cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infiltration, soil moisture, and land-use relationships with reference to surface runoff

The major development in this paper is a method for determining rates of water movement within the soil profile on watersheds under natural conditions. The method uses rainfall rates or infiltration curves as the supply of water to the soil and field measurements of soil-moisture changes. The major objective was the determination of relationships between infiltration, soil moisture, and surface runoff on watersheds representing two soil types of different hydrologic characteristics and in three vegetal covers. Information was developed on the effect of soil properties and land use upon such relationships. The amounts of water taken up by successive inch increments of soil depth during storms were established by soil-moisture measurements. The time required for each of these amounts to accumulate was determined from the accumulated infiltration curve, or from rainfall minus interception storage when no runoff occurred. Analyses indicate the velocity of water moving through the soil under various conditions, particularly differences in available storage space. Transmission rates or velocities as high as ten in/hr were obtained for the topsoil or plow layer. For a number of storms, water reached the subsoil shortly after runoff began. After water reached the subsoil, the rates at which the remaining topsoil storage was exhausted were deducted from the infiltration rates and the percolation rates at the bottom of the topsoil established. Percolation rates did not exceed 0.60 in/hr. Using percolation rates as the supply, transmission rates through the subsoil were established. Transmission rates did not exceed 1.50 in/hr for the subsoil. As saturation was approached, rates of infiltration decreased until they approached a constant rate at saturation and the low transmission rates in the subsoil became the controlling factor. Infiltration curves, percolation curves, and transmission rates are illustrated and findings interpreted in the light of soil properties and land use.
Consumer acceptability, sensory and instrumental analysis of peanut soy spreads.

Textural properties of commercial peanut butter, commercial soy nut spread and three formulated peanut soy spreads with 8, 14, and 20% isolated soy protein were characterized using the Texture Analyser TA. TX2®. Significant differences were found between the textural parameters of the treatments (a = 0.05). Testing of color, aroma and textural attributes by a descriptive analysis panel indicated significant differences existed between the treatments. Based on consumer acceptability testing using a three-point acceptability scale, the three peanut soy spreads were acceptable products. A mathematical relationship (R 2 = 0.5) existed between the sensory descriptor aroma and consumer acceptability, and between superior quality (tastes great) and aroma and mouthcoating. No significant relationships were observed between instrumental and consumer acceptability testing.
Memory arts to the new code paradigm; the artist engineers virtual information space and virtual experience

This paper examines contemporary developments in 3D immersive art and experience as it is applied to information and spatial design. Attention is paid to historic forbears, particularly the ancient Greek art of memory, contemporary theorists, and current new media artists who are pushing code and application design to new limits. The role of the artist as "coder" and application engineer is specifically addressed. This paper anticipates specific concerns and possible technological developments in visualization and virtual spaces. As New Media Artists code; current boundaries between disciplines and sectors become blurred and new aesthetic judgments become pivotal. Additionally, current management and organizational structures are challenged to confront a world that increasingly visualizes and communicates in 3D.
Fluoride Concentration in Root Surfaces and Alveolar Bone of Fluoride-Immersed Monkey Incisors Three Weeks After Replantation:

Immersion in fluoride solution increased fluoride concentration in three root layers of extracted monkey incisors. Replantation of the teeth resulted in fluoride uptake by adjacent bone.
Doing It Here: Observing Young Scholars in Writing Building a Legacy of Writers Helping Writers

The dictionary defines observe as to “carefully [attend] to a practice or ritual diligently and routinely.” This article examines the way Young Scholars in Writing (YSW) observes the practice of mentorship and scholarship through the perspective of an author turned peer reviewer turned composition instructor. The author discusses the ways her interaction with YSW has influenced her teaching practice.
#SocialJournalism: Local News Media on Twitter

A content analysis of 4,507 tweets from 60 local news organizations in the United States was conducted to examine Twitter strategies used by the local news industry. Results indicate that local news organizations in the United States mainly used Twitter as an additional platform for news dissemination. While local TV stations and newspapers differed significantly in their use of tweet structures, content, and strategies, both followed the similar practices of their traditional media portals. In addition, the number of followers and total tweets of a news organization’s Twitter account, use of photos, hashtags, usernames, and tweet content predicted audience engagement with the site. Overall, local news organizations in the United States did not appear to use Twitter to cross-promote and/or supplement their traditional business practices. This research calls for more systematic, multi-dimensional social media management in local newsrooms.
Effects of the Interaction between Carbogen and Nicotinamide on R3230 Ac Tumor Blood Flow in Fischer 344 Rats

Abstract Braun, R. D., Lanzen, J. L., Turnage, J. A., Rosner, G. and Dewhirst, M. W. Effects of the Interaction between Carbogen and Nicotinamide on R3230 Ac Tumor Blood Flow in Fischer 344 Rats. Radiat. Res. 155, 724–733 (2001). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are interactions between carbogen breathing and various doses of nicotinamide at the level of the tumor arteriole that might contribute to the improvement in tumor blood flow and pO2 that is often seen with this combination treatment. R3230 adenocarcinomas were implanted and grown to 4–5 mm in dorsal skin flap window chambers in F344 rats. Saline or 65, 200 or 500 mg/kg nicotinamide was injected i.p. while the rat breathed air through a face mask. After 20 min, either the breathing gas was switched to carbogen for 60 min or the animal remained on air. Measured end points included diameter of tumor arterioles, tumor perfusion, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. None of the measured parameters were affected by inje...
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of outer membrane proteins II on the surface of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Abstract To determine the ultrastructural distribution and immunological accessibility of proteins II (P.IIs) on the surfaces of whole gonococci, anti-P.II gold probes were developed and used in electron microscopic studies of viable P.II-expressing variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090. Anti-P.II probes clearly marked the surfaces of organisms and their associated outer membrane blebs. The surface-exposed portion of P.II is antigenically variable. With the use of two different sizes of gold probes, it was demonstrated that individual gonococcal cells can express more than one antigenic type of P.II simultaneously.
Conjugated Estrogens/Bazedoxifene (Duavee) for Menopausal Symptoms.

Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene is effective for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and may be better tolerated than conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone. It will maintain bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and hip, but its effect on fractures is not known. Cardiovascular safety beyond two years is not known.
Up-regulation of SNCA gene expression: implications to synucleinopathies

Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that share a common pathological lesion of intracellular protein inclusions largely composed by aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein. Accumulating evidence, including genome wide association studies, has implicated alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the etiology of synucleinopathies. However, the precise variants within SNCA gene that contribute to the sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and other synucleinopathies and their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. It has been suggested that SNCA expression levels are critical for the development of these diseases. Here, we review several model systems that have been developed to advance the understanding of the role of SNCA expression levels in the etiology of synucleinopathies. We also describe different molecular mechanisms that regulate SNCA gene expression and discuss possible strategies for SNCA down-regulation as means for therapeutic approaches. Finally, we highlight some examples that underscore the relationships between the genetic association findings and the regulatory mechanisms of SNCA expression, which suggest that genetic variability in SNCA locus is directly responsible, at least in part, to the changes in gene expression and explain the reported associations of SNCA with synucleinopathies. Future studies utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuronal lines and genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9, will allow us to validate, characterize, and manipulate the effects of particular cis-genetic variants on SNCA expression. Moreover, this model system will enable us to compare different neuronal and glial lineages involved in synucleinopathies representing an attractive strategy to elucidate-common and specific-SNCA-genetic variants, regulatory mechanisms, and vulnerable expression levels underlying synucleinopathy spectrum disorders. This forthcoming knowledge will support the development of precision medicine for synucleinopathies.
Joint Inversion of Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Data: Case Study in the Northwest Territories of Canada

One of the major challenges in interpretation of airborne geophysical data is the ability to jointly invert multiple geophysical datasets to self-consistent 3D earth models of physical properties that can subsequently be used for mapping the mineral deposits. In practice, empirical or statistical correlations between different physical properties may exist, but their specific forms may be unknown. In addition, there could be both analytical and structural correlations between different attributes of the model parameters. There is a need to develop joint inversion methodologies which would not require a priori knowledge about specific empirical or statistical relationships between the different physical parameters and/or their attributes. To this end, Zhdanov et al. (2012a) have recently developed a generalized theoretical framework for joint inversion using Gramian constraints. In this paper, we apply this general method to the solution of the problem of joint inversion of TMI and EM data. The case study of the joint inversion of airborne magnetic and electromagnetic data in the area of the Northwest Territories of Canada has demonstrated that joint inversion with Gramian constraints recovered the higher remanent magnetization typical of kimberlite pipes.
Effects of habitat, temperature, and sugar availability on longevity of Eriborus terebrans (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst) is the primary parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Michigan. Previous studies demonstrated that early in the growing season, E. terebrans adults are more abundant, and parasitize a greater proportion of O. nubilalis larvae, near wooded edges of cornfields. We hypothesized that E. terebrans requires a source of sugar and a moderate microclimate available in the woodlot, but not in the cornfield. Growth chamber and greenhouse experiments demonstrated that longevity of E. terebrans that are provided sugar was greater than those provided only water, or neither; and wasp longevity was greater at 25 than 35°c. In field experiments, wasps were caged in cornfields, woodlots, wooded fencerows, and herbaceous vegetation, early and late in the season. Longevity of E. terebrans adults was greater in woodlots than early season cornfields. Wasps lived longer in all habitats late in the season than early in the season. In all habitats, wasp longevity was enhanced by sugar. These and previous studies indicate that E. terebrans needs habitats adjacent to cornfields for sources of sugar and a moderate microclimate unavailable in early season corn. In annual agriculture, perennial habitats adjacent to crop fields may be necessary to provide the structure, stability, and resources needed for the successful conservation of natural enemies and effective biological control.
The Strategic Analysis of Current Situation of Human Resources for Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI) in Weishan Lake Area

Objective To strengthen the immunization program specialists troop construction and provide the reference for allocating human resources for EPI in a scientific way,we carried on the investigation and the analysis for immunization program's management and the present situation of immunity professionals in the Weishan Lake region in 2010.Methods We designed the unified survey form,adopted methods which were the organization investigation along with individual questionnaire survey,collecting the disposition situation of human resources for immunization program and staff's basic information in Weishan Lake region,and then conducted the statistical analysis after data entering database.Results The Weishan Lake region had total 15 towns as well as 17 outpatient service for inoculation,132 people had been engaged in the immunization program.The ratio of staff to gross population was 1.79/ten thousand.The high-level title,the intermediate title,the primary title and the group without title accounted for 0.76%,18.94%,53.79% and 26.52% respectively.For education,the undergraduate record,the technical college school record,the specialized middle school record,those who did not have the school record accounted for 12.88%,34.09%,46.97% and 6.06% respectively.Those who had work experience for 5 years,5-9 years,10-19 years,more than 20 years accounted for 29.55%,31.06%,18.94% and 20.45% respectively.Conclusion The present situation of human resources in Weishan Lake region can not totally meet the demands and advancements of EPI.Therefore,the public health department should strengthen the macroscopic management,carry on the suitable regulation and the reasonable disposition under the existing condition to satisfy the needs of EPI.
Health Status of Food and Catering Industry Employees in Chengde City During 2001—2008

[Objective]To understand the health status of food and catering industry employees in Chengde City during 2001—2008,and provide evidence for strengthening the quantitative management of food hygiene,preventing the epidemic of infectious diseases,controlling the spread of disease,and improving the quality of national health quality.[Methods]Epidemiological investigation was adopted to analyze the health examination results of employees of food and catering industry.[Results]By the end of 2008,totally 92 096 employees were examined in accumulation,2335 carried with Hepatitis B virus (HBV),the positive detection rate was 2.54%.The number of tuberculosis (TB) patients were 387,the positive detection rate was 0.42%;dysentery of 556 (0.60%);Syphilis of 222(0.24%);465 patients with skin diseases ( 0.50%).[Conclusion]The health status of people who engage in food and catering industry in chengde city is not optimistic.It is necessary to strengthen the health knowledge promotion and health examination of employees to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect people's health.
Management and Thinking of Medical Safety in Clinical Practice of Clinical Trainees of Professional Master's Degree

With the expanded enrollment of students pursing professional master's degree,there has been an increased number of candidates without practitioner qualification,which causes potential problems in medical safety during clinical skills training.By analyzing the possible factors related to clinical safety in clinical practice,we take related management measures to ensure medical safety and training quality of professional master's degree candidates.
SVEN: An Alternative Storyline Framework for Dynamic Graph Visualization

The world is a dynamic place, so when we use graphs to help understand real world problems the structure of such graphs inevitably changes over time. Understanding this change is important, but often challenging. Techniques for general purpose dynamic graph visualizations generally fall into one of two broad categories: animation or timeline based techniquesi¾?[2]. Simple approaches using animation or small multiples experience challenges with change blindness and "preserving the user's mental map"i¾?[1]. Storyline visualization techniquesi¾?[5, 7] hold promise, though these techniques were not originally designed as general purpose solutions for dynamic graph visualization.
Arterial Remodeling in B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Knock-Out Females

Sexual dimorphisms are recognized in cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, stroke, thrombosis and vasculitis. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A) agonist. The anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties of BNP are well established in male animal models. Although circulating BNP levels are higher in women, when compared to age-matched men, the cardiovascular protective propensity of BNP in females is poorly understood. We assessed the cardiovascular consequences of BNP deletion in genetically null (Nppb-/-) female rat lines. Throughout the study, blood pressure (BP) remained uninfluenced by genotype, and cardiorenal consequences of BNP knock out remained minor. Unexpectedly, approximately 60% of Nppb-/- females developed mesenteric polyarteritis-nodosa (PAN)-like vasculitis in their life span, some as early as 4 months of age. Mesenteric lesions involved intense arterial remodeling, progressive inflammation, occluded lumens, and less frequently intestinal necrosis and multiple visceral arterial aneurysms. Cumulative pathologies resulted in a significant decline in survival of the Nppb-/- female. This study highlights BNP's vasoprotective propensity, bringing to light a possible sex specific difference in the cardiovascular protection provided by BNP. Defects in the BNP/GC-A/cGMP pathway may play a role in arteriopathies in women, while GC-A agonists may provide effective therapy for arteritis.
Motor Explanations of Babbling and Early Speech Patterns

From the onset of canonical babbling, human vocal output is dominated by the cyclical open-close alternation of the mandible. Mandibular cyclicity has a long evolutionary history in sucking, licking and chewing in mammals, and also appears communicatively in lipsmacks, tonguesmacks and teeth chatters in other primates. It is argued that many of the articulatory regularities in the sound patterns of babbling, and early speech, which closely resembles babbling, (including consonants, vowels, syllables, and many of their detailed attributes) can be attributed directly to properties of this basic mandibular cycle. In addition, some interarticulator synergies evolving with the cycle, plus developmental limitations in changing locus of control between and within articulators during utterances, seem responsible for most other regularities in babbling and early speech.
FEA of CMUTs suitable for wide gas pressure range applications

The ability of ultrasound transducers to operate over a wide and varying pressure range is essential in applications such as ultrasonic flow metering (UFM) of flare gas. We propose a new operational mode for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), in which the plate is in permanent contact with the bottom of the cavity, even at zero DC bias and 1 atm pressure. Finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to investigate the performance of these CMUTs within the pressure range of 1 to 20 atm. First, we performed a static analysis to determine the plate deflection and, thus, the gap height. Further, from the static analysis, we obtained the static and free capacitances for calculating the coupling efficiency, and a modal analysis identified possible design geometries for frequencies lower than ∼ 300 kHz. Our calculations show that conventionally operated CMUTs have huge changes in static operational point at different pressures, while our proposed mode exhibits an acceptable frequency range (73–340 kHz) over 1–20 atm pressure and an improved coupling efficiency at lower dc bias voltages. A donut shape partial electrode further allows us to tune the coupling efficiency, which translates into a better performance, especially at the higher pressure range. FEA shows that our proposed operation mode is a promising solution for flare gas metering applications.
Simultaneous assessing the intracellular potassium and calcium concentrations noninvasively in vivo with high resolution fluorescence imaging

Intracellular potassium and calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining the membrane potential to the functioning cells, and the irregular changes of their concentrations can induce severe clinical problems (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, nerve dysfunction, kidney failure). Therefore, simultaneous assessing the intra-cellular potassium and calcium concentrations is clinically desired. Such assessments would benefit from tools which can perform high resolution imaging measurements noninvasively in vivo. Here we developed a high resolution fluorescence imaging technique to simultaneously image intra-cellular potassium and calcium concentrations from tissue level down to cellular resolution, and more importantly, with time-lapse imaging technique, we can track the dynamic concentration changes in response to functional or pharmacological stimuli in vivo.
INTEGER CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS FOR LIE ALGEBRA REPRESENTATIONS

Publisher Summary The importance of the Lie theory for applied mathematics and the physical sciences has grown substantially in recent years. In part, the renewed interest in the Lie theory can be attributed directly to the development of improved computational methods. Modern methods permit many important calculations involving the irreducible representations of semisimple Lie algebras to be carried out in a systematic and uniform way on an electronic digital computing machine using integer mode arithmetic. This chapter presents an historical survey of the use of computers in Lie algebra theory, with particular reference to computing the coupling and recoupling coefficients for the irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras of arbitrary type using Chevalley bases.
Single Lung Transplantation

Single lung transplants have become a reality. In the 1990s, the development of transplant teams will be an issue for OR nursing. Operating room nurses must be prepared to provide preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative nursing care for transplant patients. Although single lung transplant procedures still are in their infancy, the procedures continue to be refined through research and clinical evaluation. Single lung transplants are the key to the future for treating end-stage pulmonary disease.
Behavior Analysts' Use of and Beliefs in Treatments for People with Autism: A 5‐Year Follow‐up

As autism prevalence rises, parents of children with autism rely upon professionals to recommend the most effective treatment for their children. Historically, these professionals have chosen a range of treatments from empirically supported to nonempirically supported treatments. This study replicated and extended that work by surveying Board Certified Behavior Analysts to determine what treatments they promoted and used. Results showed that although most respondents used evidence-based, behavioral procedures, many did not. Influential stimuli most likely to contribute to behavior analysts' choices of treatments were beliefs in effectiveness, ease of implementation, and persuasion by others. Self-reported reinforcers for treatment use included perceived observed success, praise from others, and financial gain. Behavior analysts continue to use a variety of nonscientifically supported treatments, including those that have been deemed ineffective and harmful to people with autism. Future training of Board Certified Behavior Analysts must stress adherence to the ethical code for certified behavior analysts, adherence to data-based decision-making, and strict fealty to the scientific process in which all behavior analysts have been trained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The racialization of Arab panethnic identity: exploring students’ ingroup and outgroup social positionings

AbstractIslamophobia has become increasingly evident in the sociocultural landscape of the United States. The current political climate which centers on the influx of refugees and concerns of extremists has in effect othered individuals of Arab ancestry as a bounded group. Arab students represent a heterogeneous group of individuals, encompassing a variety of viewpoints that challenge the fixed and static notion of Arab identity. This study utilizes the concept of racialization to explore the ways that a group of Arab students within a predominantly white institution in the southern region were othered through the influence of a negative Arab image. Through case study methodology including interview and observational data, participants explained the multiple ways they were distanced and connected to the dominant group as well as other Arab students. Related to the ways participants navigated dominant norms to establish a sense of belonging, findings reveal that institutional leaders and practitioners need...
Quality improvement for HIV screening in a primary care resident clinic

ABSTRACTPrimary care physicians are responsible for the initiation of the preventive health screening tests and examinations for their patients. Resident physicians may be uncomfortable obtaining a sexual history from their patient. A performance improvement project was carried out in the resident clinic to see if we could improve HIV screening of our patients. With a cohesive effort between the faculty preceptors and residents, we were able to improve screening rates for HIV and improve some aspects, but not all, of sexual history taking for our population of patients. We identified two patients who screened positive for a rate of 1.4%.Abbreviations: CDC:
Simple Renal Cysts

Renal cysts are common incidental lesions found in the kidneys on various imaging modalities. The vast majority of these lesions are benign, meeting the criteria of a simple cyst. However, complicated benign cysts with hemorrhage can occur. PET/MR imaging allows for better PET evaluation of renal lesions as high-resolution anatomical information can be correlated with PET data. This allows for the detection of mild or subtle FDG uptake that would identify more suspicious lesions.
Wetland Plant Community Responses to the Interactive Effects of Simulated Nutrient and Sediment Loading: Implications for Coastal Restoration Using Mississippi River Diversions

The Mississippi River Delta Complex (MRDC) has experienced extensive wetland loss in the last century due, in part, to flood control levees that have isolated the lower Mississippi River and its sediment resource from adjacent wetlands. Reconnecting the River to these wetlands through diversions is being used and proposed on a larger scale for the future, to reduce wetland loss rates. However, some currently operating diversions (e.g., Caernarvon and Davis Pond) have been implicated in causing negative impacts on wetland ecosystem structure and function due to increased nutrient loads in diverted Mississippi River water combined with insufficient sediment delivery. Initial assessments of these concerns were carried out in a greenhouse setting where six nutrient enrichment treatment levels (control, NO3, NH4, PO4, SO4, and Combo [NO3 + NH4 + PO4 + SO4]) were applied with and without sediment addition to 60 marsh sods from a Sagittaria lancifolia-dominated oligohaline wetland at rates simulating the Davis Pond Diversion of the Mississippi River. After 25 months, independent enrichment with N (regardless of form) and sediment was generally beneficial to wetland structure and function, while SO4 enrichment had the opposite effect, regardless of sediment addition. Simultaneous application of N and P (i.e., the Combo treatment level) ameliorated the negative impacts of SO4-loading, but the concurrent application of sediment did not, likely because the loading rate was based on a diversion that was designed to deliver water and not to maximize sediment input. Nonetheless, sediment input is critical to the sustainability of MRDC wetlands experiencing high rates of deterioration. Thus, optimizing future diversions to maximize sediment delivery, along with continued surveillance of negative nutrient effects, are recommended management decisions.
Morphology and Macrostructure

The exterior morphology of meteorites recovered soon after fall is generally characterized by flight markings. Meteorites which have maintained a constant orientation during their fall have furrows on their forward surfaces radiating away from the apex. The rear surface is either unmarked or is furrowed, with the wavelength longer and amplitude smaller than on the forward surface. An excellent example of an oriented meteorite is the Cabin Creek iron (pp.40–41 of Mason, 1962a).
Hydrogen Heat Transfer in the Presence of Thermal-Acoustic Oscillations

Thermal-acoustic oscillations are self-induced hydraulic oscillations which appear to be caused by a coupling between heat transfer, pressure, density, and low in a system in which the fluid undergoes a change of phase, or a process similar to it, in the presence of film boiling. The oscillations are periodic and occur at frequencies which can be related to acoustic frequencies. A system which generated thermal-acoustic oscillations is shown in Fig. 1. The application of an increasing amount of heat to this system when liquid hydrogen was flowing through it first produced quiescent low, then irregular fluctuations which resemble those associated with slug flow [1], then quiescent flow again, and finally thermal-acoustic oscillations when the flow in the outlet 3/4 of the test section was gaseous. Within a range of wall-to-bulk fluid temperature ratios of less than 9.5, increasing the rate’ of heat generation increased the amplitude of the oscillations.
Tensors associated with time-dependent stress

It is assumed that six functional relations exist between the components of stress and their first m material time derivatives and the gradients of displacement, velocity, acceleration, second acceleration, ···, (n — l)th acceleration. It is shown that these relations may then be expressed as relations between the components of m + n + 2 symmetric tensors if n > m, and 2m + 2 symmetric tensors if m > n. Expressions for these tensors are obtained.
Chemistry and function of mammalian sebaceous lipids.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemistry and function of mammalian sebaceous lipids. Sebaceous glands are small organs of mammalian skin that secrete a lipid mixture, known as sebum, onto the skin surface. Anatomically, sebaceous glands are appendages of the epidermis and share some of its characteristics. For example, both types of tissues are made up of cells that have a short lifetime and have to be constantly replaced, and both are active sites of lipid synthesis. However, the types of lipids made are completely different. The chapter presents a study in which the lipid composition of sebum has been analyzed in detail for about 20 species. Each species produces sebum of a unique composition, although there are often similarities in composition within genera. Intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to cholesterol, which do not accumulate in other tissues, are fairly common sebum constituents. Even more common are a variety of mono- and diesters, which typically contain unusual fatty acids. The activity of sebaceous glands is under hormonal control. Androgenic hormones cause an increase in gland size by stimulating both the rate of cell division and the rate of lipid accumulation. The increase in androgen levels at puberty causes a large increase in the rate of sebum secretion. In humans, the increase is associated with the appearance of adolescent acne.
Effects of a Chitosan Oligomer on proliferation and morphology of SKOV-3 cells

4947 Chitosan is a derivative of chitin and is known to have immuno-enhancing effects, antitumor activities and increased protective effects against infection caused by certain pathogens. It is a polymer consisting of repeating units with a molecular weight of 348. Chitosan is known to be biodegradeable and non-toxic and is therefore tissue compatible. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of enzymatically degraded chitosan on SK-OV-3 cells, a highly aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. We hypothesized that the chitosan oligomer will decrease proliferation rate and cause changes in cell morphology. SKOV-3 cells (10,000/ml) were cultured in 25 cm3 flasks, allowed to attach for 24 hours and then treated over a period of four days with 0, 100, 250 and 500 μg/ml of chitosan oligomer(n=3 per treatment). Changes in proliferation and morphology were observed using hematoxin staining and MTT cell proliferation assay at the end of treatment. A significant decrease in proliferation was observed in all the chitosan oligomer treated cells. The decreased rate of proliferation was dose-dependent, with the 500 μg/ml treatment having the greatest decrease in growth relative to control. Differences in morphology were also observed in chitosan-treated cells compared to control. The chitosan treated SKOV-3 cells tended to be lean in shape compared to control. Some cells in the chitosan treatment also lost their adherent qualities and viability. In summary, chitosan treatment decreases SK-OV-3 cell proliferation and causes morphological changes in this cell line and may therefore be a natural alternative treatment for ovarian cancer.
Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks Due to Basilar Coccidioidal Meningitis With Coccidioma.

Coccidioidal meningitis typically presents with symptoms that may include headache, altered mental status including personality changes, fever, nausea, vomiting, gait abnormalities, and focal neuro...
Geochemistry and Managed Aquifer Recharge Basics

Groundwater over time approaches chemical equilibrium with respect to the reactive minerals present in an aquifer. Aquifers may contain some minerals that are essentially unreactive in that their dissolution and precipitation rates are exceedingly slow under the temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions that occur in most near-surface groundwater environments. Anthropogenic aquifer recharge (AAR) very commonly results in the introduction of water into an aquifer that is compositionally different from the native groundwater and in disequilibrium with aquifer minerals. Geochemical processes potentially active in AAR systems can decrease hydraulic conductivity (cause clogging), increase hydraulic conductivity by dissolving grains and cements, naturally attenuate contaminants present in recharged water, and adversely impact water quality by the release of dissolved ions (e.g., arsenic and metals). At a minimum, it is important to have at least a qualitative understanding of the geochemical processes that might be active in a given system and their potential impacts on system performance. Major aquifer recharge systems may require detailed mineralogical and water chemistry evaluations and geochemical modeling to predict and develop strategies to manage active geochemical processes.
Pilot study to inform young adults about the risks of electronic cigarettes through text messaging.

Abstract Introduction Young adults are rapidly adopting electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. The popularity of e-cigarettes among young people can be attributed to heavy industry advertising and misleading health claims. Data indicate that young e-cigarette users who have never used conventional cigarettes may transition toward smoking combustible cigarettes. Communicating e-cigarette risks via text messaging is limited. This pilot study assessed the impact of exposure to 16 text messages on e-cigarette knowledge and risk perception. The short text messages delivered to participants conveyed e-cigarette use may lead to addiction to nicotine and explained the latest health-related findings. Methods A two-group randomized pretest and posttest study was conducted among 95 racially, ethnically diverse young adults recruited from vocational training programs. Fifty percent of participants were randomized to receive either gain- or loss-framed messages. Knowledge and risk perceptions about e-cigarettes and tobacco use were assessed pre- and post-message exposure. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years, SD = 1.7. Current use of e-cigarettes was reported by 10.5% (10/95) and 27.4% (26/95) used a variety of other tobacco products. Findings revealed significant increases in knowledge about e-cigarettes after exposure to the messages (range for ps: p Conclusions This was a small-scale pilot requiring additional evidence to support the effectiveness of text messaging for increasing e-cigarette knowledge and risk perception. Future research may apply text messages to test new ways to educate young populations about tobacco use and consider addressing these messages to specific subgroups at high risk of use such as non-college bound young adults.
Mind the Gap: Gap Affordance Judgments of Children, Teens, and Adults in an Immersive Virtual Environment

Affordances are possibilities for action that depend on both an observer's capabilities and the properties of the environment. Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) have been used to examine affordances in adults, demonstrating that judgments about action capabilities are made similarly to the real world. However, less is known about affordance judgments in middle-aged children and adolescents in IVEs. Differences in rate of growth, decision criteria, and perceived risk could influence affordance judgments for children. In Experiment 1, children, teens, and adults stood in an IVE at ground level or at a height of 15 m, and were asked to view gaps of different widths. Across all age groups, estimates of gap crossing were underestimated at the higher height compared to the ground, consistent with reports of fear and risk of falling. Children, compared to adults, underestimated their maximum crossable gap compared to their actual crossable gap. To test whether this difference was specific to IVEs or a more generalized age effect, children and adults were tested on gap estimates in the real world in Experiment 2. This real world study showed no difference between children and adults, suggesting a unique contribution of the IVE to children's affordance judgments. We discuss the implications for using IVEs to study children's affordances.
Advanced Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Methods for Challenging Engineering Problems

The unique properties of the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method make it a very powerful numerical solver for engineering problems from different disciplines. The use of discontinuous basis functions and numerical fluxes enables many advanced techniques to be developed and implemented for the DGTD method. In this paper, our effort towards a flexible numerical solver based on the DGTD method is reviewed. The development of advanced techniques, such as dynamic h-adaptation based on adaptive Cartesian meshes, dynamic p-adaptation based on tetrahedral meshes, and multirate time integration, makes the DGTD method widely applicable to different problems.
Rehabilitation to Improve the Function and Quality of Life of Soft Tissue and Bony Sarcoma Patients

Sarcomas are bone and soft tissue tumors that can have significant effects on patient function and quality of life. Like most malignancies, treatment includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection, all of which also carry risks and long-term effects. A multidisciplinary rehabilitation plan can help minimize symptoms and sequelae which negatively affect the patient function and quality of life, including pain, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation fibrosis, activity restrictions following surgical excision, amputation, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and lymphedema. Patients should be evaluated by a rehabilitation specialist at any point during their diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship phase to determine appropriate interventions to minimize the impact of sarcomas and their treatment on patient function and quality of life.
Chapter 13 – Infiltration

This chapter describes infiltration of water into the soil. It presents four models of one-dimensional infiltration: the Lewis equation, Horton equation, Green and Ampt equation, and Philip equation. Two- and three-dimensional infiltration is touched upon, and Wooding's equation, widely used to characterize the infiltration of water away from a circular pond, is given. It is pointed out that multidimensional infiltration theory is dominated by the works of Philip. Redistribution is briefly discussed. The tension infiltrometer, also called the disc permeameter, is described. The tension infiltrometer is used to determine four hydraulic properties of the soil: unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, repellency, and mobility of chemicals, and each is discussed in the chapter. A simple method using an ellipsoidal equation, which requires no advanced mathematics, is given to describe multidimensional flow of water away from a circular source like the tension infiltrometer. A biography of Philip is given in the appendix.
Fetal brain development: adverse effects of intrauterine growth restriction and antenatal intervention

The fetal stage is a critical period for brain development.Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects the growth of fetus and impairs the brain development severely, resulting in long-term neurological sequelae such as motor and behavioral disorders.Since their brain underdevelopment originated in the uterus, postnatal interventions usually fail to improve the brain function.Then antenatal interventions become urgent to protect the brain, taurine has appeared a high practical value in improving the brain development.The adverse effects of IUGR on fetal brain development and the possibilities of antenatal interventions were introduced in this paper in order to improve the prognosis of the nervous system. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction; Fetus; Brain development; Abnormal neurobehavior; Taurine; Antenatal intervention
Cardiovascular Considerations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 with a Special Focus on Arrhythmia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has significant cardiovascular manifestations. Several studies to date have suggested worse outcomes occur in patients with elevated troponin levels. Among hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China, arrhythmias including malignant ventricular arrhythmia have been reported. Conduction abnormalities in COVID-19 patients have also been described. Additionally, there have been concerns raised regarding COVID-19-related myocarditis, of which reported biopsy-proven cases to date appear to be rare. In this review, we address COVID-19 concerns for the cardiologist and electrophysiologist, including arrhythmia and conduction abnormalities, myocarditis, and arrhythmia in critically ill patients; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in cardiac patients; hypercoagulability; and the drug properties of hydroxychloroquine as one of the potential therapies under review.
A contemporary update on glioblastoma: molecular biology, current management, and a vision towards bio-adaptable personalized care.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most fatal brain tumor in adults. Current survival rates of GBM remain below 2 years due to GBM’s aggressive cellular migration and genetically driven treatment escape pathways. Despite our rapidly increasing understanding of GBM biology, earlier diagnoses, and refined surgical techniques, only moderate survival benefits have been achieved. Nonetheless, the pressing need for better survival rates has brought forward a multitude of newer therapeutic approaches and opened the door for potential personalization of these modalities in the near future. We reviewed the published literature discussing the current state of knowledge regarding GBM biology and therapy and summarized the information that may point toward future personalized therapeutic strategies. Several novel modalities such as oncolytic viruses, targeted immune, and molecular therapies, and tumor treating fields have been introduced. To date, there is no single treatment modality for GBM, but rather a wide spectrum of combined modalities that address intratumoral cellular and genetic variabilities. While the current state of GBM research and clinical trial landscape may hold promise, current literature lacks any fruitful progress towards personalized GBM therapy. In this review, we are discussing our recent knowledge of the GBM genetic biologic landscape and the current advances in therapy, as well as providing a blueprint for an envisioned GBM management paradigm that should be personalized and adaptable to accommodate each patient’s diverse genetic variations and therapy response/escape patterns.
Performance on the Memory Validity Profile in a mixed clinic-referred pediatric sample.

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate performance on the Memory Validity Profile (MVP) in a mixed pediatric clinical population. Goal 1, assessing MVP pass rates, yielded a slightly hig...
Updates on management of headache in women and transgender women.

Purpose of review Gender differences exist in headache disorders. A greater understanding of the role of hormones in headache can help the clinician better approach and manage common primary headache disorders. Recent findings Recent studies highlight differences in how migraine and cluster headache present in women and men. Updates to the ongoing debate of how to manage the use of hormones in women with migraine, especially with aura, have been well reviewed in the last 18 months. A new meta-analysis evaluates gender differences in response to triptans. Summary This review will focus on recent updates on the role of gender and hormones on migraine and cluster headache and how this may influence treatment.
Primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube

Abstract This report of 5 cases of carcinoma of the oviduct emphasizes the poor prognosis resulting from the late appearance of symptoms and difficulty in diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis through routine semiannual physical examinations including cytologic studies may aid in increasing the cure rate.
Definition and Inquiry in Archytas

In Archytas of Tarentum, Carl Huffman reconstructs Archytas’ theory of definition by linking definitions to the mathematical study of ratios and proportions. This paper considers whether and how Ar...