cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEED TREATMENT, SEEDING RATE, AND CULTIVAR EFFECTS ON IRON DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS OF SOYBEAN

Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a common problem in the North Central United States. The objectives of these studies were to determine the effectiveness of seed treatment, seeding rate, and cultivar on the severity of chlorosis and yield of soybean grown in wide (76-cm) rows. A study in 1998 showed an early-season reduction in chlorosis when the seed of a susceptible variety (‘Glacier’) was treated with FeEDDHA, but not with Fe citrate. Studies in 1999 showed increases in leaf chlorophyll, crop height, and yield, as seeding rate of Glacier soybean was increased. Studies in 2000 compared the effectiveness of cultivar selection (Glacier, Council, Traill), seeding rate (370,000 versus 740,000 seed ha−1), and FeEDDHA seed treatment (0 versus 0.56 kg ha−1) on chlorosis severity and yield. Cultivar selection was the most effective tool in reducing chlorosis. Chlorosis was the lowest, and yields the highest with the most resistant cultivar, Traill, followed by the moderately r...
Military Policy and Reform in Ghana

THE question of how countries in Africa are dealing with the control and restructuring of their military forces and security agencies has aroused some scholarly and political interest but little systematic research. The story of the transition in Ghana may be said to have begun when the Supreme Military Council (SMC) was removed by a coup d'etat on 4 June 1979 and replaced by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) headed by Flight-Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings. The young officers had intervened, as they soon explained, because of the growing corruption and deteriorating conditions of service, the severe economic crisis and reduced military budgets, and the mismanagement of both the Armed Forces and the national government. Although power was restored to civilians only four months later, Rawlings intervened again on 31 December 1981 after the regime headed by President Hilla Limann had failed in the view of supporters of the ‘June 4 Movement’ to respond effectively to the problems faced by Ghana. Ironically this coup by Rawlings, widely known as his ‘Second Coming’, and described with some truth as ‘a popular affair’, interrupted efforts that were being made to re-professionalise the Armed Forces and restore civilian control.
Low Pressure Thermal Deposition of Metal Matrix Composites

The combination of broad materials flexibility and rapid solidification rates achievable during controlled thermal deposition processes provide material designers with exciting new opportunities. Titanium and aluminum alloys have been melted and deposited as dense (90%) sheet and foil products in a controlled low pressure, inert atmosphere chamber. A high frequency (rf) plasma torch is used for a wide range of powder feed sizes. Conversions of powder to deposit have exceeded 90% yields. The deposition chamber accommodates a 1.2 m diameter by 1.2 m wide rotating mandrel. The mandrel drive system and torches are controlled to achieve uniform deposit thickness and effective heat extraction. To produce composite products, the programmable mandrel drive has been coupled with a continuous filament feed system to achieve precise spacing of fiber reinforcements. Initial fiber winding and matrix deposition trials utilized surrogate metal fibers, IN909 and stainless steel, until suitable high strength ceramic fibers became available. The spectrum of materials included metal/metal composites and particulate reinforced matrices. Deposits were characterized with respect to density, composition and metallurgical structure. Aluminum deposits were hot rolled to full density. Preliminary mechanical properties were determined. An overview of Alcoa work to date will be presented and some future composite materials synthesis opportunities will be described.
Isolation and partial characterization of human erythrocyte membrane NADH: (Acceptor) oxidoreductase

The NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.3) was isolated from human erythrocyte ghosts by a procedure including Triton X-100 solubilization, affinity chromatography on an NAD+-Sepharose 4B column, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and isoelectric focusing. This enzyme preparation was characterized by a single band on the urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by a single precipitin line with its corresponding antiserum on double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. A 103-fold purification indicates that the oxidoreductase represents approximately 1% of the ghost protein mass. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 112 units/mg protein. The pH optimum was 6.8 and the isoelectric point, pI, was 6.6 The oxidoreductase has a specificity for NADH as a cofactor. The NADPH was ineffective as a reducing agent. The enzyme activity was strongly temperature-dependent, displaying maximal activity between 35 and 40 degrees C. The energy of activation was 4.9 kcal. The enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, anionic detergents, and divalent ions. The amino acid composition of the purified enzyme is characterized by the presence of all common amino acids including half-cystine and tryptophan. The results of carbohydrate and lipid analyses indicated that the oxidoreductase is a glycolipoprotein with fucose, galactose, mannose, and glucosamine as the sugar components and cholesterol and sphingomyelin as the lipid constituents. The apparent subunit molecular weight estimated by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of 2-mercaptoethanol was 40,000. The antiserum completely inhibited the enzymic activity at the equivalence point. We suggest that the membrane-bound NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase might be a transmembrane protein.
Quasi-steady combustion modeling of homogeneous solid propellants

Abstract Classical, linearized quasi-steady (QS) theory of unsteady combustion of homogeneous solid propellants (both pressure- and radiation-driven) is reexamined. Zeroth order, high activation energy (E/RT ⪢ 1), decomposition is assumed. Many prevailing ideas about condensed-phase pyrolsis are challenged and several misconceptions are corrected. The results show the following: (1) the inadequacy of simple Arrhenius surface pyrolysis; (2) that the common assumption of zero Jacobian (δ or ns) parameter is physically unrealistic for pressure-driven combustion except perhaps in plateau regions; (3) that classical quasi-steady theory is not necessarily incompatible with observed pressure instability [Re{Rp} > 0] in mesa propellants; (4) that measured steady-state combustion parameters (e.g., Ec = 2Es = 40 kcal/mol for double base propellant) and quasi-steady theory can model T-burner data reasonably well; (5) that the preexponential parameters in the pyrolysis expression play a critical role in the dynamic response (particularly T0 and Qc); (6) that thermal radiation also plays an important role through its effect on the steady state sensitivity parameters, particularly the k (or σp) parameter. An approach is outlined for modeling dynamic combustion response based on zeroth order pyrolysis which allows difficult parameters, such as r and δ (or A and ns) to be obtained from relatively easily measured ones, k and ν (or B and n), Ec, Qc, and Ts. An approach for determining these fundamental combustion parameters using radiation-driven unsteady burning tests is described.
Eigenvalues of a matrix inside an ellipse and Chebyshev filter

The conditions for a matrix to have all its eigenvalues inside an ellipse are obtained and explained in terms of a vector norm. A set of functions orthogonal on the ellipse is obtained and the relation between the Chebyshev filter and these functions is presented. The Butterworth filter is derived as a particular case.
Continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy using self-reporting instruments

ABSTRACTPurpose: We performed a global self-assessment of continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and determined how this global self-assessment of continence correlates with commonly used definitions of continence.Materials and Methods: Between October 2000 and February 2002 all men who underwent RRP were encouraged to complete the University of California-Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Beginning October 2002 a single question capturing the patient global self-assessment of continence status was added to the postoperative continence assessment. The study design was cross-sectional since only continence surveys submitted between October 2002 through February 2003 were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity and κ coefficient was determined for the relationship between the patient global assessment of continence vs the definition of continence based on pad requirement, problem due to incontinence and frequency of incontinence.Results: Continence pr...
Visible small-intestinal mucosal injury in chronic NSAID users

Background & Aims: Patients who regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an increased risk for small-intestinal mucosal ulceration and bleeding, which may present as anemia of undetermined gastrointestinal origin or protein loss. The prevalence and severity of small-intestinal lesions remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the frequency of NSAID-induced small-bowel injury among chronic NSAID users. Methods: Ambulatory patients with various types of arthritides who took NSAIDs daily (>3 mo duration) or took either acetaminophen alone or nothing were enrolled in the study. All patients fasted overnight and underwent wireless video capsule endoscopy. Two investigators, blind to therapy, reviewed each video beginning after the pylorus. Lesions were scored as normal, red spots, small erosions, large erosions, or ulcers. An ulcer was defined as a larger lesion with apparent depth and a definite rim. Results: Forty-one patients, 36 men and 5 women, ages ranging from 22 to 66 years (mean age, 49.8 y) were analyzed including 21 chronic NSAID users and 20 control patients. Small-bowel injury was seen in 71% of NSAID users compared with 10% of controls (P 4 erosions or large ulcers/ulcers) damage compared with none in the control group. There were no complications or problems with the capsule endoscopy procedure. Conclusions: Endoscopically evident small-intestinal mucosal injury is very common among chronic NSAID users. The role of endoscopically evident injury in unexplained iron-deficiency anemia and hypoalbuminemia among chronic NSAID users remains undetermined.
Modes of Action of Poliovirus Vaccines and Relation to Resulting Immunity

Parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) chiefly induces formation of serum antibody. Infection, with oral poliovirus vaccine ( OPV ) or wild poliovirus, also induces development of secretory IgA antibody. In addition, infection results in virus shedding and, hence, in possible spread of virus to contacts (more likely with wild than with vaccine virus). IPV induces a high level (90%-95%) of protection against disease, which presumably is mediated by serum antibody that prevents CNS invasion resulting from viremia. IPV induces little protection against infection but does modify the related virus shedding--chiefly that from the oropharynx. Infection, whether by OPV or wild virus, induces a high level of protection against disease. It also results in appreciable prevention or modification of infection because of the development of secretory IgA antibody. This effect is directly protective for the vaccinee and also benefits the community, since the exposed vaccinee can play little or no part in the spread of wild virus. One major question remaining concerns the maintenance of immunity. Lifelong immunologic memory assures an enhanced serum antibody response to any infection that occurs, but will it be sufficiently rapid that when preinfection antibody cannot be detected newly formed antibody will block blood-borne viral invasion of the CNS? If not, booster doses of vaccine are indicated. OPV boosters might be indicated in any case to reinforce protection against infection and so maintain herd immunity.
SPEED: precise and efficient static estimation of program computational complexity

This paper describes an inter-procedural technique for computing symbolic bounds on the number of statements a procedure executes in terms of its scalar inputs and user-defined quantitative functions of input data-structures. Such computational complexity bounds for even simple programs are usually disjunctive, non-linear, and involve numerical properties of heaps. We address the challenges of generating these bounds using two novel ideas.We introduce a proof methodology based on multiple counter instrumentation (each counter can be initialized and incremented at potentially multiple program locations) that allows a given linear invariant generation tool to compute linear bounds individually on these counter variables. The bounds on these counters are then composed together to generate total bounds that are non-linear and disjunctive. We also give an algorithm for automating this proof methodology. Our algorithm generates complexity bounds that are usually precise not only in terms of the computational complexity, but also in terms of the constant factors.Next, we introduce the notion of user-defined quantitative functions that can be associated with abstract data-structures, e.g., length of a list, height of a tree, etc. We show how to compute bounds in terms of these quantitative functions using a linear invariant generation tool that has support for handling uninterpreted functions. We show application of this methodology to commonly used data-structures (namely lists, list of lists, trees, bit-vectors) using examples from Microsoft product code. We observe that a few quantitative functions for each data-structure are usually sufficient to allow generation of symbolic complexity bounds of a variety of loops that iterate over these data-structures, and that it is straightforward to define these quantitative functions.The combination of these techniques enables generation of precise computational complexity bounds for real-world examples (drawn from Microsoft product code and C++ STL library code) for some of which it is non-trivial to even prove termination. Such automatically generated bounds are very useful for early detection of egregious performance problems in large modular codebases that are constantly being changed by multiple developers who make heavy use of code written by others without a good understanding of their implementation complexity.
Bridging the Gap between Testing and Technology in Schools

The widening gap between the increased use of technology in schools and the absence of computers in state-level testing programs raises important implications for policies related to the use of both technology and testing in schools. In this article, we summarize recent developments in the use of technology in schools and in state level testing programs. We then describe two studies indicating that written tests administered on paper underestimate the achievement of students accustomed to working on computers. We conclude by discussing four approaches to bridging the gap between technology and testing in U.S. schools.
Marketing to the Heart: A Practical Approach to Dealing with Health Care Quackery

AbstractThe article reviews the growing national problem of quackery in health care from a marketer's perspective. The authors explain the reasons for the continued success of health care products and services with exaggerated claims and/or false claims and present a practical approach for dealing with this problem. The authors note that most practitioners of quackery utilize well-known marketing techniques and strategies and implore their knowledge of human behavior in the consumptive role to minimize consumer susceptibility to exaggerated or misleading claims. The article notes that the relative failure of the anti-quackery movement is primarily due to its being too “logic” oriented. A number of strategies are recommended to correct the deficiencies and reduce the negative impact of quackery and health fraud. Marketing to the heart involves the recognition that people make decisions with their emotions and justify with logic. Therefore “hope” and “wellness” should become the focus of the anti-quackery c...
Chest pain is an unreliable measure of ischemia in men and women during PTCA

Objective: To investigate the differences between men and women in ischemia-induced pain, the amount of St-segment deviation (the “St deviation score”), and the relation between pain intensity and ST deviation score. Design: Retrospective, comparative descriptive. Setting: Cardiac catheterization laboratory of a large, urban, university-affiliated medical center with full cardiac services. Patients: Adults who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and had electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of myocardial ischemia during balloon inflation. Methods: Continuous 12-lead ECGs were recorded during balloon inflation in patients undergoing PTCA. Patients rated pain on a scale of 0 to 10. The total St deviation score equaled baseline ECG ST minus maximal ST deviation; absolute deviations were totaled. Frequencies, measures of central tendency, or chi-square or t tests were used for data analysis with significance established at p Results: There was no difference in the degree of chest pain between men and women during balloon inflation, nor was ST deviation score associated with pain in either gender. Pain intensity did not correlate with total ST deviation in men (r=0.02) or women (r=−0.07). Conclusions: In this study, pain was a poor indicator of ischemia in both sexes during PTCA, and the degree of pain did not correlate with the magnitude of ST deviation. More than one third of men and more than one fourth of women experienced no chest pain during balloon inflation. Clinicians should consider continuous ST-segment monitoring and patient symptoms to monitor accurately for ischemia.
Improvements in survival and disparities for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer.

Importance Laryngeal cancer survival rates have declined over the past 2 decades. Primary surgical therapy may increase survival rates in advanced-stage tumors. Objective To compare survival outcomes for initial surgical treatment of advanced-stage primary tumors in the Louisiana health system with outcomes in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective analysis was conducted at an academic tertiary referral hospital. Patients diagnosed as having laryngeal carcinoma between 1998 and 2007 were identified via a tumor registry. Louisiana State University Health–Shreveport (LSU Health) data and national data from 2000 to 2010 were obtained from the NCDB of the American College of Surgeons. Interventions Treatment of laryngeal cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures Age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, laryngeal subsite, stage, primary treatment modality, and observed survival were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 165 patients treated at LSU Health met the inclusion criteria. One hundred seventeen (70.91%) presented with advanced-stage (III/IV) disease, compared with 46.67% nationwide ( P P P P Conclusions and Relevance Louisiana State University Health–Shreveport treated more uninsured patients with advanced-stage laryngeal cancer compared with national data but demonstrated higher survival rates for those with advanced-stage disease. The results also demonstrate that we have continued a high rate of primary surgical therapy for advanced-stage disease, despite the national trend toward organ preservation. We believe that upfront laryngectomy may explain our higher survival rates for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer.
Dating Aggression Among Low Income African American Youth An Examination of Gender Differences and Antagonistic Beliefs

Prevalence of aggression inflicted and sustained in dating relationships was investigated for 171 low income African American youth. More women were victims of choking, attempted forced intercourse, and hurt feelings. As perpetrators, more women reported making threats, throwing objects, and hitting their partner. However, men perpetrated more serious sexual and psychological aggression, including forced breast fondling, attempted forced intercourse, and making a partner feel inferior and degrading her. Women victims of sexual aggression, when compared to nonvictims, expressed more agreement with adversarial sexual beliefs regarding male-female relationships. More than one third of the participants endorsed antagonistic beliefs concerning Black male-female relationships. Suggestions for intervention are presented.
Are the Mental Images of Fantasy-Prone Persons Really More “Real”?:

The construct, “fantasy-proneness” [1], has important implications for theories of mental imagery and personality. The present study used a procedure with minimal experimental demand to compare the characteristics of mental images in subjects who differed in fantasy-proneness and vividness of visual imagery. Results revealed that high fantasizers, even those who reported vivid imagery, were no more likely than other subjects to perform in a fashion indicative of “picture-like” visual images. Implications of these findings for the construct of fantasy-proneness and interpretations of self-report measures of imagination and visual imagery are discussed.
Disconnected/connected: On the “look” and the “gaze” of cell phones

Informed by nonparticipant observations of public cell phone use, we offer a Lacanian theorization of common social scenes involving mobile communication technologies. Identifying paradoxes of the ...
Quality factor enhancement in Lamb wave resonators utilizing butterfly-shaped AlN plates

A novel technique to enhance the quality factor (Q) of Lamb wave resonator by utilizing an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate formed in a butterfly shape is investigated in this paper. In the conventional design, the Q's of the micromachined Lamb wave resonators are largely harmed by the energy dissipation through the support tethers. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results show that the butterfly-shaped topology can efficiently change the displacement field in the AlN plate and reduce the vibration in the support tethers. The unloaded Q of the resonator is raised from 3,360 to 4,758 by simply using of the butterfly-shaped AlN plate with a tether-to-plate angle α = 59°, representing a 1.42× increase. The experimental Q's are also in good agreement with the anchor loss Q's computed using the PML-based FEA method.
Supervisory Predictive Control for Long-Term Scheduling of an Integrated Wind/Solar Energy Generation and Water Desalination System

In this work, we design a supervisory control system via model predictive control (MPC) for the optimal management and operation of an integrated wind-solar energy generation and reverse-osmosis (RO) water desalination system. The supervisory MPC is able to coordinate the wind and solar subsystems as well as a battery bank to provide enough energy to the RO subsystem so that enough desalinated water can be produced to satisfy the water consumption and storage demands. Optimality considerations on system operation and energy savings are also taken into account via appropriate constraints in the controller formulation. Moreover, in the supervisory MPC design, a two-time-scale property of the dynamics of the integrated system is taken advantage of to improve the computational efficiency of the control problem formulation. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed supervisory predictive control design.
Optical investigation of MBE grown Si-doped AlxGa1−xN as a function of nominal Al mole fraction up to 0.5

Al x Ga 1 - x N epitaxial films were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy and investigated as a function of Al mole fraction. Cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and optical absorption measurements were used to characterize 1 μm thick layers of Al x Ga 1 - x N with nominal x values of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 as well as GaN and the AIN buffer layer. The GaN and Al x Ga 1-x N layers were doped with 1 x 10 18 cm of Si from a Knudsen source. Typical spectra contain a donor bound exciton peak with its phonon replicas and donor acceptor pair (DAP) peaks. From the observed bound exciton peak positions and the absorption data, the band gap energies for the Al x Ga 1 - x N were estimated, and these values were compared with the linearly extrapolated band gaps. This study indicates that the MBE growth of 1 μm thick Al x Ga 1-x N layers provides good quality films for x values up to 0.3, and lesser quality films for x values above this mole fraction, requiring further improvement and/or modifications to the MBE growth technique to obtain quality Al x Ga 1 - x N alloy material for semiconductor devices.
Microbial metabolism in ice and brine at -5°C.

Summary Metabolic activity, but not growth, has been observed in ice at temperatures from −5°C to −32°C. To improve understanding of metabolism in ice, we simultaneously examined various aspects of metabolism (14C-acetate utilization, macromolecule syntheses and viability via reduction of CTC) of the glacial isolates Sporosarcina sp. B5 and Chryseobacterium sp. V3519-10 during incubation in nutrient-rich ice and brine at −5°C for 50 days. Measured rates of acetate utilization and macromolecule syntheses were high in the first 20 days suggesting adjustment to the lower temperatures and higher salt concentrations of both the liquid vein network in the ice and the brine. Following this adjustment, reproductive growth of both organisms was evident in brine, and suggested for Sporosarcina sp. B5 in ice by increases in cell numbers and biomass. Chryseobacterium sp. V3519-10 cells incubated in ice remained active. These data indicate that neither low temperature nor high salt concentrations prohibit growth in ice, but some other aspect of living within ice slows growth to within the detection limits of current methodologies. These results imply that microbial growth is plausible in natural ice systems with comparable temperatures and sufficient nutrients, such as debris-rich basal ices of glaciers and ice masses.
Prolegomena to a Cosmopolitanism in Deep Time

When Assia Djebar ([1985] 1993) recounted the nineteenth-century French conquest of Algeria, was she obliged to recognize the earlier conquest of the Algerian Arabs by the Ottomans? Are we sure that this should not also count as colonialism? Was Djebar obliged, going even further back, to recognize the conquest by the Arabs of the Berbers? Would not this too have to be called an imperial conquest? The moment seems to have come when such awkward discipline-stretching issues are unavoidable. The cosmopolitanism with which we are familiar is geographical – an impulse to undo centuries of Eurocentrism by factoring in cultures and viewpoints from outside Europe and its settler colonies. But geographical cosmopolitanism entails a temporal cosmopolitanism that is less familiar – an expansion back in time to take in cultural texts, events and moments, like the classical canons of China and India or premodern empires, that are not merely non-European but also untethered to Europe by the usual relation of unequal p...
Allergic responses to biting and stinging insects.

Biting and stinging insects are classified under the major division of arthropods. The arthropods consist of eighty-five per cent of the animal kingdom. Since we share so much of this earth's surface with these small creatures, it is evident that they must often affect our lives. Man may be helped by some activities or hindered by others. On the positive side, arthropods help in the pollination of plants, destroying the dead animals and plants, and help to return the organic materials to the soil. The value of bee products such as honey and wax is estimated to be as high as fifty million dollars each year in the United States. On the negative side, arthropods can cause disease and varied allergic reactions. This article will deal chiefly with the allergic responses. Most of the allergic reactions are minor annoyances, but some are serious and can result in death.
A Taste of Place: Environmental Geographies of the Classic Beer Styles

The environmental geographies of beer can be viewed as a coupling of Earth’s elements (yeast; hops; malt; water) and brewing ingenuity. Yeast literally brings life to beer, contributing distinctive flavors and frothiness. Hops do best at cooler latitudes, and in wetter climates, where soils, day length, temperature, rainfall and terrain all influence regional hop characteristics. Brewing malts are cultivated, mostly, in a cool swath of countries just poleward of 45° north latitude. Mixtures of minerals found in local water supplies impart characteristic flavors and mouth feel to beers brewed there. The geographic combination of variations in yeast, hops, malt and water produce, we argue, a ‘taste of the place’ that one can term the ‘terroir’ of beer. Climate change could, however, modify beer terroir. A warming planet would alter the latitudinal range of future hop and malt cultivation, leading to changes in supplies, quality, and prices.
On the use of pore-scale computational models for two-phase porous-media flows

Pore-scale network models provide insights into two-fluid porous-media flow systems. Their ability to simulate laboratory experiments allows continuumscale constitutive relationships to be derived from these models. Because all fluid-fluid interfaces are modeled explicitly, quantities that are difficult or impossible to measure, such as interfacial areas, can be calculated within the model. This allows new constitutive relationships to be investigated, and theoretical conjectures to be tested. In one such test, a functional dependence between interfacial area, capillary pressure, and saturation is observed, but the extended interfacial area function still exhibits hysteretic behavior. Additional calculations involving contact-line length, mass-transfer phemonena, and dynamics of interface motion allow additional relationships to be developed and tested.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome.

A 39-year-old healthy man noticed a painful left chest wall mass associated with daily fevers, generalized pruritus, and jaundice. A hepatic panel showed a total bilirubin of 24.9 mg/dL, AST of 224 U/L, ALT of 506 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase of 1947 U/L. A chest computerized tomography (CT) showed a 9.6 x 5.2 cm chest wall mass extending to the mediastinum, and biopsy revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). An abdominal CT showed normal liver parenchyma without ductal obstruction. Liver biopsy revealed bile duct damage, cholestasis, and hepatocyte injury (Figure 1).
Chinese film history and historiography

Reflecting on the remarkable rise of Chinese film studies, Paul G. Pickowicz observes that, merely 35 years ago, world-wide scholars knew little about Chinese cinema, yet now ‘scholarly interest in...
Epistemic modals and modus tollens

Epistemic modals in consequent place of indicative conditionals give rise to apparent counterexamples to Modus Tollens. Familiar assumptions behind familiar truth conditional theories of embedded modality facilitate a prima facie explanation—viz., that the target cases harbor epistemic modal equivocations. However, this sort of explanation goes too far. It fosters other predictions of equivocation in places where in fact there are none. It is argued that the solution is to drop the credo that modal claims are inherently relational (i.e., that they express a logical relation between a prejacent and a contextually determined premise-set) in favor of a view that treats them as inherently quantificational. In particular it is suggested that epistemic modals express covert mass noun descriptions of information of the form “the actionable information stands in logical relation L to prejacent p”. We demonstrate how this approach unlocks the equivocation problem.
The Fate of Soluble Fibrin Monomer in Relation to Intravascular Fibrin Formation and Degradation in Rabbits

125I-labeled fibrinogen or fibrin monomer (FM) were infused into rabbits, and the radioactivity in the blood, certain organs, and urine was followed. In the FM rabbits, a progressive, relatively rapid loss of blood radioactivity occurred which was accompanied by radioactive deposits in the organs and the excretion of radioactivity in the urine. Extraction of radioactive material from homogenized organ tissues of FM-infused rabbits showed that most of it had the characteristics of stabilized fibrin. Administration of EACA did not change any of the measurements in the fibrinogen animals but increased the rate and extent of fibrin deposition in the FM animals. In animals made leukopenic with HN2, fibrin deposition was inhibited. The findings indicate that a major pathway of FM clearance from the blood involves fibrin formation and deposition with subsequent degradation and excretion. The reticuloendothelial system appeared to play a major role in FM clearance, since most of the fibrin deposits were found in the liver, and the highest concentration was in the spleen. A nonenzymatic mechanism of fibrin formation from soluble FM involving leukocytes is postulated.
Eigenvalues of Graphs

The study of eigenvalues of graphs has a long history. Since the early days, representation theory and number theory have been very useful for examining the spectra of strongly regular graphs with symmetries. In contrast, recent developments in spectral graph theory concern the effectiveness of eigenvalues in studying general (unstructured) graphs. The concepts and techniques, in large part, use essentially geometric methods.(Still, extremal and explicit constructions are mostly algebraic [20].) There has been a significant increase in the interaction between spectral graph theory and many areas of mathematics as well as other disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, communication theory, and computer sciences.
Hypertension without peripheral insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We performed euglycemic clamp studies with labeled glucose to measure insulin's effect on hepatic glucose output (HGO) and peripheral glucose clearance in eight conscious mobile spontaneously hyper...
Gene Transfer into the Colonic Mucosa

Somatic gene therapy is based on the principle of transferring recombinant genes efficiently into somatic tissues and achieving expression of the gene product in order to replace genetically defective gene functions or alter pathological disease processes. The development of a gene therapy model system that can stably produce and deliver bioactive target proteins into the intestinal microenvironment may represent an important advance in the treatment of several gut-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Ideally, transfection of the gut epithelia and their progenitor stem cells (i.e., epithelial crypt cells), would enable the local and targeted production of the desired gene product into the intestinal milieu. Furthermore, such genetically altered cells would have the ability to replicate the transfected gene and continue to produce and secrete its specifically encoded protein without interfering with the function of the tissue in which they reside.
Working Memory Capacity and Errors Following Interruptions

Errors following interruptions are problematic in many environments. Previous interruption research has focused on mitigation methods (e.g., alerts, cues) to reduce the deleterious effects of interruptions. However, little research has examined whether any individual difference measures can be used to predict how many errors individuals are likely to make following interruptions. The goal for the present research was to determine whether individual differences in working memory capacity, a measure of interference management (e.g., Kane & Engle, 2002 ), relate to errors following interruptions. Participants completed a procedural interruption task and multiple measures of working memory capacity. We found a moderate negative relationship ( r = −.35) between a composite variable of working memory capacity and the number of errors made following interruptions. In safety-critical environments, it may be best to assign individuals with higher working memory capacity to tasks where errors may have dire outcomes.
Basic spin physics.

Magnetic resonance imaging is fundamentally a measurement of the magnetism inherent in some nuclear isotopes; of these the proton, or hydrogen atom, is of particular interest for clinical applications. The magnetism in each nucleus is often referred to as spin. A strong, static magnetic field B0 is used to align spins, forming a magnetic density within the patient. A second, rotating magnetic field B1 (RF pulse) is applied for a short duration, which rotates the spins away from B0 in a process called excitation. After the spins are rotated away from B0, the RF pulse is turned off, and the spins precess about B0. As long as the spins are all pointing in the same direction at any one time (have phase coherence), they act in concert to create rapidly oscillating magnetic fields. These fields in turn create a current in an appropriately placed receiver coil, in a manner similar to that of an electrical generator. The precessing magnetization decays rapidly in a duration roughly given by the T2 time constant. At the same time, but at a slower rate, magnetization forms again along the direction of B0; the duration of this process is roughly expressed by the T1 time constant. The precessional frequency of each spin is proportional to the magnetic field experienced at the nucleus. Small variations in this magnetic field can have dramatic effects on the MR image, caused in part by loss of phase coherence. These magnetic field variations can arise because of magnet design, the magnetic properties (susceptibility) of tissues and other materials, and the nuclear environment unique to various sites within any given molecule. The loss of phase coherence can be effectively eliminated by the use of RF refocusing pulses. Conventional MR imaging experiments can be characterized as either gradient echo or spin echo, the latter indicating the use of a RF refocusing pulse, and by the parameters TR, TE, and flip angle alpha. Tissues, in turn, are characterized by their individual spin density, M0, and by the T1, T2, and T2* time constants. Knowledge of these parameters allows one to calculate the resulting signal from a given tissue for a given MR imaging experiment.
Geometric Reciprocity Laws

Since reciprocity laws play an important role in this book, we now describe several reciprocity laws appearing in number theory in terms of automorphism groups of a field fixing a given prime or a given point. Only this chapter contains (elementary) exercises.
Nanotubes and Nanofibers

Preface Carbon Nanotubes: Structure and Properties John E. Fischer Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes Eduard G. Rakov Graphite Whiskers, Cones, and Polyhedral Crystals Svetlana Dimovski and Yury Gogotsi Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Materials of Metal Dichalcogenide and Related Layered Compounds Reshef Tenne Boron Nitride Nanotubes:Synthesis and Structure Hongzhou Zhang and Ying Chen Nanotubes in Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites Fangming Du and Karen I. Winey One-Dimensional Semiconductor and Oxide Nanostructures Jonathan E. Spanier Nanofiber Technology Frank K. Ko Index
Approaching End-of-Life with Aplomb and Plombage.

A n 84-year-old gentleman was admitted with complications from lung adenocarcinoma. He had a remote history of pulmonary tuberculosis, and was status post plombage of the right upper thorax (Fig. 1). Based on the observation that patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were apparently cured after a spontaneous pneumothorax, methylmethacrylate (Lucite) balls were used in the early to midtwentieth century to collapse the infected lung, a practice known as Lucite-ball plombage. Late complications of plombage include infection, fistulization, ball fractures, cancer involving the balls, and even migration outside the thoracic cavity. Lucite-ball plombage was eventually deemed antiquated due to high complication rates and the advent of effective antituberculosis medications. This patient’s anterior mediastinal adenocarcinoma had been diagnosed three years prior without clear connection to the plombage cavity, deemed unresectable, and was treated with palliative chemotherapy and radiation (Fig. 2). The air/fluid level seen in one of the thoracic balls was unchanged for many years (Fig. 2, white asterisk). He died of sepsis after electing for comfort care.
Carbon nanotube fiber array field emission cathodes

Field emission (FE) cathodes made from carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have demonstrated high emission currents, low turn-on voltages, long lifetimes and offer considerable potential for use as electron sources for vacuum electronic devices. CNT fibers were fabricated by wet-spinning of pre-made CNTs1 and consist of CNT fibrils held together by van der Waals forces. The fibers were 50μm in diameter and their morphology was controlled by fabrication method, processing conditions, as well as purity, size, and type of the CNT starting material. These fibers have demonstrated stable field emission currents exceeding 1 mA for 10 hours2. Cathode arrays were made by weaving the CNT fiber into carbon cloth which is then mounted to a graphite block. All fibers were cut to uniform height by holding the fibers between 2 glass slides and cutting with a razor blade across the top. A 5×5 array consisting of 5mm long fibers spaced 5mm apart was fabricated. The array was tested in a diode configuration test stand with DC emission current reaching 17mA for an applied field strength of 0.39V/am. The cathode array demonstrated stable emission at ∼9mA for 1 hour of operation. A 10×10 array consisting of 1mm length fibers spaced 1mm apart has been fabricated and the results will be presented.
Social Support and HIV Risks Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Market Workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan

Migration processes are listed within the primary factors facilitating the heterosexual spread of HIV. The study examines the relationship between social support, sexual HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 1342 male migrant and non-migrant market workers from Barakholka Market in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Results: (1) higher level of perceived social support [Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) Social Support Instrument (ESSI score)] was associated with a lower likelihood of having sex with a female sex worker (FSW) [OR = 0.952 (0.927, 0.978) p < .001]; (2) higher availability of friends was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.244 (1.007, 1.537), p < .05]; (3) larger network size was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.201 (1.026, 1.407), p < .05]; (4) loneliness was associated with an increased likelihood of having unprotected sex with any female partner [RR = 1.102 (1.027, 1.182), p < .05]. Results suggest that social support factors should be considered as a component of HIV and STI prevention programs for male migrant workers from Central Asia in Kazakhstan.
An Englishman Abroad: Robert Bernasconi’s Work on Race

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the contribution Robert Bernasconi has made to the critical philosophy of race. I look at some representative samples of his work under four categories: (i) his racially informed critiques of canonical Western philosophical figures; (ii) his expositions/reconstructions/recuperations of racially informed theory from canonical (and some non-canonical) Western philosophical figures; (iii) his reflections on race/whiteness/imperialism and their implications; and (iv) his views on race as it has shaped the historic and current realities of philosophy as a discipline.
Diversity dynamics: The experience of male Robert Wood Johnson Foundation nurse faculty scholars

Abstract Background Managing diversity dynamics in academic or clinical settings for men in nursing has unique challenges resulting from their minority status within the profession. Purpose The purpose of this study was to share challenges and lessons learned identified by male scholars in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program and suggest strategies for creating positive organizations promoting inclusive excellence. Methods Multiple strategies including informal mentored discussions and peer-to-peer dialogue throughout the program, formal online surveys of scholars and National Advisory Committee members, and review of scholar progress reports were analyzed as part of the comprehensive evaluation plan of the program. Discussion Diversity dynamic issues include concerns with negative stereotyping, microaggression, gender intelligence, and differences in communication and leadership styles. Conclusion Male nurse faculty scholars report experiencing both opportunities and challenges residing in a predominately female profession. This article attempts to raise awareness and suggest strategies to manage diversity dynamics in service of promoting the development of a culture of health that values diversity and inclusive excellence for both men and women in academic, research, and practice contexts.
Repair of Isolated Sternal Fracture

Operation designed to repair transverse sternal fractures not associated with injuries of the internal organs.
The Effects of Rumination and Distraction Tasks on Psychophysiological Responses and Mood in Dysphoric and Nondysphoric Individuals

Prior experimental manipulations of ruminative and distractive response style have not included psychophysiological measures or investigated the statistical relation between rumination and the conceptually-related constructs of worry and neuroticism. Dysphoric (n =84) and nondysphoric participants (n =86) were randomly assigned to either a rumination task (i.e., self-focused attention) or a distraction task. Results supported prior findings that distraction and rumination differentially impact depressed mood in dysphoric individuals; dysphoric ruminators reported significantly higher levels of postexperiment depressed mood than did dysphoric distractors, even after neuroticism, worry, or response style were included in the empirical model. However, post- rumination worry ratings were significantly higher than postdistraction worry ratings, regardless of initial dysphoria status. Of the psychophysiological responses measured, a significant difference in postrumination systolic blood pressure was found between nondysphoric men (M = 119.88; SE = 1.29) and nondysphoric women (M = 114.88; SE = 1.20). The implications of these results for future response style studies are discussed
Mitigating the Hawthorne Effect Using Computer Simulations

The Hawthorne studies by Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) that investigated workplace behavior have maintained a consistent presence in social science and education research literature (Chiesa & Hobbs, 2008). The Hawthorne Effect has been often noted in social experiments describing participants modifying their behavior during the investigation because they know they are being studied (G. Payne & J. Payne, 2004). This chapter explores the use of the Hawthorne Effect in the literature and incorporates the possibility of mitigating the Hawthorne Effect with an investigation of a computer simulation embedded with performance-based assessments. Participant responses about the effect of the simulation on their responses initiated this exploration in the Hawthorne Effect. Findings and implications delve into the applicable uses of computer simulations.