cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations

Abstract Aim Glaciation and deglaciation and the accompanying lowering and rising of sea levels during the late Pleistocene are known to have greatly affected land mass configurations in Southeast Asia. The objective of this report is to provide a series of maps that estimate the areas of exposed land in the Indo-Australian region during periods of the Pleistocene when sea levels were below present day levels. Location The maps presented here cover tropical Southeast Asia and Austral-Asia. The east–west coverage extends 8000 km from Australia to Sri Lanka. The north–south coverage extends 5000 km from Taiwan to Australia. Methods Present-day bathymetric depth contours were used to estimate past shore lines and the locations of the major drowned river systems of the Sunda and Sahul shelves. The timing of sea level changes associated with glaciation over the past 250,000 years was taken from multiple sources that, in some cases, account for tectonic uplift and subsidence during the period in question. Results This report provides a series of maps that estimate the areas of exposed land in the Indo-Australian region during periods of 17,000, 150,000 and 250,000 years before present. The ancient shorelines are based on present day depth contours of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 and 120 m. On the maps depicting shorelines at 75, 100 and 120 m below present levels the major Pleistocene river systems of the Sunda and Sahul shelves are depicted. Estimates of the number of major sea level fluctuation events and the duration of time that sea levels were at or below the illustrated level are provided. Main conclusions Previous reconstructions of sea-level change during the Pleistocene have emphasized the maximum lows. The perspective provided here emphasizes that sea levels were at their maximum lows for relatively short periods of time but were at or below intermediate levels (e.g. at or below 40 m below present-day levels) for more than half of each of the time periods considered.
Insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells: a key role for heterotrimeric G proteins revealed by siRNA-mediated Gbeta1 knockdown.

Activation of insulin receptors stimulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Heterotrimeric G proteins appear to modulate some of the cellular responses that are initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases, but the roles of specific G protein subunits in signaling are less clearly defined. We found that insulin treatment of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) activates the R isoform of PI3-K (PI3-KR) and discovered that purified G protein G‚1A2 inhibits PI3-KR enzyme activity. Transfection of BAEC with a duplex siRNA targeting bovine G‚1 leads to a 90% knockdown in G‚1 protein levels, with no effect on expression of other G protein subunits. siRNA-mediated G‚1 knockdown markedly and specifically potentiates insulin-dependent activation of kinase Akt, likely reflecting the removal of the inhibitory effect of G ‚A on PI3-KR activity. Insulin- induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors is unaffected by G‚1 siRNA. By contrast, G‚1 knockdown leads to a significant decrease in the level of serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1. We explored the effects of siRNA on several serine/threonine protein kinases that have been implicated in insulin signaling. G‚1 siRNA significantly attenuates phosphorylation of the 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) in the basal state and following insulin treatment. We also found that IGF-1-initiated activation of Akt is significantly enhanced after siRNA-mediated G ‚1 knockdown, while IGF-1-induced p70S6K activation is markedly suppressed following transfection of G‚1 siRNA. We propose that G‚1 participates in the activation of p70S6K, which in turn promotes the serine phosphorylation and inhibition of IRS-1. Taken together, these studies suggest that G‚1 plays an important role in insulin and IGF-1 signaling in endothelial cells, both by inhibiting the activity of PI3-K R and by stimulating pathways that lead to activation of protein kinase p70S6K and to the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1.
The epidemiology of burns. The cause and control of burns in children.

The following paper is a useful example of the kind of epidemiological data gathering that is essential before effective countermeasures can be devised or deployed for maximal cost benefit. Regardless of the dedication and the methodological sophistication of the investigator, such studies cannot produce widely generalizable findings if they are carried out on patients whose socioeconomic characteristics cannot be precisely defined and whose differences from the total population at risk cannot therefore be specified. Differences in the patterns of utilization of medical services by various socioeconomic levels have long been recognized. Such differences may be less pronounced with respect to childhood accidents than with respect to prenatal care. But, as the author is careful to point out, they are sufficient to prevent generalization--especially since burn accidents involve both environmental hazard and patterns of child-rearing, both of which differ widely with socioeconomic status. The solution of this problem is not a simple one. It involves longitudinal studies, a very high level of detailed case reporting, and continuous monitoring to ensure that the population studied is a representative sample of the population at risk. The author's conclusions about the influence of poverty-related social conditions on the incidence of burns document further the conclusions of investigators who have studied other types of childhood injuries. Language: en
Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups: A Review and Model for Future Research

A great deal of research has focused on work group diversity, but management scholars have only recently focused on inclusion. As a result, the inclusion literature is still under development, with limited agreement on the conceptual underpinnings of this construct. In this article, the authors first use Brewer’s optimal distinctiveness theory to develop a definition of employee inclusion in the work group as involving the satisfaction of the needs of both belongingness and uniqueness. Building on their definition, the authors then present a framework of inclusion. Their framework is subsequently used as a basis for reviewing the inclusion and diversity literature. Potential contextual factors and outcomes associated with inclusion are suggested in order to guide future research.
Extraction and simulation of realistic CMOS faults using inductive fault analysis

FXT is a software tool which implements inductive fault analysis for CMOS circuits. It extracts a comprehensive list of circuit-level faults for any given CMOS circuit and ranks them according to their relative likelihood of occurrence. Five commercial CMOS circuits are analyzed using FXT. Of the extracted faults, approximately 50% can be modeled by single-line stuck-at 0/1 fault model. Faults extracted from two circuits are simulated with the switch-level fault simulator FMOSSIM. The test set provided by the circuits' manufacturer, which detects 100% of the single-line stuck-at 0/1 faults, detected between 73% and 89% of the simulated faults. >
Context-Sensitive Inquiry in Comparative Judicial Research Lessons From the Namibian Judiciary

Research on the behavior of the Namibian judiciary highlights the importance of context-sensitivity in comparative courts research. Drawing from strategic understandings of judicial behavior, the analysis examines the extent to which political influences are affecting the behavior of judges in Namibia. The findings indicate that, for the most part, Namibia's judges have exercised high levels of independence in their decision making. Yet deference to other branches has been apparent among certain expatriate judges who have faced unique vulnerabilities in the Namibian political system. Context sensitivity proved critical to the study, as it enabled more effective operationalization of concepts and generation of variables to test existing theory. Beyond this, such awareness enhanced the ability to interpret the findings about judicial behavior in Namibia and generate new insights to inform inquiry.
Feasibility of a Yoga Intervention for Enhancing the Mental Well-Being and Physical Functioning of Older Adults Living in the Community

This study assessed the feasibility of a yoga intervention to improve the mental and physical well-being of older adults. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 18 older adults living in a low-income housing complex. Utilizing a classical experimental design, the participants were assigned to either a yoga group or a socialization group; both met twice a week for an hour for four weeks. Results showed that although there is inconclusive evidence to demonstrate that the yoga intervention was superior to the socialization group in improving mental and physical health, yoga could provide some benefit for older adults.
Association of dopamine-related gene alleles, smoking behavior and decline in FEV1 in subjects with COPD: Findings from the Lung Health Study

AbstractCigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Specific dopamine related gene alleles have previously been found to be associated with smoking initiation, maintenance and cessation. We investigated the association between specific dopamine related gene alleles and both change in smoking behavior and lung function change over time in individuals with mild-to-moderate COPD. Subjects included a subset of participants in the Lung Health Study (LHS), a smoking intervention study in smokers with mild to moderate COPD. Smoking status was determined and lung function performed at baseline and annually for 5 years. In post-hoc analyses, we assessed the association of the dopamine receptor (DRD2) TaqI A1+ allele (A1A1, A1A2 genotypes) and A1− allele (A2A2 genotype), and the dopamine transporter (DAT) 9R+ allele (9R9R and 9R10R genotypes) and 9R− allele (10R10R genotype) with both changes in smoking status and lung function in a subset of LHS subjects. No signifi...
Dynamic model for predicting survival of mature larvae of Tribolium confusum during facility heat treatments.

Structural heat treatment, a viable alternative to methyl bromide fumigation, involves raising the ambient temperature of food-processing facilities between 50 and 60C by using gas, electric, or steam heaters, and holding these elevated temperatures for 24 h or longer to kill stored- product insects. A dynamic model was developed to predict survival of mature larvae, which is the most heat-tolerant stage of the confused sour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val), at elevated temperatures between 46 and 60C. The model is based on two nonlinear relationships: 1) logarithmic survival of T. confusum mature larvae as a function of time, and 2) logarithmic reduction in larval survival as a function of temperature. The dynamic model was validated with nine inde- pendent data sets collected during actual facility heat treatments conducted on two separate occasions at the Kansas State University pilot sour and feed mills. The rate of increase of temperature over time varied among the nine locations where mature larvae of T. confusum were exposed, and the approx- imate heating rates during the entire heat treatment ranged from 1.1 to 13.2C/h. The absolute deviation in the predicted number of larvae surviving the heat treatment was within 3Ð7% of the actual observed data. Comparison of the absolute deviation in the time taken for equivalent larval survival showed that the model predictions were within 2Ð 6% of the observed data. The dynamic model can be used to predict survival of mature larvae of T. confusum during heat treatments of food-processing facilities based on time-dependent temperature proÞles obtained at any given location.
Feeding the brain and nurturing the mind: Linking nutrition and the gut microbiota to brain development

The human gut contains a microbial community composed of tens of trillions of organisms that normally assemble during the first 2–3 y of postnatal life. We propose that brain development needs to be viewed in the context of the developmental biology of this “microbial organ” and its capacity to metabolize the various diets we consume. We hypothesize that the persistent cognitive abnormalities seen in children with undernutrition are related in part to their persistent gut microbiota immaturity and that specific regions of the brain that normally exhibit persistent juvenile (neotenous) patterns of gene expression, including those critically involved in various higher cognitive functions such as the brain’s default mode network, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of microbiota immaturity in undernourished children. Furthermore, we postulate that understanding the interrelationships between microbiota and brain metabolism in childhood undernutrition could provide insights about responses to injury seen in adults. We discuss approaches that can be used to test these hypotheses, their ramifications for optimizing nutritional recommendations that promote healthy brain development and function, and the potential societal implications of this area of investigation.
STUDIES OF LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF LONG BONES

1. Minimal trauma to the shaft or to the metaphysis of a long bone, with or without interruption of the medullary blood supply, does not produce any definite increase in rate or extent of longitudinal bone growth. 2. Gross trauma, involving a considerable portion of the shaft of a long bone and necessitating extensive repair over a long period of time, does produce epiphyseal stimulation and longitudinal overgrowth. 3. The increased rate of growth continues only during the period of healing. 4. This growth stimulation appears to be secondary to the hyperaemia and increased vascularity of the bone and soft parts following the trauma and during the process of healing. 5. The longitudinal overgrowth which may accompany a fracture occurs regardless of whether or not there is initial shortening as a result of overriding or loss of shaft substance. This observation, together with the fact that overgrowth may also occur after gross trauma without loss of continuity of the shaft of a bone, such as excision of a full-thickness tibial bone graft, is further evidence to support the theory of local hyperaemia as the basic stimulus and that it is not a compensatory phenomenon. 6. Evidence that longitudinal bone growth may occur from the diaphysis or from the cartilage of the callus following fracture of the shaft is not well supported by the data presented. 7. Chronic localized inflammation of the diaphysis, due to an irritant foreign body, may result in marked bone proliferation with increased diameter of the shaft. There is some evidence that under these circumstances localized interstitial longitudinal growth may occur. This possibility is deserving of further investigation.
Projectar uma década - Que coordenadas para o futuro da Medicina Geral e Familiar

The Closing Conference of the 27 National Meeting of General Practice had the reflection of Dr. Maria Jose Ribas, on what is expected to be the general practice and GPs. Answering three questions: "How do we want to be our family doctor in the future" In that context we will work What challenges and changes will be needed in the next decade and probably in the following We traveled by the responses of a child of 7 years and the responses of various family doctors. The fate is the common desire to have a service available, competent, and understand that accompany the individual in their size bio-psycho-social, responding to their needs and desires.
Nil-Hecke Ring and the Singular Locus of X(w)

The most general test for smoothness of Schubert varieties (and rational smoothness as well) has been given by Shrawan Kumar [91]. In this section, we state and prove Kumar’s criteria for smoothness and rational smoothness at T-fixed points. The proof hinges on the relation between the nil-Hecke ring and the formal T character of the ring of functions on the scheme theoretic tangent cone T ev (X w ). We also include Dyer’s proof of Deodhar’s inequality here since it uses the nil-Hecke algebra. We begin by introducing the nil-Hecke ring and fixing notation. The results in this chapter extend to the case where G is an arbitrary Kac—Moody group.
The effects of motivational priming on food portion size behavior

This research relied on regulatory focus theory to explore the extent to which the priming of a consumer’s goals or motivation toward promotion or prevention significantly affects their food portion size behavior. Two different experiments employing randomized post-test only with control group designs were executed. In Study 1, consumers’ motivations were moderately primed; the results supported regulatory focus theory in that a promotion prime led to an increase in food portion size behavior, and a prevention prime caused a decrease in food portion size behavior. In Study 2, consumers’ motivations were primed more subtly. When primed subtly or implicitly, regulatory focus theory was supported only for promotion-oriented consumers.
Library Outreach Near and Far

Abstract The librarians at the Sauls Memorial Library at Piedmont Hospital describe two services they offer to Piedmont Healthcare personnel and patients. Included are the system-wide library outreach program and the Sauls Memorial Library Business Center at the main hospital. These services create good will between patients, employees, and the healthcare system, and are also vital elements in promoting and marketing the library. This article illustrates the steps that were taken to create these services within Piedmont Healthcare's growing system.
Stationary convective instability in a superfluid /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He mixture

The stationary convection instability of a superfluid mixture is considered. The criteria for the instability onset in a superfluid region of the /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He phase diagram and in different limiting cases are obtained. It is shown that in different regions of the phase diagram, depending on the magnitude of the kinetic coefficients, the stationary-instability criterion is similar to that of either the regular binary mixture with abnormal thermal diffusion, to the pure liquid, or to the compressible pure liquid. The stability is also strongly dependent on concentration and temperature, and the critical temperature gradient rises sharply with decreasing temperature and concentration. At very low temperature (below 0.5 K) and concentration (dilute solution) the superfluid solution becomes stable with respect to stationary convection. Asymptotic behavior of the criterion in the vicinity of the lambda line, the tricritical point and for infinitely dilute solutions is also estimated.
The Development of Stropharia Ambigua

In the fall of I9II, the writer's attention was called to an agaric which is very conspicuous in fir woods in the vicinity of Seattle, Washington, during the fall and winter months. Specimens have been collected as late as January 17. For this work the very young stages were collected in the fall of I912. As far as the writer is aware, no study of the development of the genus Stropharia has been published and there appears to be doubt about the taxonomy of this particular species. The earlier literature on the development of the fruiting bodies of the Agaricaceae has been thoroughly reviewed by Atkinson (2), Allen (I), and Beer (3). In I906, Atkinson found that in the early stages in the development of Agaricus campestris there was no differentiation, but a universal veil surrounded the homogeneous mass of hyphae. The first differentiation was the primordium of the hymenium in the form of a deeply stained ring a little above the center of the carpophore and lying some depth under the surface. The gill cavity forms below this hymenium, and the primordium of the pileus is distinguished from that of the stem and marginal veil. Next in the order of development the pileus becomes definitely outlined quite deeply under the surface by taking a deep stain. In the same year, Allen (I) found the development of Hypholoma to be different from that of Agaricus. In Hypholoma the universal veil is present from the beginning, and the first differentiation is a small central area which stains deeply. This differentiates successively into the primordium of the pileus, hymenium, and upper portion of the stem. The gill cavity is formed internally after the formation of the primordium of the hymenium, and the lamellae are formed by the differential growth of the hyphae of the hymenial primordium.
Lecture in Connection with the Edward Teller Medal Award

Let me start by thanking Heinrich Hora for his valuable work on international cooperation and in particular for getting all of us together here. Tonight, we are giving awards to three outstanding men from Russia, the United States and Japan. All this is also a great honor to one man present here who comes from Hungary.
Effect of epidermal growth factor on magnesium homeostasis in BC3H1 myocytes

The acute effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on Mg2+ homeostasis were studied in differentiated BC3H1 myocytes. EGF produced a 48-fold stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into quiescen...
Visual Mismatch Negativity and Its Prospect in Sport Psychology

Oddball paradigm is used usually to elicit visual mismatch negativity(vMMN) in event-related potentials(ERP) studies.It can reflect human temporal automatic processing.Its mechanisms are refractory hypothesis and memory-comparison-based change detection hypothesis.Its studies mainly embodied in memory-dependence issues and attentive processing issues.Presently,there were characteristics in visual oddball studies,including focusing on the sole sensory channel and positive paradigm,reforming experimental paradigm,paying attention to theoretical value,tending to medicine field,etc.The bottleneck was to compile stimuli,and the breakthrough was to perfect paradigm.In the field of sport psychology,the functional significance of the processes underlying the vMMN and application value should be discussed,for example,theoretical exploration,practical application and external expansion.The improved oddball paradigm can be used to solve many sports practice problems.
Urological aspects of cloacal malformations.

AbstractCloacal malformations occur in a spectrum of severity. In general the urethra (sometimes short or absent), vagina (often 2) and rectum converge in the urogenital sinus. Immediate colostomy is necessary. However, after colostomy the urinary tract assumes prime importance because of life-threatening obstruction and/or reflux. I treated 72 patients with complex cloacal malformations, 33 as primary and 39 as secondary cases. In 40 patients there was severe reflux with severe upper tract damage in more than half of the cases: 19 had prior urinary diversions (4 ileal loop, 5 loop ureterostomy and 10 vesicostomy). In nearly all secondary cases a definitive rectal operation had been done but the more life-threatening urinary tract had not been repaired. Some patients had other urological and nonurological malformations.Review of these cases emphasizes several points. Each case should be evaluated early endoscopically and radiographically to guide immediate and later treatment. Rectal reconstruction (now d...
The IBM 2008 GALE Arabic Speech Trranscription System

This paper describes the Arabic broadcast transcription system fielded by IBM in the GALE Phase 3.5 machine translation evaluation. Key advances compared to our Phase 2.5 system include improved discriminative training, the use of Subspace Gaussian Mixture Models (SGMM), neural network acoustic features, variable frame rate decoding, training data partitioning experiments, unpruned n-gram language models and neural network language models. These advances were instrumental in achieving a word error rate of 8.9% on the evaluation test set.
Phases and Phase Changes of Small Systems

Atomic and molecular clusters exhibit a variety of phase-like forms and phase changes that differ from those of bulk matter. It is possible to relate some-but not all-of these to corresponding phases and phase transitions of bulk matter. Clusters are attractive vehicles for studying phases and phase changes because they are susceptible to the analytic and computational methods applicable to small systems, and they allow the study of size dependence, even to quite large systems. Among the properties that distinguish phases and phase changes of small systems are bands of temperature and pressure within which two or more phase-like forms may coexist-not just curves of coexistence. This coexistence is dynamic, like that of chemical isomers coexisting. Moreover clusters may exhibit phase-like forms that do not exist for bulk matter. These properties of existence and coexistence are the consequence of the small differences between the free energies of clusters in different phase-like forms. Theory predicts that the bands of coexistence should have sharp boundaries, due to the disappearance of local stability of each phase-like form, implying that, in the bulk limit, the two branches of the spinodals should have sharp limits of temperature and pressure. A necessary condition that a species of cluster exhibit a particular phase is that such clusters must reside in the corresponding region of configuration and phase space long enough to establish equilibrium-like properties characteristic of that phase.
Surface energies of elemental crystals

The surface energy is a fundamental property of the different facets of a crystal that is crucial to the understanding of various phenomena like surface segregation, roughening, catalytic activity, and the crystal's equilibrium shape. Such surface phenomena are especially important at the nanoscale, where the large surface area to volume ratios lead to properties that are significantly different from the bulk. In this work, we present the largest database of calculated surface energies for elemental crystals to date. This database contains the surface energies of more than 100 polymorphs of about 70 elements, up to a maximum Miller index of two and three for non-cubic and cubic crystals, respectively. Well-known reconstruction schemes are also accounted for. The database is systematically improvable and has been rigorously validated against previous experimental and computational data where available. We will describe the methodology used in constructing the database, and how it can be accessed for further studies and design of materials.
Anisotropic Three-Particle Interactions between Spherical Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in a Polymer Matrix

Spherical nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly grafted with polymer chains have recently been shown to assemble into anisotropic phases like strings and sheets. Here we investigated the underlying basis for anisotropic interactions between polymer-grafted NPs in a polymer matrix by computing via molecular dynamics simulations the potential of mean force (PMF), and its three-body contribution, for a test NP interacting with a NP-dimer along a set of reaction coordinates differing in their orientation with respect to the dimer axis. The polymer-mediated portions of the PMF and of the three-body contribution were both found to be highly repulsive and anisotropic with the degree of repulsion rising with increasing angular deviation from the dimer axis. The anisotropy was shown to arise from the expulsion of polymer grafts from in between the dimer NPs which leads to a gradient in the graft segmental density around the dimer from its contact point to its poles. This effect produces a concomitant gradient in steric re...
The pressure and temperature derivatives of the elastic constants of AgBr AND AgCl

Abstract The ultrasonic pulse-echo method was used to measure the adiabatic elastic constants and their pressure and temperature derivatives for AgBr and AgCl at 300 and 195°K. The explicit temperature dependence of the elastic constants was calculated, and the value for the isothermal bulk modulus was found to be anomalously large. An ultrasonic equation of state was compared with Bridgman's compression data and the effect of the significantly nonlinear pressure dependence of the bulk modulus of AgBr was shown. High and low temperature limiting values of the Gruneisen parameter were calculated from the elastic data and compared with those calculated from available thermodynamic data.
Computational Conversion via Translation Rules for Transforming C++ Code Into UPPAAL’s Automata

Formal methods help in quantifying the functional and nonfunctional requirements that are later used in the verification process for safety assurance in real-time systems. System formalism is a crucial step in terms of exploring system’s behavior and listing the non-functional requirements. In the context of real-time systems, the non-functional requirements refer to the verification properties of the system. Formalism in software development life cycle refines every process, starting from the formalization of system’s requirements, analysis of system’s behavior and exploring its properties, implementation of the problem’s solution under consideration, and verification of safety critical properties. Rule-based expert system helps in inferring unknown on the basis of some known input, that is, knowledge and rule set. Knowledge is comprised of something known by an individual called an expert of that domain. It requires an expert skill set in order to model and verify some system in model checkers like UPPAAL. This research contribution has explored a variation of traffic light system’s case study, modeled the system in UPPAAL model checker, and later verified the safety critical properties of the generated system like safety, liveness, fairness, reachability, and deadlock freeness to cross-check the validity of transformation rule set. This research is focused on providing the rule-based expert system for inferring timed automata (input of UPPAAL model checker) on the basis of fact cum input, that is, C++ code. Structural facts are used along with the transformation rule set to get the timed automata that verify safety properties of selected case studies—multiple variations of a traffic light system.
Photonic Crystal Slab Nanocavities from Bulk Single-Crystal Diamond

We report on the fabrication of high-Q diamond photonic crystal (PC) slab cavities near the optical transition of the NV center. This process, which allows the production of 2D PC slabs directly on bulk diamond, significantly extends the toolbox for controlling light-matter interactions in diamond.
Penalized Spline Estimation in the Partially Linear Model

Abstract Penalized spline estimators have received considerable attention in recent years because of their good finite-sample performance, especially when many regressors are employed. In this paper, we propose a penalized B-spline estimator in the context of the partially linear model and study its asymptotic properties under a two-sequence asymptotics: both the number of knots and the penalty factor vary with the sample size. We establish asymptotic distributions of the estimators of both the parametric and nonparametric components in the model. In addition, as a previous step, we obtain the rate of convergence of the estimator of the regression function in a nonparametric model. The results in this paper contribute to the recent theoretical literature on penalized B-spline estimators by allowing for (i) multivariate covariates, (ii) heteroskedasticity of unknown form, (iii) derivative estimation, and (iv) statistical inference in the semi-linear model, under the two-sequence asymptotics. Our main findings rely on some apparently new technical results for splines that may be of independent interest. We also report results from a small-scale simulation study.
Evaluation of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with FDG positron emission tomography.

Purpose This study compared the effectiveness of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or both for the assessment of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The value of quantifying the standardized uptake values (SUV) to distinguish recurrent neoplasm from inflammatory lesions and normal structures was also evaluated. Methods Forty-three patients with head and neck cancer were examined with F-18 FDG PET at least 4 months after their last course of radiation therapy (mean, 11 months). The SUVs were measured in visually identified regions of abnormally increased activity and were compared with the values in normal mucosa, the base of the tongue, and the hard palate to determine if an optimal cutoff value exists for diagnosing recurrence of malignant lesions. The final diagnosis of recurrence was made based on biopsy or at least 6 months' clinical follow-up. Results FDG PET correctly detected recurrence in 20 of 22 patients who had 45 discrete lesions located in the field of the upper aerodigestive tract. Two false-negative and three false-positive results were identified. The accuracy of FDG PET was 88% (38 of 43 patients), compared with 66% (25 of 38 patients) for CT, MRI, or both. Although there was a significant difference of SUVs (P = 0.0036) between the recurrent lesions and normal structures, the optimal cutoff values were difficult to define. Conclusions Visual analysis of FDG PET is significantly more accurate in the diagnosis of recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck than are CT or MRI. However, single SUV quantification does not significantly enhance efficacy.
Effects of low volume resistance and cardiovascular training on strength and aerobic capacity in unfit men and women: a demonstration of a threshold model.

A threshold model postulates that prescriptively applying the appropriate cardiorespiratory and strength stimulus at a designated threshold of intensity for a brief time results in the targeted adaptations. A randomized control group design was used with 17 unfit males and females (mean age = 37.1 ± 6.5 year) assigned to an exercise group (n = 9) who performed a progressive cardiovascular graded exercise protocol and resistance training twice a week for 12 weeks or a nonexercising control group (n = 8). The intervention included a graded exercise protocol involving a 3-min warm-up, exercising 3–4 min at 70–80% of maximum heart rate, and a 3-min cooldown. Progressive resistance exercise consisted of one set of six repetitions on each of six resistance machines. Results showed that the exercise group increased predicted aerobic capacity by 13.4% (p < 0.05), decreased submaximal rate pressure product by 17.2% (p < 0.05), and increased strength by 34% (p < 0.01). The results support a threshold model and show that time for effective exercise can be substantially reduced.
Flowing Afterglow Studies

The experimental technology of the flowing afterglow technique, including data analysis procedures, has very recently been described in great detail.(1) The present discussion will center on some recent results and their implications for increasing our understanding of ion-neutral reaction processes.
Acid/Base Regulation in Renal Epithelia by H,K-ATPases

The renal H,K-ATPases are integral membrane proteins, located in the renal collecting duct (CD) and other segments of the nephron, that participate in the regulation of proton secretion and cation reabsorption. Together with the apical Na/H exchangers and the H-ATPases, the H,K-ATPases, function as proton secretory mechanisms that are responsible for reclamation of filtered HCO3, regeneration of HCO3 consumed in the oxidation of the products of metabolism, and the generation of new HCO3 in the kidney. This chapter examines the role of H,IC-ATPases in acidbase and volume homeostasis. We discuss the H,K-ATPase holoenzyme structure followed by a review of studies regarding renal H,K-ATPase localization, function, and regulation. Finally, a recent report using a genetic approach to quantify the contribution of two a-subunit isoforms of the H,K-ATPase to acid secretion has confirmed years of pharmacological studies from many laboratories and demonstrates that both isoforms of this enzyme are normally active in the CD.
Antibody-Targeted Liposomes: Specific Cell Binding and Cytotoxicity

In relation to delivering anti-tumour agents, the interaction of antibody-conjugated liposomes with various cell types in vitro has been studied. Targeted liposomes bearing monoclonal anti H2Kk antibody bind in 6–40 fold greater amounts to cells expressing H2Kk than liposomes bearing anti sheep erythrocyte antibody (non-targeted). The difference between targeted and non-targeted liposomes is increased by incubation in serum. Targeted binding is blocked by soluble anti H2Kk, and is partially inhibited by azide and 2-deoxy-d-glucose.
Optimal Cost-Sharing in Weighted Congestion Games

We identify how to share costs locally in weighted congestion games with polynomial cost functions in order to minimize the worst-case price of anarchy (PoA). First, we prove that among all cost-sharing methods that guarantee the existence of pure Nash equilibria, the Shapley value minimizes the worst-case PoA. Second, if the guaranteed existence condition is dropped, then the proportional cost-sharing method minimizes the worst-case PoA over all cost-sharing methods. As a byproduct of our results, we obtain the first PoA analysis of the simple marginal contribution cost-sharing rule, and prove that marginal cost taxes are ineffective for improving equilibria in (atomic) congestion games.
Probleme der Psychodermatologie und ihre Bedeutung für die Praxis

Jeder Wissenschaftler, der sich ein begrenztes Fach als Arbeitsgebiet gewahlt hat, sollte alle paar Jahre (etwa in Abstanden von einem halben Jahrzehnt) einmal innehalten und versuchen, den Stand seines Fachgebietes objektiv zu uberblicken.
Catalysis of Alkyne Oligomerization by Rhenium Carbonyl Halides

Whereas a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the linear oligomerization of acetylenes, very little has been directed toward the elucidation of the mode of addition of alkynes in reactions catalyzed by transition metal complexes.
Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Ser in a Type I Collagen Peptide

Abstract Phosphoproteomics studies have reported phosphorylation at multiple sites within collagen, raising the possibility that these post-translational modifications regulate the physical or biological properties of collagen. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies were carried out on model peptides to establish foundational principles of phosphorylation of Ser residues in collagen. A (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)11 peptide was designed to include a Ser-containing sequence from type I collagen that was reported to be phosphorylated. The physiological kinase involved in collagen phosphorylation is not known. In vitro studies showed that a model kinase ERK1 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1) would phosphorylate Ser within the consensus sequence if the collagen-like peptide is in the denatured state but not in the triple-helical state. The peptide was not a substrate for FAM20C, a kinase present in the secretory pathway, which has been shown to phosphorylate many extracellular matrix proteins. The unfolded single chain (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)11 peptide containing phosphoSer was able to refold to form a stable triple helix but at a reduced folding rate and with a small decrease in thermal stability relative to the nonphosphorylated peptide at neutral pH. These biophysical studies on model peptides provide a basis for investigations into the physiological consequences of collagen phosphorylation and the application of phosphorylation to regulate the properties of collagen biomaterials.
Fabrication and Diffraction Efficiency of a Large-format, Replicated X-Ray Reflection Grating

We present the methodology used to fabricate an X-ray reflection grating and describe a technique for grating replication. Further, we present the experimental procedure and results of a study to measure the diffraction efficiency of a replicated X-ray reflection grating in an extreme off-plane geometry. The blazed grating demonstrates a total diffraction efficiency of ~60% from 0.34 to 1.2 keV at a grazing angle of ~15, with single-order efficiency ranging from ~35% to 65% for energies within the blaze envelope. The diffraction efficiency of the grating measured relative to the reflectivity of the metal coating averages ~90% above 0.34 keV. Data collected as a function of beam position on the grating indicate a relative variation in total efficiency of <1% rms across the grating surface.
Exploiting intra-day patterns for market shock prediction: A machine learning approach

Abstract Discovering hidden patterns under unexpected market shocks is a significant and challenging problem, which continually attracts attention from research communities of mathematics, economics, and data science. Classic financial pricing models present unsatisfactory prediction accuracy when applied to real-world data due to limited capacity in depicting complex market movements. In this paper, we develop a machine learning approach, called ARMA-GARCH-NN, to capture intra-day patterns for stock market shock forecasting. Specifically, we integrate classical financial pricing models with artificial neural networks, with explicitly designed feature selection and cross-validation methods. We conduct empirical studies on high-frequency data of the U.S. stock market for evaluation. Our results provide initial evidence of the predictability of market shocks. Additionally, we confirm the effectiveness of ARMA-GARCH-NN by recognizing patterns in massive stock data without strong assumptions on distribution. Our method can serve as a portable methodology that integrates the advantages of traditional financial models and data-driven methods to reveal hidden patterns in large-scale financial data.
Characterization of Risk Quantification Differences Using Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool

This study’s objective was to identify differences in risk for low energy availability and athletic clearance level by comparing scores on Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment (Triad CRA...
Importance of lotus effect on surface sensing

Superhydrophobic polymer films are a material of interest for aircraft deicing fluids to achieve the selfcleaning lotus effect. Hydrophobic polymer films were obtained by a solvent selective method composed of hydrophilic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) and hydrophilic titania nanoparticles. The addition of titania nanoparticles changed the surface of the thin films from an anisotropic morphology to a spherical isotropic surface due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic repulsion. Irradiation of UV responsive titania nanoparticles retained the same surface morphology. Water contact angle measurements will be completed to determine the hydrophobic nature of the polymer films.
Stress, NPY, and Cardiovascular Diseases

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide with pleiotropic activities mediated by multiple receptors, designated Y1–5. It is mostly known for its actions in the brain leading to potent stimulation of appetite and a role in obesity. Centrally, NPY appears to exert antistress actions and to inhibit anxiolysis, seizures, and endocrine functions. In contrast, in the periphery, NPY is a mediator of chronic stress and is released from sympathetic nerves together with norepinephrine at proportions that vary with different stressors. Cold stress is a powerful stimulus for NPY, which when combined with a hypercaloric diet shifts sympathetic transmission toward NPY. Its actions depend on cell type and NPY receptors. Through Y1 receptors, which predominate in the blood vessels and immune cells, NPY is vasoconstrictive, mitogenic, and induces immunomodulation and platelet activation. The Y1-mediated activities are inhibited by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), an endothelial NPY-converting enzyme that forms NPY(3–36), a potently angiogenic Y2 receptor agonist. Which of these two pathways predominates when NPY is released by stress? When combined with vascular injury, stress upregulates Y1-mediated activities and promotes NPY-mediated restenosis and atherosclerotic-like lesions. Conversely, tissue ischemia upregulates Y2 receptors and DPPIV, which shifts NPY's activity toward angiogenesis, which, consequently, appears to be inhibited by stress. Overall, NPY is a powerful mediator of chronic adaptations to stress (perhaps an ancient hibernation gene) and is an amplifier/modifier of vascular remodeling and immune functions. These activities could play a role in many cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic diseases.
The politics of the COVID-19 pandemic

[ ]nursing is becoming one of the most dangerous jobs in the world Political Will Since the outbreak of COVID-19, pandemic, nurses have garnered attention and generated swift responsiveness and engagement in political and legislative action calling upon hospital systems, local and state officials, including governors, to pressure the President to use the Defense Production Act (DPA) to increase the domestic production of medical supplies and equipment that hospitals, health systems, and all front-line providers so desperately need Even minor public health events can severely affect lower-income countries due to their poor socio-economic conditions (vulnerability) and their weak capacity to respond to crises (resilience) [ ]in a globalized world, countries are suffering indirect consequences from value chain disruptions and lower international demand for goods due to widespread recession
The Paramedian Forehead Flap: A Retrospective Clinical Model for Understanding the Connection Between Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Nerve Pathology and Headaches:

Background:In the later stages of a paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) surgery, the supratrochlear (STN) and branches of the supraorbital nerve (SON) are transected during flap inset above the supraor...
Late Effects of Treatment of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors

Central nervous system tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in childhood. Improvement in treatment approaches have led to a significant increase in survival rates, with over 70% of children now surviving beyond 5 years. As more and more children with CNS tumors have longer survival times, it is important to be aware of the long-term morbidities caused not only by the tumor itself but also by tumor treatment. The most common side effects including poor neurocognition, endocrine dysfunction, neurological and vascular late effects, as well as secondary malignancies, are discussed within this article.