cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dietary Profiles of Caucasians and Asian Indian Women in the USA and Asian Indian Women in India

The Asian Indian population is the fastest growing group of Asian immigrants in the USA, however, there is no documentation of their food choices and dietary intakes, especially for the women. The objective of this study was to compare dietary profiles of Caucasian women (CIA) and Asian Indian women in the USA (AIA) with that of Asian Indian women in India (AII), Dietary assessments were carried out using a modified Block Health Habits and History Questionnaire and 4-day food diaries, as well as selected biochemical indices. The total caloric intake was highest in the All followed by the CIA and lowest in the AIA who bordered on being deficient. Fat intake of Asian Indian women was consistently lower than that of Caucasian women and so was the consumption of sugar, fiber and alcohol. The women of the AIA group are moving up to the levels of Caucasian women in the USA in fat intake which is supported by their higher serum triglycerides compared to the AII. On the other hand, their serum cholesterol remained lower than their counterpart in India. Dietary intakes and serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins were lower in the Asian Indian women than in the Caucasian women with the exception of ascorbic acid. The increasing fat and low antioxidants in the AIA are predisposing factors to many chronic diseases and should be monitored as these are likely to become threatening as the acculturation of this group of women attains maturation.
Radiative transfer of resonance lines with internal sources

Abstract The modeling of resonance lines in the aurorae and dayglow usually requires a large computer code to solve the radiative transfer problem. We present here a simple theory that gives reasonable estimates of the emergent intensities, including the angular distribution, for very optically thick lines with internal sources. The method uses an extension of the H -functions (implying a semi-infinite atmosphere) and assumes that the source is monochromatic and may be reasonably represented by a Chapman profile. The theory is compared with detailed numerical calculations for resonance lines with Voigt emission line profiles, including the cases of both partial and complete frequency redistribution. The effects of frequency redistribution on the angular distribution of the emergent radiation and on the line profiles are also shown.
Indomethacin Prevents Elastase-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the Rat

Perfusion of the rat abdominal aorta with elastase induces abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), in which the development of aortic dilatation correlates with the influx of inflammatory cells, increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and destruction of medial elastin. We tested the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of macrophage MMP expression, might attenuate aneurysmal degeneration in this model. Fourteen adult male Wistar rats underwent 2-hr aortic perfusion with elastase. Six animals received injections of saline and eight animals received 4 mg/kg/day indomethacin for 7 days. Pre-perfusion, post-perfusion, and final aortic diameters (AD) were determined, and histology and substrate gel zymography were performed. Five out of six control animals developed AAA, while no aneurysms were observed in the indomethacin-treated group (P < 0.01). Whereas AD increased 126 +/- 16% in control animals, the mean increase in the indomethacin-treated group was only 56 +/- 6% (P < 0.001). Although animals in both groups demonstrated an inflammatory response dominated by macrophages, the marked destruction of medial elastin in the control group was not present in the treatment group. In addition, substrate zymography demonstrated decreased levels of MMP-9 in animals treated with indomethacin. Indomethacin inhibits aneurysm growth in this model, and the data suggest that it does so by decreasing macrophage expression of at least one elastolytic metalloproteinase, MMP-9.
Effect of NADPH oxidase inhibition on the expression of kidney injury molecule and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in hydroxy-L-proline-induced hyperoxaluria in the male Sprague–Dawley rats

Background. Renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition is associated with epithelial injury and movement of inflammatory cells into the interstitium. We have proposed that oxalate (Ox)- and CaOx crystal-induced injury is most likely caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by activation of membrane nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Methods. Present study was undertaken to determine the effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin on the expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and renal CaOx crystal deposition in rats with hyperoxaluria. We also investigated the urinary excretion of KIM-1, osteopontin (OPN) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and renal expression of OPN and ED-1. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 5% hydroxyl-L-proline (HLP) and 4 mmol apocynin to drink for 28 days. Urine was collected on Days 7, 14, 21 and 28. After that, rats were sacrificed and their kidneys processed for various microscopic and molecular investigations. Results. HLP consumption produced heavy deposits of CaOx crystals. Renal expression of KIM-1 and OPN and urinary excretion of KIM-1, OPN, H2O2 and MCP-1 was significantly increased. ED-1-positive cells migrated into renal interstitium. Apocynin treatment caused significant reduction of crystal deposits, injured and dilated tubules; renal expression of KIM-1, OPN and ED-1 and urinary excretion of KIM-1, OPN, MCP-1 and H2O2. Apocynin had no effect on the urinary excretion of Ox. Conclusions. This is the first study of urinary excretion and renal expression of KIM-1 in association with renal CaOx crystal deposition, experimental or clinical. The results indicate that NADPH oxidase inhibition leads to reduction in KIM-1 expression and urinary excretion as well as renal CaOx crystal deposition. KIM-1 is an important marker of renal epithelial injury. The results provide further support to our proposal that renal epithelial injury is critical for crystal retention and that injury is in part caused by the production of ROS with the involvement of NADPH oxidase.
Annual primary production in Antarctic sea ice during 2005–2006 from a sea ice state estimate

Using the data-bounded Sea Ice Ecosystem State (SIESTA) model, we estimate total Antarctic sea ice algal primary production to be 23.7 Tg C a−1 for the period July 2005–June 2006, of which 80% occurred in the bottom 0.2 m of ice. Simulated sea ice primary production would constitute 12% of total annual primary production in the Antarctic sea ice zone, and ∼1% of annual Southern Ocean primary production. Model sea ice algal growth was net nutrient limited, rather than light limited, for the vast majority of the sunlit season. The seasonal distribution of integrated ice algal biomass matches available observations. The vertical algal distribution was weighted toward the ice bottom compared to observations, indicating that interior ice algal communities may be under-predicted in the model, and that nutrient delivery via gravity-induced convection is not sufficient to sustain summertime algal biomass. Bottom ice algae were most productive in ice of 0.36 m thickness, whereas interior algal communities were most productive in ice of 1.10 m thickness. Sensitivity analyses that tested different atmospheric forcing inputs, sea ice parameterizations, and nutrient availability caused mean and regional shifts in sea ice state and ice algal production even when sea extent and motion was specified. The spatial heterogeneity of both ice state and algal production highlight the sensitivity of the sea ice ecosystem to physical perturbation, and demonstrate the importance of quality input data and appropriate parameterizations to models of sea ice and associated biology.
A Review of “Montesquieu and His Legacy”: Kingston, Rebecca E., editor, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009

Montesquieu and His Legacy results from a conference at the University of Toronto in 2005 organized for the 250th anniversary of Montesquieu's death. Various scholars reflected upon his intellectua...
An application of Prony methods in PSS design for multimachine systems

A method for obtaining transfer functions for power system stabilizer (PSS) design is presented. It results in an accurate reduced-order model of a generator connected to a large system. The method is based on Prony signal analysis and incorporates both local and interarea electromechanical oscillatory modes. Two PSS units are designed using the proposed method along with root-locus and sequential decentralized control techniques. The design procedure and results are illustrated using computer simulation of a 27 bus system with 16 generators. The test system was developed to exhibit interarea modes that are comparable to the western North American power system. This provides a new perspective on damping interarea oscillatory modes using PSS units. >
Individual versus Social Optimization in Exponential Congestion Systems

We consider a stochastic congestion system modeled as a birth-death process. Customers arrive from a Poisson process. The departure rate when i customers are in the system is non-decreasing, concave, and bounded above in i. The cost structure consists of a linear holding cost and a random reward received when a customer enters the system. The system can be controlled by deciding which customers will enter. Our main result extending those of Naor, Yechiali, and Knudsen is that, with or without discounting and for a finite or infinite time horizon, the individually optimal rule calls for the customer to enter the system whenever the socially optimal rule does. We also study the properties of the optimal congestion toll, which induces customers acting in their own interest to follow a socially optimal rule.
Design of a multiband antenna for satellite communications on the move

The trend for military multiband satellite terminals is shifting away from large ground stations to small, mobile terminals that can operate on the move. The multiband antenna described in this paper extends operation to the 20/30/44 GHz bands. The main reflector is 16 inches in diameter and is of the axially displaced elliptical (ADE) type. The feed is supported by a rigid aluminum housing, which aids in achieving a high mechanical resonance frequency for the overall structure. This is important for implementing a high rate mechanical tracking loop. The subreflector is attached to the aluminum feed support using a "feedome" comprised of ROHACELL 110WF foam.
Propaganda und Nachrichtenkontrolle

Wenn man vom „Volk“ spricht, so denkt man leicht an eine unbestimmte Masse von Individuen. Doch vom Standpunkt eines Mitglieds der gesetzgebenden Korperschaften stellt sich die „Offentlichkeit“ hauptsachlich in drei klar unterscheidbaren, zur Institution gewordenen Elementen dar, in Presse und Rundfunk als den modernen Mitteln der Nachrichtenverbreitung fur die Masse einerseits, in den Interessengruppen andererseits. Von den Nachrichtenmitteln vertritt die Presse in allen ihren Schattierungen so sehr die offentliche Meinung, das sie als Forum zur Erorterung offentlicher Fragen immer noch den ersten Platz einnimmt. Daher gilt die Pressefreiheit als ein Eckstein der konstitutionellen Demokratie (siehe oben Kapitel IX). Gleichzeitig besitzen die Presse, der Rundfunk und bis zu einem gewissen Grad auch die Interessengruppen eine grose Bedeutung als Verbindungskanale zwischen den Volksvertretungen und der breiten Offentlichkeit. In dieser Hinsicht ist es bezeichnend, das Parlamentsdebatten in der Presse heute nicht mehr den gleichen Raum einnehmen wie fruher. Die Londoner Times bringt zwar immer noch sehr ausfuhrliche Auszuge aus Parlamentsdebatten, aber sie bildet damit eine Ausnahme. In den Vereinigten Staaten werden die Reden einzelner Senatoren und Abgeordneten und in Frankreich und anderen Landern die Ministerreden im vollen Wortlaut wiedergegeben.
Selectively Acquiring Customer Information: A New Data Acquisition Problem and an Active Learning-Based Solution

This paper presents a new information acquisition problem motivated by business applications where customer data has to be acquired with a specific modeling objective in mind. In the last two decades, there has been substantial work in two different fieldsoptimal experimental design and machine learningthat has addressed the issue of acquiring data in a selective manner with a specific objective in mind. We show that the problem presented here is different from the classic model-based data acquisition problems considered thus far in the literature in both fields. Building on work in optimal experimental design and in machine learning, we develop a new active learning technique for the information acquisition problem presented in this paper. We demonstrate that the proposed method performs well based on results from applying this method across 20 Web usage and machine learning data sets.
The Role of Discontinued Expectancies in the Processing of Advertising Messages

Abstract Eagly, Chaiken, and Wood (1981) have proposed that, because communicators commonly argue for their vested interests, message recipients develop biased expectations. When these expectations are disconfirmed (when communicators seem to argue against their own interests), source credibility and message acceptance are thought to be enhanced. This study tested the Eagly et al. paradigm in a commercial advertising context, using 150 undergraduate subjects who viewed bogus advertisements. The model received general support, and some evidence for more elaborate information processing as a consequence of expectancy disconfirmation is presented. Arguments about intangible (styling) product features are shown to present particular problems.
The histopathology of lupus erythematosus panniculitis

Lupus erythematosus panniculitis is a clinical variant of lupus erythematosus in which the main pathologic process involves the deep corium and subcutaneous tissue. We reviewed twenty-nine cases of lupus panniculitis, as well as the cases previously reported in the literature. The histopathologic changes in lupus panniculitis are characterized by a lymphocytic panniculitis, hyaline degeneration of the fat, hyaline papillary bodies, and lymphoid nodular structures in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Direct immunofluorescence can be important in supplementing the histopathologic study of lupus panniculitis. Lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus are seen in 21% of cases. When this disorder exists in the absence of other typical cutaneous or systemic lesions, the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus has been questioned. We believe that the histopathologic findings of this entity are alone sufficient for a diagnosis of lupus panniculitis, even in the absence of cutaneous or systemic lesions.
Infrastructure support for multimedia communications: a survey

The survey provides a concise review of the current progress achieved in the field of multimedia computing. It covers properties of multimedia, switching and compression standards, communication support, synchronization support, operating system support, and discussion on possible future research. >
Discriminative Frequent Pattern Analysis for Effective Classification

The application of frequent patterns in classification appeared in sporadic studies and achieved initial success in the classification of relational data, text documents and graphs. In this paper, we conduct a systematic exploration of frequent pattern-based classification, and provide solid reasons supporting this methodology. It was well known that feature combinations (patterns) could capture more underlying semantics than single features. However, inclusion of infrequent patterns may not significantly improve the accuracy due to their limited predictive power. By building a connection between pattern frequency and discriminative measures such as information gain and Fisher score, we develop a strategy to set minimum support in frequent pattern mining for generating useful patterns. Based on this strategy, coupled with a proposed feature selection algorithm, discriminative frequent patterns can be generated for building high quality classifiers. We demonstrate that the frequent pattern-based classification framework can achieve good scalability and high accuracy in classifying large datasets. Empirical studies indicate that significant improvement in classification accuracy is achieved (up to 12% in UCI datasets) using the so-selected discriminative frequent patterns.
Microscopic flow near the surface of two-dimensional porous media. Part 2. Transverse flow

A model problem is analysed to study the microscopic flow near the surface of porous media. In the idealized system, we consider two-dimensional media consisting of infinite and semi-infinite periodic lattices of cylindrical inclusions. In Part 1, results for axial flow were presented. In this work results for transverse flow are presented and discussed in the context of macroscopic approaches such as slip coefficients and Brinkman's equation.
Probing many-body states of ultracold atoms via noise correlations

We propose to utilize density-density correlations in the image of an expanding gas cloud to probe complex many-body states of trapped ultracold atoms. In particular, we show how this technique can be used to detect superfluidity of fermionic gases and to study spin correlations of multicomponent atoms in optical lattices. The feasibility of the method is investigated by analysis of the relevant signal to noise ratio including experimental imperfections.
Anisotropy of the solid–liquid interface properties of the Ni–Zr B33 phase from molecular dynamics simulation

Solid–liquid interface (SLI) properties of the Ni–Zr B33 phase were determined from molecular dynamics simulations. In order to perform these measurements, a new semi-empirical potential for Ni–Zr alloy was developed that well reproduces the material properties required to model SLIs in the Ni50.0Zr50.0 alloy. In particular, the developed potential is shown to provide that the solid phase emerging from the liquid Ni50.0Zr50.0 alloy is B33 (apart from a small fraction of point defects), in agreement with the experimental phase diagram. The SLI properties obtained using the developed potential exhibit an extraordinary degree of anisotropy. It is observed that anisotropies in both the interfacial free energy and mobility are an order of magnitude larger than those measured to date in any other metallic compound. Moreover, the [0 1 0] interface is shown to play a significant role in the observed anisotropy. Our data suggest that the [0 1 0] interface simultaneously corresponds to the lowest mobility, the lowe...
Transglutaminase Catalyzes the Formation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate‐Insoluble, Alz‐50‐Reactive Polymers of τ

Paired helical filaments, a constituent of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, consist primarily of the microtubule-associated protein tau. However, the process by which the detergent-insoluble filaments of the neurofibrillary tangles are formed from soluble tau remains unknown. Here, we present a potential mechanism for the abnormal aggregation of tau in Alzheimer's disease: the covalent cross-linking of tau by the enzyme transglutaminase. Macromolecular complexes of tau, formed in the presence of transglutaminase, were found to be insoluble in ionic detergent, beta-mercaptoethanol, guanidine-HCl, and urea and, furthermore, demonstrated an increased immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody Alz-50. Electron microscopic studies revealed that tau cross-linked by transglutaminase has a defined filamentous structure. These results indicate that transglutaminase, the activity of which has been shown to increase during programmed cell death, may play a role in the formation of pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease.
On Pierre Duhem

The publication of this volume appears to be the most recent in a group of works whose appearance marks renewed interest in Duhem. Over the past ten years, attention has been focused on Duhem's life (Jaki 1984), his physics (Jaki 1984; Nye 1986, 208–23), his philosophy of science (Jaki 1984, chap. 9; Paul 1979, chap. 5; Ariew 1984),' and his history of science (Jaki 1984, chap. 10; Martin 1976). But the significance of this translation is that - leaving aside To Save the Phenomena – for the first time we have a partial translation into English of one of the two great historical works that revitalized the study of medieval science.
Mobile continuous reading

This research focuses on mobile continuous reading under frequent context switching while reading web pages. This paper presents the results of a user study with 10 users. Four conditions were investigated in the study: visual-reading, audio-listening, manual-switching between visual and audio, and auto-switching between them. The results showed that auto-switching not only provides the easiest reading experience, but it also results in significantly fewer missteps while walking, compared with visual-reading.
Enhancement of Recombinant Hemoglobin Production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Containing the Plesiomonas shigelloides Heme Transport System

To produce recombinant hemoglobin in Escherichia coli, sufficient intracellular heme must be present, or the protein folds improperly and is degraded. In this study, coexpression of human hemoglobin genes and Plesiomonas shigelloides heme transport genes enhanced recombinant hemoglobin production in E. coli BL21(DE3) grown in medium containing heme.
A Preliminary Study of Fake Fingerprints

Fingerprint is a widely used biometrics. Its extensive usage motivates imposter to fabricate fake fingerprints. Vitality detection has been proposed to prevent counterfeit finger attack. Currently the detection can be done either during the process of acquiring fingerprint image or by comparing multiple sequentially acquired images. It is an ongoing research problem to detect whether a given fingerprint image is obtained from a real or a fake fingertip. In this paper we look into the differences between real and fake fingerprints as the first step to approach this problem. Specifically, we study the effects of different imaging sensors on the sizes of templates and on the matching scores between real and fake fingerprints. We also compare the fake fingerprints made from different materials. Experiments are carried out with two publicly available fingerprint databases and the findings are reported. Index Terms—Fingerprint, minutiae, fake, matching, imaging sensors, fabrication materials.
Reply to the comments of O. Jørgensen et al.

Large scale yielding (LSY), in general, has a profound influence on the fracture toughness of metal/dielectric interfaces. For thin metal film/dielectric systems exhibiting “weak” bonding, small-scale yielding (SSY) prevails due to local plastic dissipation intrinsic to crack growth and the high yield strength of metal thin films. For systems involving low yield strength materials and strong interfaces, a more detailed LSY methodology needs to be developed.
Gravitational Waves and X-Ray Signals from Stellar Disruption by a Massive Black Hole

Gravitational waves and X-ray flares are expected from tidal disruption of stars by a massive black hole. Using a relativistic smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, we investigate the fate of main-sequence and helium stars in plunge orbits passing near Schwarzschild or Kerr black holes of mass ~105-106 M☉. We show that quadrupole gravitational waves emitted during the tidal disruption process are described reasonably well by a point-particle approximation even in the strong-encounter case. An additional hydrodynamic calculation based on the Godunov method indicates that shocks develop for sufficiently high tidal compressions. The shock heating results in an X-ray flare, which for solar-type stars disrupted by ~106 M☉ black holes is in the keV range associated with the gravitational wave signal. The hardness and duration of the X-ray flare may serve as a diagnostic of the mass of the central black hole.
Discussion of controversial statements

As a synthesis, seven controversial statements have been discussed at the International TMJ Congress by an expert panel, consisting of Drs. Alastair Goss (Australia), Lars Eriksson (Sweden), and Jeffrey Okeson (USA), and by conference participants.
Children at the Mutoscope

By the late 1890s, mutoscopes were associated with “adult” material. Yet such displays were often accessible to children. Two sources of documentation, an 1899 Hearst newspaper campaign against “picture galleries of hell” and U.S. Farm Security Administration photographs of the 1930s, demonstrate the longevity of American children’s access to mutoscopes. The rhetoric of moral panic used in the Hearst campaign was short-lived and self-interested, but instructive in demonstrating how discourse on new media displays a similarly anxious tenor throughout the twentieth century. By contrast, the FSA photographs reveal that the perceived indecencies of the mutoscope were consigned to the margins by the 1930s.
Differential sensitivity of intranuclear and systemic oxytocin release to central noradrenergic receptor stimulation during mid- and late gestation in rats.

A number of changes occur in the oxytocin (OT) system during gestation, such as increases in hypothalamic OT mRNA, increased neural lobe and systemic OT, and morphological and electrophysiological ...
The Use of Video Modeling With the Picture Exchange Communication System to Increase Independent Communicative Initiations in Preschoolers With Autism and Developmental Delays

The use of video modeling (VM) procedures in conjunction with the picture exchange communication system (PECS) to increase independent communicative initiations in preschool-age students was evalua...
Blind equalization and multiuser detection in dispersive CDMA channels

The problem of blind demodulation of multiuser information symbols in a high-rate code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network in the presence of both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) is considered. The dispersive CDMA channel is first cast into a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal model framework. By applying the theory of blind MIMO channel identification and equalization, it is then shown that under certain conditions the multiuser information symbols can be recovered without any prior knowledge of the channel or the users' signature waveforms (including the desired user's signature waveform), although the algorithmic complexity of such an approach is prohibitively high. However, in practice, the signature waveform of the user of interest is always available at the receiver. It is shown that by incorporating this knowledge, the impulse response of each user's dispersive channel can be identified using a subspace method. It is further shown that based on the identified signal subspace parameters and the channel response, two linear detectors that are capable of suppressing both MAI and ISI, i.e., a zero-forcing detector and a minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector, can be constructed in closed form, at almost no extra computational cost. Data detection can then be furnished by applying these linear detectors (obtained blindly) to the received signal. The major contribution of this paper is the development of these subspace-based blind techniques for joint suppression of MAI and ISI in the dispersive CDMA channels.
Microfluidic Flow Cytometer with On-Chip Lens Systems for Improved Signal Resolution

We demonstrate a microfluidic flow cytometer lab-on-a-chip device employing fluid-filled lenses and a violet laser diode for light scattering measurements.
Sulphur substitution compounds of aminosugars—V: The synthesis of 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-3-mercapto-d-allose and-d-glucose derivatives by displacement reactions☆

Abstract Thiolacetate, benzyl mercaptide and acetate ions in dimethylformamide caused displacements of the 3-O-mesyl group in I and analogous compounds affording derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy- d -allose and/or 2-amino-2-deoxy- d -2-deoxy- d -glucose, the structures of which have been proved. 2-Amino-2,3-dideoxy- d -glucose has been prepared for the first time.
Enterotomy fusion with laser energy: Preliminary results in rabbit ileum

The utility of enterotomy closure with the argon and CO2 lasers was examined in New Zealand white rabbit ileum. Thermal properties of 10 argon (0.5 W power for 30 s, energy fluence 230 J/cm2) and 10 CO2 (1.0 W power for 30 s, energy fluence 2700 J/cm2) laser-fused enterotomies were determined during acute fusion experiments using an AGA 782 digital thermographic camera. Healing of the fusions created by the two lasers was subsequently assessed in an additional group of 28 rabbits by comparing three 1.0-cm longitudinal ileal enterotomies, with each rabbit having both types of laser-welded closures and a sutured control. Thermal measurements made from the 10 closures with each laser revealed that the CO2 fusions generated significantly higher temperatures (max. 198 degrees C, mean 106 +/- 37 degrees C, n = 100) than argon (max. 85.2 degrees C, mean 60.5 + 8.1 degrees C, n = 100) p less than 0.001. In the healing studies, four rabbits died from weld failures (one argon and one CO2 disruption, two rabbits with both welds disrupted). Two additional rabbits died at 1 day and one at 10 days for undetermined reasons. The remainder of the animals were sacrificed at 1 (n = 11), 2 (n = 2) and 4 (n = 9) weeks postoperatively. Sutured closures exhibited more granulation tissue and adhesions surrounding the wounds than did welded closures and seven microabscesses were noted adjacent to sutured repairs. One of the CO2 repairs had an abscess at 4 weeks and none of the argon laser fusions had evidence of disruption or abscess.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physical constraints of chemoreception in foraging copepods

The small-scale spatial and temporal dynamics of phycosphere-sized chemical signals entrained within the feeding current of copepods is quantified here by combining flow visualization techniques with electrochemical technology (IVEC-10). Using the 30-mm electrochemical probe sampling at 50 Hz and the velocity gradients created by two marine copepods, we evaluated how odor deformation improves the potential for remote chemoreception. Our data show that when shear is strong, as found in the feeding current of an omnivore, Pleuromamma xiphias,elongation of the chemical signal is greater than that found for an odor signal entrained in the low-shear feeding current of a carnivore, Euchaeta rimana. Furthermore, within the feeding current of a single species, E. rimana, certain areas provided greater potential for remote chemoreception. These results support the hypotheses that chemical signals are deformed by the feeding current and that the feeding current structure enhances signal detection. The deformation of the odor field within the laminar feeding current provides a leading edge that gives a chemosensitive copepod early warning of an approaching odor source. By sensing the leading edge, a copepod could have a few hundred milliseconds to reorient itself with respect to the odor source. Advance warning improves the probability of successful behavior in response to signal sources such as prey, predators, and mates.
TELEVISED POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE 1992 AND 1996 ELECTIONS: USING TECHNOLOGY TO MANIPULATE VOTERS

Concerns about ethical abuses in televised political advertising have grown substantially as a result of developing video technology. This project was designed to analyze the way in which modern computer and audio/video technologies have been used to create ethically suspect political spots in political campaigns. After suggesting some guidelines that might be used to evaluate technological distortions, the paper reports the results of a content analysis that suggests that 1992 and 1996 presidential spots exhibited a dramatic increase in the use of such technological manipulations. Results indicate that such distortions are more likely to occur in negative ads than in positive ones. The paper also reports preliminary results from experimental studies showing that exposure to spots with technological manipulations does enhance sponsoring candidate image and voting, while diminishing that of the opponent.
Some lateral conjectures in science and psychology

This paper uses aspects of lateral thinking traceable to de Bono (1970) to offer several conjectures relating to selected domains of science and psychology. In one instance, the former domain is that of thermodynamics and information theory and the latter involves mental health. The lateral conjecture takes the form of drawing an analogy between notions of entropy and the ability of the human to construct choices. In another case, a law of thermodynamics is viewed in terms of organizational behavior. In a third instance, a Prigogine idea (Prigogine, 1980) is briefly explored from the perspective of a lateral conjecture. These and other notions are introduced to encourage other researchers interested in the heuristics of lateral thinking within the context of interdisciplinary research.
Three-Dimensional Integration: A Tutorial for Designers

There is a perception that classical semiconductor scaling is undergoing saturation and has recently not been delivering on the historical expectations for cost, power, and performance scaling. Both the cost of technology node development and the cost to manufacture the newer nodes have been escalating, as has the nonrecurring engineering charge for new designs in these newer nodes. This has serious implications for our industry?s ability to sustain the proliferation of increasingly complex systems at affordable prices and the consequent societal impacts.
Na-HCO3 cotransport in rabbit parietal cells.

Na- and HCO3-coupled recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after acid loading was demonstrated in rabbit parietal cells. Intracellular pH of individual resting (i.e., cimetidine treated) parietal cells was continuously measured using microspectrofluorometry of the pH sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethylester. Parietal cells were acidified utilizing NH4Cl or by lowering external pH to 6.2. By means of either technique pHi decreased from 7.1 to approximately 6.6. In solutions containing 1 mM amiloride, which blocked Na-H exchange, pHi recovered only if Na and HCO3 were both present. This amiloride-resistant, Na- and HCO3-dependent pHi recovery was inhibited by 100 microM H2 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (reversibly) and occurred at equal rates in Cl-containing and Cl-free solutions. In NaCl solutions buffered with HCO3-CO2 and containing amiloride, after an acid load pHi recovers to pHi 7.0-7.1 solely through the activity of the Na-HCO3 cotransporter. Therefore, resting parietal cells appear to have a Na-HCO3 cotransporter that serves as a base loader under physiological conditions.
Does Historical Legacy Matter? Comparing Political Discussion in Advanced and Developing Democracies

Does historical political legacy influence current rates of political discussion, and if so, for how long does a historical legacy have an impact? That is, does a country’s former regime type continue to influence this type of interpersonal interaction even after its demise? We examine the role of historical political legacy by modeling rates of political discussion in advanced and developing European democracies, focusing especially on the latter. We hypothesize that for respondents of eastern European countries 1) the effects of socialization under communism on current rates of political discussion should vary by the type of regime and 2) should be greater for older generations, as they were socialized and educated under the former regime. We test our theories with the Eurobarometer surveys, finding limited evidence that the former regime of a country impacts its current rates of political discussion. Moreover, the results are somewhat unexpected, as they neither fit well with our expectations regarding regime type, nor break cleanly along generational lines. Models predicting political discussion in western European countries are presented for comparison.
Loving across the miles: Binational same-sex marriages and the supreme court

In this book chapter, I explore the connections between the obstacles to both marriage and freedom of movement experienced by binational same-sex couples because of both anti same-sex marriage and immigration laws, and those encountered by Richard and Mildred Loving and other interracial couples as a result of anti-miscegenation laws. As I explain more fully below, the Lovings’ story is a story of migration. It’s a border-crossing story that parallels and sheds light on the struggles of binational same-sex partners today who face barriers to marriage and the attendant benefits and privileges of such marriages. Specifically, I argue that the hardships faced by gay and lesbian couples who want to legitimize their relationships through state-recognized marriage mirror the struggles of interracial couples during the heyday of the Civil Rights Movement. Both race and sexual orientation function as barriers to freedom to marry and the law uses these traits to limit free movement. Ultimately, it is this freedom of movement – this migration or immigration – that’s the focus of this chapter, with particular attention paid to the Supreme Court’s role in assessing this freedom. Loving reveals the extent to which the Court affirmed the couple’s desire for free physical, legal, and cultural movement – to break barriers erected by the law that restricted their physical movement (they could not live in Virginia, their home state), their legal movement (they could not legally wed within Virginia), and their cultural movement (they could not wed outside of their respective races). Forty years later, Richard Adams and Tony Sullivan, as well as Austin Naughton and his unnamed Spanish partner, face similar physical, legal, and cultural restrictions on their movement because of their sexual orientation. Describing the current difficulties posed by his relationship with Richard Adams, Tony Sullivan aptly put it: “We would have been able to travel. …” I will discuss these three aspects of movement – the physical, legal, and cultural –barriers to movement that parallel the hardships the Lovings endured under Virginia’s antimiscegenation statute. I will round out this migration trilogy by exploring the ways in which the Court has addressed the cultural migration that has occurred within sexual orientation discourse. While progress had been made on the issue of gay rights as evidenced by the Court’s rulings in Romer v. Evans and Lawrence v. Texas, their most recent decision, Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights (“FAIR”), should give gay rights advocates pause, suggesting that race and sexual orientation may be doomed to follow separate, and hardly ever analogous, paths. I conclude the chapter by offering some thoughts on pending Congressional legislation designed to unite same-sex partners and their families, situating the discussion within the context of the Obama administration’s professed commitment to individual rights and the recent same-sex marriage gains among the states.
The treatment of animal bite injuries of the eye and ocular adnexa.

Animal bites to the eye and ocular adnexa may result in significant morbidity. Management includes wound care and surgical repair of traumatized tissue, treatment of infection (most commonly Pasteurella multocida), appropriate tetanus and rabies prophylaxis, and notification of state public health officials. Language: en
THE POLYTYPIC SPECIES REVISITED: GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF THE TIGER SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM (AMPHIBIA: CAUDATA) COMPLEX

We present a phylogenetic analysis of the Ambystoma tigrinum complex, based on approximately 840 base pairs of mitochondrial-DNA sequence from the rapidly evolving D-loop and an adjacent intron. Our samples include populations of the continentally distributed species, A. tigrinum, plus all described species of Mexican ambystomatids. Sequence divergence is low, ranging from 0-8.5%, and most phylogenetic groupings are weakly supported statistically. We identified eight reasonably well-defined clades from the United States and Mexico, with the geographically isolated A. californiense from California as the probable sister group to the remaining taxa. Our sequence data are not capable of resolving the relationships among these clades, although the pattern of transitional-site evolution suggests that these eight lineages diverged during a period of rapid cladogenesis. We roughly calibrate a molecular clock and identify a few lineages that significantly deviate from the slow, baseline rate of 0.5-0.75% per million years. Our data also suggest that species boundaries for several U.S. and Mexican species need to be altered and that the concept of a continentally distributed, polytypic tiger salamander is not valid.
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE IN FOUR SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA.

Genetic differentiation between geographic populations is the result of local adaptation. Since any local population is most likely to differentiate from the least isolated neighboring population rather than from one that is more closely adapted to parallel environmental conditions but is more isolated, the amount of genetic differentiation that occurs across a species' range depends on and should be proportional to the absolute amount of environmental change that has occurred over this distance rather than on the corresponding net amount of change. The result may be the accumulation of considerable genetic differentiation over a geographic distance even though the net amount of environmental change has been little or nothing. Genetic differentiation between populations involves the accumulation of differences in single genes and other functional units (such as inversions), affecting a large number of polygenic systems. Genetic differentiation should cause many phenotypic changes of varying degrees of apparentness, and some idea of relative degree of differentiation should be arrived at by totalling up all of the perceptible phenotypic differences between populations. When polygenic systems differing in a substantial number of genetic units are combined in a single zygote, there should be a breakdown in the integration of the genotype that is produced. Thus, the relative differentiation of populations should also be evidenced by
Predictors of Large and Small Artery Elasticity in Healthy Subjects From 9 to 89 Years Old

BACKGROUND We identified demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and ambulatory activity measures that predict large and small artery elasticity in apparently healthy subjects between 9 and 89 years of age. METHODS A total of 480 subjects were assessed on large artery elasticity index (LAEI), small artery elasticity index (SAEI), demographic measures, cardiovascular risk factors, and daily ambulation during 7 consecutive days. All possible regression and Mallow's C(p) were used to select multivariate models for prediction of LAEI and SAEI. RESULTS In subjects 20 years of age and younger, LAEI model (R(2) = 0.25, P < 0.001) included age, average ambulatory cadence, and obesity. SAEI model (R(2) = 0.39, P < 0.001) contained body mass index (BMI), maximum daily ambulatory cadence for 30 continuous min, age, and total ambulatory strides. In subjects between 21 and 50 years, LAEI model (R(2) = 0.41, P < 0.001) included systolic blood pressure (SBP), gender, race, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). SAEI model (R(2) = 0.42, P < 0.001) contained gender, BMI, DBP, race, dyslipidemia, and SBP. In subjects older than 50 years, LAEI model (R(2) = 0.54, P < 0.001) included SBP, gender, age, and BMI. SAEI model (R(2) = 0.45, P < 0.001) contained gender, age, BMI, DBP, current smoking, and SBP. CONCLUSIONS Daily ambulatory activity, particularly cadence of 30 continuous min of ambulation, is positively associated with arterial elasticity in children and adolescents. In contrast, the predominant factors related to the decline in arterial elasticity in adults are blood pressure and age.
Normal saline as a natural intravascular contrast agent for dynamic perfusion-weighted MRI of the brain: Proof of concept at 1.5T.

Purpose Gadolinium-based contrast agents have associated risks. Normal saline (NS) is a nontoxic sodium chloride water solution that can significantly increase the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times of blood via transient hemodilution (THD). The purpose of this pilot study was to test in vivo in the head the potential of normal saline as a safer, exogenous perfusion contrast agent. Materials and Methods This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant prospective study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (IRB): 12 patients were scanned with T1-weighted inversion recovery turbo spin echo pulse sequence at 1.5T. The dynamic inversion recovery pulse sequence was run before, during, and after the NS injection for up to 5 minutes: 100 ml of NS was power-injected via antecubital veins at 3–4 ml/s. Images were processed to map maximum enhancement area-under-the-curve, time-to-peak, and mean-transit-time. These maps were used to identify the areas showing significant NS injection-related signal and to generate enhancement time curves. Hardware and pulse sequence stability were studied via phantom experimentation. Main features of the time curves were tested against theoretical modeling of THD signal effects using inversion recovery pulse sequences. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) mapping was used to differentiate genuine THD effects from motion confounders and noise. Results The scans of 8 out of 12 patients showed NS injection-related effects that correlate in magnitude with tissue type (gray matter ∼15% and white matter ∼3%). Motion artifacts prevented ascertaining NS signal effects in the remaining four patients. Positive and negative time curves were observed in vivo and this dual THD signal polarity was also observed in the theoretical simulations. R-histograms that were approximately constant in the range 0.1 0.5) = 0.45 and 0.59 were found to represent scans with genuine THD signal effects. Conclusion A measurable perfusion effect in brain tissue was demonstrated in vivo using NS as an injectable intravascular contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1580–1591.
Present situation investigation on occupational hazards of a titanium alloy precision casting enterprise in Beijing City

[Objective]To understand the main occupational hazards in the casting process of a titanium alloy precision casting enterprise in Beijing City,and its influence on the health of workers. [Methods]The method of field investigation,field test and workers occupational health inspection were combined for the comprehensive analysis and evaluation.[Results] The main occupational hazards were productive dusts,such as welding fume,alumina dust and other dust,as well as toxic substances such as wax fume,methyl ethyl ketone,ethanol,ozone,carbon monoxide,nitrogen oxide( metering by nitrogen dioxide) and physical factors such as welding arc light,heat,noise. Test results showed that,except for high noise posts 8 hours equivalent sound level exceeded the national occupation hygienic standard,productive dust,toxic substances and other physical factors results were in line with national occupation health standards. Occupational health examination identified 2 cases of occupational contraindication,no suspected occupational case and occupational disease patients were found.[Conclusion]Viarious types of occupational hazards exist in casting process of the foundry enterprise. The main occupational hazard is noise in the foundry enterprise,exceeding the standard seriously. It is necessary to strengthen the noise reduction and personal protection,as well as the protection against butanone to protect the health of workers.