cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tras los rastros de Macondo: archivo, memoria e historia en Musa paradisiaca de José Alejandro Restrepo

This paper proposes a philosophical approach to Jose Alejandro Restrepo’s art installation, Musa paradisiaca. My reading intends to emphasize how each of the three stages of the most recent installation of the work in FLORA (2016) represents a destabilization of our conceptions of archive, memory, and history, respectively. By doing so, I argue, Musa gives birth to a series of grammars that allow to inscribe as unforgettable the kind of violence the work attempts to denounce. Thus, the work inaugurates a form of remembrance that is able to preserve both the kind of forgetfulness that pervades the history of violence in Colombia, together with the way in which this erasure constitutes, paradoxically, a stubborn form of survival. I am interested in exploring the political significance of this form of remembrance, and to inquire how Musa, in its multiple repetitions, from 1996 to the present, somehow performs the kind of displacements that it, in turn, is each time seeking to denounce. How, therefore, in its own inaugural forms of representation, the work is capable of insisting both on the irresolvable character of what it denounces, as well as on the difficulties that surround the very act of rendering this denunciation audible.
Healing of type II odontoid fracture without surgery in an octogenarian - Case report and literature review

Abstract Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fracture in the elderly. There is considerable controversy regarding the optimal management of type II odontoid fractures in this population. We present the case of an 89-year-old woman presented with neck pain after a mechanical fall. She was neurologically intact. Computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine revealed a Type II odontoid fracture with 4.4 mm of posterior displacement. Given the patient’s extensive medical comorbidities, non-operative management with a rigid cervical orthosis was elected. The patient underwent serial imaging and routine clinical follow up. CT scan at one-year follow-up demonstrated complete osseous union. The patient’s neck pain resolved and her cervical collar was discontinued. The risk benefit profile for surgical intervention in elderly patients with Type II odontoid fractures must be weighed against the morbidity associated with prolonged cervical immobilization. This case highlights the importance of serial surveillance imaging and demonstrates that complete arthrodesis can be achieved even in the elderly with prolonged cervical immobilization alone.
Career Path Movement: Perspectives About Transitioning Between Library Environments

AbstractAn MLIS program prepares librarians to work in a variety of library environments since the foundations of librarianship offer universal application. Transitioning between different library ...
2D shear wave elastography: measurement acquisition and reliability criteria in noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis

The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting stages of liver fibrosis using five individual versus grouped measurements and different reliability criteria. This is a prospective study of 109 patients who underwent hepatic 2D SWE (Canon Aplio 500) prior to liver biopsy for varied indications. Liver fibrosis was staged using the METAVIR scoring system (F = 0–4). Propagation mapping was used to guide ten SWE measurements from the liver parenchyma: five individual measurements and five grouped measurements. IQR/median, SD/median, and SD/mean were examined as quality criteria for patient inclusion at various thresholds (IQR/median ≤ 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; SD/median ≤ 0.15, 0.2, 0.3; SD/mean ≤ 0.2, 0.3, 0.5). Threshold for clinically significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. There was high agreement between individual and grouped measurements without statistically significant differences (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82; p = 0.26–0.96). When no quality criterion was used (n = 103), the optimal threshold was 11.3 kPa [AUROC 0.78, 95% CI (0.69, 0.88)] with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 66%, respectively. All quality criteria were associated with equal or higher AUROC ranging from 0.78 to 0.87. IQR/median ≤ 0.5 (n = 88) achieved the highest sensitivity of 85% and only excluded a small subset of patients. The AUROC and specificity were 0.83 [95% CI (0.74, 0.92)] and 72%, respectively. Quality criterion IQR/median ≤ 0.5 increases sensitivity and specificity in prediction of clinically significant liver fibrosis while excluding only a small subset of patients. Grouped measurements are comparable to individual measurements and may help increase procedural efficiency.
Bacteria-Associated Cytokine Storm Syndrome

While viruses are considered the most common infectious triggers for cytokine storm syndromes (CSS), a growing list of bacterial pathogens, particularly intracellular organisms, have been frequently reported to be associated with this syndrome. Both familial and sporadic cases of CSS are often precipitated by acute infections. It is also important to note that an underlying precipitating infection might not be clinically obvious as the CSS clinical picture can mimic an infectious process or an overwhelming septicemia. It is important to detect such an underlying treatable condition. In addition, infections can also be acquired during the course of CSS due to the concurrent immune suppression with treatment. Optimal CSS outcomes require treating bacterial infections when recognized.
Preventing Dendrite Growth by a Soft Piezoelectric Material

We report a piezoelectric mechanism to stop dendrite growth, which enables inherently safe lithium metal battery. For demonstration, a polarized piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is...
Factors Influencing College Selection by NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Players

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III basketball, coaches are often faced with the challenge of stretching resources to successfully recruit players who will represent the institution without the benefit of athletic scholarships. Having a better grasp of the factors that influence the college selection of NCAA Division III players might assist these coaches in more efficiently maximizing their resources. The purposes of this study were to (a) examine specific factors which influence why DIII basketball players made their choice to attend a particular school, (b) determine if there were differences based upon the type of school attended, and (c) examine whether there were categorical factors that differed on the basis of a players recruitment, year in school, race/ethnicity, playing status, or financial aid status. Using the revised Influential Factors Survey for Student Athletes (IFSSA-R; Pauline, 2010), 503 DIII men’s basketball players were surveyed. Participant responses indicated that ‘career opportunities’ was the most vital item affecting college selection. With regard to the five categorical factors (academic, athletic, coaching staff, financial aid, and social atmosphere) academic factors were also found to be important. Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) differences as determined by type of school for the athletic, academic, and financial aid subscales. Results of the study will provide useful information for DIII men’s basketball coaches and college administrators throughout various points in the recruiting and college selection process. Keywords: coaching, recruiting, basketball, NCAA Division III, college selection
Assessments of equivocal salesperson behavior and their influences on the quality of buyer-seller relationships

In buyer-supplier relationships, salespeople engage in behaviors that buyers may (or may not) view as deceptive. Despite the salesperson’s underlying miscreant or innocent motives, buyers have a di...
Deceit and Its Meaning

When a clinician’s encounter with deception is successfully reconceptualized, every evasion and falsehood undertaken by a patient become an additional point of data through which a deeper and more complete understanding of the patient can be achieved. A clinician wishing to explore patient experience at this level must be curious, supportive, and receptive to self-experience. It is essential for the clinician to clarify emotions and motivational impulses that, if unperceived, may drive non-neutral behavior on the clinician’s part. In contrast to the practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy, an assessment process of this kind takes place in the absence of a clearly defined treatment frame, and in a setting in which the emotional dynamic of the encounter may shift on a moment-to-moment basis, meaning that process of exploring “meaning” must be spontaneous, playful, and provisional. Through such a process, a path to meaning may be traversed.
Research Perspectives on Social Media Influencers and Brand Communication

In November 2020, Charles Taylor called for more research on social media influencers (SMIs) in his article in the International Journal of Advertising . Editor Brandi Watkins answers this call with her March 2021 work, Research Perspectives on Social Media Influencers and Brand Communication .
Retail Competition on Salop Circle under Linear Demand: Implications for Distribution Strategy

Existing applications of the Salop model (1979) to oligopolistic competition between retailers assume that demand is constant or has constant elasticity. With these formulations, demand is never zero, retailers always compete, and transport costs, as barriers to competition, always raise equilibrium profits. In contrast, we introduce linear demand to the Salop model to develop a framework that includes spatial monopolies and perfect competition as special cases. This model generates a price ceiling above which demand is zero, and the effect of transport cost is no longer unidirectional. An increase in transport cost, as detrimental to demand generation, reduces profits when the price ceiling is low and, as barrier to competition, raises profits when the price ceiling is high. We show that a monopolist manufacturer can use retailer competition to keep retailer margins low and reduce double marginalization, achieve approximate channel coordination, and usurp most of the profit gains from the coordination. Introduction of an online retailer to our model reduces retailer margins further, expands demand, and allows a manufacturer to distribute through fewer retailers.
Miguel de Cervantes, Author of the Apocryphal Quijote: Borges, ‘Pierre Menard’, and Literary Creation as Apocrypha

This article examines the relationship between Jorge Luis Borges’s ‘Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote’ (1939) and Miguel de Cervantes’s two-part novel (1605 and 1615) in terms of Borges’s notion of ...
The Social Costs of Academic Success Across Ethnic Groups

This study explores the longitudinal association between academic achievement and social acceptance across ethnic groups in a nationally representative sample of adolescents (N = 13,570; Mage = 15.5 years). The effects of school context are also considered. Results show that African American and Native American adolescents experience greater social costs with academic success than Whites. Pertaining to school context, findings suggest that the differential social consequences of achievement experienced by African Americans are greatest in more highly achieving schools, but only when these schools have a smaller percentage of Black students. Students from Mexican descent also showed differential social costs with achievement in particular contexts. The implications of these findings to theory, policy, and future research are discussed.
Inhibition of calcineurin combined with dasatinib has direct and indirect anti-leukemia effects against BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia

Treatment of BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia has been revolutionized with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, patients with BCR-ABL1(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsets of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are at high risk of relapse despite kinase inhibition therapy, necessitating novel treatment strategies. We previously reported synthetic lethality in BCR-ABL1(+) leukemia cells by blocking both calcineurin/NFAT signaling and BCR-ABL1, independent of drug efflux inhibition by cyclosporine. Here, using RNA-interference we confirm that calcineurin inhibition sensitizes BCR-ABL1(+) cells to tyrosine kinase inhibition in vitro. However, when we performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of dasatinib and cyclosporine in mice, we found that co-administration of cyclosporine increases peak concentrations and the area under the curve of dasatinib, which contributes to the enhanced disease control. We also report the clinical experience of two subjects in whom we observed more hematopoietic toxicity than expected while enrolled in a Phase Ib trial designed to assess the safety and tolerability of adding cyclosporine to dasatinib in humans. Thus, the anti-leukemia benefit of co-administration of cyclosporine and dasatinib is mechanistically pleiotropic, but may not be tolerable, at least as administered in this trial. These data highlight some of the challenges associated with combining targeted agents to treat leukemia.
Shock wave structure by several new modeled Boltzmann equations

Shock wave structure prediction by nonlinear kinetic models with Monte Carlo solutions of full Boltzmann equation
Localization of translocating Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis within cecal and colonic tissues of monoassociated mice

Normal bacteria can translocate (migrate) across an intact intestinal mucosa, but the anatomical site of bacterial translocation has not been defined. Gastrointestinal (GI) cross-sections were obtained from mice monoassociated with high cecal concentrations of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, or Enterococcus faecalis. As previously reported (C. L. Wells, R. P. Jechorek, and K. J. Gillingham, Arch. Surg. 126:247-252, 1991), these mice had viable translocating bacteria recovered from mesenteric lymph nodes and livers. No abnormal GI histology was noted. Immunofluorescence was used to localize GI bacteria, and similar observations were made with each of the three bacterial species. Smaller numbers (P less than 0.01) of bacteria were observed in stomach and small intestinal tissues than in cecal and colonic tissues, suggesting that the preferred site of tissue penetration for intestinal E. coli, P. mirabilis, and E. faecalis might be the cecum or colon as opposed to the stomach or small intestine.
Cytokine pathways and interactions in alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease resulting in the premature arrest of the follicular growth cycle clinically resulting in patchy, non-scarring hair loss. The presence of a dense follicular T cell infiltrate and variations in cytokines have led to the hypothesis that T cell activation and alterations in inflammatory mediators are crucial participants in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Various studies suggest that the AA pathogenesis has a dominant TH1-mediated component, with potential involvement of the TH17 pathway. However, a fully integrated view of intersecting cytokine networks that support the autoimmune response in AA is lacking. A more precise understanding of cytokine pathways in disease is required to rationally explore cytokine targeted treatment strategies. Here, we comprehensively and critically review the current literature to provide a working framework regarding the complexity of T cell-cytokine interactions in AA, emphasizing the areas necessitating further research, particularly for the development of novel therapeutic options.
New world monkey nightmares: science, art, use, and abuse (?) in platyrrhine taxonomic nomenclature.

The taxonomy and nomenclature of New World monkeys is becoming precariously unstable and impractical, plagued by revisions aimed at conforming to approaches that reject the Biological Species Concept for narrowly construed reasons and resulting in a hyperinflated taxonomy at species (often) and genus (sometimes) levels. This undermines a major goal of classification at the most basic taxonomic levels to ease communication and facilitate research. Since it is difficult to justify extensive changes in terminology without a deeply justified theoretical purpose or without showing what scientific benefits these alterations can bring, working primatologists need not accept this doctrinaire trend. Knowing as little as we do about what a species actually is, does not justify contorting the value of a species nomenclature so that it reflects nothing more than coat color, a node, or endpoint of a dendrogram. Am. J. Primatol. 74:692-695, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in a Native American Population

Objectives: Data were collected on postpartum depression from 151 women, ages 16–40 years who received postpartum health services from a rural obstetrical clinic in North Carolina between September 2002 and May 2003. Reflective of the racial and socio-economic make-up of the county, 60.9% of the sample were American Indian (Lumbee tribe) 25.8% were African American and 13.3% were Caucasian or other. Methods: The Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) was utilized to explore the prevalence of postpartum depression requiring clinical intervention in a largely unexplored population, minority women. Results: The incidence of postpartum depression symptoms was over 23%, which is significantly higher than even the most liberal estimates in other populations. As with previous literature on risk factors, the sample demonstrates a strong association between symptoms of depression, history of depression and receiving treatment for depression. Conclusions: The PDSS proved to be a clinically useful tool in this setting. Findings support the importance of implementing routine screening protocols to guide practice and implement support services.
Psychological Sequelae of the Station Nightclub Fire: Comparing Survivors with and without Physical Injuries Using a Mixed-Methods Analysis

Background: Surveying survivors from a large fire provides an opportunity to explore the impact of emotional trauma on psychological outcomes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of survivors of The Station Fire. Primary outcomes were post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale – Revised) and depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) symptoms. Linear regression was used to examine differences in symptom profiles between those with and without physical injuries. The free-response section of the survey was analyzed qualitatively to compare psychological sequelae of survivors with and without physical injuries. Results: 104 participants completed the study survey; 47% experienced a burn injury. There was a 42% to 72% response rate range. The mean age of respondents was 32 years, 62% were male, and 47% experienced a physical injury. No significant relationships were found between physical injury and depressive or post-traumatic stress symptom profiles. In the qualitative analysis, the emotional trauma that survivors experienced was a major, common theme regardless of physical injury. Survivors without physical injuries were more likely to experience survivor guilt, helplessness, self-blame, and bitterness. Despite the post-fire challenges described, most survivors wrote about themes of recovery and renewal.
Mapping epitopes on a protein antigen by the proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes

A monoclonal antibody bound to a protein antigen decreases the rate of proteolytic cleavage of the antigen, having the greatest effect on those regions involved in antibody contact. Thus, an epitope can be identified by the ability of the antibody to protect one region of the antigen more than others from proteolysis. By means of this approach, two distinct epitopes, both conformationally well-ordered, were characterized on horse cytochrome c.
Multivariate Spatial Regression Models for Predicting Individual Tree Structure Variables Using LiDAR Data

This study assesses univariate and multivariate spatial regression models for predicting individual tree structure variables using Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) covariates. Many studies have used covariates derived from LiDAR to help explain the variability in tree, stand, or forest variables at a fine spatial resolution across a specified domain. Few studies use regression models capable of accommodating residual spatial dependence between field measurements. Failure to acknowledge this spatial dependence can result in biased and perhaps misleading inference about the importance of LiDAR covariates and erroneous prediction. Accommodating residual spatial dependence, via spatial random effects, helps to meet basic model assumptions and, as illustrated in this study, can improve model fit and prediction. When multiple correlated tree structure variables are considered, it is attractive to specify joint models that are able to estimate the within tree covariance structure and use it for subsequent prediction for unmeasured trees. We capture within tree residual covariances by specifying a model with multivariate spatial random effects. The univariate and multivariate spatial random effects models are compared to those without random effects using a data set collected on the U.S. Forest Service Penobscot Experimental Forest, Maine. These data comprise individual tree measurements including geographic position, height, average crown length, average crown radius, and diameter at breast height.
What we (don't) talk about when we talk about breasts.

Like nearly everyone else, I was stunned to read Angelina Jolie’s New York Times editorial chronicling her decision to have a double prophylactic mastectomy. Jolie’s announcement—and the ensuing pu...
Abraham Epstein and the movement for old age security

(1975). Abraham Epstein and the movement for old age security. Labor History: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 359-377.
Accurate and scalable nearest neighbors in large networks based on effective importance

Nearest neighbor proximity search in large graphs is an important analysis primitive with a variety of applications in graph data from different domains. We propose a novel proximity measure for weighted graphs called Effective Importance which incorporates multiple paths between nodes and captures the inherent structural clusters within a network. We develop effective bounds on the EI value using a modified small subnetwork around a query node, enabling scalable exact nearest neighbor (NN) search at query time. Our NN search does not require heavy offline analysis or holistic knowledge of the graph, making our method suitable for very large dynamically changing networks or composite network overlays.We employ our NN search algorithm on social, information and biological networks and demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the approach. For million-node networks, our method retrieves the exact top 20 neighbors using less than $0.2%$ of the network edges in a fraction of a second on a conventional desktop machine. We also evaluate the effectiveness of our proximity measure and NN search for three applications, namely (i) finding good local clusters, (ii) network sparsification and (iii) prediction of node attributes in information networks. The EI measure and NN search method outperform recent counterparts from the literature in all applications.
Microstructural development and mechanical properties of wide gap and conventional transient liquid phase bonds between Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb substrates

AbstractAn investigation of microstructural development and structure-property relationships in a transient liquid phase bonded Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb at.- alloy abbreviated here to 48-2-2 is presented. The use of copper containing interlayers is examined. The primary focus of the paper is wide gap composite interlayers consisting of copper as a liquid former, plus a TiAl alloy binary TiAl or 48-2-2 as a non-melting diffusional sink. However, bonds employing commercial purity copper foils of thickness 5 and 50 m are also examined. Bond microstructures are characterised by edge-on transmission electron microscopy, plus scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Mechanical properties are determined through the use of room temperature shear and bend testing, supplemented by both room and elevated temperature tensile testing. The formation of copper containing intermetallics at the bond line and the formation of gamma-TiAl by both epitaxial growth and non-epitaxial precipitation are discussed. The microstruc...
Improved egg crack detection algorithm for modified pressure imaging system

Shell eggs with microcracks are often undetected during egg grading processes. In the past, a modified pressure imaging system was developed to detect eggs with microcracks without adversely affecting the quality of normal intact eggs. The basic idea of the modified pressure imaging system was to apply a short burst of vacuum within a transparent chamber in order to cause a momentary and forced opening in the egg shell with a crack and thus to utilize the changes in image intensities during this process. The intensity changes from dark to bright in the shell surface were recorded by a highresolution digital camera and processed by an image ratio technique. The performance of the imaging system, however, was sometimes compromised by false readings due to motion of intact eggs relative to the camera. The uneven movement of the lid hinged on the chamber was considered as the main cause of motion errors. In this paper, a machine vision technique to compensate the motion errors was developed to reduce the false detection readings caused by motion of intact eggs. The developed motion compensation algorithm is based on motion estimation of individual eggs.
Analysis of the deep depletion MOSFET and the use of the d.c. characteristics for determining bulk-channel charge-coupled device parameters

Abstract A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the deep depletion MOSFET operated in the regimes of depletion, enhancement and depletion/enhancement, is presented. The quantitative analysis presented here does not make any of the simplifications made in some earlier papers, applicable to shallow channel depletion MOSFETs, and uses a four terminal device model so as to provide a complete set of characterisation equations for each mode of operation. It is demonstrated that the device parameters of flatband voltage, implanted channel doping and depth, and bulk and surface carrier mobilities, can easily be determined by use of some of the characteristics equations in conjunction with simple measurements made directly from the drain current/drain voltage characteristics. Furthermore these parameters are applicable to bulk-channel charge-coupled devices fabricated under the same implantation and drive-in conditions. As the device parameters are determined from the drain current/drain voltage characteristics the techniques presented offer an attractive alternative to the more complicated C-V methods used for bulk-channel charge-coupled device characterisation. The validity of the model and the techniques used to determine the device parameters is demonstrated by the good agreement between calculated and measured results obtained from fabricated devices.
The enhanced bandwidth folded inverted conformal antenna (EB FICA) for mufti-band cellular handsets

An internal multi-band antenna for mobile phones featuring wide fractional bandwidth is presented. The antenna is realized by a flat conformal conductor above the ground plane, featuring a feed and ground connections to the PCB. A slot is cut in the flat conductor, which is open only in between the ground and feeding connections of the flat conductor, thus forming a slit. This structure is called enhanced bandwidth folded inverted conformal antenna (EB-FICA), with reference to its precursor FICA (Di Nallo and Faraone, 2005). The EB-FICA can be designed to be penta-band, covering the four GSM bands and the UMTS Rx band, and has been adopted in several Motorola products.
A low-temperature parylene-C-to-silicon bonding using photo-patternable adhesives and its applications

Parylene-C has become a more and more popular material for BioMEMS implant applications due to its good biomedical properties [1, 2]. It was also used as an intermediate layer for silicon wafer bonding [3, 4]. However, the bonding between parylene-C and silicon is still problematic. In this paper, a low-temperature bonding between parylene-C and silicon using photo-patternable adhesives is presented. This method can not only determine the bonding pads but also reduce the residual stress in the packaging. Its application on high-density multi-channel chip integration is also demonstrated. Two commercially available photo-patternable materials, i.e., SU-8 and AZ-4620, with stable characteristics are chosen to demonstrate this method. The processing conditions are optimized in terms of bonding temperature, pressure, time, and surface treatment. The peeling force is measured by ASTM peeling tests under various bonding conditions. The results show that the epoxy-based SU-8 is better than AZ-4620 as an adhesive material with a peeling force up to 8.4 N/cm2. This low-temperature bonding technique allows selectively local area bonding. Besides, bonding without applying a high electric field is especially suitable for the integration with microelectronics in MEMS packaging.
Riesz Type Kernels over the Ring of Integers of a Local Field

Abstract LetOdenote the ring of integers of a local field. In this note we prove an approximation theorem for the Riesz type kernels {γμ, λ, n}n = 1∞overO. The proof requires a sharp estimate of theDirichlet kernelDn(x) onP−1\O, which may also have independent interest. As a consequence we solve the local field analog of 1 concerning rates of convergence of theFejer sumon the Walsh system. Our approach has potential applications to other operators such as Cesaro means and Abel–Poisson means of “type I.”
Mining the discrete velocity method for high quality solutions for one-dimensional Poiseuille flow

A fully discretized solution for Poiseuille flow in a one-dimensional channel is presented. Unlike previous semi-analytical methods, such as the Analytical Discrete-Ordinates (ADO) or the FN methods, which have been specifically designed to avoid spatial discretization error, no analytical advantage is assumed. Instead, the solution is “mined” in a process where each discrete approximation is an element in a sequence of solutions whose convergence to the solution is accelerated. This process leads most straightforwardly to high quality benchmark results for use in algorithm verification with a minimum of theoretical and numerical complexity.
Current use of levothyroxine was associated with increased risk for fractures in patients ≥ 70 years of age

Source Citation Turner MR, Camacho X, Fischer HD, et al. Levothyroxine dose and risk of fractures in older adults: nested case–control study. BMJ. 2011;342:d2238. 21527461
Sequence specificity of trinucleoside diphosphate binding to polymerized tobacco mosaic virus protein

The binding of trinucleoside diphosphates to long helical rods of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein is shown to depend on base sequence, 5′ AAG 3′ binding being the strongest of the 25 trinucleoside diphosphate sequences measured. As TMV has a stoichiometry of three nucleotides per protein subunit, the sequence of TMV RNA suggested to be the nucleation site for self-assembly of the virus has three possible binding frames. From our binding constant data the most likely frame is predicted and shown to have two contiguous AAG sequences in a hairpin loop region.
Association of Sorcin With the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor

Sorcin is a 22-kDa calcium-binding protein initially identified in multidrug-resistant cells; however, its patterns of expression and function in normal tissues are unknown. Here we demonstrate that sorcin is widely distributed in rodent tissues, including the heart, where it was localized by immunoelectron microscopy to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A >500-kDa protein band immunoprecipitated from cardiac myocytes by sorcin antiserum was indistinguishable in size on gels from the 565-kDa ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel recognized by ryanodine receptor-specific antibody. Association of sorcin with a ryanodine receptor complex was confirmed by complementary co-immunoprecipitations of sorcin with the receptor antibody. Forced expression of sorcin in ryanodine receptor-negative Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts resulted in accumulation of the predicted 22-kDa protein as well as the unexpected appearance of ryanodine receptor protein. In contrast to the parental host fibroblasts, sorcin transfectants displayed a rapid and transient rise in intracellular calcium in response to caffeine, suggesting organization of the accumulated ryanodine receptor protein into functional calcium release channels. These data demonstrate an interaction between sorcin and the ryanodine receptor and suggest a role for sorcin in modulation of calcium release channel activity, perhaps by stabilizing the channel protein.
Efferent projections of the dorsal ventricular ridge and the striatum in the Tegu lizard. Tupinambis nigropunctatus.

A H3 proline-leucine mixture was injected into the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) and striatum of the Tegu lizard in order to determine their efferent projections. The brains were processed according to standard radioautographic technique, and counterstained with cresyl violet. DVR projections were generally restricted to the telencephalon, while striatal projections were limited to diencephalic and mesencephalic structures. Thus the anterior DVR projects ipsilaterally to nuclei sphericus and lateralis amygdalae, striatum (ipsilateral and contralateral) ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior olfactory nucleus, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and lateral pallium. Posterior DVR projections enter ipsilateral anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral and interstitial amygdalar nuclei, olfactory tubercle and bulb, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and a zone surrounding the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Labeled axons from striatal injections pass caudally in the lateral forebrain bundle to enter (via dorsal peduncle) nuclei dorsomedialis, medialis posterior, entopeduncularis anterior, and a zone surrounding nucleus rotundus. Others join the ventral peduncle of LFB and enter ventromedial nucleus (thalami), while the remaining fibers continue caudally in the ventral peduncle to the mesencephalic prerubral field, central gray, substantia nigra, nucleus intercollicularis, reticular formation and pretectal nucleus posterodorsalis. These results are discussed in relation to the changing notions regarding terminology, classification and functions of dorsal ventricular ridge and striatum.
Network Activity and the Evaporative Formation of Polar Plumes

It has previously been suggested that polar plumes are generated and maintained by strong, localized heating within coronal holes and that this heating is somehow associated with the interaction between small magnetic bipoles and nearby unipolar flux concentrations. These ideas are used here as the basis of a model for the formation and evolution of coronal plumes. The energy deposition rate in a plume is taken to be proportional to the rate at which magnetic flux becomes reconnected to the nearby monopole as the poles of the bipole are separated by the supergranular flow field. The heat input is conducted down to the base of the newly opened flux tube (located at the majority-polarity end of the bipole), where a small fraction of the energy goes into lifting chromospheric gas into the corona, while the rest is radiated away. The evaporation timescale (?evap${r evap}$ -->$t SUBgt {r evap}t/SUBgt $ --> ~6 hr) represents the characteristic time for a new plume to form following the emergence of a bipole. Once flux exchange between the bipole and the unipolar flux concentration ceases, the plume decays on the radiative cooling timescale ?cool${r cool}$ -->$t SUBgt {r cool}t/SUBgt $ --> ~4 hr. In the absence of new bipole eruptions, the total lifetime of a plume is found to be 12-24 hr. The model accounts for the quiescent nature of polar plumes and the tendency for the diffuse plume emission to strengthen as the underlying bright network features disperse and decay.
CoSMoS: a visual environment for component-based modeling, experimental design, and simulation

An integrated modeling and simulation tool called Component-based System Modeler and Simulator (CoSMoS) is developed. It supports visual development of families of models that have well-defined logical specifications. The logical component-based models persist in relational databases and may be automatically translated into specific target simulation and markup programming languages. The underlying system-theoretic modeling framework of CoSMoS lends itself for the well-known discrete-time, continuous, and discrete-event modeling approaches. Currently, CoSMoS supports developing parallel DEVS-compliant models which can be executed using the DEVS-Suite simulator. The underlying process lifecycle of the CoSMoS enables systematic transitioning from visual model development and design of experiments to simulation execution and experimentation. Simulation data can be used for run-time animation and viewing of time-based trajectories or exported for post processing. This tool helps to simplify simulation-based system design, verification, and validation. The core capabilities of the CoSMoS are exemplified with a conceptual model of an anti-virus network software system.
Spatial variation in biodiversity and trophic structure of soil nematode communities in a subtropical savanna parkland: Responses to woody plant encroachment

Abstract Woody plant encroachment into grasslands generally increases spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and processes and creates “islands of fertility” beneath woody canopies. However, little is known regarding the potential for these changes to influence spatial variation in soil fauna. We quantified population sizes, biodiversity, and trophic structure of soil nematode communities in a savanna parkland where woody plant clusters developed in grassland during the past century. Total nematode density was constant across transects from centers of woody clusters into grasslands. Family richness and Simpson's Dominance Index indicated nematode communities in grasslands and grassland/cluster edges were significantly more diverse than positions within the woody clusters. Relative densities of all nematode trophic groups changed significantly along the transect. Bacterivores nearly doubled in relative density from grassland (35%) to cluster centers (60%), apparently in response to higher concentrations of soil microbial biomass in wooded areas. Relative densities of plant parasitic nematodes decreased along transects from grasslands (35%) to centers of woody clusters (10%), implying decreased nematode herbivory in woody clusters despite much higher root biomass there. The structure index indicated nematode communities within woody clusters were more simplified than those in grassland and edge communities due to reductions in densities of omnivores and predators. Although nematode densities were lower at 10–20 than 0–10 cm, nematode community characteristics were generally similar between soil depths. Changes in nematode community and trophic structure described here could influence biogeochemical processes, species interactions, and successional processes in regions where woody plants are encroaching into grasslands.
Individual differences in susceptibility to interference and general cognitive ability

Abstract Recently, an increasing number of researchers have proposed that interference/inhibition processes play an important role in human cognition. A number of models have suggested that susceptibility to interference is a major factor in cognitive development, cognitive aging, and certain atypical populations, such as learning disabled individuals and children with attention deficit disorders. By contrast, the relation between susceptibility to interference and measures of general cognitive ability in normal adults has received relatively little attention. In this article, we review the results of the few studies that have been addressed to this topic in the light of resistance to interference theory. We conclude by attempting to reconcile discrepancies both within and across studies.
Barotropic Vortex Motion Near Large-Scale Mountain Ranges: Case Studies of Hurricane Gilbert (1988) and Tropical Storm Hermine (1980)

A shallow-water model is used to examine the motion of a barotropic vortex on an equatorial beta plane in the presence of a large-scale mountain range that represents the Sierra Madre of Mexico. The model is initialized with the analyzed large-scale winds of two Atlantic storms, Hurricane Gilbert (1988) and Tropical Storm Hermine (1980). The study is focused on understanding the motion of tropical cyclones in the western Gulf of Mexico. Vortices representative of each storm are found to experienc e southward deflections as they approach the Sierra Madre. The deflections are attributed to the divergent production of relative vorticity associated with vortex stretching as fluid columns are advected over the mountains. While variations of the depth and stratification of the model atmosphere are also found to influence the track of the vortex, the presence of the mountains is shown to produce the most dominant effect. Additional informatio n on the motion of the vortex is also determined through an examination of the asymmetric potential vorticity field.
Coalescence and bouncing of small aerosol droplets

The trajectories of 20 and 40 μm radius water droplets colliding with a gas-water interface are observed to determine the conditions under which drops will bounce or coalesce on impact and the apparent coefficient of restitution of the drops that bounce. The experiments were performed in a pressure chamber so that the pressure and composition of the gas could be varied to explore the effects of the viscosity and mean-free path of the gas. The impact velocity is varied by producing drops with a velocity larger than their terminal velocity using a piezoelectric drop generator and adjusting the distance between the generator and the liquid interface
The crystal structure of isopropyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside monoydrate at 123 K

The crystal structure of isopropyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside monohydrate is orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, with cell dimensions at 123 K [293 K] of a = 7.983(1) [8.037(1)], b = 24.574(5) [24.709(4)], c = 6.329(1) [6.3736(8)] A, V = 1241.84 [1265.71] A3. The calculated and measured density is Dx = 1.371 [1.345] g cm-3, Dm = [1.340] g cm-3. Diffraction data were obtained with CuK alpha radiation and a Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer. The structure was solved by using MULTAN, and refined to R(F2) = 0.051, RW(F2) = 0.078, R(F) = 0.029, S = 1.16 for 1502 reflections. The molecule has the 4C1(D) conformation. The orientation of the primary alcohol group is gauche/trans, and that about the glycosidic C-S bond is (-)synclinal relative to the ring C-O bond. Although this compound does not form thermotropic liquid crystals, it has two crystal-to-crystal phase-transitions, at 70 and 104 degrees, prior to melting at 126 degrees. The crystal structure has a characteristic, amphiphilic, head-to-head bilayer molecular packing, with intercalated alkyl groups. The water molecule is included in the hydrogen-bond structure that links the galactoside moieties.
Adsorption of CO, H2, O2, and CO2 on clean and Cu-covered Re(0001): an XPS study

Abstract The electronic and chemical properties of ultrathin films of Cu on Re(0001) have been investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and chemisorption of CO, H 2 , O 2 and CO 2 . A very similar Cu(2p 3 2 ) binding energy is obtained for a monolayer of Cu on Re(0001) and the surface atoms of Cu(100). Measurements of the Cu(2p 3 2 ) XPS peak position of Cu/Re(0001) as a function of film thickness show convergence to bulk properties for films with 4–5 layers of Cu atoms. Chemisorption of CO induces a large decrease in the electron density of the Cu adlayers. This is a consequence of: (1) charge transfer from the Cu overlayer to the Re(0001) substrate (induced by a repulsive interaction between the Cu σ charge and the electrons in the 5σ orbital of CO) and (2) transfer of electrons from the Cu adatoms into the unoccupied 2π orbitais of the CO molecules (π back-bonding). The CuRe interaction enhances the electron donor capabilities of Cu atoms supported on Re(0001), making them more active for CO adsorption and CO 2 dissociation. Hydrogen adatoms shift the Cu(2p 3 2 ) XPS peak position of Cu/Re(0001) surfaces toward higher binding energies. The present results indicate that spillover of hydrogen from Re to Cu can occur in mixed Cu/Re catalysts.
International society and regional integration in Central Asia

Abstract This paper examines the degree of integration in Central Asia by utilizing the international society approach of the English School of International Relations (ES). After addressing the debate surrounding the concept of ‘international society’ and discussing its contents and application the paper suggests that within the contemporary heterogeneous global international society there exist some more homogeneous regional/sub-global international societies with Central Asia constituting one of them. It argues that during the Cold War the global international society was divided into two sub-global international societies with the Soviet Union and its allies forming one of them. With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia sought to re-establish its regional primacy through the establishment of a set of international organizations ranging from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The paper claims that this range of organizations reflects the existence of a regional international society in Central Asia.
Myelin and axon abnormalities in schizophrenia measured with magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Background In schizophrenia (SZ), disturbances in integration of activity among brain regions seem to be as important as abnormal activity of any single region. Brain regions are connected through white matter (WM) tracts, and diffusion tensor imaging has provided compelling evidence for WM abnormalities in SZ. However, diffusion tensor imaging alone cannot currently pinpoint the biological basis of these abnormalities. Methods In this study, we combined a myelin-specific and an axon-specific magnetic resonance imaging approach to examine potentially distinct abnormalities of WM components in SZ. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) provides information on myelin content, whereas diffusion tensor spectroscopy provides information on metabolite diffusion within axons. We collected data from a 1×3×3 cm voxel within the right prefrontal cortex WM at 4 Tesla and studied 23 patients with SZ and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Results The MTR was significantly reduced in SZ, suggesting reduced myelin content. By contrast, the apparent diffusion coefficient of N -acetylaspartate (NAA) was significantly elevated, suggesting intra-axonal abnormalities. Greater abnormality of both MTR and the apparent diffusion coefficient of NAA correlated with more adverse outcomes in the patient group. Conclusions The results suggest that WM abnormalities in SZ include both abnormal myelination and abnormal NAA diffusion within axons. These processes might be associated with abnormal signal transduction and abnormal information processing in SZ.