cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced order unsteady aerodynamic modeling for stability and control analysis using computational fluid dynamics

Abstract Recent advances and challenges in the generation of reduced order aerodynamic models using computational fluid dynamics are presented. The models reviewed are those that can be used for aircraft stability and control analysis and include linear and nonlinear indicial response methods, Volterra theory, radial basis functions, and a surrogate-based recurrence framework. The challenges associated with identification of unknowns for each of the reduced order methods are addressed. A range of test cases, from airfoils to full aircraft, have been used to evaluate and validate the reduced order methods. The motions have different amplitudes and reduced frequencies and could start from different flight conditions including those in the transonic speed range. Overall, these reduced order models help to produce accurate predictions for a wide range of motions, but with the advantage that model predictions require orders of magnitude less time to evaluate once the model is created.
Molecular orbital studies of Al2F6 and Al2Cl6 using a minimal basis set

Ab initio minimal basis LCAO-SCF molecular orbital (MO) calculations were carried out on various structures of the AlF/sub 3/ and AlCl/sub 3/ dimers. A bridged D/sub 2h/ structure is found to be the most stable of the structures investigated for Al/sub 2/F/sub 6/. A similar structure was obtained for Al/sub 2/Cl/sub 6/ in agreement with the experimental evidence. 15 references.
THE SHELF-LIFE EXTENSION OF HADDOCK IN CARBON DIOXIDE-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES WITH AND WITHOUT POTASSIUM SORBATE

Fresh haddock, whole fish or fillets, treated or not with various potassium sorbate dips, were sealed in gas impermeable bags containing gas atmospheres of 60% CO2, 20% O2 and 20% N2, air or vacuum, stored on ice in insulated AIRBOX containers at 0°C and subsequently assessed using the Torry freshness scale after 11 to 18 days storage. The trends in the data suggested higher freshness scores for gas and gas plus dip compared with the air and vacuum packs. The dip alone was not effective. It was important to maintain the fish at 0° C.
Analytical model for nanoscale viscoelastic properties characterization using dynamic nanoindentation

In the last few decades, nanoindentation has gained widespread acceptance as a technique for materials properties characterization at micron and submicron length scales. Accurate and precise characterization of material properties with a nanoindenter is critically dependent on the ability to correctly model the response of the test equipment in contact with the material. In dynamic nanoindention analysis, a simple Kelvin–Voigt model is commonly used to capture the viscoelastic response. However, this model oversimplifies the response of real viscoelastic materials such as polymers. A model is developed that captures the dynamic nanoindentation response of a viscoelastic material. Indenter tip-sample contact forces are modelled using a generalized Maxwell model. The results on a silicon elastomer were analysed using conventional two element Kelvin–Voigt model and contrasted to analysis done using the Maxwell model. The results show that conventional Kelvin–Voigt model overestimates the storage modulus of t...
Microvascular repair of heminasal, subtotal, and total nasal defects with a folded radial forearm flap and a full-thickness forehead flap.

Background:The site, size, and depth of tissue loss, irradiation, or composite injury to adjacent cheek and lip may make local tissues inadequate or unavailable for the repair of major nasal defects.Methods:In 13 patients, a single, folded, horizontal radial forearm flap was used to line the vault a
Comparison of 3D and 2D breast density estimation from synthetic ultrasound tomography images and digital mammograms of anthropomorphic software breast phantoms

Breast density descriptors were estimated from ultrasound tomography (UST) and digital mammogram (DM) images of 46 anthropomorphic software breast phantoms. Each phantom simulated a 450 ml or 700 ml breast with volumetric percent density (PD) values between 10% and 50%. The UST based volumetric breast density (VBD) estimates were calculated by thresholding the reconstructed UST images. Percent density (PD) values from DM images were estimated interactively by a clinical breast radiologist using Cumulus software. Such obtained UST VBD and Cumulus PD estimates were compared with the ground truth VBD values available from phantoms. The UST VBD values showed a high correlation with the ground truth, as evidenced by the Pearson correlation coefficient of r=0.93. The Cumulus PD values also showed a high correlation with the ground truth (r=0.84), as well as with the UST VBD values (r=0.78). The consistency in measuring the UST VBD and Cumulus PD values was analyzed using the standard error of the estimation by linear regression (σ E ). The σ E value for Cumulus PD was 1.5 times higher compared to the UST VBD (6.54 vs. 4.21). The σ E calculated from two repeated Cumulus estimation sessions (σ E =4.66) was comparable with the UST. Potential sources of the observed errors in density measurement are the use of global thresholding and (for Cumulus) the human observer variability. This preliminary study of simulated phantom UST images showed promise for non-invasive estimation of breast density.
Feasibility of automating printed circuit board assembly using artificial neural networks

In this study automation of circuit board assembly process is considered using artificial neural networks with knowledge based systems. Basic issues of achieving intelligent conirol that can adopt to changing conditions of assembly process are discussed. The feasibility of using neural networks for pattern recognition and optimum kit insertion sequence generation is examined. The study provides a basic foundation for designing a conceptual architecture for adaptive intelligent control of circuit board assembly. Component recognition section of the architecture is tested using an ART network based on real time images and promising results are obtained. 1.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Study of human forearm posture maintenance with a physiologically based robotic arm and spinal level neural controller

The goals of this research are: (1) to apply knowledge of human neuro-musculo-skeletal motion control to a biomechanically designed, neural controlled, ‘anthroform’ robotic arm system, (2) to demonstrate that such a system is capable of responses that match those of the human arm reasonably well in comparable experiments, and (3) to utilize the anthroform arm system to study some controversial issues and to predict new phenomena of the human motion control system. A physiologically analogous artificial neural network controller and an anatomically accurate robotic testing elbow are applied in this study. In order to build the physical elbow system to have mechanical properties as close as possible to the human arm, McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, force sensors, and mechanical muscle spindles are integrated in the system with anatomically accurate muscle attachment points. A physiologically analogous, artificial neural network controller is used to emulate the behavior of spinal segmental reflex circuitry including Ia and Ib afferent feedbacks. Systematic experiments of elbow posture maintenance are performed and compared with physiological experimental data. New experiments are performed in which responses to torque perturbation are measured when selected afferent pathways are blocked. A ‘covariance diagram’ is introduced. And a linear model is used to help to analyze the roles of system components. The results show that muscle co-contraction and Ia afference with gamma dynamic motoneuron excitation are two efficient ways to increase joint stiffness and damping, which in turn reduces the mechanical sensitivity of the joint to external perturbation and shortens the settling time of the system.
Pheromone source location by flying moths: a supplementary non-anemotactic mechanism.

After the wind was stopped in an insect flight tunnel, male oriental fruit moths continued to fly in zigzag fashion along a stationary pheromone plume. Their lateral excursions from the time-averaged pheromone plume were no greater without wind than in wind of 38 centimeters per second. When the pheromone plume was removed and the wind stopped, males initiated wider track reversals when they reached the pheromone-free area in still air than they had made while in the pheromone plume. This non-anemotactic mechanism of maintaining plume contact—possibly a special kind of klinotaxis—when coupled with the orthokinetic retinal velocity of apparent ground pattern motion, allowed males to reach the pheromone source area from 1 to 2 meters away without wind.
Testicular function following bone marrow transplantation performed during or after puberty

Testicular function was assessed in eight males who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) during or shortly after puberty. Their ages ranged between 10 years, 10 months and 17 years, 3 months (median, 13 years, 7 months) at the time of BMT, and they were followed 13 to 77 months (median, 36 months) posttransplantation. Therapy for BMT consisted of high-dose, short-term chemotherapy either alone (Group I) or in combination with single-dose irradiation, total lymphoid (Group II) or total body (Group III). Subjects in Group III had all received combination chemotherapy prior to BMT. Hormonal and clinical evidence of germ-cell dysfunction was common in that 6 patients manifested elevated plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and four subjects were found to have a subnormal testicular volume. Of the six patients with abnormal FSH values, four were followed serially, and all showed normalization over time. Leydig cell function was less impaired in that seven of the eight patients produced normal adult male levels of testosterone, including three subjects with elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. All eight developed normal adult male secondary sexual characteristics. It is concluded that the therapy utilized for BMT causes damage primarily to germinal epithelium which appears amenable to recovery. This may be due, in part, to the use of single dose rather than fractionated radiation.
Spatial Fourier Transform (SFT) for Robust Detection of Mitochondrial Depolarization in Ischemic Myocardium

Mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ) loss is a critical event during myocardial ischemia. Potentiometric dye TMRM accumulates inside well-polarized mitochondria and is used as an ΔΨ indicator. However, during no-flow ischemia (NF-ISCH) total TMRM fluorescence may remain unchanged despite ΔΨ loss. We sought to improve detection of ΔΨ loss during NF-ISCH using SFT. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n=8) were stained with TMRM (400 nM). Motion was abolished by Blebbistatin (5 μM). TMRM fluorescence was recorded confocally from left ventricular subepicardium (0.5μm/pixel, 20x objective lens) in control, while perfusing mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP (5 μM), and after 65±15 min of NF-ISCH. In control SFT revealed distinct peaks (MITO-PEAKs) at spatial frequency of 2.37±0.06 μm−1 along the longitudinal axis of myocytes (Figure), possibly related to the sarcomere length. MITO-PEAKs were greatly depressed after FCCP (not shown) and NF-ISCH (Figure). Normalized spectral power under MITO-PEAKs was significantly different between control and FCCP (p=0.019), and control and NF-ISCH (p=0.016). In contrast, total TMRM brightness failed to reveal significant difference (control vs. FCCP, p = 0.077; control vs. NF-ISCH, p=0.678). Thus, analysis of MITO-PEAKs in SFT spectrum provides a robust method for detecting ΔΨ loss in ischemic myocardium.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Clinical and Enzymatic Variation in G M1 Gangliosidosis

One patient presented at 3 months with Hurler facies, hepatomegaly, hypotonia, developmental retardation, lumbar beaking, and normal urinary mucopolysaccharides. The second patient presented at 23 months with progressive psychomotor deterioration, spasticity, lumar beaking, but no hurler features, organomegaly or mucopolysacchariduria. B-galactosidasc activity was virtually absent in WBC and fibroblasts in both patients. Biopsied liver tissue showed striking morphologic and enzymatic differences. the early onset liver was enlarged, firm, and histologically showed marked vacuolozation of most hepatocytes. The late onset liver was normal grossly and histologically. B-galactosidasc activities were measured and expressed as nmoles of p-nitropheny-B-D-galactopyranoside hydrolyzed/min/mg protein. Enzyme activity in normal livers showed a pH optimum of 4.0–4.5, while the pH optimum was 6.5 in both patients. Activity at pH 6.5 was strikingly clevated in the late onset case (21.8) while the early onset patients (1.5) was below normal (2.0–5.2). Starch gelelectrophoresis of normal liver showed one fast and two slow isozymes. In both patients only a single rapidly moving isozyme was visualized. These patients despite distinctly different clinical phenotypes showed similar pH optima and isozymic patterns implying a similar gene mutation. We are currently studying the possibility that differences in visceral storage in the early and late GM1 gangliosidoses may be related to the activity of the pH 6.5 isozyme.
Nitrogen response of no‐till corn in first and second years following conservation reserve program

Abstract A considerable amount of land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has been and will be returned to row crop production. It is difficult to predict how to manage nitrogen (N) fertilizer for these row crops, since there are plausible reasons to expect either substantial N immobilization or substantial N mineralization due to the effects of CRP enrollment. Our objective was to characterize corn (Zea mays L.) yield response to N following CRP in order to develop N management recommendations. Corn was planted either directly into killed CRP sod (CRP‐corn) or following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that had been planted into killed CRP sod (CRP‐SB‐corn)‐ We applied a range of N rates and determined the economically optimum N rate from the yield response data. In both years of the study, the optimum N rate for CRP‐corn was much higher (181 and 230 lb N acre‐1 in 1996 and 1997, respectively) than theoptimum N rate for CRP‐SB‐corn(108 and 113 lb Nacre‐1 in 1996 and 1997, respectively). C...
A bound for the spectral radius of a matrix

Bound for spectral radius of matrix derived by constructing integral equation with degenerate kernel
Isomorphic Pressures, Peripheral Product Attributes and Emerging Market Firm Export Performance

Drawing upon the neo-institutional theory of mimetic isomorphism and the concept of the extended product, we identify and empirically evaluate two potential product strategies that emerging market firms (EMFs) may use to improve their export performance while also addressing the financial, managerial expertise, and international experience limitations that they frequently face. Hierarchical regression is used to test our proposed peripheral product adaptation strategies on a unique dataset of 106 Chinese and Romanian exporters. We find that EMFs that change either of two visible peripheral product attributes (the brand name or the packaging) to conform to local market norms, on average, are more satisfied with their export performance than those that pursue other strategies. Our results also suggest that changing the brand name to conform to local market norms has more than twice the impact on EMF performance than does changing the packaging. Consistent with the tenets of neo-institutional theory, EMFs managers may be able to improve their firms’ export performance by changing the peripheral attributes of their products to conform to local market norms.
Effects of Dietary Fat and Yeast Culture Supplementation on Total Tract Digestibility by Horses

Abstract The effects of different dietary fats on apparent total tract digestibility in growing horses were examined using an incomplete Latin square design in Exp 1. Four yearling horses — 2 fillies and 2 — were fed a completely pelleted diet containing different types of fat: no supplemental fat (control); 10% hydrogenated fat; or 10% soybean oil (SO). Horses consuming the control treatment had greater (P 0.05) in nutrient digestibility of treatments containing YC compared with no YC. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between fat supplementation and YC supplementation. No effects of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient digestibility were noted when high-fat or low-fat diets were fed.
Comparison of bacterial communities in sands and water at beaches with bacterial water quality violations

Recreational water quality, as measured by culturable fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), may be influenced by persistent populations of these bacteria in local sands or wrack, in addition to varied fecal inputs from human and/or animal sources. In this study, pyrosequencing was used to generate short sequence tags of the 16S hypervariable region ribosomal DNA from shallow water samples and from sand samples collected at the high tide line and at the intertidal water line at sites with and without FIB exceedance events. These data were used to examine the sand and water bacterial communities to assess the similarity between samples, and to determine the impact of water quality exceedance events on the community composition. Sequences belonging to a group of bacteria previously identified as alternative fecal indicators were also analyzed in relationship to water quality violation events. We found that sand and water samples hosted distinctly different overall bacterial communities, and there was greater similarity in the community composition between coastal water samples from two distant sites. The dissimilarity between high tide and intertidal sand bacterial communities, although more similar to each other than to water, corresponded to greater tidal range between the samples. Within the group of alternative fecal indicators greater similarity was observed within sand and water from the same site, likely reflecting the anthropogenic contribution at each beach. This study supports the growing evidence that community-based molecular tools can be leveraged to identify the sources and potential impact of fecal pollution in the environment, and furthermore suggests that a more diverse bacterial community in beach sand and water may reflect a less contaminated site and better water quality.
On the Home Front: The Cold War Legacy of the Hanford Nuclear Site

"Really the first history of the bureaucratic and institutional development of atomic weaponry and power [and] how these are embedded in the larger public and national sphere ...not only an important scientific story but an important political, national, and human story." - Peter Gould, author of "Fire in the Rain: The Democratic Consequences of Chernobyl". "[Gerber's] skill in reconstructing the story of Hanford's environmental ravages has given us a book that can both alarm and instruct." - "Journal of American History". "[Declassified documents] reveal a five-decade pattern of environmental insult that is breathtaking in its scope and pervasiveness...The story [Gerber] tells grips us: the sticky web of strategic choices involving Hanford and its purposes has ensnared every inhabitant ...of the Pacific Northwest for more than half a century." - "Oregon Historical Quarterly". "Although [Gerber] eschews sweeping conclusions for the most part, the evidence she assembles establishes a damning indictment of AEC [Atomic Energy Commission] management. This is a notable achievement." - "Pacific Historical Review". "A welcome contribution to the growing historiography of the Cold War." - "American Historical Review". "Offers insights that were previously unavailable to the public." - "Environmental History Review". The Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state produced plutonium for the atomic bombs that effectively ended World War II. Here is the story of Hanford, made possible by the declassification in the 1980s of tens of thousands of government documents relating to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the site. In a new epilogue for this Bison Books edition, the author takes the Hanford story into the 1990s.
Oxygen diffusion in MgO and α-Fe2O3

Oxygen-diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of MgO and α-Fe2O3 by exchanging the samples with 18O enriched gas at 1 atm and measuring 18O profiles using a proton activation technique. For MgO, in the temperature range 1580 to 1820 K, the diffusion coefficient is represented by:
Idiopathic or connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A case of HRCT mimicry

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) induces overwhelming morbidity and kills more patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) than any other CTD-related manifestation.1–5 Because of this, there is a keen and growing interest in the rheumatology and pulmonary communities to identify prognostic variables for CTD-associated ILD (CTD-ILD). Treatment options for patients with ILD, idiopathic as well as those associated with CTD-ILD are limited. Determining prognosis is important, especially when considering therapeutic options such as lung transplantation as well as monitoring response to therapy. High-resolution CT (HRCT) plays a central role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ILDs.6 Furthermore, features such as honeycombing and severity of fibrosis can both serve as diagnostic surrogates for surgical lung biopsy as well as predict the risk of subsequent mortality for patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP).7–9 Less is published regarding the prognostic characteristics of features seen on HRCT in patients with CTD-ILD; diseases that often have a better prognosis compared with patients with IIP10 ,11 and where surgical lung biopsy is less often performed. Walsh et al 12 evaluated the ability of radiographic and pulmonary function characteristics to predict subsequent prognosis in patients with CTD-ILD. They included a relatively large and diverse study population consisting of 168 patients with a variety of CTDs such as rheumatoid arthritis (n=39), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (n=32), mixed CTD (n=33), polymositis (n=33), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=17) and Sjogren's disease (n=14). Fifty-one patients had surgical lung biopsy available for evaluation. The …
The Cultural Space of Modernity: Ethnic Tourism and Place Identity in China

In this paper, the relationship between the political economy of tourism and ethnic cultural revival in southwest China is explored. It is suggested that cultural revival is a process of ‘place creation’ whereby identities may be consciously localized as a strategy for engaging structures of political economy which link local actors with broader geographical frameworks and more distant sources of power. Approaching the intersections between tourism and local cultural construction in this way reveals the inadequacy of Marxist analysis in theorizing the spatial relationship between political economy and culture. The theoretical argument has several prongs: (1) the local does not exist as an oppositional reality to the global, but rather constitutes a dynamic cultural negotiation with the changing structures of political economy, a negotiation in which dominant structures are mediated by individual agency; (2) ‘modernization’ is thus as much cultural as it is economic; (3) the traditional ‘space of places’, ...
Feline cystic rete ovarii.

Cysts of the rete ovarii system from 20 cats are described. The cellular morphology of these cysts varies because the normal rete ovarii in the cat consists of three anatomically distinct parts. Cysts arise in the ovarian medulla or at the tubal extremity of the ovary, expand into ovarian stroma rather than the mesovarium , and are lined by ciliated columnar to flattened epithelium. Their functional significance is unknown.
A Numerical Study of the Size and Rate Effects on the Mechanical Response of Single Crystal Diamond and UNCD Films

To better understand the mechanical response of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) and its grain boundary mechanism, a numerical study is performed of the specimen size and rate effects on the mec...
Analysis of Subgroup Data of Clinical Trials

Large randomized controlled clinical trials are the gold standard to evaluate and compare the effects of treatments. It is common practice for investigators to explore and even attempt to compare treatments, beyond the first round of primary analyses, for various subsets of the study populations based on scientific or clinical interests to take advantage of the potentially rich information contained in the clinical database. Although subjects are randomized to treatment groups in clinical trials, this does not imply the same degree of randomizationamong sub-populations of the original trials. Therefore, comparisons of treatments in sub-populations may not produce fair and unbiased results without properly addressing this issue. Covariate adjustments in regression analysis and propensity score matching are commonly used to address the non-randomized nature of the sub-populations issue with various degrees of success. However, further improvements to these methods are still possible. In this article, we propose an analysis strategy that shows improvement to conventional methods. Treatment effects and their differences are estimated after adjustment for background imbalances. Treatment groups are then compared using confidence intervals whose limits are determined using the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation. Data from a recent clinical trial are used to illustrate the methodology.
Hotel brand personality and brand quality

Hotel brand quality itself may not guarantee to increase hotel brand value and loyalty, but the combination between brand quality and brand personality will be significantly associated with brand v...
A Feedback Algorithm for Determining Search Parameters for Monte Carlo Optimization

Monte Carlo methods have become popular for obtaining solutions to global optimization problems. One such Monte Carlo optimization technique is simulated annealing (SA). Typically in SA the parameters of the search are determineda priori. Using an aggregated, orlumped, version of SA's associated Markov chain and the concept of expected hitting time, we adjust the search parameters dynamically using information gained from the SA search process. We present an algorithm that varies the SA search parameters dynamically, and show that, on average, dynamic adjustment of the parameters attains better solutions on a set of test problems than those attained with a logarithmic cooling schedule.
Transient homonymous hemianopia and positive visual phenomena in nonketotic hyperglycemic patients

Abstract Purpose To report a case of a transient homonymous hemianopia in a patient with nonketotic hyperglycemia with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Design Case report. Method A 72-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was referred to the neuro-ophthalmology service with hyperglycemia and multiple visual complaints. Results The patient was found to have a dense left homonymous hemianopia on examination. An MRI scan of the brain was negative for a lesion affecting the visual pathways. Resolution of the homonymous hemianopia and the patient's symptoms came with normalization of her blood glucose levels. Conclusion Nonketotic hyperglycemia is an important diagnostic consideration in patients who present with homonymous visual field defects but have negative neuroimaging studies.
Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle. A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation.

Available models of circus movement reentry in cardiac muscle and of drug action on reentrant arrhythmias are based on continuous medium theory, which depends solely on the membrane ionic conductances to alter propagation. The purpose of this study is to show that the anisotropic passive properties at a microscopic level highly determine the propagation response to modification of the sodium conductance by premature action potentials and by sodium channel-blocking drugs. In young, uniform anisotropic atrial bundles, propagation of progressively earlier premature action potentials continued as a smooth process until propagation ceased simultaneously in all directions. In older, nonuniform anisotropic bundles, however, premature action potentials produced either unidirectional longitudinal conduction block or a dissociated zigzag type of longitudinal conduction (a safer type of propagation, similar to transverse propagation). Directional differences in the velocity of premature action potentials demonstrated that anisotropic propagation was necessary for a reentrant circuit to be contained within an area of 50 mm2, even with very short refractory periods. Quinidine produced Wenckebach periodicity, which disappeared after acetylcholine shortened the action potential. Quinidine also produced use-dependent dissociated zigzag longitudinal conduction in the older, nonuniform anisotropic bundles but not in the young, uniform anisotropic bundles. The electrophysiological consequence was that propagation events differed in an age-related manner in response to the same modification of the sodium conductance. The electrical events at microscopic level showed that conditions leading to obliteration of side-to-side electrical coupling between fibers (e.g., aging and chronic hypertrophy) provide a primary mechanism for reentry to occur within very small areas (1-2 mm) due to a variety of propagation phenomena that do not occur in tissues with tight electrical coupling in all directions.
mPlane: an architecture for scalable fault localization

Customers are increasingly demanding service-level guarantees from ISPs. Unfortunately, ISPs today have limited ability to measure and monitor their own networks. ISPs use active probes for monitoring network health and use tomographic approaches to localize any end-to-end problems observed, which are typically postulated as underconstrained problems, and hence, often limited in accuracy. Active probes are also fundamentally unscalable; operators cannot afford to inject them at high frequencies. We present an architecture, mPlane, that addresses these problems. The key idea in mPlane is to break paths into segments consisting of router forwarding paths and links, and conduct measurements on a per-segment basis. Node measurements are obtained through scalable high-fidelity hardware primitives, while the link measurements are conducted using segment-level active probes at low frequencies. Unfortunately, upgrading all routers with these primitives faces significant deployment hurdles; we propose an incremental deployment strategy that picks the most important routers to upgrade. Our simulations with RocketFuel topologies indicate a partial deployment on 15% of an ISP's routers can yield two orders of magnitude decrease in measurement overhead, and reduce the average localization granularity from 4 hops to about 1.5.
A geopolitics of drinking: Debating the place of alcohol in early republican Turkey

Abstract Following contemporary shifts in geopolitical scholarship that interrogate perspectives on identity, culture, and everyday life, this article confronts contestations over the place of alcohol in early republican Turkey. Debated today in terms that mirror the headscarf question, our study establishes a basis for scrutinizing this topic by focusing on the nation-state's first deliberations over prohibition, transpiring in the first session of the Grand National Assembly. Like the current push to intensify regulation of alcohol, 1920s prohibitionism brought together an array of narratives that included but also exceeded Islamism. In particular, progressive public health advocates provided crucial support for the narrow passage of a prohibition law that lasted until Kemalists consolidated their rule. Amid this discourse, competing players interpreted differently the ongoing American prohibition experience and deployed conflicting narratives to bolster their positions. Relying upon proceedings from the early parliament and other primary sources, this article about the place of alcohol contributes both to analyses of ongoing affairs within Turkey and to progressive geopolitical engagements with matters of governance and public space, regulation and prohibition, public health, and secular-religious rivalries.
Nanomagnet Logic (NML)

We describe the background and evolution of our work on magnetic implementations of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA), first called Magnetic QCA (MQCA), and now known as Nanomagnet Logic (NML).
Newton’s Method for the Computation of k-Eigenvalues in SN Transport Applications

Recently, Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) methods have been used to solve the k-eigenvalue problem in diffusion and transport theories. We propose an improvement to Newton’s method (NM) for solv...
The effect of water deprivation on shock-escape impairment after exposure to inescapable shock

Water deprivation during inescapable shock exposure and a shuttle escape test 24 hours later (Experiment 1), during shuttle escape training only (Experiment 2), or during inescapable shock exposure only (Experiment 3a), ameliorated the shock-escape impairment normally seen following exposure to inescapable shock. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 could be attributed to increased activity produced by water deprivation during the shuttlebox test. However, the results of Experiment 3a suggest that water deprivation during inescapable shock exposure can eliminate the shock-escape impairment in a shuttlebox test 24 hours later. These results are discussed in relation to the motivational deficit predicted by learned helplessness theory.
Teach for America's Preferential Treatment: School District Contracts, Hiring Decisions, and Employment Practices.

Teach For America (TFA) began in 1990 as an organization purportedly interested in working towards ameliorating a national teacher shortage by sending its corps members into urban and rural schools. In the decades that followed, especially during and immediately following a nationwide onslaught of teacher layoffs instigated by the 2008 Great Recession, teaching shortages no longer exist in many of the districts TFA continues to place corps members. In response to growing criticism, TFA has altered its public rhetoric, suggesting now that their “corps members” are better than traditionally trained teachers – including veteran teachers – and are hired only through equal hiring processes rather than being afforded preferential treatment. We analyze Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) between TFA and regional school districts, TFA’s official literature, and public discourse to address the degree to which TFA is privileged in hiring practices. We provide evidence that school districts are contractually obligated to reserve and protect positions exclusively for corps members, jobs held by corps members are not a result of equal and open competition, corps member positions are specifically not limited to “so-called shortage areas,” and TFA’s partnership with charter schools and alumni of the organization have skewed hiring practices in favor of TFA over non-TFA teachers.
On optimal sensor collaboration for distributed estimation with individual power constraints

In the context of distributed estimation, we study the problem of sensor collaboration with individual power constraints, where sensor collaboration refers to the act of sharing measurements with neighboring sensors prior to transmission to a fusion center. In order to find the optimal collaboration strategy consisting of collaboration topology and power allocation scheme, we propose a non-convex formulation in which the estimation distortion is minimized subject to individual power constraints. By exploiting the problem structure, locally optimal collaboration strategies are found via bilinear relaxations and a convex-concave procedure. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Pale green lethal disorder in apple (Malus) is caused by a mutation in the PHYLLO gene which is essential for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) biosynthesis

Pale green lethal (PGL) is a recessive genetic disorder of apple (Malus) characterized by severe chlorophyll deficiency and seedling lethality. Following germination, seedlings cannot photosynthesize and do not survive beyond the cotyledon stage. PGL carriers are prevalent in cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) germplasm, and a cross between two heterozygotes results in 25 % lethality. This high mortality rate represents a significant loss of time, resources, and effort. It also causes segregation distortion which complicates genetic analysis of linked traits. We mapped PGL to the top of Linkage Group 16. Using a combination of genetic and biochemical methods, we identified the apple ortholog of PHYLLO (MdPHYLLO) as the gene responsible for PGL disorder. PHYLLO encodes a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes key steps in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). PGL seedlings do not produce phylloquinone yet can be kept alive and healthy through exogenous application of phylloquinone. The PGL allele of MdPHYLLO contains a mutation that alters a highly conserved amino acid in one of the protein’s enzymatic modules. This mutation is present in all PGL carriers tested and absent from all non-carriers. Reasons why the PGL allele of MdPHYLLO is so widespread in cultivated apple are discussed.
Rx for Brand Consistency: Should Pharmaceutical Marketers Send Different Messages to Physician and Consumer Audiences?

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical marketers in the United States wrestle with an interesting dilemma: should they maintain similar advertising across their two target audiences—physicians and patients—or should they customize advertising for each? This study explores the relationship between advertising similarity and advertising effectiveness. It finds that similarity of advertising message strategy is unrelated to advertising effectiveness while advertising execution-similarity is negatively related. This pattern of effects holds even when patients are the drivers of brand choice. These findings reinforce the idea that advertising should be finely honed to target customers9 needs even when two different customers interact in brand choice.
The Relationship between Learning Style Preferences and Memory Strategy use in Adults

Deficits in working memory are pervasive, resistant to remediation and significantly impact a persons ability to perform activities of daily living. Internal strategies are effective for improving working memory. Learning style preferences may influence the use of various internal working memory strategies. This study compares the use of internal working memory strategies among four different learning style preferences; converger, diverger, assimilator and accommodator. A non-experimental group design was used to compare the use of internal working memory strategies and learning style preferences among 110 adults. There were some significant differences in the types of strategies used according to learning style preferences. Knowing the learning style preference of clients may help occupational therapists better tailor cognitive rehabilitation treatments to meet the client's needs.
Not All Diabetes in Infants is Type 1: A Case Report

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), defined as persistent hyperglycemia occurring in the first months of life, is a rare cause of hyperglycemia and is often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Numerous reports have shown that the successful transition from insulin to sulfonylurea agents can be achieved in up to 90% of patients with NDM. However, most of the reports pertain to infants; the literature is limited regarding treatment of adults with NDM. We present our experience with a patient with permanent NDM, initially misdiagnosed as T1DM, who subsequently was successfully transitioned to oral sulfonylurea therapy after 37 years of insulin dependence.
Design and Realization of Classroom-WLAN in Local Radio&TV University

Wireless LAN is applied worldly, there are many obvious advantages. This article introduces a scheme to build Wireless LAN in the radio and TV university.
Test results of drinking water quality in rural area of Qufu City

[Objective]To understand the drinking water quality in rural area of Qufu City,and to provide a scientific basis for relevant departments to improve the drinking water quality.[Methods]A total of 25 water supply points were selected as water sampling points,120 water samples were tested according to" Standard Test Method for Daily Drinking Water"( GB / T5750-2006).The resultsof wet and dry seasons were compared.[Results]Of 120 samples,91( 75. 83%) were qualified. The qualified rate of dry season,wet season,source water and tap water was 85. 00%,66. 67%,81. 67% and 75. 00%. The total bacterial count,total coliform count and total thermotolerant coliforms count were unqualified in test. [Conclusion]The main factor influencing rural drinking water is microbial indicator. The relevant departments are suggested to strengthen water purification and disinfection,to improve water quality and further strengthen the supervision and inspection.
Review of Patient Satisfaction Research to Improve Patient Surveys in Medical Imaging Departments

Patient satisfaction is important to health care facilities because a satisfied customer tends to return for additional services. Identifying the characteristics that increase patient satisfaction ...
Adaptive immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system.

Historically, the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered to be an immunologically privileged site within the body (Bailey et al., 2006; Galea et al. 2007; Engelhardt, 2008; Prendergast and Anderton, 2009). By definition, immunologically privileged sites, to include the brain, cornea, testis, and pregnant uterus, have a reduced/delayed ability to reject foreign tissue grafts compared to conventional sites within the body, such as skin (Streilein, 2003; Bailey et al., 2006; Carson et al., 2006; Mrass and Weninger, 2006; Kaplan and Niederkorn, 2007). In addition and conversely, tissue grafts prepared from immunologically privileged sites have increased survival, compared to tissue grafts prepared from conventional sites, when implanted at conventional sites (Streilein, 2003). The imune privilege of the CNS has been shown to be confined to the parenchyma, whereas the immune reactivity of the meninges and the ventricles, containing the choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the circumventricular organs, is similar to conventionalsites (Carson et al., 2006; Engelhardt, 2006; Galea et al., 2007). This confinement of the imm une privilege to the parenchyma has also been demonstrated for experimental influenza virus infection in which confinement of the infection to the brain parenchyma did not result in efficient immune system priming whereas infection of the CSF elicited a virus-specific immune response comparable to that of intranasal infection (Stevenson et al. 1997). An important functional aspect of immune privilege is that damage due to the immune response and inflammation is limited within sensitive organs containing cell types that regenerate poorly, such as neurons within the brain (Mrass and Weninger, 2006; Galea et al.. 2007; Kaplan and Niederkorn, 2007).
Sensor-level privacy for thermal cameras

As cameras turn ubiquitous, balancing privacy and utility becomes crucial. To achieve both, we enforce privacy at the sensor level, as incident photons are converted into an electrical signal and then digitized into image measurements. We present sensor protocols and accompanying algorithms that degrade facial information for thermal sensors, where there is usually a clear distinction between humans and the scene. By manipulating the sensor processes of gain, digitization, exposure time, and bias voltage, we are able to provide privacy during the actual image formation process and the original face data is never directly captured or stored. We show privacy-preserving thermal imaging applications such as temperature segmentation, night vision, gesture recognition and HDR imaging.
Stability in Simple Keynesian Models

There are many meanings of ‘stability’ but simple models need simple concepts. It would be inappropriate to burden an IS-LM model with a complicated theory of adjustment, but it is surprising that the simpler processes have not been more fully investigated. For policy measures initially disturb markets, and if the system is not at least imperfectly stable, in Hicks’s sense, it may make a difference to the effectiveness of policy which markets are initially disturbed.
Fritz Martini, Deutsche Literatur im bürgerlichen Realismus, 1848–1898: Stuttgart: Metzler, 1962. Pp. xvi, 908. DM 64.00; Forschungsbericht zur deutschen Literatur in der Zeit des Realismus. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1962. Pp. 89. DM 7. 50.

(1964). Fritz Martini, Deutsche Literatur im burgerlichen Realismus, 1848–1898. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 68-71.
Longitudinal analysis on human cervical tissue using optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Uterine cervical collagen fiber network is vital to the normal cervical function in pregnancy. Previously, we presented an orientation estimation method to enable dispersion analysis on a single axial slice of human cervical tissue obtained from the upper half of cervix using optical coherence tomography (OCT). How the collagen fiber network structure changes from the internal os (top of the cervix which meets the uterus) to external os (bottom of cervix which extends into the vagina), remains unknown due to depth penetration limitations of OCT. To establish a collagen fiber directionality “map” of the entire cervix, we imaged serial axial slices of human NP (n=11) and PG (n=2) cervical tissue obtained from the internal to external os using Institutional Review Board approved protocols at Columbia University Medical Center. Each slice was divided into four quadrants. In each quadrant, we stitched multiple overlapped OCT volumes and analyzed the en face images that were parallel to the surface. A pixel-wise directionality map was generated. We analyzed fiber trend by measuring the mean angles and quantified dispersion by calculating the standard deviation of the fiber direction over a region of 400 μm × 400 μm. For the initial four samples, our analysis confirms a circumferential fiber pattern in the outer region of slices at all depths. We found that the standard deviation close to internal os showed no significance to the standard deviation close to external os (p>0.05), indicating comparable dispersion.
Modeling Breast Cancer in Animals—Considerations for Prevention and Treatment Studies

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and despite extensive molecular and cellular research, the mortality rate remains high. Preclinical testing of new strategies to prevent emergence of invasive disease and to effectively treat the existing disease is dependent on appropriate in vivo models. The challenges with modeling breast cancer in animals include species differences in mammary gland development and sensitivity to carcinogens, as well as the molecular heterogeneity of human breast cancer. This chapter focuses on the plethora of animal models that have been developed in rodents including chemically induced protocols, transplantable and graft models, and transgenic and knockout approaches. Although no single model is suitable for all research purposes, genomic profiling has enabled the identification of rodent tumors that display molecular similarity to specific subtypes of human breast cancer. Practical aspects and key issues involved in choosing an animal model are discussed, along with the advantages and limitations of the most commonly utilized rodent models of breast cancer.