cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Flowering Behavior and Outcrossing Rate of CMS Lines in Japonica Hybrid Rice

Nine japonica CMS lines with different stigma exsertion rate(SER) and spikelet flowering rate before noon(SFRBN)(583A,7740A,77237A,Chunjiang 12A,Chunjiang 16A,Chunjiang 26A,99-44A,Ning 67A and Handao A) and one japonica restorer line(CH89) were used as the materials to conduct the hybrid rice seed production in plots of field.SER,SFRBN and outcrossing rate(OR) of japonica CMS lines were investigated to analyze the relationship between them by using the DPS data processing system.The results showed that the simple correlation coefficient and the partial correlation coefficient between SER and OR and the simple correlation coefficient between SFRBN and OR were significant,and the multiple correlation coefficient of OR was also significant to SER and SFRBN did.The regression equation between SER(x_1),SFRBN(x_2) and OR(y) is: y=26.06+0.51x_1+0.28x_2.Path analysis indicated that SER played a more important part in the OR of japonica CMS lines than SFRBN did.The genetic improvement of japonica CMS lines and the strategy of japonica hybrid rice seed production were also discussed.
Helicobacter pylori as a promoter of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer: an alluring hypothesis in search of evidence.

Objectives: To examine the current evidence supporting a role for Helicobacterpylori in the genesis of intestinal metaplasia and to offer suggestions for the design of studies that could be carried out to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Method: Literature review. Conclusions: The epidemiologic relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer is widely accepted; however, the sequence of events leading to the development of carcinoma is unknown. A currently accepted model is that chronic active gastritis progresses to atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and eventually neoplasia. The relationship between H. pylori and intestinal metaplasia remains unclear, as several studies have yielded conflicting results.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: early CT alterations following use in management of severe respiratory failure in neonates.

PURPOSE To describe brain CT alterations occurring after neonatal venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). METHODS CT studies were prospectively obtained after V-V ECMO in 31 neonates with severe respiratory failure. Images were scored for cerebrospinal fluid space size, hemorrhage, and regions of decreased attenuation. RESULTS Subarachnoid space enlargement at the interhemispheric fissure, frontal, temporal, or parietal convexity occurred in 21 of the 31 patients. When subarachnoid space enlargement was asymmetric (six of the 21), it was always isolated to or greater on the right. Ventricular enlargement was demonstrated in seven of the 31. Hemorrhage occurred in seven and regions of low brain attenuation in 11 of the 31 neonates. CONCLUSIONS Increased sagittal sinus pressure caused by internal jugular vein ligation and cannulation of the superior vena cava may contribute to subarachnoid space enlargement by decreasing cerebrospinal fluid resorption at the arachnoid villi. Reduced incidence of cerebral hemorrhage with V-V ECMO, as compared with venoarterial (V-A) ECMO, may relate to sparing of the right common carotid artery (it is ligated with V-A ECMO), and to routing of oxygenated blood to the right atrium with V-V ECMO rather than to the arterial circuit as with V-A ECMO.
Cybersecurity’s Effects on International Trade and Investment

CS-related issues are becoming an increasingly pervasive and powerful force in shaping international trades and investments. The existing literature lacks concepts and theory to explain this phenomenon. This chapter explores in substantial details the various types of barriers to trade and investment that are associated with CS. It also tackles the question of how the natures of CS-related barriers to trade and investment are changing in recent years. Also provided is an illustrative discussion of factors that contributed to the trade and investment barriers to firms from major world economies. It also analyzes the causes and mechanisms associated with CS-related barriers, profile of companies are likely to be affected and characteristics of and relationships between the home and the host country that are likely to lead to such barriers.
2.16 – Retrieval Processes in Memory

The tripartite framework of memory – encoding, storage, and retrieval – has dominated memory research. It is true that without encoding and storage, retrieval is unlikely. But the converse is truer; without retrieval, it is not possible to detect whether encoding or storage occurred. In fact, retrieval can occur even in the absence of encoding – as in the case of false memories. Given the fundamental role of retrieval in providing measures of memory, we review retrieval processes involved in six key phenomena: (1) task differences, (2) encoding and retrieval interactions, (3) retrieval mode, (4) repeated retrieval, (5) retrieval in a social context, and (6) retrieval errors and other retrieval effects.
Absence of JAK-2 (Val617Phe) Point Mutations in Human Plasma Cell Myeloma.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a terminal differentiated B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the latent accumulation of plasma cells with a low proliferative index and an extended life span in bone marrow or extramedullary tissues. While studies on neoplastic cells isolated directly from MM patients or on MM-derived cell lines demonstrated that IL-6 is a major growth and survival factor for initiation of signaling in MM cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner, some MM cells independent on extracellular signaling such as IL-6 have been reported, suggesting other mechanisms may be involved in signal transduction pathways in MM cells. Accumulating evidence showed that IL-6 induces intracellular signaling through members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of proteins by activating the janus kinase(JAK) family of protein tyrosine kinases, which subsequently phosphorylate and activate cytoplasmic Stat proteins. Activated Stat proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA response elements and induce expression of Stat-regulated genes. Our previous studies demonstrated that one of the Stat family proteins, Stat3, was constitutively activated (phosphorylated) in the majority of MM patients, suggesting constitutive activation of JAK-2 kinase activities. However, other mechanisms might be also responsible JAK2 constitutive activation in MM cells, in particular in IL-6 independent MM cells. A specific point mutation of JAK-2 kinase gene has been identified recently showing its presence in higher frequency of certain types of chronic myeloproliferative disorders. The point mutation yields constitutive activation of JAK-2 kinase activity in the absence of extracellular signaling and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of those disorders. In this study, we try to determine whether JAK-2 (Val617Phe) point mutation was present in MM patients and if so, what kind of role it may play in the pathogenesis of MM. JAK-2 (Val617Phe) point mutation was analyzed by using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction followed by separation and detection with capillary electrophoresis. The test has a detection sensitivity of up to 200 picogram mutated DNA. Bone marrow aspirates with various degrees of involvement by MM (ranged10–80%) were selected and all the cases have been verified by morphologic examination and demonstrated to have positive immunoglobulin heavy or kappa light gene rearrangements. Bone marrow specimens from total 59 MM patients were tested for JAK2 (Val617Phe) mutation and none of any MM cases with the specific point mutation were identified (0/59). The results indicated that JAK2 (Val617Phe) mutation was very infrequency or absence in MM patients, despite the fact that constitutional activation of JAK2 kinase as well as Stat3 activation was commonly seen in MM patients. The study suggests that other yet unknown mechanisms may also involve JAK2 activation, particularly in IL-6 independent MM cells.
Translating the Utterances of Undocumented Immigrants in a Hostile Discourse Marketplace

This chapter is from Undocumented Immigrants in an Era of Arbitrary Law, a book that describes the experiences of undocumented migrants, all around the world, bringing to life the challenges they face from the moment they consider leaving their country of origin, until the time they are deported back to it. Drawing on a broad array of academic studies, including law, interpretation and translation studies, border studies, human rights, communication, critical discourse analysis and sociology, Robert Barsky argues that the arrays of actions that are taken against undocumented migrants are often arbitrary, and exercised by an array of officials who can and do exercise considerable discretion, both positive and negative. Employing insights from a decade-long research project, Barsky also finds that every stop along the migrant’s pathway into, and inside of, the host country is strewn with language issues, relating to intercultural communication, interpretation, gossip, hearsay, and the challenges of peddling of linguistic wares in the social discourse marketplace. These language issues are almost always impediments to anodyne or productive interactions with host country officials, particularly on the “front-lines” where migrants encounter border patrol and law enforcement officers without adequate means of communicating their situation or understanding their rights. Since undocumented people are categorized as ‘illegal’, they can be subjected to abuse and exploitation by host country officials, who can choose to either tolerate or punish them on the basis of unpredictable, changeable, and even illusory or “arbitrary” laws and regulations. Citing experts at every level of the undocumented immigrant apparatuses worldwide, from public defenders to interpreters, Barsky concludes that the only viable policy to address prevailing abuses and inequalities is to move towards open borders, an approach that would address prevailing issues and, surprisingly, provide security and economic benefits to both host and home countries.
Abstract P222: Venous Dilation Contributes to 5-HT-induced Hypotension

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) infusion in a normal conscious rat decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP), in part by reduction in total peripheral resistance. Microsphere experiments have shown 5-HT increases blood flow within the splanchnic vascular bed, with the greatest being in the intestine and spleen. Interestingly, 5-HT does not cause a direct relaxation of resistant (small or large) mesenteric arteries. The present study addresses the possibility of the venous circulation contributing to the 5-HT induced fall in blood pressure. Our working hypothesis is venous dilation, specifically dilation of veins measurable within the splanchnic vascular bed, contributes to 5-HT-induced hypotension. Using an ultrasound imaging system (Vevo 2100 imaging system; 21 MHz probe,Visual Sonics Inc.), telemetry-implanted, anesthetized male Sprague Dawley rats underwent cross-sectional imaging which was controlled for respiration and cardiac cycles. The following vessels were imaged: abdominal aorta (AA); portal vein (PV); abdominal inferior vena cava (IVC); and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Following the collection of baseline MAP and vessel diameter measurements, Alzet osmotic mini-pumps containing vehicle (saline; n=9) or 5-HT (25 ug/kg/min; n=9) were implanted for 1 week. After, 24 hours of infusion, 5-HT increased the vein diameter (SMV 17.48±2%; PV 17.67±2%; IVC 46.87±8%) and maintained the AA diameter ( AA 0.93±1%) from baseline while reducing MAP (vehicle 101.93±3; 5-HT 84.68±2 mm Hg; p<0.05).One-week post removal of all osmotic mini-pumps, there was no difference in the MAP or diameter of all noted vessels between the two treatment groups. To correlate with in vivo findings, the PV and IVC, when isolated in a tissue bath for measurement of isometric force and contracted with endothelin 1, relaxed in a concentration dependent fashion to 5-HT and 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-HT 1/7 receptor agonist;1 nM-10 uM). Collectively, these findings highlight the contribution of splanchnic venous dilation in 5-HT-induced hypotension and propose a possible mechanism for 5-HT reduction in blood pressure.
Recovery from rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block was longer in the larynx than in the pelvic limb of anesthetized dogs

Abstract Objective To determine if neuromuscular monitoring at the pelvic limb accurately reflects neuromuscular function in the larynx after administration of rocuronium in anesthetized dogs. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals Six healthy Beagle dogs. Methods Anesthesia was maintained in dogs with isoflurane and a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Rocuronium (0.6 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously to induce neuromuscular block. Train-of-four (TOF) impulses were applied to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLn) and the peroneal nerve (Pn). The evoked TOF ratio (TOFR; T4:T1) was measured with electromyography (EMG) simultaneously at the larynx and at the pelvic limb. Spontaneous recoveries of T1 to 25% (T1 25% ) and 75% (T1 75% ) of twitch height, and to TOFR of 0.70 and 0.90 (TOFR 0.90 ) at each EMG site were compared. Results Data from five dogs were analyzed. Times to T1 25% were similar at the pelvic limb and larynx when measured by EMG; time to T1 75% was slower at the larynx by 6 ± 4 minutes ( p = 0.012). The larynx had a slower recovery to TOFR 0.70 (41 ± 13 minutes) and TOFR 0.90 (45 ± 13 minutes) than did the pelvic limb [29 ± 8 minutes ( p = 0.011) and 33 ± 9 minutes ( p = 0.003), respectively]. When the pelvic limb EMG returned to TOFR 0.70 and TOFR 0.90 , the larynx EMG TOFR 0.70 and TOFR 0.90 values were 0.32 ± 0.12 ( p = 0.001) and 0.38 ± 0.13 ( p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance After administration of rocuronium, neuromuscular function assessed by EMG recovered approximately 36% slower at the larynx than at the pelvic limb. The results in these dogs suggest that quantitative neuromuscular monitoring instrumented at a pelvic limb may be unable to exclude residual block at the larynx in anesthetized dogs.
Young Adulthood for Individuals with Behavioral Disorders: What Does It Hold?.

This study investigated the adult adjustment of randomly selected students with behavioral disorders one and three years after they exited high school. Eighty-nine students (66% of those selected) ...
Ethnicity, Start-Up Finance, and Entrepreneurship in China

Access to external financing is a major obstacle for starting a new business across various country contexts. Ethnic minorities, in particular, tend to face more extreme financial constraints, although the linkages between ethnicity, finance and entrepreneurship has never been previously studied in China. Relying on a new proprietary dataset, this paper compares ethnic-based differences in external financing from both formal and informal sources used to start a new micro-enterprise or a small-and-medium sized enterprise (SME) and the implications on post-entry business performance in China. The results show that Han households tend to rely more on initial formal financing, but not initial informal financing, to start a new business. Furthermore, Han-operated businesses tend to perform better than their minority-operated counterparts, although this performance gap disappears given similar access to initial external financing.
Advanced imaging technology applications in cytology

Novel techniques have been developed to image cells at cellular and subcellular levels. They allow images to be analyzed with ultra-high resolution, in 2D and/or 3D. Several of these tools have been tested on cytology specimens demonstrating emerging applications that are likely to change the field of cytopathology. This review covers several of these advanced imaging methods. The use of optical coherence tomography to perform optical biopsies during endoscopic ultrasound procedures or visualize cells within effusion samples is discussed. The potential for quantitative phase microscopy to accurately screen Pap test slides or resolve indeterminate diagnoses in urine cytology is reviewed. The article also examines the application of 3D cytology using LuCED for lung cancer detection in sputum samples and the feasibility of imaging flow and mass cytometry to measure multiple biomarkers at the single cell level. Although these novel technologies have great potential, further research is necessary to validate their routine use in cytopathology practice.
Formation, distribution, and movement of oil droplets in the compressor plenum.

Abstract Oil is important to compressors, but it brings some side effects on the performance of refrigeration systems. Discharge valve or orifice in the compressor plenum is the gateway for the oil to leave the compressor and circulate in the system. The space of the compressor plenum has the potential to separate the oil mist from the refrigerant so that oil circulation ratio (OCR) is reduced. In this study, the formation, distribution, and movement of oil droplets in the plenum are investigated through visualization and CFD simulation. Videos of oil atomization are captured by the high-speed camera to describe how oil mist is formed. The distribution of droplet size and velocity is quantified by video processing techniques. Discrete phase model gives the numerical approach to study the oil droplet movement inside the compressor plenum. The numerical simulation is verified by comparing visualization results with simulation results. The oil flow phenomenon and its quantification provide important information for the design of separation structure incorporated in the compressor. Also, a set of tools are developed and verified to study the oil droplets behavior in different types of compressor plenums.
50 Years of Neutrino Physics Early Experiments

It is now 50 years since Pauli (1) formulated the neutrino hypothesis and 47 years since Fermi (2) cast it in its essentially modern form.
“There’s only three things he mentions in a sentence – a noun, a verb and 9/11”: terrorism, fear and the after, after 9/11

In the years since 11 September 2001, pundits, politicians and scholars of terrorism and international relations routinely have declared that 9/11 “changed everything”. This article explores not on...
Disconfirmation modulates the neural correlates of the false consensus effect: A parametric modulation approach

The false consensus effect (FCE) - the tendency to (erroneously) project our attitudes and opinions onto others - is an enduring bias in social reasoning with important societal implications. In this fMRI investigation, we examine the neural correlates of within-subject variation in consensus bias on a variety of social and political issues. Bias demonstrated a strong association with activity in brain regions implicated in self-related cognition, mentalizing, and valuation. Importantly, however, recruitment of these regions predicted consensus bias only in the presence of social disconfirmation, in the form of feedback discrepant with participants' own attitudes. These results suggest that the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the tendency to project attitudes onto others are crucially moderated by motivational factors, including the desire to affirm the normativity of one's own position. This research complements social psychological theorizing about the factors contributing to the FCE, and further emphasizes the role of motivated cognition in social reasoning.
'Mayor A. J. Holloway and Casino Gaming in Biloxi, MS'

This research examines the leadership style of Mayor A. J. Holloway, of Biloxi, Mississippi. In particular, we analyze how Mayor Holloway used a program entrepreneur leadership style to navigate public- and private-sector interests surrounding the casino gaming industry in Biloxi to facilitate revitalization of its tourist industry and propel the city to its greatest level of prosperity in its 300-year history.
African American Fathers’ Race-Related Discussions with Their Children: Associations with Racial Identity Beliefs and Sociodemographic Factors

Studies have highlighted that, for African American men, race-related and sociodemographic contexts are inextricably bound and have profound effects across the life course. These context and related experiences, individually and collectively, are critical social determinants of their parenting practices. The current study examined African American fathers’ racial identity beliefs in relation to their ethnic-racial socialization practices. Further, this investigation examines this association within the context of sociodemographic factors (i.e., age; education level; residential status). Data were collected from 174 African American fathers (M = 32.2; SD = 8.24; Range = 23–62 years of age) of adolescents (M = 12.6; SD = 2.20; Range = 8–18 years of age) residing in a mid-sized, urban city in the Southeastern region of the United States. Participants completed survey questionnaires regarding their parenting ideologies, sociocontextual experiences and parenting practices. Regression analyses revealed that racial identity dimensions (centrality; public regard; private regard) and sociodemographic factors were directly associated with multiple ethnic-racial socialization domains. Also, the relationship between fathers’ perceptions of others’ views about African Americans (public regard) and ethnic-racial socialization was moderated by residential status. Findings suggest that, African American fathers’ public regard beliefs, in combination with sociodemographic factors, shape race-related discussions with their children. Overall, results suggest that the public lens of fatherhood is further heightened by African American fathers’ sociodemographic landscape.
System Co-design of a 600V GaN FET Power Stage with Integrated Driver in a QFN System-in-Package (QFN-SiP)

The adoption of GaN technology, in power electronic applications, is greatly facilitated by its inherent performance benefits as compared to its MOSFET counterparts. The ability to co-integrate controller and multiple passives, along with the GaN FETs on standard, cost-effectiveness, QFN-Module/SiP packaging technology, helps to further support GaN-based system proliferation. However, these benefits can easily be outweighed if system co-design practices, to minimize components interaction, are not adopted early in the design process. In this paper we present the electrical system co-design and measurement validation results of a high-performance 600V 70mΩ GaN transistor with integrated gate driver packaged in a 32-pin 8.00mm × 8.00mm QFN-SiP package. Due to the complex system-in-package (SiP) integration electromagnetic interactions between driver/FET, package, and PCB are exacerbated, compromising benefits of integration and system performance. We detail here how optimization of the system, was achieved through a coupled circuit-to-electromagnetic co-design modeling and simulation methodology. Laboratory measurements on a 600V driver-integrated GaN 70mΩ FET power stage for power conversion are presented that validate the integrity of the co-design modeling and simulation methodology.
Code performance measurement as an educational tool

Physical restraints on current processor technologies are limiting the potential for continued processor speed improvements. Next-generation processor technologies might be decades off or might never come to fruition. As the increase in processor speed slows from the dramatic pace of Moore's Law, the efficiency of the running software is again becoming important. Is code performance measurement a valid topic in a computer science department's curriculum? Can students measure the performance of the programs they write? This study attempts to answer these questions by evaluating the ease with which a performance measurement tool can be applied to a simple programming assignment, and whether it can discern performance differences in small student programs as well as differences in processors.
The p-AAA algorithm for data driven modeling of parametric dynamical systems.

The AAA algorithm has become a popular tool for data-driven rational approximation of single variable functions, such as transfer functions of a linear dynamical system. In the setting of parametric dynamical systems appearing in many prominent applications, the underlying (transfer) function to be modeled is a multivariate function. With this in mind, we develop the AAA framework for approximating multivariate functions where the approximant is constructed in the multivariate Barycentric form. The method is data-driven, in the sense that it does not require access to full state-space data and requires only function evaluations. We discuss an extension to the case of matrix-valued functions, i.e., multi-input/multi-output dynamical systems, and provide a connection to the tangential interpolation theory. Several numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
AffordIt!: A Tool for Authoring Object Component Behavior in VR

This paper presents AffordIt!, a tool for adding affordances to the component parts of a virtual object. Following 3D scene reconstruction and segmentation procedures, domain experts find themselves with complete virtual objects, but no intrinsic behaviors have been assigned, forcing them to use unfamiliar Desktop-based 3D editing tools. Our solution allows a user to select a region of interest for a mesh cutter tool, assign an intrinsic behavior and view an animation preview of their work. To evaluate the usability and workload of AffordIt! we ran an exploratory study to gather feedback. Results show high usability and low workload ratings.
A phase I/Ib study of lenvatinib and cetuximab in patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

6541Background: Despite overexpression of EGFR in HNSCC, cetuximab monotherapy has limited benefit. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is a known resistance mechanism to EGFR inhibi...
Physician variation in ordering of transthoracic echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiac clinics.

Background The pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for outpatient transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) aim to reduce practice variation. Little is known on variation in TTE use between physicians. Understanding this variation will help identify areas for improvement in standardization of TTE use. Methods and results This is a retrospective review of initial outpatient visits at 6 pediatric cardiology centers in the United States prior to AUC release. Variation in TTE use was examined using multilevel generalized mixed effects models. Forward selection identified combinations of variables that explained the most variance in TTE use between physicians. Due to collinearity, physician compensation model and center were analyzed separately. Of 2883 encounters, the most common indication was murmur (36%), followed by chest pain (15.2%). Overall TTE use was 41.9%, and varied widely between centers (22.9%-52.6%), and between physicians within centers. Center alone explained 29% of this physician variance. Adding physician characteristics increased the variance explained to 57%, which only minimally improved by adding patient characteristics. The variance explained was driven by subspecialty. The center-based multivariable model explained more variance over compensation model. Conclusions Center was the single largest determinant of physician variance in TTE use, followed by physician subspecialty. Efforts to reduce practice variation, such as the AUC, should be employed across centers and all pediatric cardiac providers. Center appears to have a stronger impact on variance than compensation model, though in this dataset the effect of center and compensation are hard to separate from each other and deserve further evaluation.
Automated Recognition of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells on Limited Training Samples Using Neural Networks

Purpose To develop a neural network (NN)-based approach, with limited training resources, that identifies and counts the number of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in confocal microscopy images obtained from cell culture or mice RPE/choroid flat-mounts. Methods Training and testing dataset contained two image types: wild-type mice RPE/choroid flat-mounts and ARPE 19 cells, stained for Rhodamine-phalloidin, and imaged with confocal microscopy. After image preprocessing for denoising and contrast adjustment, scale-invariant feature transform descriptors were used for feature extraction. Training labels were derived from cells in the original training images, annotated and converted to Gaussian density maps. NNs were trained using the set of training input features, such that the obtained NN models accurately predicted corresponding Gaussian density maps and thus accurately identifies/counts the cells in any such image. Results Training and testing datasets contained 229 images from ARPE19 and 85 images from RPE/choroid flat-mounts. Within two data sets, 30% and 10% of the images, were selected for validation. We achieved 96.48% ± 6.56% and 96.88% ± 3.68% accuracy (95% CI), on ARPE19 and RPE/choroid flat-mounts. Conclusions We developed an NN-based approach that can accurately estimate the number of RPE cells contained in confocal images. Our method achieved high accuracy with limited training images, proved that it can be effectively used on images with unclear and curvy boundaries, and outperformed existing relevant methods by decreasing prediction error and variance. Translational relevance This approach allows efficient and effective characterization of RPE pathology and furthermore allows the assessment of novel therapeutics.
Long-run system value of battery energy storage in future grids with increasing wind and solar generation

Abstract With declining costs of battery storage, there is growing interest to deploy them in power systems to provide multiple grid services that directly support integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation. Here, we assess the holistic system value of energy storage in future grids with increasing wind and solar generation. We also identify the major sources of storage value and their dynamics under different system settings and at increasing storage and wind and solar penetration levels. We use a high temporal resolution capacity expansion model to study least-cost integration of storage in two variants of an abstract power system that is populated with load and VRE profiles consistent with the U.S. Northeast (North) and Texas (South) regions. For both systems, storage value originates primarily from deferring investments in generation capacity (VRE, natural gas) and transmission, and generally declines with increasing storage penetration. Increasing VRE penetration from 40% to 60% increases the value of storage, but only enough to make storage capacity up to 4% of peak demand cost-effective at current Lithium-ion capital costs. With future capital costs of $150/kWh for 4 h duration storage, the cost-effective storage penetration ranges between 4% and 16% of peak demand across the system scenarios studied here. Storage substitution of natural gas capacity is dependent on the VRE resource mix and penetration level, but is less than 1 GW per GW of storage added for the durations (2, 4 or 8 h) considered here. Increasing storage duration increases storage value in some cases, but this increase in value may be insufficient to compensate for the increase in capital cost per kW even under the future cost scenario.
Substantial potential effects on single-atom catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction simulated via a fixed-potential method

Abstract Potential not only governs the direction of electrochemical reactions, but also shapes the electronic properties of single-atom catalysts dramatically. However, it is a challenge to simulate the effects of potential theoretically. Normally, DFT calculations are performed at a constant number of electrons, not a constant voltage. In this work, we apply a new fixed-potential method (grand canonical method) in the DFT simulation to mimic the electrochemical processes, in which the total number of the electron in the system was floated to match the ‘‘applied voltage,’, or the electrode Fermi energy at the atomic level. Here, the single-atom catalysts on two-dimension substrates for the oxygen evolution reaction process are used as examples to test the fixed-potential method. This fixed-potential method changes the rate-determining step and yields an overpotential difference of as much as 0.48 V in comparison with the conventional charge-neutral method. The quantitative error in the overpotential is not as important as the qualitative error in rate-determining steps. These errors can be avoided via the fixed-charge method with the proper charge. We believe our work advances the understanding of the effects of potential on the catalytic process in real electrochemical reactions and offers practical guidance for designing catalysts.
Cytoskeletal and synaptic polarity of LWamide-like+ ganglion neurons in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

The centralized nervous systems of bilaterian animals rely on directional signaling facilitated by polarized neurons with specialized axons and dendrites. It is not known whether axo-dendritic polarity is exclusive to bilaterians or was already present in early metazoans. We therefore examined neurite polarity in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Cnidaria). Cnidarians form a sister clade to bilaterians and share many neuronal building blocks characteristic of bilaterians including channels, receptors and synaptic proteins, but their nervous systems comprise a comparatively simple net distributed throughout the body. We developed a tool kit of fluorescent polarity markers for live imaging analysis of polarity in an identified neuron type, large ganglion cells of the body column nerve net that express the LWamide-like neuropeptide. Microtubule polarity differs in bilaterian axons and dendrites, and this in part underlies polarized distribution of cargo to the two types of processes. However, in LWamide-like+ neurons, all neurites had axon-like microtubule polarity suggesting that they may have similar contents. Indeed, presynaptic and postsynaptic markers trafficked to all neurites and accumulated at varicosities where neurites from different neurons often crossed, suggesting the presence of bidirectional synaptic contacts. Furthermore, we could not identify a diffusion barrier in the plasma membrane of any of the neurites like the axon initial segment barrier that separates the axonal and somatodendritic compartments in bilaterian neurons. We conclude that at least one type of neuron in Nematostella vectensis lacks the axo-dendritic polarity characteristic of bilaterian neurons.
Face-to-Face and Online Classes in a Technology Management Program: A Comparative Study.

This study compared students’ expectations, perceptions, and grades in two undergraduate technology management courses at a university in the United States. One course was a technical course taught by a single instructor in an online course section and in a face-to-face section, and the second was a nontechnical course taught by a different instructor in an online and in a face-to-face section. Different concerns were evident between online and face-to-face students and between those in a technical or nontechnical section of a course. For the technical course sections, grades were higher in the online section.
In-Bore Versus Fusion MRI-Targeted Biopsy of PI-RADS Category 4 and 5 Lesions: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis Using Propensity Score Weighting.

Please see the Editorial Comment by Daniel N. Costa discussing this article. To listen to the podcast associated with this article, please select one of the following: iTunes, Google Play, or direc...
Making out, going all the way, or risking it: Identifying individual, event, and partner-level predictors of non-penetrative, protected penetrative, and unprotected penetrative hookups

Abstract Hookups, i.e., short-term sexual encounters with no expectations of relational commitment, are commonplace in American college campuses. Even though a substantial number of students engage in hookups involving non-penetrative sexual acts such as kissing and genital touching, scholarly attention has been skewed toward those students who engage in riskier sexual behaviors such as protected and unprotected sexual intercourse during hookups. The present study addresses this gap by identifying individual-, event-, and hookup partner-level factors that distinguish students who engage in non-penetrative, protected penetrative, and unprotected penetrative hookups. 318 college students who had at least one hook up experience in their lives were recruited for this study. 131 students reported their most recent hookup being non-penetrative in nature, while 129 reported having protected penetrative sex, and 58 had unprotected penetrative sex. Results showed that dating anxiety increased the odds of engaging in non-penetrative hookups while sexual permissiveness, number of sexual partners, sexual attraction toward hookup partners, and sexting hookup partners increased the odds of protected penetrative hookups. Homosexual students and students who watched porn more frequently were most likely to engage in unprotected penetrative hookups. Implications of these results on college policies regarding student health are discussed.
Dynamism & Diversity in U.S.-BRIC Trade

This briefing highlights the United States’ recent trade position with some of the world’s fastest growing emerging markets: Brazil, Russia, India, and China (the “BRIC” countries). It adds context to the first BRIC summit that took place in June 2009 in Russia, and demonstrates how BRIC partners have maintained different trade relationships with the United States ─often reflecting their different development paths. Specifically, Brazil’s export concentration in primary products (e.g., oil, iron ore, soybeans) and certain manufacturing sectors (e.g., aircraft), Russia’s export concentration in oil products, India’s export concentration in services, and China’s export concentration in manufactured goods, have, in varying degrees, been reflected in their respective bilateral trade relationships with the United States.
A NOTE ON THE APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE INPUT SPECTRUM THEORY TO COMBINE WAVE INDUCED STRESSES

The wave induced stresses in the ship structure are not solely dependent on a single type of loading. The most common example is the longitudinal stress at the deck edge due to bending. Because there is normally structural symmetry about the centerplane of the ship, quasi-static bending loads are most conveniently resolved into vertical and horizontal bending. The superposition of component stresses to yield a combined total stress is as basic and ordinary an approach in structural mechanics as it is in hydro-mechanics and rigid body dynamics. There are two complicating factors in the superposition of wave induced component stresses. The first is that the component loads which produce the component stresses are functions of time. The second factor is that the ultimate origin of wave induced loads (the waves themselves) must be considered to be random. Within the framework of the general assumptions which are ordinarily made about wave induced loads and elastic structural behavior, it is possible (to a point) to organize the problem of combined wave induced stresses into forms which are not unreasonable for application. This is the purpose of the present note.
Neuropeptide processing enzymes of the carotid body. Biochemical and immunological characterization of carboxypeptidase activity.

Several studies using immunocytochemical approaches have demonstrated that a variety of neuropeptides occur in the carotid body and that they are associated with nerve fibers or type I cells or blood vessels (Table 1). Furthermore, elegant electrophysiological studies showed that carotid body activity is augmented by exogenous administration of neuropeptides like substance P (McQueen, 1980; Prabhakar et al, 1989) and endothelins (Chen et al, 1994) whereas it is attenuated by enkephalins (Monti-Bloch & Eyzaguirre, 1985), and atrial natriuretic peptide (Wang et al, 1991). The occurrence of multiple neuropeptides and their exogenous effects on the activity of the carotid body suggest that they may be of importance in the sensory response of the carotid body.
Administrative Management in Favour of Medium-Sized Farms in France

Publisher Summary In 1984, the challenge facing the dairy sector in France was to succeed in reorganizing milk production on the basis of a system that penalized transfers resulting in heavy concentrations of milk quotas. In its draft of July 1997, Agenda 2000 proposed the maintenance of milk quotas, a 10% decrease in milk support prices, the abolition of the compensatory subsidy on maize for silage, the creation of a dairy cow premium, and the benefit of a bovine premium. The departmentalization of the national reserve was imposed by most departments who felt that their milk capacity was in jeopardy. Not without considerable resistance from many parties, this first step resulted in the gradual merging of the new system of deductions and definition of priority cases into the pre-existing mould of administrative control, thereby strengthening and revitalizing the latter. The introduction of milk quotas gave a new lease of life to the administrative control of French agriculture. Its management was entrusted to a “joint commission” in parallel with the existing commission of administrative control, its panel being enlarged to include milk, producers, and dairies. Future prospects are, to a large extent, governed by two factors: the continued application of administratively controlled management of milk production and the outcome of the Agenda 2000 negotiations.
Networking between agencies and black churches: The lay health advisor model

Summary The question of the possible, proper, or desirable relationships of churches lo health and human service agencies is raised. Identifying, recruiting, and training important members of natural helping networks in the black church, who can serve as “lay health advisors” (LHA) linking and negotiating between people at risk and agency services, is one health intervention strategy for establishing a relationship between formal and informal support systems. As lay people to whom others naturally turn for advice, emotional support, and tangible aid, LHAs provide informal and spontaneous assistance. Found at many levels in a community, these persons are already helping people by virtue of their community roles, occupations, or personality traits. A lay health advisor intervention model conceptualizes the relationships between the social support functions of networks within black congregations and their expected effects on: (1) the behaviors of individuals at risk; (2) the service delivery structures of ag...
Connections between three-dimensional inverse scattering and linear least-squares estimation of random fields

The three-dimensional Schr/Sdinger equation inverse scattering problem with a non- spherically-symmetric potential is related to the filtering problem of computing the linear least- squares estimate of the three-dimensional random field on the surface of a sphere from noisy observations inside the sphere. The relation consists of associating an estimation problem with the inverse scattering problem, and vice-versa. This association allows equations and quantities for one problem to be given interpretations in terms of the other problem. A new fast algorithm is obtained for the estimation of random fields using this association. The present work is an extension of the connections between estimation and inverse scattering already known to exist for stationary random processes and one-dimensional scattering potentials, and isotropic random fields and radial scattering potentials. AMS subject classiacations {1980). 35R30, 93E11, 35L20.
Issues of establishment, consolidation, and reorganization in biobehavioral adaptation

Two strains of male mice have bred over fortygenerations, starting with the work of RobertCairns and his colleagues, one strain with ahigh level of intra-species aggression, theother a low level of aggression. Thehigh-aggression mice tend to establishdominance hierarchies and particularly fight inthe presence of female mice. Thelow-aggression mice tend, in groups of theirown, to have a high degree of low-intensity,peaceful social contact, and to be more timidin initiating action than the high-aggressionmice. Biochemical differences have beenobserved between the two strains, and confirmedby the present data: the high-aggression micehave greater dopamine concentrations (in thecaudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens), lowerlevels of the stress hormone corticosterone,and higher levels of testosterone than thelow-aggression mice. The current experimentswere designed to answer questions about theflexibility of adaptive behaviors:specifically, what is the effect of early dailymaternal separation on adult stress response ineach strain? What are the behavioral andhormonal mechanisms by which, as has beenobserved, low-aggression mice achieve adominant status when brought into situationswhere they compete for territory withhigh-aggression mice? Finally, what are thesocial and neurochemical mechanisms by whichhigh-aggression mice can develop low-aggressionbehavior if brought out of isolation and intogroups?Maternal separation was found to lead todecreases in stress levels, as measured bycorticosterone, in the low-aggression but notthe high-aggression, mice – presumably becauseof the surplus of maternal care the pupsreceive on returning to the nest. When alow-aggression mouse became dominant and ahigh-aggression mouse became submissive, theirusual pattern of corticosterone andtestosterone levels was found to be reversed. The change to low-aggression behavior inhigh-aggression mice switching from anisolation condition to a group condition, wasmediated by a decrease in D1 dopaminereceptor densities.These results, like the ones on which theybuild, argue for substantial developmentalinfluences in expressions of the genesinfluencing aggressive or cooperative behavior. In this approach to evolution, epigenesis istreated not as a set of traits and behaviorspredetermined by the genome, but as a set ofprobabilistic tendencies toward certain traitsand behaviors.
Egon Schiele and Frida Kahlo: the self-portrait as mirror.

This article explores the psychoanalytic significance of the self-portraits of Egon Schiele and Frida Kahlo. Both artists employed the self-portrait as a central means of artistic expression. Their fanatic and prolific focus on artistic selfrepresentation exemplifies the manner in which they dealt creatively with narcissistic issues. The therapeutic function of the self-portrait as mirror is examined as well as the part it plays in self-consolidation and identity maintenance.
The Rules of Redaction: Identify, Protect, Review (and Repeat)

Frequent data leak reports in the press attest to the difficulty of identifying and protecting sensitive content. Redaction is particularly challenging because it seeks to protect a document by selectively removing only the sensitive parts. The prototype system described here addresses some current technology limitations.