cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Injected and Orally Administered Amino Acids by the Rat.

SummaryRats fed a lysine-deficient diet ad libitum and injected subcutaneously twice daily with a lysine solution grew at about half the rate of rats receiving lysine in the diet. Rats fed ad libitum an isoleucine-de-ficient diet failed to respond when they were injected twice daily with an isoleucine solution. If rats were fed the isoleucine-deficient diet for a period of only 2 hours daily and were given subcutaneous injections of isoleucine at the end of feeding period their rate of growth was about one-third that of rats receiving isoleucine in the diet. Under the same conditions, injection of rats fed a diet high in leucine with isoleucine and valine resulted in a comparable improvement of growth. These observations indicate that the rate of catabolism of isoleucine is much faster than that of lysine in the rat and that the amount of an amino acid catabolized depends upon mode of administration.
Death causes and life lost of malignant tumor among residents in Suzhou City, 2004-2013

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of cancer death and to learn the influence for the life loss of residents in Suzhou City, which provide the scientific basis for malignant tumor prevention and control. Methods The data of malignant tumors in Suzhou from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed by standardized mortality rate, the potential years of life lost(YPLL). The rate of potential years of life lost(PYLLR) and the average years of life lost(AYLL). Linear regression model was used to identify the time tendency of life expectancy with malignant tumor eliminated. Results The annual standardized mortality rate was 141.38/lakh and the first death cause was pulmonary carcinoma. Standardized mortality rate of the malignant tumor decreased steadily in ten years.The YPLLR was 12.26‰, and the liver cancer had the highest mortality in total population. The AYLL was 12.02 years and the death of leukemia was the leading cause of life year lost among malignancies. The PYLL and PYLLR of male were higher than female, while the AYLL of male was lower than female. Conclusion The health education and screening work should be done according to high risk group and malignant tumor. We should pay more attention to wrinkly inhabitants' pulmonary carcinoma, youth and middle aged inhabitants' leukemia, brain and central nervous system cancer, male liver cancer and female breast cancer.
The Management of Testicular Torsion in the Acute Pediatric Scrotum

From July 1976 through June 1981, 51 children with acute scrotal pain and swelling underwent surgical exploration. Testicular torsion (27 cases) and torsion of an appendage (18 cases) were the most common diagnoses. In the group with testicular torsion 5 testes were considered unsalvageable and these were removed. The remaining 22 testes, including those of questionable viability, were left in place. The early salvage rate of 81 per cent decreased to 50 per cent due to testicular atrophy found in the late followup period. The attempt to salvage all testes except those with obvious necrosis resulted in minimal morbidity. This approach is discussed in view of recent reports of long-term damage to the contralateral testis when an ischemic testis is not removed initially.
Hepatic Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransport: identification, characterization, and acinar localization

Rat liver perfusion studies suggest that the transport of alpha-ketoglutarate (KG) and related dicarboxylates exhibits acinar heterogeneity, in that the uptake and subsequent metabolism of these organic anions appears to occur predominantly in the perivenous region. However, the isolated perfused liver as an experimental model cannot distinguish intra-acinar differences in either the rate of solute uptake and/or efflux or intracellular binding and/or metabolism. Therefore, the driving forces and acinar localization of KG transport were examined using rat basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles (blLPMV) isolated from control animals and animals treated 24 h before with selective perivenous and periportal toxins [carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and allyl alcohol (AA), respectively]. In control blLPMV, [14C]KG uptake into an osmotically sensitive space was markedly stimulated by an inwardly directed Na+ gradient but not by inwardly directed gradients of other monovalent cations. The Na+ ionophore, gramicidin, had a small but significant inhibitory effect on Na(+)-dependent KG uptake, demonstrating that KG uptake was not the result of an intravesicular positive Na+ diffusion potential. The protonophore, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, had no effect on Na+ gradient-driven KG uptake, indicating that KG uptake was not the indirect result of coordinated activities of Na-H and KG-OH exchange. Na+ gradient-driven KG uptake was electrogenic (occurring with the net transfer of positive charge), and cis-inhibited by other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, including succinate, fumarate, and malate and by citrate, but not by the dicarboxylates oxalate and malonate nor by glutamate and taurocholate (TC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Eliciting Repair of Mathematics Explanations of Students With Learning Disabilities

Mathematical reasoning is important in conceptual understanding and problem solving. In current reform-based, discourse-oriented mathematics classrooms, students with learning disabilities (LD) enc...
The Influence of the Solicitor General as Amicus Curiae on the Roberts Court, 2005–2014: A Research Note

ABSTRACTIn this article, we examine the influence of the Solicitor General (SG) as amicus curiae on Supreme Court decision making. We use the Supreme Court Database (SCDB) as well as original data on participation by the SG and other amici. Our data span the first ten terms of the Roberts Court: 2005 to 2014, inclusive. Our analysis employs logistic regression where the dependent variable is the ideological direction of the vote cast by each justice in each case (the “DIR” variable in the SCDB). To isolate the impact of the SG as amicus, we control for judicial ideology, the direction of the lower court decision under review, the participation of other amici, and whether the federal government is a party to the case. Our analysis shows that the influence of the Solicitor General as an amicus arguing for a liberal outcome exceeds that of the other variables in the model. The marginal effect of the Solicitor General as an amicus arguing for a conservative outcome is somewhat less, but still exceeds all othe...
Patient Selection for Active Surveillance

Due to a long natural history, the majority of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the current era would never die of disease if left untreated. Unfortunately, a potentially lethal tumor cannot be reliably distinguished from an insignificant tumor with certainty. As a result, urologists have developed strategies to monitor carefully selected men with favorable risk prostate cancer, with curative intervention in the event of disease progression: active surveillance. This chapter focuses on the selection of appropriate candidates for active surveillance.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency.

A 49-year-old woman presented to the emergency department complaining of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain for 3 days. The initial workup was consistent with acute pancreatitis (with increased serum amylase and lipase), for which she was treated with fluids, morphine, and supportive care. Past medical history was marked by gastroesophageal reflux disease and hypertension. She also admitted to heavy alcohol consumption. Her hemoglobin on admission was 8.7 g/dL (reference, 11.5–15.5 g/dL), which dropped to 6.3 g/dL during her stay, and she was transfused with 2 units of packed red blood cells. Review of the peripheral blood smear revealed mild hypochromia and microcytosis, but was otherwise unremarkable. The mean corpuscular volume was 73 fl (reference, 80–96 fl). The ferritin concentration was 5 ng/mL (reference, 10–150 ng/mL). The patient had been seen 2 years earlier for a routine visit, at which time her hemoglobin was 11.0 g/dL. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed 2 weeks after her discharge from the emergency department to rule out a potential source of bleeding. It revealed diffuse erythema and granularity in the stomach and a reduction of duodenal folds. Biopsies of the stomach revealed chronic inflammation consistent with inactive gastritis. Staining for Helicobacter pylori was negative. Biopsies of the duodenum revealed patchy areas of villus blunting with crypt …
Cortisol in human milk predicts child BMI.

Objective Breastfeeding has been linked to lower rates of childhood obesity. Human milk contains cortisol, known to regulate glucose storage and metabolism. The aim of this study was to to test the hypothesis that early exposure to cortisol in human breast milk helps to modulate infant body mass index (BMI) trajectories over the first 2 years of life. Methods Growth curve modeling was used to examine whether infant exposure to cortisol in human milk at 3 months predicted changes in child body mass index percentile (BMIP) at 6, 12, and 24 months of age in 51 breastfeeding mother–child pairs. Results Infants exposed to higher milk cortisol levels at 3 months were less likely to exhibit BMIP gains over the first 2 years of life, compared with infants exposed to lower milk cortisol. By age 2, infants exposed to higher milk cortisol levels had lower BMIPs than infants exposed to lower milk cortisol. Milk cortisol was a stronger predictor of BMIP change in girls than boys. Conclusions Cortisol exposure through human milk may help to program metabolic functioning and childhood obesity risk. Further, because infant formula contains only trace amounts of glucocorticoids, these findings suggest that cortisol in milk is a novel biological pathway through which breastfeeding may protect against later obesity.
My patient with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance has a kidney problem

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant condition signifying the presence of a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. By connotation, it should not meet the defini...
The Gender in Stories: How War Stories and Police Narratives Shape Masculine Police Culture

This research examines storytelling and narrative development in police culture related to gendered aspects of policing. Interviews with 28 officers indicates that women are frequently viewed through a gendered lens and that police storytelling appears an important context for understanding police culture. The types of stories explored in this paper–flow of action, war stories, and gender narratives–provide a context for understanding the (re)production of masculinity in policing. By paying close attention to police narratives we can gain insight into the maintenance of masculine police culture. The findings also build on the growing foundation of narrative inquiry in criminology.
Collapsing cavities and converging shocks in non-ideal materials

As modern hydrodynamic codes increase in sophistication, the availability of realistic test problems becomes increasingly important. In gas dynamics, one common unrealistic aspect of most test problems is the ideal gas assumption, which is unsuited to many real applications, especially those involving high pressure and speed metal deformation. Our work considers the collapsing cavity and converging shock test problems, showing to what extent the ideal gas assumption can be removed from their specification. It is found that while most materials simply do not admit simple (i.e. scaling) solutions in this context, there are infinite-dimensional families of materials which do admit such solutions. We characterize such materials, derive the appropriate ordinary differential equations, and analyze the associated nonlinear eigenvalue problem. It is shown that there is an inherent tension between boundedness of the solution, boundedness of its derivatives, and the entropy condition. The special case of a constant-speed cavity collapse is considered and found to be heuristically possible, contrary to common intuition. Finally, we give an example of a concrete non-ideal collapsing cavity scaling solution based on a recently proposed pseudo-Mie-Gruneisen equation of state.
Virtual Supervision of Student Teachers as a Catalyst of Change for Educational Equity in Rural Areas

This paper presents an in vivo naturalistic case study of an education college in a Midwestern state university that implemented Cisco TelePresence high-definition teleconference technology in supervising student teachers in rural schools. Guided by a clinical supervision triad model, this approach includes synchronous virtual observation and video-based non-synchronous reflective practice within a triad of university supervisor, student teacher, and cooperating teacher. Results demonstrate that important factors for implementing virtual supervision in rural schools include multiple personnel involvement in teacher education programs and K12 schools and collaboratively developed goals, procedures, and outcomes. It also finds out that virtual supervision serves as a lens to the rural world for student teachers and a catalyst for educational equity for rural schools and districts. Technological aspects of supervision such as equipment description and costs are also provided.
Using Competency-Based Curriculum Design to Create a Health Professions Education Certificate Program the Meets the Needs of Students, Administrators, Faculty, and Patients

Abstract Introduction Health Professions Education (HPE) programs emerged to train faculty in teaching and learning within the higher education context. HPE programs are motivated by the belief that faculty trained in teaching and learning will ultimately improve patient care through improved preparation of future practitioners and improved test scores that impact the careers of health professionals and the prestige of the institutions. Methods We followed a modified Delphi method for data collection and analyzed data from two in-person focus groups with faculty who work within the health professions at SRU, a collaborative document where health professions faculty filled out information about class types within HPE, an intensive literature review of over 100 policy and research on health professions education needs and best practices, a review of existing health professions education certificate and graduate degree program curriculum, and a review of promotion and tenure handbooks for Dental, Medical, and Nursing faculty at SRU. Results Analysis of course evaluations and stakeholder feedback suggested that the redesigned HPE curriculum meets the needs of HPE faculty, aligned with literature, and was competitive with similar program across the United States. Conclusions A curriculum that meets the needs of practitioners, administrators, and industry should prepare faculty to gain competency in each of the core domains of health professions education: Professional Foundations (specific to Health Professions Education), Working with Students, Planning and Preparation, Instructional Methods and Strategies (Clinical and Classroom), Assessment and Evaluation, and Evidence-based Practice/Research.
The Hashin–Shtrikman Construction

I described in Chap. 21 my method for obtaining bounds on effective coefficients, which I introduced in the fall of 1977, a natural improvement of the initial method which Francois MURAT and myself devised in the early 1970s. Using it, I proved bounds for effective isotropic mixtures of two isotropic conductors, while I was visiting NYU in June 1980, and George Papanicolaou pointed out to me the Hashin–Shtrikman “bounds”: there was a gap in the “proof” of Zvi Hashin and Shtrikman in [38], so that I was the first to prove that they are valid bounds, but their proof that there exist mixtures exhibiting these extreme conductivities made sense to me. Their construction with a coated spheres geometry did not need a theory of homogenization, like the G-convergence developed by Sergio SPAGNOLO 15 years after their article, since they observed the special property of Lemma 25.2.
Impact of numerical variation, allele burden and mutation length on outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia with fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation.

7023Background: While high allelic burden is known to be associated with adverse outcomes in FLT3-ITD mutated AML, the impact of numerical variation and insert size on clinical outcome of AML patie...
Exploring tourism businesses' adaptive response to climate change in two Great Lakes destination communities.

Abstract Climate change is one of the most significant challenges facing the global tourism sector, and destinations around the world are increasingly coming to terms with changing weather. Within destination systems, tourism businesses have been encouraged to take proactive steps to prepare for climate change, but in many destinations, adaptation has been limited. In this Regional Spotlight, findings from a series of qualitative interviews with representatives from businesses in two Great Lakes destinations are used to highlight some of the major challenges facing the region's tourism sector in terms of climate change. Results support findings of existing research that tourism businesses are strongly aware of how they are impacted by weather and climate. Conversely, though many interviewees were able to discuss how their businesses could be affected by climate change, they showed little concern that it would present new challenges and expressed a belief that it could be beneficial in some cases. Common barriers to proactive climate change action include limited resources, lack of knowledge of options, and a belief that action is unnecessary. The results of this study suggest that future work focused on how to build stronger public-private partnerships between policymakers, destination marketing organizations (DMOs), researchers, and tourism professionals in the Great Lakes, and perhaps other destinations, could help: (1) build awareness of potential novel or nonlinear impacts of climate change among tourism professionals, and (2) increase the availability of scientific information that meets their decision-making needs; subsequently, also leading to more effective destination-based climate change management strategies.
Analyzing the Impact of Grain Boundary Scattering on the Metal Resistivity: First-Principles Study of Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries in Copper

Using first-principles density functional theory based transport calculations, we evaluate the grain boundary reflection coefficients in Copper (Cu). We find that the grain boundary reflections can significantly enhance the metal resistivity in Cu interconnects. Later, using the Mayadas-Shatzkes model, we predict the possible enhancement of the metal resistivity due to the grain boundary scattering. These results identify the critical role of grain boundary reflection in polycrystalline Cu. Further, the implications of the grain boundary resistance for shrinking interconnect dimensions are discussed.
Segment: Applicability of an Existing Segmentation Technique to Transportation Demand Management Campaigns in the United States:

This research was modeled after a consumer market-segmentation technique (SEGMENT) successfully used in Europe, for its usefulness to transportation demand management (TDM) campaigns in the United ...
The Brothel of Pompeii: Sex, Class, and Gender at the Margins of Roman Society

In this book, Sarah Levin-Richardson offers the first authoritative examination of Pompeii's purpose-built brothel, the only verifiable brothel from Greco-Roman antiquity. Taking readers on a tour of all of the structure's evidence, including the rarely seen upper floor, she illuminates the subculture housed within its walls. Here, prostitutes could flout the norms of society and proclaim themselves sexual subjects and agents, while servile clients were allowed to act as 'real men'. Prostitutes and clients also exchanged gifts, greetings, jokes, taunts, and praise. Written in a clear, engaging style, and accompanied by an ample illustration program and translations of humorous and haunting graffiti, Levin-Richardson's book will become a new touchstone for those interested in the history of women, slavery, and prostitution in the classical world.
Serial cross-sectional study for the association between urinary bisphenol A and paediatric obesity: Recent updates using NHANES 2003-2014.

Background Several studies have reported bisphenol A (BPA) as a potential risk factor for paediatric obesity, but the findings were inconsistent among these studies. Methods Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2014, we conducted a serial cross-sectional study to examine the association between urinary BPA and paediatric obesity among children aged 6 and 19 years. The association between paediatric obesity and urinary BPA concentrations with or without urinary creatinine adjustments was assessed using multivariable regression and cubic spline models fitted for regression models. Results We observed decreasing trends in urinary BPA concentrations from 2003 to 2014. The associations between urinary BPA concentrations and obesity were inconsistent across the years of survey and even after different models for urinary creatinine adjustments were used. Children with obesity were positively associated with urinary creatinine concentrations, but was not with creatinine-adjusted models. Furthermore, children with higher urinary BPA concentrations had elevated odds of obesity during 2003 to 2008, whereas these associations were inconsistent during 2009 to 2014. Conclusions The associations between paediatric obesity and urinary BPA concentrations differed across the years of survey and creatinine adjustments. Further studies are required to assess these discrepancies.
Contemporary practice pattern of permanent pacing for conduction disorders in inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the optimal waiting period before permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with conduction disorders following an inferior myocardial infarction. HYPOTHESIS We aimed to elucidate the contemporary practice pattern of pacing, especially the timing of pacemaker implantation, for sinoatrial node and atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorders following an inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS Using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2014, we identified patients with a primary diagnosis of inferior STEMI. Primary conduction disorders were classified into: (a) high-degree AV block (HDAVB) consisting of complete AV block or Mobitz-type II second-degree AV block, (b) sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND), and (c) no major conduction disorders. RESULTS Among 66 961 patients, 2706 patients (4.0%) had HDAVB, which mostly consisted of complete AV block (2594 patients). SND was observed in 393 patients (0.6%). Among the 2706 patients with HDAVB, 267 patients (9.9%) underwent permanent pacemaker. In patients with HDAVB, more than one-third (34.9%) of permanent pacemakers were placed within 72 hours after admission. The median interval from admission to permanent pacemaker implantation was 3 days (interquartile range; 2-5 days) for HDAVB vs 4 days (3-6 days) for SND (P < .001). HDAVB was associated with increased in-hospital mortality, whereas SND was not. CONCLUSIONS In patients who developed HDAVB following an inferior STEMI, only one in 10 patients underwent permanent pacemaker implantation. Despite its highly reversible nature, permanent pacemakers were implanted relatively early.
Learning Feature Nonlinearities with Regularized Binned Regression

For various applications, the relations between the dependent and independent variables are highly nonlinear. Consequently, for large scale complex problems, neural networks and regression trees are commonly preferred over linear models such as Lasso. This work proposes learning the feature nonlinearities by binning feature values and finding the best fit in each quantile using non-convex regularized linear regression. The algorithm first captures the dependence between neighboring quantiles by enforcing smoothness via piecewise-constant/linear approximation and then selects a sparse subset of good features. We prove that the proposed algorithm is statistically and computationally efficient. In particular, it achieves linear rate of convergence while requiring near-minimal number of samples. Evaluations on real datasets demonstrate that algorithm is competitive with current state-of-the-art and accurately learns feature nonlinearities.
Adaptive Peak Average Current Control LED Driver for Automotive Lighting

This letter describes a new average current control dc–dc LED driver suitable for automotive pixel (matrix) lighting. Current is sensed only on an integrated high side switch and peak current is controlled to achieve required average output current independent of tolerances of components and parameters other than the current sensing itself. Fast reaction to output voltage changes required by the pixel light operation is achieved by using a constant ripple control with an off time inversely proportional to the output voltage.
The blueprint of RNA storages relative to oocyte developmental competence in cattle (Bos taurus).

From the time oocytes leave quiescence, there are constant microenvironmental influences contributing to development, thus acquiring developmental competence is not a simple, linear phenomenon. During folliculogenesis, oocytes experience many morphological and cytological changes that contribute toward the acquisition of developmental competence, a process defined by an oocyte's ability to progress through folliculogenesis, be fertilized, undergo cleavage, and develop into an embryo. Many factors, such as ovarian follicle size, cow age, and the morphology of the cumulus–oocyte complex, have been extensively investigated to understand this process. In parallel to aiding in the understanding of oocyte biology, these features have been used to characterize an oocyte's ability to achieve competence. In addition, oocytes undergo intense gene transcription and protein translation to accumulate the maternal stores. When the oocyte is fully grown, most genes are transcriptionally inactive, and the chromatin is densely compacted. More recently, RNA profiling has been used to further define the transcriptional parameters that are associated with oocyte development. Here, focusing on cattle, we provide an overview of the experimental models commonly used to understand the underlying biology related to oocyte developmental competence. We compiled public data and showed that cattle oocytes can express over 15 000 protein-coding genes, suggesting a complex transcriptome landscape. Surprisingly, less than 2% of the expressed genes have been linked to developmental competence. The identification of the gene products that contribute to oocyte development, and understanding their biological function, are a vital component of our quest toward defining oocyte developmental competence at the molecular level.Summary SentenceDevelopmental competence acquired by an oocyte throughout folliculogenesis is dependent upon fine-tuned gene regulation and transcript accumulation.
Exploring the Relationship Between Gender Violence and State Failure A Cross-National Comparison

The concept of state failure has only recently emerged in the political science and legal literature. Although state failure has been used to predict violent conflicts, and all citizens are affected by violence in failed/fragile states, women are especially at risk. Using data from the WomanStats project, this study's findings reveal that the physical security of women is lower in failed/fragile states compared with more sustainable nations. The characteristics of failed states that increase the likelihood of various forms of violence against women are identified, including high levels of militarization, countries with neighboring states at war, and massive movement of refugees.
How does international trade affect U.S. corporate investment? Evidence from the asset tangibility channel

Abstract We examine how international trade affects corporate investment through its impact on asset tangibility. We hypothesize that when foreign export reduces a domestic firm’s asset tangibility, the firm’s response of capital investment to internal funds decreases. Using 2SLS regressions, we first document foreign export supply reduces domestic firms’ asset tangibility. Next, using a reduced-form investment regression, we find that as international trade-induced asset tangibility declines, capital investment responds less to cash flow. This study enhances our understanding of the consequences of international trade in the context of corporate finance by highlighting the influence of trade-induced financing frictions on corporate investment.
Mass versus charge. Quantum radiation from zero temperature black holes

We study the mass-charge relation for the semiclassical extermal black hole of the S-wave sector Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to N conformal scalars. The classical ratio M/∣Q∣=1 is shown to be modified to M/∣Q∣ ≅1 −16k for small k ≡ Nℏ(12πQ2). Furthermore, numerical study for k<2 shows that M∣Q∣ is a monotonically decreasing function of k. We speculate on the consequence of such a modification in the 4-dimensional context.
Trajectories of teacher–child relationships across kindergarten and first grade: The influence of gender and disruptive behavior

Abstract The present study examined whether teacher–child closeness and conflict across kindergarten and first grade varied by gender and disruptive behavior at kindergarten entry within a sample of 324 predominantly Black children from low-income, urban households. Three main findings emerged from the analyses. First, contrary to findings from previous work that revealed stability in closeness and conflict across the first few years of elementary school, this study identified significant changes in closeness across the kindergarten and first grade years. Second, girls experienced more closeness with teachers than boys across both kindergarten and first grade, and the rate of change in teacher–child closeness differed by child gender across time. Finally, across both school years, associations between gender and teacher–child conflict varied by level of disruptive behavior at the beginning of kindergarten, such that boys with high levels of disruptive behavior experienced more overall conflict with teachers than girls with high levels of disruptive behavior.
Functional Behavior Assessment for People with Autism: Making Sense of Seemingly Senseless Behavior

Why Problem Behaviours Occur How Are Behaviours Learned? Getting Started -- First Steps for Completing a Functional Behaviour Assessment Measuring Behaviour Finding Out Who Knows What Observation Time Test Your Hypothesis Putting It All Together -- A Summary of the Assessment Process You Finally Know the Function of the Behaviour -- Now What? Special Circumstances and Troubleshooting Index.
Inaugural Speech Classification with Named Entities and Key Phrases

The amount of online textual data is massive and is beyond homo sapiens’ manual understanding. The techniques to analyze the massive textual data have been continuously developed. Machine learning techniques are providing excellent tools to help our understanding the huge amount of textual data by providing a succinct summary of documents, recommendation of articles, etc. Using named entities and key phrases can help better understanding the textual data and provides a smaller feature set than using unigram features. Our work shows that terms of named entities and key phrases actually provide truly meaningful results in classifying documents into target classes and hence provides the positive direction toward massive data classifications by using a smaller feature set. In this work, we classified inaugural speeches of the US presents by using named entities and key phrases into two parties: Republican and Democratic parties. We utilized a supervised learning approach (Support Vector Machines) and achieved 100% accuracy of performance in classifying inaugural speeches by using named entities and key phrases related to patriotic terms.
Simvastatin loaded chitosan guided bone regeneration membranes stimulate bone healing.

Background and objective Electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) modified with short-chain fatty acids have the ability to control the release of simvastatin (SMV), an anti-cholesterol drug with osteogenic potential, for guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. This study evaluated in vivo osteogenic effects of rapid short release of SMV (4 weeks) vs long sustained release (8 weeks) from acetic anhydride (AA)-and hexanoic anhydride (HA)-modified ESCMs, respectively. Methods AA ESCMs loaded with 10 or 50 µg SMV and HA ESCMs loaded with 50 µg SMV were evaluated for biocompatibility and bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks, in 5 mm critical size rat calvarial defects, using histological evaluation and micro-CT analysis. Results No severe inflammatory response was noticed around the ESCMs. Less hydrophobic AA membranes showed signs of resorption by week 4 and were almost completely resorbed by week 8 whereas the more hydrophobic HA membranes resorbed slowly, remaining intact over 8 weeks. In micro-CT analysis, 10 µg SMV-loaded AA membranes did not show significant bone formation as compared to non-loaded AA membranes at either evaluation time points. 50 µg SMV-loaded AA membranes stimulated significantly more bone formation than non-loaded AA membranes by week 4 (%bone = 31.0 ± 5.9% (AA50) vs 18.5 ± 13.7% (AA0)) but showed no difference at week 8. HA membranes with 50 µg SMV showed significantly more bone formation as compared to corresponding non-loaded membranes by week 8 (%bone = 61.7 ± 8.9% (HA50) vs 33.9 ± 29.7% (HA0)), though such an effect was not significant at week 4. Conclusion These results indicate that modified ESCMs may be used to control the release of SMV and promote bone healing in GBR applications.
Shareholder Lock-in and the Corporate Soul: Implications for the First Amendment

What would a post-Citizens United legal regime look like? With reform efforts gaining steam in Congress and the White House, this is becoming an increasingly relevant question. And although the last ten years have produced a mountain of books and articles to guide these projects, certain critical questions remain unexplored. One of these questions is whether corporations should be treated as unique under the First Amendment and thus subject to their own, particularized regulations, or whether other business entities should be treated in like manner. This Article explores that question, offering a novel theory for distinguishing corporations from other business organizations under the First Amendment that looks to a single characteristic: “liquidation protection.” Liquidation protection is a key, but underappreciated, feature of corporations that prevents a shareholder from dissociating from the organization at will. As this Article explains, that shareholders (or their equivalents) are “locked into” the organization distinguishes certain types of business entities, including corporations, from other entities that do not have this feature, such as general partnerships, and provides a conceptually coherent means of defining the scope of the First Amendment and related regulatory regimes.
The Discursive Construction of Severe Dis/Ability in One School in the Southeastern United States

Current special education research involving children labeled with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities (SIDD) has been based on ideologies that frame teaching and learning as the training of children to perform behaviors intended to mediate medical impairments and maximize children’s life skills (Anzul et al. in Exceptional Children, 67(2): 235–249, 2001; Thomas & O’Hanlon in Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion. McGraw, New York, NY, 2007). We use disability studies in education (Connor in Disability Studies Quarterly, 34 (2), 2014) and discursive psychology (Potter in Theory & Psychology, 10: 31–37, 2000) to critique the abled/disabled dichotomy. Findings illustrate how the dis/abilities of students were constructed within interactions and highlight the tension—between deficit and possibility—inherent in dis/ability, as the children persistently expressed their humanity even as it was suppressed within instructional contexts.
Robotic assisted cytoreductive surgery, removal of a recurrent disease in the right pericaval lymph node in a patient with ovarian cancer with the robotic Xi platform.

OBJECTIVE The standard approach for recurrent ovarian cancer is laparotomy. In this video, we present a cytoreductive surgery using the robotic Xi platform to remove a 2.7 cm pericaval tumor. METHODS A narrative video demonstration of robotic-assisted surgery to remove recurrent ovarian cancer in a pericaval lymph node. A 62-year-old female presented with recurrent carcinoma of the pericaval lymph node. After 40 months of surveillance, the patient was asymptomatic, but a computed tomography (CT) scan showed an isolated mass (2.7×2.3 cm) in the right pericaval lymph node. Her cancer antigen (CA)-125 level increased from 26 to 46 U/mL. The robotic Xi platform was used to remove the metastatic lymph nodes. The first step was diagnostic laparoscopy. The second step was robotic port placement below the umbilicus. The third step was dissection and identification of landmarks, and the last step was removal of the tumor and closure. RESULTS The metastatic lymph nodes were removed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1 and had no postoperative complications. Her CA-125 level dropped to 17 U/mL two weeks after surgery. Pathology showed metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma in one lymph node, consistent with the patient's known primary. Two additional lymph nodes were removed and negative for carcinoma. Pelvic washings were negative for malignancy. CONCLUSION Robotic-assisted surgery is safe and feasible in selected patients with isolated recurrent disease.
Methodology for Regional Multihazard Hurricane Damage and Risk Assessment

AbstractHurricanes are devastating natural hazards that often cause damage to the built environment as a result of their loadings, which include storm surge, waves, and wind, often in combination. ...
Using object-based image analysis to detect laughing gull nests

Remote sensing has long been used to study wildlife; however, manual methods of detecting wildlife in aerial imagery are often time-consuming and prone to human error, and newer computer vision tec...
A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane

Irrespective of the degree of complexity, the point of departure for an analysis of functional activity in the nervous system lies with the neuronal plasmalemma. This is a fundamental axiom of neurophysiology. It is based upon the fact that function is a bioelectrical phenomenon which derives its origin from intrinsic properties and activities of the excitable membrane. It follows, therefore, that any attempt to link a biochemical parameter to function must ultimately show an effect on membrane properties and/or biological activity. It is self-evident that such relationships can be established only after greater understanding has been achieved of the molecular biology of the excitable membrane. The classical paucimolecular model of membrane structure and organization, while having served its purpose well as a formative construct, must now be regarded as being anachronistic and too simplistic, especially in light of recent chemical and spectroscopic analyses of various membrane systems. However, in addition to the need to formulate new concepts regarding molecular organization and dynamics, another area concerning the membrane that must receive attention is the origin of membrane macromolecules (i.e., specification and synthesis of membrane proteins).
Chromatin-bound proteases and their inhibitors.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes chromatin-bound proteases and their inhibitors. Chromatin-bound neutral protease is extractable in acid with the lysine-rich histones. Chromatography of the acid extract on a sephadex G-100 column has been found to exhibit a neutral protease of 24,000 daltons. Purification of the neutral protease is achieved by salt extraction of calf thymus chromatin and subsequent gel filtration on sephadex G-75. The purified protease shows a preference for nucleohistone as a substrate when compared to hemoglobin or bovine serum albumin. The methods discussed in this chapter are directed toward an understanding of how a particular chromatin preparation can be routinely assayed for proteolytic activity and block proteolytic activity in a variety of denaturing solvents. Moreover, work in the laboratory is currently being directed to fractionation and isolation of the three diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-binding proteins in rat liver nuclei. Whether the two high-molecular weight DFP-binding proteins of rat liver nuclei are proteases or are perhaps precursors of proteases is being investigated. This information may aid in the assignment of a biological role for the protease activity endogenous to chromatin.
Incorporating Mobile Learning into Athletic Training Education.

Objective: To introduce and present techniques for incorporating mobile learning into athletic training education. Background: The matriculation of digital natives into college has stimulated the identification and development of new teaching and learning strategies. Electronic learning (e-learning), including the use of learning management systems, has been combined with traditional classroom lectures and lab activities to address the needs of these technologically savvy students. Learning management systems offer valuable options to students, but still rely on a computer terminal to interface with the material. Restrictions on when and where a student can “plug-in” to learn places limitations on e-learning. Mobile learning (m-learning) is a sub-set of e-learning that uses hand-held devices to allow flexibility in learning at any time and any place. M-learning involves the use of mobile devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and portable media players for the purposes of acqui...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use Among Missouri Adolescents

Background: Although existing literature demonstrates the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with both substance use (SU) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few studies have examined rates of SU among adolescents with elevated ASD symptoms, with or without comorbid ADHD. Clinic-based studies suggest a possible protective effect of ASD against SU, but this has not been confirmed in population-based studies. Objective: We examined alcohol, tobacco, and drug use in adolescents with either ADHD, elevated autistic traits, or both as compared with controls. Methods: Subjects (N = 2937) who were 13 to 17 years old from a Missouri population-based large sibship sample were assessed for ADHD, autistic traits, and SU with the use of parent-report questionnaires. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ADHD symptom criterion (Criterion A) was applied to the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal-behavior (SWAN) questionnaire item responses to determine ADHD diagnosis. The presence of elevated autistic traits was defined as a raw Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score of 62 (95 th percentile for this sample) or higher. SU was determined with the use of three items from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Statistical methods used included logistic and fractional polynomial regression. Results: As compared with controls, adolescents with ADHD were at increased risk for alcohol, tobacco, and drug use whether or not they had elevated autistic traits. Adolescents with elevated autistic traits were at significantly increased risk for drug use other than alcohol and tobacco, even if they did not have ADHD. Among those with raw SRS scores in the range of about 20 (normal) to 80 (consistent with mild to moderate ASD), adolescents with ADHD had higher levels of SU than control individuals with similar levels of autistic traits. However, strong conclusions cannot be drawn regarding individuals with very low or very high SRS scores as a result of sparse data. Conclusions: This study confirms previous research showing an increased risk of SU among adolescents with ADHD. It also provides new information indicating that adolescents with high levels of autistic traits are at elevated risk for alcohol and tobacco use if they have comorbid ADHD; in addition, they may be at high risk for other drug use, even if they do not have comorbid ADHD. Therefore, it should not be assumed that adolescents with mild to moderate ASD have a low risk of SU, especially if ADHD is also present.
An Optimized Sparse Approximate Matrix Multiply

Group T-1, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544(Dated: March 22, 2012)We present an optimized single-precision implementation of the Sparse Approximate Matrix Mul-tiply (SpAMM) [M. Challacombe and N. Bock, arXiv 1011.3534 (2010)], a fast algorithm for matrix-matrix multiplication for matrices with decay that achieves an O(nlnn) computational complexitywith respect to matrix dimension n. We nd that the max norm of the error achieved with a SpAMMtolerance below 2 810 is lower than that of the single-precision SGEMM for dense quantum chem-ical matrices, while outperforming SGEMM with a cross-over already for small matrices (n˘1000).Relative to naive implementations of SpAMM using Intel’s Math Kernel Library (MKL) or AMD’s CoreMath Library (ACML), our optimized version is found to be signi cantly faster. Detailed perfor-mance comparisons are made for quantum chemical matrices with di erently structured sub-blocks.Finally, we discuss the potential of improved hardware prefetch to yield 2{3x speedups.
Using nominal data to examine information integration

Functional measurement studies typically collect numerical data in order to study judgment. The new Nanova (Nominal analysis of “variance”) method allows for expansion of the paradigm to include the study of actual or projected behavior. In everyday life, people carry out actions that can be described using verbal labels, which are nominal data. Nanova is similar to analysis of variance in that significance statements assess the effect of experimentally manipulated factors. The way the methodology can extract cognitive strategies from behavioral actions is illustrated by considering a hypothetical burglar who attends to two safety features of the target homes under consideration. A real illustration is also presented, in which respondents reported both fear and projected actions in response to scenarios describing terrorist attacks. The emotional responses, reported as numbers, were analyzed with analysis of variance. The projected actions, reported nominally, were analyzed with the NANOVA computer program (Weiss, 2009). Two factors embedded in the scenarios, government announcement and public reaction, yielded similar effects on both kinds of response. Neither main effect was significant, nor were the anticipated effects of the variables obtained. With both response modes, the factors interacted significantly.