cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin-Induced Expression of Receptors for Growth Hormone Releasing Factor in Cultured Granulosa Cells*

The hypothalamic neuropeptide, GRF, is formed in the ovary and acts via specific receptors in granulosa cells to enhance cAMP production and steroidogenic responses to the pituitary gonadotropin, FSH. Granulosa cells cultured without hormonal treatment displayed low levels of binding sites for GRF and the related neuropeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide. However, treatment with increasing concentrations (50–500 ng/ml) of FSH caused dose-dependent increases in cAMP production and expression of binding sites measured with radioiodinated [His1, Nle27]human GRF(1–32)NH2) with no change in binding affinity. The maximum increase in GRF binding sites (2.2-fold) was elicited by 250 ng/ml FSH after 72 h incubation. GRF binding sites were also increased by agents that elevate intracellular cAMP, including choleragen, vasoactive intestinal peptide, dibutyryl cAMP, and forskolin. Low doses of forskolin that did not alone increase [125I][His1,Nle27] human GRF(1–32)NH2 binding potentiated the action of FSH on GRF bi...
VTOL control for shipboard landing in high sea states

A control algorithm is developed for a VTOL type aircraft landing on a small ship in rough seas. The work covers modelling the dynamics of the two vehicles, the design of an aircraft-tracking-ship-motion controller, and the specification of an actual landing control algorithm. The landing controller design is more practical and found to perform better than the hover controller. In addition to outlining a design technique, the results provide design guidelines and performance bounds for practical landing control systems.
Evidence for pleomorphism of estrogen receptor capacity and affinity in liver and thymus of immature BALB/c and (NZB×NZW) F1 mice, a model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Binding properties of estrogen receptors in liver, thymus and uterus of BALB/c and (NZB×NZW) F1 mice were compared. (NZB×NZW) F1 mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is hypothesized that estradiol, through its receptors, mediates the progression of murine SLE. High-speed cytosols were prepared from liver, thymus and uterus and incubated with the synthetic estrogen 3 H-moxestrol (NEN). Scatchard plots were derived from binding isotherms obtained. Rectilinear Scatchard plots were obtained from all tissues, which is consistent with the presence of only one class of binding sites, or of more than one class but with the same affinity. There were, however, strain differences in that the affinity of the binding reaction was significantly higher in cytosols from BALB/c liver in males and females. In thymus, the situation was reversed in that the affinity was significantly higher in cytosols from (NZB×NZW) F1 mice. Thymic cytosols from BALB/c mice contained significantly more estrogen receptors per mg cytosol protein than did those from (NZB×NZW) F1 mice. The exacerbation of murine SLE may be due, at least in part, to these properties of estrogen receptors in liver and thymus.
Lines intensities of the CO2 Σ-Σ bands in the 1.43–1.65 μ region

Abstract The line intensities of the five Σ-Σ bands of CO 2 in the 1.43–1.65 μ region have been measured with relatively low sample pressures and high resolution (0.035–0.06 cm −1 ). The data are analyzed to obtain the total band intensities and dipole-moment matrix elements. At 296°K the intensity of the 3 ν 3 band is found to be 3.62 × 10 −2 cm −2 atm −1 . The intensities of four bands in the Fermitetrad in order of increasing frequency are 1.15 × 10 −3 , 1.14 × 10 −2 , 1.12 × 10 −2 , and 1.27 × 10 −3 cm −2 atm −1 at 296°K.
Optical mapping and 454 sequencing of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 isolates linked to the US 2006 spinach-associated outbreak.

Optical maps for five representative clinical, food-borne and bovine-derived isolates from the 2006 Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach in the United States showed a common set of 14 distinct chromosomal markers that define the outbreak strain. Partial 454 DNA sequencing was used to characterize the optically mapped chromosomal markers. The markers included insertions, deletions, substitutions and a simple single nucleotide polymorphism creating a BamHI site. The Shiga toxin gene profile of the spinach-associated outbreak isolates (stx1− stx2 + stx2c +) correlated with prophage insertions different from those in the prototypical EDL933 and Sakai reference strains (stx1+ stx2 + stx2c −). The prophage occupying the yehV chromosomal position in the spinach-associated outbreak isolates was similar to the stx1+ EDL933 cryptic prophage V, but it lacked the stx1 gene. In EDL933, the stx2 genes are within prophage BP933-W at the wrbA chromosomal locus; this locus was unoccupied in the spinach outbreak isolates. Instead, the stx2 genes were found within a chimeric BP933-W-like prophage with a different integrase, inserted at the argW locus in the outbreak isolates. An extra set of Shiga toxin genes, stx2c, was found in the outbreak isolates within a prophage integrated at the sbcB locus. The optical maps of two additional clinical isolates from the outbreak showed a single, different prophage variation in each, suggesting that changes occurred in the source strain during the course of this widespread, multi-state outbreak.
Methionine Restriction Activates the Retrograde Response and Confers Both Stress Tolerance and Lifespan Extension to Yeast, Mouse and Human Cells

A methionine-restricted diet robustly improves healthspan in key model organisms. For example, methionine restriction reduces age-related pathologies and extends lifespan up to 45% in rodents. However, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain largely unknown. We tested whether the yeast chronological aging assay could model the benefits of methionine restriction, and found that this intervention extends lifespan when enforced by either dietary or genetic approaches, and furthermore, that the observed lifespan extension is due primarily to reduced acid accumulation. In addition, methionine restriction-induced lifespan extension requires the activity of the retrograde response, which regulates nuclear gene expression in response to changes in mitochondrial function. Consistent with an involvement of stress-responsive retrograde signaling, we also found that methionine-restricted yeast are more stress tolerant than control cells. Prompted by these findings in yeast, we tested the effects of genetic methionine restriction on the stress tolerance and replicative lifespans of cultured mouse and human fibroblasts. We found that such methionine-restricted mammalian cells are resistant to numerous cytotoxic stresses, and are substantially longer-lived than control cells. In addition, similar to yeast, the extended lifespan of methionine-restricted mammalian cells is associated with NFκB-mediated retrograde signaling. Overall, our data suggest that improved stress tolerance and extension of replicative lifespan may contribute to the improved healthspan observed in methionine-restricted rodents, and also support the possibility that manipulation of the pathways engaged by methionine restriction may improve healthspan in humans.
Temperature dependence of the magnetostriction of polycrystalline Y6Fe23, Ho6Fe23 and Er6Fe23

Abstract The magnetostriction of Y 6 Fe 23 , Ho 6 Fe 23 and Er 6 Fe 23 has been measured between 20–350 K in fields up to 8.0 T. For Ho 6 Fe 23 and Er 6 Fe 23 the results are compared with magnetization data obtained under the same conditions; their behavior is qualitatively described in terms of a non-collinear spin structure.
Single-cell enabled comparative genomics of a deep ocean SAR11 bathytype

Bacterioplankton of the SAR11 clade are the most abundant microorganisms in marine systems, usually representing 25% or more of the total bacterial cells in seawater worldwide. SAR11 is divided into subclades with distinct spatiotemporal distributions (ecotypes), some of which appear to be specific to deep water. Here we examine the genomic basis for deep ocean distribution of one SAR11 bathytype (depth-specific ecotype), subclade Ic. Four single-cell Ic genomes, with estimated completeness of 55%–86%, were isolated from 770 m at station ALOHA and compared with eight SAR11 surface genomes and metagenomic datasets. Subclade Ic genomes dominated metagenomic fragment recruitment below the euphotic zone. They had similar COG distributions, high local synteny and shared a large number (69%) of orthologous clusters with SAR11 surface genomes, yet were distinct at the 16S rRNA gene and amino-acid level, and formed a separate, monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees. Subclade Ic genomes were enriched in genes associated with membrane/cell wall/envelope biosynthesis and showed evidence of unique phage defenses. The majority of subclade Ic-specfic genes were hypothetical, and some were highly abundant in deep ocean metagenomic data, potentially masking mechanisms for niche differentiation. However, the evidence suggests these organisms have a similar metabolism to their surface counterparts, and that subclade Ic adaptations to the deep ocean do not involve large variations in gene content, but rather more subtle differences previously observed deep ocean genomic data, like preferential amino-acid substitutions, larger coding regions among SAR11 clade orthologs, larger intergenic regions and larger estimated average genome size.
Enhancement of charge efficiency for a capacitive deionization cell using carbon xerogel with modified potential of zero charge

Abstract The use of tetraethyl orthosilicate to modify carbon xerogel materials results in the formation of silica oxide and carboxylic functional groups at the carbon's surface. Voltammetric characterization indicates that the potential of zero charge (PZC) of the modified samples was positively shifted to the extent affected by dip-coating repetitions. Cycling tests were performed at 1.2 V for 15 cycles in a flow-through cell with ~ 4 mM deaerated NaCl. The average charge efficiency of the cell was significantly enhanced from ~ 60% to ~ 86% when the modified electrode served as the cathode. This increase in efficiency was mainly attributed to the shifting of the PZC at the cathode towards the cell short-circuit potential, thereby reducing co-ion repulsion at the cathode.
Dependence of the sedimentation coefficient on molecular weight of RNA after reaction with formaldehyde.

Reaction with formaldehyde has been used to denature the bihelical regions of RNA and convert the polynucleotides into random coils characterized by a single equation relating the logarithm of the sedimentation coefficient to that of the molecular weight. This equation, S20.w = 0·05 M0·4, is valid in 1·1 m -formaldehyde and 0·09 m -Na2HPO4 + 0·01 m -NaH2PO4. Several preparations of tobacco mosaic virus RNA, R17 RNA, satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA, Escherichia coli ribosomal, 5 s, and 4 s RNA as well as yeast transfer RNA were studied. The molecular weight of samples having more than one component can be calculated from the sedimentation coefficient of each component.
Histologic and radiographic analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed using stereotactic incisional core breast biopsy.

Background: Stereotactic incisional core breast biopsy (SCBB) is a highly specific technique for diagnosing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in patients with suspicious mammographic microcalcifications. However, its sensitivity for excluding the presence of coexisting occult invasive disease in this setting is not fully established. Design: We correlated SCBB findings to subsequent lumpectomy/mastectomy (lx/mx) results in 122 cases of DCIS. In 29 of these cases, the SCBB showed microscopic invasion (n = 15) or foci that were suspicious for invasion (n = 14). Likelihood for invasive disease in subsequent lx/mx samples from each case then was compared with various parameters, including DCIS grade, extent and mammographic findings. Results: Overall, 13% of cases in which the SCBB showed DCIS only (i.e., without any evidence of invasion), had invasive disease in the subsequent excision. This finding was significantly correlated with DCIS grade (low: 0/26 [0%], intermediate: 2/31 [6%], high: 10/36 [28%], P 15 ducts involved, versus 4/23 with <15 ducts involved, P = .03). SCBB that were suspicious or positive for microinvasion demonstrated invasion in most subsequent excision (susp: 7/14 [50%], microinv: 11/15 [73%]), generally of significant extent (11/18 T1b-c). Conclusions: 1. Patients with SCBB showing high grade DCIS and DCIS suspicious or positive for microinvasion have a significant and high likelihood, respectively, of harboring occult invasive neoplasm. They should accordingly be carefully evaluated radiographically, and possibly with sentinel node biopsy to facilitate axillary staging. 2. Likelihood of occult invasion is correlated with overall DCIS size/extent.
Model-based space-time adaptive processing for active sonar

In this paper, the problem of partially adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for towed active sonar arrays operating in a strong reverberation environment under extremely snapshot deficient conditions is considered. In particular, we propose a robust STAP technique, which incorporates a physical model for the space-time structure of the received reverberation across range, in order to form a model-based covariance matrix, used to regularize the sample covariance matrix while computing the adaptive weights. Simulation as well as real data results using a bistatic towed active sonar array are presented which demonstrate the improved detection performance obtained using our technique compared to conventional space-time processing and other partially adaptive schemes.
Historical background for the maternal PKU syndrome.

Objective. To provide information on the history of maternal phenylketonuria. Methods. A review of the literature and personal observations were conducted. Results. Compilation of sequential information about the development of our understanding of maternal PKU was produced. Conclusions. The history of maternal PKU reflects continuous additions to our understanding of this teratogenic syndrome.
Using Relevance Feedback Techniques for Optimising Media Retrieval Applications

Storage capacity in portable media players has increased to 30 GB and beyond. Increasing bandwidth and connectivity has led to a case where there is an arguably unmanageable amount of content stored in computers and media players. Creating the right interface for managing media, is highly important in consumer electronic devices. Previous works [1], [2], [3], [4] have focused on mechanisms to classify and retrieve audio files. But mere classification is not enough in the case of personal media players, as the musical taste of each user is different, and classification cannot be purely based on what others have classified. For adoption in media players and other consumer electronic devices, the musical tastes of each user have to be taken into account while retrieving, and this aspect is missing in current systems. Also, the speed of retrieval is of prime importance in consumer electronic devices. This paper discusses ways of optimising the retrieval process, using relevance feedback from the user. The feedback is used to tune the classification process using perceptual weights. The feedback can be generated directly, or by using indirectly generated data from the behaviour of the user during the search process. Speed of retrieval can be optimised for the user, by successively optimising the search results. Experimental results show the benefits of this approach in terms of search time to get the most relevant results.
A mixed high-order vector finite element method for waveguides: convergence and spurious mode studies

In this article we construct and analyse the performance of various combinations of high order edge elements for the transverse field component with high order node elements for the longitudinal field component. The overall efficiency and mode resolution improve dramatically with high order elements. For example, quadratic/cubic elements provide accuracy of 10−4 in eigenvalue 1000 times faster and resolve the discontinuities in the field very accurately. In the mixed FEM for waveguides we observed that edge elements may produce spurious modes. When the order of the edge elements is equal or larger than the order of the node elements, spurious and degenerate modes are present. Any other combination of the orders did not produce spurious modes. We study the spurious modes from the divergence point of view. We also study the convergence properties of high order elements and compare the results with the theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced in the Kidney Contributes to Angiotensin II–dependent Hypertension

Immune system activation contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension and the resulting progression of chronic kidney disease. In this regard, we recently identified a role for proinflammatory Th1 T-lymphocyte responses in hypertensive kidney injury. Because Th1 cells generate interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), we hypothesized that interferon-γ and TNF-α propagate renal damage during hypertension induced by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Therefore, after confirming that mice genetically deficient of Th1 immunity were protected from kidney glomerular injury despite a preserved hypertensive response, we subjected mice lacking interferon-γ or TNF-α to our model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease. Interferon deficiency had no impact on blood pressure elevation or urinary albumin excretion during chronic angiotensin II infusion. By contrast, TNF-deficient (knockout) mice had blunted hypertensive responses and reduced end-organ damage in our model. As angiotensin II-infused TNF knockout mice had exaggerated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the kidney and enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, we examined the actions of TNF-α generated from renal parenchymal cells in hypertension by transplanting wild-type or TNF knockout kidneys into wild-type recipients before the induction of hypertension. Transplant recipients lacking TNF solely in the kidney had blunted hypertensive responses to angiotensin II and augmented renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, confirming a role for kidney-derived TNF-α to promote angiotensin II-induced blood pressure elevation by limiting renal nitric oxide generation.
Synthesis of copoly(vinylamine-vinylalcohol) containing two kinds of asymmetric nucleic acid base derivatives as grafted pendants

Preparation of new model polymers of polynucleotides with poly(vinylamine-vinylalcohol) [P(Vam-Val)] backbones and different kinds of nucleic acid base derivatives as grafted pendants is described. At first, the grafting of (−) and (±)-2-(thymin-1-yl)propionic acid [(−) and (±)TPA] onto linear P(Vam-Val) at the amino group via an amide bond was carried out in a mixed solvent of ethanol-dimethylformamide by selective N-acylation of the active ester of N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide (HONB) or N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu). This procedure gave the corresponding hydroxyl polymers P[Vam(−)T-Val] and P[Vam(±)T-Val]. In addition, direct, low temperature esterification was used to graft (−), (±)TPA, and (±)-2-(uracil-1-yl)propionic acid, [(±)UPA], onto the hydroxyl polymer at the hydroxyl group via an ester bond. This process gave the corresponding copoly(Vam-Val) with different or the same kinds of nucleic acid base derivatives. P[Vam(−)-Ve(−)T], P[Vam(±)T-Ve(±)T], P[Vam(−)T-Ve(±)U], and P[Vam(±)T-Ve(±)U] are representative examples. The related monomer and segmental model compounds were also prepared by this method; 3-aminopentane, 3-pentanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, and threo-2-amino-4-pentanol were employed in the syntheses. The segment models were separated and purified using HPLC techniques.
MRI-compatible hands-on cooperative control of a pneumatically actuated robot

MRI compatible robots are emerging as useful tools for image guided interventions. A shared control between a user and the MRI compatible robot makes it more intuitive instrument especially during setup phases of interventions. We present a MRI compatible, hands-on cooperative system using Innomotion robotic arm. An economic MRI compatible user input sensor was developed and its functionality was tested under typical application conditions. Performance improvement in phantom tasks shows promise of adding hands-on interface in MRI compatible robots.
A new addition to the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer-the anti-PDL1 antibody-MEDI4736.

It has been over two years since the phase I studies of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors— antibodies against PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1—were first presented and published internationally, demonstrating prolonged tumor regressions and improvements in survival (1,2). These results created a paradigm shift in the field of immunotherapy, in that responses were not only observed in melanoma and renal cell cancer, but also in cancers not historically thought to be immunogenic, including lung and ovarian cancer. The past few years have witnessed the rapid development of these agents into phase III registration trials. As shown in Table 1, over seven pharmaceutical companies are now racing to develop and obtain indication of a variety of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of solid tumors.
Quality management in public and community health: examples from women's health.

Quality assessment and improvement activities are as relevant to the public health sector and community-based health care organizations as they are to the rest of the health care industry. This article provides a framework for the types of quality assessment and improvement approaches available to public health and community-based health care organizations and provides two examples drawn from the field of womens health. The first focuses on a population-based assessment of the performance of the health care system using indicators for the nation as a whole and for the states specifically in a women’s health report card. The second focuses on measuring quality of care provided to clients of one type of safety-net organization Title X family planning clinics. Either type of approach can serve as the basis for developing strategies for improving the performance of health care organizations. (authors)
Nature of convection-stabilized DC arcs in dual-flow nozzle geometry. I. The cold flow field and DC arc characteristics

An experimental investigation of the steady-state low current air arcs in a dual-flow nozzle system is presented. The cold flow field with no arc was determined for various nozzle geometries, i.e. two- and three-dimensional and orifice nozzles, and nozzle pressure ratios. Supersonic flow separation and oblique and detached shock waves were observed in the flow field. Using a finite-element computer program, the Mach number contours were determined in the flow field for various nozzle-gap spacings and pressure ratios. In addition, the DC arc voltage and current measurements were made for an electrode gap spacing of approximately=5.5 cm and current levels of I approximately=25, 50, and 100 A for the three nozzle geometries. The arc voltage and arc power increased rapidly as the flow speed increased from zero to sonic velocity at the nozzle throat. The shock waves in the converging-diverging nozzles resulted in a decrease in the overall resistance by about 15%. >
Merging IT training with academia

The University of Missouri - Columbia (MU) has a student population of approximately 23,000. Since undergraduates arrive at MU with varying degrees of computer literacy and experience, the Committee on Undergraduate Education (CUE) and Information and Access Technology Services (IAT Services) partnered to develop a new computer proficiency (CP) requirement for undergraduate students. Computer proficiency will become part of the General Education Program's graduation requirement from MU.This paper explores the planning and implementation of meshing IT training department goals with academic department educational goals to implement a campus-wide computer proficiency requirement for an estimated 5000 incoming freshman. There were many conflicting ideas of what the requirement should be due to different faculty perspectives. During the planning stages, many delivery methods were explored to transfer the learning to the student along with the associated costs to deliver each training method.The new computer requirement will become mandatory in Fall 2003. The requirement parallels the International Computer Drivers License (ICDL) certification which certifies that one is able to use a personal computer and apply common computer applications at a basic level of competence. The ICDL curriculum perfectly fits what students need to excel in their academic endeavors as well as survive in the workforce upon graduation. The goals of this effort are:IT Department:Continue to align the IT training department with MU's academic missionReduce the number of help desk calls regarding basic computing issues and ultimately decrease help desk operating costs.Faculty:Save faculty the time of teaching students basic IT skillsAccelerate incorporation of technology into academic coursework.Student:Obtain computer literacy in computer theory, operating systems, hardware, software, and computer terminologyDemonstrate skill proficiencyEnjoy an enhanced academic experience.Prospective Employers:Provide a standard for MU graduatesExpect that MU graduates have the computing skills they need to excel in the workplace once they leave their academic environment.Students will be taking multiple simulation-based exams to meet the CP requirement. A testing facility will operate in existing IAT Services training labs and student computing sites to accommodate the large number of students.
Interstellar ices as a source of CN-bearing molecules in protoplanetary disks.

A reliable model for the composition and evolution of interstellar ices inregions of active star formation is fundamental to our quest to determinethe organic inventory of planetesimals in the early Solar System. This hasbecome a realistic goal since the launch of the Infrared Space Observatory,which provides a facility for infrared spectroscopy unhindered by telluricabsorption over the entire spectral range of vibrational modes in solids ofexobiological interest. Interstellar molecules detected in the solid phaseto date include H_2O, NH3, CO, CO2,CH3OH, CH4, H2CO, OCS andHCOOH, together with a C≡N-bonded absorber generically termed`XCN'. In this article, we focus on cosmic synthesis of CN-bearing species,as this important class of prebiotic molecules may not have formedendogenously in significant quantities on early Earth if conditions were nothighly reducing. Experiments in which interstellar ice analogs are subjectto UV photolysis or energetic ion bombardment yield CN-rich residues with aspectral signature that matches a corresponding feature observed in youngprotostars enshrouded in dust and gas. CN-bearing species are also presentin cometary ices, with a combined abundance comparable to the lower end of therange observed in protostars. Energetic processing of interstellar ices isthus a viable and potentially significant source of CN compounds inprotoplanetary disks.
Developmental constraint on the evolution of marsupial forelimb morphology

Compared with the placental mammals, marsupials are born at an almost embryonic stage, but nearly all of these neonates immediately climb or crawl to one of their mother’s teats using precociously developed forelimbs. Marsupial adults also exhibit limited forelimb shape diversity relative to the members of their sister group. That the functional requirements of this natal climb have imposed a developmental constraint on marsupial forelimb evolution represents a compelling and widely accepted hypothesis, yet its resulting predictions for the comparative patterns of mammal limb shape diversity have never been tested. In order to perform such tests we conducted extensive taxonomic sampling of mammal limb morphology (including fossil specimens), and then examined these data using morphometric methods, non-parametric analyses of anatomical disparity, and phylogenetic comparative analyses of evolutionary rates. Our results strongly support the constraint hypothesis, and indicate that the highly significant differences between marsupial and placental forelimb shape diversity has been strongly influenced by different rates of morphological evolution among the distal forelimb elements in these two important mammal lineages.
Far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy: a tool for intergranular orientation and strain analysis

The far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy technique is presented in the context of high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction. For each grain in an illuminated polycrystalline volume, the volume-averaged lattice orientations, lattice strain tensors, and centre-of-mass (COM) coordinates may be determined to a high degree of precision: better than 0.05°, 1 × 10−4, and 0.1 pixel, respectively. Because the full lattice strain tensors are available, corresponding mean stress tensors may be calculated unambiguously using single-crystal elastic moduli. A novel formulation for orientation indexing and cell refinement is introduced and demonstrated using two examples: first, sequential indexing and lattice refinement of a single-crystal ruby standard with known COM coordinates; and second, indexing and refinement of simulated diffraction data from an aggregate of 819 individual grains using several sample rotation ranges and including the influence of experimental uncertainties. The speed of acquisition and ...
Immobilization of Protein on Silanized Orthopedic Biomaterials

We have begun to examine methods for biochemically modifying orthopedic biomaterials by covalently immobilizing peptides, proteins, and enzymes. The surfaces of Co-Cr-Mo samples were first silanized using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), which interacts with surface hydroxyl moieties. Derivatization of biomaterial samples with solutions of APS in acetone produced a concentration-dependent number of reactive NH2 groups. The silane layers became unstable and were easily disrupted at concentrations above 2% APS. The enzyme, trypsin, was then coupled to the alkylamine-derivatized samples by formation of Schiff’s base linkages via glutaraldehyde. Enzymatic activity of trypsin-conjugated Co-Cr-Mo samples was quantified by determining cleavage of the substrate BAEE. Both alkoxysilane-treated and untreated samples bound trypsin in an active state. When treated with 5 M guanidine hydrochloride to elute noncovalently bound protein, however, nearly all of the trypsin was removed from or rendered inactive on samples either not treated with APS or derivatized with low (<0.5%) concentrations. On the contrary, 1 and 2% APS-treated samples retained appreciable enzyme activity. Approximately 27 and 35% residual trypsin activity was measured on the 1 and 2% APSderivatized Co-Cr-Mo samples, respectively. Active trypsin remained immobilized on the APS-derivatized substrates when at least 35 free amino groups per nm2 of nominal surface area were available for protein coupling.
Variation-aware interconnect extraction using statistical moment preserving model order reduction

In this paper we present a stochastic model order reduction technique for interconnect extraction in the presence of process variabilities, i.e. variation-aware extraction. It is becoming increasingly evident that sampling based methods for variation-aware extraction are more efficient than more computationally complex techniques such as stochastic Galerkin method or the Neumann expansion. However, one of the remaining computational challenges of sampling based methods is how to simultaneously and efficiently solve the large number of linear systems corresponding to each different sample point. In this paper, we present a stochastic model reduction technique that exploits the similarity among the different solves to reduce the computational complexity of subsequent solves. We first suggest how to build a projection matrix such that the statistical moments and/or the coefficients of the projection of the stochastic vector on some orthogonal polynomials are preserved. We further introduce a proximity measure, which we use to determine apriori if a given system needs to be solved, or if it is instead properly represented using the currently available basis. Finally, in order to reduce the time required for the system assembly, we use the multivariate Hermite expansion to represent the system matrix. We verify our method by solving a variety of variation-aware capacitance extraction problems ranging from on-chip capacitance extraction in the presence of width and thickness variations, to off-chip capacitance extraction in the presence of surface roughness. We further solve very large scale problems that cannot be handled by any other state of the art technique.
Prevention of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Background: Controversy persists regarding the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillati...
SYNERGY AMONG RESPONDING LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE ONE-WAY MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION INTERACTION BETWEEN Two TYPES OF THYMuS-DEPENDENT CELLS*

The present studies have shown that two subpopulations of thymus-dependent lymphocytes may act synergistically in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse. One subpopulation was well represented in the young adult thymus and the other in lymph nodes. For optimum synergy, both populations must be allogeneic to the stimulator cells. Pretreatment of either population with mitomycin-C abolished synergy. Anti-θ serum abolished both MLR responding and synergizing activities of lymphoid cells. The two thymus-dependent subpopulations were both present in the spleen, and displayed different migratory patterns when injected into irradiated mice: one population went to spleens of the irradiated mice, the other to lymph nodes. The effects of anti-thymocyte serum on the MLR and upon synergy were assessed. While minor differences exist and are herein described, our overall results strongly suggest that in our experiments with synergy in MLR, we may be dealing with the same T1- and T2-cell subpopulations described by Cantor and Asofsky and coworkers (1, 2, 4, 5, 14) as displaying synergy in the graft-vs.-host reaction.
Vitamin D requirements: current and future

The requirements for vitamin D were last set in 1997 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine. Intakes were assumed to come from diet, and values were based on achievement of adequate vitamin D status and on observed values to prevent seasonal variations in parathyroid hormone concentrations. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were considered the best indicator of vitamin D adequacy, because the production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not regulated. Normal ranges were obtained from reference populations, but the values varied widely with age and geographic region. Revised recommendations should take into consideration appropriate functional measures for multiple tissues and disease risks. Vitamin D-calcium interdependencies must be taken into account. Higher intakes of both vitamin D and calcium can reduce bone resorption, and higher concentrations of one nutrient might compensate for insufficiency in the other. Better ways to assess vitamin D (and calcium) inputs are needed. Food composition databases are incomplete for both vitamin D and calcium, especially in this era of food fortification, and are complicated by the poor quality control for vitamin D fortification. Upper levels of vitamin D intake were set at 50 microg/d (2000 IU/d) for all ages. Some individuals would require higher levels than these to achieve serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations for optimal calcium absorption. So much new information on vitamin D and health has been collected since the requirements were set in 1997 that this nutrient is likely the most in need of revised requirements.
Microarchitecture level power and thermal simulation considering temperature dependent leakage model

In this paper, we present power models with clock and temperature scaling, and develop a first-of-its-type coupled thermal and power simulation with a temperature-dependent leakage power model at the microarchitecture level. We show that leakage energy and total energy can be different by up to 2.5/spl times/ and 2/spl times/ for temperatures between 90/spl deg/C and 130/spl deg/C, respectively. Given such big energy variations, no power model at the microarchitecture level is accurate without considering temperature dependent leakage models.
The impact of RF front-end characteristics on the spectral regrowth of communications signals

The nonlinear characteristic of an RF front-end results in in-band distortion and spectral regrowth of digitally modulated signals with distortion being dependent on the statistical variation of the signal. In this paper, the interaction of the nonlinear response with the signal is explored using a time-averaged autocorrelation analysis applied to several limiter-amplifier models having characteristics ranging from soft-to-hard amplitude limiting. The analysis is verified by comparing measured and predicted adjacent channel power rejection for a code-division multiple-access amplifier.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on Immune Responses of Calves

Abstract The effect of vitamin E on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in calves was determined, and plasma vitamin E and immunological status of calves under normal herd management were studied. Twelve newborn calves were fed skimmed colostrum for 2 days and thereafter skimmed milk plus vitamin E-stripped lard and emulsifying agents. Six calves each orally received 0, and six each orally received 1g of DL- α -tocopherol acetate daily. Rations were supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins A and D. Twenty calves were fed colostrum for 3 days and thereafter milk and dry feed. At 6 wk, mean plasma vitamin E concentrations ( μ g/100ml) for groups were 71, 639, and 155, respectively; and mean serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase concentrations (IU/liter) were 320, 61, and 43, respectively. Mean serum immunoglobulins concentrations (mg/100ml) were: Gl, 1079, 1168, and 1315; G2, 488, 562, and 432; A, 37, 53, and 85; M, 151, 118, and 110. Mean lymphocyte stimulation indexes were 76, 220, and 152, respectively. At 6 wk there were large but nonsignificant differences in mean indexes among groups.
Necessity of Removing American Football Uniforms From Humans With Hyperthermia Before Cold-Water Immersion

Context: The National Athletic Trainers' Association and the American College of Sports Medicine have recommended removing American football uniforms from athletes with exertional heat stroke befo...
ITS Support for Conceptual and Perceptual Connection Making Between Multiple Graphical Representations

Connection making between representations is crucial to learning in STEM domains, but it is a difficult task for students. Prior research shows that supporting connection making enhances students’ learning of domain knowledge. Most prior research has focused on supporting one type of connection-making process: conceptual reasoning about connections between representations. Yet, recent research suggests that a second type of connection-making process plays a role in students’ learning: perceptual translation between representations. We hypothesized that combining support for both conceptual and perceptual connection-making processes leads to higher learning gains on a domain-knowledge test. We tested this hypothesis in a lab experiment with 117 undergraduate students using an intelligent tutoring system for chemistry. Results show that the combination of conceptual and perceptual connection-making supports leads to higher learning outcomes. This finding suggests that the effectiveness of educational technologies can be enhanced if they combine support for conceptual and perceptual connection-making processes.
Effects of Trace Amine-associated Receptor 1 Agonists on the Expression, Reconsolidation, and Extinction of Cocaine Reward Memory

Background: As a modulator of dopaminergic system, trace amine-associated receptor 1 has been shown to play a critical role in regulating the rewarding properties of additive drugs. It has been demonstrated that activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 decreased the abuse-related behaviors of cocaine in rats. However, the role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in specific stages of cocaine reward memory is still unclear. Methods: Here, using a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference model, we tested the effects of a selective trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist RO5166017 on the expression, reconsolidation, and extinction of cocaine reward memory. Results: We found that RO5166017 inhibited the expression but not retention of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. RO5166017 had no effect on the reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory. Pretreatment with RO5166017 before extinction hindered the formation of extinction long-term memory. RO5166017 did not affect the movement during the conditioned place preference test, indicating the inhibitory effect of RO5166017 on the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference was not caused by locomotion inhibition. Using a cocaine i.v. self-administration model, we found that the combined trace amine-associated receptor 1 partial agonist RO5263397 with extinction had no effect on the following cue- and drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Repeated administration of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist during extinction showed a continually inhibitory effect on the expression of cocaine reward memory both in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference and cocaine self-administration models. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 specifically inhibited the expression of cocaine reward memory. The inhibitory effect of trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists on cocaine reward memory suggests that trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists could be a promising agent to prevent cocaine relapse.
Abstract 247: A novel mPGES-1/EGR1/beta-catenin signaling axis in hepatocarcinogenesis

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is a key enzyme that couples with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for the production of PGE 2 . Although COX-2-derived PGE 2 is known to participate in the development and progression of several human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the role of mPGES-1 in carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. This study provides novel evidence for an important role of mPGES-1 in human HCC. Forced overexpression of mPGES-1 in two HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Huh7) promoted tumor cell growth and increased clonogenic formation capacity, in vitro. Conversely, mPGES-1 knockdown inhibited tumor cell growth and prevented clonogenic formation. Overexpression of mPGES-1 in Hep3B and Huh7 cells also increased cell invasion and migration/repair capacity, whereas knockdown of mPGES-1 reduced these parameters. Flowcytometric analysis revealed that mPGES-1 knockdown caused cell cycle arrest at G1/S checkpoint. In SCID mouse tumor xenograft model, mPGES-1 overexpressed cells formed palpable tumors at earlier time points and developed larger tumor nodules when compared to the control cells (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 247. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-247
Viability of Honey Bee Eggs from Progeny of Frozen Spermatozoa

Honey bee, Apis mellifera L., queens were inseminated with semen that had been stored in liquid nitrogen (−196°C). Daughters (F1 queens) were produced, and eggs from these F1 queens were measured for viability. All eggs were kept in an incubator (35°C, 50 to 70% RH) for their entire developmental period. The percent mortality of fertilized eggs (F2) in one test group differed significantly ( P < 0.05) from controls (mean [$\bar x$] ± SD was 5.6 ± 5.0% for eggs in the test group and 2.6 ± 1.5% for controls). No significant differences were found between test and control eggs in another unrelated group of fertilized eggs or between test and control eggs that were not fertilized. In a survey of fertilized eggs in 46 normal colonies of bees near Baton Rouge, La., the mean mortality was 7% and the median was 5%. Unfertilized (haploid) eggs had a consistently higher mortality rate than fertilized (diploid) eggs. A typical group of queens, 12 producing fertilized eggs and 12 others producing unfertilized eggs, averaged 5.0 Â± 5.0% ($\bar x$ ± SD) mortality for fertilized eggs and 18.4 ± 9.8% for unfertilized eggs.
STUDY ON ISOLATION OF SORGHUM SEED STARCH SURFACE PIGMENTUSING RESIN ABSORPTION

Natural pigments associated with starch that were obtained during the purification of sorghum starch were isolated and purified by resin. Static absorption kinetic results of pigments associated with sorghum starch were obtained. Three kinds of adsorb resins with big holes such as HPD-600、AB-8、H103 absorbed sorghum red with low speed and balance. Study on pigments ingredients that obtained by resin by infra-red spectra, ultraviolet spectrum and mass spectrum indicated that 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-1p-Hydroxyphenyl-4-Chromenone was main ingredient in natural pigments associated with starch and sorghum red.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Clinical Features

The author discusses the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria of narcissistic personality disorder in the context of Kernberg's and Kohut's observations and theorizing. He also describes other clinical manifestations of this disorder often mentioned in the literature but not included in DSM-III-R, and attempts to integrate these features into a comprehensive clinical description that distinguishes (1) features that are invariably present either emanating from the grandiose self or defensively protecting or covering up the grandiose self, and (2) features that become manifest episodically in the setting of narcissistic involvements with other people.
Argument construction in understanding noncovalent interactions: a comparison of two argumentation frameworks

Argument construction is a valuable ability for explaining scientific phenomena and introducing argumentation skills as part of a curriculum can greatly enhance student understanding by promoting self-reflection on the topic under investigation. This article aims to use argument construction as a technique to support an activity designed to improve student understanding of noncovalent interactions. Two theoretical argumentation frameworks were used and compared in order to determine the most effective for use in the developed activity.
Introduction: Making It Stick

A question remaining in historical accounts of US abolitionism concerns what made the movement ‘move’ and how it achieved the temporal qualities of momentum and persistence that define successful social movements. Lamb-Books argues that protest rhetoric is constitutive in this process and central to the moral emotions of injustice that are aroused at contentious gatherings. The microsociology of charisma, social status, emotion, pathos, ethos, and performance can help explain what made the cultural discourse of antislavery more emotionally sticky than the alternatives. The remainder of the chapter explores the potential of studying the moral emotions through history and offers an overview of the book.