cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gapped Spectral Dictionaries and Their Applications for Database Searches of Tandem Mass Spectra

Generating all plausible de novo interpretations of a peptide tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrum (Spectral Dictionary) and quickly matching them against the database represent a recently emerged alternative approach to peptide identification. However, the sizes of the Spectral Dictionaries quickly grow with the peptide length making their generation impractical for long peptides. We introduce Gapped Spectral Dictionaries (all plausible de novo interpretations with gaps) that can be easily generated for any peptide length thus addressing the limitation of the Spectral Dictionary approach. We show that Gapped Spectral Dictionaries are small thus opening a possibility of using them to speed-up MS/MS searches. Our MS-GappedDictionary algorithm (based on Gapped Spectral Dictionaries) enables proteogenomics applications (such as searches in the six-frame translation of the human genome) that are prohibitively time consuming with existing approaches. MS-GappedDictionary generates gapped peptides that occupy a niche between accurate but short peptide sequence tags and long but inaccurate full length peptide reconstructions. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, some high-quality spectra do not have good peptide sequence tags and introduce gapped tags that have advantages over the conventional peptide sequence tags in MS/MS database searches.
Measuring the scalability of relationally mapped semistructured queries

The explosive growth of XML has led to an increasing need for scalable XML retrieval systems. Our XML retrieval system, the SQLGenerator, stores XML of any schema in a fixed schema relational database and supports a full-featured semistructured query language, XML-QL, through optimized translation of its semantics to relational SQL queries. We examine the scalability of this approach with respect to increasing data size. We index four XML collections ranging in size from 500MB to 2GB that were generated using a standard XML generator, XBench. We then compare the execution times of 11 standard XBench queries, covering a wide range of semistructured query features, whose semantics were directly translatable from their original XQuery language to XML-QL. Although it is difficult to estimate the theoretical baseline for scalability of these query features in an RDBMS, many of the queries' runtimes grow linearly with respect to the size of the document collection.
Influence of sublimation and pyrolysis on quasi-steady deflagrations in confined porous energetic materials

Deflagrations in porous energetic materials under confinement are generally characterized by a relatively rapid increase in the burning rate as the pressure difference, or overpressure, in the burned-gas region relative to that deep within the pores of the unburned solid increases. Specifically, there appears to be a range of overpressures in which the sensitivity, or slope, of the propagation speed as a function of overpressure transitions from relatively small to large values. This effect has been qualitatively attributed to the fact that a sufficient overpressure reverses the gas flow and thus allows the burned gas to permeate, and therefore preheat, the porous material. However, quantitative descriptions of both the process itself and the corresponding burning-rate dependencies have only recently been achieved. The present work reflects a further refinement in this analytical description in that the melt layer, which underlies several previous studies and is likely to exist only at modest overpressures, is replaced by sublimation and pyrolysis at the material surface, followed by an attached gas flame that converts the unburned gaseous reactants to final products. As a result, gaseous reactants as well as products now permeate the porous solid, thereby affecting the propagation speed significantly and modifying both the combustion-wave structure and the transition to convection-enhanced burning.
A 1 megawatt polyphase boost converter-modulator for klystron pulse application

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper describes electrical design criteria and first operational results a 140 kV, 1 MW average, 10 MW peak, zero-voltage-switching 20 kHz polyphase bridge, boost converter/modulator for klystron pulse application. The DC-DC converter derives the buss voltages from a standard 13.8 kV to 2300 Y substation cast-core transformer. Energy storage and filtering is provided by self-clearing metallized hazy polypropylene traction capacitors. Three "H-Bridge" insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switching networks are used to generate the polyphase 20 kHz transformer primary drive waveforms. The 20 kHz drive waveforms are chirped the appropriate duration to generate the desired klystron pulse width. PWM (pulse width modulation) of the individual 20 kHz pulses is utilized to provide regulated output waveforms with adaptive feedforward and feedback techniques. The boost transformer design utilizes amorphous nanocrystalline material that provides the required low core loss at design flux levels and switching frequencies. Resonant shunt-peaking is used on the transformer secondary to boost output voltage and resonate transformer leakage inductance. With the appropriate transformer leakage inductance and peaking capacitance, zero-voltage-switching of the IGBT's is attained, minimizing switching losses. A review of these design parameters and the first results of the performance characteristics will be presented.
Bipolar Jets and Orbital Dynamics of the Supersoft X-Ray Source RX J0019.8+2156

Between 1994 July and 1997 February we monitored the optical spectrum of RX J0019.8+2156. This supersoft X-ray source is one of only two accreting white dwarfs in the Galaxy that are thought to be burning hydrogen on their surface as a consequence of a high rate of mass transfer from a binary companion. Accurate orbital ephemerides are derived from radial velocity measurements for the white dwarf, which are obtained from strong He II emission lines with a stable velocity semiamplitude of K = 71.2 ± 3.6 km s-1. We report the discovery of transient, low-velocity, bipolar jets. These jets are represented by redshifted-blueshifted pairs of emission lines from H and He II with an outflow velocity of v cos (i) ~ 815 km s-1, where i is the binary inclination angle. When present, the jet lines seen in Hα also exhibit an orbital modulation of 71 km s-1, which strengthens the interpretation that this is the orbital velocity of the white dwarf and also indicates that the jets are oriented nearly perpendicular to the orbital plane. On most occasions, the H emission line profiles are further altered by P Cygni absorption effects, and the strength of this absorption is also dependent on binary phase. We show that the jets and the P Cygni features have very different temporal characteristics and binary phase dependence; thus, we conclude that the outflowing material and the absorbing wind must have essentially different geometries. Finally, the measured mass function is combined with binary evolution models to suggest a limit on the inclination angle, i < 40°. A particular model invoked to explain a high rate of mass transfer requires 16° < i < 25°. However, at such small inclination it is difficult to explain the large amplitude of the orbital light curve (~0.5 mag). Alternatively, the results could signify substantial vertical structure in the accretions disks of supersoft X-ray sources. By contrast, a simple model fit to the jet outflow lines indicates an orbital inclination angle of 35° < i < 60°.
Making negotiated land reform work : initial experience from Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa

Can land reform have a lasting impact on poverty reduction? The paper describes and evaluates a new type of negotiated land redistribution and highlights key areas that merit attention in designing programs of this nature. The author describes a new type of negotiated land reform that relies on voluntary land transfers negotiated between buyers and sellers, with the government's role restricted to establishing the necessary framework for negotiation and making a land purchase grant available to eligible beneficiaries. This approach has emerged-following the end of the Cold War and broad macroeconomic adjustment - as many countries face a second generation of reforms to address deep-rooted structural problems and provide a basis for sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. The author describes initial experiences in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa. It is too soon to know whether negotiated land reform can rise to the challenges administrative land reform failed to solve but the data so far suggests that: -Negotiated land reform can succeed only if measures are taken to make the market for land sales and rentals more fluid transparent. -Productive projects are likely to be the key to market-assisted land reform. The potential for project productivity establishes an upper bound on the price to be paid and a basis for financial intermediaries to evaluate the project. It also requires beneficiaries to familiarize themselves with the realities they`re likely to confront as independent farmers and the limits to how much land reform can help them achieve their goals. -The only way to effectively coordinate the entities involved in the process is through decentralized, demand-driven implementation. -The long-run success of land reform depends on getting the private sector involved and using the land purchase grant to crowd in private money. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor and evaluate a number of innovative approaches to land reform in various countries. The author may be contacted at kdeininger@worldbank.org.
Integrative Seminar in a Geriatric Consortium

Integration of knowledge and skills is a process essential for the education of social work students. This paper describes an integrative seminar designed for students who participate in a consortium, sponsored by the Hartford Partnership Program for Aging Education (HPPAE). The seminar enables students to deepen the relationship between classroom and fieldwork learning. Beyond that, this integration process teaches students leadership skills as they contribute social work values and knowledge to inter-disciplinary teams in their field settings and collaborate with others as they develop professionally.
Poverty, equity, human rights and health

Those concerned with poverty and health have sometimes viewed equity and human rights as abstract concepts with little practical application, and links between health, equity and human rights have not been examined systematically. Examination of the concepts of poverty, equity, and human rights in relation to health and to each other demonstrates that they are closely linked conceptually and operationally and that each provides valuable, unique guidance for health institutions' work. Equity and human rights perspectives can contribute concretely to health institutions' efforts to tackle poverty and health, and focusing on poverty is essential to operationalizing those commitments. Both equity and human rights principles dictate the necessity to strive for equal opportunity for health for groups of people who have suffered marginalization or discrimination. Health institutions can deal with poverty and health within a framework encompassing equity and human rights concerns in five general ways: (1) institutionalizing the systematic and routine application of equity and human rights perspectives to all health sector actions; (2) strengthening and extending the public health functions, other than health care, that create the conditions necessary for health; (3) implementing equitable health care financing, which should help reduce poverty while increasing access for the poor; (4) ensuring that health services respond effectively to the major causes of preventable ill-health among the poor and disadvantaged; and (5) monitoring, advocating and taking action to address the potential health equity and human rights implications of policies in all sectors affecting health, not only the health sector.
Monte Carlo Renormalization Group: a review

The logic and the methods of Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) are reviewed. A status report of results for 4-dimensional lattice gauge theories derived using MCRG is presented. Existing methods for calculating the improved action are reviewed and evaluated. The Gupta-Cordery improved MCRG method is described and compared with the standard one.
The Effects of Job Site Sanitation and Living Conditions on the Health and Welfare of Agricultural Workers

The lack of field toilets on agricultural job sites increases the probability of gastrointestinal disorders by 60%. Adverse living conditions significantly increase the probability of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and muscular problems. These three health problems do not appear to increase the probability that a worker's family is on welfare or lower workers' earnings. Respiratory problems, however, substantially increase the probability that the worker receives unemployment compensation.
Market Power and Price Movements over the Business Cycle

This paper develops and tests implications of an oligopoly-pricing model. The model predicts that during a demand expansion, the short run competitive price is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium but in a recession, firms set prices above the competitive price. Thus, price markups over the competitive price are countercyclical. Prices set during a recession are more variable than prices set in expansions because firms employ mixed strategy pricing in recessions. The empirical analysis utilizes Hamilton’s time series switching regime filter to test the predictions of the model. Fourteen out of fifteen industries have fluctuations consistent with this oligopoly-pricing model.
An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics

We document and analyze the emergence of a substantial gender gap in mathematics in the early years of schooling using a large, recent, and nationally representative panel of US children. There are no mean differences between boys and girls upon entry to school, but girls lose more than two-tenths of a standard deviation relative to boys over the first six years of school. The ground lost by girls relative to boys is roughly half as large as the black-white test score gap that appears over these same ages. We document the presence of this gender math gap across every strata of society. We explore a wide range of possible explanations in the data, including less investment by girls in math, low parental expectations, and biased tests, but find little support for these theories. Moving to cross-country comparisons, we find earlier results linking the gender gap in math to measures of gender equality are sensitive to the inclusion of Muslim countries, where, in spite of women's low status, there is little or no gender gap in math.
Effects Of Measurement And Parameter Uncertainties On The Power Transfer Distribution Factors

This paper investigates the effects of measurement and parameter errors on the calculation of power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs). Calculation of PTDFs depends mainly on two factors: the operating conditions and the network topology. Both of these factors change in real time and are monitored through the use of a state estimator. The role of the state estimator in providing not only the state information but also the real-time network model is shown to influence power market operations via PTDF-based decisions such as congestion management and pricing. The IEEE 14 bus test system is used for the illustration of these influences.
Assessing the impact of the built environment on travel behavior: a case study of Buffalo, New York

Assessing the impact of characteristics of the built environment on travel behavior can yield valuable tools for land use and transportation planning. Of particular interest are planning models that can estimate the effects of ‘smart growth’ planning. In this paper, a post-processor method of quantifying and searching for relationships among many aspects of travel behavior and the built environment is developed and applied to the Buffalo, NY area. A wide scope of travel behavior is examined, and over 50 variables, many of which are based on high-detail data sources, are examined for potentially quantifying the built environment. Linear modeling is then used to relate travel behavior and the built environment, and the resulting models may be applied in a post-processor fashion to travel models to provide some measure of sensitivity to built environment modifications. The study’s findings demonstrate that mode choice is highly correlated to measures of the built environment, and that many of the principles of smart growth appear to be a valid way to encourage non-vehicle travel. Home-based VHT and VMT appear to be affected by the built environment to a lesser degree.
Complexity Arrangements for Sustained Innovation: Lessons from 3M Corporation

Innovation processes are complex. It is through local interactions among people and technologies that diverse and novel outcomes emerge. Even when governed by simple rules, such interactions can generate nonlinear temporal dynamics. Given such complexities, how might an organization sustain innovation for continued growth and vitality? Drawing on an in-depth study of innovation practices and journeys at 3M Corporation, we identify how combinations of practices — which we conceptualize as complexity arrangements — afford multiple agentic orientations simultaneously for the actors involved and thereby facilitate sustained innovation.
Female preference for dynamic traits in the green swordtail,Xiphophorus helleri

Analyses of the relationship between female preference and male behaviour have been complicated by correlated variation in factors such as male size and appearance. This study examined the effects of systematically manipulating male behaviour, while holding male morphology constant. Female green swordtails were shown video-recorded sequences of the same male engaging in an active courtship display, performing similar levels of feeding activity, and remaining inactive. Control sequences of moving food particles and of an empty aquarium were also presented. Female responsiveness was significantly different across time intervals (before, during and after the stimulus) for the three stimuli showing a male, but not for the two controls. Analyses of female behaviour patterns during the stimulus presentations revealed that they preferred sequences of courting males to all other stimuli. Females did not respond differently to the feeding and inactive sequences. These results indicate that female interest depends upon a specific set of motor patterns, and suggest that male behaviour and morphology may act synergistically to determine female preference. Video stimuli should prove useful in future experiments seeking to identify the role of specific courtship motor patterns in mate choice.
Geometry Shapes Evolution of Early Multicellularity

Organisms have increased in complexity through a series of major evolutionary transitions, in which formerly autonomous entities become parts of a novel higher-level entity. One intriguing feature of the higher-level entity after some major transitions is a division of reproductive labor among its lower-level units in which reproduction is the sole responsibility of a subset of units. Although it can have clear benefits once established, it is unknown how such reproductive division of labor originates. We consider a recent evolution experiment on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a unique platform to address the issue of reproductive differentiation during an evolutionary transition in individuality. In the experiment, independent yeast lineages evolved a multicellular “snowflake-like” cluster formed in response to gravity selection. Shortly after the evolution of clusters, the yeast evolved higher rates of cell death. While cell death enables clusters to split apart and form new groups, it also reduces their performance in the face of gravity selection. To understand the selective value of increased cell death, we create a mathematical model of the cellular arrangement within snowflake yeast clusters. The model reveals that the mechanism of cell death and the geometry of the snowflake interact in complex, evolutionarily important ways. We find that the organization of snowflake yeast imposes powerful limitations on the available space for new cell growth. By dying more frequently, cells in clusters avoid encountering space limitations, and, paradoxically, reach higher numbers. In addition, selection for particular group sizes can explain the increased rate of apoptosis both in terms of total cell number and total numbers of collectives. Thus, by considering the geometry of a primitive multicellular organism we can gain insight into the initial emergence of reproductive division of labor during an evolutionary transition in individuality.
The ubiquity of Thompson's group F in groups of piecewise linear homeomorphisms of the unit interval

We show that Thompson's group F occurs with great frequency in the group of PL homeomorphisms of the unit interval.
OPTIMAL AEROASSISTED INTERCEPT TRAJECTORIES AT HYPERBOLIC SPEEDS

This paper considers the optimization of Earth-based multistage rocket interceptors with very short flight times and long ranges. The objective is the minimization of the launch mass as a function of interceptor design variables such as stage size, engine burn times, and the angle-of-attack program. Because of the demanding target conditions, the payload reaches hyperbolic speeds and the centrifugal forces greatly exceeds the gravity force. The minimization of launch mass shows that the needed downforce on the payload is best provided by negative aerodynamic lift. The description of such negative-lift, aeroassisted optimal trajectories is a principal goal of the paper. Topics treated include the following: a model for the multistage interceptor, the formulation of the optimization problem, the mathematical derivation of a universal curve that provides a simple and accurate model for negative-lift segments of the optimal trajectories, and effective procedures for efficient numerical optimization. Results of solution studies are reported. For flight times of 6 min and a range of about 3000 miles, a five-stage interceptor requires a mass ratio of several thousand. The dependence of the optimal mass ratio on key design and target parameters is described.
Online social networking skills: The social affordances approach to digital inequality

This paper sets out to develop a theoretical framework for examining implications of digital media uses for digital inequality in the domain of social interaction. First, by drawing on the social affordances perspective, this paper seeks to establish an additional dimension of digital skills, namely, online social networking skills. Furthermore, to explore the implications of interactional ICT use for digital inequality, this paper theorizes how people’s online social networking skills may condition their uses of various digital media for communication (i.e. communication multiplexity) and proposes two propositions for future empirical examination.
The European used-car market at a glance: Hedonic resale price valuation in automotive leasing industry

In the leasing industry, the risk of loss on sales at the end of the contract term, as well as pricing are critically impacted by the forecasted resale price of the asset (residual value). We apply the Hedonic methodology to European auto lease portfolios, in order to estimate the resale price distribution. The Hedonic approach estimates the price of a good through the valuation of its attributes. Following a discussion on Hedonic prices, we propose an operational model for the automobile resale market. The model is applied to four European countries (France, Germany, Spain and Great Britain), and distributions are calculated on two vehicle versions (Audi A4 & Ford Focus) allowing a comparison of market depreciation patterns and residual value risks.
Comment on the background independent open string theory

Abstract A direct derivation is given of the string field theory action in Witten's background independent open string theory for the case when ghosts and matter are decoupled and consequences are discussed.
We feel, therefore we learn: The relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education.

Recent advances in neuroscience are highlighting connections between emotion, social functioning, and decision making that have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the role of affect in education. In particular, the neurobiological evidence suggests that the aspects of cognition that we recruit most heavily in schools, namely learning, attention, memory, decision making, and social functioning, are both profoundly affected by and subsumed within the processes of emotion; we call these aspects emotional thought. Moreover, the evidence from brain-damaged patients suggests the hypothesis that emotion-related processes are required for skills and knowledge to be transferred from the structured school environment to real-world decision making because they provide an emotional rudder to guide judgment and action. Taken together, the evidence we present sketches an account of the neurobiological underpinnings of morality, creativity, and culture, all topics of critical importance to education. Our hope is that a better understanding of the neurobiological relationships between these constructs will provide a new basis for innovation in the design of learning environments. Note: The lead author appears twice in this issue of LEARNing Landscapes: first in the reprint cited below, and next, in an accompanying follow-up article that features poetry from her daughter Nora Ming-Min Yang. Immordino-Yang, M.H., & Damasio, A.R. (2007). We feel, therefore we learn: The relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education. Mind, Brain and Education, 1(1), 3–10. * Reprinted in Jossey-Bass Reader on the Brain and Learning (pp. 183–198). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cut-through bridging for CSMA/CD local area networks

A novel bridging architecture, called a cut-through bridge, which can be used to interconnect existing carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) LANs is proposed. This bridge uses the cut-through switching concept. After providing a design of this bridge, the authors examine its performance via a detailed simulation model. They demonstrate the performance enhancement achievable by the cut-through bridge over a normal bridge, namely lower average frame delay while attaining the same maximum throughput as the latter. Since the cut-through bridge can be readily used to replace passive repeaters while achieving superior performance, it has promise for immediate application in existing CSMA/CD LANs. >
Networking for success in cyberspace

Several key technologies are converging to create the emerging cyberspace. We characterize this convergence process as one of cumulative synthesis and suggest that the network mode of organization is the most appropriate for facilitating convergence.
Service Needs among Latino Immigrant Families: Implications for Social Work Practice

This study sought to learn from Latino immigrant families what services they need to promote their families' well-being within a context of stringent anti-immigrant legislation. Fifty-two Latino immigrant parents participated in focus groups. Focus groups took place following the passage of Senate Bill 1070. Findings reveal five major categories of need: mental health, physical health care, education, information and support services, and community efforts. Participants' experiences as immigrants played a significant role in their narratives. The narratives reveal that families need assistance navigating systems of care, coping with discrimination and oppressive environments, strengthening ties among community members, and advocating for policy change. Social workers are called to address the needs of this community and advocate for human rights and social justice.
Equality between functionals in the presence of coproducts

We consider the lambda calculus obtained from the simply typed calculus by adding products, coproducts, and a terminal type. We prove the following theorem: The equations provable in this calculus are precisely those true in any set-theoretic model with an infinite base type.
Brauer-Siegel for arithmetic tori and lower bounds for Galois orbits of special points

In \cite{S}, Shyr derived an analogue of Dirichlet's class number formula for arithmetic Tori. We use this formula to derive a Brauer-Siegel formula for Tori, relating the Discriminant of a torus to the product of its regulator and class number. We apply this formula to derive asymptotics and lower bounds for Galois orbits of CM points in the Siegel modular variety $A_{g,1}$. Specifically, we ask that the sizes of these orbits grows like a power of Discriminant of the underlying endomorphism algebra. We prove this unconditionally in the case $g\leq 5$, and for all $g$ under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for CM fields. Along the way we derive a general transfer principle for torsion in ideal class groups of number fields.
The 801 minicomputer

This paper provides an overview of an experimental system developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. It consists of a running hardware prototype, a control program, and an optimizing compiler. The basic concepts underlying the system are discussed, as are the performance characteristics of the prototype. In particular, three principles are examined: (1) system orientation towards the pervasive use of high-level language programming and a sophisticated compiler, (2) a primitive instruction set which can be completely hard-wired, and (3) storage hierarchy and I/O organization to enable the CPU to execute an instruction at almost every cycle.
Reactions of Tetramesityldisilene with Azides: Synthesis of Disilaaziridines

Abstract The reactions of several organic azides (RN3) with tetramesityldisilene (1) were studied. Azides with R = Ph or Mes each gave two products, a disilaaziridine and a disilatriazoline. When R = PhCH2 or Me3SiCH2 intermediate adducts of the azide and the disilene were found. These adducts and the disilatriazolines both react thermally to yield the respective disilaaziridines. For R = Me3Si only a disilaaziridine was observed, the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography and was found to have a short SiSi internuclear distance of 2.23 A. Crystal data: R = trimethylsilyl, a 23.561(3), b 19.001(3), c 16.916(3) A, monoclinic, β = 106.095°, C2/c, Z = 8. Novel five-membered silicon heterocycles were isolated from the reactions of 1 with toluenesulfonyl azide and diphenylphosphonyl azide.
Dynamics of Diblock Copolymers in Dilute Solutions

In the present work we consider the dynamics of freely translating and rotating diblock (A−B), Gaussian copolymers, in dilute solutions. Using the previously developed multiple scattering technique [J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 2657, 2088; 1979, 70, 5875 (refs 1−3)]applied to the study of suspensions of spheres and polymerswe have computed the diffusion and the friction coefficients DAB and ζAB, respectively, and the change δηAB in the viscosity of the solution as functions of x = NA/N and t = lB/lA, where NA and N are the number of segments of the A block and of the whole copolymer, respectively, and lA and lB are the Kuhn lengths of the A and B blocks. Specific regimes that maximize the difference between the diffusion constants of copolymers with distinct t values, which lead to increasing the efficiency of separation processes, have been identified.
Embedded Factor Patterns for Deodhar Elements in Kazhdan-Lusztig Theory

The Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for nite Weyl groups arise in the geometry of Schubert varieties and representation theory. It was proved very soon after their introduction that they have nonnegative integer coefcients, but no simple all positive interpretation for them is known in general. Deodhar (16) has given a framework for computing the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials which generally involves recursion. We dene embedded factor pattern avoidance for general Coxeter groups and use it to characterize when Deodhar's algorithm yields a simple combinatorial formula for the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of nite Weyl groups. Equivalently, if (W; S) is a Coxeter system for a nite Weyl group, we classify the elements w 2 W for which the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis element C 0 can be written as a monomial of C 0 where s 2 S. This work generalizes results of Billey-Warrington (8) that identied the Deodhar elements in type A as 321-hexagon-avoiding permutations, and Fan-Green (18) that identied the fully-tight Coxeter groups.
Stiffness matrices for thin triangular elements of nonzero Gaussian curvature.

Stiffness matrix of thin flat triangular elements of nonzero Gaussian curvature derived by reducing geometrical idealization errors
A double-bounce channel model for multi-polarized MIMO systems

Measurement campaigns have indicated that propagation paths with multiple reflections are important in indoor and picocell environments. It has also been found that it is difficult to match both angles and delays using single-bounce models. A double-bounce multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel model is proposed that also includes polarization. The scattering geometry based channel model is extended to two scattering instants per path, i.e. double-bounce, in order to model indoor and picocell environments better. Formulas for determining the required positions of the scatterers in order to yield a desired angular spread are derived under the double-bounce assumption. Furthermore, a physics based full field treatment of the polarization properties of the antennas is possible since the scattering geometry based models keep the same physical layout as the experiments. The validity of the model is examined by comparing simulations of the channel capacity to measurements taken with a MIMO channel probing equipment at the campus of Brigham Young University.
Feeding the Illusion of Growth and Happiness: A Reply to Hagerty and Veenhoven.

In a rebuttal of Easterlin (1995), Hagerty and Veenhoven (2003) analyze data for 21 countries and conclude that “growing national income does go with greater happiness.” But the U.S. experience does not support this conclusion, which they obtain only by mixing together two sets of noncomparable surverys. Moreover, the result of studies of European countries and the U.S. by other scholars do not support their claim either. Furthermore, the experience of 6 out of 7 of their non-European countries fail to support their claim. Finally, if countries in their analysis with quite similar growth rates are grouped, one finds quite disparate trends in happiness, suggesting that factors other than growth in income are responsible for the differential trends in happiness. Instead of straining to feed the illusion that a focus on economic growth will create happiness, an approach is needed that explores the impact on national trends in life satisfaction, not just of material goods, but also of family life, health, work utility, and the like.
On the delay of network coding over line networks

We analyze a simple network where a source and a receiver are connected by a line of erasure channels of different reliabilities. Recent prior work has shown that random linear network coding can achieve the min-cut capacity and therefore the asymptotic rate is determined by the worst link of the line network. In this paper we investigate the delay for transmitting a batch of packets, which is a function of all the erasure probabilities and the number of packets in the batch. We show a monotonicity result on the delay function and derive simple expressions which characterize the expected delay behavior of line networks. Further, we use a martingale bounded differences argument to show that the actual delay is tightly concentrated around its expectation.
The Impact of Organizational Features and Student Experiences on Spiritual Development During the First Year of College

The researcher analyzed National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) data for over 7,000 first-year students at nearly 450 institutions to examine the impacts on spiritual development. International, Asian, and first generation students reported gains in spirituality. Participating in worshipful activities, engaging in service learning and encountering diversity in the classroom relate positively to spiritual development, and students’ perceptions of positive peer relationships and institutional support for social and nonacademic needs relate to spiritual development. Certain organizational features such as general education coursework in religion/spirituality, institutional mission statements containing spiritual language, and required religious observances positively impact first-year students’ spiritual development.
An estimator-predictor approach to PLL loop filter design

The design of digital phase locked loops (DPLL) using estimation theory concepts in the selection of a loop filter is presented. The key concept, that the DPLL closed-loop transfer function is decomposed into an estimator and a predictor, is discussed. The estimator provides recursive estimates of phase, frequency, and higher-order derivatives, and the predictor compensates for the transport lag inherent in the loop. >
Monte-Carlo optimizations for resource allocation problems in stochastic network systems

Real-world distributed systems and networks are often unreliable and subject to random failures of its components. Such a stochastic behavior affects adversely the complexity of optimization tasks performed routinely upon such systems. In this work we investigate Monte Carlo solutions for a class of two-stage optimization problems in stochastic networks in which the expected value of resources allocated before and after the occurence of stochastic failures needs to be optimized. The limitation of these problems is that their exact solutions are exponential in the number of unreliable network components: thus, exact methods do not scale-up well to large networks often seen in practice. We first show that Monte Carlo optimization methods can overcome the exponential bottleneck of exact methods. Next we support our theoretical findings on resource allocation experiments and show a very good scale-up potential of the methods on problems with large stochastic networks.
Surrogate parenthood: protected and informative graphs

Many applications, including provenance and some analyses of social networks, require path-based queries over graphstructured data. When these graphs contain sensitive information, paths may be broken, resulting in uninformative query results. This paper presents innovative techniques that give users more informative graph query results; the techniques leverage a common industry practice of providing what we call surrogates: alternate, less sensitive versions of nodes and edges releasable to a broader community. We describe techniques for interposing surrogate nodes and edges to protect sensitive graph components, while maximizing graph connectivity and giving users as much information as possible. In this work, we formalize the problem of creating a protected account G' of a graph G. We provide a utility measure to compare the informativeness of alternate protected accounts and an opacity measure for protected accounts, which indicates the likelihood that an attacker can recreate the topology of the original graph from the protected account. We provide an algorithm to create a maximally useful protected account of a sensitive graph, and show through evaluation with the PLUS prototype that using surrogates and protected accounts adds value for the user, with no significant impact on the time required to generate results for graph queries.
Microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Fagaceae : Quercus rubra)

We provide primer sequences for 14 (GA), microsatellite loci developed from northern red oak, an important timber species. We screened loci using two sets of samples. A parentoffspring set included DNA from seven acorns collected from one mother tree along with maternal DNA, to determine that all progeny carried a maternal allele at each locus. The other set was comprised of 10 adult trees sampled from Indiana old-growth forest, providing a measure of diversity revealed by each locus.
Active high-power RF pulse compression using optically switched resonant delay lines

We present the design and a proof of principle experimental results of an optically controlled high-power RP pulse-compression system. In principle, the design should handle a few hundreds of megawatts of power at X-band. The system is based on the switched resonant delay-line theory [1]. It employs resonant delay lines as a means of storing RF energy. The coupling to the lines is optimized for maximum energy storage during the charging phase. To discharge the lines, a high-power microwave switch increases the coupling to the lines just before the start of the output pulse. The high-power microwave switch required for this system is realized using optical excitation of an electron-hole plasma layer on the surface of a pure silicon wafer. The switch is designed to operate in the TE/sub 01/ mode in a circular waveguide to avoid the edge effects present at the interface between the silicon wafer and the supporting waveguide; thus, enhancing its power handling capability.
OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS FOR ULTRAVIOLET TRANSITIONS IN P ii

We report lifetimes, branching fractions, and the resulting oscillator strengths for transitions within the P II multiplet (3s23p2 3P-3s23p4s 3Po) at 1154 A. These beam-foil measurements represent the most comprehensive and precise set currently available experimentally. Comparison with earlier experimental and theoretical results is very good. Since Morton's most recent compilation is based on the earlier body of results, phosphorus abundances for interstellar material in our Galaxy and beyond derived from λ1154 do not require any revision.
Integration and automatic fault location techniques in large digital data systems

A digital computer, if used with proper programming techniques, can be a powerful tool during the processes of physical integration of complex digital data processing systems. After system integration, as such, has been completed the same techniques may be used to provide performance monitoring and daily calibration status data for all or any part of a system.Investigation of such programming techniques during system integration of the Developmental Navy Tactical Data System (NTDS) at USNEL produced results which indicated the possibility of using the computer for automatic fault location in the system. Some progress has been made in this area, and a program which allows the NTDS computer to identify a failing logic card associated with its own memory logic and switching circuitry has been successfully demonstrated. The final objectives of this approach are to provide facilities to perform on line performance monitoring and automatic fault location, reduce to a minimum the external test equipment required for a system, and eliminate insofar as possible the high degree of training presently required in the system maintenance technician.
Associations Between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Comparison Between Self-Report and Accelerometry.

Abstract Purpose. To assess the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in U.S. adults. Design. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. Setting. The study was set among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Subjects. Adults, ages 20 years and older, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 (n = 5580) participated in the study. Measures. PA measures included minutes per week of moderate plus vigorous PA estimated by self-report (MVPAsr), total 7-day accelerometry (MVPAa), and accelerometer-based MVPA performed in 10-minute bouts (MVPAb). Risk factors for metabolic syndrome included blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and waist circumference. Analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) for having metabolic syndrome were calculated for men and women who met the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans compared to those who did not. Resul...
Empirical and policy performance of a forward-looking monetary model

In this paper we consider the implications of a fully specified dynamic general equilibrium model, developed by Smets and Wouters (2003). This is a relatively large-scale forward-looking model, which was shown to provide a good fit to the data. We show that systematically accounting for prior uncertainty may lead to substantially different parameter estimates. However many of the qualitative features of the model remain similar under the alternative estimates that we find. We then formulate and analyze optimal policy rules in the model, focusing on a simple loss function which is commonly used and is independent of the estimates. We determine the optimal equilibrium dynamics for our estimates as well as those of Smets and Wouters, and find that they imply largely similar behavior. We then analyze simple policy rules, finding that these rules perform relatively well and are robust to our different sets of parameter estimates. Overall, our results suggest that the model may be relatively robust in its ability to capture certain aspects of the data. However some caution should be exercised in basing inference on the structural estimates, as these seem to be only weakly identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issues and support for dynamic register allocation

Post-link and dynamic optimizations have become important to achieve program performance. A major challenge in post-link and dynamic optimizations is the acquisition of registers for inserting optimization code in the main program. It is difficult to achieve both correctness and transparency when software-only schemes for acquiring registers are used, as described in [1]. We propose an architecture feature that builds upon existing hardware for stacked register allocation on the Itanium processor. The hardware impact of this feature is minimal, while simultaneously allowing post-link and dynamic optimization systems to obtain registers for optimization in a “safe” manner, thus preserving the transparency and improving the performance of these systems.
Computational thinking and thinking about computing

Summary form only given. My vision for the 21st Century: computational thinking will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world. To reading, writing, and arithmetic, let's add computational thinking to every child's analytical ability. Computational thinking has already influenced other disciplines, from the sciences to the arts. The new NSF cyber-enabled discovery and innovation initiative in a nutshell is computational thinking for science and engineering. Realizing this vision gives the field of computing both exciting research opportunities and novel educational challenges. The field of computing is driven by technology innovation, societal demands, and scientific questions. We are often too easily swept up with the rapid progress in technology and the surprising uses by society of our technology, that we forget about the science that underlies our field. In thinking about computing, I have started a list of "Deep Questions in Computing," with the hope of encouraging the community to think about the scientific drivers of our field.