cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BUNDLE BRANCH REENTRANT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

New onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with an increased risk of sudden death. While this is often due to complete heart block (CHB), bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia (BBRVT) can occur. A 69 year old male with
Microphysical Process Comparison of Three Microphysics Parameterization Schemes in the WRF Model for an Idealized Squall-Line Case Study

AbstractThree bulk microphysics schemes with different complexities in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are compared in terms of the individual microphysical process terms of the hydromet...
Single cell analysis of nutrient regulation of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile motility.

Regulation of bacterial motility to maximize nutrient acquisition or minimize exposure to harmful substances plays an important role in microbial proliferation and host colonization. The technical difficulties of performing high-resolution live microscopy on anaerobes have hindered mechanistic studies of motility in Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile. Here, we present a widely applicable protocol for live cell imaging of anaerobic bacteria that has allowed us to characterize C. difficile swimming at the single-cell level. This accessible method for anaerobic live cell microscopy enables inquiry into previously inaccessible aspects of C. difficile physiology and behavior. We present the first report that vegetative C. difficile are capable of regulated motility in the presence of different nutrients. We demonstrate that the epidemic C. difficile strain R20291 exhibits regulated motility in the presence of multiple nutrient sources by modulating its swimming velocity. This is a powerful illustration of the ability of single-cell studies to explain population-wide phenomena such as dispersal through the environment.
Abstract P6-07-04: Mechanosensing calcium channel PIEZO2 accelerates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Despite improvements in therapeutic options, metastatic disease remains incurable with limited treatments especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clinical outcomes in patients with TNBC continue to be worse as compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for TNBC are in urgent need. PIEZO2, which is a transmembrane calcium channel, is known to function as a channel-type mechanosensor in various aspects of mechanotransduction. Recently there have been reports that PIEZO2 may be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of PIEZO2 in breast cancer has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that PIEZO2 plays significant roles in progression of TNBC. Methods: To investigate the role of PIEZO2 in human breast cancer patients, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort, in which there are mRNA expression data from RNA-seq and clinical data, was utilized. PIEZO2 expression level was compared among breast cancer subtypes. Patients’ survival was compared based on PIEZO2 expression in each subtype. We used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) algorithm to evaluate pathways associated with PIEZO2 expression. To further elucidate the mechanisms of PIEZO2 roles, TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231 was utilized for in vitro experiments. PIEZO2 expression was downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. Protein expression was compared by western blot. Results: Breast cancer showed the highest PIEZO2 expression level, among various types of cancers in TCGA. In the breast cancer cohort, PIEZO2 expression level was lower in the TNBC subtype compared to other subtypes (p Citation Format: Eriko Katsuta, Marija Vujcic, Shipra Gandhi, Arthur Beyder, Kazuaki Takabe, Mateusz Opyrchal. Mechanosensing calcium channel PIEZO2 accelerates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-04.
Signal Discrimination and Exploitation of ADS-B Transmission

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) signals are transmissions from aircraft, these broadcasts provide the planes position and pertinent health and safety parameters. The ADS-B signals are constructed as 10 byte messages encoded by pulse-position modulation (PPM). This paper explores current security concerns with ADS-B signals and implements interference attacks against simulated ADS-B signals. A testbed is demonstrated with a software-defined radio (SDR) and GNURadio software is used to generate simulated flight data. This simulated flight data is intentionally corrupted with constructive, destructive, and delayed signals intent on interfering with the ADS-B waveform. The destructive interference attack resulted in the largest degradation of signal reception with an error rate of 20 percent. Considerations of the transmission requirements and output power are reviewed in order to begin to address the security issues demonstrated through these experiments.
Prediction of Elastic Behavior of Human Trabecular Bone Using A DXA Image-Based Deep Learning Model

Inspired by the recent advancement in deep learning (DL) techniques, this study intended to confirm whether DL models could be trained to predict the elastic behavior of trabecular bone, a highly hierarchical biological material, using its dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. The convolutional neural network, the most successful DL model in imaging-based predictions, was trained using simulated DXA images of trabecular bone samples as input and their apparent elastic modulus (Eapparent) determined using microCT-based finite element simulations as output (label). The results showed that the DL model achieved high fidelity in predicting Eapparent of trabecular bone samples (R2 > 0.86), and its performance appeared to be better than that of histomorphometric parameter-based regression models built using the same bone samples. The outcome of this study suggests that DXA image-based DL techniques can be used for multiscale modeling of trabecular bone to predict its elastic behavior.
Vein Graft Tympanoplasty: How a Transiently Used Graft Material Transformed Middle Ear Surgery:

The inception of medial grafting as a technique for tympanic membrane repair was a critical milestone in the history of otology. John Shea introduced the medial graft technique and the use of vein grafts for tympanoplasty in 1960 after realizing that the vein grafts that he used to repair the oval window after stapedectomy could also be utilized to repair tympanic membrane perforations. At the time, tympanoplasty often utilized skin grafts, which required placement of the graft lateral to the tympanic membrane annulus. Placement of the graft medial to the tympanic membrane annulus allowed for more efficient surgery and avoided the complications associated with lateral grafting, such as blunting and lateralization. The introduction of vein grafts in tympanoplasty prompted a fundamental shift in technique from lateral to medial grafting, paving the way for decades of innovation in tympanoplasty.
Perceptual distraction causes visual memory encoding intrusions.

Given the complexity of our visual environments, a number of mechanisms help us prioritize goal-consistent visual information. When searching for a friend in a crowd, for instance, visual working memory (VWM) maintains a representation of your target (i.e., your friend’s shirt) so that attention can be subsequently guided toward target-matching features. In turn, attentional filters gate access to VWM to ensure that only the most relevant information is encoded and used to guide behavior. Distracting (i.e., unexpected/salient) information, however, can also capture your attention, disrupting search. In the current study we ask: does distraction also disrupt control over the VWM filter? Although the effect of distraction on search behavior is heavily studied, we know little about its consequences for VWM. Participants performed two consecutive visual search tasks on each trial. Stimulus color was irrelevant for both search tasks, but on trials where a salient distractor appeared on Search 1, we found evidence that the color associated with this distractor was incidentally encoded into VWM, resulting in memory-driven capture on Search 2. In two different experiments we observed slower responses on Search 2 when a non-target item matched the color of the salient distractor from Search 1; this effect was specific to the color associated with salient distraction and not induced by other non-target colors from the Search 1 display. We propose a novel Filter Disruption Theory: distraction disrupts the attentional filter that controls access to VWM, resulting in the encoding of irrelevant inputs at the time of capture.
After the collapse: Evaluating undone science in the wake of a global environmental crisis

Abstract This study deepens our understanding of environmental knowledge production under varying political-economic regimes. While the extant scholarship on undone science, that is the systemic non-production of knowledge, is largely based in liberal democracies in the US and Europe, it elides important differences in the making and unmaking of science elsewhere. Using the case of Peru’s left-leaning military dictatorship (1968–1980), I show how undone science contributed to the 1973 collapse of the world’s largest fishery and one of the most studied fisheries on the planet: the anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). In an effort to reconstruct the fishery and resolve undone science, I also demonstrate how the state collapsed established boundaries by brokering research between previously antagonistic scientific fields and enabling South-South coalitions across Latin America. The evidence presented here illustrates how, during times of crisis, states can nationalize fisheries science, meaning they promote novel scholarship from domestic data sources, among local scientists, and between endemic research institutions. Thus, the main drivers of epistemic change, in this case, are state actors exercising “conventional” practices, undermining the assumption that only bottom-up and “contentious” pressure can do so. This research offers important lessons for future research on state-science relations in the Global South.
Review of M. Cooper's Book: Family Values

I have some reservations about Melinda Cooper’s Family Values, which I also found to be a thoroughly engaging piece of scholarship. Cooper provides details and insights that will enrich the work of any critical theorist. However, my genuine appreciation of the rigour and effort that went into the creation of this expansive and detailed work on the relationship between neo-liberal capitalism and the new social conservatism in regard to the family is moderated to some extent by disappointment. Her approach to the family seems more engaged with the institution’s symbolic or representational dimension, which from her critical perspective is reduced to an institution of subordination and inequality. That focus on family as an institution of discrimination runs the risk of obscuring the essential societal functions that the unit we call family actually perform within society.
Endocannabinoids and Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus and Cerebellum

The endocannabinoid system, comprising the cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoid ligands (endocannabinoids), synthetic, degradative, and uptake processes, has emerged as a potent regulatory force at numerous synapses throughout the brain. The CB1R receptors are primarily located on presynaptic nerve terminals, and when activated they inhibit release. The endocannabinoid system is under intensive investigation, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebellum where it regulates inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission. The emphasis of this chapter is on the regulation of inhibition by endocannabinoids, the forms of plasticity that the endocannabinoid system undergoes, and the synaptic plasticities that it regulates.
Identifying Threats Using Graph-based Anomaly Detection

Much of the data collected during the monitoring of cyber and other in- frastructures is structural in nature, consisting of various types of entities and rela- tionships between them. The detection of threatening anomalies in such data is crucial to protecting these infrastructures. We present an approach to detecting anomalies in a graph-based representation of such data that explicitly represents these entities and relationships. The approach consists of first finding normative patterns in the data using graph-based data mining and then searching for small, unexpected deviations to these normative patterns, assuming illicit behavior tries to mimic legitimate, normative behavior. The approach is evaluated using several synthetic and real-world datasets. Results show that the approach has high true- positive rates, low false-positive rates, and is capable of detecting complex struc- tural anomalies in real-world domains including email communications, cell- phone calls and network traffic.
Effect of Temperature, Microstructure, and Stress State on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Waspaloy

Specimens of Waspaloy of two different microstructures were tested in uniaxial and torsional low-cycle fatigue at 24 and 649 C. For all specimens, deformation and failure mechanisms are found to be independent of stress state at 24 C; in both microstructures, failure is associated with the formation of shear cracks. At 649 C, deformation and failure mechanisms for the fine-grain large gamma-prime specimens are independent of stress state, and the mechanisms are similar to those observed at 24 C. For the coarse-grain small gamma-prime specimens, however, failure occurs on principal planes in torsion and on shear plane in uniaxial tension. The results are interpreted in terms of deformation mode and microstructural instability.
Arguing Separate but Equal: A Study of Argumentation in Public Single-Sex Science Classes in the United States

Amended federal regulations have attempted to expand the circumstances in which single-sex classes are permissible in public schools in the United States. Applying a grounded theory methodology, this ethnographic study investigated students’ grades and the discursive practice of argumentation in an all-boy and an all-girl science class taught by the same teacher at a public co-educational middle school in the United States to explore whether they learned the same science. Although the classes received similar grades, the boys gained greater exposure to argumentation, a skill that could assist them in future science pursuits. The emerging theory is that single-sex settings can construct differences between the sexes, possibly aiding the development or maintenance of differences between boys’ and girls’ interest and performance in science. This study highlights the concern that the recent increase in single-sex offerings in the United States could impact equity goals and gender-related outcomes.
Fault-oriented Test Generation for Multicast Routing Protocol Design

We present a new algorithm for automatic test generation for multicast routing. Our algorithm processes a finite state machine (FSM) model of the protocol and uses a mix of forward and backward search techniques to generate the tests. The output tests include a set of topologies, protocol events and network failures, that lead to violation of protocol correctness and behavioral requirements. We target protocol robustness in specific, and do not attempt to verify other properties in this paper. We apply our method to a multicast routing protocol; PIM-DM, and investigate its behavior in the presence of selective packet loss on LANs and router crashes. Our study unveils several robustness violations in PIM-DM, for which we suggest fixes with the aid of the presented algorithm.
Using Quilts and Quilt Picture Books to Celebrate Diversity with Young Children

Quilts, with their bright colors, puzzle-like patterns and comforting touch, naturally appeal to children. Quilts may cover beds, blanket naps, or serve some other function in children’s homes, and the family context of quilts makes them appropriate for exploring diversity with young children in the classroom. A rich and extensive collection of quilt-centered picture books is available that explores cultural, intergenerational and social awareness themes through engaging text and captivating illustrations. Quilts and quilt-themed picture books are useful additions to an early childhood environment that explores, celebrates and integrates diversity in the daily life of the young child.
Reflections on Reality: The Three Natures and Non-Natures in the Mind-Only School . By Jeffrey Hopkins. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. x, 598 pp. $60.00 (cloth).

Preface Technical Notes Part One: Background Part Two: Religous Significance of the Three Natures of Phenomena Part Three: Examining the Sutra Unraveling the Thought Part Four: Thoroughly Established Nature Endowed with Buddha Qualities Part Five: Views on the Two Emptinesses Part Six: Undermining Error Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Backnotes Bibliography Index
Structure of the drosophila mutable allele, white-crimson, and its white-ivory and wild-type derivatives

The white locus in Drosophila is required for a normal brick-red eye color; deletions of this locus result in a bleached-white eye color. The white-crimson (wc) allele of white was isolated as a partial revertant of another mutant white allele, white-ivory (wi), a mutation due to duplication of sequences within the white locus. The wc allele reverts at high frequencies to wild-type and wi phenotypes and generates white-eyed derivatives, including deletions with one endpoint at the white locus. We analyzed the structure of the wc allele by molecular cloning and by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA and found that the wc phenotype results from the insertion of a 10 kilobase DNA sequence into the wi duplication. Five independent phenotypic revertants of wc to wi were examined, and in each case reversion was accompanied by apparently precise excision of the insertion. Reversion of wc to a wild-type phenotype in each of the six cases examined was mediated by excision of both the insertion and one copy of the wi duplication, restoring gene structure to wild-type.
Semiparametric modeling of age at achieving developmental milestones after prenatal exposure to methylmercury in the Seychelles child development study.

Controversy exists concerning the fetal risk associated with exposure to low-dose methylmercury from maternal fish consumption. Previous studies of the effects of acute prenatal mercury exposure id...
Hydroxyethylcellulose as an effective polymer network for DNA analysis in uncoated glass microchips: optimization and application to mutation detection via heteroduplex analysis

Abstract The nature of the sieving matrix for DNA fragment separation is of immense importance in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. The chemical nature of the surface of the capillary or microchannel wall is equally as important, particularly with DNA electrophoresis where a substantial electroosmotic flow (EOF) may be detrimental to the separation. Although DNA analysis has been carried out successfully in both coated and uncoated capillaries, analysis of unpurified polymerase chain reaction products has been carried out primarily with covalently coated surfaces, especially with microchip electrophoresis. In this report, double-stranded (ds) DNA fragment analysis using hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) buffered in 1 × Tris–borate–EDTA is demonstrated both in uncoated capillaries and in microchips. EOF was suppressed 20% in the presence of 1.5% HEC, and the effectiveness of HEC as a polymer for dsDNA fragment analysis was dependent on the pH, with pH 8.6 being optimal. Using separation efficiency (number of theoretical plates) and resolution to gauge the effectiveness of a variety of polymers for the capillary separation of dsDNA fragments in the size range 60–587 bp, HEC was found to be comparable in performance to polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA), and superior to linear polyacrylamide and polyethylene oxide for DNA analysis. With respect to longevity and robust performance, HEC could be used effectively in an uncoated capillary for more than 40 runs and for more than 90 runs (without replenishing the polymer) in an uncoated microchip. Application of the optimized HEC conditions is demonstrated through its ability to facilitate heteroduplex analysis.
Alteration in FAD-glucose dehydrogenase activity and hemocyte behavior contribute to initial disruption of Manduca sexta immune response to Cotesia congregata parasitoids.

Abstract Cotesia congregata and Manduca sexta were used as a model system to study the mechanism and effect of a polydnavirus (PDV). We hypothesized that (1) FAD–glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) (EC 1.1.99.10) hemolymph titer would increase in response to parasitism, (2) hemocyte targeting behavior would be altered by parasitism, and (3) changes observed in GLD activity and hemocyte behavior immediately post-parasitization would be due to the presence of PDV. GLD specific activity was measured at four time points early during parasitism using a spectrophotometric enzyme assay. Hemocyte behavior was measured using direct observations of hemocyte response to a foreign target in vitro. Results demonstrate that GLD increases immediately post-oviposition and post-injection of purified PDV, indicating that virions elicit nonself recognition. This increase relative to unparasitized controls also occurs in response to trioxsalen-UV inactivated virus, indicating that the initial disruption of the host immune response is not dependent upon viral transcription. Further, we demonstrate that plasmatocytes are actively spreading and aggregating but are not targeting nonself material in both parasitized and polydnavirus treatments. These results indicate that purified PDV is recognized as nonself and is triggering an immediate cellular immune response prior to viral transcription.
Loneliness and Eating Disorders

This article examines the link between loneliness and eating disorders. This concept is evaluated through a systematic review of the literature that links loneliness and eating disorders and through a survey of themes connecting the 2 conditions. Eating disorders-including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders that are not otherwise specified, which include binge eating disorder-are challenging health issues. Each of these diagnoses specifically relates to loneliness. This negative emotion contributes to and fuels eating disorder symptoms. Negative interpersonal relationships, both real experiences and individuals' skewed perceptions, exacerbate eating disorders and feelings of loneliness. Characteristics that have been associated with loneliness clearly relate to eating disorders. Understanding this relationship is vital, so that we can appreciate our patients' struggles and work to target these intense emotions within the treatment setting. We need to be aware of the power of loneliness as it applies to individuals in general and specifically to those struggling with disordered eating.
Excellent outcomes with adjuvant toremifene or tamoxifen in early stage breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Fareston (toremifene) and tamoxifen, both selective estrogen receptor modulators, are therapeutically equivalent treatments for metastatic breast cancer. We hypothesized that toremifene as compared with tamoxifen given as adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer would result in equivalent survival with an improved side effect profile, therefore, providing superior therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: The North American Fareston versus Tamoxifen Adjuvant trial assigned 1813 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive invasive breast cancer to adjuvant treatment with either tamoxifen or toremifene. The primary outcomes evaluated were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 59 months. The baseline characteristics of the 2 treatment groups were well-balanced. On the basis of intent-to-treat, 5-year actuarial DFS was not significantly different between tamoxifen and toremifene (91.2% [standard error of the mean [SE] 1.2%] vs 91.2% [SE 1.1%], respectively). Similarly, 5-year actuarial OS was not significantly different between tamoxifen and toremifene (92.7% [SE 1.1%] vs 93.7% [SE 1.0%], respectively). Controlling for patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade, a Cox multivariate survival analysis found no difference between patients randomized to toremifene versus tamoxifen in terms of OS (OR = 0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.623-1.451, P = .951) or DFS (OR = 1.037; 95% CI, 0.721-1.491, P = .846). Adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Women treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy enjoyed excellent DFS and OS. No significant differences were found between treatment with either tamoxifen or toremifene. Treatment of HR-positive patients with either tamoxifen or toremifene is appropriate. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Returns to scale in a matching model of the labor market

Abstract This paper presents evidence on the degree of returns to scale in the labor market, using a transcendental logarithmic model of the labor-market matching technology. The empirical results imply (locally) increasing returns to scale, and are consistent with multiple equilibria, thereby suggesting a potentially welfare-enhancing role for macroeconomic policy intervention.
Ethical and Epistemological Tensions in Applying A Postmodern Perspective to Feminist Research

We examine tensions that arise in applying postmodernism to feminist research. First, we consider epistemological tensions generated in the process of deconstructing existing knowledge and construc...
The Relevance of Strategy Research: Practitioner and Academic Viewpoints*

It is important for strategy research to have practical relevance given its professional orientation. The differing perspectives of academics and managers and the rapid development of the field of strategic management suggests a need to address the field's future direction. In this paper, a practitioners' agenda for the field is developed based on a survey of chief executive officers (CEOs) of major US corporations. A comparison of this agenda with one generated by academics highlights the differences between the two constituencies concerning issues of relevance for the future. Compared to academics, CEOs emphasize operating issues; disagree on the priority of strategic issues; and are generally unfamiliar with research-based journals. The two agendas should be viewed as complementary. Some implications for the field are discussed and suggestions made for dealing with the issue of relevance in future research and communicating the results to managers.
Milk Clotting and Curd Firmness as Affected by Type of Milk-Clotting Enzyme, Calcium Chloride Concentration, and Season of Year

Abstract Firmness of milk gels formed with rennet, a mixture of rennet and porcine pepsin (Chymoset), and proteases from Mucor miehei and Mucor pusillus were measured with an apparatus which imposes an oscillatory motion to milk during clotting. This causes the clotting milk to create an oscillating pressure against a sensing diaphragm; the extent of pressure varies directly with clot firmness. No differences in rates of firming were significant between gels formed by the various enzymes in milk at pH 6.5 and 30C and at pH 6.7 and 34C. Gels formed by Mucor proteases at the extremes of experimental conditions (pH 6.7, 30C and pH 6.5, 34C) firmed less rapidly than gels formed by the other enzymes. Adding calcium chloride to milk reduced clotting time and increased rates of firming of gels formed by all enzymes tested. Clotting times of milk treated with rennet did not vary markedly at various seasons, but rate of firming of clots formed from milk in June was much slower than clots formed at other periods of the year. The time required for initial clot formation and subsequent rate of firming were affected differently by deviations in type of enzyme, pH, and temperature of milk, calcium 2+ concentration, season of year, and interactions of these factors.
The identification of α-galactosidase B from human liver as an α-acetylgalactosaminidase

Summary Previously reported differences in the substrate specificities of α-galactosidases A and B have been further investigated. A highly purified fraction of α-galactosidase B from normal human liver was found to possess α- N -acetylgalactosaminidase activity as well. The Michaelis constants with o-nitrophenyl-α- N -acetylgalactosaminide (o-NP-α-GalNAc) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-α- D -galactopyranoside (4-MU-α-Gal) were 1.3 and 6.8 mM, respectively. The hydrolysis of 4-MU-α-Gal was competitively inhibited by o-NP-α-GalNAc with a Kj of 2.7 mM. In addition, the B form uniquely catalyzed the hydrolysis of Forssman hapten, a glycolipid containing a terminal α- N -acetylgalactosaminyl residue, with a Michaelis constant of 0.59 mM.
Will web surveys ever become part of mainstream research

Leece et al used systematic sampling to assign one half of a list of orthopedic surgeons to a Web survey and the other half to a mail survey [1]. They observed that the Web survey produced a significantly lower response rate than the mail survey, and cautioned, “Researchers should not assume that the widespread availability and potential ease of Internet-based surveys will translate into higher response rates.” In contrast, Ritter et al, who recruited participants from the Internet and randomly assigned them either to a mail survey or to a Web survey, observed different results [2]. They found that participation was at least as good as if not better among the Web survey group than among those receiving questionnaires by mail. In addition the investigators found that the responses to 16 health-related questions did not differ significantly between the two study groups.
Recent advances in AM OLED technologies for application to aerospace and military systems

While initial AM OLED products have been introduced in the market about a decade ago, truly successful commercialization of OLEDs has started only a couple of years ago, by Samsung Mobile Display (SMD), with small high performance displays for smart phone applications. This success by Samsung has catalyzed significant interest in AM OLED technology advancement and commercialization by other display manufacturers. Currently, significant manufacturing capacity for AM OLED displays is being established by the industry to serve the growing demand for these displays. The current development in the AM OLED industry are now focused on the development and commercialization of medium size (~10") AM OLED panels for Tablet PC applications and large size (~55") panels for TV applications. This significant progress in commercialization of AM OLED technology is enabled by major advances in various enabling technologies that include TFT backplanes, OLED materials and device structures and manufacturing know-how. In this paper we will discuss these recent advances, particularly as they relate to supporting high performance applications such as aerospace and military systems, and then discuss the results of the OLED testing for aerospace applications.
Hydrogen chemisorption on metal surfaces

Abstract The adsorption of H atoms on metal (jellium) surfaces has been investigated using linear response theory within the density functional formalism. The adsorbate is represented initially by a 1S orbital on the H atom, which perturbs the jellium surface and indirectly the adsorbate itself. The interaction energy curves, atomic binding energies, induced dipole moments, chemical shifts associated with the adsorbate, and vibrational excitation energies at the equilibrium internuclear separation have been calculated for a single H atom chemisorbed on metal surfaces. The sum of the atomic binding energy and the ionization potential of the H 1S level may be regarded as the initial state energy in the case of photoemission from the chemisorbed H. The rather satisfactory overall agreement between the theory and the experimental results for binding energies, vibrational excitation energies, and dipole moments suggests that this simple formalism could also have useful applications in more complicated chemisorbed systems.
Order and domain hardening in Cu3Au type superlattice alloys

An X-ray study has been made of the change of degree of order and domain size during the isothermal ordering of a series of Ni3Fe, Ni3Mn and Cu3Au alloys, all of which form the same type of superlattice. It is shown that the ordering process varies with composition within an alloy system as well as from one alloy system to another. Hardness measurements were made upon the same samples as used in the X-ray investigation. From this combined X-ray and mechanical properties study it is concluded that an initial increase in strength during isothermal ordering is due to a combination of short range order strengthening and the strengthening produced when an antiphase boundary has to be created. A new strengthening mechanism involving the cutting of ordered domains by single dislocations is shown to contribute to this initial increase in strength. After a continuous domain structure has developed, a softening, as predicted by Cottrell and Flinn, is observed.
Resistance and the Arts of Domination: Miners and the Bolivian State

The ever-growing scholarly literature on resistance-closely associated with the now-classic works by James Scott (1976; 1985; 1990)-has consistently focused on the historical conjunctures explaining the emergence and consolidation of dominant social orders and their ideological, economic, political, and cultural underpinnings, the mix of coercion and "consent" in varying historical contexts that accounts for more or less effective state rule and hegemony, and, especially, the contexts and processes within and through which social groups creatively contest the dominating and seemingly totalizing power of states, elites, and other power holders. There is a growing realization that seemingly dominant ideologies' are rarely if ever as pervasive as they seem to be, that behind the apparent acquiescence to state and elite rule and domination are alternative visions, hopes, and expectations and a deep questioning of existing politico-economic arrangements and their ideological underpinnings, and that the power of the state and dominant classes, while very real, is rarely all-encompassing and hegemonic projects are often quite fragile and fragmentary. Subordinate groups are constantly questioning and challenging "the terms of their subordination," do not engage in "willing, even enthusiastic complicity" in that subordination (Scott, 1990: 4, 86), and have available to them the opportunities and repertoire-cultural, political, economic, social, and ideological-to challenge it. The resistance literature has amply documented the manifold ways that subordinate, marginalized, or otherwise disposed but not entirely powerless social groups have (more or less) successfully confronted, maneuvered around, checked, challenged, skirted, or otherwise undermined closely overlapping forms of domination (Scott, 1976; 1985; 1990; Nash, 1988; Colburn, 1989; Leong, 1992; Gutmann, 1993; Reed-Danahay, 1993; Guha, 1994; Roseberry, 1994; Ortner, 1995). My purpose in this article is not to tread over familiar terrain-either to dwell on the goals and achievements of resistance scholarship or to reiterate the many critiques that have been leveled at it (see especially Abu-Lughod,
Third-year medical students’ knowledge of privacy and security issues concerning mobile devices

Background: The use of mobile devices are ubiquitous in medical-care professional settings, but information on privacy and security concerns of mobile devices for medical students is scarce.Aims: To gain baseline information about third-year medical students’ mobile device use and knowledge of privacy and security issues concerning mobile devices.Methods: We surveyed 67 third-year medical students at a Midwestern university on their use of mobile devices and knowledge of how to protect information available through mobile devices. Students were also presented with clinical scenarios to rate their level of concern in regards to privacy and security of information.Results: The most used features of mobile devices were: voice-to-voice (100%), text messaging (SMS) (94%), Internet (76.9%), and email (69.3%). For locking of one's personal mobile phone, 54.1% never physically lock their phone, and 58% never electronically lock their personal PDA. Scenarios considering definitely privacy concerns include emailing...
Alkaloids of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis (Coccinellidae)

Abstract Two novel alkaloids, 2-(12-aminotridecyl)-pyrrolidine and its 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative, are characterized from extracts of adult Mexican bean beetles. These pyrrolidines, together with a previously identified homotropane alkaloid, euphococcinine, account for 90% of the alkaloids present in this beetle. A number of piperidine derivatives are also identified as minor components. The total mixture represents the most complex bouquet of alkaloids reported hitherto from any coccinellid beetle.
A Comparative Study of the Personal Values of Female and Male Managers

Summary The personal values of a group of female and male managers working in organizations in the United States were evaluated. One hundred twenty-two female managers and 130 male managers responded to the Personal Values Questionnaire as designed by England. An analysis of the general personal value orientation of the respondents showed there were no significant differences between the two groups of managers. The primary value orientation of both the female and male managers was pragmatic. The secondary value orientation for both groups of managers was moralistic. Neither group showed an affect orientation to any degree. The by-concept analysis showed that of the 66 concepts, 51 were shared by the two groups of managers. The remaining 15 concepts reflect value differences between the female and male managers. The research suggests that these female and male managers had a similar personal value orientation. The results are also similar in nature to previous studies utilizing England's methodology of ass...
Beating the best Nash without regret

Nash equilibrium analysis has become the de facto solution standard in game theory. This approach, despite its prominent role, has been the subject of much criticism for being too optimistic. Indeed, in general games, natural play need not converge to Nash equilibria. In games with multiple equilibria, it is unclear how players are expected to coordinate; even in games with a unique equilibrium, finding it may involve unreasonable expectations on player communication or computation.
Repression of Sulfate Assimilation Is an Adaptive Response of Yeast to the Oxidative Stress of Zinc Deficiency

The Zap1 transcription factor is a central player in the response of yeast to changes in zinc status. Previous studies identified over 80 genes activated by Zap1 in zinc-limited cells. In this report, we identified 36 genes repressed in a zinc- and Zap1-responsive manner. As a result, we have identified a new mechanism of Zap1-mediated gene repression whereby transcription of the MET3, MET14, and MET16 genes is repressed in zinc-limited cells. These genes encode the first three enzymes of the sulfate assimilation pathway. We found that MET30, encoding a component of the SCFMet30 ubiquitin ligase, is a direct Zap1 target gene. MET30 expression is increased in zinc-limited cells, and this leads to degradation of Met4, a transcription factor responsible for MET3, MET14, and MET16 expression. Thus, Zap1 is responsible for a decrease in sulfate assimilation in zinc-limited cells. We further show that cells that are unable to down-regulate sulfate assimilation under zinc deficiency experience increased oxidative stress. This increased oxidative stress is associated with an increase in the NADP+/NADPH ratio and may result from a decrease in NADPH-dependent antioxidant activities. These studies have led to new insights into how cells adapt to nutrient-limiting growth conditions.
Implication of Protein Carboxymethylation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Chemotaxis

Two chemoattractants for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, fibronectin (FN) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were found to enhance protein carboxymethylation mediated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine in RPE cells measured by [3H]methanol hydrolyzed from TCA precipitable protein methyl esters labelled with [3H]methionine. The effect was rapid, peaking at 2 min when [3H]methanol production was enhanced 120% by FN and 150% by PDGF. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA; 10μM), adeno-sine (100 μM), and L-homocysteine thiolactone (100 μM) inhibited FN-induced carboxymethylation by 60%, and PDGF-induced carboxymethylation by 59%. In modified Boyden chamber assays, the combination of EHNA (10 μM), adenosine (100 μM), and L-homocysteine thiolactone (100 μM) markedly inhibited FN-induced chemotaxis by 88% and PDGF-induced chemotaxis by 93%). Migration of RPE cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Inhibition of protein carboxymethylation may provide a new target in the development of pharmacologic therapy for PVR.
Retinal projection to a rotated tectal reimplant following long-term tectal denervation in adult goldfish.

Abstract Following optic nerve crush, the precise termination sites of regenerating goldfish optic axons may be influenced by the presence or abscence of degenerating axonal debris from the previous projection. We investigated whether tectal polarity reversal can be induced in the absence of axonal debris The right optic tectum was denervated by contralateral eye removal. One year later, when no debris was present, a piece of the right tectum was rotated and innervation by the right eye was induced by removal of the left tectum. The new ipsilateral projection to the rotated region was correspondingly rotated. It is concluded that retention of tectal polarity is not dependent upon degenerating axonal debris.
Cytological Studies in the Tribe Paniceae, Gramineae

Chromosome numbers were determined during microsporogenesis in strains belonging to 21 species and 8 genera of Paniceae. These include 4 new reports. Intraspecific chromosome races were found in Brachiaria brizantha, Cenchrus ciliaris, Digitaria adescendens, D. eriantha, Eriochloa nubica, Panicum maximum, Paspalum, orbiculare, P. plicatulum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Urochloa mosambicensis and U. panicoides.Meiosis was studied in all species. Chromosome pairing was regular in diploids but irregular in polyploids and aneuploids. It is suggested that polyploidy and meiotic irregularities are mechanisms which favor apomictic mode of reproduction in the members of Paniceae studied herein. The frequencies of quadrivalents observed in strains of Cenchrus ciliaris, Paspalum plicatulum and Paspalum simplex seem to be high enough to suggest their autoploid origin. In the rest of the species with low quadrivalent frequency, the factors favoring the accumulation of chromosome structural changes seem to be in operation.Of special interest was a plant of Digitaria eriantha, which exhibited the phenomenon of breakdown of meiosis. The pollen mother cells at early prophase were without well differentiated cell walls, due to which several nuclei formed cenocytes. A few cells showed fragmentation of chromosomes. The metaphase stage was never reached. The fragmented chromosomes formed restitution nuclei. A few cells formed multiple spindles. The pollen fertility was very low.The significance of the cytological findings was discussed.
A useful transformation of the cubic part of the free energy in lattice dynamics

Abstract An integral transformation of the contribution to the Helmholtz free energy of the cubic term of the Taylor expansion of the potential energy is presented which makes it possible to factorize the summand explicitly in terms of correlation functions of the displacement vectors. The same transformation is also applicable to terms of higher order. This procedure simplifies considerably the numerical computations.
Hyperphenylalaninaemia Caused by Defects in Biopterin Metabolism

The hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylating system consists of three essential components, phenylalanine hydroxylase, dihydropteridine reductase and the non-protein coenzyme, tetrahydrobiopterin. The reductase and the pterin coenzyme are also essential components of the tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylating systems. Recent studies have shown that there are three distinct forms of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninaemia, each caused by the lack of one of these essential components. The variant forms of the disease that are caused by the lack of dihydropteridine reductase or tetrahydrobiopterin are characterized by severe neurological deterioration, impaired functioning of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases and the resultant deficiency of tyrosine- and tryptophan-derived monoamine neurotransmitters in brain.
559 PHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION WITH HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (HIB) IN HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF COLONIZED CHILDREN ENROLLED IN DAY CARE (DC) FACILITIES ATTENDED BY A CHILD WITH INVASIVE HIB DISEASE

Strategies for management of children attending DC facilities after occurrence of a case of HIB disease are controversial. The success of chemoprophylaxis has been variable. Failure of rifampin prophylaxis as currently recommended, may result from usage limited to direct contacts of the index case. This prospective study was designed to ascertain the extent of colonization in household contacts of colonized children attending DC facilities with an index case of HIB disease. Outer membrane protein (OMP) analysis was used to determine similarity between strains isolated from contacts and index cases. In DC children from 6 facilities, 15% were colonized with identical subtypes of HIB. In addition, 7% of children in the larger DC centers carried non-identical subtypes. Colonization with identical subtypes in children from DC homes was greater than in the larger DC centers (91% vs 8%, p<0.00001). Within families of children with identical OMP subtypes, 25% (17% of parents and 44% of siblings) were colonized despite lack of direct contact with the index case. This colonization rate was comparable to that of household contacts of index cases. Of household contacts of DC children with non-identical subtypes of HIB, 13% were colonized. We conclude that colonized household contacts are a potential source of HIB infection for susceptible DC children and may also warrant prophylaxis.
Response to Letter from Villa-Abrille et al

As Drs. Villa-Abrille, Perez, and Cingolani correctly point out,1 the behavior whereby cardiac muscle is subjected to abruptly increased systolic load and then manifests a gradual rise in contractility has been recognized for over a century. First credited to Gleb (not Glen) von Anrep,2 its name has morphed over the decades along with the types of experiments used to generate it. The name, slow force response (SFR), has indeed been adapted by many to describe this behavior, but we feel the term is far less universal than the writers suggest, and also believe it obfuscates the mechanistic concepts behind it. What is slow—force or response? What is the response to and what …
Commentary: new guidelines for NIH peer review: improving the system or undermining it?

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) peer review system has been viewed as the best way to guarantee the scientific independence of biomedical research in the United States, and it has been emulated internationally. The system, however, is subject to a variety of stresses, and these have