cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Supportive Ties and Sense of Community among the Inner-City Elderly: The Tenderloin Senior Outreach Project

For the low-income elderly residents of America's single room occupancy (SRO) hotels, poor health, social isolation, and powerlessness often are intimately connected. This article presents a case study of an attempt to address these interrelated problems by fostering social support and social action organizing among elderly residents of San Francisco's Tenderloin hotels. Following a brief look at the parameters of the problem, an overview of the Tenderloin Senior Outreach Project (TSOP) is presented. The Project's theoretical base is described, followed by a brief account of TSOPs genesis and growth from an informal University-sponsored project to a privately incorporated community-based organization. Examples of individual and community empowerment through TSOP are presented, as is a look at some of the dilemmas and compro mises that are encountered as a community group trades its grassroots status for a more formal and bureaucratized structure. Problems in the areas of indigenous leadership development ...
Identification and preservation of palmar cutaneous nerves during open carpal tunnel release

We looked for crossing cutaneous nerve branches during standard open carpal tunnel release and attempted to preserve them. Open carpal tunnel release was performed on 34 hands in 29 patients. Crossing cutaneous nerves were identified in 47% of hands and successfully preserved in each case. No patient experienced postoperative pillar pain or scar hypersensitivity.
Isonymy and population structure of Irish isolates during the 1890s

The estimation of genetic similarity from correspondence of surnames (isonymy) allows investigation of historical population structure. This study uses surname data from seven isolates located along the west coast of Ireland during the 1890s to assess geographic and historic influences on population structure. Observed genetic variation among populations shows a close fit with the expected isolation by distance model with estimated parameters of isolation and migration being similar to those obtained in other studies of isolated populations. Local genetic variation appears to be due primarily to the size of the local breeding population with deviations being explained in terms of recent emigration. (EXCERPT)
The end of iodide? Cobalt complex redox shuttles in DSSCs

This article focuses on the promise and progress of replacing the ubiquitous triiodide/iodide electrolyte with cobalt poly-pyridine complex redox shuttles in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs. Issues which require further research will also be presented.
Investigating the use of eye-tracking for view management

This work in progress is investigating new ways to manage visual clutter in Augmented Reality (AR) applications through the use of eye tracking.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PARASITOIDS OF BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) ON COTTON CULTIVARS DIFFERING IN LEAF MORPHOLOGY

ABSTRACT Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine resistance of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars differing in leaf morphology (shape and pubescence) to the B biotype of sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and impacts on its parasitoids. Five cotton cultivars were evaluated in a field-plot experiment at Hastings, Florida. The pubescent cultivars, DP DES 119 and Stoneville 453, were significantly hairier than moderately hairy okra-leaf cultivar, Gumbo 500, and smooth-leaved cultivars NU COTN 33B and DP 51. There were significant differences among cultivars in eggs laid on the second and fifth node leaves. DP DES 119 and Stoneville 453 had greater numbers of whitefly eggs than did the glabrous cultivars. The okra-leaf cultivar, Gumbo 500, had greater numbers of eggs than the 2 glabrous varieties. There were significant differences among cultivars in numbers of first and second instars (young instars), third instars, unparasitized fourth instars and red-eyed nymphs on fif...
A limiting absorption principle for Schrödinger operators with Von Neumann-Wigner type potentials

In this paper we prove the main step in establishing a limiting absorption principle for von Neumann-Wigner type Schrodinger Hamiltonians of the form −Δ+csinb|x|/|x|+V(x), whereV(x) is a short range potential. The first fundamental step is to obtain a limiting absorption principal for the “free” operator −Δ+csinb.|x|/|x|. The free operator is unitarily equivalent to a direct sum of ordinary differential operators. We obtain uniform estimates for the resolvents of these ordinary differential operators. by obtaining uniform estimates for the Weyl-Green kernels of these resolvents. In turn, these latter estimates require uniform estimates on the Wronskians of certain generalized eigen-solutions of these differential operators.
Ethics of Writing

It is not easy for me to review this book as I owe the author of Ethics of Writing too great a debt for my philosophical education. In 1977, when Carlo Sini was appointed professor of Theoretical P...
Persistence of Sphaeropsis sapinea on or in asymptomatic shoots of red and jack pines

To investigate the possibility that the co- nifer shoot blight and canker pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea persists on or in asymptomatic red pine (Pi- nus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana), dormant shoots were collected from nursery seedlings and for- est trees. One-hundred asymptomatic red pine seed- lings were collected in November 1994 in each of two nurseries, and 100 asymptomatic jack pine seedlings were collected at one of the nurseries. Fifty shoots of each species were collected at each of three forest sites. Each shoot was divided into four subsamples: five needle pairs from the current year's growth; five needle pairs from the previous year's growth; a stem segment from the current year's growth; a stem seg- ment from the previous year's growth. Subsamples were surface-disinfested, placed into water agar slants, and incubated for approximately 3 mo. Iden- tification of S. sapinea was based on examination of spores from pycnidia that formed on the plant tissue. The fungus was associated with 27.5% of the red pine nursery seedlings, but with none of the jack pine seedlings. With only one exception, the fungus was associated with stem segments of the previous year's growth. On samples collected in the forest, the pathogen was associated with both years' stem seg- ments and with previous year's needles of each host. Characterization of isolates by means of RAPD mark- er analysis indicated presence of both A and B mor- photypes of S. sapinea which were confirmed as vir- ulent by inoculation of red and jack pines, respec- tively. The ability of virulent strains to persist on or in asymptomatic hosts may help explain pathogen survival and rapid disease development under con- ditions that induce host stress.
Prevalence of Sarcocystis in sows from Iowa

The hearts of 893 sows from Iowa killed for food between January 1990 and February 1992 were examined for Sarcocystis bradyzoites by the digestion technique. Bradyzoites were found in 163 (18.2%) hearts. Sections of formalin-fixed tissues from 28 hearts with demonstrable bradyzoites were examined for sarcocysts. Sarcocystis miescheriana sarcocysts were found in six pigs. The prevalence of Sarcocystis was apparently not affected by season.
On the evolution of crystallographic dislocation density in non-homogeneously deforming crystals

A set of evolution equations for dislocation density is developed incorporating the combined evolution of statistically stored and geometrically necessary densities. The statistical density evolves through Burgers vector-conserving reactions based in dislocation mechanics. The geometric density evolves due to the divergence of dislocation fluxes associated with the inhomogeneous nature of plasticity in crystals. Integration of the density-based model requires additional dislocation density/density-flux boundary conditions to complement the standard traction/displacement boundary conditions. The dislocation density evolution equations and the coupling of the dislocation density flux to the slip deformation in a continuum crystal plasticity model are incorporated into a finite element model. Simulations of an idealized crystal with a simplified slip geometry are conducted to demonstrate the length scale-dependence of the mechanical behavior of the constitutive model. The model formulation and simulation results have direct implications on the ability to explicitly model the interaction of dislocation densities with grain boundaries and on the net effect of grain boundaries on the macroscopic mechanical response of polycrystals.
Sb-induced passivation of the Si(100) surface.

The passivation of the Si(100)(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface upon chemisorption of Sb is investigated using the first-principles local-density dmol method with analytic gradients and cluster models containing up to 62 atoms. Sb adsorbed on the bridge site of Si(100)(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) is found to saturate the dangling bonds of the underlying two dimer atoms, resulting in an unusual chemisorption site for this system. The (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) reconstruction is removed when Sb adsorbs on the cave site between two nearest bridge sites of the Si(100)(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface that are already occupied by Sb atoms. The formation of an Sb dimer is found to be more stable than single atom adsorption; thus Sb dimers are the essential structure on the Si(100) surface. The calculated bond lengths of Sb-Si and Sb-Sb are 2.61 and 2.93 \AA{}, respectively, in excellent agreement with a recent surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure analysis.
Relationship between mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and α-tocopherol levels in the guineα-pig adrenal cortex

Abstract Lipid peroxidation in mitochondria from the functionally distinct inner (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculate + zona glomerulosa) zones of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex was investigated. Ferrous ion (Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation was far greater in inner than outer zone mitochondria. Ascorbic acid similarly initiated lipid peroxidation to a greater extent in inner zone mitochondrial preparations. Differences in the unsaturated fatty acid content of inner and outer zone mitochondria could not account for the regional differences in lipid peroxidation. Total fatty acid concentrations were greater in the outer than in the inner zone, and the relative amounts of each fatty acid were similar in the two zones. However, mitochondrial concentrations of α-tocopherol, an antioxidant known to inhibit lipid peroxidation, were approx. 5-times greater in the outer than inner zone. The results demonstrate that there are regional differences in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in the adrenal cortex which may be attributable to differences in α-tocopherol content. Thus, α-tocopherol may serve to protect outer zone mitochondrial enzymes from the consequences of lipid peroxidation and thereby contribute to some of the functional differences between the zones of the adrenal cortex.
Starvation-induced oöcyte resorption and yolk protein salvage in Periplaneta americana

Abstract Oocyte resorption in Periplaneta americana females begins after about 10 days of starvation. Concomitantly there is a reduction in fat body blood protein synthesis and a marked increase in the concentration of vitellogenic blood proteins. Apparently the pool of vitellogenic blood proteins, associated with oocyte resorption, is a result of yolk protein salvage. Yolk deposition and synthesis of vitellogenic blood proteins is initiated in starved animals following injections of farnesyl methyl ether or corpora allata. The results suggest that vitellogenic arrest is caused by starvation-induced inhibition of corpora allata secretion rather than an absence of blood-borne yolk precursors.
Detection of G3P[3] and G3P[9] Rotavirus Strains in American Indian Children With Evidence of Gene Reassortment Between Human and Animal Rotaviruses

The distribution and evolution of human rotavirus strains is important for vaccine development and effectiveness. In settings where rotavirus vaccine coverage is high, vaccine pressure could select for replacement of common strains (similar to those included in rotavirus vaccines) with uncommon strains, some of which could be generated by reassortment between human and animal rotaviruses. Between 2002 and 2004, a phase-III rotavirus vaccine clinical trial was conducted among American Indian children of the Navajo and White Mountain Apache tribes, which are known to be at high risk for rotavirus diarrhea. We evaluated the rotavirus strains collected from study participants who received placebo during the trial to determine the distribution of rotavirus genotypes and to detect emerging strains that contribute to disease and could influence rotavirus vaccine effectiveness. Three uncommon strains of human rotavirus, two G3P[3] and one G3P[9] strains were detected in stools of children aged 3 to 6 months of age. Segments of all 11 rotavirus genes were sequenced and genotyped by comparison of cognate gene fragments with reference strains. The G3P[3] strains had similar genotypes to each other and to reference dog and cat strains. The G3P[9] strain had similar genotypes to cow, cat and dog reference strains. Genetic analyses of these three strains support the known diversity generating mechanisms of rotavirus.
Knowledge management in careers services: implications for Connexions managers

This paper reviews the literature on knowledge management in the context of a major organisational change. The organisations studied provide statutory public services and are responsible for providing advice and guidance to young people. A postal survey of 123 managers in careers service organisations showed that, while technical infrastructures for knowledge management are present, managers do not fully recognise the capabilities of the infrastructures that they have. Knowledge management infrastructures are examined in the context of prevailing organisational cultures. Implications for top managers in careers services organisations and Connexions partnerships are offered.
Effects of estradiol and progesterone on the sensitivity to pain and on morphine-induced antinociception in female rats

Long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats were exposed to 2- or 14-day replacement with pellets made of cholesterol (CHOL), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or a combination of E2 and P4. Following the treatment with steroids the antinociceptive effect of morphine (5 mg/kg,sc) was measured by a hot-plate method. Pellets of E2 (0.5 and 5%) caused dose- and time-dependent reductions of morphine-induced antinociception as compared with OVX rats treated with CHOL pellets. Moreover, OVX rats pretreated with E2 pellets had decreased basic sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus (hyperalgesia). Treatment for 2 and 14 days with 75% P4 pellets produced significant reduction of MOR antinociception. The low dose of P4 (10% pellet) did not change the effect of MOR on Day 2 but significantly increased the antinociceptive effect of MOR on Day 14. Replacement of OVX rats with one 0.5% E2 pellet plus one 10% P4 pellet resulted in marked inhibition of the antinociceptive effect of MOR on Day 2 as well as on Day 14. Central injection 30 min before MOR of either LHRH antagonist or the antiserum against LHRH into OVX rats pretreated for 14 days with both steroids had no effect on the degree of the antinociception. The results suggest that the effects which ovarian steroids exert on opioid systems vary according to the dose, the duration of treatment, and the type of steroid administered.
Retrofascial mesh repair of ventral incisional hernias

Abstract Background Recurrence rates after ventral incisional hernia repair are reported to be as high as 33% and are associated with considerable morbidity and lost time. The purpose of this study was to determine if retrofascial mesh placement reduces the incidence of recurrence as well as the severity of wound infections. Methods A prospective database covering the period from January 1995 to June 2003 was maintained. All patients underwent a standardized technique by a single surgeon. Polypropylene mesh was placed between the fascia and the peritoneum with the fascia closed over the mesh. Results There were 150 patients (126 women, 24 men) with a mean age of 55 years. Their average weight was 88 kg, with an average body mass index of 32. Sixty-three (42%) of the hernias were recurrences of a previous repair. The average size of the hernia was 8 × 14 cm. There was 1 postoperative mortality. There was a 9% postoperative infection rate with 2 patients (1%) requiring mesh removal. Long-term follow-up evaluation has revealed 3 recurrences (2%) and 3 readmissions for bowel obstruction with 1 patient requiring surgical release. There were no fistulas noted. Conclusions Incisional hernia repair with mesh placed in the retrofascial position decreases both the risk for recurrence and the severity of wound infection without significant problems from bowel obstruction or enteric fistula.
Mechanisms of damage in high-temperature, low cycle fatigue of an aluminium alloy

Abstract The roles of microstructure and environment in influencing mechanisms of damage during high-temperature, low cycle fatigue were investigated in a lithium-containing aluminium alloy in the peak-aged condition, and tested over a range of plastic strains. Reduction in fatigue life and resistance were observed at an elevated test temperature. Localized oxidation and embrittlement at grain boundaries are promoted by the applied stress, and play an important role in accelerating crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation. Evidence is presented to rule out contributions from microstructural changes through the coarsening of precipitate particles and the formation of new precipitate phases, and damage due to creep. The apparent acceleration of crack initiation and enhanced crack propagation are ascribed to a complex interaction of four mechanisms: intrinsic microstructural features, the embrittling effect of the environment, the slip mode arising from a combination of mechanical and microstructural contributions, and applied stress. The abnormal plastic strain-fatigue life by behaviour is attributed to differences in the distribution of deformation as a function of plastic strain amplitude.
Responding to the ACGME's competency requirements: an innovative instrument from the University of Virginia's neurology residency

The general competencies mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Outcome Project have resulted in new training requirements for most residency programs. To determine the training program changes necessary because of these new standards, the neurology residency program at the University of Virginia developed a simple grid-like instrument that links the objectives for residents' major rotations with the six ACGME general competencies. This instrument, created in 2002, helped the program develop specific training elements related to the general competencies that were identified as missing from the residency. The instrument was then converted to an evaluation tool that allows attending physicians to assess individual residents' competencies for each objective in all major rotations. The author describes the assessment and evaluation instruments, called Self Assessment and Vital Evaluation (SAVE), and their usefulness in the University of Virginia neurology residency program's initial response to the new standards. She also suggests that these instruments, with some modifications, may be of value to other residency programs.
Solving hazardous waste problems in Missouri using the EPA mobile incinerator

Abstract The U.S. EPA Mobile Incineration System has been involved in an extremely successful project in Southwest Missouri. Several dioxin sites in the area have been cleaned up using this equipment. This paper provides details of the project.
Longitudinal energy-spread evolution due to radiation cooling in a compact electron recirculator

Abstract The analytical solution for electron energy in a compact radiation-cooling recirculator is obtained. Based on the analytical solution, the evolution of a longitudinal energy distribution function is calculated. From the obtained energy distribution function, a longitudinal energy spread is obtained. An example for a Gaussian energy distribution is shown in the race-track-type cooling recirculator with a bending radius of 33.4 cm at both ends. In this example, where the initial mean beam energy and the current are 100 MeV and 100 A, respectively, it is shown that the initial relative energy spread of 2.5% is reduced to less than 1.0% after 2 million turns in the cooling recirculator.
Neurochemical and immunocytochemical studies on the distribution of N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate in rat spinal cord and some peripheral nervous tissues.

: HPLC analysis of rat spinal cord revealed a uniform distribution of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) across both longitudinal and dorsoventral axes. In contrast, ventral cord N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate (NAAG) levels were significantly higher than those measured in dorsal halves of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments. Immunocytochemical studies using an affinity-purified antiserum raised against NAAG-bovine serum albumin revealed an intense staining of motoneurons within rat spinal cord. Along with the considerable NAAG content in ventral roots, these results suggest that NAAG may be concentrated in motoneurons and play a role in motor pathways. NAAG was also present in other peripheral neural tissues, including dorsal roots, dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical ganglia, and sciatic nerve. It is interesting that NAA levels in peripheral nervous tissues were lower than those in CNS structures and that NAA levels in ventral roots and sciatic nerve were lower than NAAG levels. These findings further document a lack of correlation between NAAG and NAA levels in both central and peripheral nervous tissues. Taken together, these data demonstrate the presence of NAAG in nonglutamatergic neuronal systems and suggest a more complex role of NAAG in neuronal physiology than previously postulated.
Body size of calves from holstein dams and sired by holstein or angus bulls.

Abstract The influence of breed of sire on birth size of calves was determined from measurements on 687 calves from Holstein dams. Ten Holsteins sired 491 (H-H) calves that averaged 93lb, 30.8 in. heart girth, and 5.1 in. maximum width of head. Four Angus sired 196 (A-H) calves with comparable averages of 79lb, 29.3 in., and 5.0 in., respectively. Analysis of covariance, adjusting size of calf for size of dam, revealed that H-H calves were significantly larger in body weight, heart girth, and head width than calves sired by Angus bulls (P The average length of gestation was significantly different between breeds and between bulls within breeds (P Calving difficulties occurred in 26 births, but the incidence (1.5% for A-H calves and 4.7% for H-H calves) seemed rather low and could not be attributed to particular sires within breeds.
Effect of thoracic blood volume changes on steady state cardiac output.

We have investigated the extent to which shifts of blood volume out of or into the thoracic region influence the steady state cardiac output. The systemic circulation of anesthetized dogs was replaced with an artificial circuit which stimulated the pertinent mechanical characteristics of an intact circulation. As in the normal animal, the steady state venous return was proportional to the pressure gradient for venous return (i.e, mean systemic minus right atrial pressure). Cardiac function was altered either by administration of epinephrine or by changes in left ventricular afterload. At a constant mean aortic pressure of 100 mm Hg, epinephrine administration increased the steady state cardiac output by 55%. Half of this increase resulted from the lowered mean right atrial pressure (caused by improved cardiac function); the remainder resulted from an increased mean systemic pressure (caused by the volume shift to the systemic circulation). Increases in afterload transferred sufficient volume to the heart-lung compartment to reduce significantly the mean systemic pressure and, hence, the steady state venous return. Our results indicate that the heart-lung compartment contains a significant volume which is under cardiac control. In addition to being able to alter the right atrial pressure, the heart can modulate the steady state cardiac output by adjusting the mean systemic pressure. To this degree the heart can adjust its own venous return.
Brainstem neurons without spontaneous unit discharge

A new class of single neurons showing no spontaneous activity in waking, rapid eye movement sleep, and slow-wave sleep was found in the brainstem of unrestrained cats. Systematic testing showed that these cells discharge only in response to specific stimuli and remain silent for as long as 40 minutes in the absence of stimulation. Silent cells were widely distributed in the pons and midbrain and constituted a major percentage of observed neurons. The economy of discharge shown by these cells contrasts with the spontaneous activity of virtually all other neurons that have been observed in the brains of unrestrained animals and suggests the widespread existence of specialized neural systems that show only phasic activity.
Divide-and-Conquer Based Adaptive Coarse Grained Simulation of RNA

Molecular modeling has gained increasing importance in recent years for predicting important structural properties of large biomolecular systems such as RNA which play a critical role in various biological processes. Given the complexity of biopolymers and their interactions within living organisms, efficient and adaptive multi-scale modeling approaches are necessary if one is to reasonably perform computational studies of interest. These studies nominally involve multiple important physical phenomena occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. These systems are typically characterized by large number of degrees of freedom O(103 ) – O(107 ). The temporal domains range from sub-femto seconds (O(10−16 )) associated with the small high frequency oscillations of individual tightly bonded atoms to milliseconds (O(10−3 )) or greater for the larger scale conformational motion. The traditional approach for molecular modeling involved fully atomistic models which results in fully decoupled equations of motion. The problems with this approach are well documented in literature.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Improved turn-on times of light-emitting electrochemical cells

Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are attractive candidates for display and lighting applications. A major limitation of application of iTMC devices is their turn-on times, which range from minutes to hours at 3 V. We report novel ruthenium and iridium complexes with pendant triethylammonium groups bonded to the ligands with methylene units of various lengths. These materials lead to devices with turn-on times at 3 V as short as 2.5 min for the iridium complexes and as low as 5 s for the ruthenium complexes.
Arms trade, arms control and security: Collective action issues

This article puts forth collection action as a unifying theme for the conference essays on arms trade, control, and production. For each of these topics, collective action failures are related to group size and group composition considerations. Other issues are also examined including the manner in which individual contributions determine the overall level of the associated collective good ‐ the so‐called aggregation technology of public supply. Based on alternative aggregation technologies, the game‐theoretic underpinnings of these arms issues are explored.
The development of stimulus classes using match-to-sample procedures: Sample classification versus comparison classification☆

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate the development of stimulus classes using matching-to-sample procedures. The first three experiments involved teaching subjects to select four different comparison stimuli in response to a single sample stimulus. In the fourth experiment, the subjects were taught to select a single comparison stimulus in response to four different sample stimuli. Only one of the six subjects who received single-sample, multiple-comparison training demonstrated stimulus class development. All three subjects who were given training in selecting a single comparison stimulus in response to multiple samples demonstrated stimulus class development.
Defect dynamics in the presence of nitrogen in growing Czochralski silicon crystals

Many crystallographic imperfections termed microdefects form in silicon crystals during their Czochralski growth. These are the aggregates of vacancies, of self-interstitials, or of oxygen (silicon dioxide). The distribution of microdefects can be strongly influenced and controlled by the addition of impurities such as nitrogen to the crystal. A model describing the Czochralski defect dynamics in the presence of nitrogen and oxygen is proposed and solved. The reactions between vacancies and self-interstitials, nitrogen monomers and dimers, nitrogen and vacancies, and the reactions involving vacancies, oxygen, and complexes of vacancies and oxygen are incorporated, along with the formation of various microdefects. All microdefects are approximated as spherical clusters. The formation of all clusters is described by the classical nucleation theory. The clusters, once formed, grow by diffusion-limited kinetics. The microdefect distributions in Czochralski crystals growing under steady state as well as unsteady state are discussed.
Feminist Lines of Flight from the Majoritarian Subject

This paper characterises Deleuze and Guattari's conception of the majoritarian subject in A Thousand Plateaus as a particular – and inevitably transitory – manifestation of sexed and gendered subjectivity emerging with late capitalism from the always mutating flows of creative life and suggests that their notion of the schizo or nomadic subject can inspire feminist solutions to the impasses posed by contemporary forms of sexed, gendered, and sexual identity. Feminism can thus be conceived as a schizoanalytic practice that fosters the kind of alternative subjects for which Deleuze and Guattari call: subjects that move beyond oppressive self–other relations towards a form of subjectivity that can welcome differences as well as the differentiating force of life itself.
Optical-fiber-based measurement of an ultrasmall volume high- Q photonic crystal microcavity

A two-dimensional photonic crystal semiconductor microcavity with a quality factor $Q\ensuremath{\sim}40,000$ and a modal volume ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.9$ cubic wavelengths is demonstrated. A micron-scale optical fiber taper is used as a means to probe both the spectral and spatial properties of the cavity modes, allowing not only measurement of modal loss, but also the ability to ascertain the in-plane localization of the cavity modes. This simultaneous demonstration of high-$Q$ and ultrasmall ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in an optical microcavity is of potential interest in nonlinear optics, optoelectronics, and quantum optics, where the measured $Q$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values could enable strong coupling to both atomic and quantum dot systems.
Physiology of One-Lung Ventilation:

The understanding of the physiology and management of one-lung ventilation (OLV) has advanced over the last two decades. OLV induces an obligatory shunt through the nonventilated lung that causes varying degrees of arterial hypoxemia. Shunt may also occur in the venti lated lung. The optimal mode of ventilation of the dependent lung has not been well defined. The optimal tidal volume, respiratory rate, inspired oxygen concen tration, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during OLV are not known. Functional residual capacity (FRC) of the ventilated lung can be lower than during two-lung ventilation, causing atelectasis and arterial hypoxemia. Patients who desaturate might be expected to show improvement in oxygenation with dependent lung PEEP, because of increased FRC and reduced V/Q mismatch. Not all patients have low lung volumes, and not all patients who have low lung volumes will desatu rate. Therefore, prophylactic PEEP is not usually neces sary or appropriate. Because the predominant cause of ...
Light-Emitting Diode Versus Sham in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Trial

Objective The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the application of the light emitting diode (LED) to sham LED in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.
ADAPTIVE AND STOCHASTIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN DRYING

ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on the use of new advances in the finite element method to model and analyze drying problems, with emphasis on biological, food and grain materials. It presents the current status of the use of numerical analysis for such process, and emphasizes the need and advantages of incorporating adaptive and stochastic strategies into the finite element analysts. The existing literature on the application of the adaptive and stochastic finite elements is reviewed in conjunction with the relevant advances in this area. A new perturbation-based stochastic methodology far nonlinear and transient drying problems is formulated and presented in detail. The specific application of this new methodology to drying is under development. In conclusion, tracks for future research in this field are proposed.
Effective Transportation Demand Management: Combining Parking Pricing, Transit Incentives, and Transportation Management in a Commercial District of Portland, Oregon:

The Lloyd District is a high-density commercial and residential district located a short distance from downtown Portland, Oregon. To address parking and congestion problems, the city of Portland implemented a Lloyd District Partnership Plan in September 1997. This plan consists of a number of elements aimed at curbing single-occupancy vehicle use for the commute to and from the district. This plan included parking pricing in the form of meters (whereas on-street parking had been free), discounted transit passes, and other transportation demand management strategies. The effects of these strategies on travel and parking behavior were assessed, with an emphasis on the relationship between parking pricing and mode choice. A random sample of 1,000 employees in the Lloyd District was surveyed about their travel and parking behavior before and after the installation of the new meters. Research found that, during the 1 year that had elapsed between the implementation of the Lloyd District transportation manageme...
Cytochrome c is rapidly reduced in the cytosol after mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

Visible spectroscopy was used to measure real-time changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome c (cyt c) and the a-cytochromes (cyt aa3) of cytochrome oxidase during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) initiated by anisomycin in HL-60 cells. The oxidation state of mitochondrial cyt c was found to be ≈62% oxidized before MOMP and became ≈70% oxidized after MOMP. In contrast, the cytosolic pool of cyt c was found to be almost fully reduced. This oxidation change allows cyt c release to be continuously and quantitatively monitored in real time. Anoxia and antimycin were used to fully reduce and fully oxidize, respectively, the mitochondrial pool of cyt c and it was found that the release of cyt c was independent of it oxidation state consistent with a simple model of cyt c passively diffusing down a concentration gradient through a pore or tear in the outer membrane. After MOMP was complete, the flux of cyt c diffusing back into the mitochondria was measured from the residual mitochondrial oxygen consumption after complete inhibition of the bc1 with antimycin and myxothiazol. The outer membrane was found to be highly permeable after MOMP implying that the reduction of cyt c in the cytosol must be very rapid. The permeability of the outer membrane measured in this study would result in the release of cyt c with a time constant of less than 1 s.
Metamorphism of an ophiolitic tectonic mélange, northern California Klamath Mountains, USA

Mineral assemblages in pelitic, mafic, calcareous and ultramafic rocks within a metamorphosed tectonic melange indicate that the Marble Mountain terrane and adjacent Western Hayfork subterrane (northern California) underwent regional low- to medium-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism. Metamorphic conditions estimated by comparison of observed assemblages with experimentally-determined reaction boundaries and by geothermometry constrain metamorphic temperatures between about 500° and 570°C. The occurrence of andalusite in regionally metamorphosed pelites indicates pressures below about 370 MPa. Metabasite amphibole compositions also suggest low to intermediate metamorphic pressures. Metaserpentinites containing the upper amphibolite facies assemblage (olivine + enstatite + anthophyllite) are found locally within the study area and have been reported previously by other workers elsewhere in the Marble Mountain terrane. These assemblages may reflect higher temperatures of recrystallization than assemblages in surrounding rocks and may represent vestiges of an earlier high-temperature metamorphic event undergone by the ultramafic rocks prior to incorporation in the melange. Although the age of the low- to intermediate-pressure metamorphism is poorly constrained, cross-cutting plutons indicate that metamorphism must be older than about 162 Ma. Therefore this regional metamorphic event, which probably marks the accretion of these terranes to the North American continental margin, is older than the currently accepted 151–147 Ma age of the Nevadan event in the Klamath Mountains. The inferred low to intermediate pressures of metamorphism and the lithologies of the protoliths suggest a near-arc tectonic setting and refute a subduction zone model for this event.
Thermal deformations in a satellite telescope mirror.

Thermal perturbations on fused silica primary mirror in orbiting space telescope, with numerical analysis of radiation transfer in telescope tube
Protein methylases during the development of rat brain.

Abstract Various protein methylases ( S -adenosylmethionine : protein methyltransferases) are evenly distributed in the cerebrum of rat. Protein methylase I and II are cytosolic and protein methylase III is nuclear bound. A substantial amount of protein methylase I was also found in the synaptosome. While the amount and the rate of precursor incorporation of protein in rat brain increased during the early phase of life, the amount and the rate of radioactive precursor incorporation of DNA and RNA gradually decreased. The amount of protein methylase I ( S -adenosylmethionine : protein arginine methyltransferase) per cell or in the total brain increases after birth until 10 days of life, and thereafter remains unchanged. Protein methylase III activity ( S -adenosylmethionine : protein-lysine methyltransferase) also increases until 10 days after birth, however, it decreases significantly thereafter. Contrary to the above two enzymes, protein methylase II activity ( S -adenosylmethionine : protein carboxyl methyltransferase) increases continually until puberty. Since myelination begins at about 10 days after birth in rat, and degenerative mutant jimpy mice contain normal amounts of the protein methylases, the above result suggests that methylation of protein in the brain might not be related to the formation of myelin.
Characterization of Hydrogen Permeation Through a Corrosion-Resistant Zinc-Nickel-Phosphorus Alloy

Abstract Hydrogen permeation characteristics of a new Zn-Ni-P alloy were studied and compared with that of a Zn-Ni alloy. The Zn-Ni-P alloy was deposited from an acid sulfate bath containing 0.5 M ...
Note on Thermal Expansion and Microstresses in Two‐Phase Compositions

Thermal expansion data for W–MgO and AlSiO2 compositions are not simply averages of end-member values but agree quantitatively with calculations based on the assumption of substantial residual microstresses resulting from the restraint of each phase on cooling.
Investigation of the electrical conductivity of propylene glycol-based ZnO nanofluids

Electrical conductivity is an important property for technological applications of nanofluids that has not been widely studied. Conventional descriptions such as the Maxwell model do not account for surface charge effects that play an important role in electrical conductivity, particularly at higher nanoparticle volume fractions. Here, we perform electrical characterizations of propylene glycol-based ZnO nanofluids with volume fractions as high as 7%, measuring up to a 100-fold increase in electrical conductivity over the base fluid. We observe a large increase in electrical conductivity with increasing volume fraction and decreasing particle size as well as a leveling off of the increase at high volume fractions. These experimental trends are shown to be consistent with an electrical conductivity model previously developed for colloidal suspensions in salt-free media. In particular, the leveling off of electrical conductivity at high volume fractions, which we attribute to counter-ion condensation, represents a significant departure from the "linear fit" models previously used to describe the electrical conductivity of nanofluids.
Sarcocystis SP. IN THE EASTERN COTTONTAIL (Sylvilagus floridanus)

Sarcocystis sp. was observed in 100 of 185 (54.1%) Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) examined in Pennsylvania over a three year period. Gross and histologic examination commonly revealed cysts in skeletal muscle of the fore and hind legs, flanks and loins. Two rabbits had cysts in esophageal skeletal muscle. Host response to Sarcocystis sp. is described. Adult rabbits had a significantly greater rate of infection (69.3%) than juveniles (20.7%) (P<0.01).
The Ontology and Epistemology of Social Reality in Accounting According to Mattessich

ABSTRACT: Mattessich (2009) is a response to a previous discussion on the ontology and epistemology of social reality in accounting by Lee (2006a, 2006b), Macintosh (2006), and Williams (2006). The original discussion was motivated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) (2002a) commitment to introduce principles‐based accounting standards (PBAS) based on its conceptual framework (CF). Lee (2006a, 2006b) argues that PBAS requires the FASB to recognize social reality in its CF. While agreeing with this argument generally, Mattessich (2009) states that, compared to the social reality construction model (SRCM) of Searle (1995) adopted by Lee (2006a), the onion model of reality (OMR) is more relevant to standard setters such as the FASB when they consider social reality in accounting. The purpose of this response to Mattessich (2009) is to contrast the SRCM and the OMR in the context of accounting for social reality, the FASB's ongoing revision of its CF, and recent accounting events in the globa...
Female Autonomy, the Family, and Industrialization in Java

It is generally argued that industrialization has an adverse affect on the position of women due to their exclusion from industrial employment and the resultant erosion of their status. This article addresses a case study to the question of gender stratification and industrialization by analyzing the relationship between factory daughters and their families in Java, Indonesia. The case study suggests that industrialization at the very least maintains, and may even enhance, female status within the family. I compare this Southeast Asian case with the East Asian experience to demonstrate the important role family systems play in mediating the effects of industrialization upon women and family change.
Disentangling life events, stress and social support: Implications for the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect

There is a growing body of literature linking stress and child abuse and neglect, but the relationship is not unambiguously supported by empirical data. Two considerations regarding Garbarino's ecological model of child abuse and neglect may explain this research problem. First, any of the predisposing factors, which are grouped into four levels called individual, familial, social, and cultural, may either positively or negatively affect the potential for child abuse and neglect depending upon the quality of social networks and social supports available to families. Second, these factors operate most importantly, not between the perception of stress and the act of abuse or neglect, but through the interpretation of whether a given life event is stressful or not. This clarification of the ecological model points the way to redefining interventions for the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect. Existing support systems can be strengthened in order to increase a family's ability to cope with untoward events before these become stressful. In addition, advocacy activities which support children and families in general can be major components in the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect.
UAV cooperative control with stochastic risk models

Risk and reward are fundamental concepts in the cooperative control of unmanned systems. This paper focuses on a constructive relationship between a cooperative planner and a learner in order to mitigate the learning risk while boosting the asymptotic performance and safety of agent behavior. Our framework is an instance of the intelligent cooperative control architecture (iCCA) where a learner (Natural actor-critic, Sarsa) initially follows a “safe” policy generated by a cooperative planner (consensus-based bundle algorithm). The learner incrementally improves this baseline policy through interaction, while avoiding behaviors believed to be “risky”. This paper extends previous work toward the coupling of learning and cooperative control strategies in real-time stochastic domains in two ways: (1) the risk analysis module supports stochastic risk models, and (2) learning schemes that do not store the policy as a separate entity are integrated with the cooperative planner extending the applicability of iCCA framework. The performance of the resulting approaches are demonstrated through simulation of limited fuel UAVs in a stochastic task assignment problem. Results show an 8% reduction in risk, while improving the performance up to 30%.
Can Bundled Discounting Increase Consumer Prices Without Excluding Rivals? A Comment on 'Tying, Bundled Discounts, and the Death of the Single Monopoly Profit' by Einer Elhauge

Since we abhor suspense, we will quickly answer the question our title poses: No. As a general matter, bundled discounting schemes lower prices to consumers unless they are predatory - that is to say, unless they exclude rivals and thereby permit the bundled discounter to price free of competitive restraint. Professor Elhauge argues that bundled discounting can have “power effects” identical to conventional tying arrangements irrespective of any exclusionary effect on rivals as well as that cost/revenue tests for bundled discounting perversely immunize the worst bundled discounting schemes - those that represent the highest non-exclusionary price increases to consumers. We disagree with Professor Elhauge on these propositions, as we do on many of the earlier arguments in his draft. For the purposes of this symposium, we tackle only the last of these propositions. In brief, we argue that Elhauge’s “power effects” thesis as to bundled discounts rests on a faulty premise - that the monopolist is free to threaten an unlimited price on the monopoly item in the bundle and, consequently, can charge a higher price for the bundle than it could for sales of the goods individually. To the contrary, since a rational monopolist will already have charged the profit-maximizing monopoly price on the monopoly item, its threat to charge a higher price unless the customer accedes to a bundled discount demand is hollow. Execution of such a threat would harm the monopolist, and harm it considerably more than the opposite predatory strategy of cutting prices.