cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of parallel PageRank on multicore platforms

PageRank is a fundamental graph algorithm to evaluate the importance of vertices in a graph. In this paper, we present an efficient parallel PageRank design based on an edge-centric scatter-gather model. To overcome the poor locality of PageRank and optimize the memory performance, we develop a fast and efficient partitioning technique. We first partition all the vertices into non-overlapping vertex sets such that the data of each vertex set can fit in the cache; then we sort the outgoing edges of each vertex set based on the destination vertices to minimize random memory writes. The partitioning technique significantly reduces random accesses to main memory and improves the sustained memory bandwidth by 3×. It also enables efficient parallel execution on multicore platforms; we use distinct cores to execute the computations of distinct vertex sets in parallel to achieve speedup. We implement our design on a 16-core Intel Xeon processor and use various large-scale real-life and synthetic datasets for evaluation. Compared with the PageRank Pipeline Benchmark, our design achieves 12× to 19× speedup for all the datasets.
Computed Tomography Window Blending: Feasibility in Thoracic Trauma

Rationale and Objectives This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of processing computed tomography (CT) images with a custom window blending algorithm that combines soft-tissue, bone, and lung window settings into a single image; to compare the time for interpretation of chest CT for thoracic trauma with window blending and conventional window settings; and to assess diagnostic performance of both techniques. Materials and Methods Adobe Photoshop was scripted to process axial DICOM images from retrospective contrast-enhanced chest CTs performed for trauma with a window-blending algorithm. Two emergency radiologists independently interpreted the axial images from 103 chest CTs with both blended and conventional windows. Interpretation time and diagnostic performance were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar test, respectively. Agreement with Nexus CT Chest injury severity was assessed with the weighted kappa statistic. Results A total of 13,295 images were processed without error. Interpretation was faster with window blending, resulting in a 20.3% time saving (P Conclusions In this pilot study utilizing retrospective data, window blending allows faster preliminary interpretation of axial chest CT performed for trauma, with no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared to conventional window settings. Future studies would be required to assess the utility of window blending in clinical practice.
Filtering for Linear Stochastic Hereditary Differential Systems

The theorem on the separation of control and filtering (Wonham 1) for linear optimal stochastic control problems with Gaussian noise processes and a quadratic cost function constitutes one of the central results of stochastic control theory. If the linear system is autonomous, then under appropriate stabilizability, observability, detecta-bility and reachability hypotheses it can be shown that the cascade combination of the Kaiman filter and the regulator defines an asymptotically stable closed-loop system.
The Molecular Biology of Potassium Channels and Mutations that Alter the Selectivity of the Pore

Molecular biology and Drosophila genetics have combined to give us an enormous amount of information about K+ channels. Work in many labs has resulted in the cloning of a large family of these channels. Originally cloned in Drosophila, homologs in other species have been isolated as well. Diversity within the family is generated by several mechanisms: six different classes of K+ channel genes, multiple closely related genes within a single class, and alternative RNA splicing within a single gene. Easy and abundant expression of the cloned channels in Xenopus oocytes has promoted structure/function studies. Our lab has concentrated on identifying the pore of the channel and characterizing mutations that alter ion selectivity. Starting with the ShB splicing variant from the Shaker locus, we have identified mutations within a region called H5 that greatly enhance the ability of Rb+ and NH4+ to pass through the channel. This H5 region is highly conserved in all the K+ channel sequences of the family and has an intermediate hydrophobicity. One model is proposed, involving an eight-strand beta-barrel, that could account for the physiological data now in hand. Because of the intrinsic interest of the mechanism of ion permeation, and because of the importance of the pore as a site of pharmacological intervention, elucidating the detailed nature of the pore will be an important area for future study.
Diuretics as a basis of antihypertensive therapy. An overview.

Diuretics have been, except for during a few recent years, the most commonly used therapy for hypertension. Although use of these agents fell significantly in the early 1990s, since then it has begun to increase again. Their recent return to popularity reflects 3 major factors: (i) recognition of the effectiveness of much lower dosages than previously used, thereby providing good antihypertensive activity with fewer adverse effects; (ii) the excellent reductions in morbidity and mortality achieved by low dosage diuretic-based therapy in multiple randomised controlled trials in elderly patients with hypertension; and (iii) the increasing recognition that some diuretic-induced shrinkage of effective blood volume is essential for the adequate treatment of many, if not most, patients with hypertension. Therefore, diuretics will probably continue to be the basis for antihypertensive therapy, and the indapamide sustained release 1.5mg formulation provides all the essential characteristics of diuretic therapy.
The Wave Operator

Here all fundamental solutions that are tempered distributions for the wave operator are determined then used as a toll in the solution of the generalized Cauchy problem for this operator.
The Information Services View

The information services view engenders a conceptual shift from the provision of defined and predetermined services to an environment that enables users to select and integrate information services in the ongoing creation and recreation of unique information systems. The information services view (ISV) conceptualizes technology as an ensemble of facilities that perform an action or function on the users’ behalf. The vision of ISV is the realization of user-enabled, real-time production of ad hoc information systems.
Microbial Adaptations to Stress: Some Lessons to be Learned from Aerobes

There are microbial adaptations to “stress” or unusual conditions that would seem to be of obvious importance for optimizing fermentative capacities for the production of fuels. Three of these areas are the specific topics of talks in this session. There are two other environmental constraints upon microbial viability and metabolism that have been the subjects of investigations in our laboratory. These are the problem of pH—both extremely acidic and extremely alkaline—and the problem of the controls regulating aerobic vs. a more fermentative mode of metabolism. While all these studies have been conducted in aerobes, they touch upon concerns with respect to the issues at hand.
Sameness and Difference in the Piety of Thought

The paper works out an account of the piety proper to philosophical thought. The investigation proceeds as a critical interpretation of three enigmatic claims made by Martin Heidegger about ‘the piety of thinking,’ but the paper is not simply exegetical; the interpretive work is constantly in service of an attempt to think through the phenomenon independently. Plato’s Euthyphro and Nietzsche’s critique of scientific piety both hover in the background of Heidegger’s pronouncements, and they are given special attention here. Through the investigation, philosophical piety is shown to be a virtuous capacity to respond with fitting submission to the truth as what is insurmountably prior to us. To respond fittingly is, at least, to deal well with sameness and difference, which in the case of piety means to recognize two features of our situation: that philosophical questioning necessarily arises out of a fundamental listening, or affirmation, and that we always belong to being but only ever across a gap.
Environmental and endogenous drivers of tree mast production and synchrony in piñon-juniper-oak woodlands of New Mexico.

Tree masting (synchronous, episodic reproduction) is common worldwide and is hypothesized to be especially important in ecosystems with low species diversity and productivity as in semi‐arid woodlands of the American Southwest. We analyzed mast dynamics of three dominant tree species, one‐seed juniper (Cupressaceae: Juniperus monosperma), two‐needle pinon pine (Pinaceae: Pinus edulis), and Sonoran scrub oak (Fagaceae: Quercus turbinella), on six sites during 1997–2016 within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We tested multiple hypotheses regarding environmental and endogenous variables as controlling mechanisms, analyzing time‐series mast production data in relation to weather variables (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, wind) over different time frames, and assessed evidence for weather tracking, resource switching, resource depletion, resource cycling, and pollen limitation. We found that (1) in univariate regression analyses, mast production in all three species was inversely related to lagged late‐summer/autumn temperatures during fruit primordia formation (1‐yr lag for juniper and oak, 2‐yr lag for pinon pine). Juniper mast production (n = 412 trees) was positively related to current‐year late‐winter (February–April) precipitation, combined with a negative relationship with current‐year summer temperatures. Pinon pine mast production (n = 210 trees) was positively related to 1‐yr lagged total annual precipitation and negatively associated with current‐year spring and summer temperatures. Oak mast production (n = 194 trees) also was positively related to current‐year late‐winter precipitation but was not affected by subsequent summer temperatures. (2) Multivariate environmental logistic regression models produced reasonable fits to observed field mast values. (3) High‐mast years in juniper and oak were characterized by greater proportions of trees producing mast and increased mast production per tree. (4) Juniper, oak, and pinon pine mast years were highly synchronized. (5) We found indirect support for resource depletion in all three species at some sites and indirect support for resource cycling in oak populations. (6) We observed only marginal indirect evidence for resource switching in pinon pine and oak. (7) Analyses of atmospheric pollen abundance relative to mast production produced no significant relationships. Predictive models of mast production have direct applications to regional silviculture, wildlife management, and ecosystem services in Southwestern woodlands.
Clonal Relatedness and Mutational Differences between Upper Tract and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Purpose: To investigate genomic differences between urothelial carcinomas of the upper tract (UTUC) and bladder (UCB), with a focus on defining the clonal relatedness of temporally distinct tumors. Experimental Design: We prospectively sequenced tumors and matched germline DNA using targeted next-generation sequencing methods. The cohort included 195 UTUC patients and 454 UCB patients. For a subgroup of 29 patients with UTUC and a history of a subsequent UCB, both tumors were analyzed to assess their clonal relatedness. Results: With the progression to higher UTUC clinical state, there were fewer alterations in the RTK/RAS pathway but more alterations in TP53/MDM2. Compared with UCB, TP53, RB1, and ERBB2 were less frequently altered in UTUC (26% vs. 46%, 3% vs. 20%, 8% vs. 19%, respectively; Q Conclusions: UTUC and UCB exhibit significant differences in the prevalence of common genomic alterations. In individual patients with a history of both tumors, UCB and UTUC were always clonally related. Genomic characterization of UTUC provides information regarding the risk of bladder recurrence and can identify tumors associated with Lynch syndrome.
Obama in Selma: Deixis, rhetorical vision, and the “true meaning of America”

I argue that Barack Obama’s immediate, imaginary, and discursive deictic references to the actions and character of ordinary citizens, specific geographical markers within the “landscape of America...
THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY HISTORY IN A PRE-PARTICIPATION SCREENING PROGRAM: RESULTS FROM A LARGE US CARDIAC SCREENING PROGRAM

Sudden cardiac death occurs in 0.5-13 deaths per 100,000 athletes. Often these events are the result of an underlying inherited cardiac abnormality. The AHA recommends a 14-element pre-participation cardiovascular screening of all competitive athletes, which includes direct questioning for a family
A neonicotinoid affects the mating behavior of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a biological control agent of filth flies

Spalangia endius Walker is a parasitoid wasp that is commercially available as a biological control agent for filth fly pests in livestock-rearing operations. Imidacloprid is often used to control these flies. The present study examined the sublethal effect of field-realistic concentrations of imidacloprid on mating behavior, offspring sex ratios, and male preference for virgin females. After exposure to imidacloprid, S. endius females that survived were less likely to mate than control females, which will result in male-biased sex ratios because only mated females can produce daughters. Males did not avoid exposed females, but exposed females were almost always unreceptive. Males that survived exposure to imidacloprid exhibited reduced mating competitiveness against unexposed males. However, if an exposed male mated, his mate's sex ratio and ability to control flies was unaffected. Exposed males were also still able to discriminate against mated, and thus usually unreceptive, females. Together with previous studies, these results suggest that not only does imidacloprid reduce the ability of S. endius females to survive and parasitize hosts, but when an exposed female does survive and parasitize hosts, she is likely to produce just sons, because of her lack of receptivity. More-male-biased populations of S. endius will decrease their efficacy for fly control. Thus, the use of imidacloprid along with this parasitoid may be financially inefficient for pest management.
Experimental influence of storm-surge salinity on soil greenhouse gas emissions from a tidal salt marsh

Abstract Storm surges can substantially alter the water level and salinity in tidal salt marshes. Little is known about how changes experienced during storm surges affect greenhouse gas emissions (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O) from tidal salt marsh soils. Understanding how storm surges influence ecosystem processes is critical for evaluating the ecosystem's sensitivity to sea level rise. To explore how hurricane-induced changes in salinity affect GHG emissions, we exposed intact soil mesocosms (0–9 cm depth) from a Mid-Atlantic temperate salt marsh to pulse changes in salinity experienced at the site before, during, and after Hurricane Joaquin in 2015. Soil temperature, oxygen, and water level were kept constant to avoid confounding effects throughout the experiment. Automated measurements (hourly resolution) of soil GHG emissions were recorded in control (i.e., no salinity changes) and treatment mesocosms, and combined with soil pore water chemistry (i.e., SO42−, S2−, Fe2+, TNb, redox potential, pH) to characterize the biogeochemical responses. Using mixed effects models, we found that the role of different biogeochemical processes, such as sulfur cycling, changed throughout the experiment, underscoring the complex nature of GHG emissions in tidal salt marsh soils. Overall, soils subjected to a salinity decrease had greater GHG emissions than control soils, which were maintained at 17 ppt. The treatment soils had a 24% and 23% increase in global warming potential (20- and 100-year scenarios, respectively) indicating that storm surges can produce pulses of GHG emissions. However, both CH4 and N2O emissions returned to baseline values (following hysteresis responses) when initial conditions were reestablished. The results support the fact that tidal salt marshes are resilient ecosystems, as soil GHG emissions recovered relatively quickly from the pulse event.
A dual-responsive probe for detecting cellular hypoxia using 19F magnetic resonance and fluorescence

We report the first dual-responsive 19F MRI and fluorescence imaging probe for cellular hypoxia. The Cu2+-based probe exhibits no 19F MR signal and reduced fluorescence signal due to paramagnetic quenching; however, the probe turns-on in both modes following reduction to Cu+. This bimodal agent can differentiate hypoxic and normoxic cells in both modalities.
Mitochondrial ROS metabolism: 10 Years later

The role of mitochondria in oxidative stress is well recognized, but many questions are still to be answered. This article is intended to update our comprehensive review in 2005 by highlighting the progress in understanding of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism over the past 10 years. We review the recently identified or re-appraised sources of ROS generation in mitochondria, such as p66shc protein, succinate dehydrogenase, and recently discovered properties of the mitochondrial antioxidant system. We also reflect upon some controversies, disputes, and misconceptions that confound the field.
Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World

In the author’s own summary, Samuel Moyn states that Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World places “distributional justice and political economy much closer to the heart of the history of hum...
Balanced and Unbalanced Components of Moist Atmospheric Flows with Phase Changes

Atmospheric variables (temperature, velocity, etc.) are often decomposed into balanced and unbalanced components that represent low-frequency and high-frequency waves, respectively. Such decompositions can be defined, for instance, in terms of eigen-modes of a linear operator. Traditionally these decompositions ignore phase changes of water since phase changes create a piecewise-linear operator that differs in different phases (cloudy versus non-cloudy). Here we investigate the following question: How can a balanced-unbalanced decomposition be performed in the presence of phase changes? A method is described here motivated by the case of small Froude and Rossby numbers, in which case the asymptotic limit yields precipitating quasi-geostrophic equations with phase changes. Facilitated by its zero-frequency eigenvalue, the balanced component can be found by potential vorticity (PV) inversion, by solving an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE), which includes Heaviside discontinuities due to phase changes. The method is also compared with two simpler methods: one which neglects phase changes, and one which simply treats the raw pressure data as a streamfunction. Tests are shown for both synthetic, idealized data and data from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. In comparisons, the phase-change method and no-phase-change method produce substantial differences within cloudy regions, of approximately 5 K in potential temperature, due to the presence of clouds and phase changes in the data. A theoretical justification is also derived in the form of a elliptic PDE for the differences in the two streamfunctions.
Model Predictive Speed Control with Dynamic Reference for Electric Drive of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

This paper presents an improved finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for the electric drive system. In the conventional FCS-MPC, the speed regulation is achieved by PI-based outer loop and MPC-based inner loop. This structure weakens the features of fast dynamic response from the model predictive control. In the proposed FCS-MPC, a dynamic reference is introduced to formulate a holistic FCS-MPC in place of the PI-based outer loop. This new structure provides the system with the features of the shorter settling time and zero overshoot. Moreover, these performances are adjusted by a novel design variable called reference prediction horizon defined in the dynamic reference. The performance of the proposed FCS-MPC with dynamic reference is analyzed and verified in both simulations and experiments. A 2-kW electric drive prototype for a permanent magnet synchronous machine has been fully developed and the experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.
Oral high dose vitamin B12 decreases renal superoxide and post-ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.

Abstract Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially fatal syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. Excess production of superoxide contributes to the injury. We hypothesized that oral administration of a high dose of vitamin B12 (B12 - cyanocobalamin), which possesses a superoxide scavenging function, would protect kidneys against IRI and provide a safe means of treatment. Following unilateral renal IR surgery, C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice were administered B12 via drinking water at a dose of 50 mg/L. After 5 days of the treatment, plasma B12 levels increased by 1.2-1.5x, and kidney B12 levels increased by 7-8x. IRI mice treated with B12 showed near normal renal function and morphology. Further, IRI-induced changes in RNA and protein markers of inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and DNA damage response (DDR) were significantly attenuated by at least 50% compared to those in untreated mice. Moreover, the presence of B12 at 0.3 μM in the culture medium of mouse proximal tubular cells subjected to 3 hr of hypoxia followed by 1 hr of reperfusion in vitro showed similar protective effects, including increased cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. We conclude that a high dose of B12 protects against perfusion injury both in vivo and in vitro without observable adverse effects in mice and suggest that B12 merits evaluation as a treatment for I/R-mediated AKI in humans.
Contractors in Iraq: Exploited Class or Exclusive Club?:

Corporate privatization of security has generated a neoliberal iteration of an old profession: the private military contractor. This development has revolutionized security policies across the glob...
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Its Trade-Off With Grain Yield in Soft Red Winter Wheat.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance from different sources and pyramiding them into cultivars could provide effective protection against FHB. The obj...
Simple and Reliable: Mechanics Analysis for Robotic Arm of Strawberry Picking Robot

In most of the countries, the method of ridge cropping is adopted to plant strawberry, but most countries rely mainly on manual picking. Under the circumstances, developing a strawberry picking mechanism and its automation to replace manual work is an urgent problem waiting to be solved. In this study, based on 3D modelling, stress analyzing and motion simulation, an automatic picking and simple structure robot was innovatively designed. This paper mainly focuses on the part of two robotic arms. The single robotic arm consists of 5 rotational joints, 5 small motors at the joint, 4 Aluminium alloy skeletons and a pair of claws. The claw is made from light materials, and a pliant component is mounted to the surface. Through calculations of its motion simulation, it indicates that each part of the arm can run flexibly with bearing the requests of stress. Moreover, the claws can reduce damage to the fruit during picking by the soft structure. The results of dynamic simulation show that robotic arms can satisfy the requirements of automatic low-damage picking for strawberries in the greenhouse under the ridge.
“Advanced Marriage Technique”: Sex as a Perfectible Skill in Mid-twentieth-century American Marriage Manuals:

While earlier marital advice literature treated sexual intercourse as a matter of conditioned instinct, marriage manuals in the mid-twentieth century portrayed it as a skill, and one that was rarel...
Evidence-Based Relationship Practice: Enhancing Counselor Competence

Defining mental health counselor competence is difficult. Unfortunately, professional definitions of competence often rely on abstract knowledge that is difficult for counselors to apply. This article highlights the history and terminology associated with the evidence-based movement in medicine, psychology, and counseling. Using this historical information as a foundation, a relationally-oriented, evidence-based practice model for achieving competence in mental health counseling is proposed. The model emphasizes such evidence-based relationship factors as (a) congruence and genuineness, (b) the working alliance, (c) unconditional positive regard or radical acceptance, (d) empathic understanding, (e) rupture and repair, (f) managing countertransference, (g) implementing in- and out-of-session (homework) procedures, and (h) progress monitoring. The purpose of the model is to articulate a distinctive and practical evidence-based approach that mental health counselors can wholeheartedly embrace.
The parent–child analogy and the limits of skeptical theism

I draw on the literature on skeptical theism to develop an argument against Christian theism based on the widespread existence of suffering that appears to its sufferer to be gratuitous and is combined with the sense that God has abandoned one or never existed in the first place. While the core idea of the argument (that the existence of a certain sort of suffering casts doubt on the existence of God) is hardly novel, key elements of the argument are importantly different from other influential arguments against Christian theism. After explaining that argument, I make the case that the argument is untouched by traditional skeptical theism. I then consider (DePoe’s, in: Skeptical theism: new essays, 2014) positive skeptical theism, arguing that while DePoe’s view might provide a response to my argument, it entangles the theist in worries about divine deception. Because traditional skeptical theism and DePoe’s positive skeptical theism constitute the most promising extant strategies for answering my argument, the argument constitutes a serious challenge for the Christian theist. My overall aim, then, is to draw on various strands of the skeptical theism literature to present a challenge for all Christian theists, not just those in the skeptical theist camp, while at the same time revealing some important limitations of skeptical theism.
Distribution Channels and Energy Crisis: A Historical Perspective

In this paper the authors look at shifts in allocation of freight volume across modes of transportation during a period of environmental flux-specifically fluctuating fuel prices. An examination by disaggregated commodity classes as well as for the transportation industry as a whole reveals interesting relationships.
Algorithms for Routing Problems Involving UAVs

Routing problems naturally arise in several civil and military applica- tions involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with fuel and motion constraints. A typical routing problem requires a team of UAVs to visit a collection of targets with an objective of minimizing the total distance travelled. In this chapter, we consider a class of routing problems and review the classical results and the recent developments available to address the same.
Adsorption on low energy surfaces

Abstract Prior work on low energy surfaces has suggested that the adsorbed film is submonolayer at saturation pressure in those cases for which the liquid phase of the adsorbate vapor exhibits a finite contact angle on the solid surface. This study reports on the modification of particulate quartz by high temperature- and pressure-induced esterification of surface hydroxyl sites with n -amyl alcohol and with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and on subsequent vapor adsorption studies using n -octane, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride as adsorbates. The adsorption data were analyzed in the two-dimensional van der Waals model framework. Spreading pressures at saturation vapor pressure ranging from 5 to 7.2 erg/cm 2 were obtained with surface coverages near one-half monolayer. The values are compared with those obtained from various treatments of data provided by other experimental techniques.
Art Czar: The Rise and Fall of Clement Greenberg by Alice Goldfarb Marquis: Book Reviews

Art Czar: The Rise and Fall of Clement Greenberg Alice Goldfarb Marquis. Boston: MFA Publications, 2006. It is a tribute to the author's tenacity and tolerance that she managed to read all of Greenberg's letters and other documents in which he heaped scorn and vitriol on his family, his religion, and those who helped launch him in life. She makes it clear that he was neither a kind nor introspective man, but a sexist who minimized the impact of women pioneers in modern abstraction and generally seems to have seen them as little more than sexual objects! So, it is certainly appropriate to ask why we should care about him, his opinions, and his writing. The answer, of course, is in the impact that his ideas and writing have had since the first appearance of his ground-breaking, course-setting, and assertive, "Avant Garde and Kitsch" in the Partisan Review in 1939. That article, later combined with other of his writings, continues to have a role in artistic and intellectual discourse, as much for the force of its rhetoric, as for the value of its content. The other major reason for Greenberg's importance was his early, vocal, and impassioned support of Abstract Expressionism and particularly for the centrality and primacy of Jackson Pollack to that style of art. And, on the theoretical level, Greenberg was able to not only stake out a territory and sphere of influence, but also to help define the way art criticism might be done. This, in turn, caused others who either accepted or rejected his definitions and concentration on the self-referential to place him at the center of the dialogue. In that way, and in that debate, Marquis shows us how his form and positions in art criticism became almost as important as Pollack's in the creation of the art itself. This book weaves the biographical, the critical, and the historical together, fairly seamlessly, and one is never jarred by the flow. The author brings the biographical to bear on the historical, helping us to understand the combination of drive and the search for a place in the literary and artistic world that produced the complex, take no prisoners man that was Clement Greenberg. His need to not only assert his theories and defend his choices of artists, but also to denigrate or even demolish those whose opinions differed are explained through the biographical: he was clearly proving his worth to himself through that process, and almost certainly to the father who supported him financially but never emotionally. …
Dynamic mental representation in infancy

Recent research indicates that 4- to 8-month-old infants can track and anticipate the final orientation of an object following different invisible spatial transformations (Rochat, P., Hespos, S.J. (1996). Cognitive Development, 11, 3-17). Six experiments were designed to specify further the nature and development of early expectation for a set of dynamic events. A violation of expectation method was used to assess infants' reactions to probable and improbable outcomes of an objects' orientation following an invisible transformation. The availability of orientation cues, the path of motion, and the amount of invisible spatial transformation was systematically varied. The studies indicate that infants as young as 4 months of age detect orientation-specific cues for objects undergoing invisible spatial transformations. Developmental differences in this ability between 4 and 6 months of age lend insight to the nature and limitations of this early representational ability. These findings provide evidence for dynamic mental representation in infancy.
Son los partidos políticos el problema de la democracia en América Latina

Scholars blame the deficiencies of Latin America democracies on weak political parties and volatile party systems. Amog these deficiencies is mandate unresponsiveness: the tendency of politicians to pronounce themselves in favor of policies in campaign and then abandon these policies once in office. Yet political theories and experiencie in Latin America yield contradictory expectations: that strong parties may enhace responsiveness and taht they may reduce. The case estudies and statistical analysis of cross-national data presented in tthis article show that darmatic and early policiy switches were carried off both by weak parties in volatile systems, and by strong parties in stable systems. To understan policy switches we must look beyond the deficiencies of political parties
The diversity of objections to inequality

This is the text of The Lindley Lecture for 1996, given by T.M. Scanlon, an American philosopher.
Distributed transmit beamforming with one bit feedback revisited: How noise limits scaling

Distributed transmit beamforming with N cooperating nodes, each with fixed transmit power, provides a received power scaling with N2, corresponding to a “power pooling” gain of N and a beamforming gain of N. Prior work has shown that the optimal beamforming solution can be attained using a decentralized, iterative algorithm based on one bit (per iteration) feedback broadcast from the receiver to the transmitters. The algorithm is provably convergent in a noiseless setting, and is the basis for several successful prototypes. In this paper, we develop a framework for providing analytical insight into the effect of receiver noise, with the following key question in mind: can we bootstrap the algorithm from the incoherent power-pooled solution to operate in a regime in which the received SNR per node can be made arbitrarily small as we scale up the number of nodes N? Our analytical computations, validated by simulations, yield a somewhat negative answer: while the power-pooling gain guarantees a linear increase in received power with N, the per-node SNR cannot be scaled down with N if we wish to attain a quadratic increase in received power. Specifically, the fraction of the ideal beamforming gain attained using the one-bit algorithm is asymptotically independent of N, and depends only on the per-node SNR. However, the one-bit algorithm provides significant performance gains in practical regimes with a moderate number of cooperating nodes: the per-node SNR required for attaining a substantial fraction of the beamforming gain is low enough (e.g., − 5dB for 65% of the beamforming gain) to provide significant extension in operation regimes, while providing aggregate SNRs which permit reliable communication at high spectral efficiency: for example, starting from −5 dB per-node SNR, we obtain about 11 dB aggregate SNR with 10 cooperating nodes, and 17 dB SNR with 20 cooperating nodes.
Stable expression of constitutively-activated STAT3 in benign prostatic epithelial cells changes their phenotype to that resembling malignant cells.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are involved in growth regulation of cells. They are usually activated by phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues. In neoplastic cells, constitutive activation of STATs accompanies growth dysregulation and resistance to apoptosis through changes in gene expression, such as enhanced anti-apoptotic gene expression or reduced pro-apoptotic gene expression. Activated STAT3 is thought to play an important role in prostate cancer (PCA) progression. Because we are interested in how persistently-activated STAT3 changes the cellular phenotype to a malignant one in prostate cancer, we used expression vectors containing a gene for constitutively-activated STAT3, called S3c, into NRP-152 rat and BPH-1 human benign prostatic epithelial cells. We observed that prostatic cell lines stably expressing S3c required STAT3 expression for survival, because they became sensitive to antisense oligonucleotide for STAT3. However, S3c-transfected cells were not sensitive to the effects of JAK inhibitors, meaning that STAT3 was constitutively-activated in these transfected cell lines. NRP-152 prostatic epithelial cells lost the requirement for exogenous growth factors. Furthermore, we observed that NRP-152 expressing S3c had enhanced mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α, reduced mRNA levels of RAR-β and -γ, while BPH-1 cells transfected with S3c became insensitive to the effects of androgen, and also to the effects of a testosterone antagonist. Both S3c-transfected cell lines grew in soft agar after stable transfection with S3c, however neither S3c-transfected cell line was tumorigenic in severe-combined immunodeficient mice. We conclude, based on our findings, that persistently-activated STAT3 is an important molecular marker of prostate cancer, which develops in formerly benign prostate cells and changes their phenotype to one more closely resembling transformed prostate cells. That the S3c-transfected cell lines require the continued expression of S3c demonstrates that a significant phenotypic change occurred in the cells. These conclusions are based on our data with respect to loss of growth factor requirement, loss of androgen response, gain of growth in soft agar, and changes in RAR subunit expression, all of which are consistent with a malignant phenotype in prostate cancer. However, an additional genetic change may be required for S3c-transfected prostate cells to become tumorigenic.
Differences in Learning Disabled and Average Students' Classroom Behaviors

The regular classroom behaviors of learning disabled and average fourth-and fifth-grade males were observed for an average of 80 minutes per student. Multiple-regression and discriminant-analysis procedures were used to ascertain which behaviors best discriminated among the two subject groups. A multiple regression revealed 11 behaviors, accounting for 71% of the variance. Separate discriminant analyses were run on child behaviors, teacher behaviors, and child and teacher behaviors combined. Only the teacher behaviors and the combination of child and teacher behaviors produced significant results. No child behaviors were found to discriminate between the two groups. Implications are drawn for assessment of learning disabled students.
Glucocorticoid-mediated alteration of fluidity of brush border membrane in rat small intestine.

ABSTRACT. The normal biophysical properties of the maturing mammalian enterocyte membrane are poorly understood. While the effects of glucocorticoids on maturation of intestinal enzyme function has been intensively investigated, their effects on membrane biophysical properties are not known. We used l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene as a probe in fluorescence anisotropy studies to determine the fluidity of rat brush border membrane. Maturational changes and the effects of glucocorticoids administered antenatally or postnatally were determined. Fluorescence anisotropy values for l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene in mature brush border membranes were higher than those values in membranes obtained from younger animals reflecting a less fluid membrane. Glucocorticoids administered to suckling rats increased the anisotropy values of l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene in the membranes compared to saline-administered littermates. The anisotropy of intestinal brush border membrane was also increased in fetal rats whose mothers received dexamethasone. These alterations may relate to protein-binding properties and permeability characteristics of the enterocyte membrane.
A heterotic multi-monopole solution

Abstract An exact multi-monopole solution of heterotic string theory is presented. The solution is constructed by a modification of the 't Hooft ansatz for a four-dimensional instanton. An analogous solution in Yang-Mills field theory saturates a Bogomoln'yi bound and possesses the topology and far-field limit of a multi-monopole configuration, but has divergent action near each source. In the string solution, however, the divergences from the Yang-Mills sector are precisely cancelled by those from the gravity sector. The resultant action is finite and easily computed. The Manton metric on moduli space for the scattering of two string monopoles is found to be flat to leading order in the impact parameter, in agreement with the trivial scattering predicted by a test monopole calculation.
A composite scoring of genotypes discriminates coronary heart disease risk beyond conventional risk factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Background and aims Using a genetic predisposition score (GPS), integrating the additive associations of a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CHD, we examined the consequences of the joint presence of a high GPS and conventional risk factors (CRFs).
KINEMATICS AND TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPRESSIVE STRUCTURES WITHIN THE COAST PLUTONIC COMPLEX, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Abstract Structural data from the Coast Plutonic Complex, near Prince Rupert, British Columbia, are consistent with a deformational history dominated by dextral transpression from Campanian to Paleocene time. Penetrative east-side-up, southwest-directed, ductile shearing produced moderately northeast-plunging overturned kilometer-scale isoclinal folds. These folds are dextrally sheared and refolded into kilometer-scale upright northwest-plunging folds and steeply dipping transposed foliations with moderate to shallow northwest-plunging lineations along their western side. An east-side-up component to the transcurrent shearing is kinematically compatible with east-side-up shearing found within the Great Tonalite Sill. Kinematic and geometric gradients and the spatial distribution of the finite stretching direction are interpreted to result from partitioning of transpression. The location of these structures and overprinting relationships suggest the Great Tonalite Sill intruded late-kinematically into a crustal-scale dextral transpressive shear zone. These results indicate this shear zone could form part of the Baja-B.C. fault system that would have accommodated large northward displacements of the terranes making up western British Columbia and southeast Alaska. This conclusion is based on: (1) It is favorably located to accommodate the proposed displacements; (2) Deformation occurred during the time period of proposed large displacement (83–59 Ma); (3) The 15-km thickness of the shear zone indicates it records large displacements.
MODELING OF A NONISOTHERMAL FLOW WITH REGARD FOR THE DEPENDENCE OF PLASTIC PROPERTIES ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF A MATERIAL

UDC 539.3 On the basis of experimental data for 35KhМА steel, we have generalized the unified Bodner–Partom model of flow to take into account the influence of the phase composition of the material on its plastic properties. To determine parameters responsible for the yield strength and ultimate strength of the steel in the multiphase state, the rule of mixtures has been used. The reliability of the developed model has been confirmed by comparing with experimental data and results of other authors.
Exact Confidence Bounds for all Contrasts of Three or More Regression Lines

Abstract It is desired to compare κ ≥ 3 treatments. Under the assumption of iid normal errors, it is well known that the Scheffe method produces exact simultaneous confidence bounds for all contrasts of the treatment means. Furthermore, it is known that the Scheffe method is conservative when one desires confidence bounds for a specific subset of contrasts of means. Exact methods, such as those due to Tukey and Dunnett, yield tighter bounds than the Scheffe method for specific subsets of contrasts of means. In this article, multiple comparisons of the κ treatments are done not in terms of their means, but rather in terms of a parametric function. The parametric function of interest is the simple linear regression model, E(Y|x). It is desired to find simultaneous confidence bounds for all contrasts of the κ simple linear regression models. Although the Scheffe method can be used to find such bounds, this is extremely conservative. The union-intersection method is used to develop simultaneous confidence bou...
Predictions of verbal episodic memory in persons with Alzheimer's disease

This study examined awareness of memory problems and memory self-monitoring abilities in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants were 20 individuals with AD and 20 older adult controls. A global performance-prediction paradigm, which required participants to predict the number of words they would remember both prior to and after completing a list-learning memory task, was used as the online assessment measure. Offline assessment of memory involved contrasting self-ratings provided by participants about the frequency of everyday memory failures with ratings from knowledgeable informants. As expected, participants with AD demonstrated poorer recall for the word list than did controls. Participants with AD were also less accurate than controls in their preexperience memory predictions, and findings from the offline assessment method similarly revealed that the AD group overestimated their everyday memory abilities. Despite showing impaired understanding of personal memory ability, the AD group successfully modified their postexperience memory predictions so that they were more accurate following task exposure, demonstrating accurate memory self-monitoring abilities. These findings highlight the complex and multidimensional nature of metamemory. The findings further suggest that while AD patients appear able to immediately benefit from task experience, they have difficulty creating lasting awareness of memory abilities.
In vitro 3-D culture model of tumor cell compression

Recently, research has begun to focus on the effects of forces from the tumor expanding against native tissue. The effect of tumor growth in such an environment has been implicated in tumor latency and metastasis. Thus, there is a need for a cost-effective in vitro research tool that applies compression to model solid stress in the tumor environment and is compatible with live cell microscopy. The device will apply deformation to a 3-D gel in a chambered cover glass slide over a range of strains (10–50%). The device must also be biocompatible and stable in cell culture environments. In addition, it must have an unobstructed light path and fit within the specified microscope. A prototype is currently being fabricated and cytotoxicity is being evaluated.
DRAINAGE EVALUATION AT THE U.S. 50 JOINT SEALANT EXPERIMENT

This paper presents an investigation of the subsurface drainage features of the test pavement at the U.S. 50 joint sealant experiment near Athens, Ohio. The concrete pavement incorporates a 100 mm (4 in.) thick open-graded base, whose drainage capabilities are assessed using the software DRIP 2.0, distributed by the Federal Highway Administration. It is found that the specified base thickness and permeability combination do not meet federal guidelines, evidently because no design calculations had been performed prior to construction. A field inspection of the test pavement drainage features revealed that these had received very scant to no maintenance. Drainage outlets were unmarked, overgrown by vegetation, difficult to find or sometimes missing, often clogged, and occasionally damaged. A literature review indicated that such problems are endemic in many states and point to an under appreciation of proper drainage in concrete pavements.
DP1: supervised and unsupervised clustering

This paper presents Dp1, an incremental clustering algorithm that accepts a description of the expected performance task — the goal of learning — and uses that description to alter its learning bias. With different goals DP1 addresses a wide range of empirical learning tasks from supervised to unsupervised learning. At one extreme, DP1 performs the same task as does ID3, and at the other, it performs the same task as does Cobweb.