cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of time domain Green’s functions for layered medium using FAM and NMSP methods

Recently, there is increasing interest in transient analyses of electromagnetic problems using the time-domain integral equations (TDIE) method. In order to use the TDIE for the micro-strip problems, several methods have been made previously to evaluate the time-domain Greenpsilas functions for layered medium. The Cagniard-de Hooppsilas method [2] is restricted to non-dispersive media and also becomes less useful for multilayered media. Another method, based on the full-wave discrete complex images (FWDI) theory [3], only involves the quasidynamic terms of the Greenpsilas function and renders inaccurate results as the bandwidth of the transient signal increases. The half-space extraction method with fast Hankel transform (FHT) has the difficulty to maintain the accuracy at the large source-to-field distance [4].
Low Numeracy Is Associated With Increased Odds of 30-Day Emergency Department or Hospital Recidivism for Patients With Acute Heart Failure

Background—More than 25% of Medicare patients hospitalized for heart failure are readmitted within 30 days. The contributions of numeracy and health literacy to recidivism for patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are not known. Methods and Results—A cohort of patients with acute heart failure who presented to 4 emergency departments between January 2008 and September 2011. Research assistants administered subjective measures of numeracy and health literacy; 30-day follow-up was performed by phone interview. Recidivism was defined as any unplanned return to the emergency department or hospital within 30 days of the index emergency department visit for AHF. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient age, sex, race, insurance status, hospital site, days eligible for recidivism, chronic kidney disease, abnormal hemoglobin, and low ejection fraction evaluated the relation between numeracy and health literacy with 30-day recidivism. Of the 709 patients included in the analysis, 390 (55%) had low...
Mechanical properties and structure of Strombus gigas, Tridacna gigas, and Haliotis rufescens sea shells: A comparative study

Sea shells are composed of calcium carbonate crystals interleaved with layers of viscoelastic proteins, having dense, tailored structures that yield excellent mechanical properties. Shells such as conch (Strombus gigas), giant clam (Tridacna gigas), and red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) have hierarchical architectures that differ depending on growth requirements and shell formation of the particular mollusk. Mechanical tests have been carried out on these shells for a comparison of strength with respect to the microstructural architecture and sample orientation. The mechanical response is found to vary significantly from specimen to specimen and requires the application of Weibull statistics in order to be quantitatively evaluated. The complex micro-laminate structure of these biocomposite materials is characterized and related to their mechanical properties. The red abalone has the highest compressive (233–540 MPa) and flexure strengths of the three shells. The giant clam has the lowest strength (87–123 MPa) and the conch has an intermediate value (166–218 MPa) in compression. The high compressive strength observed in the abalone is attributed to an optimization of microstructural architecture in the form of 2-D laminates, enhancing the fracture toughness of this shell material and enabling higher stresses to develop before fracture. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Status and trends of habitats of terrestrial vertebrates in relation to land management in the interior Columbia river basin

Abstract We analyzed effects of three land management alternatives on 31 terrestrial vertebrates of conservation concern within the interior Columbia river basin study area. The three alternatives were proposed in a Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) that was developed for lands in the study area administered by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service (FS) and US Department of Interior (USDA) Bureau of Land Management (BLM). To evaluate effects of these alternatives, we developed Bayesian belief network (BBN) models, which allowed empirical and hypothesized relations to be combined in probability-based projections of conditions. We used the BBN models to project abundance and distribution of habitat to support potential populations (population outcomes) for each species across the entire study area. Population outcomes were defined in five classes, referred to as outcomes A–E. Under outcome A, populations are abundant and well distributed, with little or no likelihood of extirpation. By contrast, populations under outcome E are scarce and patchy, with a high likelihood of local or regional extirpation. Outcomes B–D represent gradients of conditions between the extremes of classes A and E. Most species (65%, or 20 of 31) were associated with outcome A historically and with outcomes D or E currently (55%, or 17 of 31). Population outcomes projected 100 years into the future were similar for all three alternatives but substantially different from historical and current outcomes. For species dependent on old-forest conditions, population outcomes typically improved one outcome class — usually from E or D to D or C — from current to the future under the alternatives. By contrast, population outcomes for rangeland species generally did not improve under the alternatives, with most species remaining in outcomes C, D, or E. Our results suggest that all three management alternatives will substantially improve conditions for most forest-associated species but provide few improvements for rangeland-associated vertebrates. Continued displacement of native vegetation by exotic plants, as facilitated by a variety of human-associated disturbances, will be an on-going challenge to the improvement of future conditions for rangeland species.
Anlagensicherung heute — die Problematik erzwingt neue Lösungskonzepte

Plant safety today – Problems require new solution strategies. The importance of plant safety has increased considerably in recent years because larger and larger plants are being built which are frequently also operated at extreme conditions. The residual risk involved in the operation of chemical plant must be accepted by society. Measures for reduction and quantification of the residual risk are presented.
Fecal pellet flux in Dabob Bay during a diatom bloom: Contribution of microzooplankton

During a spring bloom primarily composed of the centric diatom Thalassiosira paczfca in Dabob Bay, Washington, an unarmored dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium sp., phagocytized chains of Thalassiosira. The diatoms were egested in peritrophic membrane-bound fecal pellets that were collected in sediment traps. The dinoflagellate pellets accounted for an average of 29% (SD = 16%) of the volume of fecal pellet flux at 50 m. The diatoms in the pellets were intact but void of plasma content, thus reducing the flux of both POC and pigments per volume of fecal pellets, as was apparent in the sediment trap measurements. Grazing by these dinoflagellates on the large diatoms and the export of relatively carbon- and pigment-deplete pellets have much different implications for organic material cycling than if the diatoms were consumed by mesozooplankton or if they sank.
Microstructural stability and creep of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys

Abstract The creep behavior of die cast magnesium alloys is examined for the high temperature alloys AE42 and MEZ. Creep behavior in these fine-grain die castings is dependent on the stability of the near grain boundary microstructure and is improved by rare-earth element additions and reductions in aluminum content.
Optimizing Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Surgical Therapy for Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Liver Metastases

Background Traditionally, for patients with colorectal cancer with resectable synchronous liver metastases, resections were performed separately. However, the safety and efficacy of simultaneous resection have been demonstrated in selected patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and economic implications of simultaneous and staged resections. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with resectable synchronous liver metastases treated between 1993 and 2010, constructing a decision tree comparing simultaneous and staged resections. For generalizability, the analysis was conducted from a payer perspective, using costs derived from 2010 Medicare reimbursement. Decision models incorporated the severity-refined DRG complications (complicating condition/major complicating condition) modifiers. Sensitivity analyses used alternative models of DRG reimbursement. Results There were 144 patients analyzed. Sixty (41.7%) underwent simultaneous resection and 84 (58.3%) underwent staged resection. Median overall survival did not differ between the simultaneous and the staged cohorts (66.3 vs 65.6 months, respectively), nor did the overall complication rate (38.3% vs 40.5%, respectively). Median total length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the simultaneous cohort (8 vs 14 days; p=0.001). In the base model, the simultaneous strategy cost less than the staged strategy ($20,983 vs $25,298 per case)—a savings of 17.1%. Sensitivity analyses examining alternative severity-refined DRG reimbursements demonstrated potential cost savings, in all but 1 extreme sensitivity analysis, ranging from 9.8% to 27.3% favoring simultaneous resection. Conclusions The simultaneous resection strategy was oncologically equivalent and more cost efficient for patients with primary colorectal cancer presenting with resectable liver metastases. A reduction in overall length of hospital stay was an associated benefit. Future studies should explore the feasibility and clinical implications of policies to maximize the potential for simultaneous resection in this cohort of patients.
The effect of strabismus on object detection in the ring scotoma of a monocular bioptic telescope

Purpose People with reduced visual acuity are permitted to drive with the aid of bioptic telescopes in the USA, the Netherlands, and Canada. When viewing through a monocular bioptic telescope, suppression of the deviating eye in strabismus may reduce the ability of the non-telescope eye to detect objects whose images fall in the ring scotoma area of the telescope eye, which could impair detection of traffic-relevant events. This ability to detect stimuli in the ring scotoma area was compared for strabismic and non-strabismic patients. Methods Ten strabismic and six non-strabismic patients with bilaterally reduced visual acuity (0.30–1.0 logMAR, 6/12 to 6/60) participated. A dichoptic perimeter presented stimuli to the fellow (non telescope) eye in the area of the ring scotoma under binocular viewing. Fellow-eye detection rates were determined with and without a bioptic, on uniform and patterned backgrounds, while performing passive (viewing a cross) and active (reading letters) fixation tasks. Results All strabismic patients were found to have anomalous retinal correspondence. Both non-strabismic and strabismic patients had lower fellow-eye detection rates on patterned than on uniform backgrounds, and while performing the active task. In addition, strabismic patients had lower detection with than without the bioptic on the patterned background. They also had a larger decrease in detection from the uniform to the patterned background than non-strabismic patients (26% vs 8%). Depending on the angle and direction of the deviation relative to the stimulus side, strabismus either increased or decreased fellow-eye stimulus eccentricity on the retina. Larger detection rate reductions between the uniform and patterned backgrounds were associated with more eccentric stimulus locations (ρ = 0.61, p = 0.013). Conclusions Both strabismic patients and non-strabismic patients were able to detect stimuli with the fellow eye in the ring scotoma area, demonstrating successful bi-ocular multiplexing. However, strabismic patients generally had a greater reduction in detection performance from the uniform to the patterned background than non-strabismic patients, which was accounted for in part by differences in stimulus eccentricities on the retina (that varied with the angle and direction of the strabismus). However, a study with a larger sample, including participants with strabismus and normal retinal correspondence, is needed before our findings can be generalized.
Thyroid function test (TFT) abnormalities in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with sorafenib

4605 Background: Sunitinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. It has anti-tumor activity in m...
Modeling the Relationship Between Transient Vector Densities and Plant Disease Incidence with Special Reference to Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Lettuce Infectious Virus Yellows

Transient vectors (those that do not reproduce on the disease-affected crop) can cause difficulties in assessing potential crop losses to disease. A probability model is presented that relates density of transient vectors (over time) to disease incidence in the crop at harvest. The application of the model is illustrated with reference to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), an insect that vectors infectious virus yellow in lettuce in the Imperial Valley of California.
Statistical assumptions and social reality: A critical analysis of achievement models.

The statistical assumptions of asymmetry and linearity in path models of academic achievement are critically examined using data from a sample of Connecticut high school seniors. Analysis suggests that student self-evaluations of academic capability and school performance may be reciprocally related and that academic achievement may be more resistant to change among poor than among average students. Both findings would be masked in simple recursive path models. The data are consistent with the Equality of Educational Opportunity Report's conclusion that different predispositional factors affect achievement among blacks and whites.
Metabolic inhibition by a new antifolate, 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (BW3O1U), an effective inhibitor of human lymphoid and dihydrofolate reductase-overproducing mouse cell lines.

The human lymphoblastoid cell line, WIL-2, and a mouse cell line, 3T6R400, that overproduces a mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) having greater than 100-fold increased resistance to methotrexate (MTX) inhibition, were used to compare the inhibitory properties of a novel lipid-soluble antifolate, 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (BW301U), with the 2,4-arylpyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-5-(3,49-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (DDMP) and with MTX. These studies demonstrated that, like DDMP, BW301U rapidly entered cells and inhibited the incorporation of dUrd into DNA. Drug association with cells was temperature-independent and apparently did not require active transport. BW301U inhibited cell growth by 50% at 0.025 microM, whereas MTX caused equivalent inhibition at 0.045 microM. Inhibition of DNA synthesis produced by 90 min of exposure to BW301U was completely reversed within 2 hr after washing cells and suspending them in drug-free medium. In contrast, inhibition of DNA synthesis in MTX-treated cells was not reversed by simply removing the antifolate, but required the addition of calcium leukovorin or thymidine to the drug-free medium in order to facilitate complete reversal of DNA synthesis. Finally, like DDMP, BW301U was approximately 1000 times more effective than MTX in inhibiting dUrd incorporation into the DNA of a DHFR gene-amplified cell line of mouse 3T6 cells.
Introduction to Management Science with Student CD

Introduction to Management Science, 3e, offers a unique model approach and integrates the use of Excel. Through this approach students are better able to grasp the essential concepts covered in the course and see their utility. Each chapter includes a case study that is meant to show the students a real and interesting application of the topics addressed in that chapter. These cases and related applications cuts across all functional areas of business and show how management science techniques apply in the business environment. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Linear Programming: Basic Concepts Chapter 3: Linear Programming: Formulation and Applications Chapter 4: The Art of Modeling with Spreadsheets Chapter 5: What-If Analysis for Linear Programming Chapter 6: Network Optimization Problems Chapter 7: Using Binary Integer Programming to Deal with Yes-or-No Decisions Chapter 8: Nonlinear Programming Chapter 9: Decision Analysis Chapter 10: Forecasting Chapter 11: Queueing Models Chapter 12: Computer Simulation: Basic Concepts Chapter 13: Computer Simulation with Crystal Ball
Pennsylvania and the American Civil War: An Annotated Guide to Online Resources

Annotated overview of historical newspapers; periodicals, phamphels and other publications; manuscript materials and peraonl papers; maps, music, images, and ephemera; miltary history; slavery; and other guides to online and digital resources.
The Use of Rectus Fascia to Manage Urinary Incontinence

AbstractThe surgical management of urinary incontinence in children is one of the most difficult challenges facing pediatric urologists today. We have critically looked at our experience using a rectus fascial sling to prevent incontinence. Eleven girls (6 to 22 years old) with urinary incontinence from neurogenic bladder dysfunction (9), surgical injury to the bladder (1) or urogenital sinus abnormality (1) comprise this study. All had failed regimens of pharmacological therapy and intermittent catheterization. Three patients had undergone prior bladder neck reconstruction and 2 an augmentation cystoplasty in an attempt to control the incontinence. Urodynamic studies revealed several reasons for the continued wetting in these individuals: a changing neurological lesion leading to a loss of innervation and concomitantly lowered urethral resistance in 2 patients, adequate urethral resistance at rest but decreasing resistance with bladder filling in 4, no increase in urethral resistance with increases in ab...
Pd Poems and Teaching Tools

Music offers an intriguing context to engage children in electronics, programming and more. Over the last year we been developing a hardware and software toolkit for music called modular-muse. Here we describe the design and goals for these tools and how they have been used in different settings to introduce children to concepts of interaction design for music and sound design. Two exploratory studies which used modular-muse are described here with different approaches; a two day build your own instrument workshop where participants learned how to use both hardware and software concurrently to control synthesized sounds and trigger solenoids, and a middle school music classroom where the focus was only on programming for sound synthesis using the modular-muse Pd library. During the second study, a project called Pd Poems, a teaching progression emerged we call Build-Play-Share-Focus which is also described.
Clinical Genomic Profiling of a Diverse Array of Oncology Specimens at a Large Academic Cancer Center: Identification of Targetable Variants and Experience with Reimbursement

Large cancer panels are being increasingly used in the practice of precision medicine to generate genomic profiles of tumors with the goal of identifying targetable variants and guiding eligibility for clinical trials. To facilitate identification of mutations in a broad range of solid and hematological malignancies, a 467-gene oncology panel (Columbia Combined Cancer Panel) was developed in collaboration with pathologists and oncologists and is currently available and in use for clinical diagnostics. Herein, we share our experience with this testing in an academic medical center. Of 255 submitted specimens, which encompassed a diverse range of tumor types, we were able to successfully sequence 92%. The Columbia Combined Cancer Panel assay led to the detection of a targetable variant in 48.7% of cases. However, although we show good clinical performance and diagnostic yield, third-party reimbursement has been poor. Reimbursement from government and third-party payers using the 81455 Current Procedural Terminology code was at 19.4% of billed costs, and 55% of cases were rejected on first submission. Likely contributing factors to this low level of reimbursement are the delays in valuation of the 81455 Current Procedural Terminology code and in establishing national or local coverage determinations. In the absence of additional demonstrations of clinical utility and improved patient outcomes, we expect the reimbursement environment will continue to limit the availability of this testing more broadly.
Stereo vision of liquid and particle flow for robot pouring

We explore stereo vision for recognizing liquid and particle flow as 3D points (a point cloud). In our pouring research [1], we noticed that we could detect liquid flow using optical flow detection, especially with the Lucas-Kanade method [2]. In this paper we extend this idea so that we can reconstruct 3D liquid flow from a stereo camera in order to learn dynamical models of flow. Such dynamical models would be useful to reason about pouring behaviors. We demonstrate our method in pouring various materials: water, coke, jelly, dish liquid, and creamer powder. The results show that our method could detect the 3D flow as a point cloud, and they captured the actual flow phenomenon. We also show that our method works in a robot pouring scenario. Accompanying video: https://youtu.be/2oFjVJwXhKs.
Surgical management of large talar osteochondral defects using autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Abstract Background Talar osteochondral lesions (OLT) occur frequently in ankle sprains and fractures. We hypothesize that matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) will have a low reoperation rate and high patient satisfaction rate in treating OLT less than 2.5cm 2 . Methods A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed with PRISMA guidelines using three publicly available free databases. Clinical outcome investigations reporting OLT outcomes with levels of evidence I–IV were eligible for inclusion. All study, subject, and surgical technique demographics were analyzed and compared. Statistics were calculated using Student's t-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-squared, and two-proportion Z-tests. Results Nineteen articles met our inclusion criteria, which resulted in a total of 343 patients. Six studies pertained to arthroscopic MACI, 8 to open MACI, and 5 studies to open periosteal ACI (PACI). All studies were Level IV evidence. Due to study quality, imprecise and sparse data, and potential for reporting bias, the quality of evidence is low. In comparison of open and arthroscopic MACI, we found both advantages favoring open MACI. However, open MACI had higher complication rates. Conclusions No procedure demonstrates superiority or inferiority between the combination of open or arthroscopic MACI and PACI in the management of OLT less than 2.5cm 2 . Ultimately, well-designed randomized trials are needed to address the limitation of the available literature and further our understanding of the optimal treatment options.
Toward microvascular network-embedded self-healing membranes

A membrane that can autonomously self-heal from physical damage was fabricated by embedding a network of fluorinated ethylene propylene capillary tubes that contain a reactive healing agent, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, inside the membrane. Upon membrane damage, the healing agent is released from the tubes and undergoes water-induced phase separation that increases its viscosity. The viscous healing agent further reacts with water, forming an expanded polyurethane/polyurea matrix that fills and plugs the damage area. After self-healing of the damage, the microvascular membrane's rejection was restored back to 82% of its original value without a need to stop filtration. Scanning electron microscopic and confocal laser scanning microscopic images confirmed the formation of a solid structure that blocks the damaged area. The results of this study suggest that microvascular networks provide a new architecture for the fabrication of self-healing membranes with significant improvement over microcapsule-embedded self-healing membrane design.
Autoimmune Encephalopathy for Psychiatrists: When to Suspect Autoimmunity and What to Do Next.

Objective To provide a critical review of autoimmune encephalopathy—broadly defined as neuropsychiatric features directly related to an autoimmune process—relevant for psychiatric practice. Methods We consulted rheumatology textbooks to define the scope of autoimmune conditions and identified recent reviews of rheumatic conditions, autoimmune vasculitis, and autoimmune encephalitis. We integrated these with primary reports to provide a clinically relevant overview of autoimmune encephalopathy. We focus on clinical features that should raise suspicion for autoimmunity. Results Despite outlying conditions, 2 categories of autoimmune encephalopathy are described: (1) neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with rheumatic conditions and (2) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Rheumatic conditions principally include connective tissue disease and other vasculitides. These may present variously such as with unexplained delirium, cognitive decline, or depression. Autoimmune encephalitis may be diffuse or localized as in limbic, brainstem, or basal ganglia encephalitis. Unexplained delirium, psychosis, catatonia, strokes, and seizures are among common presenting symptoms. Conclusions Prompt identification and management of autoimmunity are critical for optimal outcomes. The fact that undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated autoimmunity leads to debilitation demands vigilance for these conditions. Close attention to the unusual nature and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms, associated neurological features, and review of systems as reviewed here should guide the skillful clinician.
Exploring Emotional Intelligence Among Master's-Level Counseling Trainees

The authors explored the relationship between counseling trainees' emotional intelligence (EI), empathy, stress, distress, and demographics. Results indicated that higher levels of EI were associated with lower stress and distress, higher affective and cognitive empathy, and age. These findings suggest curricular integration of EI and potential utility of EI measures to evaluate students' progress throughout the program.
The Relevance of Readmissions after Common IR Procedures: Readmission Rates and Association with Early Mortality

Abstract Purpose To determine all-cause readmission rates for 12 IR procedures and association of time to readmission with risk-adjusted 90-day mortality. Materials and Methods Patients discharged after 12 inpatient IR procedures at a tertiary-care hospital between June 2008 and May 2013 (N = 4,163) were categorized as no readmission (n = 1,479; 40.5%) or readmission between 0 and 7 (n = 379; 10.4%), 8 and 30 (n = 650; 17.8%), 31 and 60 (n = 378; 10.3%), 61 and 90 (n = 169; 4.6%), or 91 and 180 days (n = 280; 7.7%). Readmission rate ≥ 15% was considered high based on published national readmission rates for procedures. Risk-adjusted 90-day mortality for each interval was calculated for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), transjugular and percutaneous liver biopsy (TJLB, PLB), ports, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, lower extremity angioplasty (LEA), arteriovenous fistulagrams, vascular embolization (VE), percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), primary urinary drainage, and feeding tube placement. Covariates included age, sex, race, insurance status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results All procedures had high 30-day readmission rates (15%–50.5%). Readmissions were highest for ports (50.5%), TJLB (43.4%), PTBD (38.5%), PC (31.9%), and TIPS (31.3%). Readmissions occurred most frequently 8–30 days after discharge for all procedures except VE (31–60 d; 10.6%), PC (31–60 d; 23.4%), and LEA (91–180 d; 15.1%). On multivariate analysis, 30-day readmissions for LEA (AOR 3.19; 95% CI, 1.2–8.2; P = .02), VE (AOR 10.01; 95% CI, 3.1–32.9; P P = .01), PLB (AOR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.71–4.79; P P = .01) were associated with 90-day mortality. Conclusions Inpatient IR procedures have high 30-day all-cause readmission rates, which can be associated with increased 90-day mortality. Further evaluation to determine preventable causes for readmission may impact 90-day mortality.
Losing sleep over cancer: Relationships with negative affect, blood pressure, and disease-free interval among women with metastatic breast cancer.

9504 Background: Few studies have examined how polysomnographic (PSG) measured sleep disturbance is associated with negative affect and markers of health status among women with metastatic breast c...
Flow past finite cylinders of constant curvature

Wake visualization experiments were conducted on a finite curved cylinder whose plane of curvature is aligned with the free stream. The stagnation face of the cylinder is oriented concave or convex to the flow at , where is the cylinder Reynolds number and the curvature is constant and ranges from a straight cylinder to a quarter-ring. While the magnitude of the local angle of incidence to the flow is the same for both orientations, the contrast in their wakes demonstrates a violation of a common approximation known as the ‘independence principle’ for curved cylinders. Vortex shedding always occurred for the convex-oriented cylinder for the Reynolds-number range investigated, along most of the cylinder span, at a constant vortex shedding angle. In contrast, a concave-oriented cylinder could exhibit multiple concurrent wake regimes along its span: two shedding regimes (oblique, normal) and two non-shedding regimes. The occurrence of these wake regimes depended on the curvature, aspect ratio and Reynolds number. In some cases, vortex shedding was entirely suppressed, particularly at higher curvatures. In the laminar wake regime, increasing the curvature or decreasing the aspect ratio restricts vortex shedding to smaller regions along the span of the cylinder. Furthermore, the local angle of incidence where vortex shedding occurs is self-similar across cylinders of the same aspect ratio and varying curvature. After the wake transitions to turbulence, the vortex shedding extends along most of the cylinder span. The difference in the wakes between the concave and convex orientations is attributed to the spanwise flow induced by the finite end conditions, which reduces the generation of spanwise vorticity and increases the incidence of non-shedding and obliquely shedding wakes for the concave cylinder.
Human-to-human transmissions of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Anhui province, 2010–2017

From the year 2010 to 2017, seven human-to-human transmissions (HHTs) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome has been occurred in Anhui province. Those Seven HHTs including 24SFTSV infection cases which occurred in six counties and mainly distributed in Central of Anhui province. There were three HHTs occurred at the funeral and two in hospital only, and two both at the funeral and in hospital. Seven index patients developed SFTS-like symptoms and died of SFTSV infection. Among 17 secondary patients, 11 cases developed SFTS-like symptoms and caused one death, and six cases were asymptomatic infectious cases. The main transmission route were blood and bloody fluid contact, while blood and bloody fluid contact caused five asymptomatic infectious cases,and probable aerosol contact caused one asymptomatic infectious case was also recorded. Furthermore, another two previous asymptomatic infected cases were confirmed during close contact monitoring.
Immunological aspects of Marek’s disease virus (MDV)-induced lymphoma progression

Marek’s disease is a highly transmissible T-cell lymphoma of chickens caused by the only known acutely transforming alphaherpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV). Losses due to MDV-induced tumors (lymphomas, skin leukoses, etc.) have been minimized in poultry production since the early 1970s through the use of non-sterilizing vaccines. Initial lymphoma development in MDV-infected chickens is dependent on the challenge strain of MDV, the genetic susceptibility of the exposed chickens, the level of challenge and relative exposure to other adventitious agents. In this chapter, we examine the factors affecting the progression of MDV-induced, CD4+ T-lymphomas as a consequence of the immune insult incurred by the host during early lytic and latent phases of MDV infection, and as a consequence of the factors expressed by the transformed T-lymphoblasts. A special emphasis has been placed on the role of de-regulated host surface antigen expression on lymphoma progression. Several of these antigens (CD29/CD49e, CD30, CD44) are common to invasive and metastatic human lymphomas, suggesting common mechanisms of immune modulation in lymphoma progression.
Application of a calibrated tokamak transport model to ITER ignition studies

A calibrated theory-based tokamak transport model is applied to International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) ignition studies. The reference simulation of basic ITER engineering design activity (EDA) parameters shows that a self-sustained thermonuclear burn can be achieved provided that impurity control makes radioactive losses sufficiently small. The ignition probabilities of both ITER EDA and concept design activity parameters are investigated. These results suggest that a high-energy auxiliary heating power significantly <100 MW should heat ITER EDA to ignition. 25 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.
Vocational Teacher Stress and Internal Characteristics.

Stress in teachers has been a topic of much discussion over the years. Unproductive levels of stress might be harmful to teachers and can affect their teaching, personal lives and, most importantly, their students. Internal characteristics were found to be one of the most important sources of teacher stress. This study analyzed six internally related characteristics: role preparedness, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, illness symptoms, locus of control, and self-esteem. Data were collected from two samples of vocational teachers in a southeastern state, and a multiple regression model was used to examine the role of these internal characteristics in explaining vocational teacher stress. This regression model was successful in explaining approximately 55.75% of the variance in vocational teacher stress. The most important internal characteristics in explaining vocational teacher stress were found to be illness symptoms, self-esteem, and role preparedness.
Refactoring Scientific Applications for Massive Parallelism

We describe several common problems that we discovered during our efforts to refactor several large geofluid applications that are components of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We stress tested the weak scalability of these applications by studying the impact of increasing both the resolution and core counts by factors of 10–100. Several common code design and implementations issues emerged that prevented the efficient execution of these applications on very large microprocessor counts. We found that these problems arise as a direct result of disparity between the initial design assumptions made for low resolution models running on a few dozen processors, and today’s requirements that applications run in massively parallel computing environments. The issues discussed include non-scalable memory usage and execution time in both the applications themselves and the supporting scientific data tool chains.
Beams on Elastic Foundations

Many engineering applications involve a relatively rigid structure supported by a more flexible distributed ‘foundation’. An important class of examples arises in civil engineering, where buildings or other structures are supported on a soil base. Other less obvious examples include steel components supported on extended rubber bushings, floating structures (where the support is provided by the buoyancy force) and the transmission of load between bones through an intervening cartilidge or other softer tissue layer. The roughness and/or lack of conformity between contacting bodies can also simulate an intervening softer foundation.
‘Gender’ and general strain theory: investigating the impact of gender socialization on young women’s criminal outcomes

ABSTRACTThe gender gap in crime is one of the most highly researched issues in criminology. Despite women’s consistently low representation across all crime statistics, general theories of crime ar...
Abstract TP517: Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (af) Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants (doacs) in off-Label Dose

Objective: We evaluated adherence to FDA-approved dosing criteria for patients with AF who initiated dabigatran and rivaroxaban, and the impact of off-label dosing on ischemic stroke and bleeding e...
Renal Effects of Crizotinib in Patients With ALK-Positive Advanced NSCLC.

Abstract Introduction We retrospectively analyzed the effects of crizotinib on serum creatinine and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive advanced NSCLC across four trials (NCT00585195, NCT00932451, NCT00932893, and NCT01154140). Methods Changes from baseline data in serum creatinine and eGFR, calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-based equation, were assessed over time. eGFR was graded using standard chronic kidney disease criteria. Results Median serum creatinine increased from 0.79 mg/dL at baseline to 0.93 mg/dL after 2 weeks of treatment (median percentage increase from baseline, 21.2%), was stable from week 12 (0.96 mg/dL) to week 104 (1.00 mg/dL), and decreased to 0.90 mg/dL at 28 days after last dose (median percentage increase from baseline, 13.1%). Median eGFR decreased over time (96.42, 80.23, 78.06 and 75.45 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, week 2, week 12, and week 104, respectively) and increased to 83.02 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 28 days after the last dose. Median percentage decrease from baseline was 14.9%, 17.0%, and 10.4% at week 2, week 12, and 28 days after last dose of crizotinib, respectively. Overall, 12.6% of patients had a shift from eGFR grade less than or equal to 3a (≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline to greater than or equal to 3b ( Conclusions Crizotinib resulted in a decline in creatinine-based estimates of renal function mostly over the first 2 weeks of treatment. However, there was minimal evidence of cumulative effects with prolonged treatment and these changes were largely reversible following treatment discontinuation, consistent with previous reports suggesting this may be predominantly an effect on creatinine secretion as opposed to true nephrotoxicity.
Optical coherence elastography of cold cataract in porcine lens

Cataract is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness around the world. Understanding the mechanisms of cataract development and progression is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Cold cataract has proven to be a robust model for cataract formation that can be easily controlled in the laboratory. There is evidence that the biomechanical properties of the lens can be significantly changed by cataract. Therefore, early detection of cataract, as well as evaluation of therapies, could be guided by characterization of lenticular biomechanical properties. In this work, we utilized optical coherence elastography (OCE) to monitor the changes in biomechanical properties of ex vivo porcine lenses during formation of cold cataract. Elastic waves were induced in the porcine lenses by a focused micro air-pulse while the lenses were cooled, and the elastic wave velocity was translated to Young’s modulus of the lens. The results show an increase in the stiffness of the lens due to formation of the cold cataract (from 11.3 ± 3.4 to 21.8 ± 7.8 kPa). These results show a relation between lens opacity and stiffness and demonstrate that OCE can assess lenticular biomechanical properties and may be useful for detecting and potentially characterizing cataracts.
Benefit of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Dyssynergic Defecation Constipation.

Objectives: Chronic constipation is a common childhood problem and often caused or worsened by abnormal dynamics of defecation. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT), a novel treatment in pediatrics for the treatment of chronic constipation with dyssynergic defecation. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 69 children seen at a pediatric neurogastroenterology program of a large tertiary referral center for chronic constipation and dyssynergic defecation, determined by anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion testing. We compared the clinical outcome of patients who underwent PFPT (n = 49) to control patients (n = 20) whom received only medical treatment (laxatives/stool softeners). Additionally, characteristics of the treatment group were analyzed in relation to therapeutic response. Results: Thirty-seven (76%) of the patients who received physical therapy had improvement in constipation symptoms, compared to 5 (25%) of the patients on conservative treatment (p < 0.01). Additionally, patients who received pelvic physical therapy had fewer hospitalizations for cleanouts (4 vs. 25%, p = 0.01) and ­colonic surgery than those that were treated with medical therapy exclusively (0 vs. 10%, p = 0.03). Among the patients who received physical therapy, those that suffered from anxiety and/or low muscle tone had a higher response rate (100%). There were no adverse effects from the intervention. Conclusion: The new field of pediatric PFPT is a safe and effective intervention for children with dyssynergic defecation causing or contributing to chronic constipation, particularly in children whose comorbidities include anxiety and low ­muscle tone.
Integrating YOLO Object Detection with Augmented Reality for iOS Apps

This paper proposes an implementation for detecting the identity and location of objects in real-time video preview and overlaying 3D graphics on them in iOS Apps. Object Detection is a technology that detects the identity (what) and location (where) of a variable number of objects in an Image. YOLO: You Only Look Once, is a real-time object detection system. TinyYOLO (YOLOv2 with a Darknet base network) is an implementation often used for mobile applications, which is much faster than YOLO, but less accurate [1]. An MLModel [2] was built using TinyYOLO that could detect the identity and location of the pre-trained objects in an image. Every frame of a video preview was passed as an input to the model. If the model detected an object, the 2D coordinates of the object in the image were recorded. The 2D coordinates were converted to 3D coordinates using the ARKit HitTest API [3]. After the 3D Coordinates were retrieved, ARKit was used to overlay a 3D graphics at the object’s location. Integrating Object Detection and Augmented Reality helped locate the 3D position of objects in the environment and overlay graphics on them.
A Ritz-based finite element method for a fractional-order boundary value problem of nonlocal elasticity

Abstract We present the analytical formulation and the finite element solution of a fractional-order nonlocal continuum model of a Euler-Bernoulli beam. Employing consistent definitions for the fractional-order kinematic relations, the governing equations and the associated boundary conditions are derived based on variational principles. Remarkably, the fractional-order nonlocal model gives rise to a self-adjoint and positive-definite system accepting a unique solution. Further, owing to the difficulty in obtaining analytical solutions to this boundary value problem, a finite element model for the fractional-order governing equations is presented. Following a thorough validation with benchmark problems, the fractional finite element model (f-FEM) is used to study the nonlocal response of a Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to various loading and boundary conditions. The fractional-order positive definite system will be used here to address some paradoxical results obtained for nonlocal beams through classical integral approaches to nonlocal elasticity. Although presented in the context of a 1D Euler-Bernoulli beam, the f-FEM formulation is very general and could be extended to the solution of any general fractional-order boundary value problem.
Qualitative characterization of the endogenous cytokinins in red pine and aspects of their influence on seedling development

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 Seedling Growth and Establishment 3 Episodic Growth 4 Objectives of the Study 5 Explanation of the Alternate Dissertation Format 6
Afterword: The Role of the Competition Community in the Patent Law Discourse

The Federal Circuit is the most visible point of the intersection between competition and patent law. When a single case contains both competition and patent issues, precedents of that court, including those pertaining to governing legal burdens or presumptions, will be critical. It is worth considering whether and how actual or assumed consumer welfare trade-offs are reflected in those decisions. Additionally, the basic decision to confer patents, and the attendant choices regarding their breadth, scope, and other aspects, also reflect social value judgments that directly implicate competition. The competition community can help both to focus attention upon and to illuminate certain consumer welfare trade-offs that inhere in our system for both granting patents and resolving patent disputes. Clarifying the nature of the trade-offs patents require, in turn, will help society refine its treatment of issues implicating both patent and competition law. The importance of these trade-offs, coupled with the uncertainty surrounding them, may explain why the legal and economic assumptions upon which the patent system is based are undergoing a broad-based review in academia and elsewhere. Given the important role that patent protection plays in the economy, and the fact that both patent and antitrust laws are intended to promote consumer welfare by encouraging innovation, industry and competition,' the competition community has an affirmative obligation to participate in this review. Such an interdisciplinary discourse between the patent and competition communities is essential if society is to best promote innovation. This Afterword focuses on the role the competition community, through an understanding of antitrust law and its economic underpinnings, can play in patent policy debate. Towards that end, three distinct aspects of the discourse surrounding patent trade-offs are analyzed: (1) how the constitutional underpinning of the patent system itself recognizes patents as trade-offs; (2) how the attempted banishment of the word monopoly may obscure those trade-offs; and (3) how patents are assumed to enhance innovation, without adequate recognition of the potential trade-offs involved. Significantly, this assumption is extended to specific aspects of patents, as well as to the patent system as a whole. Ideally, increased clarity in identifying the trade-offs patents impose will underscore the importance of the competition community's role in a broader social assessment of the consequences of those trade-offs.