cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Television “Effects” on International Family Change

Television has been described by Conrad P. Kottak as one of the most powerful idea disseminators, socializing agents, and public opinion molders in the contemporary world, and its power to change attitudes and behavior has long been assumed. However, as Denis McQuail has said, despite a large research literature on media effects and strong assertions about television’s impacts , “there is little agreement on the nature and extent of those assumed effects.” Concern has been raised about the theory, quality, and rigor of methodologies used in media impacts research. This chapter assesses research on television’s effects on family behavior and attitudes and reviews the research designs leading to these findings. Emphasis is placed on assessing the direction of causation, the impacts of third variables on the observed associations, and identifying the possible mechanisms through which television may influence family attitudes and behaviors. Finally, qualitative data (collected by ethnography, intensive interviews, and focus groups) from a unique study in Vietnam specifically designed to assess television’s impacts is used to illustrate and highlight some of the mechanisms and pathways discussed.
Pengaruh GCG, CAR, LDR Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Serta Harga Saham Perbankan

Perbankan yang kokoh dengan permodalan yang kuat dan kelembagaan yang sesuai berdasarkan Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Penerapan prinsip dan praktek GCG akan meningkatkan keyakinan investor terhadap perusahaan dan pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan nilai saham perbankan Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance , yang meliputi : Kepemilikan Institusional, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen, Jumlah Komite Audit, Jumlah Direksi. dan Permodalan ( CAR dan LDR ) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan ( ROA dan ROE ) serta implikasinya terhadap Harga Saham di Industri Perbankan. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan mengolah Data Sekunder dari Bursa Efek Indonesia, yaitu Laporan GCG dan Laporan Keuanganperiode 2011-2013, dengan 13 sampel industri perbankan yang mendapat penilaian terbaik dari I ndonesian Institute for Corporate Directorship (IICD). Tipe penelitian kuantitatif, uji hipotesis, statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), m enggunakan program Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) . Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa :kepemilikan institusional, proporsi dewan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap ROA dan ROE, jumlah komite audit, CAR berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap ROA da n ROE Jumlah dewan direksi berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap ROA dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap ROE . LDR berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap ROA dan ROE. Sedangkan ROA, ROE berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap harga saham.
Praxis of Resilience & Resistance: "We Can STOP Donald Trump" and Other Messages from Immigrant Children.

In 2018 there have been constant anti-immigrant rhetoric, policies, and enforcement. Most recently, Trump referred to immigrant children as “future criminals” who needed to be kept in prison-like detention centers and “tender age facilities” (Min Kim, 2018). Meanwhile, the 4.5 million children of immigrants already in the US continue to face possibilities of family separation due to this enforcement-focused political system (Suarez-Orozco et al., 2015). The goal of this article is to provide insight into the lives of one of the most vulnerable and fastest growing populations in the U.S.—immigrant children. As a researcher and educator, I developed an art-centered methodological and pedagogical tool that can serve those working with immigrant children and vulnerable populations. Over a two-year period, I used artistic tools such as drawings, storyboards, Teatro Campesino’s actos, and various techniques from Theater of the Oppressed (Boal, 2000) to work with children of immigrants in a sixth-grade class of English Language Learners (ELL) in Los Angeles. Through educational, artistic, and anecdotal components of their work, these children created a world where they could resist and fight Trump and share that victory by utilizing the transformative imaginary of art.
Molecular Control of Oligodendrocyte Development

Myelin is a multilayer lipid membrane structure that wraps and insulates axons, allowing for the efficient propagation of action potentials. During developmental myelination of the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and migrate to their final destination, where they terminally differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons. Lineage progression and terminal differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells are under tight transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. The characterization of several recently identified regulatory factors that govern these processes, which are the focus of this review, has greatly increased our understanding of oligodendrocyte development and function. These insights are critical to facilitate efforts to enhance OPC differentiation in neurological disorders that disrupt CNS myelin.
Algorand: A secure and efficient distributed ledger

Abstract A distributed ledger is a tamperproof sequence of data that can be publicly accessed and augmented by everyone, without being maintained by a centralized party. Distributed ledgers stand to revolutionize the way a modern society operates. They can secure all kinds of traditional transactions, such as payments, asset transfers and titles, in the exact order in which the transactions occur; and enable totally new transactions, such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. They can remove intermediaries and usher in a new paradigm for trust. As currently implemented, however, distributed ledgers scale poorly and cannot achieve their enormous potential. In this paper we propose Algorand, an alternative, secure and efficient distributed ledger. Algorand is permissionless and works in a highly asynchronous environment. Unlike prior implementations of distributed ledgers based on “proof of work,” Algorand dispenses with “miners” and requires only a negligible amount of computation. Moreover, its transaction history “forks” only with negligible probability: that is, Algorand guarantees the finality of a transaction the moment the transaction enters the ledger.
UNIT B2.1 Signal Detection

The bulk magnetization represents the equilibrium value of the magnetization when all spins have aligned themselves parallel to the main field. When this magnetization is tipped into the transverse plane, it precesses about the main field. This precession generates a changing flux through the face of an appropriately placed coil inducing an electromotive force (emf) in the coil. The measured signal is proportional to the induced emf. This unit discusses the basic physics behind detecting MR signal. The process of calculating induced emf based on Faradays law of induction is explained.
The Tesserae Project: Large-Scale, Longitudinal, In Situ, Multimodal Sensing of Information Workers

The Tesserae project investigates how a suite of sensors can measure workplace performance (e.g., organizational citizenship behavior), psychological traits (e.g., personality, affect), and physical characteristics (e.g., sleep, activity) over one year. We enrolled 757 information workers across the U.S. and measure heart rate, physical activity, sleep, social context, and other aspects through smartwatches, a phone agent, beacons, and social media. We report challenges that we faced with enrollment, privacy, and incentive structures while setting up such a long-term multimodal large-scale sensor study. We discuss the tradeoffs of remote versus in-person enrollment, and showed that directly paid, in-person enrolled participants are more compliant overall compared to remotely-enrolled participants. We find that providing detailed information regarding privacy concerns up-front is highly beneficial. We believe that our experiences can benefit other large sensor projects as this field grows.
From Biological to Biomimetic: Immobilizing Electrocatalysts for H2/O2 Fuel Cells

Translating homogeneous electrocatalysts to surface-immobilized electrocatalysts, while maintaining catalytic activity, has long been a research challenge. In this issue of Joule, Le Goff and coworkers report a surface-confined dinuclear copper electrocatalyst for O2 reduction that mimics the active site of multi-copper oxidases.
FACET-II facility for advanced accelerator experimental tests

The National User Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests II (FACET-II) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory expands upon the experiments conducted at FACET. Its purpose is to build upon the decades-long experience developed conducting accelerator R at SLAC in the areas of advanced acceleration and coherent radiation techniques with high-energy electron and positron beams. This paper summarizes the motivations for the design and resulting capabilities of the FACET-II facility.
Addressing a Need: A Clinical Lipidology Subspecialty Postgraduate Certificate.

ABSTRACT The LOGIC Model was used to develop a clinical lipidology subspecialty program that provides formal preparation for health care professionals focused in the clinical lipidology content area. Objectives were developed based on the National Lipid Association core curriculum; topics include atherosclerosis, lifestyle and pharmacological management of dyslipidemias, metabolic syndrome, vascular biology, advanced lipoprotein metabolism, and atherosclerosis imaging. Four courses provide students with expert knowledge to effectively manage complex dyslipidemia. Implementation of the program within formal academic units will increase the number of health care providers with specific clinical knowledge to care for patients/families with complex dyslipidemia and related cardiometabolic conditions.
Myomatous Erythrocytosis Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Myomatous Erythrocytosis Syndrome is defined as erythrocytosis, myomatous uterus, and the return of normal hematologic values following surgical resection. The exact role of erythropoietin in disease pathogenesis is unknown. In this study we report the case of a 49 year old premenopausal woman who was found to have an enlarged heterogeneous mass arising from the uterus concerning for malignancy. Her RBC count was 5.75 T/L, hemoglobin was 17.6 g/dL and hematocrit was 54.3%. Pre-operative erythropoietin levels were 24.6 mIU/mL and JAK2 mutation was not detected. She underwent Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy. The pathology was consistent with a uterine leiomyoma. Laboratory evaluation performed eight weeks after surgery showed a RBC count of 4.5 T/L, hemoglobin of 13.6 g/dL, hematocrit of 40.5%. Post-operative erythropoietin level was 5.4 mIU/mL. The tissue showed diffuse moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunopositive for Erythropoietin. Erythropoietin plays an important role in this condition, however the exact mechanism is still under investigation. The theory of erythropoietin secreting tumor autonomously without negative feedback is the most credible so far. However, further studies with use of blood erythropoietin level, tissue erythropoietin detection using immune-stain and new molecular biology techniques need to be done and compared to uterine myoma patients with no erythrocytosis. Usually, no further treatment is required following surgical removal.
What constitutes "behavioral health"? Perceptions of substance-related problems and their treatment in primary care.

Integrating behavioral health in primary care is a widespread endeavor. Yet rampant variation exists in models and approaches. One significant question is whether frontline providers perceive that behavioral health includes substance use. The current study examined front line providers’: 1. definition of behavioral health, and 2. levels of comfort treating patients who use alcohol and other drugs. Frontline providers at two primary care clinics were surveyed using a 28-item instrument designed to assess their comfort and knowledge of behavioral health, including substance use. Two questions from the Integrated Behavioral Health Staff Perceptions Survey pertaining to confidence in clinics’ ability to care for patients’ behavioral health needs and comfort dealing with patients with behavioral health needs were used for the purposes of this report. Participants also self-reported their clinic role. Responses to these two items were assessed and then compared across roles. Chi square estimates and analysis of variance tests were used to examine relationships between clinic roles and comfort of substance use care delivery. Physicians, nurses/nurse practitioners, medical assistants, and other staff (N = 59) participated. Forty-nine participants included substance use in their definition of behavioral health. Participants reported the least comfort caring for patients who use substances (M = 3.5, SD = 1.0) compared to those with mental health concerns (M = 4.1, SD = 0.7), chronic medical conditions (M = 4.2, SD = 0.7), and general health concerns (M = 4.2, SD = 0.7) (p < 0.001). Physicians (M = 3.0, SD = 0.7) reported significantly lower levels of comfort than medical assistants (M = 4.2, SD = 0.9) (p < 0.001) caring for patients who use substances. In a small sample of key stakeholders from two primary care clinics who participated in this survey, most considered substance use part of the broad umbrella of behavioral health. Compared to other conditions, primary care providers reported being less comfortable addressing patients’ substance use. Level of comfort varied by role, where physicians were least comfortable, and medical assistants most comfortable.
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: A history of change

Abstract The Chesapeake Bay watershed has been the focus of pioneering studies of the role of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition as a nutrient source and driver of estuarine trophic status. Here, we review the history and evolution of scientific investigations of the role of atmospheric N deposition, examine trends from wet and dry deposition networks, and present century-long (1950–2050) atmospheric N deposition estimates. Early investigations demonstrated the importance of atmospheric deposition as an N source to the Bay, providing 25%–40% among all major N sources. These early studies led to the unprecedented inclusion of targeted decreases in atmospheric N deposition as part of the multi-stakeholder effort to reduce N loads to the Bay. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and deposition of wet nitrate, oxidized dry N, and dry ammonium (NH4+) sharply and synchronously declined by 60%–73% during 1995–2019. These decreases largely resulted from implementation of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, which began in 1995. Wet NH4+ deposition shows no significant trend during this period. The century-long atmospheric N deposition estimates indicate an increase in total atmospheric N deposition in the Chesapeake watershed from 1950 to a peak of ~15 kg N/ha/yr in 1979, trailed by a slight decline of
Reggie Needs a Car (A)

This case series simulates the decision of choosing and financing a car. Reggie Fuller is a fry cook on the verge of losing his job if he keeps arriving late to work due to inconsistent public buses. Fuller's dream car, the Lincoln MKS, is priced far beyond his budget ($50,000), but Fuller wonders if he can afford other new cars like the Nissan Altima (which costs $17,445) or the Toyota Camry (which costs $20,306). Unsure of how to proceed, Fuller seeks the advice of a family friend and mentor, who agrees to teach him what he knows about the car-financing process. Accompanying the case is a handout that teaches students how to calculate monthly auto loan payments. Excerpt UVA-F-1884 Rev. Apr. 30, 2020 Reggie Needs a Car (A) Introduction Reggie Fuller checked his watch. It was 8:45 a.m. already, and still no bus. He had to be at work by 9:00 a.m., and he had been waiting at the bus stop for more than 20 minutes, eagerly watching the road for any sign of the Downtown 7 bus. The sun was quickly climbing overhead, and as the morning got hotter and hotter, Fuller's work uniform started sticking to his sweating chest. He wiped the sweat from his forehead and grew more annoyed and irritated with the late bus, as well as the summer heat and humidity. "If I can be here on time, why can't the bus?" he muttered to himself. . . .
Quantitative comparison of in vitro and in vivo embryogenesis at a single cell resolution

Abstract Stem cell engineering is a powerful platform to address numerous challenges in regenerative medicine and developmental biology. Typically, engineered populations are derived by exposing pluripotent stem cells to a series of signaling cues meant to recapitulate developmental milestones, such as the induction of the primitive streak. Morphologic, genetic, transcriptomic, and functional differences between fully differentiated in vivo and engineered populations have long been recognized. However, the correspondence between engineered and native embryonic progenitors has been relatively less well characterized, largely due to their transient and highly heterogenous nature, and therefore many studies have relied on expression of a few canonical markers to ensure that their cells are on the correct path. To address this challenge, we first generated an in vivo gastrulation mouse single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reference data set and used it to train a collection of computational tools for comparing cell types, states, regulators, and trajectories across studies. Then we used these tools to evaluate a commonly used protocol designed to promote mesoderm derivation, as well as four previously published biomimetic protocols. Finally, we diversified our toolkits to reach a broader scientific community by implementing our primary analysis tool in Python and as an interactive web application.
Complete revascularization during coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with reduced major adverse events.

Abstract Objective Complete revascularization literature is limited by variance in patient cohorts and inconsistent definitions. The objective of the current study was to provide risk-adjusted outcomes for complete revascularization of significant nonmain-branch and main-branch vessel stenoses. Methods All patients that underwent first-time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures were included. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, cumulative incidence function, and Cox regression were used to analyze outcomes. Results The total population consisted of 3356 patients that underwent first-time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Eight hundred eighty-nine (26.5%) patients had incomplete and 2467 (73.5%) had complete revascularization. For main-branch vessels, 677 (20.2%) patients had incomplete revascularization and 2679 (79.8%) were completely revascularized. Following risk adjustment with inverse probability treatment weighting, all baseline characteristics were balanced (standardized mean difference, ≤ 0.10). On Kaplan-Meier estimates, survival at 1 year (94.6% vs 92.5%) and 5 years (86.5% vs 82.1%) (P = .05) was significantly better for patients who received complete revascularization. Freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was significantly higher for the complete revascularization cohort at both 1 year (89.2% vs 84.2%) and 5 years (72.5% vs 66.7%) (P Conclusions Complete surgical revascularization of all angiographically stenotic vessels in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease is associated with fewer major adverse events. Incomplete revascularization of nonmain-branch vessels is not associated with survival or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
Spontaneous emergence of topologically robust grid cell modules: A multiscale instability theory

Modular structures in the brain play a central role in compositionality and intelligence, however the general mechanisms driving module emergence have remained elusive. Studying entorhinal grid cells as paradigmatic examples of modular architecture and function, we demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of a small number of discrete spatial and functional modules from an interplay between continuously varying lateral interactions generated by smooth cortical gradients. We derive a comprehensive analytic theory of modularization, revealing that the process is highly generic with its robustness deriving from topological origins. The theory generates universal predictions for the sequence of grid period ratios, furnishing the most accurate explanation of grid cell data to date. Altogether, this work reveals novel principles by which simple bottom-up dynamical interactions lead to macroscopic modular organization.
Precise localization of DBD plasma streamers using topographically patterned insulators for maskless structural and chemical modification of surfaces

Dielectric insulators with patterned topographic relief were used in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure to spatially define the formation of filamentary microdischarges (“plasma streamers”). Precise localization of microdischarge streamers is demonstrated with concomitant treatment patterns on surfaces, enabling localized etching, surface micro-texturing, and chemically and structurally induced wettability modification without the use of lithographic masks on the sample. Proof-of-concept examples include generation of arbitrary streamer patterns (lines, arrays, and letters), anisotropic etching of PMMA films, and spatial patterning of Teflon to be hydrophilic. The approach herein allows user-defined patterning of DBD streamers for subsequent modification and treatment of surfaces (e.g., roughness, wettability, etc.), materials deposition, or etching.
Strategies for Structural Analysis of Large Proteins: The Utility of Domains, Peptide Sequences, and Peptide Mapping

Very large polypeptide chains (e.g. >200K daltons) often present special challenges for the elucidation and interpretation of protein structure. Complete amino acid sequences, even of more modestly-sized proteins, are now commonly deduced from DNA sequences. However, peptide sequences are often needed to design oligonucleotide probes or to verify putative clones, as well as to locate posttranslational modifications and functional sites.
A Software Framework for Aircraft Simulation

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center has a long history in developing simulations of experimental fixed-wing aircraft from gliders to suborbital vehicles on platforms ranging from desktop simulators to pilot-in-the-loop/aircraft-in-the-loop simulators. Regardless of the aircraft or simulator hardware, much of the software framework is common to all NASA Dryden simulators. Some of this software has withstood the test of time, but in recent years the push toward high-fidelity user-friendly simulations has resulted in some significant changes. This report presents an overview of the current NASA Dryden simulation software framework and capabilities with an emphasis on the new features that have permitted NASA to develop more capable simulations while maintaining the same staffing levels.
Treatment Acceptability Study of Walking The Middle Path, a New DBT Skills Module for Adolescents and their Families

In light of dialectic behavioral therapy's effectiveness in treating suicidal adults, the treatment has been adapted for use in diverse clinical populations, including adolescents who are suicidal and have multiple problem. Walking the Middle Path is a new skill- training module that addresses specific problems and skill deficits of adolescents and their families. The present study evaluated the acceptability of Walking the Middle Path, in order to establish a basis for further assessment of the module's effectiveness. Fifty participants receiving DBT for adolescent were administered a Treatment Acceptability Scale, a skills-rating scale and an open-ended, qualitative assessment. Results indicated high ratings of acceptability. Middle Path skills ranked highly among the DBT skills perceived as most helpful, with validation rated the most beneficial aspect of skills training. The study provides preliminary support for inclusion of Middle Path in the skills training component of DBT with adolescents and their caregivers. Clinical implications of responses and the role of validation in improving family functioning are discussed.
TH‐B‐213‐02: Spine SBRT: Robotic and Gimbaled

Spine SBRT is a common option for spine radiation therapy. This session will describe the clinical implementation of a spine SBRT program using linear accelerators, Cyberknife, and gimbaled devices. Treatment planning, QA, treatment delivery, patient immobilization and setup, and commissioning will be discussed. The goals of spine SBRT clinical workflow are common to all treatment devices but clinical practices depend upon the treatment device and differences will be detailed. Tolerances of patient setup, immobilization and imaging are defined by the close proximity of the spinal cord to the target and tolerances will be discussed along with error minimization practices. Published studies regarding the clinical rationale and implementation of spine SBRT will be reviewed. Learning Objectives: 1. 1.Understand the clinical rationale for spine SBRT. 2. 2.Understand the similarities and differences of difference treatment devices utilized for spine SBRT. 3. 3.Understand the clinical physics methods for commissioning a spine SBRT program. 4. 4.Understand the clinical workflow of a spine SBRT program including treatment planning techniques and quality assurance measurements. Travel Expenses and Research Funding from Elekta
System islanding using minimal cutsets with minimum net flow

Slow coherency has effectively proved its capability in determining sets of generator groups among weak connections in any given power system. In this paper, we provide two comprehensive approaches to deal with islanding the actual system based on the grouping information, by using the minimal cutsets technique in graph theory. The issue of minimal cutsets has been widely discussed in areas related to network topology determination, reliability analysis, etc. The results of this paper also show potential in application to power system islanding. The verification of the islanding scheme is provided based on a WECC 179-bus, 29-generator test system.
The Temporal Logic of Rewriting: A Gentle Introduction

This paper presents the temporal logic of rewriting $\mathit{TLR}^{\ast}$. Syntactically, $\mathit{TLR}^{\ast}$ is a very simple extension of $\mathit{CTL}^{\ast}$ which just adds action atoms, in the form of spatial action patterns, to $\mathit{CTL}^{\ast}$. Semantically and pragmatically, however, when used together with rewriting logic as a "tandem" of system specification and property specification logics, it has substantially more expressive power than purely state-based logics like $\mathit{CTL}^{\ast}$, or purely action-based logics like A-$\mathit{CTL}^{\ast}$. Furthermore, it avoids the system/property mismatch problem experienced in state-based or action-based logics, which makes many useful properties inexpressible in those frameworks without unnatural changes to a system's specification. The advantages in expresiveness of $\mathit{TLR}^{\ast}$ are gained without losing the ability to use existing tools and algorithms to model check its properties: a faithful translation of models and formulas is given that allows verifying $\mathit{TLR}^{\ast}$ properties with $\mathit{CTL}^{\ast}$ model checkers.
Relative Amount and Ester Composition of Vitamin A in Rat Hepatocytes as a Function of the Method of Cell Preparation and of Total Liver Stores

The aim of this study was to determine the cellular distribution of vitamin A in the liver of adult, well-nourished Sprague-Dawley rats with different stores of this vitamin. Three groups of three rats each were fed AIN-76 diet. Each group received an oral supplement of either 0, 2, or 12 mg of retinol. Retinol and retinyl esters were measured in the whole liver, in hepatocytes isolated either by gravity sedimentation or by centrifugal elutriation, and in the supernatant solution recovered after hepatocyte sedimentation. Dietary supplementation with vitamin A increased the liver stores from 138 to 390 micrograms/g. A mean of 5% of the liver vitamin A was found in hepatocytes isolated by centrifugal elutriation. This percentage tended to decrease as liver vitamin A increased. In contrast, a mean of 38% of total liver vitamin A was found in hepatocytes isolated by gravity sedimentation over a threefold range of liver reserves. Whereas the retinol concentration in hepatocytes remained constant, the percentage of total vitamin A as retinyl esters, which accounted for more than 96% of the total vitamin A, increased as liver stores increased. The retinyl ester composition was similar in all three groups, major esters being palmitate (76-82%), stearate (9-12%), oleate (5-7%), and linoleate (3-4%). Over a threefold range of liver vitamin A concentrations in well-nourished rats, therefore, we estimate that only 10-20% of the total vitamin A in liver is present in the parenchymal cells.
Particle exhaust scheme using an in-vessel cryocondensation pump in the advanced divertor configuration of the DIII-D Tokamak

A particle exhaust scheme using a cryocondensation pump in the advanced divertor configuration of the DIII-D tokamak is described. In this configuration, the pump is located inside a baffle chamber...
Ground‐Water Flow Systems and Stability of a Slope

Shoreline recession on the Great Lakes has caused millions of dollars worth of property damage in the lake bordering States and Canadian provinces. A variety of projects have been funded to study the erosion problem. The general conclusion of these studies is that wave action at the base of the bluff is the most important basic cause of bluff-top retreat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of various physical processes in causing bluff erosion. One part of the study was to ascertain the role of ground water in bluff stability. In this study, along a certain stretch of the Lake Michigan shoreline, 9 to 10 m (27 to 30 ft) per year of bluff-top recession that is not correlated to toe erosion was recorded. Heads were measured in 25 piezometers and a complex ground-water flow system was defined at this site. A glacial sand unit that is under artesian pressure was found 5 m (15 ft) above the toe of the bluff. Another “perched” system was observed in a fractured till unit at the top of the bluff. Water-table fluctuations have been recorded over a year and fluctuations of up to 13 m (39 ft) in the lower sand unit were measured. These fluctuations were found to have a significant influence on bluff stability. Pore pressures calculated from field measurements, along with the effective strength parameters of the soil units, were then used in the slope stability analysis to determine safety factors. Ground-water flow systems are found to be highly complex at the land-lake interface due to the inhomogeneities of the glacial materials that compose the bluffs. Furthermore, these complex ground-water flow systems influence the stability of the upper part of the bluffs. Because of the complexities, extrapolation of results to other stretches of the shoreline is difficult. However, methodologies and the awareness of how water-table fluctuations and multi-layered ground-water flow systems affect slope stability can be of help in other field situations.
Air medical response for illness revisited

Abstract Introduction: A previous study (1988–1990) suggested that the majority of air medical scene transports for illness in the Columbus, Ohio, service area were inappropriate. The current study followed an aggressive prehospital educational program (1991–1993) that continued during the study. The question asked: Did this educational program make a difference? Method: A descriptive, retrospective review of all patients transported from the scene of illness to tertiary care by air. Setting: A single air medical transport service with a rural service area encompassing most of central and southeastern Ohio. Results: In the 27 months ending September 1993, there were 3,669 completed missions and 1,039 scene missions. Twenty-seven patients transported for illness included 11 males and 16 females, with an average age of 22.3 years. Significant differences between 1988–1990 and 1991–1993 included: Number—10% vs. 2.6% (2,414 vs. 3,669), diagnosis arrest—29.4% vs. 3.7%, diagnosis seizure—14.7% vs. 48.1%, tertiary care needed—20.6% vs. 70.4%, helicopter needed—0.0% vs. 29.6%. Total mission volume increased (2,414 vs. 3,669) while the percent scene total volume remained constant (28.3%). Conclusion: An aggressive educational program led to a significant decrease in inappropriate helicopter use in the service area studied.
GUI_Missile_Flyout: A General Program for Simulating Ballistic Missiles

GUI_Missile_Flyout is a stand-alone program running under Windows for simulating ballistic missiles with 1, 2, or 3 stages in a framework with a round, rotating Earth. Users can easily input all the necessary parameters in an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI). A modest number of quantities can be interactively plotted on the Interface but the complete trajectory can be saved as either an Excel or Matlab file for further analysis. The trajectory can also be directly displayed in Google Earth for visualization. The GUI can be used to optimize pitch-over parameters to maximize range or aim at a specific target (entered, as is the launch site) through latitude–longitude pairs. In addition to an introduction to using the program, this article describes the integration of the three-degrees-of-freedom equations of motion and approximations made to the aerodynamic (such as a parameterized drag coefficient, C d ). The program is freely available from the website: http://mit.edu/stgs/downloads. Although writ...
English Past Tense Use in Bilingual Children With Language Impairment

Grammatical measures that distinguish language differences from language disorders in bilingual children are scarce. This study examined English past tense morphology in sequential bilingual Spanis...
Smoking the Other: Marijuana and Counterhegemony in Weeds

Subverting suburban modernity, the SHOWTIME television series Weeds invites its audiences to situate their opinions about marijuana amid spheres of bourgeois soccer-moms, class politics, turf wars, raw economics, violent milieux, and multiculti heterogeneity. I argue that Weeds encourages us to “smoke the Other”; that is, to hesitantly accept difference, in line with many drug circles’ etiquette. The phrase “smoking the Other” is a critical alteration of bell hooks’ (1992, Black looks: Race and representation. Boston: South End Press) conception of whites’ ethnic “devouring” as “eating the Other,” a rather rigid schematic itself problematized by Weeds’ transgressive self-conscious playfulness with stereotyped ethnicities, loopy plotlines, and counterhegemonic dialogue. Cultural/political implications follow.
D'Alembert's principle and the equations of motion for nonholonomic systems

D'Alembert's principle is manipulated in the presence of nonholonomic constraints to derive the principle of virtual power in nonholonomic form, and Lagrange's equations for nonholonomic systems. The Lagrangian equations had been expressed previously for conservative systems, derived by variational methods. The D'Alembert derivation confirms the roles of constrained and unconstrained Lagrangians directly by the presence of constrained and unconstrained velocities in D'Alembert's principle. The constrained form of nonconservative generalized forces is also determined for both particles and rigid bodies. An example is a rolling disk.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Measuring Productivity Growth in U.S. Regions: A Survey:

This article surveys empirical evidence from U.S. regions concerning measurement of productivity levels and patterns of change in those levels over time. Literature reviewed includes both econometric studies and more recent work that has heavily emphasized sources-of-growth accounting. Key articles are discussed and evaluated in detail, particularly from a methodological perspective. Further research topics are suggested. They focus on the changing role over time in the relation between agglomeration economies and urban productivity, on whether regional productivity levels are converging over time, and on the reconciliation of divergent regional estimates of total factor productivity to account, for example, for industry mix effects.
De “chichipatos” a narcotraficantes: Dinero y heteroglosia social en Hijos de la nieve (2000) de José Libardo Porras

Jose Libardo Porras's novel Hijos de la Nieve (2000) is a narco-novel that explores how drug trafficking has transformed the way Colombian society views traditional values such as labor and education by creating a new scale of values in which consumerism and “easy money” direct the lives of a growing number of individuals. The novel employs different narrative strategies that subvert a single view of the phenomenon and point out the different interpellations that drug trafficking generates in different characters.
International law implications of the detection of extraterrestrial intelligent signals

Abstract This paper first considers whether the present law of outer space, as it has been enshrined in five United Nations treaties and other legal documents concerning outer space, provides a satisfactory basis for SETI/CETI activities. In the author's opinion, these activities may serve “the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes,” as recognized in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. The use of the radio frequency spectrum for SETI/CETI purposes should be in conformity with the legal principles governing this valuable natural resource, as expressed in the International Telecommunication Convention and related documents, and with allocations of the relevant segments of the spectrum by the competent bodies of the International Telecommunication Union. In the second part the author examines the impact that the detection of extraterrestrial intelligent signals may have on the present body of space law. A possible role for the United Nations in this respect is also explored and a timely interest of the world body in discussing questions relating to this subject is recommended. Consideration of these questions could become a tool helping to concentrate the attention of the world community on problems of common concern and thus to strengthen international cooperation. However, the author believes that a law-making process that would aim at elaborating a special regulation of activities in this field would be premature at this stage. It should be initiated only when the boundary between possibilities and realities is crossed. Finally, the paper outlines some likely transformation in our space law thinking that would be the consequence of the detection of extraterrestrial intelligent signals. Elaboration of the principles and norms to govern relations between the international community of our own planet and other intelligent communities in the universe would add a new dimension to the present body of outer space law. At the same time this new approach might exercise a beneficial influence on relations between nations and peoples of the planet Earth. Considerations of legal implications of new phenomena in the world for our life are usually made from two points of view that reflect two basic levels of our thinking. First, we try to establish what exists and then decide what could or should be done. This two-fold approach, known in legal terminology as de lege lata and de lege ferenda, can also be used in the consideration of our present problem, though it seems to be still a rather extraordinary subject.
Properties of the momentum-translation approximation

It is shown that the momentum-translation approximation (MTA) for the treatment of the interaction of bound states with a plane-wave field can be developed in at least five different ways. This multiplicity of approaches is used to exhibit some of the basic features of the approximation, as well as to contrast it with a gauge transformation, with which it is sometimes confused. Validity conditions are $\frac{\mathrm{ea}{a}_{0}\ensuremath{\omega}}{E}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, $\ensuremath{\omega}{a}_{0}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ (where $a$ is the amplitude of the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge for a plane wave of circular frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, $E$ is a characteristic bound-state energy, and ${a}_{0}$ is a characteristic size of the bound system), and an absence of intermediate near resonances in a transition. The momentum-translation technique predicts replica states very directly, but level shifts are found only by a method equivalent to perturbation theory. A general formalism is developed for transitions caused by linearly or circularly polarized applied plane-wave fields, in which a second field may or may not be involved. In first order, the MTA always reduces exactly to first-order perturbation theory, but when treated in their entireties, it is shown that a perturbation series and a momentum-translation series are rearrangements of each other. All the criticisms which have been directed at the MTA are reviewed and evaluated. The principal limitations of the MTA are found to be the difficulty of treating problems with intermediate near resonances, and the absence of a systematic way to improve on the basic approximation. The strengths of the MTA are its simple analytical form, its good accuracy when there are no intermediate near resonances, and the fact that high-order multiphoton processes are treated as easily as first-order processes.
A DISCUSSION OF THE WATER CONTENT OF VERMICULITE

Selected chemical and diffraction analyses from the literature, supplemented by thermal and thermogravimetric analyses and infrared absorption observations, are utilized to construct a rational model of the water arrangement in natural vermiculites.
Transient Force on a Rotating AR 2 Semi-Span Flat Plate

Transient forces are measured on an aspect ratio 2 semi-span flat plate rotating about its long axis (at mid-chord) across a variety of tip speed ratios (reduced frequencies). The flat plate is used as an oversimplified surrogate to Savonius-type vertical axis wind turbines. Little is presently understood about the process or importance of vortex formation and shedding throughout the rotational cycle of vertical axis wind turbines. Rotating a thin flat plate reduces ambiguity due to Reynolds number effects on the initial formation of vortices. Parametrically varying tip speed ratio highlights the influence of vortex convective time on transient force. This experiment provides an interesting bridge between the flowfields associated with flapping wings and vertical axis wind turbines. Parallels will be drawn between the two by comparing recent work in both fields. At the low reduced frequencies tested, static flat plate theory does an excellent job of describing the lift and drag from 45 degrees to 145 degrees angle of attack. Lifting surface theory described the lift curve slope well in the linear region up to stall inception.
The role of integrins in corneal wound healing

Integrins are cell adhesion molecules important in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These interactions are vital to numerous physiological processes including corneal wound healing. This review discusses the structure of integrins as well as the various roles that integrins play in the corneal wound healing process. Integrin profile abnormalities identified in various corneal pathological conditions are also reviewed.
Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism

This article examines theories of practical and strategic constraints that collectively explain why so few terrorist groups in history have crossed (or attempted to cross) the WMD threshold. From this analysis, it becomes clear that a terrorist group's deliberations about WMD can be influenced (positively or negatively) by a variety of factors. Our projections of the future WMD terrorism threat must therefore account for changes in the kinds of practical and strategic constraints that could lead to an increased willingness and/or capability of a group to pursue these kinds of weapons. Further, there are ways in which governments can influence a terrorist group's decision-making and thus have a direct impact on the future evolution of the WMD terrorism threat. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol5/iss4/9 Journal of Strategic Security Volume 5 Issue 4 2012, pp. 51-68 DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.5.4.4 Journal of Strategic Security (c) 2012 ISSN: 1944-0464 eISSN: 1944-0472 51 Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism James J.F. Forest Center for Security Research and Technologies, University of Massachusetts Lowell
Delayed articular cartilage slough: Two cases resulting from holmium:YAG laser damage to normal articular cartilage and a review of the literature

Abstract We present two cases referred from other physicians with chondral damage and cartilage slough secondary to use of the holmium:YAG laser during knee arthroscopy. The first patient had a partial lateral meniscectomy, which was done with a 20-W Ho:YAG laser. The patient never fully recovered and underwent a second arthroscopy that revealed full-thickness cartilage defects of the lateral femoral condyle. The second patient had debridement of Outerbridge grade III changes of the lateral tibial plateau and patella as well as a partial lateral meniscectomy using a Ho:YAG laser. The patient developed recurrent symptoms, and when a second arthroscopy was performed, new degenerative changes to the lateral femoral condyle were noted with large areas of cartilage loss. A careful look needs to be taken at the limited use of lasers until further randomized prospective studies are carried out comparing patient outcomes, cost, and long-term complications.