cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiographic intervention in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding

Purpose To assess the clinical effectiveness of angiography and transcatheter intervention in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding Materials and Methods Clinical records of 76 patients who underwent angiography and embolization for gastrointestinal bleeding were reviewed after obtaining IRB approval. Patient demographics, history, angiographic findings, treatment and outcomes were recorded. The technical success, 24hr and 30day rebleeding and mortality rates were calculated. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with 24hr and 30day rebleeding. Results There were 53 men and 23 women with a mean age of 66 years. 22 patients (29%) underwent endoscopy prior to angiography. All endoscopies were positive: 15/22 (68%) patients with upper GI bleeding and 7/22 (32%) of patients with lower GI bleeding. Tc 99m labeled RBC scan, available in 7 (10%), was positive for bleeding in 6 (85%). Patients received blood transfusions (n=47, 62%) and vasoconstrictors (n=12, 16%) prior to angiography. Positive angiographic findings were seen in 58 (active contrast extravasation in 43 (56.5%), and pseudoaneurysm in 15 (20%). Angiography was negative for GI bleeding in 18. Embolization was performed in 75 (99%). This included empiric embolization in 17. The agents used were coils (n=35, 46%), gel foam (n=12, 16%), microparticles (n=14, 18%), glue (n=1, 1%) or a combination of these (n=13, 17%). Embolization was technically successful in 74 (98.6%). 24 hr and 30 day rebleeding rates were 11 (14.5%) and 14 (18.5%) respectively. Of the 11 who had 24 hr rebleeding, 7 required surgery and two had successful repeat embolization. Of the 14 who had rebleeding at 30 days, 5 required surgery, 5 underwent successful repeat embolization. 24 hr and 30 day mortality rates were 7 (9%) and 7 (9%) respectively. Ischemic complications following embolization were seen in 3 (4%) of which two required surgery. Prior GI bleeding was an independent variable associated with 30 day rebleeding. Conclusion Angiographic intervention has high technical success and acceptable clinical success with minimal complications for patients presenting with GI bleeding. Repeat intervention may increase overall clinical success.
Radioassay by Gas Chromatography of Compounds labelled with Carbon-14

AN efficient device for trapping materials from the effluent of a gas chromatography column has been developed which facilitates collection of components labelled with carbon-14 in close proximity to an efficient scintillator. Collection of components from aliquot s of carrier gas into separate traps for subsequent counting affords a sensitivity of carbon-14 assay limited only by the high sensitivity of liquid scintillation counting technique. Continuous scintillation counting of a single trap through which the column effluent flows permits the high resolution and convenience afforded by simultaneously recording component elution and radioactivity.
A solitary functioning osseous metastasis from a malignant pheochromocytoma of the organ of zuckerkandl

A case of a malignant phenochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl is reported. There was a solitary functional metastasis in the left femur, which was treated by hip disarticulation after removal of the primary. The patient is asymptomatic and free of further metastases after 3 years. Other reported cases of solitary metastases from malignant pheochromocytomas are cited. These occurred most frequently in the skeleton system, which is the most common site of distant metastases in malignant pheochromocytoma. The reported case and the review of the literature indicate that solitary or limited metastatic lesions should be treated surgically by partial or, when possible, complete resection.
The need for effective writing instruction

Many students with writing difficulties have negligible editing skills at best. Existing research supports that a strategy approach to teaching writing conventions to students with learning disabilities is effective, particularly when the strategies involve mnemonics. Recognizing that classroom teachers are increasingly overburdened, our study offers an alternative setting for academic intervention – the after-school program – and focuses on an intervention utilizing a mnemonic designed to increase the efficacy of the time spent on editing in the writing process. This study investigates the impact of two instructional conditions on participants' editing skills: (1) the effects of direct instruction regarding writing conventions to a combination of direct instruction and (2) a mnemonic writing strategy from Step up to writing. Both approaches produced significant gains (p < .05). However, the combined approach exhibited a larger effect size of d = .77-.84 at post-test, as measured by TOWL-3 Contrived Comp...
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth as a cause of chronic diarrhea after liver transplantation in children

Children who have undergone liver transplantation may develop chronic diarrhea for a number of reasons. Three children who underwent liver transplantation for liver failure, all of whom had had previous biliary and intestinal surgeries and whose postoperative course was marked by signs and symptoms of intestinal malabsorption including chronic diarrhea, are described. Duodenal aspirates showed a panoply of bacterial species, and duodenal histology featured villus atrophy in two: one associated with luminal gram-positive cocci and another with acute and chronic duodenitis. Oral antibiotics cleared the symptoms. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth may need to be considered in children with chronic diarrhea after liver transplantation, especially when previous intestinal surgery has taken place. Long-term antibiotic therapy may be required to effectively eradicate the offending organisms to suppress symptoms.
Surveillance for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease: A Report from the National Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease Registry

A national surveillance program for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease was initiated in 1990. In 4 years 285 cases were reported without seasonal patterns. Mean birth statistics were as follows: gestational age, 36 weeks; weight, 2,224 g; length, 45 cm; and head circumference, 30 cm. Of the infants 68% had CNS involvement, which was significantly (P or = 3 mg/dL, petechiae, an alanine aminotransferase level of > 100 U/L, a platelet count of < or = 75,000/mm3, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly (P < .05). Maternal demographics revealed that the mean age was 23 years (range, 13-38 years), 59% were white, 33% were black, 47% had low incomes (receiving Medicaid), and 45% were primiparous. Compared with 1990 birth statistics in the United States, mothers of infants with congenital CMV disease were younger, and a greater percentage of these mothers were black. Two distinct maternal groups were identified on the basis of age, socioeconomic status, and parity. This finding may reflect different modes of transmission and suggest target populations for future CMV vaccine initiatives.
986-80 Safety, Accuracy and Chronotropic Response of Dobutamine-stress Echocardiography In Atrial Fibrillation

Dobutamine-sttess echocardiography (DSE) is recognized as a reliable means of non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), but some centers do not recommend DSE in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFIB) because of safety, unpredictable heart rate response and varying cycle lengths. Therefore we analyzed our experience with DSE in 77 pts with chronic AFIB. There were 48 men and 29 females, mean age: 72 ± 7 years. Associated valvular (21%) and hypertensive (32%) heart disease were frequent. Ejection fraction at rest was 50 ± 15%. Medications included digoxin (70%), calcium channel blockers (33%) and β-blockers (16%). Mean dobutamine dose was 28 ± 10 μg/kg/min. In 8% of pts, atropine was given. Achievement of target heart rate was the main reason for termination of DSE (73% of pts). The ECG was non-diagnostic in 78%. In 39% of pts, DSE was considered to be positive for ischemia. No major complications occurred. In 16% of pts, non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (3–7 beats) occurred. HR at rest was 79 ± 16 bpm, at peak 139 ± 9 bpm. RPP at rest was 10,000 ± 1,000 and at peak 19,009 ± 5,356. A comparison of the chronotropic response in pts with AFIB (n = 37) versus pts in sinus rhythm (n = 49) is shown below (pts on β-blockers excluded in both groups): Figure options Download full-size image Download high-quality image (82 K) Download as PowerPoint slide In 11 pts, coronary angiography was done within 6 months of DSE. CAD (≥50% stenosis) was present in 9/11 pts. The diagnostic accuracy of DSE was 91%. Conclusions DSE in AFIB 1) can be performed safely despite the increased incidence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardias, 2) is characterized by a significantly higher HR than DSE in sinus rhythm, 3) is diagnostically accurate.
The "Cyclohexane-Like" Structure of (MeOBF2)3 and Other Species Arising from Mixing (MeO)3B and BF3. An ab initio/IGLO/NMR Investigation

An ab initio /IGLO/NMR investigation shows that (MeOBF 2 ) 3 , 3 , is the thermodynamically most stable product when (MeO) 3 B and BF 3 are mixed in a 1 : 2 ratio. Compound 3 has a symmetrical, "cyclohexane-like", structure with C 3v symmetry. The ab initio calculated structures of less stable intermediates, i.e. the monomeric MeOBF 2 , 1 , the dimeric (MeOBF 2 ) 2 , 2 , the "diadduct" MeOB(O(BF 3 )Me)O(BF 3 )Me, 4 , and the "monoadduct" (MeO) 2 BO(BF 3 )Me, 5 , are also discussed.
A Knowledge Discovery Framework for Civil Infrastructure: A Case Study of the Intelligent Workplace

Large databases are becoming increasingly common in civil infrastructure applications. Although it is relatively simple to specifically query these databases at a low level, more abstract questions like ‘How does the environment affect pavement cracking?’ are difficult to answer with traditional methods. Data mining techniques can provide a solution for learning abstract knowledge from civil infrastruc-ture databases. However, data mining needs to be performed within a systematic process to ensure correct and reproducible results. Many decisions must be made during this process, making it difficult for novice analysts to apply data mining techniques thoroughly. This paper presents an application of a knowledge discovery process to data collected for an ‘intelligent’ building. The knowledge discovery process is illustrated and explained through this case study. Additionally, we discuss the importance of this case study in the context of a research effort to develop an interactive guide for the knowledge discovery process.
Thin polymer etalon arrays for high-resolution photoacoustic imaging

Thin polymer etalons are demonstrated as high-frequency ultrasound sensors for three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution photoacoustic imaging. The etalon, a Fabry-Perot optical resonator, consists of a thin polymer slab sandwiched between two gold layers. It is probed with a scanning continuous-wave (CW) laser for ultrasound array detection. Detection bandwidth of a 20-microm-diam array element exceeds 50 MHz, and the ultrasound sensitivity is comparable to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) equivalents of similar size. In a typical photoacoustic imaging setup, a pulsed laser beam illuminates the imaging target, where optical energy is absorbed and acoustic waves are generated through the thermoelastic effect. An ultrasound detection array is formed by scanning the probing laser beam on the etalon surface in either a 1-D or a 2-D configuration, which produces 2-D or 3-D images, respectively. Axial and lateral resolutions have been demonstrated to be better than 20 microm. Detailed characterizations of the optical and acoustical properties of the etalon, as well as photoacoustic imaging results, suggest that thin polymer etalon arrays can be used as ultrasound detectors for 3-D high-resolution photoacoustic imaging applications.
Dental care for the homebound--assessment and hygiene.

— A general categorization of homebound patients is presented to aid the dentist in assessing their treatment needs and requirements. The importance of oral hygiene is shown, and modifications of oral hygiene appliances are presented. The role of the general dentist in the care of these patients is stressed.
Comparability of skinfold thickness to DXA whole-body total fat in their associations with serum triglycerides in youths.

To determine the comparability of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole-body total fat (kg) in relation to serum triglyceride (TG) levels and increased risk of elevated TG levels, and identified optimum skinfold cutoffs for screening purposes in US adolescents. Data from triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, DXA whole-body total fat and serum TGs were obtained from 1505 US adolescents ages 12.00–17.99 years, who participated in two continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2001–2004. Study associations were examined with linear and logistic models, and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analyses were used to derive skinfold cutoffs for identifying the risk of elevated TG levels. Using area under the curves (AUCs) as metrics of prediction accuracy (with bootstrapped 95% CIs), no significant differences were found between skinfolds and DXA logistic models for predicting elevated TG levels. Similarly, skinfold and DXA models had comparable precision in predicting continuous serum TG from bootstrapped root mean squared errors for both sexes. Population-adjusted marginal mean estimates indicated that youths whose skinfolds are in the top quartile had TG levels within 83–108 mg/dl. Skinfold cutoffs for predicting elevated estimated TG using ROC analyses showed that cutoffs decreased with age and ranged from 13 to 30 mm for ages 12–17, in yearly intervals. Skinfold thicknesses were comparable to DXA whole-body total fat in predicting serum TG levels. These skinfold cutoffs could be used in practical settings as a first pass screener for identifying US adolescents at risk of elevated serum TGs.
Wireless fading communication system performance evaluations via SIRP and SDP methods

Many statistical models are available for the non-line-of-sight flat-fading wireless communication channel. It is of great interest to evaluate performance bounds of wireless communication systems whose channel statistics cannot be modeled with certainty. In the past, the authors have advocated the use of moment-bound theory to obtain bounds on the performance metrics. However, these bounds may be very loose when only scanty prior knowledge of the channel is available, typically in the form of moments and of the type of probability distribution of the channel fading. In this paper we combine the theory of moment bounds with that of spherically invariant random processes (SIRP), which has been proposed as a unified theory of fading statistics, and use semi-definite programming (SDP) to show how sharper bounds of the error rate of a communication system can be computed.
Unoccupied electronic band structure of an ordered potassium layer on copper: Cu(111)-(2×2)K

The unoccupied electronic structure of potassium on Cu(111) is determined by angle-resolved inverse photoemission. The observed spectral features are assigned to unoccupied 4p and 3d states of potassium. For a complete monolayer an ordered (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) overlayer structure is formed. The dispersion of the K-induced states is determined and compared to a recent band-structure calculation for an isolated K monolayer.
All in Good Time

Science is usually seen as a progressive enterprise, with one discovery leading on to the next and then the next. However, this progress isn't always as smooth as it's sometimes assumed to be. Take for example the case of thalidomide, that infamous drug from the 1950s. For those not old enough to remember the story, thalidomide was marketed as a sedative and treatment for morning sickness. While it was never approved for sale in the United States, it was considered so safe in Germany that it was sold as an over-the-counter medication. Then obstetricians began to see an increase in babies born with phocomelia or "seal limb," where the long bones of one or both pairs of limbs fail to develop correctly. These children had limbs that looked like seal flippers: hands or feet attached to the trunk. Phocomelia can be caused by a genetic abnormality, but it is rare. If an obstetrician saw a patient with this defect, it was the type of unusual event to share with a colleague, and the coincidence of one or more colleagues also recently seeing such children led to an investigation into why the abnormality was suddenly becoming more common. It turned out that almost every woman who gave birth to a baby with phocomelia had taken thalidomide early in pregnancy. In all, about 10,000 children, mostly in Europe, were born with the defect before the drug was taken off the market. In the United States, a physician at the Food and Drug Administration had questioned the drug's safety on the grounds of its nervous-system side effects during trials. This slowed its approval long enough that its other flaws were discovered before it could be distributed. The lingering effects of thalidomide are still seen in the now older adults who have lived their …
Universal force constant relationships and a definition of atomic radius

Abstract Let ke and Re be the equilibrium harmonic force constant and internuclear distance of a diatomic molecule αβ, where α and β are elements from columns A and B of the periodic table, with atomic numbers Zα and Zβ. It is shown empirically that to good accuracy and as α ranges through A or β ranges through B, with the slopes and intercepts of many of the straight lines surprisingly independent of A and B. Property I is shown to follow if the electron density of each molecule, for R near Re, consists of exponentially-decaying and characteristic parts which perfectly follow the two nuclei, plus a nonperfectly following part which is negligible at each of the nuclear positions and which changes very little as R changes. Property II is shown to follow if Re is the sum of atomic radii Rα and Rβ which are distances from nuclei out to the position of minimum electron density along the internuclear axis, and if the change of density along the axis is a similar sum of exponentially-decaying, characteristic, perfectly following components. Empirical relations of the form are thereby derived from a physical model. For the whole periodic table, in atomic units, C ≈ 0.12, ζ ≈ 2.0, G ≈ 1.6, η ≈ 0.45. A set of atomic radii is developed.
A Class Participation Project in Poultry Breeding

Abstract LABORATORY sections of introductory poultry courses should be taught in such a way as to be both stimulating and interesting. Student participation can be utilized to a high degree if laboratory sessions are planned accordingly. In a recent attempt to improve undergraduate poultry instruction at the University of Wisconsin, an opportunity was afforded to utilize these principles in the designing of a new laboratory session in poultry breeding geared to the introductory student level. Eggs from at least ten unusual breeds or varieties are purchased every January. The eggs are normally delivered around the middle of February for hatching in early March. Varieties are selected which will demonstrate such factors as different skin colors, feather colors and patterns, and comb types to function as a part of a breed and variety identification exercise which is held during the second laboratory session each year. Since these birds are kept through their…
Sen-sing RNA terminators

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Skourti-Stathaki et al. (2011) report that human Senataxin, like its yeast homolog Sen1, promotes termination by RNA polymerase II and resolves RNA/DNA duplexes formed during transcription. Their results may help uncover a cause of motor neuron degeneration.
DEA of financial statements data: The U.S. computer industry

DEA (data envelopment analysis) is a technique for determining the efficiencyfrontier (the envelope) to the inputs and outputs of a collection of individual corporations or other productive units. DEA is here employed to estimate the intertemporal productive efficiency of U.S. computer manufactures, using financial data brought from earnings statements and balance sheets. The results indicate that a few corporations, including Apple Computer Inc., Compaq Computer Corp., and Seagate Technology were able to stay at the productivity efficiency frontier throughout the time period investigated. But not all successful corporations did; sometimes subefficiency (=disequilibrium) actually goes together with very rapid growth. A new Malmquist type productivity index is calculated for each corporation, measuring shifts of the estimated intertemporal efficiency frontier.
The effects of functional azo initiator on PMMA and polyurethane IPN systems. III. Tear resistance and crack growth of PBD(1,2)‐PU/PMMA (50%) blends

The tear strength and crack growth mechanism of PBD(1,2)–PU/PMMA (50%) IPN systems were studied by the trouser tear test and single edge notched (SEN) tensile test. It was found that these blend systems showed similar structures and properties to particulatereinforced elastomers. The tear strength was dominated by the structure of the rubber matrix. The PMMA phase increased the tearing resistance by increasing the hysteresis of the IPN systems. Chemical bonding between the PMMA-rich particle and PU-rich matrix prepared by using a reactive azo initiator inhibited the initiation of the fracture nucleus, decreased the intrinsic flaw size, and increased the tear strength. The crack growth of these IPNs was dependent on both the fracture energy available for crack propagation and the hysteresis of the material. The similar structure of these two blends resulted in the similar crack growth behavior.
“...As broad as our life experience”: visions of feminist political economy, 1972–1991

Abstract The six previous special issues of the Review are analyzed both as texts that illuminate the concerns of specific historical moments and as part of the ongoing development of feminist political economy. Over the course of these issues, the diversity of women’s experiences forms a basis for critiques of existing theory and the development of feminist analytical constructs.
Use of a rectus abdominis osteomyocutaneous double island flap based on internal mammary vessels

A very rare condition of osteoma cutis was presented by a patient who required an unusual solution to an unusual problem. Multiple surgical procedures were performed during the treatment of the disease, thereby prohibiting the use of more common regional or distant flaps to achieve successful mandibular reconstruction. Microvascular tissue transfer was also not feasible because of two previously-failed free flaps and an operative field that was densely fibrotic. A pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap with incorporated vascularized rib graft is described as a last resort approach for simultaneous reconstruction of the mandible and oral soft tissue.
Simulating the spread of activation in neocortical circuits

Dynamics in the brain are shaped by the connectivity of neocortical circuits and by incoming sensory information. The neocortical columnar architecture has been hypothesized to be a module for shaping dynamics to perform information processing. However, the dynamics and routing of information flow between elements of neocortical columns and amongst neocortical columns remains poorly understood. Using NEURON[1] , we simulated a set of 11 horizontally connected layered neocortical columns which consisted of event-driven rule-based neurons wired according to known anatomical data and driven with random white-noise synaptic inputs [2]. We simulated afferent sensory inputs via the thalamus by strong stimulation of layer 4 pyramidal neuron AMPA/NMDA synapses in selected columns. To trace the role of different neocortical layers in information flow within and between columns, we simulated the focal application of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX), by inactivating selected layers of selected columns. We tuned the network in order to achieve realistic cell firing rates and to avoid a high frequency of spontaneous population spikes. During baseline, a physiological frequency spectrum appeared as an emergent property, displaying dominant frequencies that were not present in either the inputs, or in the intrinsic or activated frequencies of any of the cell groups. Thalamic stimuli evoked a brief population spike within layer 4. This population spike recruited recurrent activation within the column, evoking a set of 4-8 population spike discharges lasting from 500 - 1000 ms. The activity within the stimulated column spread in the classical neocortical column pathway: layer 4 -> layer 2/3 -> layer 5. After excitation reached layer 5, it spread to the neighboring columns by activating horizontal connections between layer 5 pyramidal cells. This activity then spread within the neighboring column from L5 to L2/3 pyramidal cells. After recurrent activation within L2/3, downward activation from L2/3 to L5 pyramidal cells initiated activity propagation from L5 to the next neighboring column. This activation sequence led to waves of population spikes gradually spreading outward from the initially stimulated column(s). We found that selective blockage of layer 2/3 neurons via TTX simulation attenuated, but did not block the flow of activity between columns. Instead, activity was able to propagate from the stimulated L4 -> L5 pyramidal cells and then to neighboring columns via the L5 horizontal projections. When we blocked layer 5 neurons of stimulated columns, we found that activity was no longer able to flow from the stimulated to neighboring columns. Our simulations demonstrate physiologically realistic spread of activation both within and between columns. Verifying the role of different layers in intra- and inter-columnar activation spread may be clinically relevant for containing seizures, where runaway excitation may be prevented by selective micro-ablation.
A Spatial Perspective on Rising Inequality in the United States

Recent research on earnings inequality overlooks the importance of changing spatial dynamics within the United States. While many studies consider the effects of economic restructuring on spatial inequalities, this article reverses the causal arrow to ask whether spatial inequalities shape the effects of economic restructuring. Drawing on a case study of the General Electric (GE) Company's post-World War II restructuring strategies, it argues that instituting a new spatial division of labor within the United States was central to the firm's adaptation to a postindustrial economy, long before similar strategies were applied internationally. In response to a changing regulatory and competitive environment within the United States, firms such as GE opened branch plants in right-to-work states in the 1950s and 1960s so they could expand production and develop new product lines without contributing to the power of organized labor. In the short term this spatial restructuring of the U.S. economy narrowed histor...
Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience, and Recovery

The latest report from the Kauai Longitudinal Study addresses 2 fundamental questions of interest to pediatricians and health care professionals: 1) What are the long-term effects of adverse perinatal and early child-rearing conditions on individuals’ physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development at midlife? 2) Which protective factors allow most individuals who are exposed to multiple childhood risk factors to make a successful adaptation in adulthood?1 The Kauai Longitudinal Study has monitored the impact of a wide array of biological, psychological, and social risk factors on the lives of a multiracial cohort of 698 individuals who were born in 1955 on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, from the perinatal … Reprint requests to (E.E.W.) Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail: eewerner{at}ucdavis.edu
Does pre-operative chemoradiation for initially unresectable or borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma increase post-operative morbidity? A case-matched analysis.

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for locally unresectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer may allow some patients to a undergo a resection, but whether or not this increases post‐operative morbidity remains unclear. Methods The post‐operative morbidity of 29 patients with initially locally unresectable/borderline pancreatic cancer who underwent a resection were compared with 29 patients with initially resectable tumours matched for age, gender, the presence of comorbidities (yes/no), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, tumour location (head/body‐tail), procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy/distal pancreatectomy) and vascular resection (yes /no). Wilcoxon's signed ranks test was used for continuous variables and McNemar's chi‐square test for categorical variables. Results Compared with patients with initially resectable tumours, patients who underwent a resection after pre‐operative chemoradiation therapy had similar rates of overall post‐operative complications (55% versus 41%, P = 0.42), major complications (21% versus 21%, P = 1), pancreatic leaks and fistulae (7% versus 10%, P = 1) and mortality (0% versus 1.7%, P = 1). Conclusion Although some previous studies have suggested differences in post‐operative morbidity after chemoradiation, our case‐matched analysis did not find statistical differences in surgical morbidity and mortality associated with pre‐operative chemoradiation therapy.
Molecular cloning of a mouse myosin I expressed in brain

We have isolated two cDNAs that encode putative myosin I heavy chains by polymerase chain reaction amplification of brain cDNA with degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide primers representing myosin I-speeific conserved amino acid sequences. We report the complete deduced amino acid sequence of one of these cDNAs. The sequence is most similar to those of the avian and bovine brush border myosin Is, with five putative calmodulin-binding repeats at the head-tail junction. Northern analysis demonstrates that this myosin heavy chain, unlike the brush border myosins, is expressed in many tissues.
Performance of Total Testosterone Measurement to Predict Free Testosterone for the Biochemical Evaluation of Male Hypogonadism

Purpose: Guidelines recommend serum total testosterone measurement as the initial test to evaluate male hypogonadism, reserving free testosterone assessment for men with suspected sex hormone-binding globulin abnormalities or total testosterone near the lower limit of normal. We determined the performance of total testosterone measurement as a test to identify men with normal vs low free testosterone.Materials and Methods: We examined the electronic medical records of all 3,672 men evaluated for hypogonadism by a serum testosterone panel, including total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, albumin and calculated free testosterone, from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2007 in a network that serves veterans in Washington.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of low total testosterone (less than 280 ng/dl) to rule out and predict low calculated free testosterone was 91.0% and 73.7%, respectively. At thresholds of less than 350 and less than 400 ng/dl the sensitivity of total testosterone for ...
Modelling heating effects due to current crowding in ZnO nanowires with end-bonded metal contacts

A full 3D model for the simulation of carrier transport, self-consistently coupled with thermal transport, has been developed for free-standing ZnO nanowires with Schottky contacts. The model predicts a complex distribution of the current density through the metal-semiconductor interface with a high current density area around the edge of the Schottky contact away from the contact centre. This high current density would result in increased Joule heating at the contact edge of the free standing ZnO nanowire leading to local temperature breakdown at the contact. Degradation with increasing temperature was also demonstrated.
OXYGEN SUPPLEMENTATION DURING ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

The effects of ventilation with 30% and 100% oxygen were investigated on the circulatory and electrocardiographic response to electroconvul-sive therapy (ECT) in 12 patients during 40 treatments. Administration of 30% oxygen resulted in a 25% decrease in seizure duration compared with 100% oxygen (P
A rapid quantitative determination of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates based on the enzymatic synthesis of DNA.

Abstract An assay has been developed for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates; it is based on the observation that all four nucleotides are necessary for the continued synthesis of DNA. A linear standard curve is obtained with one of the nucleotides as a limiting factor and measurement of the amount of incorporation into the polymer of a radioactive deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate present in excess. The method has been utilized to determine the concentration of dTTP in HClO 4 extracts of mouse leukemia cells and Streptococcus faecalis . Other materials present in the extracts did not influence the assay. The method offers the advantages of simplicity, speed, and sensitivity.
On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study

(1985). On becoming a prostitute: An exploratory case‐comparison study. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 329-335.
Respiratory metabolism of the desert millipede Orthoporus ornatus (Girard) (Diplopoda)

Respiratory metabolism was measured each month for Orthoporus ornatus throughout a year. Respiratory rates were determined at a standard 20°C and at the mean ambient soil temperature at time of collection.No significant differences were noted between respiratory rates of reproductively mature males and females. A size relationship between live body weight and oxygen consumption per unit weight was found. The b values for 20°C and 25°C were-0.28 and-0.24, respectively. Premolt specimens had lower respiratory rates than postmolt individuals. There were significant differences between Q 10 values of animals exposed to temperatures above and below ambient field conditions.Seasonal changes in the use of metabolic reserves by O. ornatus were indicated by corresponding changes in RQ values.A "best estimate" of annual respiratory metabolism was 1332 cal g-1yr-1. Respiratory metabolism closely paralleled changes in ambient field temperature and was at its peak in July when animals were on the soil surface.
Modeling dose response using generalized linear models

This paper describes a method to determine and model dose–response relationships from binomial response data using generalized linear models (GLM). The main advantage of this technique is that it allows LCp or LDp to be determined without an initial linearizing transformation. (LCp and LDp are the lethal concentration or dose that causes p proportion of test animals to die at a specified time period.) Thus, the method of GLM is an appropriate way to analyze a dose–response relationship because it utilizes the inherent S-shaped feature of the toxicologic response and incorporates the sample size of each trial in parameter estimation. This method is also much better behaved when the extremes of the response probability are considered because responses of 0% and 100% are included in the model. Another advantageous feature of this method is that confidence intervals (C.I.s) for both the dose estimate and response probabilities can be computed with GLM, which provides a more complete description of the estimates and their inherent uncertainty. Because C.I.s for both the dose estimate and response probabilities can be constructed, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) can also be determined.
Creativity in video game design as pedagogy

The study of children's creative thinking as they use technology to produce works of art, has only gotten humble attention in the literature (Loveless, 2002; Resnick, 2006). Although within the learning sciences, and in the field of new literacy studies, a growing number of compelling articles have made attempts to document the creative acts of young people using technology (Kafai, 2006; Sefton-Green, 2006; Gustavson, 2007; Squire, 2008), it is evident that there is little agreement on how to clearly conceive of this thing we call creativity. Quite often, when documenting the practices related to making things with technology, creativity is defined as the process of active engagement, some call it play (Lindqvist, 2003).Nevertheless, as we can identify through much of the data, not all children engage in the process of design and production in the same way, or to the same degree. This highlights how paramount the role and the thinking of the creative agent is to the act, and why it is in need of further investigation by psychologists, social researchers, designers and educators (Middleton, 2007).Additionally, it is vital to recognize that the technology plays a unique role in the process of creative expression (by scaffolding and supporting design with abstract representations) (Dede et. al, 1997; Bransford, 1999; Black, 2006). How then, can we say that all of these acts are creative? Furthermore, there is great and ever growing diversity of what new things individuals and groups actually make with technology - from video games, to blogs, to music. Some maintain that with the study of creativity in children all products that a child or youth produces should be considered creative (Amabile, 1996), despite acknowledging that creativity must be cultivated and developed. Can we assume that all the products young people produce with technology are creative?We will present findings from a study that undertook an examination of the iterative design process, and how certain cognitive skills relate to creativity. The study examines a group of 4th grade boys, ages 9--11, who participated in a twelve week after school video game design course at an elementary school in New York City. The course focused on the design of video games, with curriculum that introduced computer programming, mathematics, storytelling, and the digital arts. This effort was also grounded in the theory of media literacy, examining how video games and interactive texts extend the new literacy paradigm (Gee, 2003; Leu et. al, 2004). Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was employed to examine artifacts produced by all subjects. Observational methods of research, including field notes, student interviews, were employed to examine the social relationships and the dynamic learning environment. Additionally, student work including storyboards, art and video games code, serve as a major source of data.
Forecasting Variations and Trends in Water-Main Breaks

Effective planning for the renewal of water distribution systems requires accurate quantification of the structural deterioration of water mains. Direct inspection of all water mains in a distribution system is almost always prohibitively expensive. Identifying water-main breakage patterns over time is an effective and inexpensive alternative for gauging the structural deterioration of a water distribution system. While the structural deterioration of the pipe is generally considered to be a steady, monotone process, some of the environmental and operational stresses acting upon it are time dependent, steady, or transient. These stresses result in sets of “noisy” breakage rate data that often mask the underlying deterioration (aging) patterns, especially in small data sets. If the cause of these random stresses can be identified and attributed to measurable phenomena (for example, temperatures, precipitation, and so on), a more accurate pipe deterioration pattern can be obtained. Further, better predictio...
The awesome power of yeast biochemical genomics.

Abstract A new genomic strategy for identifying the gene encoding any biochemical activity has recently been developed, in which an array of individual yeast strains expressing a genomic set of open reading frames fused to glutathione S -transferase can be assayed for a biochemical activity of interest. Designated ‘biochemical genomics', this approach represents an innovative application of genomic information.
More Vinland maps and texts. Discovering the New World in Higden’s Polychronicon

Over four decades have passed since an antiquarian bookseller brought a medieval map to Yale University Library and set into motion a series of events that would end in a controversy that continues to this day: is the so-called Vinland Map real and, if so, what is its significance? This present essay seeks to contribute to the debates over the early mapping of America by investigating the possibility that the Vinland Map (regardless of authenticity) is not the sole visual representation of Norse America, and certainly not the earliest. Rather, the earliest surviving maps of America appear to be a series of T–O derivative maps produced roughly 150 years before the voyages of Columbus as illustrations to Ranulf Higden's Polychronicon. Further, largely ignored descriptions of Vinland can be found not only in Higden's text, but in four additional texts as well, two of them in the vernacular. These various appearances of Vinland indicate the continuing remembrance or rumour of another land to the west, a recor...
Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Quaternary Ammonium Organosilane Functionalized Mesoporous Thin Films

Quaternary ammonium functionalized mesoporous thin films were prepared by spin casting mixtures of bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane hexaethoxydisilethylene with a series of quaternary ammonium functionalized organosilanes that primarily differed only in the length of the hydrocarbon segment: N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride; N,N-didecyl-N-methyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ammonium chloride; tetradecyldimethyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ammonium chloride; and octadecyldimethyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ammonium chloride. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films formed with the longest hydrocarbon segment (18 carbons) did not exhibit an ordered structure, while the remainder of the films exhibited p6mm pore ordering. These films remained ordered following surfactant extraction and calcination, with some film shrinkage occurring following either procedure. The d-spacing of the films was found to decrease linearly with increasing length of the ammonium chloride hydrocarbon segment. As determ...
Theory Of Operation Of Three- And Four-Level Fiber Amplifiers And Sources

We review theoretical models of fiber amplifiers, resonant fiber lasers and superfluorescent fiber lasers made of a single mode laser fiber, for example a silica fiber doped with a rare earth laser ion. The quantities which are investigated are the optical gain, the threshold and conversion efficiency in fiber sources, and the spectral narrowing in superfluorescent sources. These models take into account the nature of the laser transition (i.e. 3- or 4-level), the potential presence of pump ESA, and the guided nature of the pump and signal waves interacting along the fiber. The emphasis is placed on the development of simple, closed-form expressions for these quantities.
Clozapine discrimination with a low training dose distinguishes atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs in rats.

Rationale: Previous drug discrimination studies with clozapine have not reliably distinguished between atypical and typical antipsychotics. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine whether low-dose clozapine drug discrimination could distinguish atypical from typical antipsychotics. Methods: Rats were trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg clozapine from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure. Results: Generalization testing revealed full substitution with the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine (90.3% maximum generalization), sertindole (99.8%), and risperidone (87.1%) and partial substitution for quetiapine (seroquel, 66.4%) and the typical antipsychotics haloperidol (56.8%) and thioridazine (74.3%). Remoxipride (23.1%) and the typical antipsychotics chlorpromazine (27.9%) and fluphenazine (29.5%) did not reliably substitute for clozapine. Conclusions: In contrast to previous clozapine drug discrimination studies with higher training doses, the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, sertindole, and risperidone reliably substituted for clozapine while typical antipsychotics did not. These results suggest that low-dose clozapine drug discrimination may be a more sensitive assay for distinguishing atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs.
Introduction: perspectives on integrated nephrology care.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will undeniably alter the delivery of healthcare in the United States and ultimately have profound effects on the clinical practice of nephrology. One of the Affordable Care Act’s primary mechanisms for attempting to achieve the triple aim of better
Linking the perceived ability to influence others to subjective well-being: A need-based approach

Bourgeois, Sommer, and Bruno (2009) proposed that having an influence over others fulfills basic needs for belongingness, self-worth, control, accuracy, and meaning. Two studies solicited support for these ideas. Study 1 revealed that people high in the perceived ability to influence others reported higher levels of self-worth, control, and life meaning, and that fulfillment of these needs in turn enhanced subjective well-being. Study 2 established positive relationships between influence and belongingness, control and accuracy within the contexts of work and romantic relationships, and additionally found that meaning in these domains derived from the fulfillment of one or more of these needs. Results of path analyses provided support for models linking perceived influence to job and relationship satisfaction through increases in need fulfillment.
Fine structure of the malpighian tubule in Aedes aegypti

The malpighian tubule in Aedes aegypti adults is formed by 2 cell types: the principal cell which forms the great bulk of the tubule, and the stellate cell interspersed singly along the tubule. Both cell types possess ultrastructural features characteristic of cells engaged in ion balance and osmoregulation. These include extensive basal infolding and the differentiation of an apical brush border of microvilli. The central area of the cytoplasm of the principal cell is highly vacuolated while in the stellate cell it is finely granular lacking vacuoles. The microvilli in the principal cells enclose elongated, dense mitochondria whereas the stellate cell microvilli lack mitochondria. Excretory granules of an as yet unknown chemical nature accumulate in the principal cell cytoplasm after a blood meal.
An electrostatic focusing ion guide for ion mobility-mass spectrometry

Abstract An electrostatic focusing ion guide ion mobility-mass spectrometer (IM-MS) is described. The apparatus consists of a MALDI ion source coupled to an ion drift cell operating at pressures of 1–10 Torr and a small linear time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The electrostatic focusing IMS drift cell acts as an ion guide, thus increasing ion transmission while maintaining high resolution. The drift cell is composed of a series of focusing and defocusing electrostatic fields superimposed on the potential drop applied across the drift cell. Calculated ion trajectories for several drift cell configurations, which include Monte Carlo simulations to model ion-neutral collisions, show significantly higher ion transmission and these results are supported by preliminary experimental results. A mobility resolution of ∼100 and detection levels of