cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin receptor regulation of gastric enterochromaffin-like cell transformation to gastric carcinoid.

Background . Although somatostatin is recognized as an inhibitor of neuroendocrine cell secretion, its effect on cell proliferation has not been well defined. Generation of low acid and hypergastrinemia through irreversible H 2 -receptor blockade (loxtidine) in the African rodent mastomys results in gastric carcinoids (ECLomas) within 4 months. This study was undertaken to evaluate and characterize the precise somatostatin receptor (SST R ) subtype on the mastomys enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell and to define its role in the regulation of ECL cell secretion and proliferation. Methods . A pure preparation (approximately 90%) of ECL cells was derived by a combination of pronase digestion and density gradient separation. We assessed the effect of somatostatin (10 −15 to 10 −7 mol/L) on gastrin-stimulated ECL cell histamine secretion and DNA synthesis (bromodeoxyuridine uptake). SST R 2 subtype was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using gene specific primers and mRNA isolated from normal and hypergastrinemia-induced ECLoma. The polymerase chain reaction product was confirmed by Southern analysis, subcloned, and sequenced. Results . Somatostatin inhibited both gastrin-stimulated histamine secretion (IC 50 , 5×10 −13 mol/L) and DNA synthesis (IC 50 , 10 −10 mol/L). SST R 2 was identified in the mastomys' brain, and both normal and tumor ECL cells and comparison of the brain and ECL cell SST R 2 nucleotide sequences revealed homology of 99%. Conclusions . The SST R 2 is expressed by the mastomys' ECL cell and ECLoma. Receptor activation inhibits both ECL cell secretory and proliferative functions.
EPIC: Efficient path-independent capabilities in mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we investigate the issues that arise in the use of network capabilities to facilitate DoS prevention and mitigation in mobile ad hoc networks. Most proposals for capability-based protocols in wired networks depend upon routers on the path between the sender and receiver maintaining state that enables them to verify a capability. Frequent route changes make it necessary for any capability-based protocol for MANETs to re-establish this state as efficiently as possible. We propose EPIC, a method based on reverse-disclosure hash chains to support the establishment of path-independent capabilities and show how they can be efficiently maintained in a high mobility environment. Simulation results show that EPIC provides a 25.9% increase in performance and a 38.3% increase in efficiency over route-dependent capabilities.
The Value of Building Codes

We present a double moral hazard model to study the impact of building codes on the safety/quality level chosen by the builder and the level of care expended by the buyer. We show that codes can be a mechanism to implement the first-best solution provided: (1) The code prescribes the optimum safety level, (2) The code uses the efficient technology to achieve the optimum safety level, and (3) The courts use Negligence Rule as the liability rule. We argue, however, that codes in general do not use the efficient technology. We provide an alternative mechanism to implement the first-best solution. This mechanism is a contract between the builder and the buyer that specifies the level of safety jquality to be expended by the builder. We prove that the contract is a more effective and more efficient mechanism than are the building codes.
Case studies and activities in adult education and human resource development

Case studies and activities in adult education and human resource development, by Steven W. Schmidt, A volume in adult education special topics: theory, research and practice in lifelong learning, ...
DISTINCT COPY NUMBER ALTERATIONS AND INCIDENCE OF CHROMOTHRIPSIS ASSOCIATED WITH GRADE AND PROGNOSIS IN IDH MUTANT AND WILD-TYPE GLIOMAS

BACKGROUND: Both IDH mutated (IDHmut) and wild-type (IDHwt) lower grade gliomas can progress to GBM. However, a detailed study of alterations associated with progression of these molecularly distinct tumor types has not been described. Here we perform an analysis of copy number alterations (CNA) across all grades (Grade II-II and Grade IV) IDHmut vs IDHwt infiltrating gliomas. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 94 patient FFPE glioma samples from 4 clinical and molecular groups: Grade II-III IDHwt (n = 17), Grade II-III IDHmut (n = 28), Grade IV IDHwt (n = 25), and Grade IV IDHmut (n = 24). CNA were detected by molecular inversion probes (OncoScan FFPE Express, Affymetrix) and analyzed with Nexus Copy Number Software (BioDiscovery). GISTIC was used to define deletions and amplifications. Chromothripsis (“chromosomal shattering”) was defined using stringent criteria of at least ten switches of CNA in individual chromosomes. RESULTS: Unsupervised clustering of CNAs demonstrated distinct clusters within IDHmut gliomas that correlated with grade. However, within IDHwt gliomas all grades clustered together regardless of grade, with Chr7 amplification (including EGFR) and loss of Chr10 (including PTEN) seen in most tumors. IDHwt Grade II-III and Grade IV tumors both displayed relatively poor prognosis (median survivals of 65.4 and 37.4 weeks). However, IDHmut gliomas had better survival for all grades (604.3 weeks for Grade II-III and 270.3 weeks for Grade IV). Grade IV IDHmut gliomas were more likely to have gains of 1q25.3 (SMG7, NCF2), 1q32.1 (KIF14, DDX59, BTG2), 6p21.1 (HSP90AB1 and other genes) and loss of 3p21 compared with Grade II-III. Functional analyses showed that IDHwt tumors had more amplifications in receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream pathways. In terms of novel prognostic markers within IDHmut Grade II-III tumors, multivariate analysis identified loss of estrogen receptor B and loss of 10q26.3 containing part of GLRX3 as poor prognostic factors, and CDKN1C loss as a good prognostic factor. Finally, significantly higher incidence of chromothripsis events were observed in grade IV IDHmut compared to IDHwt. CONCLUSIONS: CNA analysis demonstrated significant differences in molecular ontogeny, progression, and prognosis between IDHwt and IDHmut gliomas, which may serve to further elucidate pathogenesis of these distinct tumor types. Significant CNA increases and increased chromothripsis in grade IV IDHmut support malignant transformation of IDHmut low grade gliomas through accumulation of genomic instability, that results later in partial overlap of CNA alterations that are seen earlier in the development of IDHwt tumors. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
Tumor-to-tumor variability in the hypoxic fractions of experimental rodent tumors

Summary Paired determinations of the radiation responses of normally-aerated and artificially hypoxic rodent tumors, performed to measure the hypoxic fractions of the tumors, were obtained from our own laboratories and from the literature. The data were reanalyzed to assess whether the variabilities in the radiation responses of the normally-aerated and artificially hypoxic tumors were similar. If there were large differences in the hypoxic fractions of individual tumors within the experiments, the variability in the data from aerobic tumors would be expected to be greater than the variability in the data from artificially hypoxic tumors (which should all be brought to uniform hypoxia and therefore uniform radioresistance). The analyses revealed the variability to be as great or greater for hypoxic tumors as for normally-aerated tumors. This finding suggests that factors other than tumor-to-tumor differences in oxygenation produce most of the variability in the radiation responses of individual tumors from an experimental tumor line.
Experimental Investigation of Single-Phase Microjet Array Impingement Cooling

The heat transfer performance of two microjet arrays using degassed deionized water was investigated. The in-line jet arrays had a spacing of 250 μm, a standoff of 200 μm, and diameters of 54 and 112 μm. Average heat transfer coefficients were obtained for 150 < Red < 3300 and ranged from 80,000 to 414,000 W/m2 -K. A heat flux of 1,110 W/cm2 was attained with 23 °C water and a surface temperature of 50 °C.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Microbial bioavailability of pyrene in three laboratory-contaminated soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Abstract Changes in bioavailability of pyrene in three uncontaminated soils were examined under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Three soils were aerobically aged with pyrene and [14C]pyrene for 63 days, then incubated with water, nitrate, or sulfate under aerobic or anaerobic conditions for one year. Under aerobic conditions, microorganisms in two soils mineralized 58–82% of the added [14C]pyrene. The two soils amended with nitrate were seen to have enhanced aerobic mineralization rates. In one of these soils, non-extractable pyrene was seen to decrease over the course of the study due to desorption and mineralization, nitrate amendment enhanced this effect. Under anaerobic conditions, generated with a N2 : CO2(g) headspace, two soils with nitrate or sulfate amendment showed an increase in extractable [14C]pyrene at 365 days relative to inhibited controls, presumably due to microbially mediated oxidation–reduction potential and pH alteration of the soil environment. These observations in different soils incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions have important implications relative to the impact of microbial electron acceptors on bioavailability and transport of non-polar organic compounds in the environment suggesting that, given enough time, under the appropriate environmental conditions, non-extractable material becomes bioavailable. This information should be considered when assessing site specific exposure risks at PAH contaminated locations.
Role of connective tissue growth factor in oval cell response during liver regeneration after 2-AAF/PHx in rats.

Background & Aims: Recruitment and proliferation of Thy-1+ oval cells is a hallmark of liver regeneration after 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PHx) in rats. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this process, we investigated the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), one of the candidate genes differentially expressed in Thy-1+ oval cells, in this liver injury model. Methods: Northern and Western analyses were performed to examine the induction of CTGF in total liver homogenate. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent staining, and in situ hybridization were performed to confirm the expression and localization of CTGF in Thy-1+ oval cells. Finally, a known inhibitor of CTGF synthesis, Iloprost, was administered to 2-AAF/PHx treated rats to investigate the effect of Iloprost on oval cell response. Results: CTGF was found to be up-regulated at both the RNA and protein levels and occurred concurrently with an up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Sorted Thy-1+ oval cells expressed a high level of CTGF gene in a quantitative PCR assay. Colocalization of Thy-1 antigen and ctgf signals by in situ hybridization further confirmed that Thy-1+ oval cells were a source of CTGF. Iloprost administration blocked CTGF induction in treated animals but did not affect TGF-β1 expression. The inhibition of CTGF induction by Iloprost was associated with a significant decrease in oval cell proliferation and a lower level of α-fetoprotein expression as compared with control animals. Conclusions: These results show that CTGF induction is important for robust oval cell response after 2-AAF/PHx treatment in rats.
Support of cochlear metabolic and ion transport processes solely by perilymphatic perfusion

Morphologic considerations would seem to suggest that the cochlear duct could not be maintained in a fully functional state in the absence of a blood supply. We found, however, that perilymphatic perfusion could be used as a substitute for the normal vascular circulation. The criteria used to determine cochlear function included (1) normal endocochlear potential, (2) normal net secretory flux of rubidium (as a tracer for K), and (3) normal levels of ATP in both the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis. All criteria were satisfied by our perfusion regimen.
Seismic chronostratigraphy and basin development at a Mid-Cretaceous intrashelf basin margin

The Mid-Cretaceous Wasia Formation represents one of the most productive hydrocarbon carbonate sequences in the Middle East. In Saudi Arabia, limited integrated studies have assessed the complexity and spatial distribution of its reservoir depositional systems near to an intrashelf basin margin. This study was focused on an assessment of its 3D seismic chronostratigraphy by integrating key well and seismic data to evaluate the gross depositional history of the mixed carbonate-clastic system. A seismic chronostratigraphy approach was introduced to assess the geometric relationships of depositional cycles and lithologic associations in response to relative sea-level changes. The main step entailed the correlation of well log chronostratigraphy from core and biostratigraphy interpretations with closely spaced, semiautomatically generated seismic horizons from seismic reflection data. A 3D seismic chronostratigraphy cube was built to interactively assess the basin history through the Mid-Cretaceous stages. Seismic sequences were selected to assess isopachs and gross depositional trends for demarcation of shelf, shelf margin, and slope from horizon attributes including root-mean-square amplitude and frequency decomposition. The results found the oldest Albian Safaniya member to be a generalized low-angle ramp shelf slope with thinning of sequences toward an intrashelf basin. Later, in the Albian, Cenomanian, and Turonian, carbonate factories developed distinct seismic sequences with steepened prograding systems in the Mauddud, Ahmadi/Rumaila, and Mishrif members at the intrashelf basin margin. Generally, areas immediately landward of the shelf margin possessed the most favorable reservoir lithologies of rudist-bearing platform carbonates, with source-rock distribution confined to basinal equivalents of sequences. The seismic chronostratigraphy approach proved to be fundamental to understanding the Wasia carbonate depositional system because it provided a technique to assess the varied stratal architectures of the main productive sequences. The integrated technique represents a unique methodology for exploration targeting of conventional reservoirs and unconventional source rocks.
Cloning of a thyroid hormone-responsive Rana catesbeiana c-erbA-beta gene.

Two types of thyroid hormone receptor (c-erbA) gene have been identified in mammals and in lower species including chickens and the amphibian Xenopus laevis. The two genes are located on different chromosomes and have been named TRα and TRβ We have described previously the cloning of a TRβ cDNA from Rana catesbeiana (RC) tissues (RC15) and we now report the cloning of a TRβ cDNA from this species. The cloning strategy employed utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with primers based on the sequences of the X. laevis TRβ cDNA (XenTRβ) and an RCTRβ genomic clone, which, by analogy with XenTRβ, contains some of the 3′ end of the open reading frame together with 3′-untranslated sequences. At the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, the cloned RCTRβ cDNA is 90% and 98% homologous with XenTRβ, and 72% and 76% homologous with RC15. Following in vitro transcription and translation, the cDNA was shown to encode a 48 kilodalton protein which binds 3,5, 3′-triiodothyronine (T3) with high affinity (mean Kd: 0.032 nM). Samples of total or poly(A)+RNA from tadpoles at different stages of metamorphosis and from adult frogs were analyzed for the presence ofTRβ-specific transcripts by slot blot analysis using as probe a 258 bp section of the RCTRβ cDNA. This section of the cDNA does not hybridize to the corresponding section of RC15. In confirmation of previous findings, β-specific transcripts were not detected in RNA from tadpole red blood cells (RBCs) and none was found in RBCs from adult frogs. However, β-specific transcripts were detected in RNA from tail, skin, and liver of stage XIII tadpoles, and the levels were greatly increased in these tissues during metamorphic climax. In the adult frog, the level was minimal in all tissues studied. In other studies using stage XII tadpoles and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, β-specific transcripts were readily detected in tail, skin, kidney, leg, heart, intestine, and eye but minimal or absent in liver, brain, and RBCs. Within 2 days of injection of T3, the level of β-specific transcripts was markedly increased in all tissues. These findings strongly suggest that the expression of the RCTRβ gene is regulated developmentally and/or by thyroid hormone in most tissues of the RC tadpole. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Char Combustion: Measurement and Analysis of Particle Temperature Histories

Single particle combustion experiments were carried out with 50-100 μm char particles derived from one lignite and one HVA bituminous coal. Reactor wall temperatures in the range 1050 K to 1450 K and oxygen partial pressures of 0.21 and 0.5 were used. The complete temperature-time histories of individual burning particles were measured using two-color optical pyrometry techniques. Apparent combustion rate parameters of the chars were then estimated using a model of single particle combustion and taking into account the random particle-to-particle property variation.
Methods of computer aided analysis and design for surface acoustic wave devices

The authors present some models, design methods and analysis techniques used in SAW-CAD (surface-acoustic-wave computer-aided design). They provide an introduction to CAD system options, implementation, and philosophy; including computer hardware considerations. The basic elements for a SAW-filter CAD system are presented which include both design and analysis. Examples of simulations and results are shown. Finally, a brief description of structural layout considerations for SAW components, and individual die and wafer layout are presented. >
Misconceptions of Peer Rejection and Problem Behavior Understanding Aggression in Students with Mild Disabilities

This article examines the need to consider social interactional processes in the development of interventions to address the adjustment of aggressive and disruptive youth with mild disabilities. Social interventions for youth with mild disabilities have in some ways ignored the contributions of classroom and school social dynamics in the growth and maintenance of problematic behavior patterns. Misconceptions surrounding peer rejection and problem behavior are identified, and are considered in relation to research on the social relations of youth with mild disabilities. Implications for social interventions for aggressive and disruptive youth with mild disabilities are discussed.
Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Abstract Objective To develop protocols to photograph and evaluate retinal vascular abnormalities in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study; to test reproducibility of the grading system; and to explore the relationship of these microvascular changes with blood pressure. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants Among 4 examination centers, 11,114 participants (48–73 years of age) at their third triennial examination, after excluding persons with diabetes from this analysis. Methods One eye of each participant was photographed by technicians with nonmydriatic fundus cameras. Reading center graders evaluated focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous (AV) nicking, and retinopathy by examining slides on a light box and measured diameters of all vessels in a zone surrounding the optic disc on enhanced digitized images. To gauge generalized narrowing, vessel diameters were combined into central arteriolar and venular equivalents with formulas adjusting for branching, and the ratio of equivalents (A/V ratio) was calculated. Main outcome measures Retinal vascular abnormalities, mean arteriolar blood pressure (MABP). Results Among 11,114 participants, photographs were obtained of 99%, with quality sufficient to perform retinal evaluations in 81%. In the 9040 subjects with usable photographs, A/V ratio (lower values indicate generalized arteriolar narrowing) ranged from 0.57 to 1.22 (median = 0.84, interquartile range=0.10), focal arteriolar narrowing was found in 7%, AV nicking in 6%, and retinopathy in 4%. Because of attrition of subjects and limitation of methods, prevalence of abnormality was likely underestimated. Controlling for gender, race, age, and smoking status, these retinal changes were associated with higher blood pressure. For every 10-mmHg increase in MABP, A/V ratio decreased by 0.02 unit ( P focal narrowing had MABP approximately 8 mmHg higher than those without ( P Conclusion Protocols have been developed for nonmydriatic fundus photography and for evaluation of retinal vascular abnormalities. Several microvascular changes were significantly associated with higher blood pressure; follow-up will show whether these are predictive of later cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease independently of other known risk factors.
Tomographic Imaging of Nanostructures with Next Generation HAADF-STEM

"The submitted manuscript has been authored by acontractor of the U.S. Government under contract No.DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S.Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license topublish or reproduce the published form of thiscontribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Governmentpurposes."
The Fields of Crystal Engineering and Ionic Liquids Are Actually Quite Similar

The fields of Crystal Engineering, the study and engineering of the crystalline solid state of materials, and Ionic Liquids, the study and engineering of the liquid state of salts that typically melt below 100, would seem at first glance polar opposites, but are they?
Is Consent Useful When Resuscitation Isn't?

A Do Not Resuscitate order reflects a considered judgment that a physician can no longer stave off death. Why, then, have a patient consent to such an order? The primary point is that physicians should share with patients their judgment about what medicine can and cannot do. Because we cannot make death go away, we must make decisions about when to withhold or limit resuscitation openly, in honest and trusting conversation between doctor and patient.
CFD Simulation of the Separation Zone of an Annular Centrifugal Contactor

Abstract This paper presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow inside the rotor of an annular centrifugal contactor. The model geometry was based on the rotor of a commercially available contactor unit with a closed upper weir. Simulations were performed at various flow rates and it was found that the narrow flow area above the upper weir seals with water at high flow rates resulting in the formation of a siphon. A method for predicting the zero-point flow rate from CFD was also developed and simulations were performed which demonstrate a zero-point elevation due to this siphon.
Feasibility analysis of a solar photovoltaic array integrated on façades of a commercial building

BIPV market is growing fast and contributing to zero-energy buildings. Installing PV systems on walls is unusual, however it has a huge potential to stimulate zero-energy buildings. The production of energy from photovoltaic panels installed vertically is difficult to predict due to some reasons like the interference of shadows caused by nearby buildings or adjacent vegetation, and the lower yield contributed by the radiation mostly because of its angle of incidence. This article aims to determine a method to predict the amount of energy produced by PV systems installed on facades, providing information for engineers to make decisions about the installation of photovoltaic panels on building surfaces.
Labour market in cross-country regions

The development in the labour market, unemployment, the lack of job opportunities and the adjoining migration of the population with all the consequences are still more topical questions. The endangered groups of people are women, people with low qualification and the young people including the graduates from secondary schools and universities. The situation in the South-Bohemian Region is in comparison with the whole Czech Republic more convenient. One of the reasons is also the better opportunity to work in the cross-country regions in Austria. The Czech citizens use this opportunity not only for the financial reasons (although these reasons are the most evident) but also for the reason of getting new experience. From the Austrian side the influx of foreign workers from one point of view is convenient (cheap labour force, seasonal labour in agriculture and forestry), but from the other point of view there is fear from raised competition and mainly after the entrance of the Czech Republic to the EU.
A demonstration of HadoopViz: an extensible MapReduce system for visualizing big spatial data

This demonstration presents HadoopViz; an extensible MapReduce-based system for visualizing Big Spatial Data. HadoopViz has two main unique features that distinguish it from other techniques. (1) It provides an extensible interface that allows users to visualize various types of data by defining five abstract functions, without delving into the details of the MapReduce algorithms. We show how it is used to create four types of visualizations, namely, scatter plot, road network, frequency heat map, and temperature heat map. (2) HadoopViz is capable of generating big images with giga-pixel resolution by employing a three-phase approach of partitioning, rasterize, and merging. HadoopViz generates single and multi-level images, where the latter allows users to zoom in/out to get more/less details. Both types of images are generated with a very high resolution using the extensible and scalable framework of HadoopViz.
The Mucosal Immune System and Secretory IgA

In the 1920s, investigators in Russia and in France noted that individuals infected with Shigella and other pathogens possessed antibodies to these bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract in the absence of serum antibodies to the same microorganisms. These observations hinted at the presence of an immune system associated with external secretions that differed from the systemic adaptive immune response. In the 1960s, investigators demonstrated a unique form of IgA (secretory IgA, sIgA) in human saliva, colostrum, and intestinal fluids. sIgA is synthesized locally by cells of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and exists primarily as polymers of the basic IgA molecule. sIgA incorporates a unique polypeptide chain, secretory component, synthesized by epithelial cells of the mucous membranes that functions to facilitate the transport of sIgA into the secretions. In certain anatomical sites including the small intestine, the secretory immune system is characterized by the presence of specialized epithelial cells (M cells) that are involved in the transport of antigens from the lumen of the organs to the underlying lymphoid tissue. Finally, lymphocytes of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue circulate within the body but express surface molecules that allow them to return to other mucosal sites to provide specific immunity to these sites.
How self-harmers use the body as an interpretive canvass

This commentary to Arcoverde, Amazonas, and de Lima builds off their advice to psychologists to attend to the varied and multiple meanings of self-harming conduct. Its focus is on how in the absence of the ability to symbolically communicate, self-harmers use their bodies to communicate the need to make meaning of their experiences (emotional, interpersonal, and cognitive). The physical usage of the body challenges the therapeutic field, providing at once avenues for novel meaning making, but also the potential to undermine these processes. Some thoughts are offered about the role of the therapist in this context.
Optimal replacement policies under environment-driven degradation

We examine the problem of optimally maintaining a stochastically degrading system using preventive and reactive replacements. The system's rate of degradation is modulated by an exogenous stochastic environment process, and the system fails when its cumulative degradation level first reaches a fixed deterministic threshold. The objective is to minimize the total expected discounted cost of preventively and reactively replacing such a system over an infinite planning horizon. To this end, we present and analyze a Markov decision process model. It is shown that, for each environment state, there exists an optimal threshold-type replacement policy. Additionally, empirical evidence suggests that, when the environment process is monotone, and the state-dependent degradation rates are totally ordered, the optimal threshold is monotone. Lastly, we derive closed-form bounds on the optimal thresholds.
AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES FROM HAWAII

SUMMARY Seventeen species of freshwater hyphomycetes were isolated from streams in the Hawaiian Islands. The islands of Oahu, Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii were surveyed. Ten of the species are new records for Hawaii. The distribution of the aquatic hyphomycetes and their possible modes of transport to the Hawaiian Islands are discussed. The freshwater hyphomycetes seem to be worldwide in distribution. The majority of species, however, have been found in cold and temperate regions, the most extensively explored ones. It would seem that the tropics, so rich in other species, should have an equally rich freshwaterhyphomycete flora.
Dilator effects of amino acid neurotransmitters on piglet pial arterioles.

We examined the effects of topically applied amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and taurine) and a synthetic glutamate analogue [N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)] on pial arteriolar tone and co...
Multiplexed multi-scale imaging: novel roles for the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in epithelial cell development (Conference Presentation)

The precise sub-cellular spatial localization of multi-protein complexes is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism governing the organization of mammalian cells. Consequently, there is a need for novel microscopy techniques capable of investigating such sub-cellular architectures in comprehensive detail. Here, we applied a novel multiplexed STORM super-resolution microscopy technique, in combination with high-throughput immunofluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging, to investigate the roles of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in epithelial cells. IQGAP1 is known to orchestrate a wide range of biological processes, including intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, cell-cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, by forming distinct complexes with a number of known interaction partners, and recruiting these complexes to specific subcellular locations. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to supporting epithelial adherens junctions by associating with specialized cortical actin structures, IQGAP1 plays a second role in which it controls the confinement of a unique, previously undocumented class of membranous compartments to the basal actin cortex. These largely immotile yet highly dynamic structures appear transiently as cells merge into clusters and establish of apical-basolateral (epithelial) polarity, and are identified as an intermediate compartment in the endocytic recycling pathways for cell junction complexes and cell surface receptors. Although these two functions of IQGAP1 occur in parallel and largely independently of each other, they both support the maturation and maintenance of polarized epithelial cell architectures.
Crumbs: Lightweight Daily Food Challenges to Promote Engagement and Mindfulness

Many people struggle with efforts to make healthy behavior changes, such as healthy eating. Several existing approaches promote healthy eating, but present high barriers and yield limited engagement. As a lightweight alternative approach to promoting mindful eating, we introduce and examine crumbs: daily food challenges completed by consuming one food that meets the challenge. We examine crumbs through developing and deploying the iPhone application Food4Thought. In a 3 week field study with 61 participants, crumbs supported engagement and mindfulness while offering opportunities to learn about food. Our 2x2 study compared nutrition versus non-nutrition crumbs coupled with social versus non-social features. Nutrition crumbs often felt more purposeful to participants, but non-nutrition crumbs increased mindfulness more than nutrition crumbs. Social features helped sustain engagement and were important for engagement with non-nutrition crumbs. Social features also enabled learning about the variety of foods other people use to meet a challenge.
Components of electrogenic transport in unstimulated equine tracheal epithelium.

Basic components of unstimulated electrolyte transport across equine tracheal mucosa were characterized. After the tissue was mounted in Ussing chambers, both current and tissue resistance gradually increased for approximately 60 min before reaching stable values. Thereafter, under open-circuit conditions, the tissue had a resistance of 250 +/- 14 omega.cm2, generated a transepithelial potential difference of -34 +/- 1.7 (SE) mV (referenced to the serosal side) and an equivalent short-circuit current (Ieqsc) of -149 +/- 10.2 microA/cm2. Even though 10(-5) M amiloride reduced the current by approximately 65%, mucosal Na+ substitution with choline decreased the current significantly more (approximately 80%), indicating that part of the Na(+)-dependent current was amiloride insensitive. No current decrease occurred after serosal application of 10(-4) M bumetanide, which was expected to inhibit Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-)-mediated Cl- secretion, even though bilateral Cl- substitution with gluconate reduced Ieqsc by approximately 30 microA/cm2. Continuous short-circuit conditions caused a reversible fall in the short-circuit current that was inhibited by amiloride but not by Cl- depletion, suggesting that sustained short circuiting leads to a significant underestimation of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport. In the absence of Cl-, the response to amiloride was significantly smaller, which suggests that Cl- depletion also has an inhibitory effect on electrogenic, amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption.
New Fast, Portable, and Relatively Low Cost Pulsed Eddy Current Instrument that LocatesFlaws in Layered Structures has Many Potential Applications

(1997). New Fast, Portable, and Relatively Low Cost Pulsed Eddy Current Instrument that LocatesFlaws in Layered Structures has Many Potential Applications. Materials Technology: Vol. 12, No. 3-4, pp. 101-103.
Drug discovery against category A-C pathogens through MEP pathway

T World Health Organization estimates that around 1.5 billion people are currently infected with latent tuberculosis (TB). Each year, 8 million people develop active disease and of these approximately 20% of the cases are multiple drug resistant and 2% are extensively drug resistant. In all, the annual death toll from TB is 2-3 million people worldwide. However, in spite of recent intensive research no new classes and delivery methods of anti-TB drugs have been developed for clinical use since the 1960’s. In this context, designing, developing and delivering a new drug is very important. To date two different biosynthetic pathways have been reported leading to isopentenyldiphosphate, the universal precursor of isoprenoids. The mevalonate pathway is found in animals whereas the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) or non-mevalonatepathway is found in many bacteria, some protozoa and plants. Since the MEP pathway is not found in mammalian cells, it is considered an attractive target for the development of antimicrobials, antimalarials and herbicidal agents; a hypothesis that is being explored by raising number of researchers recently. In recent years, we reported enantioselective synthesis of DXP, MEP, CDPME, CDPME2P and MECPP, the substrates for assay development. In addition the kinetic studies of mycobacterial DXS, IspC, IspD, IspE, and IspF were also reported while developing assay. Computational screening against 14 million compounds gave us a good drug lead. With the newly synthesized MEP, CDPME substrate and developed assay a new IspD and IspE inhibitor were discovered showing good IC50 and MIC.
Cognitive fatigue is associated with reduced anterior internal capsule integrity in veterans with history of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury.

No known studies have directly examined white matter microstructural correlates of cognitive fatigue post-TBI in a Veteran sample. We therefore investigated the relationship between cognitive fatigue and white matter integrity in Veterans with history of mild to moderate TBI (mmTBI). 59 Veterans (TBI = 34, Veteran Controls [VCs] = 25]) with and without history of mmTBI underwent structural 3T DTI scans and completed questionnaires related to cognitive fatigue and psychiatric symptoms. Tractography was employed on six regions of interest, including the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule; genu; body and splenium of the corpus callosum; and cingulum bundle. Group analyses revealed that those with history of mmTBI displayed significantly greater levels of cognitive fatigue relative to those with no history of head injury (p = .02). Within the mmTBI group, independent of psychiatric symptoms, decreased white matter microstructural integrity of the left anterior internal capsule was associated with greater levels of cognitive fatigue (p = .01). Results show that the subjective experience of cognitive fatigue following neurotrauma may be linked to the disruption of striato-thalamo-cortical tracts that are important in mediating arousal and higher-order cognitive processes. These findings build upon those from existing functional neuroimaging studies in those with history of TBI, providing further evidence for the neural basis of cognitive fatigue in head injured adults.
Probing changes in Hg(II) coordination during its bacterial uptake

We present XAFS data collected at the Hg LIII-edge for bacterial cells of Escherichia coli that have been exposed to 500 and 50 nano-molar Hg2+ in aqueous solution, which corresponds to ~30 and ~3μg Hg per g cells (wet weight). These concentrations are respectively 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower than what has been previously reported for Hg-bacteria XAFS experiments. The cells were metabolically active while exposed to Hg(II), providing coordination information that can be directly compared to Hg(II) biouptake experiments. At these amounts of total dissolved metal, Hg(II) binds primarily to thiol moieties that are either present at the cell membrane or localized in the cytoplasm. We show that in this case the Hg binding environment is a mixture of 2- and 4-fold coordination to thiols. This information can be inferred from XANES spectra but the EXAFS provides a more quantitative answer.
Setting Sail for the Future: In a fast-moving world, ASM has a big role to play to fulfill its mission of advancing and promoting the microbial sciences

It was with great excitement that I took the helm of the great ASM schooner as the new Chief Executive Officer at the beginning of January. It has been only a few months, but I would like to share my first impressions and the excitement that I feel.
Varieties of Southern Religious History: Essays in Honor of Donald G. Mathews

With a publishing career spanning more than a half-century, Donald G. Mathews has been one of the leading interpreters of Southern history and continues today to be an innovative explorer of the sh...
Antecedents to M&A Deal Dissolution in Mergers of Equals

The present study contributes to the extant literature on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) by furthering our understanding of how and when mergers of equals (MOE) transactions are likely to dissolve ...
Atypical presentation of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

A 17-year-old girl presented with fever, myalgia, vomiting for 1 month and oliguria and dyspnoea for 4 days. She was tachycardic,hypertensive, with pedal oedema and decreased breath sounds. She had high serum creatinine (3 mg/dL), anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis and eosinophilia with schistocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase, transaminases were high , with low haptoglobin and high ferritin (5269 ng/mL). Complement C3/C4 and fibrinogen were normal. Urinalysis showed large blood and protein and stool studies were negative. Her ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) was normal. Kidney biopsy showed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) in addition to thrombotic angiopathy. The differentials - haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenia (TTP) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) were ruled out. Her genetic testing was abnormal for large CFHR1–CFHR3 homozygous deletion and heterozygous missense variant in exon 2 of DGKE making the diagnosis of atypical HUS. She received eculizumab and was discharged on oral steroids for AIN and biweekly eculizumab infusions with excellent recovery.
All touches are not created equal: Effects of form and duration on observers' interpretations of an embrace

While several investigations have been directed at identifying the interpretations and perceptual outcomes of nonverbal behaviors, many have presented the stimulus behaviors in a static and unidimensional form that does not take into account the potential influences of their form, duration, or other dynamic features. The present experiment examined the effects of form and duration on observers' perceptions of, and attributions about, an embrace. One hundred sixty-four participants observed a videotape of two communicators enacting one of three forms of embrace for one of three durations. The results indicate that the egalitarianism of an embrace and its duration influence perceptions of its expectedness, its evaluation, how intimate it is interpreted to be, and what kind of relational attributions are made about the communicators.
Vichianism (After Vico)

Giambattista Vico (1668–1744) was an original philosopher of culture who contributed in diverse ways to the intellectual life of Europe from the eighteenth century onward. Although his theories about culture and human development anticipated those of Hegel, Spengler, Toynbee, Marx, Piaget, and even Freud and Lacan, Vico was largely ignored in his own time, and a recent revival of interest in Vico in many social science and humanities disciplines was not shared by geographers. Vico's lack of impact on geographic thought is compensated by a latent but significant potential, where Vico's unusual methods of humanistic inquiry can be used to short-circuit past and contemporary works. Vico's ‘optical’ method emphasizes the psychological function of dimensionality in the construction of knowledge. This method opens the way to employ literature, architecture, and the arts as means of geographical study. Vico's theory of culture is, fundamentally, a theory of the signifier, extended to account for sociocultural, environmental, psychological, political, linguistic, and historic phenomena. As such, it promises much to those who seek a comprehensive and grounded theory of place.
FlexGP.py: Prototyping Flexibly-Scaled, Flexibly-Factored Genetic Programming for the Cloud

Running genetic programming on the cloud presents researchers with great opportunities and challenges. We argue that standard island algorithms do not have the properties of elasticity and robustness required to run well on the cloud. We present a prototyped design for a decentralized, heterogeneous, robust, self-scaling, self-factoring, self-aggregating genetic programming algorithm. We investigate its properties using a software “sandbox”.
Businesses for Sale by Briggs Capital, 2010

Briggs Capital was a regional mergers and acquisitions advisory firm that helped owners to sell their small firms. The case presents a company that was for sale in the fall of 2010 - a troubled manufacturer of post and beam style homes and log homes. Using the actual information that was available to potential buyers, students evaluate the potential acquisition.Learning Objective: Students evaluate a distressed company that is for sale.
Horror vérité: politics and history in Jordan Peele’s Get Out (2017)

ABSTRACTThis essay proposes that certain cinematic conventions of the horror film are uniquely suited to bring into visibility everyday, endemic horror – a horror that many in US society refuse to see. I call this use of horror, ‘horror verite’ or truthful horror. As a form of politically inflected horror, it has potential to perform the kind of materialist history that Walter Benjamin theorizes, in which the historical materialist ‘appropriate[es] a memory as it flashes up in a moment of danger’ in order to recast the present. Jordan Peele’s 2017 film, Get Out, is an example of ‘horror verite’, because it uses the mechanics of the horror genre to expose actually existing racism, to render newly visible the very real, but often masked, racial landscape of a professedly liberal post-racial America. The film analysis considers: first, the use of the conventions of horror to expose everyday racial violence; second, its reliance on a dialectic of sleeping (hypnosis) and waking up (provoked by photography); an...
Automatic ISP Image Quality Tuning Using Nonlinear Optimization

Image Signal Processor (ISP) comprises of various blocks to reconstruct image sensor raw data to final image consumed by human visual system or computer vision applications. Each block typically has many tuning parameters due to the complexity of the operation. These need to be hand tuned by Image Quality (IQ) experts, which takes considerable amount of time. In this paper, we present an automatic IQ tuning using nonlinear optimization and automatic reference generation algorithms. The proposed method can produce high quality IQ in minutes as compared with weeks of hand-tuned results by IQ experts. In addition, the proposed method can work with any algorithms without being aware of their specific implementation. It was found successful on multiple different processing blocks such as noise reduction, demosaic, and sharpening.