cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Game Analysis, Validation, and Potential Application of EyeToy Play and Play 2 to Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation

Objective. To describe and analyze the potential use of games in the commercially available EyeToy Play and EyeToy Play 2 on required/targeted training skills and feedback provided for clinical application. Methods. A summary table including all games was created. Two movement experts naive to the software validated required/targeted training skills and feedback for 10 randomly selected games. Ten healthy school-aged children played to further validate the required/targeted training skills. Results. All but two (muscular and cardiovascular endurance) had excellent agreement in required/targeted training skills, and there was 100% agreement on feedback. Children's performance in required/targeted training skills (number of unilateral reaches and bilateral reaches, speed, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance) significantly differed between games (P < .05). Conclusion. EyeToy Play games could be used to train children's arm function. However, a careful evaluation of the games is needed since performance might not be consistent between players and therapists' interpretation.
Capacity of the Continuous-Space Electromagnetic Channel

Constructing the capacity bound of a multiple-input multiple-output wireless system is often performed by assuming specified antenna configurations and a propagation environment and determining the signaling strategy which maximizes throughput. This paper extends this approach to further determine the optimal antenna characteristics which maximize the capacity for the propagation scenario, with the resulting capacity bound representing the ultimate maximum achievable value if optimal antenna design and signaling are used. In this approach, the spatially-continuous transmit currents and receive fields are represented using eigenfunctions of appropriate operators. It is shown that, except under certain conditions where array supergain solutions emerge, the capacity remains bounded for finite transmit power. The approach also shows how to limit supergain effects using practical constraints. Model problems and numerical computations are provided for different power constraints at the transmitter and noise characteristics at the receiver.
The Formation of Large‐scale Collaborative Resource Management Institutions: Clarifying the Roles of Stakeholders, Science, and Institutions

This article explores the emergence of collaborative institutional arrangements for managing natural resources in large-scale and complex resource settings, among numerous political jurisdictions and stakeholders. It examines four regional institutions in the United States: the Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Fish and Wildlife Program, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the CALFED BayDelta Program, and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. While a wealth of literature has looked at the emergence of smaller-scale resource management institutions, and some literature has begun to look at the characteristics and successes of these regional institutions, theory is lacking to explain the formation of these regional institutions. We first introduce three relevant streams of literature—on common pool resources management, on policy entrepreneurs and social capital, and on science and information in policy change—to frame our analysis. The comparisons of the cases point to the importance of integrating key insights from the literature for understanding the formation of collaborative resource governance. We emphasize how science, leadership, and prior organizational experience interact in facilitating institutional change, particularly in the process of raising awareness about resource management problems. In tracing the formation of these institutions, we also identify how external institutional triggers can help spur collaborative governance.
Density, short-range order, and the quark-gluon plasma

We study the thermal part of the energy density spatial correlator in the quark-gluon plasma. We describe its qualitative form at high temperatures. We then calculate it out to distances $\ensuremath{\approx}1.5/T$ in SU(3) gauge theory lattice simulations for the range of temperatures $0.9\ensuremath{\le}T/{T}_{c}\ensuremath{\le}2.2$. The vacuum-subtracted correlator exhibits nonmonotonic behavior, and is almost conformal by $2{T}_{c}$. Its broad maximum at $r\ensuremath{\approx}0.6/T$ suggests a dense medium with only weak short-range order, similar to a nonrelativistic fluid near the liquid-gas phase transition, where $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ is minimal.
The Interaction of Alkylglycosides with Other Surfactants.

Abstract The interaction of n-decyl-β-maltoside (C10M), n-decyl-β-glucoside (C10G), n-dodecyl-β-maltoside (C12M), 1:1 (molar) C10M/C10G mixtures, and 2:1 (molar) C12M/n-dodecyl-β-glucoside (C12G) mixtures with anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic surfactants has been investigated. The non-glycosidic surfactants used were the the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate (C12ESNa), the cationic surfactants decyl trimethylammonium bromide (C10TMAB), dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride (C12TMAC), and tetradecylammonium bromide (C14TMAB), the nonionic surfactant dodecyl hexaethoxyethanol (C12EO7), and the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine (C12BMG). The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), efficiency of surface tension reduction (pC20), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin), and the CMC/C20 ratio, were determined for both the individual surfactants and their mixtures. The glucosides and maltosides show no significant interaction with each other or with the nonionic surfactant C12EO7. The maltosides interact weakly with the cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic surfactants. The glucosides interact somewhat more strongly with the same surfactants. Interaction is even stronger when glucoside/maltoside mixtures are interacted with the non-glycosidic surfactant. As a result, synergism is most prone to be found in systems containing the non-glycosidic surfactant and glucoside/maltoside mixture.
Music, culture and the Hawaiian renaissance

(1986). Music, culture and the Hawaiian renaissance. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 47-53.
Unsupervised category learning with integral-dimension stimuli

Despite the recent surge in research on unsupervised category learning, the majority of studies have focused on unconstrained tasks in which no instructions are provided about the underlying category structure. Relatively little research has focused on constrained tasks in which the goal is to learn predefined stimulus clusters in the absence of feedback. The few studies that have addressed this issue have focused almost exclusively on stimuli for which it is relatively easy to attend selectively to the component dimensions (i.e., separable dimensions). In the present study, we investigated the ability of participants to learn categories constructed from stimuli for which it is difficult, if not impossible, to attend selectively to the component dimensions (i.e., integral dimensions). The experiments demonstrate that individuals are capable of learning categories constructed from the integral dimensions of brightness and saturation, but this ability is generally limited to category structures requiring se...
Speech Analysis in Financial Markets

Introduction. Research Approach and Speech Corpus. Research on Nonverbal Communication in Accounting and Finance. Research Challenges and Future Opportunities. Concluding Remarks. References.
Genetic Interactions between Phytochrome A, Phytochrome B, and Cryptochrome 1 during Arabidopsis Development

Single, double, and triple null combinations of Arabidopsis mutants lacking the photoreceptors phytochrome (phy) A (phyA-201), phyB (phyB-5), and cryptochrome (cry) 1 (hy4-2.23n) were examined for de-etiolation responses in high-fluence red, far-red, blue, and broad-spectrum white light. Cotyledon unhooking, unfolding, and expansion, hypocotyl growth, and the accumulation of chlorophylls and anthocyanin in 5-d-old seedlings were measured under each light condition and in the dark. phyA was the major photoreceptor/effector for most far-red-light responses, although phyB and cry1 modulated anthocyanin accumulation in a phyA-dependent manner. phyB was the major photoreceptor in red light, although cry1 acted as a phyA/phyB-dependent modulator of chlorophyll accumulation under these conditions. All three photoreceptors contributed to most blue light deetiolation responses, either redundantly or additively; however, phyB acted as a modulator of cotyledon expansion dependent on the presence of cry1. As reported previously, flowering time in long days was promoted by phyA and inhibited by phyB, with each suppressing the other's effect. In addition to the effector/modulator relationships described above, measurements of hypocotyls from blue-light-grown seedlings demonstrated phytochrome activity in blue light and cry1 activity in a phyAphyB mutant background.
Effects of Corn Processing on the Site and Extent of Digestion in Lactating Cows

Three multiparous Holstein cows in midlactation were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. Cows were used in an experiment with a 3 x 3 Latin square design to study the effect of corn processing on nutrient flow from the rumen to the duodenum and on ruminal fermentation in lactating cows. Cows were fed diets consisting of 40% forage and 60% concentrate. The only difference in dietary ingredients was the type of processed corn included at 24% of the total diet (as-fed basis). Treatments were dry-rolled corn with a bulk density of 0.54 kg/L and steam-flaked corn with a bulk density of either 0.39 kg/L or 0.31 kg/L. Ruminal fluid pH was not affected by corn processing, but steam-flaking decreased the molar percentage of acetate and increased the molar percentage of propionate. Digestibility of starch in the rumen was not affected by processing. Digestibility of starch entering the duodenum as well as apparent digestibility of starch in the total tract were increased by steam-flaking. Flow of feed and microbial N from the rumen and microbial N efficiency were not affected by grain processing. Yields of milk and milk components as well as composition of milk were not affected by grain processing.
Central Sensitization Syndrome and the Initial Evaluation of a Patient with Fibromyalgia: A Review

In both primary care and consultative practices, patients presenting with fibromyalgia (FM) often have other medically unexplained somatic symptoms and are ultimately diagnosed as having central sensitization (CS). Central sensitization encompasses many disorders where the central nervous system amplifies sensory input across many organ systems and results in myriad symptoms. A pragmatic approach to evaluate FM and related symptoms, including a focused review of medical records, interviewing techniques, and observations, is offered here, giving valuable tools for identifying and addressing the most relevant symptoms. At the time of the clinical evaluation, early consideration of CS may improve the efficiency of the visit, reduce excessive testing, and help in discerning between typical and atypical cases so as to avoid an inaccurate diagnosis. Discussion of pain and neurophysiology and sensitization often proves helpful.
A novel approach to extraction of a large thrombus on the intraventricular guide‐wire during transcatheter aortic valve replacement

For appropriate patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis with a prohibitively high surgical risk, trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now established as a viable option. Thrombosis on the intra-ventricular guide-wire during TAVR is a recognized complication (Wiper et al., Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2014). There is an obvious potential for embolization with particular concern for stroke in this situation. We describe a case in which a >1cm thrombus was noted on the intra-ventricular guide-wire by trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) during a TAVR procedure. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was still performed and an Edwards Sapien valve was deployed. After valve deployment a multi-purpose guiding catheter was advanced with continuous suction. The guide-wire and thrombus were withdrawn inside the guiding catheter. The guide-wire and catheter were removed as a single unit, allowing the thrombus to be safely retrieved. We believe that this is a novel technique of aspiration thrombectomy in this potentially hazardous clinical circumstance. As our experience with TAVR increases, so does our experience with the complications. In the PARTNER trial there was a higher rate of neurological events in TAVR patients than those who had open aortic valve replacement (Smith et al. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2187-2198.). This may be related to peri-procedural formation of thrombus and subsequent embolization. We report a case where a large guide-wire thrombus identified during TAVR was successfully removed using a novel approach, preventing a potentially major stroke in this high-risk patient. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of methylphenidate in depression

Abstract Introduction: Depression is a burdening disease state where up to 30% of individuals do not respond to first-line treatment. Adjunctive use of psychostimulants has been investigated for the treatment of depression in patient populations, including those with treatment-resistant depression or terminal illness. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on the efficacy of using methylphenidate to manage depression. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and PsychINFO using the following key words: psychostimulants, stimulants, methylphenidate, alternative therapy, depression, and major depressive disorder. All reports included were published before June 30, 2015. Results: For this review 10 reports, including randomized controlled, case series, and retrospective chart review studies, were identified and assessed. Patient populations studied included patients with treatment-resistant depression, patients with terminal illness, geriatric patients, and patient...
CFD–DEM simulations of current-induced dune formation and morphological evolution

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of sediment transport, particularly those during the formation and evolution of bedforms, is of critical scientific importance and has engineering relevance. Traditional approaches of sediment transport simulations heavily rely on empirical models, which are not able to capture the physics-rich, regime-dependent behaviors of the process. With the increase of available computational resources in the past decade, CFD–DEM (computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method) has emerged as a viable high-fidelity method for the study of sediment transport. However, a comprehensive, quantitative study of the generation and migration of different sediment bed patterns using CFD–DEM is still lacking. In this work, current-induced sediment transport problems in a wide range of regimes are simulated, including ‘flat bed in motion’, ‘small dune’, ‘vortex dune’ and suspended transport. Simulations are performed by using SediFoam, an open-source, massively parallel CFD–DEM solver developed by the authors. This is a general-purpose solver for particle-laden flows tailed for particle transport problems. Validation tests are performed to demonstrate the capability of CFD–DEM in the full range of sediment transport regimes. Comparison of simulation results with experimental and numerical benchmark data demonstrates the merits of CFD–DEM approach. In addition, the improvements of the present simulations over existing studies using CFD–DEM are presented. The present solver gives more accurate prediction of sediment transport rate by properly accounting for the influence of particle volume fraction on the fluid flow. In summary, this work demonstrates that CFD–DEM is a promising particle-resolving approach for probing the physics of current-induced sediment transport.
Anal carcinoma: The American experience

Background: Anal cancer comprises 2 to 4% of all cases of carcinoma of the anus and colorectum in the United States. Its management in the USA is described.
Electron and X-Ray Photon Radiation Effects on Surfaces of Lead Silicate Glasses

Radiation effects on insulators have been extensively studied in terms of radiation induced damage. However, little work has concentrated on in situ surface modification during irradiation and the evolution of surface relaxation after the termination of irradiation. In this work, 1.3 keV electrons and 1.2536 keV Mg Kα X-ray photons were applied to investigate radiation effects on surface structural changes during irradiation and relaxation. The microstructure and composition of lead silicate glass were investigated in situ in an ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) environment by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Similar surface radiation effects were observed using both types of radiation which included permanent metallic lead separation from the glass network resulting from Pb-O bond breaking, bimodal distribution of the 0 is XPS signal due to bridging and non-bridging oxygens, gradual increase of total lead and silicon concentrations and gradual decrease of oxygen concentration during relaxation. Different radiation effects for electron beam and X-ray photons were also observed. For photon irradiation, silicon and lead continuously accumulated while the oxygen on the surface continuously decreased during irradiation and relaxation. In the case of electron irradiation, both silicon and lead were depleted from the surface during irradiation and accumulated during relaxation. Opposite concentration changes were observed for oxygen; it increased during irradiation and decreased during relaxation. The experimental results are discussed in terms of charge effects, secondary electron yield, field-enhanced diffusion, non-bridging oxygens and nucleation of metallic lead.
Characteristics of Ultra Shallow B Implantation with Decaborane

The characteristics of ultra shallow B implantation with mass-analyzed decaborane cluster ions (B10Hx +) are presented. Depth profiles of B and co-implanted H were measured by SIMS, before and after annealing. Annealing results in the increase in the depth of B distribution, due to diffusion, but most of H diffuses out of Si. While the sputtering yield of Si per incoming B in a cluster was found to be comparable to the estimated sputtering yield of Si with B+ ions of the equivalent energy (∼ 1.2 keV), the surface effects of the two types of ions may be quite different. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the smoothing effect of the small decaborane cluster ions, observed previously by us on a surface of amorphous Si, is also present on crystalline Si and even on a much rougher surface of polycrystalline Ta film. The smoothing affects different parts of the power density spectra as functions of spatial frequency in the amorphous and crystalline materials. The smoothing on c-Si surfaces is in sharp contrast to roughening of these surfaces by irradiation with monomer Ar ions, which was done for reference. This indicates that different ion-surface interaction mechanisms are needed to describe impacts of cluster and of monomer ions. All other effects of Si implantation with B10Hx + measured to date were found to be the same as those with B+ ions of equivalent energy and dose, which confirms that decaborane implantation is an alternative to the very low energy B implantation for ultra shallow p-type junctions in Si devices.
Diversity, Information Sources and Sub-National Legislative Processes

What if any obligation is there to ensure that social diversity and gender equality are both recognized and accommodated within a political system? Does descriptive representation make any difference in how the interests of marginalized populations get aggregated into sub-national policy processes and the ensuing outcomes? Similarly, are certain types of legislators more likely than others to encourage broader stakeholder involvement in the policy process? This research examines how demographic, institutional and geographic diversity in and across elected officials, legislative districts and sub-national policy bodies influences the relative importance of information sources for state legislators. Set in a U.S. context, the study highlights the value that legislators, in 24 states across the four main census regions, place on information obtained from policy insiders, policy outsiders and a host of mid-range policy actors. It underscores the merit of intentionality in the diversification of the individuals who hold elected offices and how they may use their influence to increase political access for others. The research suggests that the range of individuals and organizations that can influence the policy decisions that elected officials make is related to issues of representation in important ways.
The steady-state model of power-saver based on the zig-zag type auto-transformer

According to the principle of multi-winding flux coupling,this paper presents a steady-state model of power-saver based on the zig-zag type auto-transformer. The characteristic of the power-saver equivalent circuit is studied in detail. The analysis shows the power-saver can filter out zero-sequence first harmonic and harmonic load currents,and reduce the zero-sequence current caused by the zerosequence component of power source. The simulation results testify the aforementioned theoretical analysis.
Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and Iatrogenic Injuries

Genitourinary trauma usually occurs in the setting of multisystem trauma, accounting for approximately 10% of all emergency department admissions. Timely evaluation and management of the trauma patient have the potential to minimize urologic morbidity and mortality. New imaging modalities and a growing emphasis on nonoperative expectant management of both upper and lower urinary tract injuries have changed the field of urologic trauma. Concomitant injury to both the upper and the lower urinary tract is rare, but careful evaluation is critical to identify these devastating injuries.
SPARC and the Tumor Microenvironment

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that modulates the levels of cell adhesion and migration, as well as regulates cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis during normal development and tissue remodeling. These same cellular processes are necessary for tumor growth and progression, and they proceed as a result of the interplay between the tumor cells and the stromal and immune cells within the tissue microenvironment. Evidence suggests that SPARC contributes to these tumor-associated processes; however, deciphering its role is complicated by the fact that SPARC may be produced and secreted by cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells resulting in autocrine and paracrine effects on the tumor microenvironment. Its ability to promote deadhesion of cells from the ECM results in tumor and stromal cell migration and dissemination. It can also inhibit proliferation in cancer cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells directly or indirectly by binding to various growth factors and inhibiting downstream signaling. In addition, SPARC can regulate ECM deposition, assembly, and remodeling by regulating collagen processing and altering the secretion of matrix proteins and matrix degrading proteases from cancer cells and stromal cells. Finally, SPARC can also regulate the tumor microenvironment by suppressing immune cell infiltration and limiting tumor elimination. The evidence for each of these functions of SPARC in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment will be discussed.
Phenomenology in Sociology

The work of the Austrian born philosopher Alfred Schutz (1899–1959) provides the most important foundation for phenomenological sociology. Framed in the general atmosphere of a debate between scientific and antiscientific movements his ideas put social life in the context of everyday life, the Lebenswelt. Properly understood phenomenology is prescientific, an attempt to ground the social sciences in human experience. Schutz was strongly influenced by the metaphysician Henri Bergson, Edmond Husserl, and the pragmatist William James. The legacy of Alfred Schutz can be found in two current sociological traditions: social constructionism, and ethnomethodology.
Assessment of Patients with Whiplash-Associated Disorders Consequent to Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Comprehensive Approach

Publisher Summary This chapter establishes whiplash as the most common type of injury sustained in an motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and forwards a conceptual model for assessing the pain behaviors evidenced by an individual, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of pain and the biomedical, psychological, and socioenvironmental factors that influence pain behaviors. Whiplash-associated disorders are the most common type of MVC-related injury. The medical evaluation involves ruling out red flags, recognizing the nature of injury, recognizing risk factors for delayed recovery, and recognizing other influential issues related to treatment planning. A number of standardized instruments for assessing pain, emotional distress, fear, coping, and cognitive functioning are in place. The psychological evaluation relies primarily on interview data and psychological testing. The procedures involved in comprehensively evaluating whiplash-associated disorders are reviewed and clear recommendations for prioritizing and interpreting assessment findings are provided. The delineation of relevant medical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors contributing to pain in a patient are critical in planning and executing a successful treatment plan.
Feller Processes and Semi-groups

Transition semi-groups, pseudo-Poisson processes, Feller properties, resolvents and generator, forward and backward equations, Yosida approximation, closure and cores, Levy processes, Hille–Yosida theorem, positive-maximum principle, compactification, existence and regularization, strong Markov property, discontinuity sets, Dynkin’s formula, characteristic operator, diffusions and elliptic operators, convergence of Feller processes, approximation of Markov chains, quasi-left continuity
Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal

Established in 1977, Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal was the first peer-reviewed journal focused specifically on the abuse and neglect of children. Since its founding, the journal has encouraged publication of the best available science for the benefit of children, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. The journal continues its tradition of inviting submissions from across the globe and supporting interdisciplinary approaches to child abuse and neglect. Keywords: child abuse; child abuse prevention; child neglect; child protection
A generalized approach to scatter correction using multiple energy windows

The authors studied the performance of methods for scatter correction in Tc-99m and Tl-201 imaging, using a Rollo phantom and a gamma camera modified to record (xyE) in list mode form. They compared the performance of these methods to optimal linear methods and to locally adaptive linear methods, and to the limits arising from the presence of Poisson noise. For Tc-99m, only modest improvement over the performance of dual-window methods is possible with any linear method. At typical clinical count rates, mean square error is dominated by Poisson noise (and so cannot be improved by any method), although a slight reduction in bias may be possible with locally adaptive techniques or by smoothing the scatter estimate. Dual- or triple-window techniques are further from optimal for Tl-201, and locally adaptive techniques, such as spectral fitting, may be more useful. >
Psychophysical Relationships Between Perceived Sweetness and Color in Cherry-Flavored Beverages

Sweetness of cherry-flavored and colored beverages, containing 3.2 to 4.8% sucrose, was quantified by a panel of 10 men and women, ages 22-50, using magnitude estimation. Five intensities of cherry colors were formulated using increasing volumes of Red 40 and a constant volume of both Blue 1 and imitation cherry flavoring. Color measurements from the Gardner XL-23 Colorimeter and the G. E. Recording Spectrophotometer were converted to L*, a* and b*. Sweetness was evaluated against sucrose concentration and arctan (a*/b*). Magnitude tests to evaluate color acceptability and pleasantness were also conducted. All magnitude estimates were normalized and subjected to a two-way ANOVA. Sweetness perception was highly correlated with increasing sucrose concentration (r2> .90), producing a power function exponent of 1.98. Sweetness increased approximately 3 to 13% with increasing color intensity in solutions containing 3.96 to 4.4% sucrose. The exponent describing the sweetness-color relationship was less than 1.0, and followed the power law over a narrow range of color intensities. Color 4 was the most acceptable color and color 3 containing 4.6% sucrose had the most pleasant taste. Color might be used to replace some sucrose and can optimize pleasurable taste sensations.
Early developmental exposure to inorganic mercury does not alter affiliative behavior of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Mercury chloride exposure through drinking water in adult male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) has been shown to alter their social behavior. Here, we examined the potential disruption of adult social behavior in prairie voles that were exposed to 60 ppm mercury during early development. We used a cross-fostering approach to test the effects of mercury exposure: (1) from conception until birth; (ii) from birth until weaning; and (iii) from conception until weaning, on adult affiliative behavior. Untreated and mercury-treated voles were given the option of remaining in an empty cage or affiliating with a same-sex conspecific in a 3-h choice test. We found that early developmental mercury exposure had little if any effect on the reproductive success of breeder pairs or on affiliative behavior by either sex when subjects were tested as adults. These results suggest that, at least in the context of the behavior tested, the effects of early developmental exposure to mercury do not permanently alter adult prairie vole affiliative behavior, or do so in a way that is too subtle to be detected using the current testing paradigm.
Let's get physical: Biomechanical influences on human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards vascular engineering

Abstract Regenerative medicine provides a promising avenue of research in which tissue lost from disease, trauma and congenital defects can be replaced from substitutes created in the laboratory. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are of great interest in the field of cell therapy due to their ability to provide a patient-specific cell source for the supplementation of tissue engineering constructs. In the field of vascular tissue engineering, blood vessels are composite tissues comprised of various cell types, mainly endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, proper attention must be given to the differentiation process so that the appropriate cell type with the necessary functional properties can be obtained. A larger emphasis needs to be placed on optimizing the functional properties of these cells so that they can withstand physiologically relevant forces in the native environment and integrate into the patients' vasculature. Despite the importance of biomechanical cues in vascular development and engineering, few studies have investigated these critical factors during the differentiation of hPSCs into functional vascular cells and tissue. In this review, we summarize recent findings that elucidate the role of biomechanical influences on the differentiation of hPSCs. Specifically, we focus on their role in the differentiation of hPSCs into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. It is now evident that the use of these factors during differentiation can not only better direct cell fate, but can in fact enhance the specification and functionality of the differentiated cells. Finally, future directions and additional considerations for the use of biomechanical cues in the field of vascular bioengineering will be discussed.
Association between Neighborhood Conditions and Mental Disorders among Children in the US: Evidence from the National Survey of Children's Health 2011/12.

Background. This study examines the association between mental disorders and neighborhood conditions in a nationally representative sample of US children. Methods. Data from US children aged 6–17 years ( ,677) were obtained from the 2011/12 National Survey of Children’s Health. Analysis examined neighborhood conditions and demographic and psychosocial characteristics including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parental mental health status, and the associations with any current diagnosed mental disorders (ACDMD). ACDMD was a composite variable derived from four childhood mental disorders examined. We computed descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Results. Approximately 14% children had ACDMD. Of the neighborhood factors examined, nonsupportive neighborhood (AOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.71) was significantly associated with ACDMD in the multivariable models. Similarly, mother’s mental health (AOR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.43) and ACEs (e.g., AOR for 5–9 ACEs 6.36, 95% CI: 4.67, 8.65) were also found to be strongly associated with mental disorders. Conclusion. Our findings show that parental poor mental health, living in a nonsupportive neighborhood, and ACEs were important risk factors for child mental disorders. While more research is needed, children who have had early trauma and who reside with parents and caretakers with poor mental health are in need of additional services and treatment.
Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch

Duodenal switch offers one of the best long-term controls of obesity-related diseases such as type-2 diabetes and is associated with one of the lowest risks of weight regain long-term. It should be part of surgeons’ armamentarium, particularly for the management of weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy. Like any advanced surgical procedure, there is a learning curve associated with laparoscopic DS, but standardization of the different surgical steps allows keeping complication rates low. The use of a hand-sewn anastomosis allows keeping the risk of anastomotic leak to the lowest. In case of intraoperative difficulties, the procedure can be aborted to a stand-alone sleeve gastrectomy, and a duodenal switch can be performed 18 months to several years after the initial surgery, without losing its efficacy.
Measure and Integration

The foundations of integration theory date to the classical Greek period. The most notable contribution from that time is the “method of exhaustion” due to Eudoxos (ca. 408–355 B.C.E.; Asia Minor, now Turkey). Over two thousand years later, Augustin Cauchy stressed the importance of defining an integral as a limit of sums. One’s first encounter with a theory of the integral is usually with a variation on Cauchy’s definition given by Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866; Hanover, now Germany). Though the Riemann integral is attractive for many reasons and is an appropriate integral to learn first, it does have deficiencies. For one, the class of Riemann integrable functions is too small for many purposes. Henri Lebesgue gave, around 1900, another approach to integration. In addition to the integrals of Riemann and Lebesgue, there are yet other integrals, and debate is alive about which one is the best. Arguably, there is no one best integral. Different integrals work for different types of problems. It can be said, however, that Lebesgue’s ideas have been extremely successful, and that the Lebesgue integrable functions are the “right” ones for many functional analysts and probabilists. It is no coincidence that the rapid development of functional analysis coincided with the emergence of Lebesgue’s work.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

As site-specific management evolved into precision agriculture and began to be adopted by producers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, information about precision agriculture emerged in a variety of forms. Much of the information was initially available only in industry guides and popular press articles, such as Successful Farming and Farm Journal. Today, a variety of educational resources for both producers and advisors on precision agriculture has emerged, including books, proceedings of conferences, Extension bulletins, newsletters, industry guides, and multimedia modules. Recently, the Internet has had a significant influence on the production and dissemination of information on precision agriculture. The Internet has been a particularly valuable mode of information exchange due to the rapid evolution of technology and practices associated with precision agriculture, and because many of the early adopters of precision agriculture technologies were also early adopters of electronic communication technologies.
History of 3D Printing

Abstract Since its invention 50 years ago, 3D printing technology has progressed at a rapid pace, with significant impact in both the industrial and commercial world. Stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling were among the first widely successful methods of 3D printing, initially used for industrial prototyping. 3D printing technology was soon developed for use in a variety of fields, for large-scale manufacturing, engineering of highly complex parts, and even for personal use. In healthcare in particular, 3D printing facilitates more patient-specific interventions, including surgical planning and implant design. Additionally, 3D bioprinting technology plays an integral role in the advancement of tissue engineering and biomedical research. As 3D printing continues to become more sophisticated, it is likely to have a great influence on healthcare in the future.
Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth.

Abstract Background Tamsulosin, an α1A-adrenergic receptor inhibitor, is prescribed to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia in men >60 years of age, the same demographic most susceptible to abdominal aortic aneurysm. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of tamsulosin on abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Methods Abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in WT C57BL/6 male mice (n = 9-18/group), using an established topical elastase abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Osmotic pumps were implanted in mice 5 days before operation to create the model, administering either low dose (0.125 µg/day tamsulosin), high dose (0.250µg/day tamsulosin), or vehicle treatments with and without topical application of elastase. Blood pressures were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 0, 3, 7, and 14. On postoperative day 14, aortic diameter was measured before harvest. Sample aortas were prepared for histology and cytokine analysis. Results Measurements of systolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Mice treated with the low dose of tamsulosin and with the high dose of tamsulosin showed decreased aortic diameter compared with vehicle-treated control (93% ± 24 versus 94% ± 30 versus 132% ± 24, respectively; P = .0003, P = .0003). Cytokine analysis demonstrated downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both treatment groups compared with the control (P Conclusion Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation with increased preservation of elastin and decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism by which tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
Retrieving the Primal Ethos of Life: (Bio)Ethics in the Love of Being

Such moral questions are obviously not uniquely abstract, but must be applied in the world. What does the metaxological rethinking of the community and goodness imply for discussions in bioethics? Roberto Dell’Oro argues that contemporary bioethics would benefit from a metaxological reappreciation of the goodness of being, and especially the value of givenness.
High fidelity simulation and validation of crossflow through a tube bundle and the onset of vibration

Abstract Flow induced vibrations can be detrimental to all manner of engineering applications with fluid flow. Heat exchangers with bundles of thin tubes experiencing a crossflow are especially susceptible to the unexpected onset of vibration. Heat-exchanger design necessarily involves extensive modeling and testing to ensure that significant vibrations cannot develop for any expected flow conditions. A properly validated numerical simulation can work in conjunction with physical experiments to identify problematic vibrations and allow for rapid iteration of design at relatively low expense. A high-fidelity fluid–structure interaction code has been developed by fully coupling CFD LES/DNS code Nek5000 and CSM code Diablo. The coupled code is used to simulate crossflow through a tube bundle in a geometry recreated after a physical experiment. Validation against this experiment involves comparing the amplitude and frequency spectrum for three different flow velocities. The velocities compared straddle the onset of large magnitude vibrations. The simulation accurately captures the onset of the vibrations with a marginally lower predicted frequency of vibration. When the onset velocity is compensated for the difference in natural frequency, the simulation results closely match the experiment. The continuous nature of the simulation measurements helps illustrate the fluid mechanics behind the pin motion and reveals the front to back propagation of the vibrations as the fluid velocity increases.
Synthesis and effect of metal–organic frame works on CO2 adsorption capacity at various pressures: A contemplating review:

The most important environmental challenge that the world is facing today is the control of the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere, because it causes global warming. Increase in the global temperatu...
Photoinduced charge flow inside an iron porphyrazine complex

Tracking inorganic photochemistry with high resolution poses considerable challenges. Here, sub-picosecond electronic and structural motions and MLCT/d–d intersystem crossing in a cationic iron-porphyrazine are probed using ultrafast transient absorption, stimulated Raman spectroscopy, and quantum calculations. By delineating photoinduced energy relaxation, strategies for extending the lifetime of MLCT state are discussed.
The Impact of Chronic Liver Disease on Postoperative Outcomes and Resource Utilization.

BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality in individuals with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, analyses from comparisons with individuals without CLD are not available. Such analyses might provide opportunities to improve outcomes. METHODS Data from The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed comparing CLD patients undergoing non-liver surgery propensity matched to those without CLD. Patients with CLD were stratified by Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores <15 and ≥15. Primary outcome was all cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were composite and individual morbidity, hospital length of stay, readmission, reoperation, and discharge destination. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated, and length of hospital stay was estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS There were 6,209 patients with CLD (4,013 with low MELD, 2,196 with high MELD) matched to 18,627 patients without. Patients with CLD had 1.8- and 3.3-times higher odds of mortality (95% CI 1.6-2.1 for Low MELD (10.6%), 2.9-3.8 for high MELD (35.2%), and 1.8- and 2.2-times higher odds of any morbidity (1.6-1.9 and 1.9-2.4). Complications specific to CLD were increased based on MELD specifically coma (OR 1.6, 0.9-2.9 for Low MELD, 2.2, 1.5-3.2 for High MELD), renal failure (OR 1.4, 1.1-1.8 and 2.4, 2.0-2.9), and bleeding (OR 1.7, 1.5-1.9 and 2.0, 1.8-2.3). They also had a 20% and 80% longer length of stay, 2.2- and 3.4-times higher odds of being discharged somewhere other than home, 1.7- and 1.6-times higher odds of readmission, and 1.5- and 1.6-times higher odds of reoperation. CONCLUSION Patients with CLD have significantly higher odds of mortality and morbidity, which is increased with a higher MELD. Interventions that decrease those morbidities are needed and have the potential to decrease mortality and resource utilization.
Negrismo y feminismo en la poesía de Excilia Saldaña

El movimiento poetico conocido como Negrismo fue muy importante en la literatura cubana en la primera parte del siglo XX. Dominado principalmente por hombres, la mujer negra se asocio generalmente con una imagen erotica. En la segunda mitad del siglo, un grupo de escritoras afrocubanas crean una poesia nueva e intima basada en sus experiencias personales. En su poesia, Excilia Saldana descubre su experiencia personal y transforma la vision de la mujer negra cubana, fragmentando la imagen creada por sus antecesores. Su poesia es una contribucion importante a la creacion y la consolidacion de una tradicion de escritoras y artistas afrohispanas.
(Re)Producing the Past Online: Oral History and Social Media–Based Discourse on Cambodian Performing Arts in the Aftermath of Genocide

Current expressions of Cambodian classical musical theater are framed in reaction to the 1970s civil war and genocide, through a postcolonial lens, and in praise of an idealized past. With the rise of an online display of audiovisual archives, organizations as well as individuals, in Cambodia and abroad, gained the ability to contribute to the remembrance and preservation of performing arts through the Internet. Such tools facilitate reformulations of the past to support present-day social and political needs. Considering initiatives ranging from web-based data collections to social media sites, this chapter questions the processes and intentionality with which people rely on the online representation of performing arts to actively engage with the past of Cambodia and advocate for today’s representation of cultural identity and capital.
Metal cluster hydrodesulfurization catalysts based on ternary molybdenum sulfides

Pretreatment of a new reduced lanthanum molybdenum sulfide hydrodesulfurization catalysts in flowing H2 has been investigated. Following pretreatment at 800°C the catalyst surface area decreased fi'om 175 m^/g to 13 m^/g. A similar trend in the reduction of surface area fi'om 40 mVg to 12 m^/gm was observed following hydrodesulfurization of thiophene at 400°C. The loss in surface area was accompanied by an increase in the average pore diameter due to the loss of pores with diameters less than lOOA. XPS and TPR were used to examine * Department of Chemical Engineering ** Ames Laboratory Department of Chemistiy