cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and forecasting energy consumption in China: Implications for Chinese energy demand and imports in 2020

The Chinese economy is in a stage of energy transition: from low efficiency solid fuels to oil, gas, and electric power, from agriculture to urbanization and industrialization, from heavy industry to lighter and high tech industry, from low motorization to rapid growth of the motor vehicle population. Experts fear that continued rapid economic growth in China will translate into a massive need to expand imports of oil, coal, and gas. We build an econometric model of the Chinese energy economy based on the energy balance. We use that model to forecast Chinese energy consumption and imports to 2020. The study suggests that China will, indeed, require rapidly growing imports of oil, coal, and gas. This growth is not so sensitive to the rate of economic growth as to increases in motorization. It can be offset, but probably only in small part, by increasing domestic energy production or by improvements in the efficiency of use, particularly in the production of electric power.
Sources of Systematic Bias in the Measurement of Water by the Coulometric and Volumetric Karl Fischer Methods

The sources of systematic bias in the measurement of moisture by the volumetric and coulometric Karl Fischer methods were assessed. Using water-saturated octanol as a moisture standard, the measurement accuracy of five coulometric instruments was evaluated. Six possible sources of systematic bias were examined: accuracy of the moisture standard, nonadjustable instrumental bias, operator-adjustable instrumental bias, solvent composition, cell design, and sample composition. The published water content of water-saturated octanol was confirmed by the method of standard additions. The nonadjustable instrumental bias consisted of two types, one that was variable and was observed at water levels below 200 micrograms of water, and one that represented a constant percentage of the total water over the tested range from 40 to 400 micrograms of water. The adjustable instrumental parameters, if set incorrectly, may cause a small but significant negative bias (< 7%). Solvent composition as a function of both solvent type and titration vessel design can introduce a negative bias of up to 10%. Finally, the nature of the sample introduces a negative bias as demonstrated by the results obtained from titrating water in four different oil samples. Under optimum conditions, different amounts of water were measured in each oil using different Karl Fischer titration procedures and five different instruments.
Possible Determination of the Helicity of Elementary Excitations in Liquid He II

The energy-momentum curve of the excitations in liquid helium were directly measured by the inelastic scattering of cold neutrons. It is found that associated with a definite momentum transfer of the neutron there is a definite energy traasfer. It is customary to call these excitations "phonons" and "rotons." The angular momentum of these excitations is investigated by studying the angular distribution of the scattered neutrons. (A.C.)
Random-Field Effects on Critical Behavior of Diluted Ising Antiferromagnets

Random-field effects have been studied, using linear birefringence, in the random Ising antiferromagnets ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. with $0l{H}_{0}l~20$ kOe parallel to $c$, large shifts in ${T}_{c}$ and dramatic changes in the shapes of the transition peaks were observed. These results confirm some, but not all, theoretical predictions and suggest an effective dimensionality $d\ensuremath{\simeq}2$. No ${H}_{0}$-induced rounding was observed. This is shown to be consistent with the rounding seen in other experiments at larger values of $\frac{g{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}{H}_{0}}{k{T}_{c}}$.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Opportunities for Prevention and Advocacy

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has come under intense scrutiny about its mandate for individual health insurance purchase, yet it has received little praise in the popular press for its prevention measures. Irrespective of the Supreme Court's decision regarding the "individual mandate," it is important for public health professionals to advocate for the preservation of the prevention and wellness provisions in the current law. The article addresses the Supreme Court's hearing for the "individual mandate," the likely impact of the general election in 2012, and specific prevention components of the law that should be championed by health education and health promotion advocates.
Lanthanum fluoride coprecipitation technique for the preparation of actinides for alpha-particle spectrometry

A simple and rapid procedure is described by which actinides can be mounted in a form suitable for alpha-particle spectrometry without recourse to electrodeposition. The actinides are coprecipitated as fluorides with 100 μg of lanthanum carrier from an acidic solution. The precipitate is mounted on a 0.1 μ-pore membrane filter containing LaF3 substrate, also prepared from 100 μg of lanthanum. The resolution obtained using samples of pure radiotracers and of frations isolated from lake sediments is generally comparable to that afforded by the conventional electrodeposition technique. The coprecipitation yield is generally quantitative. The entire procedure can be completed in about 90 min.
Alkynated and azidated octadecane as model compounds for kinetic studies of Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in vegetable oils

Alkynated and azidated octadecane, synthesized from 9-octadecene, were used as model compounds for alkynated and azidated vegetable oils to study the kinetics of thermal Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Alkyne and azide groups of alkynated and azidated octadecane possess low reactivity as they are branched in the middle of an 18-carbon chain. Reaction kinetics was studied by GPC, 1H NMR, and DSC. Detailed kinetic analysis revealed that the reaction of alkynated and azidated octadecane required 24 h to reach 90% conversion at 100°C. The activation energy of the reaction is 55 kJ/mol. Practical applications: The kinetics study of this model reaction is necessary for estimating the extent of reaction and necessary curing time of the thermal polycycloaddition of alkynated and azidated vegetable oils whose main components are triglyceride-containing aliphatic chains of 16–22 carbons. Kinetics of thermal Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynated and azidated octadecane (A-OCD and Az-OCD) as model compounds for alkynated and azidated vegetable oils was studied by GPC, DSC, and spectroscopic methods.
A 15b-Linear, 20MS/s, 1.5b/Stage Pipelined ADC Digitally Calibrated with Signal-Dependent Dithering

A signal-dependent dithering concept is developed to measure the multiplying DAC (MDAC) gain error of a 1.5b/stage pipelined ADC in background. A 15b, 20MS/s prototype ADC exhibits SFDR and THD of 98 and -92dB with 14.5MHz input. The chip fabricated in 0.18mum CMOS occupies 2.3 times 1.7mm2, and consumes 285mW at 1.8V
Equivalent layers of surface charge, current sheet, and polarization in the eigenfunction expansions of Green's functions in electromagnetic theory

The discontinuous behavior of the eigenfunction expansion of various Green's functions commonly used in electromagnetic theory is discussed with the aid of equivalent layers of surface charge, current sheet, and surface polarization. Green's function pertaining to the potential function in electrostatics is discussed first, followed by a detailed analysis of an eigenfunction representation of a typical dyadic Green's function for time-varying harmonic fields.
The consistency of beneficial fitness effects of mutations across diverse genetic backgrounds.

Parallel and convergent evolution have been remarkably common observations in molecular adaptation but primarily in the context of the same genotype adapting to the same conditions. These phenomena therefore tell us about the stochasticity and limitations of adaptation. The limited data on convergence and parallelism in the adaptation of different genotypes conflict as to the importance of such events. If the effects of beneficial mutations are highly context dependent (i.e., if they are epistatic), different genotypes should adapt through different mutations. Epistasis for beneficial mutations has been investigated but mainly through measurement of interactions between individually beneficial mutations for the same genotype. We examine epistasis for beneficial mutations at a broader genetic scale by measuring the fitness effects of two mutations beneficial for the ssDNA bacteriophage ID11 in eight different, related genotypes showing 0.3–3.7% nucleotide divergence from ID11. We found no evidence for sign epistasis, but the mutations tended to have much smaller or no effects on fitness in the new genotypes. We found evidence for diminishing-returns epistasis; the effects were more beneficial for lower-fitness genotypes. The patterns of epistasis were not determined by phylogenetic relationships to the original genotype. To improve our understanding of the patterns of epistasis, we fit the data to a model in which each mutation had a constant, nonepistatic phenotypic effect across genotypes and the phenotype-fitness map had a single optimum. This model fit the data well, suggesting that epistasis for these mutations was due to nonlinearity in the phenotype-fitness mapping and that the likelihood of parallel evolution depends more on phenotype than on genotype.
Measuring malaria transmission reduction en route to elimination

In the past decade, remarkable change in malaria control and transmission has been documented in many (but not all) African nations and some countries are moving toward elimination. The malaria control community has long measured and tracked malaria transmission using a variety of methods from the highest to the lowest transmission areas. For program action across the spectrum of transmission between humans and mosquitoes, the balance between accurate measurement, sufficient detail to inform program decisions, and ease and simplicity of information collection, analysis and interpretation has always been challenging. A summary of historic and current efforts to measure parasites within and moving between people and mosquitoes will be provided with an emphasis on how the approaches and emphasis change as transmission intensity changes. The program decision needs for routine systems and for special studies to track transmission reduction will be discussed. The detection and verification of “zero” infection and transmission will be discussed in terms of tools and sampling methods that will allow the designation of malaria-free areas.
Multiple paxillin binding sites regulate FAK function

Background: FAK localization to focal adhesions is essential for its activation and function. Localization of FAK is mediated through the C-terminal focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain. Recent structural analyses have revealed two paxillin-binding sites in the FAT domain of FAK. To define the role of paxillin binding to each site on FAK, point mutations have been engineered to specifically disrupt paxillin binding to each docking site on the FAT domain of FAK individually or in combination. Results: These mutants have been characterized and reveal an important role for paxillin binding in FAK subcellular localization and signaling. One paxillin-binding site (comprised of α-helices 1 and 4 of the FAT domain) plays a more prominent role in localization than the other. Mutation of either paxillin-binding site has similar effects on FAK activation and downstream signaling. However, the sites aren't strictly redundant as each mutant exhibits phosphorylation/signaling defects distinct from wild type FAK and a mutant completely defective for paxillin binding. Conclusion: The studies demonstrate that the two paxillin-binding sites of FAK are not redundant and that both sites are required for FAK function.
Seismic performance of the San Francisco Bay Area transportation network bridges

The objective of this paper is to present the impact of bridge retrofitting in the San Francisco Bay Area on direct loss reduction. For this purpose, the losses from the characteristic earthquakes on the San Andreas and Hayward faults due to ground shaking, landslide or liquefaction are estimated for pre- and post-retrofitted bridges. Bridge losses are computed using the fragility functions from HAZUS [Earthquake Loss Estimation, Technical Manual, 1999 and the Boore et al. [Seismic Research Letters, 1997, 687(1), 128–154] attenuation relationship for ground motions at bridge sites. Loss from liquefaction and landslides is also estimated using HAZUS. The replacement cost for each bridge is calculated using values obtained from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The loss estimates show that the annual risk reduction due to retrofitting is about 15% for the San Andreas fault and 10% for the Hayward fault events. If all possible events are taken into consideration, these values are expect...
Thanks for the Compliment? Emotional Reactions to Group-Level Versus Individual-Level Compliments and Insults:

The current research investigated participants' reactions to positive and negative comments directed toward them as individuals or as members of a social group. Using both perspective-taking (Studies 1 and 2) and actual interaction methodologies (Study 3), three studies found that participants generally responded negatively to negative comments regardless of the level of identity to which the comment was directed. Positive comments were generally viewed positively, except when the comment was directed at the group and was stereotype relevant. When the latter was the case, participants reported increased anger and desires to attack (and avoid) the speaker. Furthermore, these negative feelings and action tendencies were partially mediated by an attribution to prejudice to the speaker.
Deliberation Rules and Voting

Most models of pre-vote deliberation assume that voters send messages simultaneously. In practice, however, communication is almost always sequential. This review shows that sequential communication makes it even more difficult to induce truthful communication. Specifically, I show that for any voting rule truthful communication can only be achieved if all voters will agree on the preferred outcome in any state.
Effect of Copper on the Protectiveness of Iron Sulfide Films

Abstract This paper offers an explanation of the mechanisms behind the effects of Cu on the corrosion and hydrogen permeation rates of pipeline steels in HS environments. Over narrow pH ranges, Cu can either enhance or reduce the corrosion rate and likewise the hydrogen permeation rate. This behavior is explained by way of the semiconductor properties of the iron sulfide film that is formed in H2S solutions. Competing mechanisms at lower ( 5.5) pH values override the semiconductive attribute of the film.
Practice Principles of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Schizophrenia

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) is a developmental approach to the rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients that attempts to facilitate an abstracting and "gistful" social cognition as a compensatory alternative to the more demanding and controlled cognitive strategies that often characterize schizophrenia as well as much of its treatment. Selected cognitive processes that developmentally underlie the capacity to acquire adult social cognition have been operationalized in the form of relevant interactive software and social group exercises. Treatment methods address the impairments, disabilities, and social handicaps associated with cognitive styles that appear to underlie the positive, negative, and disorganized symptom domains of schizophrenia. Style-related failures in secondary rather than primary socialization, particularly social cognitive deficits in context appraisal and perspective taking, are targeted goals. Illustrative examples of the techniques used to address social and nonsocial cognitive deficits are provided, together with encouraging preliminary observations regarding the efficacy of CET.
A new decomposition scheme for three-dimensional contours based on curvature and torsion

This paper presents a new scheme for segmentation of three-dimensional (3D) contours based on a criterion involving their curvature and torsion properties. Curvature indicates how sharply a curve is turning while torsion measures the extent of its twist in 3D space. Also, curvature and torsion completely define a curve in 3D space. For these reasons, the two together have been chosen here as a set of intrinsic and complete structural features of a contour. The Darboux vector Ω contains both these features as its components. We use the length ∥Ω∥ of the Darboux vector, also known as total curvature, as the criterion for segmentation of the contour. Specifically we choose the zero-crossings of d2∥Ω∥/ds2, where s = arc length, as the breakpoints in the segmentation of the contour. The segmentation scheme is described by means of a block diagram which includes filters for calculation of d2∥Ω∥/ds2in terms of appropriate distributional derivatives resulting from the contour parametric equations.
NUCLEATE BOILING OF NITROGEN, ARGON, AND CARBON MONOXIDE FROM ATMOSPHERIC TO NEAR THE CRITICAL PRESSURE

The nucleate-boiling region is of great importance to the engineer because in this region large quantities of heat can be removed with relatively low temperature differences. This study was initiated to study the boiling behavior of carbon monoxide and to compare carbon monoxide’s nucleate-boiling behavior to the boiling behavior of other cryogenic fluids (nitrogen and argon).
Collisions of counterpropagating optical solitons

We present numerical simulations of colliding counterpropagating solitons traversing a relaxation-free atomic vapor. The collisions produce appreciable spatially localized inversion of the atomic population, even in the case of colliding solitary 2π hyperbolic-secant pulses. The energy deposited in the atoms and lost from the pulses determines the pulse widths, energies, and phase shifts of the postcollision pulses. This energy subsequently appears as fluorescence. We present results that illustrate the role of the residual atomic excitation energy on postcollisional solitary pulses. In addition, we show that for certain conditions a low-density medium is transparent to nonsolitary π pulses.
GAS41 Is Required for Repression of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway during Normal Cellular Proliferation

GAS41 is a common subunit of the TIP60 and SRCAP complexes and is essential for cell growth and viability. Here, we report that GAS41 is required for repression of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway during normal cellular proliferation. Either GAS41 small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of GAS41 expression or specific interruptions of the carboxy-terminal coiled-coil motif of the GAS41 protein activate the p53 tumor suppressor pathway, as evidenced by p53 up-regulation, p53 serine-15 phosphorylation, and p21 transcriptional activation. Activation of the p53 pathway does not result from changes in TIP60 complex assembly or TIP60 coactivator functions for p53, since a TIP60 complex containing a coiled-coil mutant of GAS41 retains the same composition and histone acetyltransferase activity as its wild-type counterpart and since mutant GAS41 does not compromise ectopic p53-dependent transcriptional activation in a reporter gene assay. Finally, we demonstrate that GAS41 is prebound to the promoters of two p53 tumor suppressor pathway genes (p21 and p14ARF) in normal unstressed cells but is dissociated from both promoters in response to stress signals that activate p53. Our data suggest that GAS41 plays a role in repressing the p53 tumor suppressor pathway during the normal cell cycle by a TIP60-independent mechanism.
The role of karst in engineering and environmental geosciences

Abstract. Karst is a unique landform developed by soluble rock. It usually relates to the groundwater drainage system, and provides important water resources. Current researches indicate that karst is closely related to the Earth system and environmental protection, and it can also create potential natural hazards such as sinkhole flooding and land subsidence in urban area. Its relationship with hydrogeology has also been an important factor for studying water pollution and nutrient cycles in engineering geosciences and agricultural geology.
Using LED Lighting for Ubiquitous Indoor Wireless Networking

Wireless networking is currently dominated by radio frequency (RF) techniques. However, the soon-to-be ubiquity of LED-based lighting motivated by significant energy savings provides an opportunistic deployment of widespread free-space optical (FSO) communications. LED-based network transceivers have a variety of competitive advantages over RF including high bandwidth density, security, energy consumption, and aesthetics. They also use a highly reusable unregulated part of the spectrum (visible light). In this paper we describe results from a pilot project to demonstrate the viability of an optical free-space visible light transceiver as a basis for indoor wireless networking. Inexpensive, commercial, off-the shelf LEDs and photodiodes were used to construct two prototypes; a simplex channel as expected as a component of an asymmetric/hybrid RF-FSO system, and a full-duplex channel demonstrating the ability to isolate multiple channels. On-off keying (OOK) was applied without observable flicker in the target modulation ranges. Results indicate the viability of creating inexpensive FSO transceivers that might be embedded in commercial lighting products to support ceiling-to-floor distances of approximately 3 m.
Management of melanoma brain metastases

Relapses in the brain remain a major obstacle to cure in many patients with advanced melanoma. At present, the management of melanoma brain metastases continues to rely heavily on surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions, which have become safer and more effective with modern imaging, surgery and radiation technologies. Additionally, novel targeted and immunotherapeutic agents, shown to generate meaningful intracranial response and survival benefit in patients with melanoma brain metastases when compared with historical controls, expand systemic treatment options for this subset of patients. These systemic therapies become particularly important when intracranial disease burden precludes neuro- or radio-surgery. Considerable multidisciplinary research effort is ongoing to improve outcomes for melanoma patients with brain metastases, a key challenge in the management of advanced melanoma.
Creating materials in which heat propagates along a line

It is proved that one can distribute many small particles in a given material so that in the resulting material heat propagates essentially along a given line.
Vortex melting in polycrystalline YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} from {sup 17}O NMR

Line-shape analysis of {sup 17}O NMR spectra is used to probe vortex melting and dynamics in aligned powders of YBa{sub 2}O{sub 3}O{sub 7}. Vortex transitions are identified by comparing their dynamics with the NMR time scale. Line-shape changes indicate a well-defined melting transition at a temperature, T{sub m}. Below T{sub m} there is a coexistence regime of solid and liquid vortices with a lower bound, T{sub g}, which marks complete vortex freezing. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
TLR Stimulation Dynamically Regulates Heme and Iron Export Gene Expression in Macrophages

Pathogenic bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms to capture iron or iron-containing heme from host tissues or blood. In response, organisms have developed defense mechanisms to keep iron from pathogens. Very little of the body's iron store is available as free heme; rather nearly all body iron is complexed with heme or other proteins. The feline leukemia virus, subgroup C (FeLV-C) receptor, FLVCR, exports heme from cells. It was unknown whether FLVCR regulates heme-iron availability after infection, but given that other heme regulatory proteins are upregulated in macrophages in response to bacterial infection, we hypothesized that macrophages dynamically regulate FLVCR. We stimulated murine primary macrophages or macrophage cell lines with LPS and found that Flvcr is rapidly downregulated in a TLR4/MD2-dependent manner; TLR1/2 and TLR3 stimulation also decreased Flvcr expression. We identified several candidate TLR-activated transcription factors that can bind to the Flvcr promoter. Macrophages must balance the need to sequester iron from systemic circulating or intracellular pathogens with the macrophage requirement for heme and iron to produce reactive oxygen species. Our findings underscore the complexity of this regulation and point to a new role for FLVCR and heme export in macrophages responses to infection and inflammation.
Factors influencing organic-horizon carbon pools in mixed-species stands of central Maine, USA

Abstract The overall goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation of multiple abiotic and biotic factors with organic-horizon (O-horizon) carbon (C) content on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine, USA. O-horizon samples were collected and their associated depths were recorded from stands managed with a range of silvicultural and harvesting treatments (i.e., selection, shelterwood, and commercial clearcut) and an unmanaged control. The overall mean for O-horizon C content from all samples was 25.6 ± 16.1 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD). The samples were used to develop a pedotransfer function for predicting O-horizon C content from O-horizon depth (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 1.6 Mg ha−1) so that an average of O-horizon C content could be calculated for permanent sample plots on which abiotic and biotic factors were quantified. O-horizon depth measurements recorded along transects on permanent sample plots were used to calculate plot average O-horizon C content. There were no significant differences in average predicted O-horizon C content among selection, shelterwood, and commercial clearcut treatments. However, variation in predicted O-horizon C content between stands where the same treatment was applied was statistically significant and was likely due to the timing of harvests and abundance of dead wood buried within O horizons. Depth to redoximorphic features, cartographic depth to water table or saturated zone, drainage class, fine woody debris mass, downed woody debris volume, tree basal area, and the relative basal area of conifer species were not significant predictors of predicted O-horizon C content at the plot level. When the individual predicted values of O-horizon C content were modeled, within-plot variation accounted for 83.8% of the variance. Bryophyte mass, which was predicted from bryophyte cover, only explained 1.2% of the variation in O-horizon C content at the microsite level. These results highlight the sizeable variability in O-horizon C content within and among these mixed-species stands with various forest management and natural disturbance histories.
Array-based split-pool combinatorial screening of potential catalysts.

A new method for screening split-pool combinatorial libraries for catalytic activity is described. Site-selective detection of catalytic activity for solution-based reactions was made possible without cofunctionalizing beads or adding diffusion-limiting matrixes. This was done by spatially separating resin-bound catalysts on an adhesive array on a microscope slide and introducing the reacting liquid to the top of the slide. Convective mixing and evaporation was controlled using a cover slide and imaging both the formation of products within active beads and the diffusion of products out of the beads. Colored reaction products and pH-sensitive indicators were used to visually detect catalytically active beads in the presence of inactive ones. Quantitative analyses of the images support the assumption that color intensities can be used to assess the quality of hits from a combinatorial screen. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysis as well as esterase screening using methyl red were used to validat...
Association Between Laboratory Calibration of a Serum Bilirubin Assay, Neonatal Bilirubin Levels, and Phototherapy Use.

Importance The American Academy of Pediatrics treatment recommendations for neonatal jaundice are based on age-specific total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels. In May 2012, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics adjusted the calibrator values for Vitros Chemistry Products BuBc Slides (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics), a widely used method to quantify TSB, after concerns of positively biased results. Objective To investigate the association between recalibration of a reflectance spectrophotometry serum bilirubin assay and TSB levels and phototherapy use among newborns. Design, Setting, and Participants Descriptive study comparing TSB levels and phototherapy use before and after recalibration at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large, integrated health care delivery system. The study evaluated live births at or after 35 weeks’ gestation at 12 facilities that used universal serum bilirubin screening before (January 1, 2010, through April 30, 2012; n = 61 677) and after (July 1, 2012, through December 31, 2013; n = 42 571) recalibration. The analysis took place in December 2015. Intervention Recalibration of bilirubin testing instruments. Main Outcomes and Measures Proportions of newborns with (1) at least 1 TSB value at or above 15 mg/dL; (2) at least 1 TSB level exceeding the American Academy of Pediatrics phototherapy threshold; (3) phototherapy during the birth hospitalization; and (4) at least 1 readmission for phototherapy. Results In 104 420 infants (61 677 in the prerecalibration period and 42 511 in the postrecalibration period), a TSB was obtained in 99.2% of infants during birth and in 99.5% of infants within the first 30 days after birth. The postrecalibration period was associated with a 1.25 mg/dL (95% CI, 1.19-1.31; P Conclusions and Relevance Modest recalibration-induced reductions in mean TSB concentrations was associated with a significant reduction in the percentage of infants with clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia. Current laboratory accuracy standards are insufficient to detect biases that can have significant clinical effect. These data underline the need for increased integration of laboratory expertise into clinical guidelines and to support international initiatives to standardize laboratory measurements.
Accumulation by Dispossession A Marxist History of the Formation of the English Premier League

The decade of the 1980s witnessed massive changes in the internal structure and functioning of English football.1 Several rules, instituted during the infancy of the professional game to limit prof...
Topiramate in Pediatric Migraine

Efficacy and tolerability of topiramate in the treatment of pediatric migraine is studied by retrospective analysis of records of 37 children treated at St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
Technical Service Management Model for Farmers Based on Decision Tree

This paper applies decision tree method to obtain better service provision in the farmer professional cooperatives.Service data are set up from the traffic data,and the decision tree classification model based on production is built with the knowledge rules generated to find main factors underlying knowledge of the rules.From the rules,the service promotion facts are learned,which enrich the content of the cooperative's services,far more broaden the service capabilities,and give a better direction on the production.
A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival

On 22 May 1948, two years or so after arriving in Israel and just short of turning forty, Eliezer Gruenbaum was killed in the battle of Ramat Rachel. Yet another, far longer “battle” cast a shadow ...
Multiorgan chronic inflammatory hepatobiliary pancreatic murine model deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2

Multiorgan chronic inflammatory hepatobiliary pancreatic murine model deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2
The Institutional Framework of Russian Serfdom: Why is Russia different? Culture, geography, institutions

Russia has long been viewed as fundamentally different from western Europe. This difference was not only among the main preoccupations of nineteenth-century Russian novelists and social thinkers, but it has often been invoked by historians to explain the failure of economic reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and also to account for the peculiarities of the Soviet experiment. This view of Russia as different has persisted and is now often adduced to explain the failure of the Russian transition to a modern democratic state. Thus the rule of law, for instance, has failed to take hold in post-Soviet Russia because it is a peculiarly western idea, while Russians have deeply rooted anti-legalistic attitudes. The transition to a market economy has faltered due to the incompatibility of western incentives and Russian culture. And parliamentary democracy has failed to take root because Russians have always preferred authoritarianism. But which differences exactly are relevant here, and can account for such strikingly divergent outcomes? The most popular answer to this question, both inside and outside of Russia, and perhaps the most prevalent among historians, is that the differences in question here are ultimate and irreducible. They are rooted in folk memory and folk culture, and are reflected perhaps most obviously in the organisation of rural society before industrialisation. Russian peasants, this view holds, were culturally imbued with fundamentally different behaviour patterns from western or central European tillers of the soil.
Time-Resolved Neutron Radiography Using a Fast Pulse Reactor

The feasibility of using a fast pulse reactor as a neutron source in the production of time-resolved neutron radiographs has been demonstrated at the U.S. Army Pulse Radiation Facility. The radiogr...
Circulating Tumor Cells as an Analytical Tool in the Management of Patients with Cancer

Circulating tumor cells (CTC), first described in 1869 as cells in the blood identical to those of the cancer itself (1), originate from the primary tumor or metastatic deposits after intravasation through the tumor vasculature by mechanisms that are not completely understood (Fig. 1) (2). Although most CTC die in the circulation, a proportion of them have the ability to spread, seed, and proliferate in distant sites to form secondary metastases (3) (estimated to be 0.05%) or to reestablish in the organ of origin to form new tumors (4), as demonstrated in short-term proliferation experiments (3, 5). First described by Paget in 1889, in his “seed and soil” hypothesis (6), the process of metastatic dissemination is driven by chemokines and integrins specific to the tumor type and by the adhesive interactions of the CTC with the vasculature and extracellular matrix components (4, 7–9). As an example, β4 integrin signaling promotes tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium through ErbB2-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and has been involved in metastatic development (10). Additionally, CTC have the ability to secrete stem cell-like factors to promote proliferation and self-renewal (11, 12). Microembolic clusters of CTC, isolated by a variety of techniques, are associated with a particularly poor prognosis, which may be related to the enhanced activation of survival pathways by cellular contact and to mechanical capture in the microvasculature, further enabling metastasis formation (13, 14).
A new information theoretic approach to order estimation problem

Abstract We introduce a new method of model order selection: minimum description complexity (MDC). The approach is motivated by the Kullback-Leibler information distance. The method suggests to choose the model set for which the "model set relative entropy" is minimum. The proposed method is comparable with the existing order estimation methods such as AIC and MDL. We elaborate on the advantages of MDC over the available information theoretic approaches.
DISPERSION PATTERNS OF ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY MANURE IN ENCLOSED HOUSES IN MASSACHUSETTS: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS OF MANURE MOISTURE AND ACCUMULATION TIME

Arthropod predator-prey distribution patterns were examined in poultry manure with respect to spatial position, manure moisture content and age of the manure habitat. The predators, Carcinops pumil...
Wavelet ANOVA bisection method for identifying simulation model bias

Abstract High-resolution computer models can simulate complex systems and processes in order to evaluate a solution quickly and inexpensively. Many simulation models produce dynamic functional output, such as a set of time-series data generated during a process. These computer models require verification and validation (V&V) to assess the correctness of these simulations. In particular, the model validation effort evaluates if the model is an appropriate representation of the real-world system that it is meant to simulate. However, when assessing a model capable of generating functional output, it is useful to learn more than simply whether the model is valid or invalid. Specifically, if the model is deemed invalid, then what aspects of the model are incorrect? Is it possible to identify over what range the model data are a poor representation of the system data? Current V&V methods cannot identify these ranges. This paper proposes a wavelet analysis of variance (WANOVA) bisection method that first assesses model validity and can also identify the interval(s) over which the model is biased. The technique is illustrated using several simulation studies. Ultimately, this new method supports and expands the efficacy of model validation efforts.
Towards standardization of laboratory preparation procedure for uniform cellulose nanopapers

Cellulose nanopapers, 2D flat and foldable film made of network-forming cellulose nanofibers, are strong, tough and biodegradable materials of great interest as they have potential to replace the conventional fossil based polymers in various applications. Although there are several cellulose nanopaper preparation methods described in the literature, no standard method is available for the preparation of uniform and smooth nanopapers within a practical time frame. In present study, TAPPI standard method of preparation of pulp handsheets was systemically modified/optimized to prepare flat and wrinkle free cellulose nanopapers in few hours of preparation time. Physical properties of these cellulose nanopapers such as tensile strength and water vapor transmission rate were comparable to the reported values in the literature. The proposed standard preparation method will enable the comparison of the physical properties of cellulose nanopapers prepared in different studies.
Valley-dependent magnetoresistance in two-dimensional semiconductors

We show theoretically that two-dimensional direct-gap semiconductors with a valley degree of freedom, including monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and gapped bilayer graphene, have a longitudinal magnetoconductivity contribution that is odd in valley and odd in the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the system. Using a quantum kinetic theory we show how this valley-dependent magnetoconductivity arises from the interplay between the momentum-space Berry curvature of Bloch electrons, the presence of a magnetic field, and disorder scattering. We discuss how the effect can be measured experimentally and used as a detector of valley polarization.
A Perovskite Electrolyte That Is Stable in Moist Air for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Solid-oxide Li+ electrolytes of a rechargeable cell are generally sensitive to moisture in the air as H+ exchanges for the mobile Li+ of the electrolyte and forms insulating surface phases at the electrolyte interfaces and in the grain boundaries of a polycrystalline membrane. These surface phases dominate the total interfacial resistance of a conventional rechargeable cell with a solid-electrolyte separator. We report a new perovskite Li+ solid electrolyte, Li0.38 Sr0.44 Ta0.7 Hf0.3 O2.95 F0.05 , with a lithium-ion conductivity of σLi =4.8×10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C that does not react with water having 3≤pH≤14. The solid electrolyte with a thin Li+ -conducting polymer on its surface to prevent reduction of Ta5+ is wet by metallic lithium and provides low-impedance dendrite-free plating/stripping of a lithium anode. It is also stable upon contact with a composite polymer cathode. With this solid electrolyte, we demonstrate excellent cycling performance of an all-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 cell, a Li-S cell with a polymer-gel cathode, and a supercapacitor.
Models of HIV Preconception Care and Key Elements Influencing These Services: Findings from Healthcare Providers in Seven US Cities

Abstract Preconception care can improve maternal and infant outcomes by identifying and modifying health risks before pregnancy and reducing unplanned pregnancies. However, information about how pr...
(Re)Constructing la Tierra de la Guerra: An Indo-Hispano Gendered Landscape on the Rito Colorado Frontier of Spanish Colonial New Mexico

Every day, many a carload of visitors drives northwest from Santa Fe, pushing toward some frontier of personal discovery as they head to yet another attempted channeling of the famous painter, Georgia O’Keefe, at her shrine-like Ghost Ranch. Exiting north from the constant flow of tourists between Santa Fe and Abiquiu, one can almost feel the quieting of the road, like a lateral from the mother ditch, as it begins to narrow into a lonely strip of asphalt that wends its way up the Rito Colorado Valley. The cottonwoods trace the remnant trickles of the river itself, deeper in the middle as it passes between the southern ramparts of the valley, then opening up into a broad plain that will pinch closed again only at the extreme northern end. Just past the sign which announces entry to the Carson National Forest, across the river and just at peripheral vision, adobe walls fade into and out of focus.
Using nanostructures to tailor thermal radiation for clean energy and clean water applications (Conference Presentation)

This talk will introduce some of our recent work on using nanostructures to tailor thermal radiation with applications from solar and thermal energy for electrical generation and storage, to desalination. We fabricated solar photovolatic cells with efficiency >15% using 10 micron-thick crystalline silicon films. We demonstrated that aerogels can be used for concentrated solar thermal power, eliminating the need for vacuum and wavelength selective coatings. Photovoltaic cells can couple to terrestrial heat sources to convert thermal radiation into electricity, at an efficiency higher than photovoltaics. Moving to lower temperature range, we show that fabrics can be made to radiate out human body heat while remain opaque to visible light. We also demonstrate that by localizing solar energy on water surface, we can boil water and even achieve superheated steam under one sun. The talk will end with a discussion of the entropy of light and how we exploit the understanding to design better thermal-to-electrical energy converters.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD)

Pregnancy in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease has presented challenges to practitioners for many years. Medical management of cardiac disease has advanced to such a degree that many patients with congenital cardiac disease have survived to adulthood. In the Western world, an increasing incidence of acquired cardiac disease in young patients of childbearing age also contributes to this challenging patient load [1]. In the past, cardiomyopathy has conferred a relative risk of 17 with up to 1% mortality during pregnancy. In the United States today, cardiac disease has increased significantly and is now the third leading cause of maternal mortality, contributing to 15% of maternal deaths [2]. Currently in the United States, 0.41 per 100 deliveries are complicated by cardiac disease [3]. The use of mechanical circulatory support for fulminant heart failure is an evolving field, and its use in pregnancy is an even more rare occurrence with unknown side effects and yet to be established guidelines. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that multiple forms of mechanical support have been able to sustain pregnancy [4].
Blockchain Economic Networks: Economic Network Theory—Systemic Risk and Blockchain Technology

This chapter discusses how the widespread adoption of blockchain technology (distributed ledgers) might contribute to solving a larger class of economic problems related to systemic risk, specifically the degree of systemic risk in financial networks (ongoing credit relationships between parties). The chapter introduces economic network theory, drawing from Konig and Battiston (2009). Then, Part I develops payment network analysis (analyzing immediate cash transfers) in the classical payment network setting (Fedwire (Soramaki 2007)) synthesized with the cryptocurrency environment (Bitcoin (Maesa 2017), Monero (Miller 2017), and Ripple (Moreno-Sanchez et al. 2018)). The key finding is that the replication of network statistical behavior in cryptographic networks indicates the robust (not merely anecdotal) adoption of blockchain systems. Part II addresses balance sheet network analysis (ongoing obligations over time), first from the classical sense of central bank balance sheet network analysis developed by Castren (2009, 2013), Gai and Kapadia (2010), and Chan-Lau (2010), and then proposes how blockchain economic networks might help solve systemic risk problems. The chapter concludes with the potential economic and social benefits of blockchain economic networks, particularly as a new technological affordance is created, algorithmic trust, to support financial systems.
Value of demand information in autonomous mobility-on-demand systems

Abstract Effective management of demand information is a critical factor in the successful operation of autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) systems. This paper classifies, measures and evaluates the demand information for an AMoD system. First, the paper studies demand information at both individual and aggregate levels and measures two critical attributes: dynamism and granularity. We identify the trade-offs between both attributes during the data collection and information inference processes and discuss the compatibility of the AMoD dispatching algorithms with different types of information. Second, the paper assesses the value of demand information through agent-based simulation experiments with the actual road network and travel demand in a major European city, where we assume a single operator monopolizes the AMoD service in the case study area but competes with other transportation modes. The performance of the AMoD system is evaluated from the perspectives of travelers, AMoD operators, and transportation authority in terms of the overall system performance. The paper tests multiple scenarios, combining different information levels, information dynamism, and information granularity, as well as various fleet sizes. Results show that aggregate demand information leads to more served requests, shorter wait time and higher profit through effective rebalancing, especially when supply is high and demand information is spatially granular. Individual demand information from in-advance requests also improves the system performance, the degree of which depends on the spatial disparity of requests and their coupled service priority. By designing hailing policies accordingly, the operator is able to maximize the potential benefits. The paper concludes that the strategic trade-offs of demand information need to be made regarding the information level, information dynamism, and information granularity. It also offers a broader discussion on the benefits and costs of demand information for key stakeholders including the users, the operator, and the society.