cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Salamanders Have Taught Us About Evolution

Taxon-based research in evolution permits the development of a multidimensional approach, illustrated here with lessons learned from research on salamanders. The clade is widespread and diverse, yet sufficiently small that one can keep all of the species in mind. This facilitates research from diverse perspectives: systematics and phylogenetics, morphology, development, ecology, neurobiology, behavior, and physiology. Different avenues of research offer unique perspectives on how a relatively old vertebrate clade has diversified. An integrated, hierarchically organized, multidimensional program of research on a taxon illuminates many general principles and processes. Among these are the nature of species and homology, adaptation and adaptive radiations, size and shape in relation to issues in organismal integration, ontogeny and development in relation to phylogeny, the ubiquity of homoplasy, ecological niche conservation, species formation, biodiversity, and conservation. Opportunities for future researc...
Nitric oxide inhibits uptake of dopamine and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) but not release of MPP+ in rat C6 glioma cells expressing human dopamine transporter.

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite on dopamine (DA) uptake and release. In the present study, effects of NO donors were studied in rat C6 glioma cells expressing human DA transporter. [3H]-DA uptake was inhibited by S-nitroso-thiol S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, spermine/NO, diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO), (Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)-amino]/NO (PAPA/NO), and 3-morphosynodiomine (SIN-1) in a rank order correlating with their half lives as NO donors, whereas no effect was observed for diethylenetriamine/NO and dipropylenetriamine/NO, which release NO very slowly. Hydroxycobalamin, a NO scavenger, but not superoxide dismutase and catalase, enzymes that metabolize superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, abolished the inhibitory effect of DEA/NO and SIN-1, indicating that they inhibit DA uptake through a mechanism related to the production of NO but unrelated to the formation of peroxynitrite. In consonance, peroxynitrite did not alter DA uptake in the present system. DEA/NO and PAPA/NO reduced [3H]-MPP+ uptake, whereas the release of [3H]-MPP+ was not modified, demonstrating that NO can inhibit uptake of DA transporter substrate without accelerating DA transporter-mediated reverse transport of substrate under the same conditions. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 1155–1162. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704974
Performance evaluation of EVRC-encoded voice traffic over CDMA EVDO Rev. A

Voice traffic is not efficiently supported by CDMA EVDO Rev. A from its original design, but an efficient approach is needed to support voice traffic over CDMA EVDO Rev. A for graceful migration from CDMA2000 1x to CDMA EVDO Rev. A as voice service revenue is still the dominant income source for cellular service providers. To understand the system design tradeoffs, we first investigate the traffic characteristics of EVRC-encoded real voice traces and we find that the correlation structure of voice traffic exhibits strong long-range dependence. We further observe that the burst length distribution of voice traffic is heavy-tailed. Traditional Markov-model could not accurately characterize the true nature of the voice traffic. In the major part of our study, we examine the tradeoff between the initial play out delay and voice quality for real voice traces over CDMA EVDO Rev. A. We also examine the tradeoff between voice quality and RF conditions, e.g., the location of mobiles and the number of mobiles in a sector, etc. Finally, we address the performance aspects of voice traffic over CDMA EVDO Rev. A with adaptive frame bundling (AFB) techniques.
Evolving concepts in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pheochromocytoma.

THE very first known successful operation for removal of a pheochromocytoma was performed by Cesar Roux in February 1926 in Lausanne, Switzerland (1). C. H. Mayo performed the first successful removal of a pheochromocytoma in North America in October of the same year (2). Since these first successful operations, considerable progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma. The availability of sensitive and specific immunoassay procedures, the development of simplified diagnostic testing, and the introduction of sensitive imaging techniques have enhanced the clinician's ability to make the diagnosis with greater certainty. In addition, a better understanding of catecholamine action and the pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and an appreciation of the wide range of clinical manifestations associated with it have led not only to earlier recognition of the disease but also to a more rational approach to its diagnosis and management. Nevertheless, there are still uncertainties regard...
The odd-job alleyway of building: Modernization, marketing, and architectural practice in the 1930s

This article examines the emergence of “modernization”—the remodeling of existing buildings—as a significant part of architectural practice in the United States in the 1930s. It shows how the Great Depression spurred interest in modernization among architects and building material manufacturers. It reveals how architects reconsidered the scale, scope, and substance of professional practice. It investigates how manufacturers developed products and construction methods specifically for modernization, and it analyzes their strategies for promoting these products to architects and architectural clients. The article argues that modernization embodied a nexus of social, economic, and technological factors that transformed the interaction of architects, manufacturers, and clients, as well as the buildings they produced. It further contends that this transformation had important consequences, bringing about a reevaluation of the nature and definition of architecture and a questioning of the relationship between architecture and the marketplace—issues that are still being debated today.
Vanishing viscosity approximation to hyperbolic conservation laws

Abstract We study high order convergence of vanishing viscosity approximation to scalar hyperbolic conservation laws in one space dimension. We prove that, under suitable assumptions, in the region where the solution is smooth, the viscous solution admits an expansion in powers of the viscosity parameter e. This allows an extrapolation procedure that yields high order approximation to the non-viscous limit as e → 0 . Furthermore, an integral across a shock also admits a power expansion of e, which allows us to construct high order approximation to the location of the shock. Numerical experiments are presented to justify our theoretical findings.
A wireless electronic monitoring system for securing milk from farm to processor

The Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services have targeted bulk food contamination as a focus for attention. The contamination of bulk food poses a high consequence threat to our society. Milk transport falls into three of the 17 targeted NIPP (National Infrastructure Protection Plan) sectors including agriculture-food, public health, and commercial facilities. Minimal security safeguards have been developed for bulk milk transport. The current manual methods of securing milk are paper intensive and prone to errors. The bulk milk transportation sector requires a security enhancement that will both reduce recording errors and enable normal transport activities to occur while providing security against unauthorized access. Milk transportation companies currently use voluntary seal programs that utilize plastic, numbered seals on milk transport tank openings. Our group has developed a Milk Transport Security System which is an electromechanical access control and communication system that assures the secure transport of milk, milk samples, milk data, and security data between locations and specifically between dairy farms, transfer stations, receiving stations, and milk plants. It includes a security monitoring system installed on the milk transport tank, a hand held device, optional printers, data server, and security evaluation software. The system operates automatically and requires minimal or no attention by the bulk milk hauler/sampler. The system is compatible with existing milk transport infrastructure, and has the support of the milk producers, milk transportation companies, milk marketing agencies, and dairy processors. The security protocol developed is applicable for transport of other bulk foods both nationally and internationally. This system adds significantly to the national security infrastructure for bulk food transport. We are currently demonstrating the system in central Kentucky and will report on the results of the demonstration.
A Cointegrating approach to budget deficits and long-term interest rates

A cointegrating approach is undertaken in this study to determine if there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between budget deficits and long-term interest rates for the United States and nine European countries. The cointegration approach consists of conducting cointegration tests and then testing several hypothesized values for the deficit and price expectations variables. The cointegration results suggest the existence of several significant cointegrating vectors for each of the ten countries, which would seem to appeal to the view of budget deficits having a positive impact on long-term interest rates. The hypothesized values for the deficit and price expectations variables are found to be too strict since the hypotheses are rejected in every case but one.
Work Motivation in the United States, Russia, and the Republic of China (Taiwan): A Comparison

This study evaluated aspects of work motivation across three cultures. In a replication of earlier research comparing the ranking of ten motivational factors by management and workers, this study used comparison data for current United States, Russian, and Chinese (Taiwan) samples. The results indicate an improved relationship between perceptions of managers and workers in the United States, a strong discrepancy in the Russian sample between expectations of management and workers, and a reasonable match for the Taiwan sample. Differences in motivational factor importance are explored between the three samples and the implications for multinational management issues are explored.
Autoantibody recognition mechanisms of p53 epitopes

Abstract There is an urgent need for economical blood based, noninvasive molecular biomarkers to assist in the detection and diagnosis of cancers in a cost-effective manner at an early stage, when curative interventions are still possible. Serum autoantibodies are attractive biomarkers for early cancer detection, but their development has been hindered by the punctuated genetic nature of the ten million known cancer mutations. A landmark study of 50,000 patients (Pedersen et al., 2013) showed that a few p53 15-mer epitopes are much more sensitive colon cancer biomarkers than p53, which in turn is a more sensitive cancer biomarker than any other protein. The function of p53 as a nearly universal “tumor suppressor” is well established, because of its strong immunogenicity in terms of not only antibody recruitment, but also stimulation of autoantibodies. Here we examine dimensionally compressed bioinformatic fractal scaling analysis for identifying the few sensitive epitopes from the p53 amino acid sequence, and show how it could be used for early cancer detection (ECD). We trim 15-mers to 7-mers, and identify specific 7-mers from other species that could be more sensitive to aggressive human cancers, such as liver cancer. Our results could provide a roadmap for ECD.
A longitudinal intergenerational analysis of executive functions during early childhood.

Despite the importance of executive function (EF) in both clinical and educational contexts, the aetiology of individual differences in early childhood EF remains poorly understood. This study provides the first longitudinal intergenerational analysis of mother–child EF associations during early childhood. A group of children and their mothers (n = 62) completed age-appropriate EF tasks. Mother and child EFs were modestly correlated by 24 months of age, and this association was stable through 48 months.Importantly,maternal–childEFassociationswerestillrobustaftercontrolling for verbal ability (potential indicator of verbal/crystallized intelligence) and maternal education (correlate of socio-economic status and verbal intelligence). Potential implications of these findings as well as underlying mechanisms of the maternal–child EF association (gene–environment interplay) are discussed.
Assessment of Corn Pollen as a Food Source for Two Tephritid Fruit Fly Species

The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a serious pest of cucurbit crops. Although melon fly females oviposit in cucurbit crops, both males and females are frequently associated with a range of nonhost plants, including both crops such as corn (Zea mays C. Linnaeus) and wild plants such as castor bean (Ricinus communis C. Linnaeus) that occur within the cropping area or along the crop borders. This association with nonhost plants has been used for control purposes through the technique of spraying protein baits incorporating a toxicant on these nonhost plants. Association of melon flies to corn has not been reported to be tied to any phenological stage of corn. We report field studies that show that melon flies, as well as oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel), may show increased population levels in corn at the time of, and subsequent to, flowering and pollen shed and suggest that this population increase may be tied to pollen consumption. Before this, pollen had not been reported to be an important food source for the tropical Bactrocera spp.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MARINE SPONGE CELLS IN VITRO: DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED GROWTH MEDIUM

As sources of natural products with potential human therapeutic value, marine sponges are important subjects for cell culture studies. A critical component of any cell culture system is its growth medium. Proceeding from the hypotheses that the thawed, cryopreserved, primary cells would display detectable differential responses and that those responses could be comparatively quantified, this study has established that multiwell screening assays are useful tools for improving medium formulations in cell cultures of the marine sponge, Teichaxinella morchella. Fluorescent probe signals were correlated with known cell densities and viabilities in a 96-well format. Analysis of variance and post-test methods were applied to judge the significance of signal differences seen in a variety of medium formulations. Results from a series of experiments suggested that reducing glutamine and selenium concentrations in the standard medium would result in greater DNA, protein, and esterase activity signals. This was confirmed by the direct comparison of the standard and improved medium formulations. Significantly higher protein content and esterase activity were associated with the improved medium. DNA content was also higher, though not significantly. The result is a new medium formulation that may be more able to support cell growth and division, providing an improved cell culture system for marine sponge cell studies. The assays can be used in additional studies to further improve the in vitro conditions for marine sponge cell culture.
Action Potential Shape Is a Crucial Measure of Cell Type of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiocytes.

Cardiac myocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) are an exciting novel human experimental system that has great promise for use in cardiac drug safety design, testing, and research. Despite the very recent emergence of this technology (1–9), the use of iPSC-derived (iPSCD) cardiocytes in research and drug development has exploded (9–19). Development of safety testing approaches using iPSCD cardiocytes is actively encouraged by the both the FDA (20) and the international consortium that regulates drug safety standards in their recent comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay initiative.
Field Oriented Control (Vector Control) of 3 Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motors

Vector control, also described as field oriented control, is being increasingly used for the speed control of induction motors. This is because, with vector control, it is possible to achieve high dynamic (transient) performance, equalling that of the separately excited DC motor, in variable speed AC drives. Therefore, vector control makes it possible to use, in place of a DC motor, a 3 phase induction motor, which is smaller, mechanically more sturdy, less expensive, and does not have the commutator or other rubbing contacts, and is therefore free of associated maintenance requirements and sparking problems. Vector control, however, requires on-line computation of certain control variables using inputs from sensing elements which continually sense operating motor variables such as motor line currents, motor shaft position or speed. These computed control variables serve as feedback values, which are compared with the appropriate reference values. The errors are continuously corrected by appropriately del...
High Temperature Laminate Characterization

Printed circuit boards have been reported to have limited lifetime at 200 to 250°C. Characterization and modeling high temperature laminates for application at 200 to 250°C was conducted to better quantify the mean lifetime using accelerated testing of key functional parameters. Life testing and model development was applied for via cyclic life, peel strength, and weight loss. Four high temperature laminates consisting of 2 types were evaluated. Via lifetime was characterization using Interconnect Stress Test (IST) coupons. Peel strength was tested using IPC IPC-TM-650 method 2.4.8c. Weight loss was characterized using isothermal aging. Comparison of lifetime is made between the laminate samples.
Relationships Between Patterns of Face Fly Capture and Pasture Topography, Vegetation, and Cattle Movements

Sticky, white pyramid traps set at 20 to 23 sites in each of four Maryland cattle pastures were used to monitor dispersal and dispersion of face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer. The greatest number of flies of both sexes were caught in valleys near water and cattle resting sites. However, the largest number of males was caught near intersecting forest borders. whereas the largest number of females was caught near scattered trees. Fly dispersal routes appeared to be along valleys. particularly those which had a stream and trees. Face fly trap sites are described and ranked on the basis of ecological factors.
Enhanced consumer goal achievement through strengths-based group supervision.

PURPOSE This article seeks to enhance and support consumer-centered care in psychiatric rehabilitation through the use of strengths-based group supervision (SBGS). SOURCES USED The article is based on social science research findings, 30 years of experience with the model, and the literature on supervision. Relevant findings from research on the model are included. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE SBGS is a promising approach for improving consumer goal achievement and centeredness. It warrants further implementation and research.
Polysaccharide-catalyzed nucleation and growth of disordered dolomite: A potential precursor of sedimentary dolomite

The origin of dolomite is a long-standing enigma in sedimentary geology. It has been proposed that microorganisms, especially anaerobic microorganisms, can overcome kinetic barriers to facilitate dolomite precipitation, although their specific role in dolomite formation is still unclear. Our experimental results demonstrate that disordered dolomite can be synthesized at room temperature abiotically from solutions containing polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose or agar. We propose that when dissolved in solution, polysaccharides can be strongly adsorbed on Ca-Mg carbonate surfaces through hydrogen bonding. The adsorbed polysaccharides may help weaken the chemical bonding between surface Mg2+ ions and water molecules, which can lower the energy barrier to the desolvation of surface Mg2+-water complexes, enhance Mg2+ incorporation into the precipitating carbonate, and thereby promote disordered dolomite formation. In natural environments, it is possible that polysaccharides produced by microorganisms, e.g., extracellular polysaccharides, may play a key role in promoting disordered dolomite nucleation and crystallization. In marine sediments, the accumulated dissolved carbohydrates produced from organic matter degradation during early diagenesis may also serve as catalysts for disordered dolomite formation.
Bolbitis occidentalis (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from the western side of the Andes of Ecuador

A new species, Bolbitis occidentalis , is here described. It is endemic to the western side of the Ecuadorian Andes. Specimens of this new species were previously identified as B. pandurifolia. The two species are close morphologically, the only difference being the shape of the lamina base. Geographically, the two species are separated by the Andes, with B. occidentalis occurring only on the western side in Ecuador, and B. pandurifolia occurring only on the eastern side in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The two species might have arisen as a result of vicariance from the final uplift of the northern Andes, but this is uncertain. They appear to be sister to B. simplex, the only other Neotropical species with simple, entire leaves and narrow wings on both sides of the rachis abaxially. A key, descriptions, and distribution maps of all three species are given.
A TEST OF THE AFRO CARIBBEAN MODEL MINORITY HYPOTHESIS: Exploring the Role of Cultural Attributes in Labor Market Disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans

Throughout the twentieth century, Black immigrants from the Caribbean attained greater socioeconomic status than African Americans. Although Black immigrants remain an understudied population, recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans continue to outperform African Americans in the labor market. Given that these groups share a set of racialized physical features, some contend that this gap highlights the role of cultural attributes in the manufacture of Black ethnic and Black-White racial disparities. In this study, I investigate the degree to which cultural attributes associated with a specific form of the model minority hypothesis are responsible for disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I use data from the National Survey of American Life in order to test for the relative roles of work ethic, economic autonomy, oppositionality, family structure and function, and racial attitudes in the manufacture of disparate labor market outcomes between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I find mixed support for the idea that Afro Caribbeans constitute a model minority vis-a-vis African Americans and that differences in model minority attributes are only partially responsible for these labor market disparities. My findings suggest that racial inequality will not be undone if the racially stigmatized and marginalized simply work harder and complain less about race and racism in the United States.
Reversal of Fortunes: Transformations in State-NGO Relations in Bangladesh:

In 2011, the government of Bangladesh began an investigation into the financial dealings of the Grameen Bank that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. This disciplining of a world-renowned institutio...
Synthesis of Non-natural, Frame-Shifted Isoprenoid Diphosphate Analogues

A set of synthetic approaches was developed and applied to the synthesis of eight frame-shifted isoprenoid diphosphate analogues. These analogues were designed to increase or decrease the methylene units between the double bonds and/or the pyrophosphate moieties of the isoprenoid structure. Evaluation of mammalian GGTase-I and FTase revealed that small structural changes can result in substantial changes in substrate activity.
Myocardial relaxation is accelerated by fast stretch, not reduced afterload

Fast relaxation of cross-bridge generated force in the myocardium facilitates efficient diastolic function. Recently published research studying mechanisms that modulate the relaxation rate has focused on molecular factors. Mechanical factors have received less attention since the 1980s when seminal work established the theory that reducing afterload accelerates the relaxation rate. Clinical trials using afterload reducing drugs, partially based on this theory, have thus far failed to improve outcomes for patients with diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, we reevaluated the protocols that suggest reducing afterload accelerates the relaxation rate and identified that myocardial relengthening was a potential confounding factor. We hypothesized that the speed of myocardial relengthening at end systole (end systolic strain rate), and not afterload, modulates relaxation rate and tested this hypothesis using electrically-stimulated trabeculae from mice, rats, and humans. We used load-clamp techniques to vary afterload and end systolic strain rate independently. Our data show that the rate of relaxation increases monotonically with end systolic strain rate but is not altered by afterload. Computer simulations mimic this behavior and suggest that fast relengthening quickens relaxation by accelerating the detachment of cross-bridges. The relationship between relaxation rate and strain rate is novel and upends the prevailing theory that afterload modifies relaxation. In conclusion, myocardial relaxation is mechanically modified by the rate of stretch at end systole. The rate of myocardial relengthening at end systole may be a new diagnostic indicator or target for treatment of diastolic dysfunction.
Modern diuretic agents I. Mechanisms of action and pharmacologic considerations.

Summary The foregoing has been an attempt to review the pharmacology of a rapidly expanding group of agents broadly classified as diuretics. It is hoped that this material will provide a useful background to the pediatrician on whom calls to use these agents fall far less frequently than upon the internist. Details of dosage and administration of the various agents have been omitted from consideration. Instead, it has seemed preferable to group these latter considerations together in a companion report 8 dealing with the use of these agents in edema states commonly encountered in pediatric practice rather than to overburden with detail the present exploration of a large and complex area.
Abstract WMP87: Inflammatory Response in Cerebrospinal Fluid is Triggered by Large Volume Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis has been consistently observed with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in small case series. Its extent, time course, and relation to IVH volume a...
Complex multimorbidity and health outcomes in older adult cancer survivors

Objective To characterize complex multimorbidity among cancer survivors and evaluate the association between cancer survivorship, time since cancer diagnosis, and self-reported fair/poor health, self-rated worse health in 2 years, and 2-year mortality. Methods We used the 2010–2012 Health and Retirement Study. Cancer survivors were individuals who reported a (nonskin) cancer diagnosis 2 years or more before the interview. We defined complex multimorbidity as the co-occurrence of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and/or geriatric syndromes. In addition to descriptive analyses, we used logistic regression to evaluate the independent association between cancer survivor status and health outcomes. We also examined whether cancer survivorship differed by the number of years since diagnosis. Results Among 15,808 older adults (age ≥50 years), 11.8% were cancer survivors. Compared with cancer-free individuals, a greater percentage of cancer survivors had complex multimorbidity: co-occurring chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes. Cancer survivorship was significantly associated with self-reported fair/poor health, self-rated worse health in 2 years, and 2-year mortality. These effects declined with the number of years since diagnosis for fair/poor health and mortality but not for self-rated worse health. Conclusion Cancer survivor status is independently associated with more complex multimorbidity, and with worse health outcomes. These effects attenuate with time, except for patient perception of being in worse health.
Managing vulnerabilities in a cloud native world with bluefix

Bluefix is a solution we created for managing the vulnerabilities in a cloud native world where clients operate their own DevOp pipelines and design the same management function and assurance of that of traditional managed services. We show that the challenges imposed by container cloud and DevOp culture requires significant departure of service management design. As a case study, we examined how vulnerabilities are managed in the pre-cloud native vs. post-cloud native world, identified control points in both DevOp pipeline as well as cloud service fabric as to enable a scalable and automated vulnerability management solution for IBM container cloud. Our journey and exploration in this area has only just begun, as the lessons learned and many remaining challenges hold much promise and opportunities.
Estimation-Equivalent and Dispersion-Equivalent Error Covariance Matrices for the General Linear Model

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTWe give a new, very concise derivation of an explicit characterization representation of the general nonnegative-definite error covariance matrix for a Gauss-Markov model, such tha...
Exercise Intolerance in Endurance Horses

Endurance competition requires synchronism and development of metabolic and musculoskeletal systems. An understanding of the existence of performance-limiting factors may permit the detection of exercise intolerance that could lead to performance failure, fatigue, and exhaustion. New concepts for assessment of fitness have increased the understanding of individual capacities and deficiencies and the interaction of the different systems involved in exercise.
Prevalence and location of bone spurs in anterior ankle impingement: A cadaveric investigation

Anterior ankle impingement (AAI) results from repetitive microtrauma leading to pain and decreased dorsiflexion due to spur formation and synovial hypertrophy. Information about the prevalence of anterior spur formation in a large population, and the individual contributions of the talus and tibia to osseous impingement, is limited. A total of 670 ankle specimens from 344 individuals (n = 111 females, n = 233 males) aged 20 to 40 years at the time of death were examined. Matching tibia and talus were opposed and any spurring causing impingement was recorded. Spur locations were measured and ratios calculated to allow for inter-specimen comparison between: (1) medial-to-lateral and anterior-to-posterior spur location versus dimensions of talar neck width, and (2) medial-to-lateral spur location to dimensions of distal anterior tibial width. Differences in spur prevalence in relation to sex, race, height and age were identified by univariant and multivariable statistical analyses. Bony impingement was observed in 21% (n = 72) of specimens, with bilateral involvement in 8% (n = 27). For ankles with AAI, spurs were seen on the talus only in 61%, on the tibia only in 14%, and on both the tibia and talus in 26%. Spurs were significantly more prevalent in males (P = 0.001) and with increasing specimen age (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences related to specimen height or race. Spurs were predominately located on the anterolateral talus (78%) and the anterolateral portion of the distal tibial margin (80%). AAI was present in 21% of young osseous specimens and was significantly more prevalent in males and with increasing specimen age. Clin. Anat. 31:1144-1150, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finding partners to form information sharing networks in open multi-agent systems

Information quality assurance despite the existence of uncertainty about sources can be investigated in the context of soft security where an agent maintains trustworthiness evaluations of its information sources to assist in the evaluation of incoming information quality. Dependency inherently exists in a system where agents do not have selfsufficient sensing or data collection capabilities. In other words, an agent requires information from others to achieve its goals. Finding the best partners to form an information sharing network using the notion of trustworthiness can be triggered by dependency adaptation. The research experimentally demonstrates that dependency adaptation can lead a system to form an information sharing network which results in high efficiency and information quality.
Organization of the Hippocampal-Septal Axis

The series of studies described below and in the following chapter (8) represent an attempt to determine the nature of the neural relationships that exist between the hippocampus and septum of the mammal. It represents a multidisciplinary approach of brain stimulation, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology.
Strategies for Human Germ Line Gene Therapy

Human germ line gene therapy, described in general terms as the heritable genetic modification of the human organism, is already technically feasible. However, such intervention, which presumably would be undertaken for medical therapeutic purposes, cannot be responsibly implemented until a variety of technical and ethical problems are properly addressed. From a technical standpoint, while it is feasible with current technology to insert a new genetic material into the human germ line, it is not possible to perform such manipulations without incurring significant risk of adverse health effects relating to the gene transfer event. Moreover, the predicted efficiency of gene transfer, extrapolated from the results of animal experiments, is not high enough to be acceptable as a form of medical therapy.
Ciprofloxacin versus tobramycin for the treatment of staphylococcal keratitis.

Purpose To compare the chemotherapeutic efficacies of ciprofloxacin (0.3%) and fortified (1.36%) tobramycin for the treatment of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis during early and late stages of infection. Methods Rabbit corneas were intrastromally injected with 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU) of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Topical therapy was initiated at either 4 hours postinfection (early stage) or at 10 hours postinfection (late stage). Drops were administered every 15 minutes for 5 hours. Corneal bacterial counts and aqueous humor antibiotic concentrations were determined. Results Early administration of ciprofloxacin sterilized all MSSA-infected corneas and 83% of MRSA-infected corneas. Late administration of ciprofloxacin reduced the numbers of viable MSSA and MRSA to 3.6 and 3.7 log10 CFU per cornea, respectively, but did not sterilize any corneas. Early administration of fortified (1.36%) tobramycin sterilized all MSSA-infected corneas but none of the MRSA-infected corneas. Late administration of tobramycin reduced the viable MSSA to very low numbers (0.5 and 0.0 log10, respectively) and sterilized 33% of MSSA-infected corneas, but had little effect on MRSA-infected corneas. Conclusions Early in infection, ciprofloxacin was highly effective against MSSA and MRSA, whereas tobramycin was effective only against MSSA. During later stages of infection, tobramycin was more effective than ciprofloxacin against MSSA, and neither antibiotic was effective against MRSA. Thus, ciprofloxacin is limited by the time of application and tobramycin is limited by the resistance of the MRSA strain.
Innovations by the Frail Elderly

Abstract: Discovering the principles that underlie innovation requires a variety of research strategies. One counter-intuitive strategy is to study populations whose extreme circumstances make innovation unlikely. The principles abstracted here are derived from case studies of frail elderly people living in nursing homes. Varied innovations are described and interpreted as a consequence of the interaction between external stressors and internal characteristics, despite significant environmental and personal limitations. The article examines the validity of the fit between these observations and Amabile's description of necessary and sufficient components for innovative behavior.
accuracy of wind measurements on towers or stacks

Wind sensors mounted on towers and smokestacks do not always indicate the true free-air flow. To determine the probable errors in measurements of wind speed and direction around such structures, quarter-scale models have been tested in a large wind tunnel. Data on changes in wind speed and direction were obtained by using smoke, very small wind vanes, and a scale model propeller anemometer. Most emphasis has been placed on a relatively open lattice-type tower, but a solid tower and a stack were also studied. The analysis shows that in the wake of lattice-type towers disturbance is moderate to severe, and that in the wake of solid towers and stacks there is extreme turbulence, with reversal of flow. Recommendations for locating wind sensors in the wind field relative to the supporting structure are given for each of the three structures studied. Guidelines are suggested regarding probable errors in measurements of wind speed and direction around different supporting structures, as outlined below. For an op...
2011 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries

This year's participants in the Civic Engagement II track agreed with last year's participants that civic engagement is both a means and an end. Active learning through community or political engagement can provide students with a deeper understanding of political science concepts while also helping them develop the skills they need to become engaged citizens. Participants in this year's track focused on how to assess the knowledge, skills, and dispositions that students develop through coursework, internships, and extracurricular programs.
A procedure to convert field sensor data for finite element model inputs and its validation

Abstract This study demonstrates a methodology to determine the viscoelastic properties of Asphalt Concrete (AC) through embedded sensors such as strain gages. Determination of AC viscoelastic parameters are very quick, easy and efficient if the pavement is instrumented. Numerical interconversion method is applied to convert sensor data to relaxation modulus and dynamic modulus. Field obtained relaxation modulus are used in a finite element model to study whether the field instrumentation sensor obtained material properties can accurately represent the pavement response or not. The actual response of the pavement at different layers under 9-kip FWD load is compared with the developed FE model responses. From the results, it is observed that the developed numerical model can accurately predict the AC, base, subbase and subgrade layer responses. The validated model can be used for studying pavement performances, which can be done in a future study.
Being More Than Tolerant

Tolerance is an essential quality for a successful teacher. There are four particular areas in which a good teacher must demonstrate tolerance: tolerance of cultural differences; tolerance of divergent thinking and opinion; tolerance of learning styles; and tolerance of individual differences.
Short-term results of long biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-is it superior?

Abstract Objectives To compare the short-term safety and effectiveness of long biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to that of regular RYGB. Setting Academic hospital, United States. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 89 consecutive patients who underwent RYGB between February 4, 2014 and March 12, 2015. Of these, 43 underwent long biliopancreatic limb RYGB (150 versus 60 cm, with 100-cm Roux limb). Results Baseline characteristics including sex, preoperative body mass index, and co-morbidities were similar between the long- and regular-limb RYGB patients. Long-limb patients were older than regular-limb patients. The median length of hospital stay was similar (2 d for both groups). In the long-limb RYGB group, the mean percentage of excess body mass index loss was 50.3%, 71.4%, 75.8%, and 80.5% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the procedure, respectively. In the regular-limb RYGB group, the mean excess body mass index loss was 51.8%, 71.7%, 69.3%, and 68.5% during the same follow-up period. No significant difference in weight loss was observed between the 2 groups at any time point. Two patients in each group required 30-day readmission (4.7% and 4.3%). Two patients in each group required 30-day reoperation. One death occurred in the regular limb group due to a cerebrovascular accident after discharge. Conclusions Short-term results show that long biliopancreatic limb RYGB was not associated with a more significant weight loss after RYGB. The 2 procedures were similar in 30-day complications.
4-Point-Bending Characterization of Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Co-Zr-Ta and Co-Zr-Ta Variant Thin-Film Stacks

In this study, soft magnetic thin films including Co-Zr-Ta (CZT) and its variant are deposited on TEOS SiO2 and polyimide to characterize the interfacial adhesion strength of the full magnetic stack using the 4-Point-Bending (4PB) technique. Variation in critical load value Gc, an indicator of the interfacial adhesion strength, is observed. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is performed for elemental analysis to confirm the interface of de-lamination.
40 Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of latent tuberculosis in low risk north american health care workers: stop this unproven, expensive, and potentially dangerous testing mandate

Background The largest health employer in XXXXXX requires the majority of its over 20,000 workers to submit to a interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test yearly as a condition of employment.1 2 Testing For this predominately low risk population annual screening with the IGRA over time can be expected to produce an initial false positive rate of approximately 15% and subsequent cumulative rate of a positive result of 27% over 7 years of screening.3 After testing positive an employee is assumed to have Latent Tuberculosis (LTB) per CDC guidelines and must submit to antimicrobial therapy or more invasive radiologic testing as a condition of continued employment. In 2011 the employer ceases to permit new employees or those who have ever had an IGRA test to use tuberculin skin testing for annual screening, effectively phasing out this more convenient option which costs less than 1/3rd the price of the IGRA with fewer false positives in those not vaccinated with BCG. Treatment Treatment of presumed LTB based on serologic testing alone lacks prospective evidence of improved patient outcomes in absence of pulmonary findings.4 Yet for the majority of this system’s health care workers who test positive but do not actually have LTB (false positive tests) the CDC recommended pharmacotherapy confers risks without any potential benefit. Employee Estimates If a conservative estimate of 10,000 employees submit to annual blood testing as required, over 1,500 would test positive and per CDC definition have LTB. If all 1,500 accepted the recommended antimicrobial therapy they would be subjected to a 3 to 9 month course of isoniazid and repeated blood testing for hepatic function monitoring, yet 98% the employees would not truly have LTB (false positive test). Harms The recommended CDC guidelines for treatment of LTB involves 3 or 9 months of isoniazid (INH) therapy +/- other medications. Though small INH carries the potential for fatal immune mediated hepatic toxicity in addition to the well know direct dose dependent toxicity. Over a recent nine year period the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network reported 69 cases of severe hepatic toxicity due to INH with 97% of those affected taking INH for presumed LTB. (5) 20% of the affected patients either died or required liver transplantation. INH carries a reported rate of 1% for acute hepatitis and 0.01% for acute hepatic failure.(6) For the medical center’s 1500 positive testing employees a course of treatment could be expected to lead to 15 cases of acute hepatitis yearly. Yearly treatment in this pattern would lead to 1 case of acute hepatic failure over 7 years with a 20% mortality or need for liver transplant. Conclusion One large North American Health Employer’s mandatory TB testing strategy leads to significant overdiagnosis of LTB with subsequent mandated employee overtesting and potent overtreatment that carries risk without a proven benefit for the employees or increased protection for their patients.
Establishment of a one tube touchdown nested three-monoplex PCR assay for HIV-1 early diagnosis in newborns in China

Objective HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission remains a challenge in China.The development of an efficient and affordable assay for early infant HIV-1 diagnosis is crucial.In this study,an in-house one-tube PCR assay combining touchdown PCR,nested PCR and triplex PCR techniques for Chinese infant HIV-I proviral DNA detection in dried blood spot(DBS) samples was developed and optimized to amplify Env,Gag,and Pol gene fragments in one PCR tube.Primary evaluation of the assay was made.Methods DBS from infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers in Guangxi,Henan,Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces were sampled for study.9 infected samples and 9 uninfected samples were used for optimization of the assay.An HIV-1 genome dilution panel derived from recombinant plasmids and 8E5 cells was prepared for determining subtype applicability of the assay and low limit of detection.64 samples from 25 infected infants and 70 samples from 30 uninfected babies were used for clinical evaluation.Results The established assay is applicable to HIV-1 subtypes A、AE、AG、B、BC、C、D、F and H.Low limit of the detection is3copies/PCR reaction.Clinical specificity was 100％.Positive detection rate achieved nearly 95％ at 3-month age and 100％ at 6-month age.Conclusions The assay can detect HIV-1 proviral DNA of multiple subtypes in Chinese infants' DBS samples.It is time-saving,labor saving and economic,showing good potential for early infant HIV-l diagnosis in China. Key words: infants; HIV-1; diagnosis; one tube; triplex PCR; dried blood spots
Promoting Civic Engagement through Cultivating Culturally Competent Self-Reflexive Information Professionals

Although cultural diversity has been a growing discussion topic at conferences in recent years, the library and information science (LIS) profession remains in the gatekeepers of predominately whit...
Gay Men's Emancipation Movement in Germany: 1897–1933

As has been true in contemporary actions for gay rights, tensions over gender identity in the early German homosexual rights movement presented a difficult challenge. This article provides an overview of the diverse scientific, ideological, and cultural perspectives on homosexuality within the male homosexual community in imperial and Weimar Germany. It also examines the effects of the World War I on how homosexual men conceptualized masculinity and the nature of homosexuality, and the struggle for civil rights in the Weimar years before the catastrophic Nazi seizure of power. Implications of German history for contemporary gay rights are noted.