cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation in vitro of vitellogenin uptake by the oocytes of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti

A blood meal stimulates the ovaries of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, to internalize vitellogenin from the haemolymph for storage as yolk. The nature of the stimulation is biphasic, with a pulsed factor from the head released within the first 5 min of feeding stimulating the first phase of uptake, and the continuous release of another head factor initiating the second phase. Using an in vitro assay of [35S]-vitellogenin uptake by ovaries, we sought to determine the intracellular signalling pathways utilized by the ovaries during stimulation of both phases of uptake. The adenylate cyclase activators forskolin and ethanol produced a statistically significant increase in rate of uptake in previtellogenic ovaries to levels characteristic of first-phase activated ovaries. Forskolin also induced the second phase of uptake in ovaries that had been arrested in the first phase of uptake by decapitation of the mosquito within 5 min of ingesting blood. Initiation and up-regulation of the rate of vitellogenin uptake does not depend on new protein synthesis.
Postexercise recovery of skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and AMP-activated protein kinase

Previous studies have demonstrated that oxygen consumption and fat oxidation remain elevated in the postexercise period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor...
A Digital Television System for a Satellite-borne Ultra-violet Photometer†

Publisher Summary During the past few years, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory has been developing, with the assistance of Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc., and Westinghouse Electric Corporation, a digital television system for astronomical photometry as one of the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) experiments. The purpose of the experiment (“Celoscope”) is to measure the brightness and positions of stars, and nebulosity within four ultra-violet spectral ranges. The OAO spacecraft provides power, a stable platform, precise pointing capability, proper thermal environment, data transmission, data storage, and a command system for the experiments. Digital video transmission has a tremendous advantage over analog or conventional television systems in space applications. The main reason for the adoption of a digital transmission system as the prime mode of operation is its accuracy in data transmission; an almost negligible error rate of or less, is achieved easily when the signal-to-noise ratio is as low as 16 dB. The use of the Uvicon and digital television systems created a new problem of cross-over. This problem was solved, however, by using certain protective techniques. A Figure in the chapter gives examples of Celescope digital television pictures in the three different modes of operation.
A new approach in LTE-A downlink power and transport block management

In this paper, we present a new approach that seeks reducing the downlink TBS-index by the LTE-A eNodeB. Our objective is to minimize the total transmitted power based on getting the benefit from available but unused PRBs, while considering the QoS for the UEs and mitigating the interference from adjecent eNodeBs. Most previous studies have not assigned the residual PRBs in the eNodeB to change the MCS order in the context of TB. Also, they have not considered the TBS-index as a constraint. In this paper, we formulate a new downlink assignment problem that takes the TBS-index into account, where the PRBs are selected for each TB based on the total available but unused PRPs and the CQI of each UE. Controlling the TBS-index while increasing the number of PRBs will have an effect on the MCS order, hence reducing the transmitted power with respect to the positions of UEs. The TB corresponding to using one MCS and one CC is implemented to enhance the throughput of a generic system with the SISO mode and the infinite buffer traffic type. The proposed approach consists of two aspects: (1) exploiting the residual PRBs among multiple UEs to reduce the TBS-index, (2) finding the optimal power allocation for each UE regarding the optimal MCS, relating to the required throughput, as well as the current channel state information of each UE. The proposed approach is implemented with a greedy algorithm. A set of comprehensive simulations is conducted. It is shown that our approach has made several improvements to the conventional approaches.
To Infection and Beyond: The Multi-Pronged Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Oncolytic Viruses

Over the past 1-2 decades we have witnessed a resurgence of efforts to therapeutically exploit the attributes of lytic viruses to infect and kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. We now appreciate that the utility of viruses for treating cancer extends far beyond lytic cell death. Viruses are also capable of eliciting humoral and cellular innate and adaptive immune responses that may be directed not only at virus-infected cells but also at uninfected cancer cells. Here we review our current understanding of this bystander effect, and divide the mechanisms into lytic, cytokine, innate cellular, and adaptive phases. Knowing the key pathways and molecular players during virus infection in the context of the cancer microenvironment will be critical to devise strategies to maximize the therapeutic effects of oncolytic viroimmunotherapy.
What Is a Disaster? An Economic Point of View

This chapter focuses on the economic consequences of a disaster and discusses the definition of the “economic cost” of a disaster. It stresses that a natural disaster is not a natural event, but the combination of a natural hazard (e.g., a hurricane) with a human system that is exposed to it and suffers from damages and perturbations. It reviews concepts such as direct and indirect losses, market and non-market losses, and consumption and output losses. The chapter also describes some of the most important mechanisms that determine the economic consequences of a disaster, such as the response of prices or the propagation of impacts through supply chains. It reviews the various tools that have been developed to measure and assess output losses from disasters, covering econometric analyses, input-output and computable general equilibrium models. It concludes with a definition of economic resilience and stresses the fact that reducing disaster welfare impacts can be done by reducing direct losses or by building resilience.
'Missionary Redemption', Slavery and the Emergence of 'Atlantic Citizens' in the Bight of Biafra in the 19th Century

After the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, new forms of human trafficking and slave labor emerged on the Biafran coast between the 1820s and 1890s. In what became known as missionary redemption, various European and African missionaries manumitted slaves in the coastal ports of Calabar and Bonny, and loaned them out as indentured servants in German Cameroon, Spanish Fernando Po, and the British-controlled free territory of Sierra-Leone. This research paper defines these Africans as Atlantic citizens, because they forged new identities beyond ethnic affiliations and colonial boundaries by migrating between British, German, and Spanish colonial territories, exploiting the ill-defined British legal system, the political conflicts between British and German colonists, and the divergent moral visions of Christian missionaries. Relying on the case studies of Peter Nicoll and Daniel Hedd, for whom documented evidence is rich, the paper argues that through resistance migration and legal petitions, Atlantic citizens subverted colonial efforts to redirect indigenous slave labor to cash crop production in the coastal ports of Calabar and Bonny in the late 19th century, and played a major role in bringing about emancipation within the continent. Moreover, by transferring their families from Calabar to Sierra Leone and Cameroon, and through practices such as wealth repatriation, Atlantic citizens forged linkages between their homelands and their diaspora settlements. Lastly, they challenged the trading monopoly of various European merchants, by creating a niche for themselves in the import and export trading economy of the Bight of Biafra. Through the movements of people and goods, Atlantic citizens elided emerging European hierarchies of power in 19th century West Africa.
Disparity of SED Recovery: Community Initiatives to Enhance a System of Care Mental Health Transformation

How do youth from various community groups designated as having a serious emotional disturbance (SED) recover over time? We conducted an evaluation of a Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration System of Care grant initiative for Monroe County, New York, to answer this and other questions. We looked at outcome differences over time using the Behavioral and Emotional Ratings Scale’s (2nd ed.) overall strength scores among youth living in four geographical places at the start of services: high-income urban, low-income urban, suburban, and rural. Minorities (be they nonwhite or white) within each group, except suburban, had the higher probability of being designated as having SED. We found recovery disparities among white urban youth and their nonurban counterparts, and among nonwhite suburban and high-income urban youth and their low-income urban and rural counterparts. Applied implications include the following: (a) Continue the restructuring of mental health and juvenile justice agencies ...
Performance Improvement in Health Care — Seizing the Moment

The Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health System believes the government should facilitate communities' efforts to improve care for patients with multiple chronic conditions, through improved primary care, payment reform, and better information.
Tropomyosin Dynamics during Cardiac Thin Filament Activation as Governed by a Multi-Well Energy Landscape

The thin filament of cardiac muscle is composed of multi-subunits of machinery proteins, namely; actin, myosin, tropomyosin (Tm), and the troponin complex. Contraction depends upon highly nonlinear dynamical processes that rely on interactions between these components. During the thin filament activation process, Tm slides over the surface of actin filament. Its dynamics governs access of myosin head (S1) to binding sites on actin and, hence, it plays an important role in muscle contraction.Currently, there are two debating hypothetical mechanisms (sliding vs. rolling) proposed to describe Tm motions on actin's surface. In both scenarios, Tm undergoes distinct movements to uncover the S1-binding sites. These motions are characterized by three equilibrium positions, namely; the blocked position “B” (binding sites are blocked), closed position “C” (weak binding is permissible), and the open position “M” (strong binding of S1). Although, the three-state-model describes the final Tm's regulatory states, however, still the actual intrinsic mechanism by which Tm oscillates between these states are not yet fully understood.In this study, we propose a novel mathematical model that can explain Tm motions on actin's surface using principles from nonlinear dynamical systems, energy landscape, and chaotic theory. Tm oscillations between the three observed equilibrium states (B-C-M) are modelled using an energy potential with multiple wells. Each well is hypothesized to mimic one of the regulatory positions proposed by the three-state-model. The Jacobian and Lyapunov methods are then used to study the system's local and global stability. A bifurcation analysis using Melinkov function is used to find conditions (parameter values) that signify Tm transitions from simple harmonic oscillation to chaotic behaviors. Results demonstrate that Tm's dynamical motions on the surface of actin filament may exhibit periodic, aperiodic, and chaotic behaviors during muscle contraction.
Responses to sprint exercise in the greyhound: effects on haematology, serum biochemistry and muscle metabolites.

To investigate the haematological, biochemical and metabolic response of greyhounds to sprint exercise, five greyhound dogs with previously placed carotid arterial catheters were sprinted over a distance of 400 m, chasing a lure. The time to complete the 400 m ranged from 25 to 27 seconds. Before exercise and at intervals for up to one hour after exercise, arterial blood samples were collected for haematology, serum biochemistry, plasma lactate and arterial blood gas measurements. Muscle samples for metabolite measurements were collected by needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. Red cell indices were increased for up to 20 minutes after exercise and there was a transient leucocytosis and neutrophilia. Serum biochemical changes reflected some fluid movement from the vascular compartment, there being increases in osmolality and total protein. Other changes included significant increases over resting control values for serum glucose, creatinine and potassium. The tension of oxygen in arterial blood was increased after exercise, while that of carbon dioxide fell, and there was a decrease in arterial pH. These changes were no longer significant by 30 minutes after exercise. The mean rectal temperature increased to 41°C after exercise and remained elevated up to and including the 30 minutes after exercise measurement. No changes were found in muscle atp or glycogen from before to after exercise. However, concentrations of muscle glucose and glucose-6-phosphate were increased immediately after exercise. Muscle and plasma lactate concentrations showed a similar time course for disappearance and after peaking at 27 mmol litre−1, five minutes after exercise, the plasma lactate returned towards pre-exercise values by 30 minutes after exercise.
The Influence of Various Factors on Crowd Behavior

This chapter presents a number of experiments performed in Crowd-Z (CZ). The objective is to investigate the influence of various factors on the collective behavior of the crowd. These factors include: the type of metric & neighborhood, agents’ perkiness and type of tessellation. The robustness of models based on different tessellations are examined by grid rotation. Three platonic tessellations, that is: hexagonal, triangular and square are compared. Two experiments based on the literature are presented: 1. The egress of 200 agents from a square room (SRE) in grid rotated by: \(0^{\circ }\), \(15^{\circ }\), \(30^{\circ }\), and \(45^{\circ }\). 2. The one-directional flow (ODF) in grid rotated by: \(15^{\circ }\), \(18.434\ldots ^{\circ }\), \(26.565\ldots ^{\circ }\), \(30^{\circ }\), and \(45^{\circ }\).
Effect of deposition method on the RCF performance of CrxN thin film ball coatings

Abstract Cr x N thin films are of interest due to their wear and corrosion-resistant attributes. However, the tribological and functional performance of these coatings greatly depends upon their material properties and deposition processes. In this study, the tribological and functional performance of Cr x N coatings on AISI 52100 spherical rolling elements were evaluated. Two types of deposition processes were used to apply the coatings: a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system (CFUMS) and an ion beam assisted e-beam deposition (IBAD) system. Whereas the mechanical and compositional properties of the coatings obtained from the two deposition processes were found to be similar, the topographical and microstructural properties of the coatings differed. The tribological performance of the coated specimens was evaluated under boundary layer lubrication in a rolling (three ball-on-rod) contact tribometer, and the functional performance of these coatings on spherical rolling elements was examined in thrust ball bearings. The L 5 0 fatigue life of M50 rods paired with IBAD-coated balls was four times greater than that obtained with the 52100 balls. Significantly, the L 5 0 fatigue life of the M50 rods paired with the IBAD-coated balls was comparable to the fatigue life of M50 rods when paired with high-quality ceramic (Si 3 N 4 ) balls. Finally, bearings with IBAD-coated balls were observed to operate with lower torque than those with CFUMS-coated balls.
A cast never on stage before: revolution, utopia and social critique in David Caute’s Comrade Jacob and Caryl Churchill’s Light Shining in Buckinghamshire

AbstractThis essay shows how David Caute’s historical novel Comrade Jacob (1961) and Caryl Churchill’s play Light Shining in Buckinghamshire (produced by the Joint Stock Company in 1976) participate in the ‘reinvention of the question of Utopia’ (Jameson) through a rediscovery of the political, social and religious ideals of Winstanley and the Diggers in the seventeenth century. Reframing the question of utopia in terms of Jacques Ranciere’s notion of the redistribution of the sensible, the essay focuses on the specific formal strategies through which Caute and Churchill intimate the vision of a malleable world, open to the emergence of a collective identity, the redistribution of property and the reconfiguration of meanings.
NONCLASSICAL MEMORY PATHS IN THE DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL EXCITATIONS

Abstract The synthesis of constitutive equations for hereditary materials is very much a function of the definition of memory. In classical formulations of mathematical models, the response of hereditary materials to external excitation, memory has usually been defined with respect to Newtonian time. More recently, however, different classes of memory paths have been discovered which do not involve Newtonian time at all. The paper will discuss such classes of memories and how they implicitly determine the nature of the response of materials. Applications of these ideas to specific materials such as metals, soils and polymers are discussed at some length. Some other physical systems are also discussed but in the context of lesser specificity.
Anomalous Annealing Response of Directed Energy Deposited Type 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Directed energy deposited (DED) and forged austenitic stainless steels possess dissimilar microstructures but can exhibit similar mechanical properties. In this study, annealing was used to evolve the microstructure of both conventional wrought and DED type 304L austenitic stainless steels, and significant differences were observed. In particular, the density of geometrically necessary dislocations and hardness were used to probe the evolution of the microstructure and properties. Forged type 304L exhibited the expected decrease in measured dislocation density and hardness as a function of annealing temperature. The more complex microstructure–property relationship observed in the DED type 304L material is attributed to compositional heterogeneities in the solidification microstructure.
Synthesis and characterization of an amethyrin-uranyl complex displaying aromatic character

AbstractThe reaction between amethyrin and non-aqueous uranyl silylamide (UO2[N(SiMe3)2]2) under anaerobic conditions affords a bench-stable uranyl complex. UV–vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, as well as proton NMR spectroscopic analyses provide support for the conclusion that all six pyrrole subunits participate in coordination of the uranyl dication and that, upon complexation, the amethyrin-core undergoes a 2-electron oxidation to yield a formal 22 π-electron aromatic species.
Gravitation-enabled Forward Acceleration during Flap-bounding Flight in Birds

Flap-bounding, a form of intermittent flight, is often exhibited by small birds over their entire range of flight speeds. Its purpose is unclear during low to medium speed (2 m·s−1–8 m·s−1) flight: aerodynamic models suggest continuous flapping would require less power output and lower cost of transport. To explore its functional significance at low speeds, we measured body trajectory and kinematics of wings and tail of two zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during flights between two perches in a laboratory. The flights consisted of three phases: initial, descending and ascending. Zebra finch first accelerated using continuous flapping, then descended, featuring intermittent bounds. The flight was completed by ascending using nearly-continuous flapping. When exiting bounds in descending phase, they achieved higher velocity than that of pre-bound forward by swinging their body forward similar to pendular motion with conserved mechanical energy. We recorded takeoffs of three black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in the wild and also found similar kinematics. Our modeling of power output indicated finch achieved higher velocity (13%) with lower cost of transport (9%) when descending, compared with continuous flapping in previously studied pigeons. Flap-bounding could be useful for unmanned aerial vehicle design by mimicking descending flight to achieve rapid take-off and transition to forward flight.
Total Variation Electrocardiogram Filtering

We examine the performance of Total Variation (TV) smoothing for processing of noisy Electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded by an ambulatory device. The TV smoothing is compared with traditionally-used band-pass filtering using ECG with artificially added noise, as well as with real-world noise obtained during physiological monitoring. The fundamental difference between TV smoothing and traditional band-pass filtering is that TV smoothing allow preserving sharp slopes in the ECG, while traditional smoothing dampens them. Since the QRS complex represents a feature with steep slopes, the TV smoothing is a better choice ECG filtering. We found that TV smoothing outperforms traditional filtering on ECG signals recorded under different conditions and can be used as effective filtering tool in popular QRS detection algorithms.
Natural Resources: A Catalyst for Conflict and Peace?

In this chapter, Beevers examines the rise of environmental security in the larger international security discourse and highlights how the perceptions of security threats changed in the 1990s, giving rise to a focus on natural resources and armed conflict. Beevers reviews the scholarship linking natural resources to armed conflict including the idea that civil conflicts in the post-Cold War era were triggered by the looting of the so-called conflict resources or the consequence of the “resource curse.” The chapter reviews how these interpretations influenced how peacebuilders came to understand the ways in which natural resources can help build peace and shaped interventions to reform resource governance after armed conflicts end.
PSA AND STAGING OF LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER

SUMMARY Numerous studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between serum PSA and tumor volume. However, because of a substantial overlap between serum PSA concentrations and advancing clinical and pathologic stages, serum PSA has been found to be unreliable for predicting the final pathologic stage in an individual patient. Nevertheless, by combining various other preoperative measures such as clinical stage, biopsy grade, or both, several investigators have determined that the predictive power of serum PSA for pathologic stage can be significantly enhanced. Explanations for the failure of the serum PSA concentration alone to be useful in predicting final pathologic stage include the unpredictable contribution from the BPH component of the gland and the decreasing production of serum PSA by highergrade lesions with increasing tumor volume.
Homology Among Oncogenes

At the heart of current research in cancer is the finding that genes whose products are directly implicated in oncogenesis have counterparts in normal cells (Bishop 1983; Hunter 1984). Such cancer genes, termed oncogenes, were first garnered via the agency of retroviruses, since they constitute an integral part of the genomes of several acutely transforming retroviruses (Bishop and Varmus 1982). The first viral oncogene identified was src, the transforming gene of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (Stehelin et al. 1976). The genome of RSV contained src sequences in addition to the genes required for replication and virion formation. However, all other acutely transforming retroviruses identified to date are unable to support their replication, because transforming sequences are acquired at the expense of viral genes whose products are essential for propagation. Consequently all acutely transforming retroviruses are defective for replication (Bishop and Varmus 1982; Verma 1983).
Acute intestinal ischaemia from a portal vein thrombosis in a young female smoker on an oral contraceptive.

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with bloody diarrhoea and multiple syncopal events. While the initial diagnosis clinically appeared to be inflammatory bowel disease, she was found to have a portal vein thrombosis (PVT) on MR cholangiopancreatography and acute intestinal ischaemia on colonic biopsy. The aetiology of this patient’s PVT is attributed to her acquired prothrombotic state from an estrogen-containing contraceptive pill in conjunction with regular tobacco use. Extensive mesenteric venous thrombosis from an acute PVT has been shown to cause intestinal ischaemia, likely from venous obstruction and reflexive arterial constriction; however, the diagnosis is often delayed until surgery or autopsy. Our case report highlights this patient’s clinical presentation, workup and treatment, as part of a review for the risk factors and guidelines recommendations for management of an acute PVT.
Consent for Intimacy Among Persons With Neurocognitive Impairment

The right to bodily self-determination has a firm foothold in American jurisprudence and legislation. Since the early 20th century, courts have consistently upheld individuals9 rights to govern their bodies, citing the constitutional right to privacy and importance of individual autonomy. After these decisions, the advance directive has become an essential way to express personal preferences after incapacity for decision-making, especially in end-of-life scenarios. Can sexual preferences survive cognitive incapacity as well? When individuals lose the capacity to voice sexual needs and preferences, there is no mechanism to protect sexual expression. Dementia9s ability to render individuals legally incapable of consenting to sexual activity was the focus of the case of Iowa legislator Henry Rayhons. The state charged Mr. Rayhons with assault for alleged sexual interactions with his wife, who had Alzheimer9s disease. The prosecution failed to prove its case. We propose a hypothetical sexual advance directive as a theoretical mechanism to assert sexual desire past incapacity, grounded in claims regarding the possible importance of sex for individuals with neurocognitive disorders. Forensic psychiatrists can play a unique role in the creation and implementation of such a tool.
Building momentum for sustainable behaviors in developing regions using Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy principles

Abstract Despite the current threat from climate change, plastic collecting in the world's oceans, and the steady loss of biodiversity, the world continually fails to take action with regard to our rapidly changing ecosystem. Unfortunately, waiting on governments to act is no longer a viable option. Rapid change is needed and the pace of diplomacy is simply too slow. Democratic governments are reactionary and taking action to solve future problems is not a priority, even as the threat of potential ecological catastrophe draws ever closer. Change is in the hands of individuals, and it is our decisions and behaviors that will influence the future of our planet and our ability to inhabit it. Therefore, building momentum for sustainable behavior must begin with individuals. The neoliberal approach to environmental protection posits that individuals are motivated by rational self-interest, and that economic incentives are necessary to achieve environmental goals. However, recent research suggests that monetary gain alone actually negatively impacts behavior, and often neglects the rural poor. As a result, models for projects designed to benefit the environment need more than just a monetary incentive, they must incorporate all three pillars of sustainability: environment, economy and society. One approach for building momentum for sustainable behavior with regard to municipal solid waste management, particularly in the developing world, is by implementing Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy (LMDCE) principles. This contribution will describe the role behavioral economics plays in the choices made by producers and consumers. The results of a case study on applying LMDCE principles in Uganda to manage waste plastic accumulation by conversion to fuel oil will be presented.
Simulating a disaster: Preparing responders in India

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel modality created by our team to teach disaster preparedness consisting of tabletop drills and disaster simulation. Based on the Incident Command System (ICS) framework, our system prepares medical providers to respond independently to country-level disasters. Background: Disaster response remains an important component of emergency preparedness internationally. To this end, the ICS provides a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response. Methods: A 2-day workshop was conducted with medical providers in Bangalore, India, that used serial disaster simulations to improve disaster response using the ICS. Through increasing responsibility and self-directed tabletops, the participants (doctors, medical students, nurses, and police) gained the skills to respond independently to a simulated countrywide disaster. After the exercise, they were asked to grade the usefulness of simulation and lectures. Results: Forty-four providers responded to the questionnaire, all of which (n = 44, 100%) recommended the course. They graded the final disaster drill as most useful (n = 36, 82%) and also graded lectures from topic experts as useful (n = 36, 83%). Based on qualitative written feedback, participants felt drills helped them in communication and leadership. Conclusion: This novel teaching modality, using simulation and tabletop drills, is an effective tool to teach the ICS to medical providers. Participants felt that they benefitted from training and would respond better to future disasters. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Systems-based practice, Patient care, Interpersonal and communication skills.
When to Admit to Observation: Predicting Length of Stay for Anticoagulated Elderly Fall Victims.

Abstract Background Geriatric patients who fall while taking an anticoagulant have a small but significant risk of delayed intracranial hemorrhage requiring observation for 24 h. However, the medical complexity associated with geriatric care may necessitate a longer stay in the hospital. Little is known about the factors associated with a successful observational status stay ( Materials and methods Elderly patients who fell while taking an anticoagulant admitted from 2012 to 2017 at an ACS level II trauma center were included in a retrospective cohort study to determine what factors were associated with a stay consistent with observational status. Inclusion criteria: age> 65 y old, negative initial head CT, and one of the following: INR>3.5 if on warfarin, GCS Results The cohort included 369 patients. Factors associated with decreased likelihood of successful observational status included the need for services after discharge such as an extended care facility (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.19, P Conclusions For trauma providers, knowing your patient's medication use and particularly type of anticoagulant, comorbidities including dementia, and likely need for services after discharge will help guide the decision to admit the patient for what may be a reasonably lengthy stay versus a brief observation in the hospital for elderly fall victims on anticoagulation.
Poverty, insurance, and region as predictors of epilepsy treatment among US adults.

Abstract Disparities in epilepsy treatment have previously been reported. In the current study, we examine the role of socioeconomic status, health insurance, place of residence, and sociodemographic characteristics in past-year visit to a neurology or epilepsy provider and current use of antiseizure medications. Multiple years of data were compiled from the National Health Interview Surveys, Sample Adult Epilepsy Modules. The sample (n = 1655) included individuals 18 years and older who have been told by a doctor to have epilepsy or seizures. Independent variables included number of seizures in the past year, health insurance, poverty status, education, region, race/ethnicity, foreign-born status, age, and sex/gender. Two sets of weighted hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated predicting past-year epilepsy visit and current medication use. Accounting for recent seizure activity and other factors, uninsured and people residing outside of the Northeast were less likely to see an epilepsy provider, and people living in poverty were less likely to use medications, relative to their comparison groups. However, no racial/ethnic and nativity-based differences in specialty service or medication use were observed. Further research, including longitudinal studies of care trajectories and outcomes, are warranted to better understand healthcare needs of people with epilepsy, in particular treatment-resistant seizures, and to develop appropriate interventions at the policy, public health, and health system levels.
“In Order for You to Love Something, You Need to Have Memories”: Exploring Feelings of Being In and Out of Place in Vancouver, BC

This article focuses on gay refugees’ narratives of place in Vancouver, British Columbia. Through gay refugees' oral histories and participatory photography, I explore their experiences of feeling “in place” or “out of place” in the Vancouver cityscape, specifically the historic centre of Vancouver’s lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) community known as Davie Village. I interrogate how they navigate feeling both in and out of place simultaneously. Their narratives and photographs provide perspective on the possibilities and constraints that come from being in a particular place (Davie Village), here exemplified by Vancouver’s legacy of settler colonialism, multiculturalism, heteronormativity, and neoliberalism. This perspective facilitates critique of the political, economic, and social systems surrounding queer spaces in Vancouver and offers much-needed insight into the intersections of race and sexuality as they apply to research on place-making and belonging for LGBT refugees.
Risk factors for delayed graft function and their impact on graft outcomes in live donor kidney transplantation.

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a manifestation of acute kidney injury uniquely framed within the transplant process and a predictor of poor long-term graft function1. It is less common in the setting of living donor (LD) kidney transplantation. However, the detrimental impact of DGF on graft survival is more pronounced in LD2. To study the effects of DGF in the setting of LD kidney transplantation. We performed a retrospective analysis of LD kidney transplantations performed between 2010 and 2018 in the UNOS/OPTN database for DGF and its effect on graft survival. A total of 42,736 LD recipients were identified, of whom 1115 (2.6%) developed DGF. Recipient dialysis status, male gender, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, donor age, right donor nephrectomy, panel reactive antibodies, HLA mismatch, and cold ischemia time were independent predictors of DGF. Three-year graft survival in patients with and without DGF was 89% and 95%, respectively. DGF was the greatest predictor of graft failure at three years (hazard ratio = 1.766, 95% CI: 1.514–2.059, P = 0.001) and was associated with higher rates of rejection (9% vs. 6.28%, P = 0.0003). Among patients with DGF, the graft survival rates with and without rejection were not different. DGF is a major determinant of poor graft functional outcomes, independent of rejection.
Kingella kingae septic arthritis.

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which patient demographics, clinical presentation, and blood parameters vary in Kingella kingae septic arthritis when compared with those o...
Program management in the socio-humanitarian sphere of the megapolis: aspects of monitoring and evaluation

The article is devoted to the implementation of local programs in the socio-humanitarian sphere in the context of the study of aspects of monitoring and evaluation of programs as an important element in ensuring the effectiveness of public administration in the formation and implementation of local development programs. In particular, the study covers urban and regional programs in the field of physical culture and sports. A thorough analysis of the content of these programs through the prism of public administration in the field of health and physical activity of the population as a separate area of socio-humanitarian policy in the cities of Ukraine (Dnipro, Kharkiv). It is confirmed that the development of health and physical activity of the population of megacities is also influenced by related city programs (in the field of culture, education, medicine, patriotic education, tourism development, etc.), which can act as additional mechanisms in implementing public policy in public health. It is established that programs for the development of physical culture and sports are financed mainly from local budgets. It is determined that the weak point of the program-targeted support of public administration activities in the socio-humanitarian sphere is the direction of monitoring and evaluation of programs, in particular in the field of development of physical culture, physical activity and sports. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to introduce into the existing programs such priority groups of indicators in the direction of health and physical activity of the population as: indicators of financial and economic support; indicators of development of infrastructure of improving motor activity; indicator of statistical accounting. This will help increase the effectiveness of local programs in strengthening the population health of the community through the development of the non-medical sector of the urban economy of Ukrainian cities.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Containing, Titania-Thiol-Ene Composite Photocatalytic Coatings, Emphasizing the Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Transition.

Coatings prepared from titania-thiol-ene compositions were found to be both self-cleaning, as measured by changes in water contact angle, and photocatalytic toward the degradation of an organic dye. Stable titania-thiol-ene dispersions at approximately 2 wt % solids were prepared using a combination of high-shear mixing and sonication in acetone solvent from photocatalytic titania, trisilanol isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) dispersant, and select thiol-ene monomers, i.e., trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPMP), pentaerythritol allyl ether (APE), and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT). The dispersed particle compositions were characterized by DLS and TEM. The synthetic methods employed yield a strongly bound particle/POSS complex, supported by IR, 29Si NMR, and TGA. The factors of spray techniques, carrier solvent volatility, and particle size and size distributions, in combination, likely all contribute to the highly textured but uniform surfaces...
Testability guided BIST technique

In this paper, a novel Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) scheme is presented. It transforms the circuit into an easily testable entity under the guidance of random pattern testability analysis, and subsequently performs pseudo-random test pattern generation and signature analysis. Experiments on ISCAS85 benchmark circuits show that this scheme helps to achieve higher efficiency in random pattern testing.
Abstract P1-11-09: Early discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early stage breast cancer: The BQUAL study

BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer decreases recurrence and increases survival. However, early discontinuation of chemotherapy occurs frequently and has a negative influence on patient outcomes. METHODS The Breast Cancer Quality of Care Study (BQUAL) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate factors associated with early discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy among women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer at three sites in the U.S between 2006 and 2010 (Columbia University Medical Center, Kaiser-Permanente of Northern California, Henry Ford Health System). Chemotherapy regimens were classified based on NCCN guidelines. Regimens were further categorized as standard and non-standard/experimental. Early discontinuation for standard treatments was defined as missing 20% of the recommended number of treatments for the prescribed regimen. We used multivariate analysis to examine the association between early discontinuation and sociodemographic factors, tumor characteristics, and baseline psychosocial factors. RESULTS Of 1157 women recruited, 478 patients initiated chemotherapy; 35 women received non-standard/experimental chemotherapy and an additional 17 did not complete all interviews and were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 426 patients, 59 (13.9%) did not complete the full course of prescribed chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, compared to those who completed their full prescribed course of adjuvant chemotherapy, those who discontinued were more often >50 years of age (p=0.04). Early discontinuation of chemotherapy was less likely among Asian women (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01-0.96), those who held positive beliefs related to the efficacy of chemotherapy (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.81), and those who were more optimistic (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99). Women prescribed chemotherapy regimens that had more cycles (>5 cycles) or contained paclitaxel/docetaxel were significantly more likely (OR 7.54, 95% CI 2.68-21.20 and OR 5.02, 95% CI 1.59-15.83, respectively) to discontinue chemotherapy treatment early than regimens with 6 or less cycles. CONCLUSIONS Women prescribed longer regimens were significantly more likely not to complete the full course. Positive beliefs about the efficacy of treatment were associated with continuation of treatment. Educational interventions focused on the importance of completing therapy may increase chemotherapy adherence. Citation Format: Alfred I Neugut, Grace C Hillyer, Lawrence W Kushi, Lois Lamerato, Jinjoo Shim, Dana H Bovberg, David Nathanson, Christine B Ambrisone, Jeanne S Mandelblatt, Carol Magai, Wei Yann Tsai, Judith S Jacobson, Dawn L Hershman. Early discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early stage breast cancer: The BQUAL study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-09.
Induction of coma in normal dogs by the infusion of aromatic amino acids and its prevention by the addition of branched-chain amino acids.

Various abnormalities in plasma and brain or cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations have been documented in patients and experimental animals in hepatic encephalopathy. To ascertain whether such plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (brain) changes in amino acid concentrations were causally related to "metabolic encephalopathies", of which hepatic coma is one, amino acid infusions were carried out in 14 dogs prepared with bilateral "carotid loops" and permanent lateral ventricle cerebrospinal fluid cannulas. Of various intracarotid infusions performed in such prepared awake animals, neurologic deterioration clinically resembling hepatic encephalopathy and culminating in coma was observed only after the simultaneous infusion of 1% tryptophan and 1% or 1.5% phenylalanine. After this infusion, phenylalanine, tyrosine, octopamine, and phenylethanolamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid were elevated to levels similar to or slightly greater than those observed in spontaneous experimental hepatic encephalopathy. After this infusion, however, cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan concentrations were considerably higher than those seen in spontaneous hepatic coma. Blood ammonia levels and cerebrospinal fluid glutamine remained normal. In a second group of 6 normal dogs, infusion of 1% tryptophan + 1.5% phenylalanine resulted in unresponsive coma. One week later, the experiments were repeated, but with branched-chain amino acids: 0.63% leucine + 0.4% isoleucine + 0.46% valine were added to the infusate, and coma did not result. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the infusate may have prevented coma by competing with the aromatic acids for transport across the blood-brain barrier.
Passive and Active Analysis in DSR-Based Ad Hoc Networks

Security and vulnerabilities in wireless ad hoc networks have been considered at different layers, and many attack strategies have been proposed, including denial of service (DoS) through the intelligent jamming of the most critical packet types of flows in a network. This paper investigates the effectiveness of intelligent jamming in wireless ad hoc networks using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and TCP protocols and introduces an intelligent classifier to facilitate the jamming of such networks. Assuming encrypted packet headers and contents, our classifier is based solely on the observable characteristics of size, inter-arrival timing, and direction and classifies packets with up to 99.4% accuracy in our experiments. Furthermore, we investigate active analysis, which is the combination of a classifier and intelligent jammer to invoke specific responses from a victim network.
Design Considerations for Frequency Responsive Grid Friendly TM Appliances

This paper addresses design considerations for frequency responsive grid friendlytrade appliances (FR-GFAs), which can turn on/off based on frequency signals and make selective low-frequency load shedding possible at appliance level. FR-GFAs can also be treated as spinning reserve to maintain a load-to-generation balance under power system normal operation states. The paper first presents a statistical analysis on the frequency data collected in 2003 in Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) systems. Using these frequency data as an input, the triggering frequency and duration of an FR-GFA device with different frequency setting schemes are simulated. Design considerations of the FR-GFA are then discussed based on simulation results
Water at the poles and in permafrost regions of mars

The poles and mid-latitudes of Mars contain abundant water in ice caps, thick sequences of ice-rich layers, and mantles of snow. The volume of the known reservoir is ≥5 x 106 km3, corresponding to a layer ∼35 m thick over the planet. Hydrogen in subsurface H2O ice has been detected at latitudes poleward of 50°. Morphological features show downslope flow of ice-rich sediment, and recent gullies have been produced from subsurface aquifers or melting snowpacks. Variations in Mars' orbit on timescales of 50,000 to 2,000,000 years produce significant changes in climate, which result in the transport of water from the poles, where it currently resides, to the lower latitudes, where it may play a critical role in surface geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry.
Observation by resonant tunneling of high-energy states in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells.

The current-voltage characteristics of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As-GaAs-${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ As double-barrier devices show, in addition to resonant tunneling via quasibound \ensuremath{\Gamma} states, well-defined structures corresponding to energies higher than the barrier height. These new features are interpreted as resonant tunneling through confined states in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As, at the X point of the Brillouin zone.