cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune modulation by estrogens: Role in CNS HIV-1 infection

Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that estrogen can be protective in both brain injury and infection. While estrogens can act directly on neurons to promote neuronal survival, estrogen also has anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to overall neuroprotection. Accordingly, estrogens may have particular relevance in chronic neuroimmune disorders such as HIV dementia. As AIDS is now a leading cause of death among women in their reproductive years, understanding the role that female sex hormones might play in the physiology of HIV-1 infection is especially critical. Indeed, there is accumulating evidence that many manifestations of HIV differ in women. For instance, it is now well established that women present with a lower viral titer at the time of seroconversion, have lower HIV viral loads compared to men at similar stages of disease, and may have altered disease progression during pregnancy. Conversely, while epidemiological studies suggest that women may be more volunerable to certain late-stage AIDS-related illnesses including HIV dementia, there is accumulating data that strongly suggest an estrogen-deficient state is associated with long-term HIV infection in some women. Evaluated as a whole, existing evidence indicates that estrogen can directly protect neurons from damage, can modulate brain inflammation, and could act to maintain low titers of the HIV-1 virus. Accordingly, it can be hypothesized that maintenance of serum estradiol levels could decrease the incidence of HIV dementia and other AIDS-related neurological syndromes in HIV-1 positive women. In this article, we both summarize current understanding and present new data related to the potential mechanisms whereby estrogen could modulate the mechanics and the consequences of HIV-1 infection in the brain and thereby thwart the development of HIV dementia.
The Problems in the Process of Extra Labor Transfer

It is explained in the paper the meaning of rural extra labor and the economic influence of the transfer of the rural extra labors in terms of its inflow and outflow areas.The paper comes up with measures to deal with the problems in the process of extra labor transfer,namely flow by layers.
STUDY ON THE SIMULATION CALCULATION OF COMPLETE p-X PHASE DIAGRAM IN MISCIBLE GAS INJECTION

The purpose of this paper is to set up a strict method for complete phase diagram calculations in oil-gas systems and evaluate the adaptability of equation-of-state (EOS) so that the phase characteristics in critical and two phase regions are obtained. Based on the analysis of phase equilibrium thermodynamic model in the hydrocarbon system, the complete pressure-composition (p-X) phase diagram calculation method has been discussed and set up in gas injection process, which is displayed in geometric proportion of molar mass and volume. Applying the theory in conjunction with experimental data, two kinds of displays of the complete p-X phase diagrams are calculated in various miscible gases (rich gas, dry gas, N 2, CO 2) injection processes. Results show that the solution prepared here is reliable and can describe phase properties well. It has practical significance for the further determination of miscible conditions and mechanisms of oil and injected solvent by the phase diagram.
BLOOD GROUPING TESTS IN DISPUTED PARENTAGE QUALIFICATIONS OF EXPERTS. II. AN ERROR INVOLVING THE RARE RH-HR BLOOD TYPES RHZRHI AND RHZRH.

An unusual case is described in which a man was accused of the paternity of a child, and an expert reported him to be type Rh z Rh 1 , the mother as type Rh 1 rh and the child as type Rh 2 rh, thus excluding paternity. In repeat blood tests, the author confirmed the typing results on the putative father and the mother, but showed the child to be type Rh z rh instead of type Rh 2 rh, so that paternity was not excluded. Instead, the presence in both putative father and child of the rare gene R Z (or r y ) could be considered circumstantial evidence that the accused man actually was the father. It is pointed out that the error could easily have been due to the mistaken use of anti- rh i serum in place of anti- rh′ serum. Such an error would be more apt to occur with a worker using the fallacious C-D-E notations, because the tacit assumption implicit in those notations that each agglutinogen has but a single corresponding antibody (and blood factor) would render unthinkable the concept of more than one kind of anti- rh′ (anti-C) reagent.
Nature of spectral gaps due to pair formation in superconductors.

Several phenomenological self-energies have been presented to describe the pseudogap in cuprates. Here, we offer a derivation of the self-energy in two dimensions due to pair formation and compare it to photoemission data. We then use our results to address several questions of interest, including the existence of magneto-oscillations in the presence of the pseudogap and the two-length-scale nature of vortices in underdoped cuprates.
An integrated framework for managing the complex interdependence between infrastructures and the socioeconomic environment: An application in metropolitan Atlanta:

In this study, we introduce an integrated framework for managing the complex interdependence between urban infrastructures and the socioeconomic environment within which it evolves, in pursuit of sustainable and environmentally cleaner urban living. The framework addresses the nature of individual preferences for more sustainable urban infrastructures, and how we can use this knowledge to improve urban form in ways that reduce environmental impacts. Using metropolitan Atlanta as a case study, we developed a survey that focuses on the preferences of Atlanta residents for low-impact development (LID) and transit-oriented development (TOD), with responses collected on the Mechanical Turk crowed-source platform. Using these responses we developed a latent-class residential community choice model for four distinctive classes of respondents that revealed heterogeneous preferences for community amenities. Next, we integrated the results of these individual choices into an agent-based market diffusion model, to p...
The Formation of Cu3Si from Cu/a-Si Multilayers

The kinetics of the formation of Cu3Si in Cu/a-Si diffusion couples have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Multilayered composites of average stoichiometry Cu3Si were prepared by sputter deposition with individual layer thicknesses varying in different samples between 2 and 100 nm. We observed diffusion limited growth of Cu3 Si upon annealing these diffusion couples below 500 K. Reaction constants were measured for a temperature range of 455 to 495 K for thicknesses of growing Cu3Si between 2.6 and 80 nm. The temperature dependence of the reaction constant, k2, was characterized as k2 = k0 exp(−Ea/kbT) with activation energy, Ea = 1.0 eV/atom and pre-factor, k0 = 1.9xs10-3 cm2/s.
A segmental hyperintensity area in the liver shown by delayed MR images with Mn-DPDP

This is a report of a case with metastatic liver tumors in which a segmental hyperintense area was demonstrated by delayed liver MRI with manganese (II) N,N' -dipyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetate-5,5'-bis(phosphate) (Mn-DPDP). No signal abnormality except for tumors was distinct either before or 30 min after administration of Mn-DPDP. The region with hyperintensity appeared 24 h after administration.
Philosophers, Porters, Parsons and Parvenus

What do you say to the elections in the factory districts? Once again the proletariat has discredited itself terribly... Every where the proletariat is the tag, rag and bobtail of the officiai parties, and if any party has gained strength among the new voters, it is the Tories... [I]t can not be denied that the increase in the working-class voters has brought the Tories more than their simple percentage increase; it has improved their relative position... The parson has shown unexpected power and so has the cringing to respectability. Not a single working-class candidate has a ghost of a chance, but my Lord Tumnoddy or any parvenu snob could have the workers’ votes with pleasure.
Combination Chemotherapy by Infusion in Solid Tumors

Drug delivery by infusion is a promising avenue for improving the therapeutic index of several classes of drugs. Although the pharmacological rationale for infusional therapy has been long appreciated, relevant clinical trials have only recently begun to emerge, and only in a relatively few forms of cancer.
Offshore oil and environmental risk: Federal offerings vs. industry bids

Etude du role du risque pour l'environnement dans la decision d'offre par le Departement de l'Interieur, de superficies d'exploration sur le plateau continental exterieur et dans la decision de l'industrie petroliere par rapport a ces offres
Rethinking Thirty-Day Hospital Readmissions: Shorter Intervals Might Be Better Indicators Of Quality Of Care

Public reporting and payment programs in the United States have embraced thirty-day readmissions as an indicator of between-hospital variation in the quality of care, despite limited evidence supporting this interval. We examined risk-standardized thirty-day risk of unplanned inpatient readmission at the hospital level for Medicare patients ages sixty-five and older in four states and for three conditions: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia. The hospital-level quality signal captured in readmission risk was highest on the first day after discharge and declined rapidly until it reached a nadir at seven days, as indicated by a decreasing intracluster correlation coefficient. Similar patterns were seen across states and diagnoses. The rapid decay in the quality signal suggests that most readmissions after the seventh day postdischarge were explained by community- and household-level factors beyond hospitals' control. Shorter intervals of seven or fewer days might improve the accuracy and equity of readmissions as a measure of hospital quality for public accountability.
AUTOMATION OF A HOSPITAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICE

ABSTRACT Blood transfusion is potentially one of the most hazardous therapeutic measures in the modern hospital. Some of these hazards can be reduced by improvement in clerical efficiency and others by a better understanding of the risks of transfusion at the medical level. To achieve these aims automation, using computer programming methods, has been introduced into a large hospital. Clerical efficiency has been increased by a specially designed blood transfusion request form which carries all the necessary clinical and technical data. This information is transcribed to punch cards and then compared, using standard computer techniques with other listings such as patients’ admission data to ensure proper identifications and with past history of previous serological examinations and blood transfusions and reactions. The original request form is used during laboratory processing and this blood grouping data and crossmatch data is also punched for the permanent file. The admission file provides information of the diagnosis and planned surgical procedures. This permits prediction of immediate blood needs by the transfusion service resulting in more efficient management of blood bank inventory and a consequent reduction in storage time and avoiding the keeping of stocks which are near the end of their useful life. It is proposed to define the elements of logical decision making involved in the use of blood transfusion taking into account such factors as patients’ age, sex, nutritional status, operative procedure, associated diseases, etc. By providing a firm scientific background of the indications for blood transfusion there will be established a therapeutic index, i.e., the ratio of therapeutic value to potential risk. This will enable more rational control of blood transfusion requirements both at the inventory level and at the medical level.
Principles to Support Modular Software Construction

The construction of large software systems is always achieved through assembly of independently written components — program modules. For these software components to work together, they must share a common set of data types and principles for representing structured data such as arrays of values and files. This common set of tools for creating and operating on data objects is provided by the infrastructure of the computer system: the hardware, operating system and runtime code. Because the nature and properties of these tools are crucial for correct operation of software components and their inter-operation, it is essential to have a precise specification that may be used for verifying correctness of application software on one hand, and to verify correctness of system behavior on the other. We call such a specification a program execution model (PXM). It is evident that the properties of the PXM implemented by a computer system can have serious impact on the ability of application programmers to practice modular software construction. This paper discusses the concept of program execution models and presents a set of principles that a PXM must satisfy to provide a sound basis for modular software construction. Because parallel program execution on computer systems with many processing units is an essential part of contemporary computing environments, the expression of parallelism and modular software construction using components involving parallel operations is included in this treatment. The conclusion is that it is possible to build computer systems that implement a PXM within which any parallel program may be used, unmodified, as a component for building more substantial parallel programs.
Revisiting the social cost of carbon

The social cost of carbon (SCC) is a central concept for understanding and implementing climate change policies. This term represents the economic cost caused by an additional ton of carbon dioxide emissions or its equivalent. The present study presents updated estimates based on a revised DICE model (Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy). The study estimates that the SCC is $31 per ton of CO2 in 2010 US$ for the current period (2015). For the central case, the real SCC grows at 3% per year over the period to 2050. The paper also compares the estimates with those from other sources.
Lipid Bilayer Perturbation by the Snail Toxin 6-Bromo-2-Mercaptotryptamine Dimer does not Account for its Modulation of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels

The marine snail toxin BrMT, a 6-bromo-2-mercaptotryptamine dimer, is a powerful, hydrophobic modulator of Kv1 and Kv4 voltage-gated potassium channels. It remains unclear how BrMT modulates these diverse channels, and given BrMT's hydrophobicity, whether it alters potassium channel function by perturbing lipid bilayer properties. We synthesized BrMT and 11 analogs to determine structure-activity relationships, and create more chemically stable ion channel modulators. We found the biological activity was retained when the labile disulfide bond between BrMT's indole groups was replaced with an ether or alkane linkage.
Standardization and Optimization of Intraoperative Molecular Imaging for Identifying Primary Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas

Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) is an emerging technology used to locate pulmonary adenocarcinomas and identify positive margins during surgery. Background noise and tissue autofluorescence have been major obstacles. The goal of this study is to optimize the image quality of folate receptor alpha (FRα) targeted IMI for pulmonary adenocarcinomas by modifying emission data. A total of 15 lung cancer patients were enrolled in a pilot study. In the first cohort, FRα upregulation within pulmonary adenocarcinoma tumors was confirmed by analyzing specimens from five pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Next, in a cohort of five additional patients, autofluorescence of intrathoracic structures and tissues was quantified. Lastly, five patients with tumors at various depths from the pleural surface were enrolled and received the FRα-targeted optical contrast agent, EC17. In this final cohort, resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas were imaged at a wide range of fluorescence exposure times (0 to 200 ms), various laser powers, and with unique filter configurations. Tumor-to-noise ratio (TNR) for images was generated using region of interest software. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas highly express FRα. Significant autofluorescence from native thoracic tissues was found with the highest fluorescent signals at the bronchial stump (547 ± 98, range 423–699), the pulmonary artery (267 ± 64, range 200–374), and cortical bone (266 ± 17, range 243–287). High levels of autofluorescence were appreciated after systemic administration of EC17; however, TNR was improved by altering exposure settings at the time of the imaging. Optimal fluorescent exposure time occurs at 40 ms (25 frames/s). Exposure properties can be manipulated to maximize TNR thus allowing for successful intraoperative detection of pulmonary adenocarcinomas during surgery. Optimization of the conditions for intraoperative molecular imaging sets the stage for future clinical trials utilizing targeted IMI techniques which can aid the surgeon at the time of cancer resection.
Impact of Perioperative Infection on Cancer Specific Survival after Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Several case reports have documented rare spontaneous cancer regression following systemic infections. Immune related targeted therapies are now available for many cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. We hypothesized that perioperative infection after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma may impact long-term cancer specific survival.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare claims data from 2004 to 2011. ICD-9 and CPT codes were used to identify patients older than 65 years who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Patients hospitalized for infection within 30 days of surgery were identified. Study exclusion criteria included death within 90 days of surgery, immunodeficiency and metastatic disease at diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate cancer specific survival between infection vs no infection groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was created to assess survi...
American Lawbook Corporation (a)

This case concerns a lawbook publishing company's procedures for evaluating law school textbook proposals. Several evaluation approaches are possible. Historical cost data, assessments of unit sales, and data on market size and number of competing texts are available for evaluating three new titles. (The B case is QA-0260.) Excerpt UVA-QA-0257 AMERICAN LAWBOOK CORPORATION (A) Ed Troy glanced briefly out the window of his downtown office toward the busy street below and then returned his gaze to the three publication proposals on his desk (Exhibit 1). He had just finished filling in his assessment of the first year's sales potential for these titles (Exhibit 2). As director of Educational and Professional Publishing for the American Lawbook Publishing Company (AL), Troy was ultimately responsible for choosing which of these titles the company would offer for use in American law schools in the fall of 1982. Law school professors were normally offered a complimentary examination copy of every book published for classroom use in their fields. When deciding whether or not to “adopt” any of these books, a professor might consider the reputation and background of the author; the breadth and organization of topics covered; the length of individual chapters and of the book itself; whether an innovative pedagogical approach was used; the availability of auxiliary teacher's notes; the style and readability of the prose; whether cases and examples were up-to-date; the aesthetics of the typeface, layout, and binding; the retail price that their students would have to pay (usually in the range of $ 25 to $ 35); and other similar considerations. As a graduate of the Duke University Law School and a veteran of the law school publishing business, Troy had a strong intuitive understanding for the many factors that influenced the performance of a new book. Indeed, everyone at AL recognized that Troy was the person most qualified to synthesize the available information on a new title into a subjective forecast of first-year sales. Troy, however, was never entirely comfortable with the task. He maintained that AL needed a more systematic approach for evaluating and weighing the critical factors affecting sales, assessing the risks, and ranking different proposals. He was, therefore, concerned not just with the disposition of these three proposals, but with the more fundamental questions of what marketing information should be collected and how it should be analyzed to guide future publishing activities. Since law school publishing would always retain a substantial element of risk, he believed it was essential to know the odds against which one was playing. Law and Law School Publishing . . .
Trust/Distrust: Missing Variables in the Global Information Technology Equation?

ABSTRACTTrust is widely explored in a variety of disciplines including management information systems. Yet, very few researchers have examined trust/distrust as it pertains to the global use of IT and only one to date has used distrust as a distinct construct. Since researchers have explored many topics relating to global IT, one can only wonder why not trust/distrust in the global IT environment? This editorial makes the case for a robust investigation into trust and distrust as factors in the acceptance and use of global information technology.
Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss

The carbon balance of tropical ecosystems remains uncertain, with top-down atmospheric studies suggesting an overall sink and bottom-up ecological approaches indicating a modest net source. Here we use 12 years (2003 to 2014) of MODIS pantropical satellite data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegetation, providing direct, measurement-based evidence that the world’s tropical forests are a net carbon source of 425.2 ± 92.0 teragrams of carbon per year (Tg C year –1 ). This net release of carbon consists of losses of 861.7 ± 80.2 Tg C year –1 and gains of 436.5 ± 31.0 Tg C year –1 . Gains result from forest growth; losses result from deforestation and from reductions in carbon density within standing forests (degradation or disturbance), with the latter accounting for 68.9% of overall losses.
Elevated Temperature Photophysical Properties and Morphological Stability of CdSe and CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets

Elevated temperature optoelectronic performance of semiconductor nanomaterials remains an important issue for applications. Here we examine 2D CdSe nanoplatelets (NPs) and CdS/CdSe/CdS shell/core/shell sandwich NPs at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 K using static and transient spectroscopies as well as in situ transmission electron microscopy. NPs exhibit reversible changes in PL intensity, spectral position, and emission line width with temperature elevation up to ∼500 K, losing a factor of ∼8 to 10 in PL intensity at 400 K relative to ambient. Temperature elevation above ∼500 K yields thickness-dependent, irreversible degradation in optical properties. Electron microscopy relates stability of the core-only NP morphology up to 555 and 600 K for the four and five monolayer NPs, respectively, followed by sintering and evaporation at still higher temperatures. Reversible PL loss, based on differences in decay dynamics between time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption, results primarily ...
Semantic Labeling Using a Low-Power Neuromorphic Platform

Deep learning is a powerful technique for the analysis of remote sensing imagery. For applications that require real-time processing on mobile platforms, a low power consumption processing unit is advantageous. The human brain is remarkably powerful at image recognition tasks while operating at very low power consumption levels. Neuromorphic computing designs aim to achieve energy efficiency through the use of spiking neurons and low-precision synapses to perform data processing. We demonstrate here the classification of red, green, blue and depth and hyperspectral data sets using a neuromorphic processing unit (IBM TrueNorth Neurosynaptic System). The convolutional neural-network architecture of the classifier network has been adapted to fit the neuromorphic architecture. The results on overhead imagery and hyperspectral imagery data show that neuromorphic platforms can achieve the state-of-the-art performance in semantic labeling with significantly ( $\approx 1000\times $ ) lower power consumption than traditional GPU-based solutions.
The Search for Health: Nutritional Considerations

Recently, it was reported in the magazine Psychology Today that a “cultural hypochondria” is sweeping the country. They concluded that “... like so many Gatsbys in jogging suits, Americans are chasing an ideal of perfect health. Many of us, in fact, now spend more time thinking about our health than about love or money.” Obviously, this is a noble ideal, and, on the surface, personal responsibility for our own well being is a refreshing notion. Unfortunately, the end does not justify the means, since many consumers choose to jump at the slightest hint of a health benefit promised by any dietary manipulation that does not involve a major change in lifestyle. They want to know how food can make them stronger, happier, more creative, less prone to illness, and sexually capable, to a degree unheard of in most societies. That is, they want something that will prevent disease or work miracles with a minimum of effort. Who can blame them? This is an ideal we all would accept with open arms, but unfortunately life and health is not all that simple.
Predicting Profile Geometry of Continental Slopes with a Multiprocess Sedimentation Model

Physics-based numerical models can simulate sedimentation on continental margins. They provide for an ideal platform to examine the response of morphology to changing sedimentary and geological conditions. Numerical experiments were conducted with the multiprocess, basin-fill model SedFlux, to evaluate the evolution of the two-dimensional shape of siliciclastic continental slopes. The SedFlux experiments were able to isolate the effect of river plumes, shelf energy, sediment failure, gravity flows, subsidence, and sea-level fluctuations on the shape of the slope profile.
Synthetic Data Generation and Defense in Depth Measurement of Web Applications

Measuring security controls across multiple layers of defense requires realistic data sets and repeatable experiments. However, data sets that are collected from real users often cannot be freely exchanged due to privacy and regulatory concerns. Synthetic datasets, which can be shared, have in the past had critical flaws or at best been one time collections of data focusing on a single layer or type of data. We present a framework for generating synthetic datasets with normal and attack data for web applications across multiple layers simultaneously. The framework is modular and designed for data to be easily recreated in order to vary parameters and allow for inline testing. We build a prototype data generator using the framework to generate nine datasets with data logged on four layers: network, file accesses, system calls, and database simultaneously. We then test nineteen security controls spanning all four layers to determine their sensitivity to dataset changes, compare performance even across layers, compare synthetic data to real production data, and calculate combined defense in depth performance of sets of controls.
Linear and Complex Analysis for Applications

Linear and Complex Analysis for Applications aims to unify various parts of mathematical analysis in an engaging manner and to provide a diverse and unusual collection of applications, both to other fields of mathematics and to physics and engineering. The book evolved from several of the author’s teaching experiences, his research in complex analysis in several variables, and many conversations with friends and colleagues. It has three primary goals: to develop enough linear analysis and complex variable theory to prepare students in engineering or applied mathematics for advanced work, to unify many distinct and seemingly isolated topics, to show mathematics as both interesting and useful, especially via the juxtaposition of examples and theorems. The book realizes these goals by beginning with reviews of Linear Algebra, Complex Numbers, and topics from Calculus III. As the topics are being reviewed, new material is inserted to help the student develop skill in both computation and theory. The material on linear algebra includes infinite-dimensional examples arising from elementary calculus and differential equations. Line and surface integrals are computed both in the language of classical vector analysis and by using differential forms. Connections among the topics and applications appear throughout the book. The text weaves abstract mathematics, routine computational problems, and applications into a coherent whole, whose unifying theme is linear systems. It includes many unusual examples and contains more than 450 exercises.
Race/Ethnicity, Obesity, and the Risk of Being Verbally Bullied: a National Multilevel Study

To examine the effects of obese/overweight status and race/ethnicity on the risk for being verbally bullied among second grade children, and to investigate if the relationship between weight status and verbal bullying varies based on race/ethnicity. Data on second graders from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (Children = 18,130; Schools = 2419) were analyzed. Hierarchical generalized logistic modeling was used to address the objectives. Independent of the child’s sex, age, academic performance, family socioeconomic status, and school characteristics, obese/overweight children (relative to non-obese/overweight children) and Black children (relative to White children) were more likely to be verbally bullied. Hispanic and Asian children were less likely to be verbally bullied relative to White children. Hispanic obese/overweight children experienced less verbal bullying than White obese/overweight children. This study documented disproportionate risks of being verbally bullied for obese/overweight US second graders. The risk of being verbally bullied was significantly greater for obese/overweight White children vs. obese/overweight Hispanic children. Findings can inform the development of strategies to reduce verbal bullying of obese/overweight children in US elementary schools.
IVA-Based Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Connectivity Analysis in Large-Scale FMRI Data

Recently, much attention has been devoted to examining time-varying changes in functional connectivity to understand the network structure in the human brain. Most studies, however, analyze the time-varying functional connectivity but ignore the time-varying spatial information. In this paper, we propose a method based on independent vector analysis (IVA) to study dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) as well as dynamic spatial functional network connectivity (dsFNC) in fMRI data. Though IVA allows one to effectively capture both, its performance degrades with the increase in the number of datasets. Hence, we propose an effective scheme to bypass this limitation followed by graph theoretical analysis to study both inter-network dynamics and intra-network stationarity. We observe higher dFNC fluctuations for patients with schizophrenia in the default-mode (DM)-salience network and cerebellum with associated connections. dsFNC analysis indicates higher inter-network fluctuation in patients while DM, anterior DM and frontal networks demonstrate significant intra-network fluctuation in controls.
Beam instability and microbunching due to coherent synchrotron radiation

A relativistic electron beam moving in a circular orbit in free space can radiate coherently if the wavelength of the synchrotron radiation exceeds the length of the bunch. In accelerators coherent synchrotron radiation of the bunch is usually suppressed by the shielding effect of the conducting walls of the vacuum chamber. However an initial density fluctuation with a characteristic length much shorter than the bunch length can radiate coherently. If the radiation reaction force results in the growth of the initial fluctuation, one can expect an instability which leads to microbunching of the beam and an increased coherent radiation at short wavelengths. Such an instability is studied theoretically in this paper.
Abstract P2041: Wnt Signaling Regulates GPR37l1 Expression in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells

Aberrations in renal epithelial ion transport contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the kidney regulate the reabsorption of essential nutr...
Sterno-omohyoid Free Flap for Dual-Vector Dynamic Facial Reanimation:

Background:Dynamic rehabilitation of longstanding facial palsy with damaged, atrophied, or absent facial muscles requires replacement of neural and muscular components. The ideal reconstruction wou...
Teacher perceptions of the effectiveness of a science-infused literacy intervention for English language learners

In this study, we analyzed the perceptions of treatment teachers who participated in a randomized controlled trial study which targeted a science-infused literacy intervention, Let’s Talk Science, ...
Violation of CPT and Quantum Mechanics in the K0{ K0 System

Abstract We reconsider the model of quantum mechanics violation in the K 0 − K 0 system, due to Ellis, Hagelin, Nanopoulos, and Srednicki, in which CP- and CPT-violating signatures arise from the evolution of pure states into mixed states. We present a formalism for computing time-dependent asymmetries in this model and show that present data constrains its parameters significantly. In the future, this model will be put to very stringent tests at a o-factory. We present the theory of these tests and show the relation between particular o-decay correlations and the parameters of quantum mechanics violation.
Renal Elimination in Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Renal elimination is usually considered to be insignificantly altered in patients having alcoholic cirrhosis because the creatinine clearance remains within normal limits until the onset of the hepato-renal syndrome in end stage cirrhosis. However, it is interesting to note that recent electron microscopy studies have demonstrated varying degrees of cellular injury to the epithelial cells in the kidney (1). Two groups of investigators recently reported that although the total renal clearance of a drug remained relatively unchanged, the unbound renal clearance was substantially decreased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (2,3). This observation may bear importantly on drug therapy in this patient population.
Deep Latent Variable Models of Natural Language

The proposed tutorial will cover deep latent variable models both in the case where exact inference over the latent variables is tractable and when it is not. The former case includes neural extensions of unsupervised tagging and parsing models. Our discussion of the latter case, where inference cannot be performed tractably, will restrict itself to continuous latent variables. In particular, we will discuss recent developments both in neural variational inference (e.g., relating to Variational Auto-encoders) and in implicit density modeling (e.g., relating to Generative Adversarial Networks). We will highlight the challenges of applying these families of methods to NLP problems, and discuss recent successes and best practices.
Assessing the Impact of Area Deprivation Index on COVID-19 Prevalence: A Contrast Between Rural and Urban U.S. Jurisdictions

ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities differentially, with poorer and minority populations being more adversely affected. Prior rural health research suggests such disparities may be exacerbated during the pandemic and in remote parts of the U.S. Objectives To understand the spread and impact of COVID-19 across the U.S., county level data for confirmed cases of COVID-19 were examined by Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores and Metropolitan vs. Nonmetropolitan designations from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). These designations were the basis for making comparisons between Urban and Rural jurisdictions. Methods Kendall’s Tau-B was used to compare effect sizes between jurisdictions on select ADI composites and well researched social determinants of health (SDH). Spearman coefficients and a moderation analysis using Poisson modeling was used to explore the relationship between ADI and COVID-19 prevalence in the context of county designation. Results Results show that the relationship between area deprivation and COVID-19 prevalence was positive and higher for rural counties, when compared to urban ones and that family income and poverty had a stronger relationship with prevalence than other ADI component measures. Conclusions Though most Americans live in Metropolitan Areas, rural communities were found to be associated with a stronger relationship between deprivation and COVID-19 prevalence. Models for predicting COVID-19 prevalence by ADI and county type reinforced this observation but revealed no moderating effect of county type on ADI.
Quinary structure kinetically controls protein function and dysfunction

Protein self-assemblies compartmentalize cellular biochemistry and encode molecular memories; but, they also precipitate incurable degenerative diseases. These activities involve vastly different structures and time scales. Recognizing the dominant role of nucleation in self-assembly kinetics, we hypothesized that quinary structures function, in part, by dictating the energy barrier of nucleation. To investigate, we developed Distributed Amphifluoric FRET (DAmFRET), an approach to characterize protein nucleation in living cells. DAmFRET exploits a photoconvertible fluorophore and heterogeneous levels of expression to quantify a proteins self-assembly as a function of its concentration in living cells. Using DAmFRET, we characterize dozens of self-assembling proteins, and find that structural complexity produces nucleation barriers that kinetically control the proteins cellular activities. Pathological prion-like proteins tended to form metastable condensates, whereas prions with physiological functions did not. Our results suggest that quinary structure broadly distinguishes the kinetics of subcellular organization, signal propagation, cytoplasmic inheritance, and proteotoxicity.
The Challenging Case Conference: A Gamified Approach to Clinical Reasoning in the Video Conference Era

The development of clinical reasoning abilities is a core competency of emergency medicine (EM) resident education and has historically been accomplished through case conferences and clinical learning. The advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has fundamentally changed these traditional learning opportunities by causing a nationwide reliance on virtual education environments and reducing the clinical diversity of cases encountered by EM trainees.We propose an innovative case conference that combines low-fidelity simulation with elements of gamification to foster the development of clinical reasoning skills and increase engagement among trainees during a virtual conference. After a team of residents submits a real clinical case that challenged their clinical reasoning abilities, a different team of residents "plays" through a gamified, simulated version of the case live on a video conference call. The case concludes with a facilitated debriefing led by a simulation-trained faculty, where both the resident teams and live virtual audience discuss the challenges of the case. Participants described how the Challenging Case Conference improved their perceptions of their clinical reasoning skills. Audience members reported increased engagement compared to traditional conferences. Participants also reported an unexpected, destigmatizing effect on the discussion of medical errors produced by this exercise. Residency programs could consider implementing a similar case conference as a component of their conference curriculum.
Advancing photonics with machine learning

Discovering unconventional optical designs via machine-learning promises to advance on-chip circuitry, imaging, sensing, energy, and quantum information technology. In this talk, photonic design approaches and emerging material platforms will be discussed showcasting machine-learning-assisted topology optimization for thermophotovoltaic metasurface designs and machine-learning-enabled quantum optical measurements.
Ethics of Implementing US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations for Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity represents a serious and growing concern for the United States. Its negative consequences for health and well-being can be far-reaching, devastating, and intergenerational. In 2017, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a grade B recommendation for screening children and adolescents for obesity and offering or referring to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions as indicated. However, many communities in the United States have limited access to such interventions. The USPSTF's mission is to review and grade research evidence for clinical preventive services and does not include cost or population-based operationalization and implementation logistics considerations for its recommendations. Yet implementing recommendations without considering cost and operationalization may lead to equity and access challenges. These are essential considerations, but oversight of the implementation of these recommendations is not standardized or assigned to any one agency or organization. As such, a central ethical feature inherent to the implementation of USPSTF recommendations calls for stakeholder collaborations to take on the next step beyond the establishment of evidence-based recommendations: to ensure the ethical application of such guidelines across diverse populations. Furthermore, the screening-intervention relationship inherent to this USPSTF recommendation raises ethical concerns regarding US societal norms surrounding obesity, particularly when contrasted against other screening-intervention modalities. More efforts, such as increased incentives or expansion of clinical services in low-resource areas, should be taken to facilitate this recommended intervention by expanding access to childhood obesity interventions to fulfill ethical responsibilities to equity and to ensure the right to open futures for children.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which act via estrogen receptors to mediate estrogen agonist effects in some systems while exerting estrogen antagonist effects in other systems. Estrogen receptors are members of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors, comprising over 150 members. The superfamily consists of type I receptors responsible for steroid hormone action (estrogens, androgens, progestagens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids), type II receptors responsible for nonsteriodal hormone action (thyroid hormones, vitamin D receptor ligands, and retinoids), and so-called orphan receptors, which do not have identified cognate ligands. The estrogen receptor consists of six sequence domains (A-F), which are associated with various functional correlates, including ligand binding (part of the E domain), DNA binding (the C and D domains), and coactivator/corepressor binding (the A/B domain, which contains the transactivation function-1 or AF-1 region, and the E domain, which contains the AF-2 region). The estrogen receptor consists of six sequence domains (A-F), which are associated with various functional correlates, including ligand binding (part of the E domain), DNA binding (the C and D domains), and coactivator/corepressor binding (the A/B domain, which contains the transactivation function-1 or AF-1 region, and the E domain, which contains the AF-2 region). Tamoxifen was the first SERM to be used on a broad scale in the clinic. Following the recognition of its antitumor activity in animal models, it has been developed for treatment of metastatic breast cancer, for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer, and for reduction in the incidence of primary breast cancer in high-risk women.
Hazardous Wastes Management in Brazil: The Need for a Regional Synoptic Approach

Hazardous wastes management in Brazil is a particularly difficult task to accomplish. The country9s enormous area, the lack of tradition on dealing with this subject, few trained people, the high investment costs and the sophisticated technology involved make the regional management of hazardous wastes a mandatory approach to reduce costs and maximize benefits. In order to achieve this goal, a synoptic approach over an entire geographical region on all aspects of hazardous wastes management is proposed. On the other hand, several difficulties are foreseen, some of them in the socio-political arena, requiring a lot of an. environmental diplomacy and competent social communication in order to succeed. Despite the difficulties, there seem to be no options to deal with this problem when simultaneously considering its environmental, technical, and economic aspects.
Rapid changes in protein synthesis after application of arachidonic acid to potato tuber tissue

Abstract Early changes in protein synthesis were investigated in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kennebec alter application of arachidonic acid (AA), an elicitor of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin accumulation and other responses associated with hypersensitive resistance in potato. In vivo labelling of disks from potato tubers with [ 3 H]leucine showed that the rate of net protein synthesis in underlying tissues nearly doubled within 6 h of the application of AA. This is one of the earliest active responses to the elicitor known. Uptake of leucine was inhibited in the surface tissue during the first 9 h after treatment with AA but removal of the upper 1 mm of treated tissue immediately before application of leucine avoided the interference. Application of other polyunsaturated fatty acids to tuber disks also caused transient increases in protein synthesis of subsurface tissues. However, AA always induced the largest and most prolonged increases. These results clearly show that AA has marked effects on the protein metabolism of potato tubers soon after its application.
ETA-II accelerator upgrades

Recent improvements to the ETA-II linear induction electron accelerator are discussed. The accelerator's cells were carefully reconditioned to raise the maximum accelerating gap voltage from approximately 100 to 125 kV. Insulators of Rexolite plastic in a zero-gap arrangement replaced the alumina originals after several alternative materials were investigated. A multicable current feed system will be used to eliminate pulse reflection interactions encountered in earlier experiments. Improved alignment fixtures were installed to help minimize beam perturbation due to poorly aligned intercell magnets between 10-cell groups. A stretched wire alignment technique was utilized to enhance overall magnetic alignment and to characterize irreducible alignment errors. These changes are in conjunction with an expansion of the accelerator from a 20-cell to a 60-cell configuration. When completed. the upgraded accelerator is expected to deliver 2.5 kA of electron beam current at 7.5 MeV in bursts of up to 50 70-ns pulses at a 5-kHz repetition rate. A 5.5-m-long wiggler converts the energy into 3-GW microwave pulses at 140 GHz for plasma heating experiments in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment. >