cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on stream microbial communities and detritivorous macroinvertebrates.

Microbial communities play an important role in stream ecosystem processes, such as breakdown of senescent leaf litter, and as a primary nutritional source for detritivorous macroinvertebrates. Antibiotics may affect stream microbial communities and associated ecosystem processes, especially because recent stream and river monitoring programs have indicated the presence of antibiotics downstream of wastewater treatment plants. In the current study, effects of chronic exposure to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Cipro) were examined on stream microbial community-level physiological profiles and growth indices of detritivorous amphipods (Gammarus spp.) and caddisflies (Lepidostoma liba). Microcosm experiments were conducted using stream sediments and water, senesced leaf material (Acer saccharum), and macroinvertebrates. A shift in function of leaf-associated microbial communities (based on carbon source utilization) was observed for samples exposed to 100 μg/L of Cipro for 12 d compared to control and treatments exposed to 1 and 10 μg/L of Cipro. This was attributable to carbohydrate substrates, which had 2.7- to 3.5-fold lower microbial respiration than the lower concentrations and control (p 0.05). Similarly, L. liba growth rate did not vary among control, 10, and 100 μg/L treatments after 45-d exposures (p > 0.05). These results suggest that Cipro may affect leaf-associated microbial communities, but at concentrations four orders of magnitude above those detected in streams. However, effects of the antibiotic on growth and condition of detritivores were not observed. Future work should focus on identifying specific changes in stream microbial communities as a result of Cipro exposure and impacts on other aquatic species.
Methods of Energy Control during Discharge of Large Electrostatic Accelerators

It is our belief that major advances in the generator voltages used in D. C. accelerator technology will only be achieved after the generators are designed for both D. C. operation and for the transient conditions that are present during discharge. There appears to be little doubt that the electrostatic energy is often converted into electromagnetic waves which excite a wide variety of oscillator modes. These modes can best be damped by including dissipative elements that are chosen to terminate or critically damp the oscillator circuit.
Ethical Issues in Organ Transplantation

We discuss ethical issues of organ transplantation including the stewardship tension between physicians' duty to do everything possible for their patients and their duty to serve society by encouraging organ donation. We emphasize consideration of the role of the principles of justice, utility and equity in the just distribution of transplantable organ as scarce resources. We then consider ethical issues of determining death of the organ donor including the remaining controversies in brain death determination and the new controversies raised by circulatory death determination. We need uniformity in standards of death determination, agreement on the duration of asystole before death is declared, and consensus on the allowable circulatory interventions on the newly declared organ donor that are intended to improve organ function. We discuss the importance of maintaining the dead donor rule, despite the argument of some scholars to abandon it.
Black Hole Production at the LHC by Standard Model Bulk Fields in the Randall-Sundrum Model ∗†

We consider the production of black holes at the LHC in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model through the collisions of Standard Model(SM) fields in the bulk. In comparison to the previously studied case where the SM fields are all confined to the TeV brane, we find substantial suppressions to the corresponding collider cross sections for all initial states, i.e., gg, qq and gq, where q represents a light quark or anti-quark which lie close to the Planck brane. For b quarks, which are closer to the TeV brane, this suppression effect is somewhat weaker though b quark contributions to the cross section are already quite small due to their relatively small parton densities. Semi-quantitatively, we find that the overall black hole cross section is reduced by roughly two orders of magnitude in comparison to the traditional TeV brane localized RS model with the exact value being sensitive to the detailed localizations of the light SM fermions in the bulk.
Evaluation of Remote Memory Access Communication on the Cray XT3

This paper evaluates remote memory access (RMA) communication capabilities and performance on the Cray XT3. We discuss properties of the network hardware and portals networking software layer and corresponding implementation issues for SHMEM and ARMCI portable RMA interfaces. The performance of these interfaces is studied and compared to MPI performance.
Needs of and Supports for African American and European American Caregivers of Young Children with Special Needs in Urban and Rural Settings.

In this study, the authors compared the self-reported needs of and sources of supports for African American and European American caregivers of young children with disabilities living in urban and rural areas. One hundred twenty caregivers of young children in one state's early intervention (EI) system responded to two instruments, the Family Needs Scale (Dunst, Cooper, Weeldreyer, Snyde, & Chase, 1987) and the Family Support Scale (Dunst, Jenkins, & Trivette, 1996). African American and European American caregivers differed significantly regarding family needs, whereas urban and rural caregivers differed significantly on the overall level of support they reported. Interactional effects were also found. EI systems must take into account such differing needs and sources of support when developing policies and services for young children with disabilities and their families.
A New Subgenus of Ammophila from the Neotropical Region (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

A new subgenus is proposed for the following species of Ammophila: opulenta Guerin-Meneville, melanaria Dahlbom, binodis (Fabricius), aureonotata Cameron, catamarcensis Schrottky, willinki Menke, eximia Lepeletier, auromaculata Perez, and asperata Fox. A key to species is provided, with comparative and distributional notes. Ammophila willinki from Argentina and Brazil is described as new. Lectotypes are established for the following species: A. bimaculigera Strand, A. melanaria Dahlbom, A. miliaris Cameron, A. iridipennis Cameron, A. aureonotata Cameron, and A. asperata Fox. The following new synonymy is proposed: A. bimaculigera Strand (= opulenta Guerin-Meneville); A. lobicollis Cameron (= melanaria Dahlbom); Pelopoeus abbreviatus Fabricius, A. guiana Cameron, A. oxystoma Cameron (= binodis (Fabricius)); A. eugenia Smith, Sphex nigrocinctus Fernald, A. friedrichi Schrottky, A. trimaculigera Strand (= eximia Lepeletier); A. giacomellii Schrottky, (= auromaculata Perez); A. miliaris Cameron, A. iridipennis Cameron, A. velutina Schrottky (?= melanaria Dahlbom).
Cloning of an Alpha-TFEB fusion in renal tumors harboring the t(6;11)(p21;q13) chromosome translocation

MITF, TFE3, TFEB, and TFEC comprise a transcription factor family (MiT) that regulates key developmental pathways in several cell lineages. Like MYC, MiT members are basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factors. MiT members share virtually perfect homology in their DNA binding domains and bind a common DNA motif. Translocations of TFE3 occur in specific subsets of human renal cell carcinomas and in alveolar soft part sarcomas. Although multiple translocation partners are fused to TFE3, each translocation product retains TFE3's basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper. We have identified the genes fused by the chromosomal translocation t(6;11)(p21.1;q13), characteristic of another subset of renal neoplasms. In two primary tumors we found that Alpha, an intronless gene, rearranges with the first intron of TFEB, just upstream of TFEB's initiation ATG, preserving the entire TFEB coding sequence. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the involvement of both TFEB and Alpha in this translocation. Although the Alpha promoter drives expression of this fusion gene, the Alpha gene does not contribute to the ORF. Whereas TFE3 is typically fused to partner proteins in subsets of renal tumors, we found that wild-type, unfused TFE3 stimulates clonogenic growth in a cell-based assay, suggesting that dysregulated expression, rather than altered function of TFEB or TFE3 fusions, may confer neoplastic properties, a mechanism reminiscent of MYC activation by promoter substitution in Burkitt's lymphoma. Alpha-TFEB is thus identified as a fusion gene in a subset of pediatric renal neoplasms.
Controversial Treatment of Atherosclerotic Renal Vascular Disease The Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions Trial

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a relatively common problem, affecting from 1% to 5% of patients with hypertension.1,2 Given the high prevalence of hypertension, it follows that there are from 2 million to 4 million individuals with RAS in the United States alone. Autopsy data demonstrate that the incidence of RAS increases with age affecting 18% of individuals between the ages 65 to 74 years and >40% of those more than age 75.3 RAS is also common in individuals with vascular disease in other beds and is present in ≤40% of those with overt coronary artery disease, aortoiliac disease, or peripheral vascular disease.4–6 At present, the best treatment for RAS is unknown, and, in particular, whether or not revascularization, typically accomplished by angioplasty and stenting, improves clinical outcomes for patients with RAS is unclear. Nevertheless, it is estimated that &40 000 renal artery angioplasties procedures are performed in the United States each year, which, depending on whether or not the procedure is beneficial, is either far too many or far too few. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge about atherosclerotic RAS and to discuss the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) trial, which is examining the best treatment for this disease. The pathophysiology of hypertension is different in patients with unilateral and bilateral RAS. In both, a drop in perfusion pressure to a kidney distal to a stenosis induces an increase in the activity of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Salt and water retention and vasoconstriction contribute to the initial rise in systemic blood pressure, which tends to raise perfusion pressure of the poststenotic kidney toward normal. In patients with unilateral disease, perfusion pressure also rises in the contralateral, nonstenotic kidney to supra normal levels, inducing a pressure natriuresis response. Salt and …
FLIGHT CONTROL RECONFIGURATION ON SLIDING MODES

Addressing the highest market demands on safe and inexpensive military aircraft, the reconfigurable on-line sliding mode control strategies are developed. The high accuracy tracking performance of pilot's angular rates commands with given flying qualities is achieved before and after damage to an aircraft. The limitations to actuator's deflection and deflection rate are addressed. The developed reconfigurable control strategy implies a smoothed sliding mode controller with a boundary layer reconfiguration. On-line explicit system (damage) identification is not required. The developed reconfigurable control strategy is applied to the pitchcontrolled aircraft with the linearized second-order pitch plane dynamics. Computer simulations demonstrate high accuracy tracking of the pilot's angular rate commands with given flying qualities before and after damage to an aircraft via reconfigurable sliding mode controllers without on-line system (damage) identification.
Distortion: Total harmonic distortion in an asymmetrically clipped sinewave

The application of a signal to an electronic system such as an amplifier invariably results in an output that is, in some sense and to some extent, a distorted version of that input signal. The application to which the system is put is a major determiner of whether or not the distortion can be neglected or, at least, of how much distortion can be tolerated.
Biology of the Broadheaded Bug Alydus pilosulus (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

Nymphs and adults of Alydus pilosulus Herrich-Schaeffer, held in plastic containers and fed water-soaked and sprouted soybean seeds, were reared over a 7-month period in growth chambers, with a 15-hr daily photo-period and with temperatures programmed to coincide with mean hourly temperatures in June at Columbia, Missouri. Females produced an average of 46 eggs each (2.8/day; maximum, 22/day in an average period of 16 days. Egg hatch was 77%. The developmental period of overwintering (diapausing) eggs was more than double that of nondiapausing eggs. Total nymphal development required an average of 27 days, and nymphal mortality in all stadia was 85%.
Cashing out the money-pump argument

The money-pump argument figures as the staple argument in support of the view that cyclic preferences are irrational. According to a prominent way of understanding the argument, it is grounded in the assumption (or intuition) that (tangential qualifications aside) it is irrational to make choices that lead one to a dispreferred alternative. My aim in this paper is to motivate diffidence with respect to understanding the money-pump argument in this way by suggesting that (1) if it is so understood, the argument emerges as question-begging and as a complicated distraction in the debate concerning cyclic preferences, and that (2) there is a way of understanding the argument that casts it as grounded in a less controversial starting point.
The End of the Vexatiousness Rationale

This Essay argues that the "vexatiousness rationale," which posits that securities fraud litigation poses a danger of vexatiousness different in degree and in kind from that accompanying litigation in general, should not influence the future development of securities fraud jurisprudence. This Essay demonstrates that this vexatiousness rationale, first adopted by the Supreme Court in Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723, 739 (1975), has been extraordinarily influential in the development of securities fraud jurisprudence, rising to the level of a "policy heuristic." Yet, this Essay argues that the reasons for the Blue Chip Stamps Court’s adoption of the vexatiousness rationale are now largely defunct, and no intervening reasons support the vexatiousness rationale. Under current law, therefore, this Essay contends that securities fraud litigation poses no greater risk of vexatiousness than other types of class actions asserted against companies. In fact, the Supreme Court intimated as much in its recent decision, Amgen Inc. v. Connecticut Retirement Plans & Trust Funds, 133 S. Ct. 1184, 1201-02 (2013). As such, the vexatiousness rationale should not influence the future development of securities fraud jurisprudence, including the Court’s anticipated revisiting of the fraud-on-the-market presumption of reliance.Copyright 2013 by Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Thomson Reuters/West from Securities Regulation Law Journal.
Radiations from Zr 89

A betatron-induced $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $n$ reaction on ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{90}$ has been found to produce a third branch in the decay of the 4.4-minute state of ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{89}$. The new branch includes a 1.53-Mev gamma ray (8 percent as intense as the 588-kev gamma ray) coincident with positrons of approximately 850-kev maximum energy. These particles (log ft=4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1) are in competition with the 2.4-Mev positron group (log ft=6.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3) emitted in the decay, to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}$, of the 4.4-minute ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{89m}$. Anomalous behavior of the comparative half-lives is indicated, since both the 2.4-Mev and the 901-kev, 79-hour positron transitions are thought to be allowed. $\frac{K}{(L+M)}$ conversion ratios for the 4.4-minute, 588-kev and the 79 hour, 913-kev gamma radiations are, respectively, 5.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 and 7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2. A ten-channel scintillation spectrometer, based on a cathode-ray tube, light pipes, and photomultiplier tubes, to effect pulse-height selection, is also described.
Abstract 312: Amyloids of Oxidized Apolipoprotein A-I Induce Amyloid Fibril Formation in Intact Apolipoprotein A-I

Background: Amyloid deposition in atherosclerotic plaques increases with aging. Although a correlation between arterial amyloid deposits and cardiovascular events is yet to be established, the high incidence of amyloids associated with aortic intima and with atherosclerotic lesions indicates that amyloid deposits may contribute to atherosclerosis progression. Remarkably, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the main component of these amyloids. We previously demonstrated that oxidation of apoA-I methionines by myeloperoxidase, at a concentration similar to that produced by activated macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, promotes apoA-I amyloid fibril formation. Furthermore, recent studies revealed a hundred-fold increase in the amount of lipid-free apoA-I in atherosclerotic arteries compared to normal arteries. Notably, this apoA-I is heavily oxidized. Thus in the atherosclerotic plaques, high concentration of lipid-free apoA-I and an oxidative milieu are favorable conditions for apoA-I amyloid formation. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that amyloid fibrils constituted of oxidized apoA-I can transfer the dysfunctional phenotype to intact apoA-I. Methods: Pre-formed amyloid fibrils constituted of oxidized apoA-I were incubated with a 10-fold excess of intact apoA-I at 37 °C, pH 6.0, with continuous vortexing. Kinetics of amyloid fibril formation by the pool of intact apoA-I were derived by measuring Thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence over a 6-day period. Results: After a lag-phase of 24-48 h, fibril formation proceeded with typical sigmoidal kinetics and reached plateau levels after about 6 days. In control samples, in which intact apoA-I was incubated in the absence of pre-formed fibrils, no significant changes in ThT fluorescence were detected for the same time course. Conclusions: Oxidized apoA-I amyloid fibrils can catalyze the aggregation of a large excess of intact protein. This observation bears important pathophysiological implications. In vivo , a small amount of amyloid fibrils could be produced by oxidized apoA-I in specific microenvironments of the atheroma; when transferred to the surrounding tissues, these amyloid seeds could induce extended amyloid formation in the large available pool of lipid-free apoA-I.
Near Field Mixing of Staged Diffuser

A two-dimensional theory that models a staged diffuser as a continuous line source of mass, heat, and momentum has been formulated and solved. The model assumes the major dilution mechanism is due to side entrainment, and involves the use of only an entrainment coefficient obtained from classical jet literature. Constant induced velocities and excess temperatures are predicted. Solution properties are compared with that of a turbulent free jet, and the theoretical predictions are validated against existing experimental data. In the case of a diffuser discharging on a sloping bottom, the theory also suggests an optimal distribution of the momentum and heat load to take advantage of the increasing depth in the offshore direction.
Pretend Play and Social Engagement in Toddlers at High and Low Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Toddlers with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low risk (LR) toddlers with typically-developing older siblings were observed during free play with a parent and elicited pretend with an examiner at 22-months. Functional and pretend play, children’s social engagement, and parent sensitivity were assessed during free play. Complexity of play was assessed during the elicited pretend task. Toddlers with an ASD diagnosis showed less pretend play across contexts and less social engagement with parents or the examiner than either LR toddlers or high risk toddlers without a diagnosis (HR-noASD). Lower levels of pretend play and social engagement were associated with symptom severity within the high risk group, reflecting emerging ASD in toddlerhood.
Native American Environmental Justice as Decolonization

In the Pacific Northwest, control over lucrative and dwindling salmon fisheries have served as the primary source of contention between Native Americans and non-Indians for nearly 200 years. Despit...
Precise Compositional Control and Systematic Preparation of Multimonomeric Statistical Copolymers

A comprehensive approach to target exact molecular weights and chemical compositions for multimonomeric statistical copolymers using a new controlled statistics method with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer free-radical (RAFT) polymerization is presented. The system chosen to illustrate this procedure is an acrylic quarterpolymer consisting of methyl acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and 2-propylacetyl acrylate, modeling a well-known macromolecule utilized to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, HPMCAS). The relative reactivities at 70 °C between monomer pairs were measured and employed to predict the feed ratio necessary for synthesizing well-defined compositions based on the Walling-Briggs model. Application of Skeist’s equations addressed compositional drift and anticipated the general monomer incorporation distribution as a function of conversion, which was verified experimentally. This new and simple paradigm co...
Fighting Fire With Fire: Internet-Based Obesity Prevention

Whittemore R, Jeon S, Grey M. An Internet obesity prevention program for adolescents [published online ahead of print September 27, 2012]. J Adolesc Health; doi: 10.1016/j.jado-health.2012.07.014[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Researchers from Yale University assessed the additional effectiveness of coping skills training (CST) when included as part of HEALH[e]TEEN, an internet- and school-based obesity program. The investigators theorized that CST would improve self-efficacy in participants, ultimately leading to improved measures of health. Study participants were recruited from biology or health classes at 3 high schools and randomized by class to either the HEALTH[e]TEEN or HEALTH[e]TEEN + CST program. The HEALTH[e]TEEN program consisted of 8 self-standing web-based lessons on healthy lifestyle that were interactive and provided individualized feedback to students based on their responses. The program could be accessed independently during class. The HEALTH[e] TEEN + CST intervention consisted of identical modules, plus 4 additional lessons that covered stress reduction, social problem-solving, assertive communication, and conflict resolution. … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BAdolesc%2BHealth%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.jado-health.2012.07.014%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jado-health.2012.07.014&link_type=DOI
The International Court of Justice and the Human Rights Clauses of the Charter

The Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa), notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970), contains a veritable tour d’horizon of contemporary international law and of the law of international organizations. It ranges over provisions of the Covenant of the League of Nations and over many articles of the Charter of the United Nations.
Reform versus Reality in the Progressive Era Texas Prison

The state of Texas' determined effort to keep African-Americans performing plantation labor was at the heart of its prison farm system, from Reconstruction through the 1920s. State and penitentiary officials followed a practice of racialized labor control, demanding that African-American convicts perform plantation gang labor, not only to make the prison system profitable but also keep them involved in extractive agriculture. As the prison population grew, so did the abuse of convicts. The story of Texas’ penitentiary system shows the continuing tie between African-Americans, plantation labor, and racism in Texas, as well as other southern states. The sprawling farm system that developed in Texas made it unique in the South. When Progressive Era reformers confronted abuses in the Texas prison system, they had to contend with an overwhelming profit motive that made reform difficult, and warped reform measures they managed to push through the legislature. Among the initial goals of Texas prison reformers were an end to convict leasing and a ban on the use of the whip as punishment. The agenda of reformers collided with the goals of the Texas prison system, with unexpected results. Looking at reform measures after they passed the legislature illustrates how prison managers tried to circumvent regulations that hindered profitability.
A universal moire effect and application in X-ray phase-contrast imaging

A moire pattern is created by superimposing two black-and-white or gray-scale patterns of regular geometry, such as two sets of evenly spaced lines. We observed an analogous effect between two transparent phase masks in a light beam which occurs at a distance. This phase moire effect and the classic moire effect are shown to be the two ends of a continuous spectrum. The phase moire effect allows the detection of sub-resolution intensity or phase patterns with a transparent screen. When applied to x-ray imaging, it enables a polychromatic far-field interferometer (PFI) without absorption gratings. X-ray interferometry can non-invasively detect refractive index variations inside an object1-10. Current bench-top interferometers operate in the near field with limitations in sensitivity and x-ray dose efficiency2, 5, 7-10. The universal moire effect helps overcome these limitations and obviates the need to make hard x-ray absorption gratings of sub-micron periods.
Modeling of Saturated Iron-Core High Temperature Superconductive Fault Current Limiter and Research on Its Short-Circuit Characteristic

On the basis of establishing electromagnetic transient simulation model of saturated iron-core type high temperature superconductive fault current limiters(SR-SFCL), the post-short-circuit transient process is quantitatively calculated, and the features of voltages and currents of primary winding and excitation winding and their interrelation are researched in depth; the limiting effects of SR-SFCL on initial value of AC component of short current, impact current and steady state short-circuit current are analyzed. Research results show that SR-SFCL can well limit the steady state short-circuit current; the key factor to fully play the role of SR-SFCL is to shorten the de-excitation time of excitation circuit, and the de-excitation time is closely related to such factors as primary current, the value of field-suppressing resistor and so on.
Comparison of AIDS knowledge,attitude and behavior(KAB) between medical and non-medical university students

Objective To evaluate AIDS KAB among medical and non-medical university students.Methods 472 students were sampled from grade 1,2 and 3 in a medicine college and a non-medicine university in Shandong Province.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among those sampled students by self-designed questionnaire.Results Among all the surveyed students,over 80% of them had the knowledge of AIDS transmission routes,prevention,diagnosis and treatment.Medical students were significantly better than non-medical students in the judgment aspects that stringed by mosquito and sharing plunge bath won't spread AIDS(P0.05).Medical students were more apt to keep friends with AIDS infectors and attended propagandistic activity for AIDS prevention than non-medical students(P0.05).They would also like to volunteer donating blood and have sex without condom(P0.05).Conclusion The surveyed students have mastered lots of AIDS knowledge,but medical and non-medical students are lack of consciousness and skills about health care and AIDS prevention.Efficient work should be done according to the characteristic of students in AIDS prevention health education field.
Method of group evaluation based on two phases-bargaining

Aiming at the inconsistent circumstances which exist in alternatives evaluation conclusions of different experts(or stakeholders),a method of group evaluation based on two phases-bargaining aggregation is proposed to solve the inconsistency.First,the views of group are divided based on the information given by the bargaining groups,then the courses of two phases-bargaining are conducted on inner-group views and inter-group views,respectively.The method has the characteristics of coordinated groups of the inconsistency views(or interests) and optimizing groups' evaluation conclusions and so on.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
a few thinking of Impact vocational education arts curriculum quality

Higher vocational education is an important part of higher education,is training with some academic knowledge and practical ability,for the enterprise,for the grass roots,and the first line occupational status and management of technology-based talent(senior skilled personnel and technicians talents) as the goal of vocational education,higher vocational and technical education is the stage.However,there are many factors that affect and restrict the quality of the course,lack of curriculum resources is one of its salient features.
Sexual Assault: What Every Emergency Provider Needs to Know.

Approximately one in three women and one in thirty men will be sexually assaulted at some point in their lives. While fewer than half of the survivors of sexual assault seek medical care, the majority of those who do are evaluated in emergency departments. Providing comprehensive care of sexually assaulted patients requires knowledge of the complex medical, psychological, and legal needs of this unique and vulnerable population. Unfortunately, formal education regarding best practices in providing care for victims of sexual assault is lacking in emergency medicine (EM) training. In this 30-minute video, we will review the epidemiology of sexual assault; present the current state of sexual assault education in EM; highlight interventions essential to the care of sexually assaulted patients; and provide concrete strategies to systemically improve care for these patients. Additionally, learners will become familiar with the practical steps of performing a sexual assault evidence collection kit; understand the indications for post-exposure testing and prophylaxis; and review appropriate referral for follow-up for sexually assaulted patients. LINK TO VIDEO: https://vimeo.com/162540864 PASSWORD: perls This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en
The Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy (LATE) Trial: Impact and Implications

Thrombolytic therapy has been convincingly demonstrated to open occluded coronary arteries, limit infarct size, preserve left ventricular function and reduce mortality when given within the first six hours of acute myocardial infarction (1). It is generally accepted that the closer to the onset of symptoms the thrombolytic agent is administered, the greater the amount of myocardium that is salvaged and the greater the clinical benefit (2). Because until recently it was felt that the primary mechanism of the clinical benefit of reperfusion was entirely through myocardial salvage, the maximum length of time following symptom onset that thrombolytic treatment should remain beneficial has been controversial.
The de facto US energy policy: A strategic perspective

This paper presents a model of a de facto energy policy for the United States. The model is based on current data on petroleum world production and consumption. It is composed of the main building blocks of a strategic policy model of a business enterprise, and includes assumptions, objectives, alternatives and implementation. This paper suggests that the recent actions by the United States in the area of managing and planning energy resources, in particular petroleum resources, constitute a de facto policy with coherent and logical strategic implications.
Solid Wood—Timber Assessment Market Model (TAMM)

TAMM simulates behavior in the markets for solid wood products (lumber and wood-based panels) and sawtimber stumpage. TAMM is a spatial equilibrium model that projects market solutions one period at a time. Prod- uct demand is disaggregated into numerous end-use categories and recognizes contemporaneous price-based substitution between different classes of solid wood products. Product supply is derived from a restricted production function form to allow exogenous projection of product recovery factors. Capacity change over time is based on an accelerator approach adjusted for expected future returns. Sawtimber-stumpage supply relations derive from intertemporal profit and utility maximization objectives for industrial and nonindustrial private owners, respec- tively. Equilibrium solutions are found using a "net revenue maximization" appro- ach constrained to meet conditions for a spatial equilibrium. A concluding literature review compares the TAMM structure with other approaches to modeling the solid wood sector.
Altered expression and modulation of the two-pore-domain (K2P) mechanogated potassium channel TREK-1 in overactive human detrusor.

Detrusor overactivity (DO) is the abnormal response of the urinary bladder to physiological stretch during the filling phase of the micturition cycle. The mechanisms of bladder smooth muscle compli...
Suitability of the forearm for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in children.

BACKGROUND Measurement of forearm blood pressure (BP) in pediatric patients during general anesthesia is periodically employed despite a lack of evidence for this practice. Upper arm BP measurement may be impossible to perform for either patient or surgical reasons, and the forearm has theoretical benefits over the lower leg when an alternate site is required. We hypothesize that forearm BP measurement provides an accurate and reliable alternative to the upper arm. Published adult data do not support this hypothesis, and the little pediatric data published contain methodological shortcomings. METHODS A dedicated, externally calibrated noninvasive oscillometer was used to compare BP measurements in the upper arm and ipsilateral forearm of pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia prior to application of a surgical stimulus. Both upper arm BP and ipsilateral forearm BP were sequentially measured 20 seconds apart on 3 separate occasions with an appropriately sized cuff. The systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were recorded under steady-state conditions. RESULTS Thirty-five elective surgical patients aged 1 to 10 years were studied. The bias (±limits of agreement) for forearm minus upper arm blood pressures were as follows: mean BP -1.3 mm Hg (±7.2), diastolic BP -3.3 (±5.3), and systolic BP +3.2 mm Hg (±8.3). Differences greater than ±5 mm Hg occurred in 59% (systolic BP), 42% (diastolic BP), and 46% (mean BP) of all observations and greater than ±10 mm Hg in 17% (systolic BP), 8.6% (diastolic BP), and 15% (mean BP). CONCLUSION The differences within mean ±1.96 standard deviations reside considerably outside the clinically accepted tolerance of ±5 mm Hg. Thus, the forearm may not be used interchangeably with upper limb BP readings in anesthetized healthy children. Future use of the forearm for BP measurement requires a validated anthropomorphically appropriate forearm cuff.
A fingerprint of the epileptogenic zone in human epilepsies

Defining a bio-electrical marker for the brain area responsible for initiating a seizure remains an unsolved problem. Fast gamma activity has been identified as the most specific marker for seizure onset, but conflicting results have been reported. In this study, we describe an alternative marker, based on an objective description of interictal to ictal transition, with the aim of identifying a time-frequency pattern or 'fingerprint' that can differentiate the epileptogenic zone from areas of propagation. Seventeen patients who underwent stereoelectroencephalography were included in the study. Each had seizure onset characterized by sustained gamma activity and were seizure-free after tailored resection or laser ablation. We postulated that the epileptogenic zone was always located inside the resection region based on seizure freedom following surgery. To characterize the ictal frequency pattern, we applied the Morlet wavelet transform to data from each pair of adjacent intracerebral electrode contacts. Based on a visual assessment of the time-frequency plots, we hypothesized that a specific time-frequency pattern in the epileptogenic zone should include a combination of (i) sharp transients or spikes; preceding (ii) multiband fast activity concurrent; with (iii) suppression of lower frequencies. To test this hypothesis, we developed software that automatically extracted each of these features from the time-frequency data. We then used a support vector machine to classify each contact-pair as being within epileptogenic zone or not, based on these features. Our machine learning system identified this pattern in 15 of 17 patients. The total number of identified contacts across all patients was 64, with 58 localized inside the resected area. Subsequent quantitative analysis showed strong correlation between maximum frequency of fast activity and suppression inside the resection but not outside. We did not observe significant discrimination power using only the maximum frequency or the timing of fast activity to differentiate contacts either between resected and non-resected regions or between contacts identified as epileptogenic versus non-epileptogenic. Instead of identifying a single frequency or a single timing trait, we observed the more complex pattern described above that distinguishes the epileptogenic zone. This pattern encompasses interictal to ictal transition and may extend until seizure end. Its time-frequency characteristics can be explained in light of recent models emphasizing the role of fast inhibitory interneurons acting on pyramidal cells as a prominent mechanism in seizure triggering. The pattern clearly differentiates the epileptogenic zone from areas of propagation and, as such, represents an epileptogenic zone 'fingerprint'.awx306media15687076823001.
The relationship between robustness and evolution

Developmental robustness (canalization) is a common attribute of traits in multi-cellular organisms. High robustness ensures the reproducibility of phenotypes in the face of environmental and developmental noise, but it also dampens the expression of genetic mutation, the fuel for adaptive evolution. A reduction in robustness may therefore be adaptive under certain evolutionary scenarios. To better understand how robustness influences phenotypic evolution, and to decipher conditions under which canalization itself evolves, a genetic model was constructed in which phenotype is explicitly represented as a collection of traits, calculated from genotype, and the degree of robustness can be explicitly controlled. The genes were subjected to mutation, altering phenotype and fitness. We then simulated the dynamics of a population evolving under two classes of initial conditions, one in which the population is at a fitness optimum and one in which it is far away. The model is formulated with two robustness parameters in the genotype to phenotype map, controlling robustness over a tight (γ) or a broad (α) range of values. Within the robustness range determined by γ, high robustness results in an equilibrium population fitness closer to the optimal fitness value than low robustness. High robustness should be favored, therefore, under a constant optimal environment. This situation reverses when populations are challenged to evolve to a new phenotype optimum. In this situation, low robustness populations adapt faster than high robustness populations and reach higher equilibrium mean fitness. A larger set of phenotypes are accessible by mutation when robustness is low, in part explaining why low robustness is favored under this condition. A larger range of robustness could be sampled by varying α, revealing a complex relationship between robustness and both the initial rate of phenotypic adaptation as well as the final equilibrium population mean fitness. Intermediate values of α produced a bifurcation in evolutionary trajectories, wit some populations remaining at low population mean fitness, and others escaping to achieve high population mean fitness. We then allowed robustness itself to be encoded by a mutable genetic locus that could co-evolve along with the phenotype under selection. Low robustness genotypes are initially favored when adapting to a new optimal phenotype. A high robustness genotype then replaces it, well before maximum fitness is achieved, and moreover appears to prevent further invasion into the population of a low-robustness genotype. This phenomenon was dependent on having tight linkage (and sufficiently low mutation rate) between the robustness locus and the loci encoding phenotype.
The Cartesian Psychology of Antoine Le Grand

In the Aristotelian curriculum, De anima or the study of the soul fell under the rubric of physics. This area of study covered the vital (“vegetative”), sensitive, and rational powers of the soul. Descartes’ substance dualism restricted reason or intellect, and conscious sensation, to human minds. Having denied mind to nonhuman animals, Descartes was required to explain all animal behavior using material mechanisms possessing only the properties of size, shape, position, and motion. Within the framework of certainty provided by the metaphysical foundations of his physics, he posited such mechanisms in accordance with appropriately lessened standards of certainty. As Cartesianism (or the Cartesian revolution) spread, adherents offered survey textbooks or treatises of physics to replace the corresponding Aristotelian curriculum. These books typically discussed the role of experience in physics and the appropriate standard of certainty. A comprehensive Cartesian natural philosophy needed to mechanize the offices of the Aristotelian sensitive soul, including sense perception, memory, and cognitive and appetitive responses to the environment. Descartes’ Treatise on Man (1664) offered an initial explanatory program. This chapter examines the role of experience in the natural philosophy and mechanistic psychology of Descartes’ English follower Antoine Le Grand. He offered detailed accounts of the sensory and motor mechanisms shared by human and nonhuman animals (for which he claimed “physical certainty”). These frame his Cartesian psychology.
Building Tremor Journal: Examining the Costs of Open Access Publishing

The Center for Digital Research and Scholarship (CDRS) was established in 2007 by the Columbia University Libraries/ Information Services (CUL/IS) to explore and provision new research support services for the university in all areas of scholarly communication, including online scholarly publishing. (Renfro and Neal, 2012) As the landscape for library publishing has continued to grow, CDRS has found an increasing level of demand for library-based support of publishing initiatives from within the University and beyond. Because of CDRS’ unique position as an organization housed within the existing CUL/IS infrastructure, the Center has access to a great deal of resources and support systems that have enabled it to provide a full suite of services in support of library-based publishing, including the publication of Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (TOHM) journal (http://www.tremorjournal.org/), a fully open access scientific journal based on the Open Journal Systems (OJS) software. Using CDRS' publication and support of TOHM as a case study, this presentation will examine the costs involved in publishing an open access journal, moving beyond the basic setup and execution of a journal website capable of incorporating a peer-review workflow to look in detail at the specific essential services CDRS provides, including: Software development, hosting, and maintenance: The Center continually works to develop on top of the OJS software to customize the web site to allow for full journal publication workflow, including the build of a plugin to work with third-party vendors. Indexing support: In an effort to uphold the journal’s contribution to the scientific community, CDRS has successfully undertaken application for indexing in PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/), and continues to maintain this relationship. Finance management: Through the Center’s relationship with the library finance office, CDRS manages the journal’s finances, including author fees, waivers, and the incorporation of third-party funding and grants to the journal. Research and Development: A constant aspect of CDRS’ support for open-access publication through TOHM is the task of keeping abreast of new opportunities for enhancing the scholarly content through new software tools and platforms; metadata optimization and SEO tools; and methods for integration with the broader scientific research community. The support of TOHM speaks to the Center’s strategy for securing paths for the open access to scholarly research. Additionally, as exemplified by the Library Publishing Coalition’s (LPC) goal to “refine justification and positioning for library-based publishing activities,” (“LPC Project Deliverables”) it provides a useful mechanism for analysis of the opportunities the greater research library community has in the support of scholarly research publication.
Some Effects of Medium Constituents on the Growth of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in the Presence of n-Heptyl p-Hydroxybenzoate

(1970). Some Effects of Medium Constituents on the Growth of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in the Presence of n-Heptyl p-Hydroxybenzoate. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 28, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1970, pp. 168-175.