cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cells of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE To use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cell nuclei (interphase FISH) of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 4, 2007, and December 4, 2008, interphase FISH was used to study paraffin-embedded preparations of tissue obtained from 18 patients listed in the Mayo Clinic Biospecimen Resource for Pancreas Research with a confirmed diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, or pancreas without evidence of neoplasia. FISH probes were used for chromosome loci of APC (see glossary at end of article for expansion of all gene symbols), BRCA2, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, CDKN2A, TP53, TYMP, and TYMS . These FISH probes were used with control probes to distinguish among various kinds of chromosome abnormalities of number and structure. RESULTS FISH abnormalities were observed in 12 (80%) of 15 patients with pancreatic cancer: 5 of 5 patients with acinar cell carcinoma, 5 of 5 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma, and 2 (40%) of 5 patients with islet cell carcinoma. All 3 specimens of pancreatic tissue without neoplasia had normal FISH results. Gains of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 occurred in each tumor with acinar cell carcinoma but in none of the other tumors in this study. FISH abnormalities of all other cancer genes studied were observed in all forms of pancreatic tumors in this investigation. CONCLUSION FISH abnormalities of CTNNB1 due to trisomy 3 were observed only in acinar cell carcinoma. FISH abnormalities of genes implicated in familial cancer, tumor progression, and the 5-fluorouracil pathway were common but were not associated with specific types of pancreatic cancer.
Temperature dependence of the inter- and intragranular components of the complex permeability in a sintered YBa2Cu3O7−δ cylinder: two transition temperatures

Abstract For a cylindrical rod of sintered polycrystalline YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ , measurements are reported for the complex AC permeability μ−μat H DC =0 as a function of the amplitude H 1 of an applied AC field and for temperatures in the range 77.3 T μ ( H 1 ) are observed, corresponding to the penetration fields H ;( T ) and H ;( T ) for the intra- and intergranular components of the sample, respectively. These penetration fields and the critical current densities J c . g ( T ) and J c . g ( T ) derived from them by a generalized critical state model, extrapolate to zero at the temperatures T cg =91.2 K and T cj =86.6 K. The upper critical temperature is that of the intrinsic grain material. The lower temperature is interpreted as that below which the grain order parameter phase becomes coherent throughout the sample. The value of ( T cg − T cj ) can be understood from models (Shih, Ebner and Stroud Clem) of a random 3D matrix of grains pressed into contact through Josephson weak links.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES ON FROG SKIN.

1. The P.D. between the two surfaces of the skin of the frog, when measured under standardized conditions, may be used as a means of studying the phenomena of injury, recovery, and death. Injurious conditions decrease the P.D. 2. According to the severity of the injury produced by temporary exposure to high temperatures, frog skin may show, as judged by this criterion (a) complete recovery, (b) partial recovery, or (c) a progressive change leading to death.
Development and Evaluation of a Cockpit Decision-Aid for Emergency Trajectory Generation

The application of intelligent cockpit systems is examined to aid air transport pilots at the task of planning and then following a safe four-dimensional trajectory to the runway threshold during emergencies. The design of a proof-of-concept system is described, including the use of embedded fast-time simulation to predict the trajectory dee ned by a series of discrete actions, the models of aircraft and pilot dynamics required by the system, and the pilot interface. Then results of a e ight simulator evaluation with airline pilots are detailed. In 6 of 72 simulator runs, pilots were not able to establish a stable e ight path on localizer and glideslope, suggesting a need for cockpit aids. However, results also suggest that, to be operationally feasible, such an aid must be capable of suggesting safe trajectories to the pilot; an aid that only verie ed plans entered by the pilot was found to have signie cantly detrimental effects on performance and pilot workload. Results also highlight that the trajectories suggested by the aid must capture the context of the emergency; for example, in some emergencies pilots were willing to violate e ight envelope limits to reduce time in e ight, in other emergencies the opposite was found.
Workflows in a secure environment

Petascale simulations on the largest supercomputers in the US require advanced data management techniques in order to optimize the application scientist time, and to optimize the time spent on the supercomputers. Researchers in such problems are starting to require workflow automation during their simulations in order to monitor the simulations, and in order to automate many of the complex analysis which must take place from the data that is generated from these simulations. Scientific workflows are being used to monitor simulations running on these supercomputers by applying a series of complex analysis, and finally producing images and movies from the variables produced in the simulation, or from the derived quantities produced by the analysis. The typical scenario is where the large calculation runs on the supercomputer, and the auxiliary diagnostics/monitors are run on resources, which are either on the local area network of the supercomputer, or over the wide area network. The supercomputers at one of the largest centers are highly secure, and the only method to log into the center is interactive authentication by using One Time Passwords (OTP) that are generated by a security device and expire in half a minute. Therefore, grid certificates are not a current option on these machines in the Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In this paper we describe how we have extended the Kepler scientific workflow management system to be able to run operations on these supercomputers, how workflows themselves can be executed as batch jobs, and finally, how external data-transfer operations can be utilized when they need to perform authentication for their own as well.
Fluorescent Probes in the Study of the Extended Sites of Proteinases

Studies on the kinetics of the cleavage of oligopeptide substrates by pepsin, together with the examination of the changes in fluorescence of dansyl or mansyl peptides upon interaction with pepsin or pepsinogen, give further evidence of the importance of secondary interactions of such substrates with the extended active site of the enzyme and indicate considerable conformational flexibility at the active site of pepsin in response to enzyme–substrate interaction.
Nanotoxicology: a personal perspective

Nanoparticles arise from a wide variety of natural and man-made sources and have a diverse array of biological, chemical, and physical properties. The toxicity of these particles can be roughly divided into two categories: 1) the enhanced delivery of toxic agents 2) toxicity induced the properties of the particle itself. The use of nanoparticles to provide enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutics is presented followed by a discussion of the size-based effects of electron transfer and physical membrane disruption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Informal learning in SME majors for African American female undergraduates

This research investigates how eight undergraduate African American women in science, math, and engineering (SME) majors accessed cultural capital and informal science learning opportunities from preschool to college. It uses the multiple case study methodological approach and cultural capital as the framework to better understand their opportunities to engage in free-choice science learning. The article demonstrates that African American women have access to cultural capital and informal science learning inside and outside of home and school environments in P-16 settings. In primary and secondary schools, African American girls acquire cultural capital and access to free-choice science learning in the home environment, museums, science fairs, student organizations and clubs. However, in high school African American female teenagers have fewer informal science learning opportunities like those such as those provided in primary school settings. In college, cultural capital is transmitted through informal science learning that consisted of involvement in student organizations, research projects, seminars, and conferences. These experiences contributed to their engagement and persistence in SME fields in K-16 settings. This research adds to cultural capital and informal science learning research by allowing scholars to better understand how African American women have opportunities to learn about the hidden curriculum of science through informal science settings throughout the educational pipeline.
Early Christianity and the Discourse of Empire in the First Three Centuries CE

Did the setting of the Roman Empire make a difference to the way that early Christian texts defined or, more precisely, invented the religion of Christianity? If so, are traces of this difference perceptible in the writings of early Christians? The scholarship assembled here, generally speaking, answers both questions affirmatively: the context of empire affected the way that early Christians talked about themselves, others, and the world they inhabited. The study of the self-definition of early Christians, this research contends, cannot be undertaken without recognizing the distinctive kinds of knowledge (of Self and Other) engendered by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire. The work is separated out under three rubrics: spectacle, borderlines, and mimicry. These categories reflect patterns that have emerged in the study of early Christian texts as they contributed to, appropriated, refracted, and resisted the discourse of empire in the first three centuries of the Common Era.
Drug delivery using novel nanoplexes against a Salmonella mouse infection model

A novel methodology for incorporating gentamicin into macromolecular complexes with anionic homo- and block copolymers via cooperative electrostatic interactions is described. Block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide-b-sodium acrylate) (PEO-b-PAA− +Na) or poly(ethylene oxide-b-sodium methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMA− +Na) were blended with PAA− Na+ and complexed with the polycationic antibiotic gentamicin. Gentamicin nanoplexes made with PEO-b-PMA− +Na/PAA− +Na (PMPG) and analogous nanoplexes with PEO-b-PAA− +Na/PAA− +Na (PAPG) had mean intensity average diameters of 120 and 90 nm, zeta potentials of −17 and −11 mv, and incorporated 26% and 23% by weight of gentamicin, respectively. Gentamicin release rates at physiological pH from nanoplexes were relatively slow. PAPG and PMPG as drug delivery systems for treating murine salmonellosis at doses similar to the free gentamicin experiments resulted in reduced numbers of viable bacteria in the liver and spleen. Polymeric nanoplexes developed by this methodology can potentially improve targeting of intracellular pathogens.
Examination of potential improvements to high energy transport codes

Abstract We consider interactions between 0.2–2.6 GeV protons on Au as a benchmark. We examine whether the utilization of improved intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation models improve the agreement between the codes and experimental data.
Gasdynamics and Chemistry in The Pulsed Laser Deposition of Oxide Dielectric Thin Films

In the context of “chemistry and its effects on film quality,” we and a number of other research groups have developed spectroscopic and modeling approaches to better define the pulsed laser deposition process. An overview of these approaches is given here, using the results of recent work performed in our laboratory on the oxide dielectric systems of BaTiO3 and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3(PZT).
A Hierarchical NGF Signaling Cascade Controls Ret-Dependent and Ret-Independent Events during Development of Nonpeptidergic DRG Neurons

SUMMARY NGFcontrolssurvival,differentiation,andtarget innervation of both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic DRG sensory neurons. The common receptor for GDNF family ligands, Ret, is highly expressed in nonpeptidergic neurons, but its function during development of these neurons is unclear. Here, we show that expression of Ret and its coreceptors GFRa1 and GFRa2 is dependent on NGF. GFR/Ret signaling, in turn, autoregulates expression of both GFRa1 and GFRa2 and promotes expression of TrpA1, MrgA1, MrgA3 ,a ndMrgB4, acquisition of normal neuronal size, axonal innervation of the epidermis, and postnatal extinction of the NGF receptor TrkA. Moreover, NGF controls expression of several other genes characteristic of nonpeptidergicneurons,suchasTrpC3,TrpM8, MrgD, and the transcription factor Runx1, via a Ret-independent signaling pathway. These findings support a model in which NGF controls maturation of nonpeptidergic DRG neurons through a combination of GFR/Ret-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
The effect of habitat heterogeneity on species diversity patterns: a community-level approach using an object-oriented landscape simulation model (SHALOM)

Abstract Major progress has been made recently in our understanding of large-scale ecological processes and patterns. Here, a spatially explicit, multi-species, process-based, object-oriented landscape simulation model (SHALOM) is described that is built upon major lessons from fields such as metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology. Consistent with the current landscape ecology terminology, SHALOM has physical classes (landscape, habitat, cell, patch) and biological classes (population, species, community). Each class has functions and characteristics that are strongly based on ecological realism. Processes of SHALOM are modelled on local and global scales. At the local scale, populations grow continuously, and are affected by: (1) a community-level saturation effect (ratio between energy consumed by all populations in a patch and the energy offered by that patch); (2) a species-habitat match (match between a species' niche space and the patch's habitat space); and (3) demographic stochasticity (inverse population-size dependent residuals from deterministic birth and death rates). The global-scale processes of the model include fitness-optimizing migration and catastrophic stochasticity (disturbance) that can be controlled for its probability, intensity, and spatial range. The processes of the model use allometric relationships and energy as a common currency to bridge differences between species of different body sizes located in habitats of different productivities. These processes also allow both intraspecific and interspecific effects to take place simultaneously without assuming a specific relationship between the two. Hence, SHALOM, with its functions and procedures, opens new opportunities to study combined ecosystem, community and population processes. Simulation results given in the paper on species composition and diversity show that the integration of interspecific competition, demographic stochasticity and dispersal revealed different predictions when different combinations of these processes were used. One novel prediction was that the complex relationship between dispersal and demographic stochasticity caused the global extinction of the largest species. This, in turn, might have further implications for conservation. Overall, the model represents a synthetic approach that provides ways to explore high-level ecological complexity and suggests predictions for future studies of macroecological questions.
Decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 in renal cell carcinoma

Par-4 is a widely expressed leucine zipper protein that confers sensitization to apoptosis induced by exogenous insults. Because the expression of genes that promote apoptosis may be down-regulated during tumorigenesis, we sought to examine the expression of Par-4 in human tumors. We present here evidence that Par-4 protein levels were severely decreased in human renal cell carcinoma specimens relative to normal tubular cells. Replenishment of Par-4 protein levels in renal cell carcinoma cell lines conferred sensitivity to apoptosis. Because apoptosis may serve as a defense mechanism against malignant transformation or progression, decreased expression of Par-4 may contribute to the pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma.
"The devil is in the wires:" PacMedNet lessons learned

The Pacific Medical Network (PacMedNet) is a system designed to collect patient data from medical treatment facilities around the world, and to present a structured view of the data to the requesting physician. One of the objectives of PacMedNet is to incorporate leading-edge technologies and document the lessons learned from the use of those technologies. During three phases spanning three years, the PacMedNet capability was used in major military exercises and was demonstrated to key members of Congress and the military medical community. Each exercise and demonstration yielded lessons learned and later versions of the product adapted the related. By far the most prominent educational experience was in the area of communications. Because of learning that "The Devil is in the wires," the PacMedNet communications philosophy migrated from an optimistic strategy of communications availability to one of pessimism. The change in strategy served PacMedNet well, particularly in the forward echelons of care where communications are, at best, unstable. In addition, the PacMedNet wide area network (WAN) communications capability benefited greatly from the change in philosophy. This paper recounts lessons learned and details how PacMedNet developed the ability to overcome problematic WAN connectivity, crucial to the movement of patient data to the physician's desktop.
Identifying an ovarian cancer cell hierarchy regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 2

Whether human cancer follows a hierarchical or stochastic model of differentiation is controversial. Furthermore, the factors that regulate cancer stem-like cell (CSC) differentiation potential are largely unknown. We used a novel microfluidic single-cell culture method to directly observe the differentiation capacity of four heterogeneous ovarian cancer cell populations defined by the expression of the CSC markers aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD133. We evaluated 3,692 progeny from 2,833 cells. We found that only ALDH(+)CD133(+) cells could generate all four ALDH(+/-)CD133(+/-) cell populations and identified a clear branched differentiation hierarchy. We also observed a single putative stochastic event. Within the hierarchy of cells, bone morphologenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is preferentially expressed in ALDH(-)CD133(-) cells. BMP2 promotes ALDH(+)CD133(+) cell expansion while suppressing the proliferation of ALDH(-)CD133(-) cells. As such, BMP2 suppressed bulk cancer cell growth in vitro but increased tumor initiation rates, tumor growth, and chemotherapy resistance in vivo whereas BMP2 knockdown reduced CSC numbers, in vivo growth, and chemoresistance. These data suggest a hierarchical differentiation pattern in which BMP2 acts as a feedback mechanism promoting ovarian CSC expansion and suppressing progenitor proliferation. These results explain why BMP2 suppresses growth in vitro and promotes growth in vivo. Together, our results support BMP2 as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Innovation Strategies Combined

A brief discussion of the pros and cons of four different approaches to innovation and how these strategies are likely to interact when used in tandem. The four approaches discussed are recruiting and retaining superior human capital, internal R&D spending, strategic alliance, and acquisitions.
Nitrogen-Containing Constituents of Black Cohosh: Chemistry, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activities.

The roots/rhizomes of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L. syn. Cimicifuga racemosa [L]. Nutt., Ranunculaceae) have been used traditionally by Native Americans to treat colds, rheumatism, and a variety of conditions related to women’s health. In recent years black cohosh preparations have become popular dietary supplements among women seeking alternative treatments for menopausal complaints. The popularity of the plant has led to extensive phytochemical and biological investigations, including several clinical trials. Most of the phytochemical and biological research has focused on two abundant classes of compounds: the triterpene glycosides and phenolic acids. A third group of phytoconstituents that has received far less attention consists of the alkaloids and related compounds that contain nitrogen. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry and biological activities associated with this group of constituents and provides some perspective on their significance for future research on this interesting plant.
A LOGIC-BASED NETWORK FORENSIC MODEL FOR EVIDENCE ANALYSIS

Many attackers tend to use sophisticated multi-stage and/or multi-host attack techniques and anti-forensic tools to cover their traces. Due to the limitations of current intrusion detection and network forensic analysis tools, reconstructing attack scenarios from evidence left behind by attackers of enterprise systems is challenging. In particular, reconstructing attack scenarios using intrusion detection system alerts and system logs that have too many false positives is a big challenge.
Â¬Sgreeningâ¬? Facilities: Hermes Microtech, Inc.

The process of identifying more efficient, less costly, and more environmentally friendly ways to build a facility is complicated, especially for a company such as Hermes, a (fictitious) microchip company that uses special "clean rooms" in manufacturing. This case presents opportunities for stakeholder analysis, a discussion of strategic thinking, and an exploration of the complex issues involved in "greening" a physical plant.
Quetiapine-induced hypertriglyceridaemia causing acute pancreatitis.

Second-generation antipsychotics have well-known metabolic side effects such as hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. A middle-aged man presented with epigastric and flank pain associated with nausea, and was noted to have elevated triglycerides (3590 mg/dL or 40.53 mmol/L), lipase and glucose. Haematological parameters revealed neutropenia with pancytopaenia. The patient was started on conservative management for acute pancreatitis, and on intravenous insulin and oral gemfibrozil for lowering of his triglycerides. He gradually improved and was transitioned to oral atorvastatin and fenofibrate. His triglycerides, glucose and leucocyte counts normalised at discharge and he was transitioned to ziprasidone. The combination of hypertriglyceridaemia, worsening hyperglycaemia and neutropenia made us suspect quetiapine as the causative agent. Medications cause only 0.1–7% of acute pancreatitis cases, with quetiapine implicated in only five-reported cases. Hypertriglyceridaemia (>600 mg/dL or 6.77 mmol/L) is frequently reported with quetiapine use, but severe hypertriglyceridaemia (>1000 mg/dL or 11.29 mmol/L) has been reported in
Observations and Analyses of Shear‐Wave Splitting in the Geothermal Field at Hengill, Iceland

Several volcanic centers, active and extinct, are located within Iceland. One of them is the Hengill volcanic center, which lies on the plate boundary between the North American and the European crustal plates in southwestern Iceland. The rifting of the two plates has opened a north‐northeast‐trending system of normal faults with frequent magma intrusions. The Hengill central volcano and its transecting fissure swarm, extending 70–80 km long from the coast south of Hengill to north of Lake Thingvallavatn with an associated graben structure, form the Hengill volcanic system. The Hengill central volcano is currently active and is the main volcanic production focus of the area associated with a high‐temperature geothermal field. In Nesjavellir, in the northern part of the Hengill area, a 400 MW geothermal power plant has been in operation since 1987. Another active but less pronounced volcanic system, the Hromundartindur volcanic system, lies at the eastern edge of the Hengill system, outside the Hengill fissure swarm. The area near Mount Hromundartindur can be classified as the central volcano of this system; it is a separate focus of volcanic production with high geothermal activity. Fracture detection by shear‐wave splitting (SWS) is an exploration method of proven reliability and unique imaging power. The method is based on the fact that a shear wave propagating through rocks with stress‐aligned microcracks will split into two waves: a fast one polarized parallel to the predominant crack direction, and a slow one polarized perpendicular to it (Crampin, 1981, 1984; Babuska and Cara, 1991). Recent major studies of SWS include Peng and Ben‐Zion (2004) and Johnson et al. (2011), among many others. Two important parameters are associated with an SWS event: the polarization direction of the fast shear …
Contemporary North American Narrative Fiction and the Landscapes of Neoliberalism: The Explosion of Corporate Capitalism and the Spaces of the Fallen American Middle Class

American authors have been textually grappling for generations with the innovations in the evolution of capitalism that would in time usher the neoliberal social order into being. On the outer cusp of the explosion of large trusts and then corporations that would sweep through the country and transform the structure of its economy from roughly the end of Reconstruction to the Great Depression (Beatty 127–128), Herman Melville’s Moby Dick (1851) warned of the dangers of the joint-stock limited liability model of ownership1 that vests practically unlimited authority — but no restraint born of moral, ethical, or environmental considerations — upon the enterprise leader in order to maximize profits. Under the guise of responsibility to its shareholders (‘widows and orphans, many of them’ Captain Bildad claims in a grab or moral legitimacy), the managers of the Pequod underpay its laborers (74–75) and put the megalomaniacal, revenge-bent Ahab in charge of the ship due to his reputation for killing valuable sperm whales, with disastrous consequences for all. At the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, Frank Norris penned works like The Octopus (1901), revealing the backroom machinations of corporate monopolies and the forms of misery visited upon the working class as a result of them, while Theodore Dreiser explored the vicissitudes and schemes of the American financier in his Trilogy of Desire (The Financier [1912], The Titan [1914], and The Stoic [1947]).
Patterns of Free-form Curation: Visual Thinking with Web Content

Web curation involves choosing, organizing, and commenting on content. Popular web curation apps-- e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest-- provide linear feeds that show people the latest content, but provide little support for articulating relationships among content elements. The new medium of free-form web curation enables multimedia elements to be spontaneously gathered from the web, written about, sketched amidst, manipulated, and visually assembled in a continuous space. Through free-form web curation, content is collected, interpreted, and arranged, creating context. We conducted a field study of 1581 students in 6 courses, spanning diverse fields. We derive patterns of free-form curation through a visual grounded theory analysis of the resulting dataset of 4426 curations. From the observed range of invocations of the patterns in the performance of ideation tasks, we conclude that free-form is valuable as a new medium of web curation in how it supports creative visual thinking.
Maximum Likelihood and Other Methods to Estimate Variables

In this chapter we study the problem of estimating parameters of the distribution function of a random variable when N observations of the variable are available. We discuss methods that establish what sample quantities must be calculated to estimate the corresponding parent quantities. This establishes a firm theoretical framework that justifies the definition of the sample variance as an unbiased estimator of the parent variance, and the sample mean as an estimator of the parent mean. One of these methods, the maximum likelihood method, will later be used in more complex applications that involve the fit of two-dimensional data and the estimation of fit parameters. The concepts introduced in this chapter constitute the core of the statistical techniques for the analysis of scientific data.
Promoting education from the bottom up

I am not an academic, just a foot soldier: I help out with the Children's University and as a Schools Science Ambassador, giving talks and demonstrations in physics. The recent £40m cuts in the budget of the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council (January p6) have created quite a stir in the academic community, with talk of a "brain drain". Those in the penthouse should come down to the basement, where they would see just how thin and fragile the scientific foundation is.
Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist-led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students.

Background and purpose To assess impact of a pharmacist-led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator. Method Prospective pre–post assessment of a 14-week educational intervention in an FNP program in the spring semester of 2014. Students participated in an online module of weekly patient cases and prescriptions emphasizing legal requirements, prescription accuracy, and appropriate therapy. A pharmacist facilitator provided formative feedback on students’ submissions. Participants completed a matched assessment on prescription writing before and after the module, and a retrospective postsurvey then presurvey to collect perceptions. Conclusion There was significant improvement in performance on error identification and demonstration of prescription elements from preassessment to postassessment (+17%, p < .001). The mean performance on both assessments was less than the 70% passing score. Students reported significant positive changes in perceptions, including all statements regarding their preparedness to prescribe and those addressing willingness to collaborate with pharmacists. Implications for practice Formative education on prescribing enhanced students’ understanding of safe and effective medication use with improved recognition and avoidance of prescribing errors, although it did not result in competency. Exposure to pharmacist expertise in this area may encourage collaboration in practice.
Fluid Shear Stress and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Increase Endothelial Cell-Associated Vitronectin

Vitronectin is a matricellular protein that plays an important role in both coagulation and angiogenesis through its effects on cell adhesion and the plasminogen system. Vitronectin is known to bind to endothelial cells upon integrin activation. However, the effect of integrin activation by shear stress and growth factors on cell-associated vitronectin and plasminogen system activity has not yet been studied. We therefore exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to steady laminar flow, oscillating disturbed flow, or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) for 24 hours. We then measured cell-associated vitronectin by Western blot and plasminogen system activity using a Chromozym assay. Steady laminar flow, oscillating disturbed flow, and FGF-2 all increased cell-associated vitronectin, although the vitronectin molecular weight varied among the different conditions. FGF-2 also increased cell-associated vitronectin in microvascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The increase in cell-associated vitronectin increased plasminogen system activity. Confocal microscopy showed that vitronectin was primarily located in the basal and intracellular regions. αvβ5 integrin inhibition via genistein, an anti-αvβ5 antibody, or β5 siRNA knockdown abrogated the FGF-2-induced increase in cell-associated vitronectin and increased plasminogen system activity. These data show that shear stress and growth factors increase cell-associated vitronectin through integrin activation, which may affect coagulation and angiogenesis.
Artificial Organs and their Impact

While artificial kidneys are being applied to 40, 000 people throughout the world, the search for the molecules most responsible for the clinical picture of uremia goes on. We have always held that uremia is not due to a single toxin but to the summation of all the substances retained in kidney failure and other factors that occur as well.
C/EBP homologous protein expression regulates immunosuppressive activity in myeloid derived suppressor cells (TUM6P.1006)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses is a significant barrier in cancer immunotherapy. Although pathways controlling MDSC regulatory activity have been characterized, therapies to globally and specifically inhibit MDSC function are limited. Targeting central mediators of MDSC-regulatory activity may overcome T cell suppression and increase the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy. We investigated the role of the stress sensor C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) on MDSC function . Elevated Chop expression in tumor-bearing mice was restricted to malignant cells and tumor MDSCs. Chop elevation was also detected in tumor MDSCs from colon carcinoma patients. Interestingly, increased CD8 + T cell-mediated anti-tumor effects were found in both systemic Chop -/- and Chop -/- bone marrow chimeric mice bearing s.c. Chop-competent tumors, suggesting the importance of MDSC-Chop in tumor-induced T cell anergy. MDSCs from Chop -/- mice showed a decreased expression of major MDSC-inhibitory pathways, reduced inhibitory activity on T cells, and a surprising ability to prime T cell proliferation and induce anti-tumor effects. The reduced regulatory activity in Chop -/- MDSCs was caused by decreased IL-6 production, resulting from decreased C/EBPb activity. Altogether the results demonstrate a central role of Chop in MDSC inhibitory activity and suggest targeting Chop to restore protective immunity in cancer.
A low-power 10-bit multichannel analyzer chip for radiation detection

This paper presents the design and test results of a low-power 10-bit multichannel analyzer (MCA) chip for radiation detection. A low-power and event driven charge sensitive front-end and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are implemented together with a microcontroller on a single chip. This level of integration leads to a compact MCA that can process and build pulse height spectra when interfaced with a range of scintillator detectors, with the ability to digitally process the spectra using software running as embedded code. The design was fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology and tested to validate the approaches taken. The measured power consumption of the MCA is below 85 μW while detecting multiple radioisotopes.
Deep Semantic Text Hashing with Weak Supervision

With an ever increasing amount of data available on the web, fast similarity search has become the critical component for large-scale information retrieval systems. One solution is semantic hashing which designs binary codes to accelerate similarity search. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied to the semantic hashing problem and produces high-quality compact binary codes compared to traditional methods. However, most state-of-the-art semantic hashing approaches require large amounts of hand-labeled training data which are often expensive and time consuming to collect. The cost of getting labeled data is the key bottleneck in deploying these hashing methods. Motivated by the recent success in machine learning that makes use of weak supervision, we employ unsupervised ranking methods such as BM25 to extract weak signals from training data. We further introduce two deep generative semantic hashing models to leverage weak signals for text hashing. The experimental results on four public datasets show that our models can generate high-quality binary codes without using hand-labeled training data and significantly outperform the competitive unsupervised semantic hashing baselines.
Hybrid SVPWM Scheme to Minimize the Common-Mode Voltage Frequency and Amplitude in Voltage Source Inverter Drives

In this paper, a hybrid space vector pulsewidth modulation synthesis is proposed to lower the frequency and amplitude of the common-mode voltage (CMV). The conventional space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) techniques for inverters generate a high-frequency CMV. The CMV causes significant bearing current flowing through the path to the ground and leads to premature bearing failure, especially in high switching frequency drive systems. Furthermore, previously proposed CMV reduction studies focus on the reduction of CMV amplitude, leaving a high-frequency CMV. The proposed control algorithm divides each sector in the space vector hexagon into three segments based on the modulation index and the angle of the reference voltage vector. In each segment, the space vectors that produce minimal CMV are selected to synthesize the reference voltage vector. A fair comparison with the conventional CMV reduction methods is made by comparing the CMV characteristics, harmonic distortion factor, dc current ripple, and the switching losses for each method. Both simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Vitamin D and the Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and ensuring normal skeletal development and turnover. For many years, it was assumed that calcium was a passive bystander in bone biology, simply providing the substrate for deposition of bone mineral. Vitamin D, in contrast, in addition to ensuring absorption of sufficient calcium in the intestine, was thought to be essential for regulating bone cell function. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) ensures near constancy of the blood calcium concentration, principally through its actions in parathyroid and kidney. It was not initially thought to play significant roles in cartilage and bone. Selective knockout of the CaSR in chondrocytes or osteoblasts, however, produced an embryonic lethal phenotype and severely impaired osteoblast function, respectively. In contrast, the hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and rickets in mice with knockout of the VDR could be largely corrected simply by assuring adequate absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and therefore, normal serum levels of mineral ions. Available data now indicate that the CaSR plays key, nonredundant roles in parathyroid, kidney, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. The VDR, while essential for GI absorption of calcium when physiological levels are present in the intestine, plays secondary roles in calcium and bone homeostasis if serum levels of mineral ions are maintained at normal levels. Another recent development has been an increasing understanding of the importance of the CaSR and VDR in tissues uninvolved in Ca 2+ homeostasis, such as keratinocytes, in regulating a variety of functions in these cells, e.g., growth and differentiation.
Dietary Management of Propionic Acidemia: Parent Caregiver Perspectives and Practices.

Background Propionic acidemia (PA), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, has an estimated incidence of 1:105,000-130,000 in the United States.1,2 Nutrition management is a main intervention for PA. Research in inborn errors of metabolism such as phenylketonuria has identified association of parental perceptions and practices with dietary outcomes. Parental perceptions and practices in the nutrition management of PA have not been investigated. Objective To assess the dietary perceptions and practices of parental caregivers of children affected by PA. Methods PA parents were surveyed about perceptions and practices associated with feeding their affected child(ren). The single-page survey was anonymous, and responses to survey items were not identifiable. Parents provided information on how often they followed the prescribed diet and the rationale for any adjustments. Results Parents "always" or "most of the time" followed the prescribed diet for children 4-20 years of age; yet, open-ended responses indicated that 71.4% made situational adjustments to their child's diet for a variety of reasons, including illness, iatrogenic effects, and social events. Conclusions PA parents make situational adjustments to their child's highly specialized diet. Uncertainty exists as to the situational adjustments being within the guidelines used by the metabolic healthcare team who rely on parents to inform them about dietary situational adjustments.
Total solar eclipse effects on evapotranspiration captured by groundwater fluctuations in a Southern Appalachian fen

Solar eclipses provide opportunities to observe unusual natural phenomena. This paper presents data showing that diurnal groundwater fluctuations were briefly interrupted in a Southern Appalachian fen following a total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. Groundwater levels, which were rapidly declining in the middle of a summer afternoon, nearly stabilized following totality. This anomaly in the water‐level record was caused by reduced evapotranspiration (ET). ET was significantly lower (36% ± 11%, p 0.05). These findings may prompt evaluation of existing groundwater records along the path of totality from past eclipses or plan for studies ahead of future eclipses.
Within-day time-varying associations between motivation and movement-related behaviors in older adults

Abstract Objectives Emerging evidence suggests both motivation and movement-related behaviors vary within and across days. Yet common data analytic approaches assume static or consistent relationships between motivation and behavior across time. Just as motivation and behavior change across time, so too might associations between motivation and behavior. This study will apply time-varying effect modeling to Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data to examine time of day differences in how motivational constructs predict older adults’ subsequent movement-related behavior over the next 2 h. Design Older adults (n = 104) completed a 10-day EMA protocol. Method Participants answered up to 6 EMA prompts/day to assess momentary intentions and self-efficacy to stand or move as well as intentions and self-efficacy to limit sedentary time over the next 2 h. Participants wore an activPAL accelerometer continuously to measure time spent being upright (i.e., standing or moving) and time spent sitting. Results On weekdays, intentions and self-efficacy were generally predictive of subsequent behavior in the expected direction over the majority of the day whereas these constructs predicted subsequent behavior in the expected directions over a smaller range of times on weekend days. Conclusions This study adds to emerging evidence that associations between motivational constructs and subsequent behavior change over the course of the day, but these time-varying associations may be different depending on the day of week. This work has implications for intervention design and the timing of intervention content delivery in approaches like just-in-time adaptive interventions.
Nonprofit Arts and Culture in the USA: Roles, Audiences and Participation

The nonprofit arts and cultural sector in the USA is bifurcated between a large and highly professionalized infrastructure of cultural institutions, on the one hand, and significant numbers of small, informal groupings and organizations at the grassroots, on the other. The cultural policy debate of the past has near exclusively focused on the former, whereas the latter capture America’s associational spirit more truly. This contribution reviews the role of the nonprofit arts in the larger cultural economy as well as its revenue structure, and focuses on participation in both professional and grassroots endeavors as a gauge of how Americans associate in arts and culture.
Abstract 2990: Individualized functional approach to tailoring acute myeloid leukemia therapy

The major focus of drug development in AML has shifted to targeted agents because, despite initial sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy, durable remissions are limited. The clinical implementation of effective targeted therapies still lags due to the lack of predictive biomarkers. To make the best use of existing therapy and to identify new targeted therapies we adopted a broadly applicable functional approach to precision medicine called “dynamic BH3 profiling” (DBP). DBP measures early death signaling induced by short-term drug exposure. Increased cell death signaling is reflected by increased mitochondrial sensitivity (priming) to standardized BH3 peptides mimicking pro-apoptotic proteins. To develop a personalized therapeutic strategy for AML using DBP, we utilized 17 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) established from de novo, primary refractory or relapsed (R/R) patients. Human myeloblasts from xenotransplanted mice were exposed to 30 targeted and 3 standard of care drugs to determine mitochondrial responses via DBP. Unsupervised clustering of ex vivo DBP responses segregated PDXs into two major clusters, where treatment naive PDXs clustered distinctly from R/R PDXs. Most drugs induced priming in only selective PDXs, including kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers, and a SMAC mimetic. In contrast, BH3 mimetics and CDK9 inhibitors showed activity across a majority of PDXs. Next, we validated the ability of DBP to predict in vivo responses of single-agent birinapant (SMAC mimetic), JQ-1 (BRD-4 inhibitor), quizartinib (FLT-3 inhibitor), and venetoclax (BCL-2 inhibitor) across 6 AML PDX models, prioritized based on their greatest range of priming responses. The models that showed increased ex vivo priming via DBP also showed greatest in vivo responses, indicating that DBP can rank PDXs according to their drug sensitivities (AUC of ROC 0.87, p Citation Format: Shruti Bhatt, Binyam Yilma, Elyse Olesinski, Holly Zhu, Mark Murakami, Vineeth Kumar Murali, Sophia Adamia, David M. Weinstock, Jacqueline S. Garcia, Anthony Letai. Individualized functional approach to tailoring acute myeloid leukemia therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2990.
Internet-Based Interventions for Improving Mental Health on College Campuses: A Scoping Review of IBIs

Date Presented 04/05/19 Primary Author and Speaker: Caceti Dobrowolski Additional Authors and Speakers: Ann Chapleau
Embedding domain knowledge for machine learning of complex material systems

Machine learning (ML) has revolutionized disciplines within materials science that have been able to generate sufficiently large datasets to utilize algorithms based on statistical inference, but for many important classes of materials the datasets remain small. However, a rapidly growing number of approaches to embedding domain knowledge of materials systems are reducing data requirements and allowing broader applications of ML. Furthermore, these hybrid approaches improve the interpretability of the predictions, allowing for greater physical insights into the factors that determine material properties. This review introduces a number of these strategies, providing examples of how they were implemented in ML algorithms and discussing the materials systems to which they were applied.