cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of First Amendment Theory

This essay responds to Professor Alexander Tsesis’s article “Free Speech Constitutionalism,” in which Tsesis proposes a “unified statement of free speech theory”: that “First Amendment doctrine should reflect a general theory of constitutional law that protects individual liberty and the common good of open society.” After discussing the general aspirations behind the constant search for a grand unified theory of free speech, I argue that Tsesis’s theory does not in fact function as such a grand unified theory, at least as traditionally understood. Rather, it serves as an elegant encapsulation of the complex interaction of multiple speech values that underlies the First Amendment, and its embrace of such complexity carries important implications as to how courts should approach difficult speech cases.
An Unusual Cause of Mediastinal Mass — A Case Report and Literature Review of Intrathoracic Kidney:

Posterior mediastinal mass is not an uncommon condition seen in clinical practice. It often generates anxiety among healthcare providers, as the most common cause of a posterior mediastinal mass is a neurogenic tumour which potentially can be malignant and carries serious consequences. A very rare but generally benign cause of such a mass is an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. Due to its rarity, literature on the intrathoracic kidney, its management, prognosis and complications is sparse and confined to case reports. We report a rare case of a two-month old baby who had a chest x-ray done for a prolonged cough and was found to have a posterior mediastinal mass, which was later diagnosed to be an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. The approach to mediastinal mass and literature review of an intrathoracic ectopic kidney and its complications are also discussed.
Generalized local-frame-transformation theory for excited species in external fields

A rigorous theoretical framework is developed for a generalized local frame transformation theory (GLFT). The GLFT is applicable to the following systems: to Rydberg atoms or molecules in an electric field, or to negative ions in any combination of electric and/or magnetic fields. A first test application to the photoionization spectra of Rydberg atoms in an external electric field demonstrates dramatic improvement over the first version of the local frame transformation theory developed initially by Fano and Harmin. This revised GLFT theory yields non-trivial corrections because it now includes the full on-shell Hilbert space without adopting the truncations in the original theory. Comparisons of the semi-analytical GLFT Stark spectra with {\it ab initio} numerical simulations yields errors in the range of a few tens of MHz, an improvement over the original Fano-Harmin theory whose errors are 10-100 times larger. Our analysis provides a systematic pathway to precisely describe the corresponding photoabsorption spectra that should be accurate enough to meet most modern experimental standards.
Investigating Methods and Representations for Reasoning About Social Context and Relative Social Power

Social context has a profound effect on how people interact with each other, and should have important ramifications for how intelligent systems interact with people. However, social context has received comparatively little attention in research on context-aware systems. This paper begins by highlighting possible dimensions for descriptions of social-interactional context, based on social science research. An important component is the interactants’ place in the social hierarchy, and especially their relative social power. The remainder of the paper presents results on using machine learning methods to learn cross-domain classifiers for predicting relative social power. An experimental evaluation of cross-domain learning between three domains suggests that the important features for determining whether or not one interactional domain can be used to predict the relative social power of interactants in another are which social power dimension has the most influence in a given domain.
An Investigation of a Spacecraft On-orbit Advanced Refueling System

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU), in collaboration with the United Launch Alliance (ULA), is advancing an innovative Centaur-based on-orbit propellant storage and transfer system that takes advantage of rotational settling to simplify Fluid Management (FM), specifically enabling settled fluid transfer between two tanks and settled pressure control. The work being done at ERAU consists of two specific objectives: (1) technique and process validation and (2) computational model development. In order to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this technology, the corresponding FM techniques and processes must be validated in a series of experimental tests, including: laboratory/ground testing, microgravity flight testing, suborbital flight testing, and orbital testing. Through this research effort, ERAU will develop a prototype FM system for operations aboard the International Space Station (ISS) using Synchronized Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) designed and built by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Testing of the integrated system in a representative environment will raise the FM system to TRL 6. The tests will demonstrate the FM system and provide unique data pertaining to the vehicle's rotational dynamics while undergoing fluid transfer operations. These data sets provide insight into the behavior and physical tendencies of the on-orbit refueling system. Furthermore, they provide a baseline for comparison against the data produced by various computational models; thus verifying the accuracy of the models output and validating the modeling approach. Once these preliminary models have been validated, the parameters defined by them will provide the basis of development for accurate simulations of full scale, on-orbit systems. The completion of this project and the models being developed will accelerate the commercialization of on-orbit propellant storage and transfer technologies as well as all in-space technologies that utilize or will utilize similar FM techniques and processes.
Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars

Xylem development in trees is affected by dynamic mechanical stresses imposed on stems by wind. To assess clonal differences in response to mechanical perturbation (MP), we subjected seven greenhouse-grown F1 hybrids of Populus trichocarpa Torr. and A. Gray. x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. to a standard MP treatment consisting of 20 manually imposed stem flexures per day for 70-90 days. Effects of MP on aboveground biomass, hydraulic conductivity (k(h)), specific conductivity (k(s)), flexural stiffness (EI), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were determined. Treatment increased stem radial growth and decreased height growth, leaf area and total aboveground biomass. It also significantly decreased k(s), MOE and MOR, but significantly increased EI and wood specific gravity in most clones. Mechanical perturbation caused greater stem rigidity, without having a significant effect on whole-stem k(h) or percent loss of conductivity due to embolism. Maximum k(h) was positively correlated with EI in both control (r(2) = 0.54, P < 0.0001) and MP-treated (r(2) = 0.61, P < 0.0001) plants, and k(s) and MOE were positively correlated with percent vessel lumen area (r(2) = 0.45, P < 0.0001 and r(2) = 0.28, P = 0.002, respectively). Thus, contrary to our expectation of a trade-off between conductivity and wood strength, there may be an opportunity to select clones for woody biomass production that are superior in both mechanical strength and hydraulic conductivity, as is the triploid Clone 19-61.
Critical Assessment of the Long-Term Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of a New Pavement Preservation Method: Micromilling and Thin Overlay

The Georgia Department of Transportation (DOT) has developed and implemented a new pavement preservation method that uses micromilling in conjunction with a thin overlay for cost-effective replacement of a deteriorated, thin, open-graded surface layer (¾ to 1¼ in.) without removing the sound underlying layer. The new method was first implemented in 2007 on a 15.3 mi section on I-75 near Perry, Georgia, and resulted in significant savings. In considering whether to adopt the new method as standard practice in pavement preservation, it is essential to evaluate the method’s actual, long-term performance. This is the first paper to report the actual, long-term performance of the new method. The study used 8 years of pavement condition data collected by the Georgia DOT and sensing data collected by Georgia Institute of Technology. Based on the data, the pavement on I-75 is still in good condition after 8 years (with 6% raveling in 2015). Based on the current condition and the Georgia DOT’s past experience with...
In vivo intestinal calcium absorption in infant rats: influence of methylprednisolone and vitamin D.

SummaryThe influence pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone and vitamin D on in vivo absorption of calcium from the small intestine was studied in suckling (14- to 15-day-old), weanling (21- to 22-day-old) and adolescent (42-day-old) rats. Intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone (2.5 mg/100 g body weight daily for 5 days) suppressed absorption of calcium from the jejunum + ileum of the suckling rats only. Both lumen-to-mucosa and mucosa-to-lumen fluxes of calcium were lower in the treated than in the control suckling rats, indicating that the permeability of the mucosal membrane to calcium was decreased with injection of methylprednisolone. This suggested an effect on a passive process of calcium transport rather than on the vitamin D-dependent mechanism of calcium absorption. This effect is compatable with findings of other studies showing that, in glucocorticoid treated rats, the metabolism of vitamin D is not altered in a way to decrease absorption of calcium from the small intestine. Oral a...
Analysis of Symptoms and Pathogens in 1 936 Children with Vulvovaginitis

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and pathogens of vulvovaginitis in children.Methods:The clinical manifestations of 1 936 children patients who presented with vulvovaginitis were observed.Gram smear,mycoplasma culture,Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture,fungal culture and Chlamydia trachomatis antigen testing of vaginal discharge form 1 936 children patients were performed.Results:The main symptoms of children vulvovaginitis were vulvar erythema,vaginal discharge,pruritus and pain.Bacteria were found from 1 782 cases.Mycoplasma,fungi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated from 442 cases,157 cases and 32 cases,respectively.Candida and mycoplasma were both positive in 8 cases.Chlamydia trachomatis antigen were positive in 23 cases.154 cases found none.Conclusion:The manifestations of vulvovaginitis in children are variety.Bacterial,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,chlamydia,mycoplasma,fungi can be found from vaginal discharge.To select appropriate drugs according the testing results will improve the cure rate.
Collaborative Learning in Geographically Distributed and In-person Groups.

Open online courses attract a diverse global audience of learners, many of whom might not be self-directed autodidacts with the necessary web competencies to reap the full benefits of such courses. Most of these learners would benefit from increased guidance on how to use MOOCs to enhance their learning. One potential area for guidance is in group collaboration where learners form teams to collaboratively work on assignments. Despite the global scope of these courses, a large proportion of learners live within relatively close proximity of each other, such that in-person collaboration is a feasible option. However, geographically distributed groups of learners are more likely to bring diverse viewpoints to the discussion than learners who live close to each other. Research suggests that the diversity of viewpoints in a group positively affects the quality of collaboration and outcomes. This paper reviews the literature on the feasibility of assigning local groups for collaboration and proposes concrete research directions.
Tut-tut Tutt, Not so Fast Did Kettlewell Really Test Tutt's Explanation of Industrial Melanism?

Over the past fifty years a legend has developed surrounding H.B.D. Kettlewell's pioneering research on the phenomenon of industrial melanism as illustrated in the peppered moth, Biston betularia. This legend is particularly pernicious in that it unfairly diminishes Kettlewell's intellectual involvement in the work for which he is most famous (Rudge 2006). One of the most persistent allegations made is that Kettlewell's published work neglects or ignores his debt to J.W. Tutt, identified as the first to propose the explanation of industrial melanism at issue in Kettlewell's original investigations (Owen 1997). The following essay first examines whether J.W. Tutt was indeed the first to explain the phenomenon of industrial melanism in terms of differential bird predation and the long term effects of air pollution, before considering further whether J.W. Tutt's explanation was, in point of fact, the explanation at issue in Kettlewell's investigations.
Turner syndrome and guidelines for management of thoracic aortic disease: Appropriateness and utility

Abstract Introduction Current guidelines for management of thoracic aortic disease base clinical decision-making primarily on the aortic size. The risk of serious complications in genetically-triggered aortic disease is influenced by many other factors, currently not taken into account by the guidelines. Methods An extensive review of the medical literature using PubMed and Medline. Results Current guidelines do not make a distinction between atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic aneurysmal disease. Current guidelines for genetically triggered thoracic aortic disease are based on data from Marfan syndrome population. There remain significant differences between Turner syndrome and Marfan syndrome (in patient gender, fertility, stature, female sex hormone and growth hormone therapy as well as presence of coarctation) may have influence on the natural history of the disease and risk assessment. Conclusions Turner syndrome patients have a distinct set of factors influencing the development and natural history of their aortic disease, as opposed to Marfan syndrome patients. Therefore, a different set of clinical, genetic and biomarker parameters need to be devised for this condition. Recommendations from the current guidelines need further updates to better address indications for surveillance and therapeutic interventions in patients with Turner syndrome.
Osteointegration of Non-Cemented Metaphyseal Sleeves in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction: Non-cemented, porous-coated metaphyseal sleeves have been designed to improve biologic fixation and stability in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with major bone defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and osteointegration of these sleeves in major bone loss. Materials and Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, 24 revision TKAs with major bone loss were reconstructed with non-cemented, porous-coated proximal sleeve (DePuy, Warsaw, IN). All patients were prospectively followed for a minimum of 2 years. Indications for use of sleeves were major metaphyseal tibial and femoral bone loss, younger age, and higher activity level. Osteointegration around the sleeves were classified as: –Grade 1: Complete osteointegration in all views without any demarcation. –Grade 2: Sleeves that are not completely osteointegrated but they are stable. Grade 2A: Demarcation less than 2 mm on any view Grade 2B: Demarcation more than 2 mm on any view –Grade 3: Sleeves that are not osteointegrated and unstable with evidence of subsidence. Grade 3A: Subsidence less than 2 mm on any view Grade 3B: Subsidence more than 2 mm on any view Results: Mean range of motion and Knee Society Scores were 108 degrees and 92 respectively. 14 cases were revised for aseptic loosening and 10 cases for infection (which were treated with two stage revision arthroplasty). There was no malalignment, subsidence or re-revision at final follow-up. All sleeves were osteointegrated with majority grade 1 or 2a. Discussion and conclusion: Short-term results of non-cemented metaphyseal sleeves in major bone loss for loosening of infection demonstrated excellent clinical results and osteointegration.
Crystallization Inhibitors and Their Remediation Potential on Brine-Contaminated Soils

We hypothesize that a crystallization inhibitor will induce harvestable salt efflorescence on the surface of brine-contaminated soils. If proven, the harvest of effloresced salts will provide a novel method for remediating brine spills. Our objectives were to evaluate salt efflorescence on brine-contaminated soil columns as a function of (i) crystallization-inhibitor concentration, (ii) application method, (iii) soil texture, (iv) subsequent harvesting, and (v) salt species. We conducted three laboratory incubations with 0.00001 to 0.01 M ferric hexacyanoferrate solutions applied to salt-contaminated soil columns over 7 to 28 d. The 0.01 M solution successfully effloresced an average of 0.46, 0.57, and 0.29 g g−1 (i.e., grams of harvested salt at the soil surface per total grams of NaCl applied to the soil) on sandy loam, loam, and silty clay columns, respectively. However, negligible quantities of efflorescence occurred when applying the crystallization inhibitor (i) at concentrations <0.001 M, (ii) and subsequently mixing the soil, (iii) with NaCl solutions <0.6 M, (iv) and attempting to further induce salt efflorescence after a first harvesting, and (v) to soil with elevated levels of sulfate or calcium. This novel method for brine spill remediation shows great potential for remediating NaCl-contaminated soils. Future research should include field evaluation on real brine spills to determine the efficacy of the new method in practice.
Morphogenesis: Shaping Tissues through Extracellular Force Gradients.

Summary Organ sculpting requires directed physical force generation. Force imbalances are primarily thought to arise from within cells. A new study, however, demonstrates that an extracellular-matrix-based stiffness gradient in the Drosophila egg chamber instructs tissue elongation.
Quantification of photonic localization properties of targeted nuclear mass density variations: Application in cancer-stage detection

Light localization is a phenomenon which arises due to the interference effects of light waves inside a disordered optical medium. Quantification of degree light localization in optical media is widely used for characterizing degree of structural disorder in that media. Recently, this light localization approach was extended to analyze structural changes in biological cell like heterogeneous optical media, with potential application in cancer diagnostics. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to construct "optical lattices," which represents 2-dimensional refractive index map corresponding to the spatial mass density distribution of a selected molecule inside the cell. The structural disorder properties of the selected molecules were evaluated numerically using light localization strength in these optical lattices, in a single parameter called "disorder strength." The method showed a promising potential in differentiating cancerous and non-cancerous cells. In this paper, we show that by quantifying submicron scale disorder strength in the nuclear DNA mass density distribution, a wide range of control and cancerous breast and prostate cells at different hierarchy levels of tumorigenicity were correctly distinguished. We also discuss how this photonic technique can be used in examining tumorigenicity level in unknown prostate cancer cells, and potential to generalize the method to other cancer cells.
Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network

Gross primary production and ecosystem respiration together define ecosystem metabolism and help indicate the importance of internal and external carbon sources. Spatial variability of these processes is poorly characterized in rivers. We measured metabolism in the Kansas River: (1) at 10 locations over 100 s of km in tributaries within the watershed and (2) over 20 km with detailed sampling in the main stem. Whole-river metabolism at the larger scale was decoupled from light, algal growth, and nutrient limitation, and was positively related to nutrients. Smaller-scale main stem sampling revealed almost as much variance over a few kilometers as the larger scale sampling. Local processes seemed to dominate dissolved oxygen dynamics, since diurnal dissolved oxygen patterns were better correlated with absolute time than data corrected for travel times. A single-station method compared against two-station metabolism methods indicated that local hotspots of metabolism occur at scales less than 1 km and that single-station estimates average out this variance. The main stem data provide support to the idea that functional processing zones control characteristics used to estimate system metabolism, but the nutrient effect at the whole watershed level indicates that transport from upstream can also be important.
Of gluons, atoms and strings

Imagine a bowling ball rolling toward a group of pins. You are an excellent bowler, so the ball is heading for the centre of the group at high speed. Then something strange happens: when the ball reaches the pins, it stops dead. Instead of crashing down, the pins remain frozen in place. What is going on here?
Observation of a New Scalar Meson

We have observed the production of a new scalar meson of mass 1255 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 MeV and width 79 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10 MeV. The meson is observed primarily through the interference of the $S$-wave and $D$-wave ${{K}_{s}}^{0}{{K}_{s}}^{0}$ production amplitudes in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{{K}_{s}}^{0}{{K}_{s}}^{0}$ at 6 and 7 GeV/c. The $S$-wave amplitude and phase are both observed to have Breit-Wigner behavior. The quantum numbers of the meson are ${J}^{P}={0}^{+}$ and $C=+1$ with ${I}^{G}={1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ preferred.
Atomic Force Microscopic Imaging of Biomineral Powder Samples Formed by Deposits from Ethanolic Suspensions

A sample preparation method was developed that facilitates imaging of powders by force microscopy. The feasibility of the method was tested by imaging a NaC1 sample prepared in a like manner. The characteristic face-centered cubic (fcc) structure common to the sodium halide salts was apparent in NaC1 atomic scale images. A periodicity of 0.60 nm, which is within 6% of the value of the NaC1 lattice constant, was measured.
20th anniversary review articles: concluding a year of celebration

Editor-in-Chief Andrew M. Weiner summarizes the full list of invited review and perspective articles for Optics Express’s 20th Anniversary celebration, completing the year of special content.
Fine-Grained Analysis of Cyberbullying Using Weakly-Supervised Topic Models

The possibility of anonymity and lack of effective ways to identify inappropriate messages have resulted in a significant amount of online interaction data that attempt to harass, bully, or offend the recipient. In this work, we perform a fine-grained quantitative and qualitative linguistic analysis of messages exchanged using one such recent web/smartphone application—Sarahah, that allows friends to exchange messages anonymously. We first develop a weakly supervised hierarchical framework using seeded topic models to automatically categorize Sarahah messages into different coarse and fine-grained bullying categories. Our linguistic analysis reveals that a significant number of messages exchanged using this platform (~ 20%) include inappropriate, hurtful, or profane language intended to embarrass, offend, or bully the recipient. We then present a detailed analysis of the messages and corresponding users' responses to these messages in the different bullying categories by comparing them across different linguistic and psychological attributes such as sentiment and psycho-linguistic categories from Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC). Finally, we perform a comparative analysis of messages exchanged on Sarahah to an existing labeled cyberbullying dataset from the Formspring social network on the severity of bullying, coarse-grained bullying categories, and anonymity. Our analysis sheds light on the different categories of bullying and the effect each category has on the recipient and helps quantify the different types and amounts of negativity existing in online social media.
Machine Learning of Synthetic Biological Sequences for Designer Attribution

Advances in genome editing and gene synthesis technologies have increased the ease with which biological agents can be engineered. Existing methods to identify the engineering source are insufficient for attribution. We hypothesized that strategies used for DNA design and optimization could act as identifiable fingerprints of design software or particular vendors, making engineered agents more attributable to their source. To test this hypothesis, sequences optimized using various gene synthesis vendors were characterized using a machine learning model. By capturing optimization signatures unique to each vendor, the trained model showed an ability to identify a sequences origin with an accuracy up to 92%, indicating it is possible to distinguish the algorithm utilized to optimize a genetic sequence based on the DNA sequence output alone.
Dermatologic care of uninsured patients managed at free clinics.

Background Uninsured patients are not well tracked within the health care system and therefore not commonly recorded in databases. Epidemiologic data regarding patients—specifically, those with dermatologic concerns visiting free clinics—are limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of dermatologic complaints among uninsured patients who visit free clinics. Methods A cross-sectional chart review of 5553 uninsured patients seen across 8 free clinics in Tampa, Florida, during 2016 was carried out to determine the prevalence of dermatologic chief complaints and patient demographics. Results Across 8 free clinics, a total of 5553 patients were seen in 2016. Of these patients, 444 (8%) presented with dermatologic complaints. The most common complaints pertained to rash, followed by lesions: localized rash (n = 83 [18.7%]), genital rash (n = 51 [11.5%]), generalized rash (n = 50 [11.3%]), questionable lesions (n = 35 [7.9%]), and genital lesions (n = 18 [4.1%]). Limitations There are notable variations in medical documentation practices among free clinics, thereby limiting data collection. Conclusions Free clinics have the potential to relieve a great dermatologic burden throughout the uninsured population. The findings from this study can inform other free clinics of the dermatologic conditions that are most likely to be seen among their patient population so that they can better provide their patients with higher-quality care.
Identification of Circulating Serum Multi-MicroRNA Signatures in Human DLBCL Models

There remains a need to identify new sensitive diagnostic and predictive blood-based platforms in lymphoma. We previously discovered a novel circulating microRNA (miRNA) signature in a Smurf2-deficient mouse model that spontaneously develops diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Herein, we investigated this 10-miRNA signature (miR-15a, let-7c, let-7b, miR-27a, miR-10b, miR-18a, miR-497, miR-130a, miR24, and miR-155) in human lymphoma cell lines, mice engrafted with patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and DLBCL patient serum samples leveraging systems biology analyses and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology. Overall, 90% of the miRNAs were enriched in PDX DLBCL models and human lymphoma cell lines. Circulating miRNAs from the serum of 86 DLBCL patients were significantly increased compared with healthy controls and had similar patterns to the murine models. Strikingly, miRNAs were identified up to 27-fold higher levels in the serum of PDX-bearing mice and human patients compared with lymphoma cell lysates, suggesting a concentration of these factors over time within sera. Using cut-points from recursive partitioning analysis, we derived a 5-miRNA signature (let-7b, let-7c, miR-18a, miR-24, and miR-15a) with a classification rate of 91% for serum from patients with DLBCL versus normal controls. In addition, higher levels of circulating let-7b miRNA were associated with more advanced stage disease (i.e., III-IV vs. I-II) in DLBCL patients and higher levels of miR-27a and miR-24 were associated with MYC rearrangement. Taken together, circulating multi-miRNAs were readily detectable in pre-clinical cell line and human lymphoma models as well as in DLBCL patients where they appeared to distinguish clinico-pathologic subtypes and disease features.
From time use to contingent work to labor supply: thoughts on the contributions of Alan Kreuger

Alan had a real concern with “getting it right,” even when getting it right was something that was going to be very, very difficult to do. I focus on some trends in labor supply that Alan was very concerned about. There has been a huge employment and earnings shift in recent years toward those with a Bachelor’s Degree or greater. Moreover, within each educational attainment group, the earnings of those who either have a certificate but no license, or a license, are higher. As for labor force participation, there has been a consistent decline for white men aged 25–54. Alan demonstrated that geographic areas with the greatest decline in labor force participation rates have been those with the highest use of prescription opioid drugs. My work with the National Longitudinal Survey further shows that, in the wake of the Great Recession, younger cohorts of workers are more prone to spells of unemployment or nonpartication in the labor force than those of the past.
Fashion as Self-Authorship, Escape from Fascist Terror, and Witness Testimony

Although clothing has been represented in the arts as self-expression, as signaling community membership, or resistance, Holocaust memoirs intervene. Clothing represented protection or persecution. Trudi Kanter’s memoir Some Girls, Some Hats, and Hitler dramatizes the transformation of fashion into a woman’s escape plan from Nazi persecution and questions literary meanings of transnational and diaspora. A successful milliner in Vienna when the Anschluss threatened Vienna’s 200,000 Jews, Kanter exploited the patronage of Nazi wives to escape. Instead of celebrating self-determining transnational border crossings and identities, Kanter’s memoir shows how Nazi occupation, with its omnipresent threat of capture, serves as a critique. Kanter’s memoir offers a challenging perspective on representing fashionable literary authorship in the mid-twentieth century.
Development of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Spinal Cord Injury (PedsQL™ SCI) module: qualitative methods.

It is a qualitative study. To develop the items and support content validity for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Spinal Cord Injury Module for youth and emerging adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Community and children’s hospital. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in pediatric and SCI-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) measures to create an item bank. A multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to discuss the conceptual framework of the module, reviewed the item bank, and generated a core set of items through a process of “binning-and-winnowing”. International clinicians and researchers participated in iterative rounds of a Modified Delphi survey, until 90% agreement was reached on all items of the core set, resulting in the construction of a preliminary module. Cognitive interviews were conducted on individuals with SCI and their parents to determine the relevance of items and age-appropriate wording of the preliminary module. The research team regularly reviewed transcriptions of the interviews, and incorporated participant feedback to modify the modules. This process was repeated until content saturation was achieved. A total of 43 participants completed the cognitive interviews. Following five iterations of cognitive interviews and modifications based on participant input, the PedsQL™ SCI Module was generated. It comprised 67 items in the 12 domains of Daily Activities, Mobility, Bladder Function, Bowel Function, Muscle Spasms, Pressure Injury, Pain, Orthostatic Hypotension, Autonomic Dysreflexia, Participation, Worry, and Emotions. The PedsQL™ SCI Module was developed using well-established qualitative methods. Internet-based field testing is underway to finalize its development and validation.
Abstract 252: Implementation and Ongoing Evaluation of a Novel Method for Stroke Severity Assessment and Routing: NYC S-LAMS

Introduction: For the New York City 911 system stroke population, we sought to create and monitor a system for identifying stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) and to route LVO patients to throm...
Myogenic Cell Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Contributes to Muscle Regeneration after Injury.

This study investigated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a membrane protein that mediates cell-to-cell adhesion and communication, as a mechanism through which the inflammatory response facilitates muscle regeneration after injury. Toxin-induced muscle injury to tibialis anterior muscles of wild-type mice caused ICAM-1 to be expressed by a population of satellite cells/myoblasts and myofibers. Myogenic cell expression of ICAM-1 contributed to the restoration of muscle structure after injury, as regenerating myofibers were more abundant and myofiber size was larger for wild-type compared with Icam1−/− mice during 28 days of recovery. Contrastingly, restoration of muscle function after injury was similar between the genotypes. ICAM-1 facilitated the restoration of muscle structure after injury through mechanisms involving the regulation of myofiber branching, protein synthesis, and the organization of nuclei within myofibers after myogenic cell fusion. These findings provide support for a paradigm in which ICAM-1 expressed by myogenic cells after muscle injury augments their adhesive and fusogenic properties, which, in turn, facilitates regenerative and hypertrophic processes that restore structure to injured muscle.
An ultra-low surface finish process for 6061-Al mirrors

An ultra-low surface finishing process for 6061 T6 type aluminum has been developed by Corning Incorporated, Specialty Materials Division, and has been successfully applied to mirrors up to 13 inches in diameter. This paper presents finish and figure data achieved from the mirror finishing process. Mirror stability is demonstrated through Pre and post thermal cycle surface figure measurements; temperature range of cycle -55°C to +70°C. As an added benefit, the process enables the use of deterministic finishing and enhances the reflective optics resistance to corrosion. Survivability of the reflective optic is evaluated through extended humidity testing.
Toxic Job Ecologies, Time Convoys, and Work-Family Conflict: Can Families (Re) Gain Control and Life-Course “Fit”?

Publisher Summary This chapter sketches the intellectual history and development of the life-course perspective, delineates mechanisms that produce work–family conflicts, and describes possible consequences of this conflict for employees and families. The concepts that are introduced can help to identify potentially “toxic” psychosocial work environments, highlight the absence of institutionalized arrangements designed to minimize work–life conflicts, and document the strategic role and relationship selections workers and families make as they seek to gain or retain a sense of control over their lives and to promote both personal and family well-being. There are six concepts that are crucial to understand the work–family interface as an ecologically embedded and gendered process. It draws on these concepts—time convoys, structural lag, life-course fit, cycles of control, adaptive strategies, and converging divergences—to develop a dynamic ecology of the gendered life-course framework that links work–family conflict, “fit,” and control to individual and family health and well-being. This involves understanding individuals' life histories and how the timing of life events affects the decisions that individuals make about the structure of their work and family lives. This chapter explains how the timing, duration, and sequencing of life events in the work and family domains over time can result in temporal fit or misfit between the domains that will affect well-being.
A Chemotherapeutic Perspective on Clinical Trials with Corynebacterium parvum

Cancer is one of the oldest diseases afflicting mankind, and the efforts at treatment have been recorded as long ago as the use of arsenic pastes in ancient Egypt. Today, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as the major cause of death in the United States. Each year, an estimated 650,000 new cases are diagnosed, and over 1 million known patients continue treatment. The major difficulties in mounting a rapid scientific assault on cancer are that it encompasses more than 100 clinically distinct diseases and is inextricably linked to fundamental life processes which still are not completely understood.
Lysosomal targeting of Limp II membrane glycoprotein requires a novel Leu-Ile motif at a particular position in its cytoplasmic tail

A class of integral membrane glycoproteins specific to lysosomes has been identified, and they are classified into two separate groups depending on whether or not their cytoplasmic sequence contains a tyrosine residue. Lamp-1 and lamp-2 have a tyrosine-containing motif in their cytoplasmic segments, and this motif was found to direct the glycoproteins to lysosomes. Limp II glycoprotein, on the other hand, lacks a tyrosine in its cytoplasmic segment and it must be directed to lysosomes by a different signal (Fukuda, M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21327-21330). In order to elucidate the targeting signal of Limp II, a cDNA encoding its cytoplasmic segment was fused with a reporter molecule, a chimeric protein of human gonadotropin alpha chain-vesicular stomatitis G-protein transmembrane. After various mutations its expression was examined by immunofluorescence. First it was shown that a chimeric protein with a Limp II wild-type tail is transported to lysosomes. Deletion of the three amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail at the carboxyl terminus abolished this sorting to lysosomes. Substitution of individual amino acids revealed that the Leu-Ile motif in the Leu-Ile-Arg-Thr sequence at the carboxyl terminus is crucial to the sorting signal. When this motif was brought closer to the transmembrane domain by deletion of nine amino acids next to the transmembrane domain, this sorting function was abolished. In addition, substitution of alanine for the serine, which is at 5 residues from the transmembrane also abolished the sorting capacity, although there was no evidence that the phosphorylation of serine is involved in sorting. Altered proteins that were not transported to lysosomes were found to accumulate at the cell surface and, unlike proteins with a wild-type cytoplasmic tail, were unable to undergo endocytosis. These results indicate that the carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence, including the Leu-Ile motif and the sequence that connects the motif to the transmembrane domain, is critical for the sorting of Limp II to lysosomes.
Grammar Comprehension and Executive Function in Patients with the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Degeneration (bvFTD) (P1.226)

OBJECTIVE: Assess grammatical aspects of sentence processing in patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (bvFTD) compared to patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and healthy elderly controls. BACKGROUND: Sentence comprehension is a complex process, involving working memory, semantic and grammatical components. Patients diagnosed with bvFTD have sentence comprehension deficits, despite the absence of aphasia. To elucidate the basis for this impairment, we analyzed the relationship between grammatical comprehension and performance on language, working memory, and executive measures. METHODS: Non-aphasic patients with bvFTD (n=25), a control-dementia group with aMCI (n=13) and controls (n=20) were evaluated with a two-alternative, forced-choice sentence-picture matching task, in which they read a sentence that depends on grammatical interpretation and asked which of two pictures it best describes. We assessed semantic memory with Pyramids and Palm Trees (PPT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT); executive functioning with Trails B (TB), FAS category fluency (FAS) and Visual-Verbal tests; and working memory with Digit Span backwards (DB). RESULTS: BvFTD participants were significantly impaired in overall sentence comprehension compared to controls (p<.001), and aMCI subjects (p<.05). BvFTD patients’ sentence comprehension deficits correlated with executive measures of mental flexibility (FAS; p<0.005, VVT; p<0.005, Trails B; p<0.05) and a working memory measure (DB; p<0.05). Neither semantic memory measure (PPT, BNT) correlated with grammar comprehension in bvFTD. CONCLUSIONS: BvFTD subjects without aphasia are impaired in grammatical comprehension. Underlying factors appear to include deficits in working memory and executive functioning. In the future, an MRI regression analysis will be instrumental in helping to determine the contributing neural correlates to the impairment. Study Supported By: NIH grants Grants AG017586, AG032953, NS044266, AG038490 and the Wyncote Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Williams has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ash has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rascovsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has nothing to disclose.
Short-term trading around ex-dividend days

Abstract A dividend tax penalty creates profitable trading opportunities for short-term traders with sufficiently low transaction costs. In stocks with ex-dividend day returns affected by short-term trading, ex-day returns are positively correlated with transaction costs. Data from 1964–1985 indicate that short-term traders are the marginal investors in high-yield stocks, primarily since the introduction of negotiated commissions on the NYSE. Short-term trading is not evident in low-yield stocks, nor does it appear prevalent before negotiated commissions.
Ethics in Research

Individuals conducting research in medical physics and biomedical engineering have certain rights and responsibilities that should always be respected. About two years ago the International Organization of Medical Physics (IOMP) created a Bill of Rights for Scientists and Engineers that contains 10 clauses addressing the rights of research physicists and engineers. The Bill of Rights emphasizes that a Scientist or Engineer must be free to theorize and experiment unimpeded by political pressures, religious dogma or fear of reprisal. The Bill of Rights has been adopted by the IOMP, the International Federation Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), and the International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM). The Bill of Rights is consistent with the Statement on the Universality of Science of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Isolation of Myelin

The methods used to prepare myelin involve homogenization of the tissue in isotonic sucrose solution, followed by the isolation of myelin membranes by a series of steps that include density gradient centrifugation and differential centrifugation. Homogenization of nervous tissue in isotonic sucrose causes the myelin sheath to peel from the axon and form relatively large myelin vesicles. The large size of the myelin vesicles, together with the fact that myelin membrane has a lower density than other biological membranes, make differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation the main tools for the isolation of this membrane. Three protocols are outlined in this unit: isolation of a highly-purified myelin fraction from the central nervous system (CNS); separation of a highly-purified CNS myelin fraction into subfractions of different densities; and isolation of myelin from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Bacteremia Caused by Herbaspirillum aquaticum or Herbaspirillum huttiense in an Immune-Competent Adult

Herbaspirillum spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by these organisms have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. We describe severe community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused by Herbaspirillum aquaticum or H. huttiense in an immunocompetent adult male.
An extremely low profile, compact, and broadband tightly coupled patch array

[1] A tightly coupled patch array (TCPA) is introduced to realize small-size, extremely low profile planar antennas with broadband performance. Past approaches have used frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) as part of the substrate or ground plane (i.e., in passive mode) for also realizing low-profile antennas. In contrast, the proposed TCPA employs an FSS aperture as the radiating structure (i.e., array antenna). A key aspect of the TCPA is the exploitation of differences in FSSs when operating in radiating and passive modes. Tight element coupling and periodic excitation are the keys for achieving broadband operation. In this paper, a small-size, finite array is designed along with a very thin and compact feeding network. The designed TCPA resonated at 2.07 GHz with 5.6% impedance bandwidth (∣S11∣ < −10 dB), 4.4 dB realized gain (86% efficiency), and 23% gain bandwidth (3 dB drop). Of importance is that the overall aperture dimensions were only λ0/3 × λ0/3 and λ0/42 thick (including feeding network) at the midfrequency of operation. A preliminary TCPA antenna prototype was fabricated and tested. Both simulated and measured data show enhanced bandwidth as compared to the conventional microstrip patch antennas of the same size and thickness. However, as common for such extremely low profile microstrip antennas, the conductivity losses were augmented. Thus, the measured TCPA efficiency (50%) was smaller than computed.
The effect of antibiotics on the microbiome in acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background Current treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is driven by identification of predominant bacteria using culture-based methods and determination of antibiotic sensitivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the sinonasal microbiome to antibiotic therapy in the setting of an acute exacerbation of CRS. Methods Aspirate and swab samples for culture and DNA analysis were collected bilaterally from 8 CRS patients presenting with acute exacerbations. Patients were started on a 2-week course of a culture-directed antibiotic after sensitivities were determined. Repeat samples were taken immediately on the completion of treatment. DNA was extracted from each sample, amplified using bacterial 16S primers and sequenced. Bacterial abundance was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Diversity metrics of the microbiota between pretreatment and posttreatment samples were calculated. Results There was significantly more bacterial DNA present in the pretreatment group than in the posttreatment group. An increase in α-diversity was found in the posttreatment group relative to the pretreatment group (p < 0.05 in each comparison) with swab sampling, but not by aspirate sampling. The predominant organism identified by 16S sequencing correlated with the culture-identified bacteria genus in each patient. Conclusion Significant differences exist in the diversity of bacteria populations during acute exacerbations of CRS and after antimicrobial treatment. After therapy, the increase in diversity is accompanied by a decrease in the total of abundance of the bacterial population.