cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is there a benefit of performing an omentectomy for clinical stage I high-grade endometrial carcinoma?

Abstract Objectives Routine omentectomy is generally not performed in patients with endometrial cancer unless there is evidence of gross omental metastases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of omentectomy in the staging of clinical stage I high-grade endometrial carcinoma and its impact on overall survival. Methods Patients in the National Cancer Database who presented between 2010 and 2015 with clinical stage I serous, clear cell, carcinosarcoma, or grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma and underwent hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy were selected. Patients who did and did not receive an omentectomy were identified and clinico-pathological characteristics were compared. Overall survival was evaluated for patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 who had at least one month of follow-up following generation of Kaplan-Meier curves and comparison with the log-rank test. A Cox model was constructed to control for confounders. Results A total of 9097 patients were identified, and 36.3% underwent an omentectomy. Patients who underwent omentectomy were more likely to be managed in academic institutions (50% vs. 44%, p Conclusions Routine omentectomy may not be associated with a survival benefit for patients with clinical stage I high-grade endometrial carcinoma.
Advancing translational research in environmental science: The role and impact of social sciences

Abstract Increasing recognition of the complexity of environmental problems, and the need to understand social processes and human values, is leading environmental management agencies in many nations, including the USA, to integrate more research from the social sciences through the inclusion of social scientists on interdisciplinary teams. For this study we conducted focus groups at three research laboratories within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development to better understand how inclusion of social sciences influenced the research process and outcomes, and the barriers to and facilitators of integration. The focus groups identified effects on the research process including improved problem framing, the introduction of new methodologies, and greater stakeholder and public inclusion, while research outcomes included the inclusion or refinement of social and environmental perspectives and systems thinking, increased translatability of research, and new partnerships. Barriers identified included lack of familiarity with social sciences which affected perceptions of social sciences and organizational capacity to absorb and apply social science expertise. Facilitators included receptivity of team members, intentional communication strategies, and project structures and organizational commitment that support interdisciplinary work. Finding a key barrier to be lack of clarity about the different roles social sciences play in translational research, we present a conceptual model defining the roles and contributions of social scientists that clarifies the distinction between “integration” of social sciences in research and “application” of skills and knowledge from the social sciences which play distinct but equally important roles in translational research approaches and solutions-driven research. These insights on the ways social sciences contribute to translational research efforts advance integration of social and natural sciences in environmental science research, particularly in applied contexts.
The Human Genome Project

The final chapter in this book describes the stunning advance in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology that has led to the study of the human genome. The human genome is a repertoire of approximately 100,000 genes of a human cell. Passed on to each new generation during reproductive processes, the human genome encompasses both our past and future. It is a massive endeavor to map the human genome. Knowing the nature of the human genome applies to various branches of biology and which other genomes are to be deciphered. The administrative and financial underpinnings of the project are discussed. The chapter reveals the way DNA technologists go about developing gene linkage maps and physical maps of the human genome and also describes the processes by which the sequence of bases is determined in a particular gene. The chapter details the organisms whose genomes have been sequenced and stresses the importance of successful sequencing. The chapter outlines many of the issues attending the Human Genome Project and the way by which those issues may be resolved.
Reciprocal Multi-Robot Collision Avoidance with Asymmetric State Uncertainty.

We present a general decentralized formulation for a large class of collision avoidance methods and show that all collision avoidance methods of this form are guaranteed to be collision free. This class includes several existing algorithms in the literature as special cases. We then present a particular instance of this collision avoidance method, CARP (Collision Avoidance by Reciprocal Projections), that is effective even when the estimates of other agents' positions and velocities are noisy. The method's main computational step involves the solution of a small convex optimization problem, which can be quickly solved in practice, even on embedded platforms, making it practical to use on computationally-constrained robots such as quadrotors. This method can be extended to find smooth polynomial trajectories for higher dynamic systems such at quadrotors. We demonstrate this algorithm's performance in simulations and on a team of physical quadrotors. Our method finds optimal projections in a median time of 17.12ms for 285 instances of 100 randomly generated obstacles, and produces safe polynomial trajectories at over 60hz on-board quadrotors. Our paper is accompanied by an open source Julia implementation and ROS package.
Epoxidation and late-stage C-H functionalization by P450 TamI is mediated by variant heme-iron oxidizing species

P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions are well understood mechanistically including the identity of the active oxidizing species. However, the catalytically active heme-iron species in P450 iterative oxidation cascades that involve mechanistically divergent pathways and distinct carbon atoms within a common substrate remains unexplored. Recently, we reported the enzymatic synthesis of tri-functionalized tirandamycin O (9) and O’ (10) using a bacterial P450 TamI variant and developed mechanistic hypotheses to explore their formation. Here, we report the ability of bacterial P450 TamI L295A to shift between different oxidizing species as it catalyzes the sequential epoxidation, hydroxylation and radical-catalyzed epoxide-opening cascade to create new tirandamycin antibiotics. We also provide evidence that the TamI peroxo-iron species could be a viable catalyst to enable nucleophilic epoxide opening in the absence of iron-oxo Compound I. Using site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic solvent isotope effects, artificial oxygen surrogates, end-point assays, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we provide new insights into the active oxidant species that P450 TamI employs to introduce its unique pattern of oxidative decorations.
Correction: Polymers with advanced architectures as emulsifiers for multi-functional emulsions

Correction for ‘Polymers with advanced architectures as emulsifiers for multi-functional emulsions’ by Mingqiu Hu et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2021, 5, 1205–1220, DOI: 10.1039/D0QM00730G.
New Year's Resolution--Resolving Resolvases

During genetic recombination in meiosis and the repair of DNA strand breaks, DNA molecules become linked at crossover points known as Holliday junctions. A key step in recombination is the resolution of these structures, which requires a specific DNA endonuclease called a resolvase. The Holliday junction resolvase has been identified in bacteria but not in eukaryotic cells. In their Perspective, [Symington and Holloman][1] discuss exciting new work that identifies a component of the resolvase in mammalian cells, which turns out to be a well-known DNA repair protein called RAD51C. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5655/184
Blood pressure increases, birth weight-dependent stability boundary, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

The blood pressure (BP) and transcutaneous Po2, (TcPo2) changes associated with intensive care procedures were evaluated to determine whether responses differ between babies with and without periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH). Fifty-three inborn babies ≤1500 g were studied using a microcomputer-based monitoring system. With almost any procedure including a seemingly benign one such as a diaper change, peak systolic BP increased and TcPo2 decreased. However, responses to interventions did not differ between babies with PV-IVH and those without PV-IVH. Neither did these responses differ between those with birth weight ≤1000 g and >1000 g. When each baby9s record was scanned for the highest peak systolic BP before diagnosis of PV-IVH or within 48 hours in those with no PV-IVH and their BP points plotted against birth weight, a stable region was evident wherein PV-IVH occurred at a lower incidence (13%). When peak systolic BP was beyond this stable region, the incidence of PV-IVH was significantly higher, 70% (P
Truth In Fiction: Uwe Johnson's The Third Book About Achim

In stating his objectives as a writer, Uwe Johnson combines telling a story with searching for the truth. Contending, basically, that he intends to narrate something new and interesting (cf. "novel") which will thereby prove to be "entertaining enough," he also proposes that this exercise in inventiveness simultaneously involves the pursuit of the truth. "With my writing I should like to discover the truth," he avows and, by way of defining the term, adds: "life itself." This terse yet inexact explication of the concept of truth in fiction is by no means clarified when, on another occasion, specifically in reference to The Third book about Achim, Johnson divides truth into three categories: The subjective, the objective, and the political ("das Parteiische"). The first constitutes the totality of an individual's perceptions and emotions; the second is limited to observation of those aspects of reality which can be scientifically proven, and the third to those which seem to be manifestations of sociopolitical theories. An analysis of the structure of Johnson's story about the attempt to write Achim's biography should net the requisite insight into his theory of the kinds of truth and also into the novel's many complexities.
Psychological Needs, Engagement, and Work Intentions: A Bayesian Multi-Measurement Mediation Approach and Implications for HRD.

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the utility of self-determination theory (SDT) within the engagement–performance linkage. Design/methodology/approach – Bayesian multi-measurement mediation modeling was used to estimate the relation between SDT, engagement and a proxy measure of performance (e.g. work intentions) (N = 1,586). To best capture the phenomenon of engagement, two measures of engagement (i.e. the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 [UWES-9] and the Job Engagement Scale [JES]) and one measure of harmonious and obsessive passion (HOPS) were utilized. The HOPS was split into separate scales (harmonious and obsessive passion). SDT was operationalized through the Basic Psychological Needs at Work Scale (BPNS). Performance was operationalized through a latent proxy of work intentions. Findings – Results demonstrated that the association between SDT and engagement were positive. Indirect effects between SDT and work intentions were significant for only two of the four measure...
Requirements for a hypertext software maintenance system

Hypertext is an appealing technology for automating the software maintenance process. Maintenance tasks such as locating an error or confirming that a modification does not break existing code can be naturally implemented as link-following exploration activities in a hypertext system. A description is given of the requirements process for a hypertext software-maintenance system called Hypermaint. The author also discusses how the requirements affect the overall architecture of the hypertext system. >
Acute versus chronic salicylate poisoning.

To the Editor.— The paper by Gaudreault et al1 comparing acute versus chronic salicylate poisoning is misleading in that the two groups are in many ways dissimilar and therefore really cannot be compared. The acute group was comprised of healthy children whereas the chronic group was comprised of ill children who probably had one or more of the signs and symptoms upon which severity was based (nausea, vomiting, dehydration, etc) prior to ingesting salicylate. This may have played a part in their disease in spite of the comments to the contrary.1
Stress, Bacterial: General and Specific

Bacterial existence is fraught with stresses, which they counter at two levels, the specific and general stress responses (GSRs). The former is aimed at escaping the specific stress being experienced by the synthesis, for example under starvation, of enzymes to better capture a scarce nutrient, and tends to be specific to a given stress. But in GSR, a common set of proteins is induced in order to circumvent damage to cell constituents. These are concerned with repairing, for example, cell proteins, nucleic acids, and the envelope. GSR thus makes bacteria more robust in meeting stresses in general. Stresses are sensed by many mechanisms, such as phosphorylation or oxidation of sensor proteins. The transcription of GSR genes involves mainly the σ s (product of the rpoS gene) species of RNA polymerase. σ s levels increase under carbon as well as phosphorus starvation, by increased protein stability, and in the latter case also by increased translation of the rpoS mRNA. The ClpXP protease and the protein RssB (SprE) modulate σ s stability, and the protein Hfq and small noncoding RNAs the translation of its mRNA. Under other stresses, σ s activity is enhanced through the activity of ppGpp and proteins Crl and Rsd.
Retirement and Mental Health

Objectives: This research examines whether retirement is associated with mental health and how one’s daily pursuits mediate this association. It tests two perspectives from the sociology of work an...
Dielectric Analysis for Torque of a Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor

Abstract ASME Technical Paper ES2010-90396 “Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor and Solute Ion Linear Alignment Propulsion” by the author describes a motor that is based on an arrangement of solute ion electric field monopoles.[1] That is, through a process called capacitive deionization, sodium and chlorine ions in salt water are captured and confined by an electrically conductive material to form electric field monopoles. At least four of the like charged monopoles (all negative or all positive) can be arranged on a disc. At least one stationary monopole of the same charge is placed adjacent to the disc and positioned so that a repulsive electric field is formed between the stationary monopole and at least one of the monopoles positioned on the disc so that the disc is then forced to rotate a shaft at the center of the disc. This paper analyzes the behavior of the dielectric materials forming part of the monopoles to show that the net torque on the motor is greater than zero and also illustrates a novel effect of polarization of a dielectric material positioned between two like-charged monopoles as occurs in the configuration of the monopole motor and a deficiency in the conventional closed path analysis for work performed during movement of electric charges that emit electrostatic fields by failing to consider the effects of dielectric materials in shielding the electrostatic fields. The monopole motor connected to an to electrical generator can provide continuous on-board electrical power to electrical loads for local and deep space applications including power to electrode assemblies designed for linear alignment of like-charged solute ions as a means of propulsion and particle acceleration as described in the ES2010-90396 paper. Details of the monopole motor and the propulsion are available in WO 2008/024927 A2 (and US2010/0199632 A1) “Solute Ion Coulomb Force Acceleration and Electric Field Monopole Passive Voltage Source” by the author Ref.[2].
Thermoelectric power, electrical and thermal resistance, and magnetoresistance of nanowire composites.

The thermoelectric power of bismuth nanowires is theoretically calculated to be greatly enhanced over that of bulk Bi. This is a result of the size-quantization of the electron wavefunction in nanowires with diameters below 50 nm. The effect is expected to lead to the development of high figure of merit thermoelectric materials. We review here the experimental observation of such enhancement in composites containing nanowires with diameters down to 9 nm. When the wire diameter is further decreased, localization effects take over and limit the thermopower. The theory further predicts the appearance of an energy gap in bismuth nanowires with diameters below 50 nm. We observe such a gap in the temperature dependence of the resistivity. The dependence of the gap on nanowire diameter is consistent with theory. Comparisons of the transport properties of Bi nanowires with those in other nanowire systems show the influence of localization effects.
Pais-Piccioni Experiment

Two experiments to check the Gellmann-Pais "particle mixture" suggestion are analyzed, by using a detailed, if crude, phenomenological description. A cloud-chamber experiment of the type proposed by Pais and Piccioni is compared to an experiment using a liquid-xenon bubble chamber. It is found that for likely values of the parameters involved, both experiments are considerably more difficult than envisaged by Pais and Piccioni. For intensity reasons, the bubble-chamber experiment seems preferable. However, if accidentally the relevant cross sections have rather special values, experiments of this type would be particularly easy.
Experiences with CLARE

Current collaborative learning systems focus on maximizing shared information. However, "meaningful learning" is not simply information sharing but also knowledge construction. CLARE is a computer-supported learning environment that facilitates meaningful learning through collaborative knowledge construction. It provides a semi-formal representation language called RESRA and an explicit process model called SECAI. Experimental evaluation through 300 hours of classroom usage indicates that CLARE does support meaningful learning. It also shows that a major bottleneck to computer-mediated knowledge construction is summarization. Lessons learned through the design and evaluation of CLARE provide new insights into both collaborative learning systems and collaborative learning theories.
Development of an automated approach for identifying convective storm type using reflectivity-derived and near-storm environment data

Abstract Extending storm classification into a separation of convective storm types has applications to nowcasting, severe weather warning and quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting. This work presents an exploration of an automated classification scheme that uses a combination of radar reflectivity products and near-storm environmental parameters derived from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model analyses to assign one of eight classes to each storm observed. An assessment is made of the classification accuracy, and it is found that the scheme that uses the combination of radar and model data outperforms the scheme that uses only radar products. This is particularly notable in the identification of storms that have rotation, and therefore improves the assessment of those storms' potential longevity and severe weather threat.
Counter-Terror Culture: Ambiguity, Subversion, or Legitimization?

This article examines themes of terrorism and counter-terrorism in US popular culture, focusing on eight cinematic or televisual works from the pre- and post-9/11 environment. Each of these works explores the dilemmas posed by terrorism, counter-terrorist mobilization, and occupation and resistance in fictional spaces. Three of the works — 24, The Agency, and The Grid — are narratives that attempt to simulate the activities of counter-terrorist operations in, respectively, a wholly fictional Counter Terrorist Unit; the Central Intelligence Agency; and ad hoc intelligence and tactical groups combing CIA, FBI, NSC, and MI5 agents. The other five works are more removed from an explicit attempt to mimic `reality': The X-Files, The Matrix Trilogy, Alias, The 4400, and Battlestar Galactica. In all of these works, the dangers to human rights posed by both overt and covert security operations lie at the core of their narrative structures.
Opportunistic exploitation of knowledge to increase predictability of agent interactions in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic environments where frequent changes in the network topology due to physical mobility of hosts result in unpredictable, sporadic and transient connectivity. Due to this high level of uncertainty, only limited guarantees can be given for interactions among agents that run on the mobile hosts. This is not desirable as any interaction among agents on different hosts is susceptible to interruption. In this paper, we explore means to alleviate the level of uncertainty in a MANET by having hosts and agents share knowledge of their non-functional attributes such as location, velocity, etc. with each other. This shared knowledge can be used to compute, for example, the points in space and time when two hosts are likely to be within communication range. This information can then be provided to individual agents, making them more aware of the constraints within which they operate and thereby giving them a chance to tailor their behavior so that they are less affected by unpredictable disconnections. The contributions of this paper are a minimalist formalism for knowledge exchange, a software architecture supporting knowledge exchange, and an empirical evaluation of the benefits of exploiting knowledge to increase the predictability of interactions.
Inverse piezoelectric effect in polymers

The condition for the inverse piezoelectric effect in polymers is discussed and a thermodynamic criteria is derived. The resulting expression is related to the electrical configuration of the polymer and several promising structures are proposed. A dynamical model of the piezoelectric effect is given, and expressions are derived for the compliance and electromechanical losses.
An Active Matrix Flat Panel Dosimeter (AMFPD) for in-phantom dosimetric measurements.

I. INTRODUCTION The quality assurance of linear accelerators and treatment planning systems requires the acquisition of data in three dimensions. The development of electronic portal imaging systems has resulted in an increased interest in using such systems for dosimetric applications to replace 2-D film measurements. CCD cameras with fluorescent screens, 1‐3 liquidfilled ion chamber arrays, 4 and amorphous silicon flat panel imagers have been investigated. 5‐7 These systems have been applied to transit dosimetry 8‐11 and pre-treatment field verification. 7,12,13 Previous work by El-Mohri 14 involved an examination of in-phantom dosimetric properties of a prototype active matrix flat panel imager sAMFPId operated in an indirect mode swith a fluorescent screen d and in a direct mode swith no screen presentd. The detector response was evaluated as a function of dose, dose rate, and stability of the pixel response for doses up to approximately 25 cGy. Comparisons were made to ion chamber measurements in water. The study demonstrated that the AMFPI, when operated in the direct detection mode, had a response much more similar to the measured ion chamber data than when operated in an indirect detection mode. This result suggested that it would be possible to obtain dose distribution information from an active matrix flat panel detector sAMFPDd operated in a direct de
Sex differences in attributions and learned helplessness

This investigation assessed the hypothesis that girls are more likely to be learned helpless in math than boys. Students in grades 5 through 11 completed questionnaires assessing their causal attributions for success and failure in mathematics, their self-concepts of math ability, and their expectations for both current and future success in math. Results indicated that sex differences in attributions depended on the type of methodology used (open-ended or rank-ordered questions). The most consistent difference involved the differential use and ranking of ability, skills, and consistent effort. No sex differences were found in either students' perceptions of their own math ability or in their current achievement expectations. Girls, however, rated their future expectations slightly lower than did boys. Taken together, these results provide little support for the hypothesis that girls are generally more learned helpless in mathematics than are boys.
TAKING THE RED-EYE FLIGHT

![Figure][1] When the time comes for songbirds to migrate to their breeding or wintering grounds, extraordinary changes happen: normally active during the day, migrating birds journey at night, often in long stretches of non-stop flight. Plumped up through pre-migratory binges, these birds
Electron microscopic observations of neocarzinostatin treated Burkitt lymphoma cells.

Les cellules de Burkitt lymphoma grandissent dans la culture contenant de la neocarcinostatine, un antibiotique, nouveau, polypeptide et acide. La neocarcinostatine a provoque la formation, en 24 h de cellules tres grandes, dans une concentration de 0.1 μg/ml. Si la concentration est plus forte, les cellules degenerent.
No Light Perception Vision From Compressive Thyroid Orbitopathy

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that affects the extraocular soft tissues and causes eyelid retraction, proptosis and restrictive extraocular myopathy. Compressive optic neuropathy from extraocular muscle enlargement occurs in less than 5% of patients, in the majority of whom it develops within 18 months of the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Vision loss from compressive optic neuropathy in patients with thyroid eye disease is usually bilateral and insidious in onset and progression and is associated with diplopia and elevated intraocular pressure. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of acute vision loss to the level of no light perception secondary to thyroid orbitopathy. The authors report a 66-year-old Caucasian male with history of long-standing thyroid eye disease and massive proptosis who progressed from mild compressive symptoms to no light perception within days, despite being clinically stable for over 10 years.
Reserve-constrained multiarea environmental/economic dispatch based on particle swarm optimization with local search

The objective of economic dispatch (ED) is to minimize the total operational cost while satisfying the operational constraints of power systems. Multiarea economic dispatch (MAED) deals with the optimal power dispatch of multiple areas. In this investigation, multiarea environmental/economic dispatch (MAEED) is proposed to address the environmental issue during the ED. Its target is to dispatch the power among different areas by simultaneously minimizing the operational costs and pollutant emissions. In this paper, the MAEED problem is first formulated and then an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is developed to derive a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. In the proposed version of MOPSO, local search is used to increase its search efficiency. To ensure the system security, tie-line transfer limits between different areas are incorporated as a set of constraints in the optimization process. Moreover, the reserve-sharing scheme is applied to ensure that each area is able to fulfill its reserve requirement. Numerical studies based on a four-area test power generation system are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed optimization method as well as the results from different problem formulations. Comparative results with respect to other optimization methods are also presented.
Quantification of tissue plasma volume in the rat by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with a macromolecular contrast medium (MMCM), albumin-Gd-DTPA, was used to estimate the plasma volume in vivo in the myocardium, lung, liver, and skeletal muscle of 10 normal rats. The plasma volumes of the same tissues in a parallel group of six rats were estimated in vitro by a conventional radioisotopic technique (111In-transferrin). Plasma volumes of myocardium, lung, liver, and skeletal muscle estimated by the MR technique (microliter plasma cc-1 of tissue) were 101, 109, 163, and 11.0, respectively, while plasma volumes measured by the 111In-transferrin radioisotope technique (mg plasma g-1 of tissue) were 78.6, 215, 143, and 11.2, respectively. Assuming a ratio of densities of aerated lung to blood of 0.45 and of other tissues to blood of 1.0, correlation between the methods was excellent (R2 = 0.99) indicating that MR imaging enhanced with MMCM permits reliable in vivo estimation of tissue plasma volume in the rat.
Evaluating Effects of Two Alternative Filters for the Incremental Pruning Algorithm on Quality of Pomdp Exact Solutions

Decision making is one of the central problems in artificial intelligence and specifically in robotics. In most cases this problem comes with uncertainty both in data received by the decision maker/agent and in the actions performed in the environment. One effective method to solve this problem is to model the environment and the agent as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). A POMDP has a wide range of applications such as: Machine Vision, Marketing, Network troubleshooting, Medical diagnosis etc. In recent years, there has been a significant interest in developing techniques for finding policies for (POMDPs).We consider two new techniques, called Recursive Point Filter (RPF) and Scan Line Filter (SCF) based on Incremental Pruning (IP) POMDP solver to introduce an alternative method to Linear Programming (LP) filter for IP. Both, RPF and SCF have solutions for several POMDP problems that LP could not converge to in 24 hours. Experiments are run on problems from POMDP literature, and an Average Discounted Reward (ADR) is computed by testing the policy in a simulated environment.
Child abuse in a cerebral-palsied population.

SUMMARY Of 86 cerebral-palsied children seen in one care center over a 12-month period, 17 had been subject to child abuse. Eight of these Children's cerebral palsy was a result of abuse. The findings suggest that there is a high incidence of child abuse among children with cerebral palsy. There is a ‘double indication’ for abuse, both as a cause and a result of cerebral palsy. RESUME Mauvais traitements chez les jeunes IMC Dix-sept enfants (20 pour cent) sur 86 IMC ont subi des mauvais traitements familiaux: chez huit d'entre eux, l'IMC etait le resultat de ces mauvais traitements. Nos donnees suggerent qu'il y a une incidence elevee de mauvais traitements dans une population d'IMC. Il y a donc une double relation avec les mauvais traitements, au cours de l'IMC, comme cause et comme consequence. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Kindesmishandlung bei Patienten mit Cerebralparese Siebzehn (20 Prozent) aus unserer Gruppe von 86 Kindern mit Cerebralparese wurden mishandelt: acht dieser Kinder bekamen die Cerebralparese aufgrund der Mishandlung. Unsere Befunde weisen darauf hin, das Kinder mit einer Cerebralparese haufig mishandelt werden. Die Mishandlung kann Ursache und Wirkung der Cerebralparese sein.
Vaginal allodynia as the presentation of a thalamic tumor.

Central pain syndromes associated with damage to the thalamic sensory relay nuclei have been described predominantly in the stroke literature; however, pain syndromes associated with thalamic neoplasms are much less common. We describe a woman with dyspareunia secondary to vaginal allodynia as the presenting sign of a left thalamic juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. Subsequent to an uneventful stereotactic biopsy, her vaginal allodynia progressed to hemi-body allodynia. We believe that this is the first reported case of isolated vaginal allodynia associated with a thalamic neoplasm or any other structural pathology of the central nervous system.
Universal Keplerian state transition matrix

A completely general method for computing the Keplerian state transition matrix in terms of Goodyear's universal variables is presented. This includes a new scheme for solving Kepler's problem which is a necessary first step to computing the transition matrix. The Kepler problem is solved in terms of a new independent variable requiring the evaluation of only one transcendental function. Furthermore, this transcendental function may be conveniently evaluated by means of a Gaussian continued fraction.
Technical Characteristics of General Outcome Measures (GOMs) in Reading for Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities

This study examined the technical characteristics of newly created general outcome measures (GOMs) in reading for students with significant cognitive disabilities. The participants were 31 students with significant cognitive disabilities, and the GOMs used produced reliable data. Early results establishing the validity of the GOMs suggest that Rimes, K–4 Science Content Word Identification, Simple Sentence Maze, and Fry's Word Identification GOMs are the most promising for predicting student reading performance. Functional Pictures and Signs, Mixed Letter Identification, Fry's Word Identification, and K–4 Science Content Word Identification showed potential for measuring reading progress. These preliminary results suggest that GOMs can be a useful tool for teachers to use to predict and monitor the progress of students with significant cognitive disabilities in reading. More research is needed.
Protein Diffusion in Porous Chromatographic Media Studied by Proton and Fluorine PFG-NMR

Diffusivities of several proteins or protein variants in nonadsorbing rigid-polymer and bonded-phase-silica chromatographic media were determined using pulsed-field-gradient NMR of both proton and ...
Variable Contributions of Mercury from Groundwater to a First-Order Urban Coastal Plain Stream in New Jersey, USA

Filtered total mercury (FTHg) concentrations in a rapidly urbanizing area ranged from 50 to 250 ng/L in surface waters of the Squankum Branch, a tributary to a major river (Great Egg Harbor River (GEHR)) traversing both urban and forested/wetland areas in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. An unsewered residential area with Hg-contaminated well water (one of many in the region) is adjacent to the stream’s left bank. Although the region’s groundwater contains total Hg (THg) at background levels of 5,000 ng/L (left bank) and nearly 2,000 ng/L (right bank). The Hg content of bankside soils and sediments was high (up to 12 mg/kg) and mostly acid leachable where groundwater with high Hg concentrations discharged, indicating contributions of Hg by both runoff and shallow groundwater. Elevated concentrations of nutrients and chloride in some groundwater plumelets likely indicated inputs from septic-system effluent and (or) fertilizer applications. The Hg probably derives mainly from mercurial pesticide applications to the former agricultural land being urbanized. The study results show that soil disturbance and introduction of anthropogenic substances can mobilize Hg from soils to shallow groundwater and the Hg contamination travels in narrow plumelets to discharge points such as stream tributaries. In the entire GEHR watershed, THg concentrations in groundwater discharging to streams in urban areas tended to be higher than concentrations in water discharging to streams of forested areas, consistent with the results from this small watershed. Other areas with similar quartzose coastal aquifers, land-use history, and hydrogeology may be similarly vulnerable to Hg contamination of shallow groundwater and associated surface water.
Ridge Regression and James-Stein Estimation: Review and Comments

The literature of ridge regression and James-Stein estimation is broadly reviewed, and critical comments are interpolated on a number of papers. The authors also express their viewpoints on ridge regression and their antipathy to its mechanical use.
Multiscale Model of Collagen Fibril in Bone: Elastic Response

AbstractIn this paper, the development of a multiscale model of collagen fibril is described using a hierarchical approach by combining molecular dynamics simulations and FEM. Steered molecular dynamics was used to investigate the mechanical response of collagen under various conditions that mimic the organization of collagen molecules and mineral inside the collagen fibril. The steered molecular dynamics simulations showed that the elastic properties of collagen molecules are significantly higher in the proximity of mineral. The properties of collagen and interfaces at the molecular scale were carried over to the continuum model of collagen fibril. The model of collagen fibril (measuring approximately 1 μm in length and 50 nm in diameter) was constructed using FEM. Results showed that the deformation properties of collagen fibril are significantly influenced by interactions between collagen and mineral at the molecular scale, significantly affecting the elastic properties of fibril. Here, a model of fibr...
Ex vivo renal perfusion and autotransplantation in treatment of calculous disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm

Two more indications are described for temporary ex vivo perfusion of kidneys with revascularization of these organs as autografts to orthotopic or heterotopic locations. One of the patients had staghorn calculi which were removed from a solitary kidney. The other patient had both kidneys autografted in the course of a surgical procedure on an extensive abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Integrated multilayer sputter‐induced 45° YBa2Cu3O7−x grain boundary junctions

A versatile multilayer technique has been developed to form 45° YBa2Cu3O7−x [001] tilt grain boundary junctions on LaAlO3 substrates. An epitaxial MgO layer is initially deposited on a (100) LaAlO3substrate using pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy (POMBE). After a pregrowth sputter treatment, an YBa2Cu3O7−x thin film is then grown using POMBE. The resultant film is c‐axis oriented with a cube‐on‐cube orientation over the unsputtered portion of the MgO, and rotated by 45° about the [001] axis on the sputtered region of the substrate. The resulting grain boundary junction shows weak‐link behavior. The advantage of this technique is the ability to place the grain boundary anywhere on the substrate in any configuration, and the potential to use any substrate upon which MgO can be epitaxially grown.
Towards Nanophotonics: Temporal Patterns of Photons Create Spatial Patterns of Excitons in Molecular Dots and Wires

Time sequencing of laser excitation can control the microscopic patterns of molecular excitations (excitons) in nanometer scale molecular ensembles. This is demonstrated for isolated guest chains in polymer blends (P1VN/PMMA) and for molecular clusters in molecularly doped polymers (naphthalene/PMMA). The subwavelength exciton patterns are monitored via time resolved luminescence and fusion kinetics. The interpretation is aided by computer simulations
The phosphorus status of northern hardwoods differs by species but is unaffected by nitrogen fertilization.

Northern hardwood forests in the eastern US exhibit species-specific influences on nitrogen (N) cycling, suggesting that their phosphorus (P) cycling characteristics may also vary by species. These characteristics are increasingly important to understand in light of evidence suggesting that atmospheric N deposition has increased N availability in the region, potentially leading to phosphorus limitation. We examined how P characteristics differ among tree species and whether these characteristics respond to simulated N deposition (fertilization). We added NH4NO3 fertilizer (50 kg ha−1 year−1) to single-species plots of red oak (Quercus rubra L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), in the Catskill Mountains, New York from 1997 to 2007. Species differences were observed in foliar, litter and root P concentrations, but all were unaffected by a cumulative N fertilization of 550 kg/ha. Similarly, measures of soil P availability and biotic P sufficiency differed by species but were unaffected by N fertilization. Results suggest species exhibit unique relationships to P as well as N cycles. We found little evidence that N fertilization leads to increased P limitation in these northern hardwood forests. However, species such as sugar maple and red oak may be sufficient in P, whereas beech and hemlock may be less sufficient and therefore potentially more sensitive to future N-stimulated P limitation.
Velocity accuracy enhancement and frame rate limitations in color Doppler optical coherence tomography

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is an innovative extension of optical coherence tomography. CDOCT permits spatially localized blood flow velocity mapping simultaneous with microstructural imaging of living tissue. In CDOCT, longitudinal velocity profiles are estimated by measuring Doppler shifts in localized backscattered light spectra. Velocity images are built up from adjacent axial velocity profiles, which are color coded for velocity magnitude and direction as performed in color Doppler ultrasound. CDOCT could potentially be used for retinal perfusion analysis for diagnosing macular diseases and optimizing treatments of vascular disorders. CDOCT uses an optical heterodyne detection technique based on scanning white light interferometry. Therefore the detector current carrier frequency is the same as the resultant Doppler shift in the received light given by the difference of the Doppler shifts due to the reference mirror velocity and moving scatterers in the sample. The width of the detector current power spectrum is proportional to the product of the net Doppler shift and the light source spectrum width. Light backscattered from a turbid specimen generates a speckle pattern consisting of the sum of partial reflections from many randomly distributed scatterers. As a result, the detector current spectrum measured in CDOCT maybe strongly frequency dependent and is modulated by a postulated transfer function, which encodes information regarding scattering sites.
Bispectral index to monitor propofol sedation in trauma patients.

BACKGROUND: This study tested the hypothesis that the bispectral index (BIS) is reliable relative to clinical judgment for estimating sedation level during daily propofol spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) in trauma patients. METHODS: This was a prospective observational trial with waiver of consent conducted in the intensive care unit of Level I trauma center in 94 mechanically ventilated trauma patients sedated with propofol alone or in combination with midazolam. BIS, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), electromyography, and heart rate variability, as a test of autonomic function, were measured for 45 minutes during daily SATs. Data were evaluated with analysis of variance, linear regression, and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: The BIS wave form coincided almost exactly with propofol on/off. Steady-state BIS correlated with RASS (p < 0.0001) and with propofol dose (p < 0.0001), but the strengths of association were relatively low (all r(2) < 0.5). BIS wave form was not altered by age, heart rate, or heart rate variability and was similar with propofol alone or propofol plus midazolam, but the presence of brain injury or the use of paralytics shifted the curve downward (both p < 0.001). The overall test characteristics for BIS versus RASS without neuromuscular blockade were sensitivity: 90% versus 77% (p = 0.034); specificity: 90% versus 75% (p = 0.021); positive predictive value: 90% versus 76% (p = 0.021), and negative predictive value: 90% versus 76% (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In the first trial in trauma patients and largest trial in any surgical population, the (1) BIS was reliable and has advantages over RASS of being continuous and objective, at least during a propofol SAT; (2) BIS interpretation remains somewhat subjective in patients receiving paralytic agents or with traumatic brain injury.
Microstructure and optical properties of random media

Abstract I review some of the recent results obtained on the effect of microstructure on the local field distribution and the dielectric constant of a random medium. By using a generalized Onsager approach for the calculation of the local fields, the standard deviation σ of their distribution is found to be directly related to the degree of anisotropy in the local environment of a polarizable particle, and the correction S to the Clausius-Mossotti relation is given by S = σ 2 . The incorporation of the microstructure in the effective medium and first-principle approaches to the calculation of random media properties is also discussed.
Microscopic and macroscopic material properties effects on ultraviolet-laser-induced flashover of angled insulators in vacuum

Flashover of electrically stressed polymeric insulators in vacuum has been induced by ultraviolet radiation from an excimer laser (KrF). The authors present the results of an experiment which (1) quantifies the effects of ultraviolet illumination on polymeric insulators; (2) characterizes ultraviolet-induced flashover over insulators at positive and negative angles, and (3) correlates microscopic and macroscopic material properties to flashover behavior. A theory of ultraviolet-induced insulator flashover is developed, which explains the unexpected variation of flashover strength with geometry in view of the current understanding of flashover in vacuum. >
Mechanisms of T cell recognition with application to vaccine design.

Abstract Both helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes generally recognize protein antigens not in their intact form, as antibodies do, but on the surface of another cell, after “processing” by that cell to unfold or cleave the protein into fragments and after association of the processed antigen with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on that cell. This complex process leads to immunodominance of certain segments from the protein, which depends not only on structural features intrinsic to the antigenic segment itself, but also on antigen processing and on the structure of the MHC molecules of the responding individual. We have explored all three of these factors, including the enzymes involved in processing, the way peptides bind to MHC molecules, and structural features such as helical amphipathicity that seem to favour T cell recognition. We have used this information to locate and characterize antigenic sites of proteins of interest for vaccine development, including proteins from the malaria parasite and the AIDS virus, HIV. For HIV, we have identified both helper and cytotoxic T cell sites, coupled a helper site to a B cell site to produce a synthetic immunogen that elicits neutralizing antibodies, and studied the effect of viral sequence variation on cytotoxic T cell recognition and binding of the immunodominant peptide to MHC molecules. This information suggests strategies for the rational design of synthetic or recombinant vaccines.