cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multisystemic Therapy for Disruptive Behavior Problems in Youths With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Progress Report

Youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often engage in serious disruptive behaviors that interfere with their ability to successfully manage day-to-day responsibilities and contribute to relationship problems with caregivers, peers, and teachers. Effective treatments are needed to address the factors linked with disruptive behavior problems in this population of youths. Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a comprehensive family- and community-based treatment approach that has been effective with other difficult-to-treat populations of youths and holds promise for youths with ASD. In this article, we review the broad range of factors associated with disruptive behaviors among youths with ASD and discuss how MST interventions can be adapted to address those factors. We also present a framework for our adaptation of the MST model for youths with ASD. This framework includes a recently completed pilot study as well as an ongoing efficacy trial that together have served to identify key interventions for our adaptation of the MST model.
PTEN inhibits insulin-stimulated MEK/MAPK activation and cell growth by blocking IRS-1 phosphorylation and IRS-1/Grb-2/Sos complex formation in a breast cancer model

The tumour suppressor gene PTEN encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that recognizes protein substrates and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate. PTEN seems to play multiple roles in tumour suppression and the blockade of phosphoinositide-3-kinase signalling is important for its growth suppressive effects, although precise mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we show that PTEN plays a unique role in the insulin-signalling pathway in a breast cancer model. Ectopic expression of wild-type PTEN in MCF-7 epithelial breast cancer cells resulted in universal inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in response to stimulation by diverse growth factors and selective inhibition of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation stimulated by insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The latter was accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and the association of IRS-1 with Grb2/Sos, without affecting the phosphorylation status of the insulin receptor and Shc, nor Shc/Grb2 complex formation. The MEK inhibitor, PD980059, but not the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, abolished the effect of PTEN on insulin-stimulated cell growth. Without addition of insulin, wortmannin reduced PTEN-mediated growth suppression, whereas PD980059 had little effect, suggesting that PTEN suppresses insulin-stimulated cell growth by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, PD980059 treatment led to the downregulation of cyclin D1 and the suppression of cell cycle progression. Our data suggest that PTEN blocks MAPK phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-1/Grb2/Sos complex formation, which leads to downregulation of cyclin D1, inhibition of cell cycle progression and suppression of cell growth.
Molecular Biology and Ontogeny of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptors in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. After release from nerve terminals, GABA binds to at least two classes of postsynaptic receptors (ie, GABAA and GABAB), which are nearly ubiquitous in the brain. GABAA receptors are postsynaptic heteropentameric complexes that display unique physiologic and pharmacologic properties based on subunit composition. Activation of GABAA receptors in mature neurons results in membrane hyperpolarization, which is mediated principally by inward chloride flux, whereas in early stages of brain development, GABAA receptor activation causes depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. GABA, receptors reside both presynaptically and postsynaptically, exist as heterodimers and are coupled to voltage-dependent ion channels through interactions with heterotrimeric G proteins. This review summarizes the molecular biology and ontogeny of GABAA and GABAB receptors, highlighting some of their putative roles during normal brain development as well as in disease states such as epilepsy.
Jet Flames with Radial Air Injection: Oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Abstract Experiments were conducted in which air was injected radially into simple, nonpremixed, jet flames at axial locations of either 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 times the visible flame length (Lo). One objective of these experiments was to determine if NOx emissions could be lowered by enhanced mixing of air into the broadened reaction zones that lie near the flame tip. Also of interest were the emissions of carbon monoxide and NO2-to-NOxt ratios. Experiments were conducted with fuel jet Reynolds numbers of 8, 100 and 34,800 for methane and propane fuels, respectively. Radial air injection dramatically altered the flame shape from a relatively slender jet to a ball flame. Air injection reduced global flame residence times only for injection at x/Lo = 0.25. NOx emissions generally increased, rather than decreased, with air injection, although a decreasing trend was observed after an initial increase in some cases. The combined effects of residence times and radiant heat losses are thought to govern these trend...
Light-induced fluorescence of the human cervix decreases after prostaglandin application for induction of labor at term

Abstract Objective To define the changes in cervical light-induced fluorescence (LIF), an index of cross-linked collagen, after the use of locally applied prostaglandin preparations for labor induction at term and the correlation between LIF and Bishop-Score. Study design The characteristic LIF of cervical collagen was measured from the surface of the cervix using a specially designed instrument (collascope) in 41 gravidas undergoing labor induction at term by prostaglandins. LIF and Bishop-Score were obtained directly before and 4 h after the administration of prostaglandin. Paired Student's t -test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Linear Regression, Spearman correlation and Fisher Exact test were used as appropriate. Results Cervical LIF decreased significantly after prostaglandin application (0.982 ± 0.04 [before] to 0.885 ± 0.037 [after], p = 0.025). The decrease in LIF correlated with the initial LIF before PG-application ( r = 0.61). The Bishop-Score increased in all 41 patients. No correlation was found between LIF versus Bishop-Score. Conclusions Cervical application of prostaglandins decreases the amount of cross-linked collagen as measured by LIF. This effect was observed only in patients with a prior high cross-linked collagen.
Chromatographically isolated CD63+CD81+ extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells rescue cognitive impairments after TBI

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells present an attractive strategy for developing new therapies, but progress in the field is limited by several issues: The quality of the EVs varies with the type and physiological status of the producer cells; protocols used to isolate the EVs are difficult to scale up; and assays for efficacy are difficult to develop. In the present report, we have addressed these issues by using human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) that produce EVs when incubated in a protein-free medium, preselecting the preparations of MSCs with a biomarker for their potency in modulating inflammation, incubating the cells in a chemically defined protein-free medium that provided a stable environment, isolating the EVs with a scalable chromatographic procedure, and developing an in vivo assay for efficacy of the cells in suppressing neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. In addition, we demonstrate that i.v. infusion of the isolated EVs shortly after induction of TBI rescued pattern separation and spatial learning impairments 1 mo later.
Electron Transfer between RE3+ Ions in Oxide Hosts: Experiments and Initial Quantitative Analysis

It is known that acceptor ions such as Eu, Yb, and Sm can strongly quench Ce 5d→4f luminescence via electron transfer (ET). Prior work has given estimates for the distance dependence for electron transfer [1] and the extent of quenching for different acceptor ions in the same host (at least for Pr S0 emission [2]). In this presentation, we attempt to expand upon this work by drawing the analogy between molecular/solution based ET [3] and these ET reactions. This quantitative analysis is done using the semi-classical description of ET from Marcus theory [3]:
The effect of externally applied pressure on post-fracture swelling.

A tibial fracture in the rabbit was used as a model of post-fracture swelling. A maximum increase in limb volume of 30 per cent was observed two to three days after injury. This swelling was significantly limited by an external pressure of ten millimeters of mercury applied by means of an air splint. On discontinuing the pressure, a "rebound" swelling was consistently observed, but nevertheless, the maximum swelling was dramatically reduced in the treated limbs when safe pressures were not exceeded.
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

This note describese the chi-square statistic as applied to goodness-of-fit tests. Goodness-of-fit tests check to see how closely a sample matches a particular probability distribution (e.g., normal, Poisson, binomial).
Fiber optic microprobes with rare-earth-based phosphor tips for proton beam characterization

We investigated the feasibility of using fiber optics probes with rare-earth-based phosphor tips for proton beam radiation dosimetry. We designed and fabricated a fiber probe with submillimeter resolution based on TbF3 phosphors and evaluated its performance for measurement of proton beams including profiles and range. The fiber optic probe, embedded in tissue-mimicking plastics, was irradiated with a clinical proton beam and the luminescence spectroscopy was performed by a CCD-coupled spectrograph to analyze the emission spectra of the fiber tip. By using a linear fitting algorithm we extracted the contribution of the ionoluminescence signal to obtain the percentage depth dose in phantoms and compared that with measurements performed with a standard ion chamber. We observed a quenching effect in the spread out Bragg peak region, manifested as an under-responding of the signal due to the high linear energy transfer of the beam. However, the beam profiles measurements were not affected by the quenching effect indicating that the fiber probes can be used for high-resolution measurements of proton beams profile.
The C2 Domain and Altered ATP-Binding Loop Phosphorylation at Ser359 Mediate the Redox-Dependent Increase in Protein Kinase C-δ Activity

The diverse roles of protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) in cellular growth, survival, and injury have been attributed to stimulus-specific differences in PKCδ signaling responses. PKCδ exerts membrane-delimited actions in cells activated by agonists that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. PKCδ is released from membranes as a Tyr(313)-phosphorylated enzyme that displays a high level of lipid-independent activity and altered substrate specificity during oxidative stress. This study identifies an interaction between PKCδ's Tyr(313)-phosphorylated hinge region and its phosphotyrosine-binding C2 domain that controls PKCδ's enzymology indirectly by decreasing phosphorylation in the kinase domain ATP-positioning loop at Ser(359). We show that wild-type (WT) PKCδ displays a strong preference for substrates with serine as the phosphoacceptor residue at the active site when it harbors phosphomimetic or bulky substitutions at Ser(359.) In contrast, PKCδ-S359A displays lipid-independent activity toward substrates with either a serine or threonine as the phosphoacceptor residue. Additional studies in cardiomyocytes show that oxidative stress decreases Ser(359) phosphorylation on native PKCδ and that PKCδ-S359A overexpression increases basal levels of phosphorylation on substrates with both phosphoacceptor site serine and threonine residues. Collectively, these studies identify a C2 domain-pTyr(313) docking interaction that controls ATP-positioning loop phosphorylation as a novel, dynamically regulated, and physiologically relevant structural determinant of PKCδ catalytic activity.
What is an Emergency Ethics Consultation

Emergency medical consultations share with other emergencies the need for prompt action, potentially without information or tools ordinarily available.
Routes of Resistance: Mobilizing Discourses of Opportunity in Ann Petry’s The Street and Austin Clarke’s The Meeting Point

ABSTRACTAnn Petry’s The Street and Austin Clarke’s The Meeting Point provide important representations and affirmations of black people’s use of movements such as educational attainment and economic advancement to create routes to resist inequitable treatment and demand equal access to the benefits of belonging to American and Canadian national communities. In The Street, Lutie employs intellectual and economic movements to achieve her American dream but learns that systematic inhibitions block her intended ascension. In The Meeting Point, Bernice also tries to attain education and make financial strides to achieve her Canadian dream but finds herself barred from fully materializing that dream. Lutie and Bernice continue their quests to fulfill their mobility ideals, despite obstructions they face. Through that movement, which is driven by their knowledge of the implications of their exclusions from promises of the nations they call home, they counter boundaries intended to restrict them. While they do no...
Common Electric Power Grid GIS Platform Oriented Architecture for Electric Power Grid GIS Applications

The technical trend of building the enterprise common electric power grid geographic information system(GIS) platform has broken through the traditional architecture of developing applications directly based on the GIS platform.A new common GIS platform centered architecture of electric power grid GIS applications is proposed to suit the technical development need.According to an in-depth analysis of GIS application requirements of the electric power grid enterprise,the concept of designing position-sensitive,grid-sensitive and application-neutral GIS platform is proposed.Four type GIS applications are summarized and an integration solution is proposed to optimize the data distribution and functional collaboration between GIS platform and GIS applications including some typical application scenarios.This architecture has been applied in "SG186" project of State Grid Corporation of China and can take full advantage of the function of the key position and basic support of the common electric power grid GIS platform and ensure the data consistency of position,equipment,and topology of the electric power grid.
Genetic approach to the study of the sporogonic cycle in Plasmodium

The development of transformation and mutagenesis techniques of the two species of Plasmodium most studied--Plasmodium falciparum (human parasite) and Plasmodium berghei (rodent parasite)--opens new perspectives for the molecular study on the parasite sporogonic cycle in the insect vector. The parasite's stages that can be genetically transformed (the asexual erythrocytic stages) and gametocytes. The function of proteins coded by genes present in single copy in the genome can thus be studied after only one recombination. Furthermore, most of the genes expressed during the sporogonic cycle are not during the erythrocytic stages, which makes possible the isolation of the erythrocytic cycles of parasites with a mutation in a gene which is essential to the development of the sporogonic cycle. Finally, the Plasmodium berghei model is particularly advantageous in that the entire cycle of this species of Plasmodium can be easily maintained in the laboratory. The species also appears to be easier to manipulate genetically than Plasmodium falciparum. Let us take the example of two surface proteins of Plasmodium sporozoites: the circumsporozoite proteins (CS) and the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP). Both of these proteins have already been characterized in detail. Each of them possesses motives present in numerous protein of cell-cell or extracellular cell-matrice adhesion. The selective destruction of both genes has shown that both proteins also play a role in the development of the parasite within the mosquito. The CS protein is essential to the formation of sporozoites in the mosquito's intestinal oocysts, whereas the TRAP protein is essential for the sporozoites to have the power to invade the secreting cells of the mosquito's salivary glands as well as the host's hepatocytes. Using the mutagenous system for P. berghei should thus help elucidate the function of the important products expressed by the parasite during its development cycle in the vector mosquito as well as analyse the structure-function relationship of these products. It is possible that the molecular dissection of the parasite-mosquito interaction will lead to new approaches in the prevention of parasite transmission.
Hydration assessment among marathoners using urine specific gravity and bioelectrical impedance analysis.

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the relationship between urine specific gravity (Usg), body mass (BM) and bioelectrical impedance determined variables [total body water (TBW), per cent TBW and impedance values] before and after a marathon (n = 25 men; 10 women). A significant reduction in BM (pre: 71.2 ± 12.4 kg; post: 69.6 ± 12.0 kg; p < 0.001) and an increase in Usg (pre: 1.009 ± 0.007; post: 1.018 ± 0.009; p < 0.001) was observed post-race. TBW was not significantly decreased (pre: 42.7 ± 8.0 kg; post: 42.4 ± 7.7 kg) while per cent TBW significantly increased post-race (pre: 60.0 ± 3.9%; post: 60.8 ± 3.8%; p < 0.001). Impedance values were significantly greater post-race (pre: 3288 ± 482; post: 3416 ± 492 Ω; p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the change in Usg and the change in BM or any of the bioelectrical impedance determined variables. On average, BM, Usg and impedance values appear to express changes in hydration; however, the observed changes among these variables for a given individ...
Toward thick legitimacy: Creating a web of legitimacy for agroecology

Legitimacy is at the heart of knowledge politics surrounding agriculture and food. When people accept industrial food practices as credible and authoritative, they are consenting to their use and existence. With their thick legitimacy, industrial food systems paralyze the growth of alternative agricultures, including agroecology. Questions of how alternative agricultures can attain their own thick legitimacy in order to compete with, and displace, that of industrial food have not yet attracted much scrutiny. We show that both agroecological and scientific legitimacy grow out of a web of legitimation processes in the scientific, policy, political, legal, practice, and civic arenas. Crucially, legitimation often comes through meeting what we call ‘credibility tests’. Agroecologists can learn to navigate these co-constituted, multiple bases of legitimacy by paying attention to how credibility tests are currently being set in each arena, and beginning to recalibrate these tests to open more room for agroecology. Using a schematic of three non-exclusive pathways, we explore some possible practical interventions that agroecologists and other advocates of alternative agricultures could take. These pathways include: leveraging, while also reshaping, the existing standards and practices of science; extending influence into policy, legal, practical, and civic arenas; and centering attention on the ethical legitimacy of food systems. We conclude that agroecologists can benefit from considering how to build legitimacy for their work
Patient-Specific Cranial Nerve Identification Using a Discrete Deformable Contour Model for Skull Base Neurosurgery Planning and Simulation

In this paper, we present a minimally supervised method for the identification of the intra-cranial portion of cranial nerves, using a novel, discrete 1-Simplex 3D active contour model. The clinical applications include planning and personalized simulation of skull base neurosurgery. The centerline of a cranial nerve is initialized from two user-supplied end points by computing a Minimal Path. The 1-Simplex is a Newtonian model for vertex motion, where every non-endpoint vertex has 2-connectivity with neighboring vertices, with which it is linked by edges. The segmentation behavior of the model is governed by the equilibrium between internal and external forces. The external forces include an image force that favors a centered path within high-vesselness points. The method is validated quantitatively using synthetic and real MRI datasets.
Factors Influencing Advance Care Planning Among Older Adults in Two Socioeconomically Diverse Living Communities

Background/Objectives:Advance care planning (ACP) is an iterative, complex, and dynamic process of discussion, decision-making, and documentation about end-of-life care. The extent to which this pr...
Postpartum hemorrhage following vaginal delivery: risk factors and maternal outcomes.

Limited understanding of risk factors exists for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) post-vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for PPH post-vaginal delivery within a contemporary obstetric cohort. Retrospective case–control study. PPH was classified by an estimated blood loss ⩾500 ml. Risk factors for PPH were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. We secondarily investigated maternal outcomes and medical and surgical interventions for PPH management. The study cohort comprised 159 cases and 318 controls. Compared with a second-stage duration <2 h, a second stage⩾3 h was associated with PPH (adjusted odds ratio=2.3; 95% CI=1.2 to 4.6). No other clinical or obstetric variables were identified as independent risk factors for PPH. Among cases, 4% received red blood cells and 1% required intensive care admission. Although PPH-related morbidity may be uncommon after vaginal delivery, PPH should be anticipated for women after a second stage ⩾3 h.
Racial group categorization in minority drug use studies.

Dr. Hammig et al. (1) presented a study investigating the electronic cigarette initiation among minority youth in the United States. However, there are several aspects that need to be addressed whi...
Noise Demand, Limits of Arbitrage, and Stock Price Bubbles: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions

We hypothesize there is an increased noise demand for stocks of acquirers in response to acquisition announcements and that the demand is greater for acquirers with higher uncertainty in their equity valuation. Using idiosyncratic volatility to measure uncertainty, we find support for limits of arbitrage theories. Announcement period abnormal returns are higher for more uncertain acquirers, but the return pattern reverses over the longer term, resembling a transitory price bubble. The bubble is greater when deal and firm characteristics exacerbate the limits of arbitrage and it weakens over time. Also, transactions by more uncertain acquirers are more likely to fail.
Quality of life after resection of a chordoma of the mobile spine

Aims The aim of the study was to compare measures of the quality of life (QOL) after resection of a chordoma of the mobile spine with the national averages in the United States and to assess which factors influenced the QOL, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and coping with pain post-operatively in these patients. Patients and Methods A total of 48 consecutive patients who underwent resection of a primary or recurrent chordoma of the mobile spine between 2000 and 2015 were included. A total of 34 patients completed a survey at least 12 months post-operatively. The primary outcome was the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety, depression and pain interference questionnaires. Data which were recorded included the indication for surgery, the region of the tumour, the number of levels resected, the status of the surgical margins, re-operations, complications, neurological deficit, length of stay in hospital and rate of re-admission. Results The median EQ-5D-3L score was 0.71 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.44 to 0.79) which is worse than the national average in the United States of 0.85 (p < 0.001). Anxiety (median: 55 (IQR 49 to 61), p = 0.031) and pain (median: 61 (IQR 56 to 68), p < 0.001) were also worse than the national average in the United States (50), while depression was not (median: 52 (IQR 38 to 57), p = 0.513). Patients who underwent a primary resection had better QOL and less anxiety, depression and pain compared with those who underwent resection for recurrent or residual disease. The one- and five-year probabilities were 0.96 and 0.74 for survival, 0.07 and 0.25 for tumour recurrence, and 0.02 and 0.16 for developing distant metastasis. A total of 25 local complications occurred in 20 patients (42%), and there were 50 systemic and other complications in 25 patients (52%) within 90 days. Conclusion These patient reported outcomes and oncological and surgical outcomes can be used when counselling patients and to aid decision-making when planning surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:979–86.
On-chip capacitive sensing and tilting motion estimation of a micro-stage for in situ MEMS gyroscope calibration

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a novel on-chip capacitive sensor design and a motion estimation method for measuring multi-axis out-of-plane tilting motion of a micro-stage that is used for in situ calibration of an integrated MEMS gyroscope. On-chip sensing and motion estimation is critical for this application, since precision in measuring high frequency tilting motion of the micro-stage determines how accurately an on-stage MEMS gyroscope can be calibrated in the field with respect to this motion. To obtain decoupled sensing signals from multi-axis out-of-plane tilting motion, a capacitive sensing layout with high off-axis signal rejection capability is introduced. With the proposed design specifications and range of tilting motion, a dual axis capacitive sensor model is developed, and simulation results show that the sensor is able to reject more than 99.90% of the off-axis signal. The sensor also permits detection of perturbations to stage geometry due to ambient temperature variation through the effects of nonlinear behavior on signal timing. To measure tilting motion with the obtained sensing signal, a motion estimator with extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is also developed. With assistance of a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), experiments are performed to identify the parameters of the motion estimator and validate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate a 286 ppm error in scale factor calibration of a commercial MEMS gyroscope by the micro-stage with moderate temperature variation.
Working with Parents: Implications for Individual Psychotherapeutic Work with Children and Adolescents

Child psychotherapists recognize that working with parents is an indispensable part of working individually with child and adolescent patients. Children and adolescents are typically referred by th...
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Financing Report 2009

This report looks at informal money and venture capital invested in the countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2009.
Bioprinting microbial communities to examine interspecies interactions in time and space

Bioprinting experiments have emerged as an approach for studying complex cellular interactions in the context of spatial structure, ranging from intracellular networks to interspecies interactions in communities. Despite the progress made in developing and optimizing computational modeling parameters to recapitulate these interactions in silico, experimental verification of model predictions in vitro is often elusive, due to the limits of common laboratory culturing methods, especially at the micro- and nanoscale. In this work, micro-scale bioprinting was used to evaluate the spatiotemporal effects of metabolite sharing between partners in an artificial syntrophic consortium consisting of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Micro-colonies of these bacteria were patterned at increasing spatial separation distances, in the presence of competitor or cooperator strains. Growth of the consortium members was evaluated and compared to predictions generated by a bacterial growth modeling platform known as Computation of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space (COMETS). In close agreement with simulation, experimental metabolite sharing between micro-colonies exhibited strong distance-dependency. When bioprinted micro-colonies were confronted with one-way or two-way diffusion barriers, such as the intervention of cooperative or competitive bacteria, experimental results showed that spatial positioning of the barriers critically influences metabolite sharing between consortium members. These results were generally predicted by simulation in COMETS. Our results demonstrate the utility of micro-scale bioprinting to experimentally test which aspects of predictive microbial growth models hold at this spatial scale, and for a range of synthetic biology applications.
Pop-Up Conducting Large-Area Biographene Kirigami.

We demonstrate the rapid, large-area transformation of bioenabled graphene laminates into multidimensional geometries for pop-up and stretchable applications. Water-vapor annealing facilitates the controlled plasticization of the multilayered silk–graphene morphologies, allowing highly localized kirigami cuts by programmable drag knife with diverse type and depth of cuts. By adjusting drag-knife depth, we can generate a microscale array of full and partial cuts, enabling a purely topological approach toward the control of metastable fold–unfold states and crack fracture paths in kirigami structures. Through orthogonal control over the graphene–silk compositeʼs nanoscale morphology, cut pattern, and semimetal-like conductivity, we showcase bioenabled laminates as a platform for prospective soft and shape-transforming electronics as flexible interconnects and stretchable energy harvesters.
Addressing Psychometric Limitations of the Attentional Control Scale via Bifactor Modeling and Item Modification

The purpose of this three-part study was to identify and correct psychometric limitations of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS; Derryberry & Reed, 2002) via bifactor modeling and item modification...
Martin Luther King Jr.’s white moderates and moderate Baptists: Moderateness as betrayal of the gospel:

In his 1963 “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King Jr. criticizes “the white moderate,” identifying them as empathizing with the Civil Rights Movement, but not acting upon it. King’s “...
Application of Random Vibration Method to Safety and Damage Analysis of Buildings and Structures

Abstract The recent developments of a method of modeling and analysis of inelastic structural systems under random excitation are summarized. The method is based on a differential equation model for hysteretic resorting force and an equivalent linearization procedure for solutions of response statistics. Modeling and consideration of system degradation, biaxial interaction and cumulative damage in the prediction of structural performance and safety are emphasized. Applications of the method to a variety of structural systems under earthquake excitation are given and compared with field evidence, including damage and collapse of buildings and the supporting soil system, and liquefaction of soil deposits.
Retiform purpura: A diagnostic approach

Retiform purpura is a specific morphology within the spectrum of reticulate eruptions of vascular origin. It develops when blood vessels serving the skin are compromised resulting in downstream cutaneous ischemia, purpura, and necrosis. Identifying retiform purpura is important particularly in the acutely ill patient. It may elucidate the underlying diagnosis, provide prognostic information, and suggest a treatment approach. The differential diagnosis of retiform purpura is vast, reflecting the myriad conditions that can lead to cutaneous vessel wall damage or lumen occlusion. In this article, we give an overview of the differential diagnosis of this cutaneous morphology, provide an approach to workup, and highlight updates in treatment of some of the more common conditions that manifest as retiform purpura.
An Artificial Neural Network-based Predictive Model to Support Optimization of Inpatient Glycemic Control

Background: Achieving glycemic control in critical care patients is of paramount importance, and has been linked to reductions in mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and morbiditie...
Time-Sequenced Optical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Gallium Arsenide

A method of optical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance is demonstrated in which optical nuclear polarization, spin resonance, and optical detection are separated into distinct sequential periods and separately optimized by varying the optical, rf, and static fields. Experiments on the bulk 69Ga resonance of GaAs show that sites imperceptibly perturbed by the optically relevant defect are optically observable with the rf applied in the dark. A signal-to-noise analysis is given that relates the sensitivity to readily measured material properties and indicates applicability to dilute defects.
Validation of a G-Band Differential Absorption Cloud Radar for Humidity Remote Sensing

AbstractDifferential absorption radar (DAR) offers an active remote sensing solution to the problem of measuring humidity profiles with high vertical and horizontal resolution in hydrometeor layers...
The Plant Pathology 2020 challenge dataset to classify foliar disease of apples

Apple orchards in the U.S. are under constant threat from a large number of pathogens and insects. Appropriate and timely deployment of disease management depends on early disease detection. Incorrect and delayed diagnosis can result in either excessive or inadequate use of chemicals, with increased production costs, environmental, and health impacts. We have manually captured 3,651 high-quality, real-life symptom images of multiple apple foliar diseases, with variable illumination, angles, surfaces, and noise. A subset, expert-annotated to create a pilot dataset for apple scab, cedar apple rust, and healthy leaves, was made available to the Kaggle community for 'Plant Pathology Challenge'; part of the Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC) workshop at CVPR 2020 (Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition). We also trained an off-the-shelf convolutional neural network (CNN) on this data for disease classification and achieved 97% accuracy on a held-out test set. This dataset will contribute towards development and deployment of machine learning-based automated plant disease classification algorithms to ultimately realize fast and accurate disease detection. We will continue to add images to the pilot dataset for a larger, more comprehensive expert-annotated dataset for future Kaggle competitions and to explore more advanced methods for disease classification and quantification.
Rework Management: A Current Perspective

Rework is defined as work that must be performed again to fix a condition that was caused during the conduct of work. It occurs in all management and industrial environments. This has always been acknowledged, but quantifying the amount and identifying the underlying problems are recent efforts that are beginning to pay dividends. This paper discusses the efforts of the Norfolk Naval Shipyard Production Department to identify, quantify, analyze, and solve basic rework problems. Key to the effectiveness of the program is the organization developed to manage this process. A discussion of significant successes is included.
Urban Water Revolution: Sustainable Water Futures for California Cities

AbstractCalifornia has consistently altered natural water resources to provide water for its growing population and to support the fifth largest economy in the world. However, the old ways of copin...
Abstract 29: Cost-effectiveness of Inpatient Case Management for Heart Failure Patients

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated that approximately 5.7 million Americans suffer from heart failure (HF). The direct costs of HF have been estimated at $39.3 billion, and the annual cost...
Spectral correction of turbulent energy damping on wind lidar measurements due to spatial averaging

Abstract. Continuous advancements in LiDAR technology have enabled compelling wind turbulence measurements within the atmospheric boundary layer with range gates shorter than 20 m and sampling frequency of the order of 10 Hz. However, estimates of the radial velocity from the back-scattered laser beam are inevitably affected by an averaging process within each range gate, generally modeled as a convolution between the actual velocity projected along the LiDAR line-of-sight and a weighting function representing the energy distribution of the laser pulse along the range gate. As a result, the spectral energy of the turbulent velocity fluctuations is damped within the inertial sub-range with respective reduction of the velocity variance, and, thus, not allowing to take advantage of the achieved spatio-temporal resolution of the LiDAR technology. In this article, we propose to correct this turbulent energy damping on the LiDAR measurements by reversing the effect of a low-pass filter, which can be estimated directly from the LiDAR measurements. LiDAR data acquired from three different field campaigns are analyzed to describe the proposed technique, investigate the variability of the filter parameters and, for one dataset, assess the procedure for spectral LiDAR correction against sonic anemometer data. It is found that the order of the low-pass filter used for modeling the energy damping on the LiDAR velocity measurements has negligible effects on the correction of the second-order statistics of the wind velocity. In contrast, its cutoff frequency plays a significant role in the spectral correction encompassing the smoothing effects connected with the LiDAR gate length.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis underlie the hepatotoxicity of perhexiline.

Perhexiline is an anti-anginal drug developed in the late 1960s. Despite its therapeutic success, it caused severe hepatoxicity in selective patients, which resulted in its withdrawal from the market. In the current study we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of perhexiline. In primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells, and HepG2 cells, perhexiline induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Perhexiline treatment also caused a significant increase in caspase 3/7 activity at 2 h and 4 h. Pretreatment with specific caspase inhibitors suggested that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways contributed to perhexiline-induced cytotoxicity, which was confirmed by increased expression of TNF-α, cleavage of caspase 3 and 9 upon perhexiline treatment. Moreover, perhexiline caused mitochondrial dysfunction, demonstrated by the classic glucose-galactose assay at 4 h and 24 h. Results from JC-1 staining suggested perhexiline caused loss of mitochondrial potential. Blocking mitochondrial permeability transition pore using inhibitor bongkrekic acid attenuated the cytotoxicity of perhexiline. Western blotting analysis also showed decreased expression level of pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and increased expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bad. Direct measurement of the activity of individual components of the mitochondrial respiratory complex demonstrated that perhexiline strongly inhibited Complex IV and Complex V and moderately inhibited Complex II and Complex II + III. Overall, our data demonstrated that both mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis underlies perhexiline-induced hepatotoxicity.
Reverse Outlines: Fueling Revision & Preparing for Writing Conferences

Writing is an iterative process. From draft to draft, a text can (and often should) undergo substantial transformation as the writer figures out what to communicate to the reader and how to do so effectively. But revising can be daunting. Revision requires that writers embrace the possibility—and really the strong likelihood—that parts of their writing should be re-worked. This article explores how to use Reverse Outlining (a.k.a. post-draft outline) as a targeted revision task. This process-based approach to writing promotes metacognitive development by validating student growth and competency in the writing process.
A Multi-platform Approach to Monitoring Negative Dominance for COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Information Online.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the appearance of negative dominance in COVID-19 vaccine-related information and activity online. We hypothesized that if negative dominance appeared, it would be a reflection of peaks in adverse events related to the vaccine, that negative content would attract more engagement on social media than other vaccine-related posts, and posts referencing adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination would have a higher average toxicity score. METHODS: We collected data using Google Trends for search behavior, CrowdTangle for social media data, and Media Cloud for media stories, and compared them against the dates of key adverse events related to COVID-19. We used Communalytic to analyze the toxicity of social media posts by platform and topic. RESULTS: While our first hypothesis was partially supported, with peaks in search behavior for image and YouTube videos driven by adverse events, we did not find negative dominance in other types of searches or patterns of attention by news media or on social media. CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence in our data to prove the negative dominance of adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination on social media. Future studies should corroborate these findings and, if consistent, focus on explaining why this may be the case.
Development of Custom Wall-Less Cardiovascular Flow Phantoms with Tissue-Mimicking Gel

Flow phantoms are used in experimental settings to aid in the simulation of blood flow. Custom geometries are available, but current phantom materials present issues with degradability and/or mimicking the mechanical properties of human tissue. In this study, a method of fabricating custom wall-less flow phantoms from a tissue-mimicking gel using 3D printed inserts is developed. A 3D blood vessel geometry example of a bifurcated artery model was 3D printed in polyvinyl alcohol, embedded in tissue-mimicking gel, and subsequently dissolved to create a phantom. Uniaxial compression testing was performed to determine the Young’s moduli of the five gel types. Angle-independent, ultrasound-based imaging modalities, Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) and Blood Speckle Imaging (BSI), were utilized for flow visualization of a straight channel phantom. A wall-less phantom of the bifurcated artery was fabricated with minimal bubbles and continuous flow demonstrated. Additionally, flow was visualized through a straight channel phantom by VFI and BSI. The available gel types are suitable for mimicking a variety of tissue types, including cardiac tissue and blood vessels. Custom, tissue-mimicking flow phantoms can be fabricated using the developed methodology and have potential for use in a variety of applications, including ultrasound-based imaging methods. This is the first reported use of BSI with an in vitro flow phantom.
The Law School as a White Space

In this moment when the country is undergoing a racial reckoning, when law schools have pledged to look inward and become anti-racist and truly inclusive, it is past time to acknowledge how law schools function as “white spaces.” For starters, there are the numbers. There is a reason why just a few years ago, The Washington Post ran a headline describing law as “the least diverse profession in the nation.” But the argument goes beyond numbers. This Essay argues that law schools—even law schools at HBCUs— function as white spaces. They are white spaces in what they teach, in how they teach, and even in their architecture. The end goal of the essay, however, is not solely to describe law schools as white spaces—nor is the goal simply to challenge law schools to do better. Given that this country is slated to tip from being majority white to majority minority in the year 2044, it should already be a given that law schools must step up. Rather, the end goal is to check, and even disturb, the very foundations upon which most law schools are built. It is to reexamine the walls and the insulation that allow some students to thrive, while keeping others out. It is to dare law schools—to dare all of us—to imagine a new construction, an entirely new law school. In short, the end goal of this Essay is to imagine the law school no longer as a white space (in terms of demographics, or what is taught, or how it is taught), but as a white space (as in a blank page, at once empty and full of possibilities). What would it mean to rethink, from the bottom up, what is taught, how it is taught, and to what end? More broadly, what would it mean to create a law school that is cosmopolitan and then some, a place where intellectual curiosity thrives, where change and challenge are celebrated, where education itself is a practice of freedom, and perhaps most importantly, where there is no need to tout inclusivity, because everyone already belongs?
Ritual, Romanism, and Rebellion: The Disappearance of the Evangelical Episcopalians, 1853-1873

Sometime during the summer of 1830, the Rev. Dr. James May, an Episcopal clergyman and at that time rector of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, boarded a Hudson River steamboat on his way to a well-earned rest in the New York mountains. Sharing the same steamboat and the same destination with "a prominent Presbyterian Clergyman of the city of New York," the Rev. Dr. George Washington Bethune. The two divines fell to talking denominational shop, and "in the course of their conversation the Presbyterian spoke most favorably of the Protestant Episcopal Church." May was evidently taken aback; he was not accustomed to unsolicited endorsements from Presbyterian quarters. But Bethune was insistent: "I do not see, " said he, "what is to hinder your Church from becoming the dominant Christian body in this country before the close of the next half century." [excerpt]
Studies on the interaction of p-mercuribenzoate with turnip yellow mosaic virus

Abstract Fully pMB-substituted preparations derived from TYMV purified in the presence of bentonite (B-TYMV) were more infectious than those of TYMV purified with the butanol-chloroform method (BC-TYMV). This infectivity difference was also reflected in the physical integrity of the respective constituent RNA's, and in the possibility of releasing physically intact RNA from pMB-B-TYMV by means of buffer treatment at neutral pH in the cold. This observation combined with a knowledge of the pMB-induced change in capsid conformation, led to the experimental inactivation and degradation of pMB-TYMV with pancreatic ribonuclease. At concentrations of 10–100 μg/ml, pMB-TYMV was almost completely inactivated after incubation for 45 minutes at 0° with ribonuclease at 10−2 μg/ml. Similar concentrations of untreated TYMV were not affected when incubated under the same conditions with ribonuclease at 1.0 μg/ml. The ribonuclease inactivation of pMB-TYMV followed first-order kinetics. Comparison with the ribonuclease inactivation of equivalent amounts of isolated TYMV-RNA, suggested that the modified capsid afforded the RNA some residual shielding. Extensive hydrolysis of the RNA inside the modified virus led to the release of RNA fragments, and to collapse of the capsid structure. The possible significance of these, and analogous findings with other viruses, is discussed.