheed, Kashif A. Ahmad, John E. Pirog, Viqar Syed. Scutellaria baicalensis targets the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and attenuates ovarian cancer growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1529
Molecular Drivers in Chordoma

Abstract Chordomas are tumors that arise from the osseous spine and skull base. They are often difficult to manage given their locally destructive behavior and predilection to grow near vascular and critical neural structures. Chordomas have an indolent clinical course, which results in late clinical presentation of patients. Unfortunately, these factors make the complete surgical resection of these tumors difficult to perform without causing significant morbidity. Although modern surgical and high-dose radiation techniques have improved outcomes, adjuvant therapies are the key to further progress, and enhanced understanding of the molecular drivers of chordomas is essential to their development. Recent advances in genomics, the establishment of human chordoma cell lines, and the development of animal models have created an exciting landscape for chordoma research. Here we survey the most recent discoveries in this field and identify important molecular pathways that could be targeted for future drug development.
A comparison between directly measured and inferred wave speeds from an acoustic propagation experiment in Currituck Sound

An acoustic propagation experiment was conducted in Currituck Sound to characterize low-frequency propagation in a very-shallow-water estuarine environment. The water column properties were homogeneous over the study area, and the emphasis of this work is on understanding the propagation effects induced by the estuarine bed. During the experiment, low-frequency sound propagation measurements of waterborne sound and interface waves were acquired, and direct measurements of the compressional and shear wave properties were obtained at high frequencies. The propagation data consist of signals from a Combustive Sound Source recorded on bottom mounted geophones and a vertical line array of hydrophones. A statistical inference method was applied to obtain an estimate of the sediment compressional and shear wave speed profiles as a function of depth within the estuarine bed. The direct measurements were obtained in situ by inserting probes 30 cm into the sediment. Sediment acoustics models were fit to the high-frequency in situ data to enable comparison with the inferred low-frequency wave speeds. Overall, good agreement was found between the directly measured and inferred wave speeds for both the compressional and shear wave data.
Efficient hydrogen peroxide generation using reduced graphene oxide-based oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

Electrochemical oxygen reduction has garnered attention as an emerging alternative to the traditional anthraquinone oxidation process to enable the distributed production of hydrogen peroxide. Here, we demonstrate a selective and efficient non-precious electrocatalyst, prepared through an easily scalable mild thermal reduction of graphene oxide, to form hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. During oxygen reduction, certain variants of the mildly reduced graphene oxide electrocatalyst exhibit highly selective and stable peroxide formation activity at low overpotentials (<10 mV) under basic conditions, exceeding the performance of current state-of-the-art alkaline catalysts. Spectroscopic structural characterization and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry provide strong evidence that sp2-hybridized carbon near-ring ether defects along sheet edges are the most active sites for peroxide production, providing new insight into the electrocatalytic design of carbon-based materials for effective peroxide production. Electrochemical routes for the production of hydrogen peroxide would reduce the waste inherent in the current anthraquinone process, and also make distributed and on-site production more feasible. Here, inexpensive reduced graphene oxide is proven to be a stable and selective catalyst for oxygen reduction at remarkably low overpotentials.
Digital Designs and Scientific Hardware

Just as the power of the open-source design paradigm has driven down the cost of software to the point that it is accessible to most people, the rise of open-source hardware is poised to drive down the cost of doing experimental science to expand access to everyone. This chapter provides a selection of concrete examples of exceptionally low-cost open-source scientific tools for physics, engineering, biology, environmental science and chemistry. Using the combination of open-source CAD, 3-D printing, and microcontrollers (OpenSCAD, RepRap 3-D printing and Arduino automation), the following research tools have been designed, built and are described in this chapter: (1) a multicomponent open-source optics library, (2) polymer laser welding system, (3) radiation detector, (4) oscilloscope, (5) colorimeter, (6) pH meter, (7) PCR machine, (8) centrifuge, (9) spectrometer, and many other small useful tools.
Ultrafast Optical and Far-infrared Studies of La 0.7 Ca 0:3 MnO 3 : Mixed-phase Dynamics

The charge, lattice, and spin degrees of freedom in mixed-valence manganites such as Lal:xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) are of comparable magnitude resulting in ground state and excited state (e.g. optical) properties that depend sensitively on the doping x.
The Small Country in a Large World

Usually studies of international trade begin with the case of a small trading country, which is unable to affect world prices, and then proceed to the case of a trading world. In this study we have reversed the process. The reason is one of organization; the results of the analysis of the small trading country (Section 1) are very applicable to the case in which two countries have different rates of population growth (Section 2). It is easy to see that the end result of such growth is that one country vanishes in comparison to the other, and this small country trades at prices determined by the interaction of demand and supply in the large country.
Event-related clinical distress in college students: Responses to the 2016 U.S. Presidential election

Objectives: College students have cited the 2016 U.S. presidential election as a significant source of stress. The current study examined the prevalence and demographic correlates of clinically sig...
Sabina Augusta: an imperial journey

It is important to acknowledge at the outset of this review the difficulty of the task that T. Corey Brennan took on when attempting to write a biography of the enigmatic empress Sabina. The wife o...
From Apple to Orange: Narratives of Small City Migration and Settlement among the Urban Middle Class:

As large cities become unaffordable, some people in the urban middle class are moving to small cities but risk replicating gentrification and its harms. Based on a qualitative research project on N...
A Quasi-optical Testbed for Terahertz On-Wafer Device and Circuit Characterization

We present a novel quasi-optical vector network analyzer (VNA) topology for terahertz (THz) on-wafer measurement and characterization. We combine a frequency-independent quasi-optical topology and on-wafer antenna probes to enable a non-contact, ultra-wideband THz on-wafer testing system. Additionally, the use of optical components allows the use of photonics-based THz emitters and detectors, which also support ultra-wide bandwidths of operation. A proof-of-concept testing setup is built and evaluated in the 300-340 GHz band using on-wafer measurements. The characterization of a passive device shows good agreement with simulation results and verifies the feasibility of the proposed VNA topology.
Caveolin-2 deficiency induces a rapid anti-tumor immune response prior to regression of implanted murine lung carcinoma tumors

Immunosuppression is critical for tumor growth and metastasis as well as obstacle to effective immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that host deficiency in caveolin-2, a member of caveolin protein family, increases M1-polarized tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and CD8 T cell infiltration into subcutaneously implanted murine lung carcinoma tumors. Importantly, increase in M1 TAM-specific markers and cytokines occurs prior to increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and tumor regression in caveolin-2 deficient mice, suggesting that an early increase in M1 TAMs is a novel mechanism, via which host deficiency in caveolin-2 inhibits tumor growth. Consistent with the latter, transfer and co-injection of caveolin-2 deficient bone marrow (origin of TAMs) suppresses tumor growth and increases numbers of M1-polarized TAMs in wild type mice. Collectively, our data suggest that lung cancer cells use caveolin-2 expressed in bone marrow-derived cell types including TAMs to promote tumor growth via suppressing the anti-tumor immune response and that caveolin-2 could be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Exploring and interpreting spatiotemporal interactions between native and invasive carnivores across a gradient of rainforest degradation

Studies of elusive carnivores often rely on passive sampling when investigating either spatial or temporal interactions. However, inference on behavioral mechanisms are usually lacking. We present an analysis that combines previously published spatial co-occurrence estimates and temporal kernel density estimates to explore spatiotemporal interspecific interactions. We do so by deriving a spatiotemporal value (STV) that is a relative measure of potential interaction in both niche dimensions, across a gradient of degradation, for rainforest carnivore pairs in Madagascar. We also use a conceptual framework to provide insight into the potential behavioral mechanisms of habitat selection. Of the six native and three invasive carnivores, we estimate the spatiotemporal interactions for twelve pairings, which range from no spatial/temporal relationship (n = 5) to spatiotemporal aggregation or segregation (n = 7). We visualized these spatiotemporal interactions along a fragmentation gradient and demonstrate that these interactions are not static, as STV overlap increases with increasing anthropogenic disturbance. Of the three invasive carnivores (free-ranging dogs Canis familiaris, cats Felis species, and small Indian civets Viverricula indica) the latter had the highest number of spatial occurrence (n = 4) and spatiotemporal overlap (n = 4) relationships with native carnivores. Our results highlight the potential for increasing direct and indirect interactions between native and invasive species as forest degradation and invasive predators increase. Our approach allows us to better understand adaptive behaviors, plasticity in temporal activity, community assemblage, and to develop targeted conservation strategies to manage ecological communities in rapidly changing ecosystems.
Functionality of ultra-high barrier metal oxide-coated polymer films for in-package, thermally sterilized food products

Abstract Defects in metal oxide (MO)-coated polymer films increase their oxygen and water vapor transmission rates (OTRs, WVTRs), lowering the shelf-life of packaged food. In this study, we investigated the effects of thermal processing on six multilayered MO-coated films: MO-A (MO-coated PET(12 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (50 μm)), MO-B (SiOx-coated PET(12 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (60 μm)), MO-C (Overlayer/AlOx-organic-coated PET(13 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (50 μm)), MO-D (Overlayer/SiOx-coated PET(12 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (60 μm)), MO-E (AlOx-coated PET(12 μm)//AlOx-coated PET(12 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (70 μm)) and MO-F (AlOx-coated PET(12 μm)//AlOx-coated PET(12 μm)//AlOx-coated PET(12 μm)//Oriented-Nylon 6 (15 μm)//Cast-Polypropylene (70 μm)). Water filled film pouches were processed with a pilot-scale retort (30 and 40 min at 121 °C; F0 = 6–9 min) and microwave-assisted thermal sterilization unit (25-kW, single-mode, 915 MHz MATS system; F0 = 10.9 min). Subsequently, the pouches were emptied, filled with a color-changing oxygen sensor and stored at 23 ± 2 °C for 180-days. MO-F with three AlOx-coated PET layers, showed no oxygen permeation before and after retort and MATS processes. Compared to other films, MO-F exhibited low WVTRs after processing. Oxygen sensor in MO-F changed color at limited locations, indicating fewer defects. Confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope images also showed less deterioration in MO-F. The dielectric loss factor (er") for MO-F was significantly less than other films (P
More Complex Models of Optimal Behavior among Hunter-Gatherers

One problem in evaluating the potential utility of foraging theory in anthropology is that the results of critical behavioral tests are seldom clear-cut. Historically, where optimal models have been applied to real cases (see Chapter 4), the fit between expected and observed behavior has been close enough to satisfy advocates and loose enough to encourage critics. Because alternative theories weigh facts differently, such empirical indeterminacies are unavoidable. Constructive critics of foraging theory have made this a productive area of research. They regard the inevitable mismatches between observed and expected foraging behavior neither as devastating (providing an excuse to ignore such models) nor as uninteresting (to be dismissed as noise reflecting faulty or incomplete data). Rather, the constructive critics of optimal foraging theory see such mismatches as opportunities to develop better models. These alternative models all sacrifice some of the simplicity of explanation that characterizes the foraging models previously discussed by introducing additional assumptions and logical complexity. In each case it is assumed that the loss in elegance is justified by gains in predictive accuracy or in model realism.
Clinical Outcomes After Endoscopic Repair of Gluteus Medius Tendon Tear Using a Knotless Technique With a 2-Year Minimum Follow-Up.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients who underwent endoscopic gluteus medius repair with at least 2-year follow-up. Methods This was a single-center, single-surgeon retrospective study of 19 patients (20 hips) who underwent endoscopic knotless gluteus medius repair between August 2010 and August 2016 with ≥2 years of follow-up. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reviewed and graded according to the Goutallier/Fuchs classification; preoperative X-rays were reviewed and graded according to the Tonnis classification. Baseline and 2-year postoperative modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and nonarthritic hip score (NAHS) were prospectively collected. The numbers of patients reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic rate (PASS) were determined. Results Twenty hips from 19 patients met the inclusion criteria and were separated based on tear type. The study population comprised 15 (79%) females and 4 (21%) males presenting with a mean age of 51.3 ± 11.9 years and an average body mass index of 25.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2. Patients with partial tears reported average preoperative mHHS and NAHS of 33.6 ± 11.3 and 40.4 ± 14.9, respectively; at 2-year follow-up, average mHHS and NAHS of 72.9 ± 22.9 and 77.2 ± 19.7 were reported. Patients with full-thickness tears reported average preoperative mHHS and NAHS of 43.8 ± 14.7 and 46.4 ± 8.3, respectively; at 2-year follow-up, average mHHS and NAHS of 80.1 ± 8.5 and 79.5 ± 10.1 were reported. There was significant clinical improvement at 2-year follow-up, relating to both outcome measures in each subject group (P Conclusion Endoscopic repair for gluteus medius tears results in improved mHHS and NAHS at 2 years of follow-up compared with baseline. Most patients reach critical thresholds of minimal and satisfactory clinical improvement. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series with subgroup analysis
Resonant Characteristics of Split Ring Resonator And Unit Cell for Periodic Metamaterial Devices

The resonant characteristics of single split ring resonator-based metamaterial devices with single gap are presented using the analytical formulation developed for the lumped element equivalent circuit model. The characteristics of the metamaterial resonators have been investigated for different ring sizes, gap widths and substrate permittivity. Equivalent circuit model is developed for two ring structures. The analytical, and simulation results are compared and verified. The prototype has been then built and measured. It has been observed that all the results agree. The results presented in this paper can be used to develop devices at the THz range that can operate as sensors, antennas or tuning elements.