cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived Social Support among High-Stress Adolescents The Role of Peers and Family

A total of 505 students from the 11th and 12th grade participated in a study investigating the moderating effects of perceived family and peer social support among a group of adolescents experiencing elevated levels of stress. Both intemalizing and externalizing symptomatology were examined through the use of self-report inventories assessing depression and delinquent behaviors. Adolescents with high perceived family support reported fewer depression and delinquency outcomes. Adolescents with high perceived peer support presented a more complicated pattern, reporting lower levels of depression but inconsistent levels of delinquent behaviors. Additionally, gender of the adolescent emerged as an important individual difference. The complexity of the social support construct and its role as a buffer against psychopathology among adolescents experiencing high levels of stress are discussed.
Molecular Mechanisms: From Enzymes to Evolution

Binding is prerequisite for practically all molecular processes occurring inside the cell, including messenger (or molecular) recognition, enzymic catalysis, transport processes, and control of gene expression. Furthermore, binding must be followed by de-binding if molecular machines are to work more than one cycle. Otherwise, molecular machines will get stuck in a substrate- or a product-bound state and not be able to move on to the next state to perform molecular work in continuous cycles. Molecular machines stuck in either a substrate- or a product-bound state is akin to the gear shift of a car stuck in either the drive or the neutral position.
Morphology of a new deep-sea acorn worm (class Enteropneusta, phylum Hemichordata): A part-time demersal drifter with externalized ovaries

Ten individuals of an enteropneust in the family Torquaratoridae were videotaped between 2,900 and 3,500 m in the Eastern Pacific—one drifting a few centimeters above the bottom, two exposed on the substrate, and seven partly burrowed, reflecting a bentho-pelagic life style. Here, we describe a captured specimen (26 cm living length) as the holotype of Allapasus aurantiacus n. gen., n. sp. The small proboscis is dome-shaped, and the collar is only slightly wider than deep; both of these body regions are more muscular than in other torquaratorids, which presumably facilitates burrowing. The proboscis complex, in contrast to that of shallow-living enteropneusts, lacks a pericardial sac and is located relatively posteriorly in the proboscis stalk. The stomochord is separated from the main course of the gut by the intervention of a small, plate-like proboscis skeleton lacking posterior horns. The most anterior region of the trunk houses the pharynx, in which the pharyngeal skeletal bars are not connected by synapticles. The postpharyngeal trunk comprises three intestinal regions: prehepatic, hepatic (with conspicuous sacculations), and posthepatic. On either side of the worm, a flap of body wall (lateral wing) runs the entire length of the trunk. The two lateral wings can wrap the body so their edges meet in the dorsal midline, although they often gape open along the pharyngeal region. The holotype is a female (presumably the species is gonochoric) with numerous ovaries located in the lateral wings along the pharyngeal region. Each larger ovary contains a single primary oocyte (up to 1,500 μm in diameter) and bulges outwards in an epidermal pouch attached to the rest of the body by a slender stalk. Such externalized ovaries are unprecedented in any animal, and nothing is yet known of their role in the reproductive biology of A. aurantiacus. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An equation for bed-load transport capacities in gravel-bed rivers

Summary Detailed hydraulic and sedimentary information is needed to accurately predict bed-load transport rates in natural gravel-bed rivers. Yet, being able to estimate maximum transport rates from simple measurements would greatly benefit various sediment-related river management practices. To this end, a new concept of bed-load transport capacity for heterogeneous grains in gravel-bed rivers was introduced as the maximum possible transport rate a gravel-bed river can have for a given value of dimensionless shear stress, calculated using the median size of bed-load grains. Flows that can transport bed load at capacity may be identified by the criterion that the median size of bed-load grains must be greater than or equal to that of the bed substrate. Then, a single coefficient, power equation was developed to predict such capacities using bed-load capacity data covering both low flows with an armor layer and high flows without it. The good performance of this empirical equation was confirmed by comparing its predictability with that of Mayer Peter and Muller’s and Bagnold’s bed-load equations. Using an independent data compiled from six gravel-bed rivers in Idaho, not only was the empirical equation validated but also the criterion for identifying the condition under which bed load is transported at capacity was tested. In practice, the empirical equation can be used to estimate the maximum possible bed-load transport rates during high flow events, which is useful for various sediment-related river managements.
Outcome of aortic valve repair in children with congenital aortic valve insufficiency.

Abstract Objective Surgical aortic valvotomy has a long history of providing excellent palliation for aortic stenosis in infancy and childhood. The fate of aortic valve repairs for dominant aortic regurgitation in this same age group is considerably less clear. Methods From 1990 to 2000, a total of 21 patients underwent aortic valve repair for aortic regurgitation at our institution. Seventeen patients were younger than 17 years at the time of repair (3-17 years, mean 8.1 ± 3.7 years). Of these 17 children, 6 (35%) had bicuspid valves and 11 (65%) had tricuspid valves. Type of repair varied with valve type, but repair generally consisted of commissure resuspension, partial commissure closure, triangular resection of redundant leaflets, or some combination. Results There were no deaths. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 11 years (mean 5.3 ± 2.4 years). At present 3 of 17 (17.6%) have mild aortic regurgitation according to echocardiography and 6 (35.2%) have moderate aortic regurgitation. In 8 of 17 cases (47.1%) the repair clearly failed, requiring reoperation from 0.5 to 73 months after the original operation (mean 18.9 months). Reoperation consisted of 6 Ross procedures and 2 mechanical aortic valve replacements. There were no deaths at the secondary operation. Conclusion Aortic valve repair in children with a dominant feature of aortic insufficiency tended to fail progressively and at a high rate. Leaflet thickening was associated with higher risk of repair failure in this series. The threshold for aortic valve replacement should remain low.
Preemptive renal transplant candidate survival, access to care, and renal function at listing

Background. Preemptive transplantation is associated with better survival and transplant outcomes than transplantation after dialysis has been started. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between candidate characteristics, likelihood of preemptive transplant, candidate survival and renal function (RF) at the time of listing. Methods. We looked at 57 677 solitary renal transplant candidates from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database listed prior to dialysis from 2000 to 2009. Using multivariable models, we measured associations between candidate characteristics, likelihood of preemptive transplantation, candidate survival and RF at listing. Results. Candidates with higher RF at listing were more likely to be male, Caucasian, diabetic, be a prior transplant recipient and have more education. Higher RF at listing was strongly associated with greater likelihood of receipt of preemptive transplant [adjusted odds ratio ¼ 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–1.51] and conferred a significant survival advantage [adjusted hazards ratio ¼ 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.89, per 5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ]. Conclusions. Patient characteristics associated with higher RF at listing suggest differences in access to care. Given that higher RF at the time of listing was also significantly associated with greater likelihood of preemptive transplantation and better survival prior to transplantation, our results suggest that listing at higher levels of RF may improve transplant candidate outcomes.
Integrating III-V on Silicon for Future Nanoelectronics

This paper describes about III-V integration on silicon and summarizes the recent progress on the research efforts to combine the merits of III-V and silicon, on the same silicon wafer, for future high-speed and low-power nanoelectronics. The successful integration of III-V on silicon can open up opportunities for integrating new functionalities and features on silicon, such as integrating logic, optoelectronic and communication platforms on the same Si wafer.
Chemotherapy of disseminated germ cell tumors.

The treatment of patients with germ cell neoplasms has improved dramatically during the last 10 years. Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin + vinblastine + bleomycin (PVB) was initiated at Indiana University in 1974. In this original study 28 of 47 patients (60%) with disseminated testicular tumors are currently alive, with a minimal follow-up of 10 years. Our next PVB study demonstrated that the vinblastine dosage could be reduced 25% (0.4 mg/kg to 0.3 mg/kg), thereby significantly reducing toxicity, without compromising the cure rate. Our third generation study confirmed the fact that maintenance therapy was not necessary, and that optimal cure rates could be achieved with merely 12 weeks of PVB induction. Overall, with follow-up of 5 to 10 years, 202 of 272 patients (74%) with disseminated testicular cancer currently are alive on these three PVB protocols. Because of the success of salvage chemotherapy, demonstrating that approximately 25% of patients not curable by PVB achieved durable complete remissions (CRs) with cisplatin + VP-16 combination chemotherapy, our next study compared PVB to cisplatin + VP-16 + bleomycin (PVP16B) as initial chemotherapy for disseminated testicular cancer. This study demonstrated that the two induction regimens produced equivalent CR rates, but that PVP16B was the preferable induction regimen because of a statistically significant reduction in neuromuscular toxicity. Our current studies will evaluate whether three courses (9 weeks) of PVP16B compared to the standard four courses of PVP16B (12 weeks) will achieve similar cure rates in minimal moderate disseminated disease. In advanced disease presentations, we are comparing standard PVP16B to double-dose cisplatin (40 mg/M2 × 5) + VP-16 + bleomycin.
Differential requirement for STAT by gain-of-function and wild-type receptor tyrosine kinase Torso in Drosophila.

Malignant transformation frequently involves aberrant signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). These receptors commonly activate Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK signaling but when overactivated can also induce the JAK/STAT pathway, originally identified as the signaling cascade downstream of cytokine receptors. Inappropriate activation of STAT has been found in many human cancers. However, the contribution of the JAK/STAT pathway in RTK signaling remains unclear. We have investigated the requirement of the JAK/STAT pathway for signaling by wild-type and mutant forms of the RTK Torso (Tor) using a genetic approach in Drosophila. Our results indicate that the JAK/STAT pathway plays little or no role in signaling by wild-type Tor. In contrast, we find that STAT, encoded by marelle (mrl; DStat92E), is essential for the gain-offunction mutant Tor (Tor GOF ) to activate ectopic gene expression. Our findings indicate that the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK signaling pathway is sufficient to mediate the normal functions of wild-type RTK, whereas the effects of gain-of-function mutant RTK additionally require STAT activation. SUMMARY
Advanced Bulge Test System

The bulge test is an established method of measuring the residual stress and elastic stiffness of thin-film materials. We present an advanced experimental bulge-testing system that provides advantages in speed, accuracy, and flexibility. Key innovations include the use of a Laser Doppler Displacement Meter to measure deflection, an actuated air-cylinder mechanism to vary pressure, and sophisticated computer handling of data acquisition and analysis. A test case demonstrates that repeatability of results is extremely good.
The relativistic redshift with 3×10−17 uncertainty at NIST, Boulder, Colorado, USA

We have estimated the relativistic redshift correction due to gravity, necessary to reference to the geoid the measurements of the new frequency standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, USA, using a new local survey and various methods and models. We referenced the frequency offsets computed from different methods to the same geoid surface, one defined with respect to the current best estimate of an ideal mean-Earth ellipsoid. The new fractional frequency results are (1) −1797.61×10−16, based on the global gravitational model EGM96; (2a) −1798.72×10−16, based on the regional, high-resolution geoid model G96SSS; (2b) −1798.49×10−16, based on the regional, high-resolution geoid model G99SSS; and (3) −1798.91×10−16, based on the value for the geopotential number provided in the National Geodetic Survey's data sheet for the NIST reference marker. The minus sign implies that clocks run faster in the laboratory in Boulder than a standard clock located on the geoid. The values from (2b) and (3) are expected to be the most accurate and are also independent. Based on these results, we estimate the frequency shift at the reference point at NIST to be −1798.7×10−16, with an estimated standard uncertainty of ±0.3×10−16.
Heat-Induced Interaction between Crude κ-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin

Summary Electrophoretic and ultracentrifuge techniques were utilized to investigate the effect of heat on systems containing crude κ -casein and β -lactoglobulin. β -Lactoglobulin complexed with κ -casein when mixtures of these proteins were heated in pH 6.5 and 0.02 ionic strength buffer at 65C or higher. Electrophoretic studies revealed a 20-min heat treatment of a 1:1 mixture of these proteins resulted in 3.4% of the β -lactoglobulin interacting with κ -casein at 65C, 82.9% at 85C, and 76.7% at 99C. Approximately 2.2g of β -lactoglobulin may interact with 1.0g of κ -casein if an infinite ratio of β -lactoglobulin to casein is heated at 85C for 20min; whereas, only 1.4g will interact at 99C. Thus, the theory of independent heat denaturation of β -lactoglobulin does not explain the results of this investigation. Ultracentrifuge studies revealed the complex to have an S 20 of 44–48. This compares to an S 20 of 3.1 for β -lactoglobulin and 18.0 for κ -casein. The phosphorus content of the casein in the complex averaged 0.20%. This corresponds to the reported phosphorus value of κ -casein.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase regulates binge-like drinking and dopamine receptor sensitivity in the ventral tegmental area

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with alcohol dependence in humans and behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. To characterize the ability of ALK to control ethanol consumption, we treated mice with the ALK inhibitors TAE684 or alectinib before testing them for binge-like drinking using the drinking in the dark protocol. Mice treated with ALK inhibitors drank less ethanol than controls. In addition, TAE684 treatment abolished ethanol conditioned place preference, indicating that ALK regulates the rewarding properties of ethanol. Because the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key brain region involved in the rewarding effects of ethanol, we determined if Alk expression in the VTA is important for binge-like ethanol consumption. Mice expressing a short hairpin ribonucleic acid targeting Alk in the VTA drank less ethanol compared with controls. ALK is expressed on dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA, suggesting that ALK might regulate their firing properties. Extracellular recordings of putative DA neurons in VTA slices demonstrated that ALK inhibition did not affect the ability of ethanol to stimulate, or DA to inhibit, the firing of DA neurons. However, inhibiting ALK attenuated the time-dependent reversal of inhibition produced by moderate concentrations of DA, suggesting that ALK affects DA D2 autoreceptor (D2R) desensitization. Altered desensitization of the D2R changes the firing of DA neurons and is predicted to affect DA levels and alcohol drinking. These data support the possibility that ALK might be a novel target of pharmacotherapy for reducing excessive alcohol consumption.
Growth without Poverty Reduction: The Case of Costa Rica

Costa Rica’s economic transformation of the last 30 years included numerous liberalization measures, but a closer look reveals a strong mercantilist bias. Successive administrations adopted monetary, trade, tax, and regulatory regimes that benefited the export-oriented sectors of the economy at the expense of the overall population, particularly the poor. As a result, even though the country has enjoyed a healthy growth rate for over 25 years, the proportion of Costa Ricans living below the poverty line remains pretty much the same as it did in 1994 at around 20 percent, while income inequality is on the rise.
Influence of Material Models on Predicting the Fire Behavior of Steel Columns

Finite-element (FE) analysis was used to compare the high-temperature responses of steel columns with two different stress-strain models: the Eurocode 3 model and the model proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The comparisons were made in three different phases. The first phase compared the critical buckling temperatures predicted using forty seven column data from five different laboratories. The slenderness ratios varied from 34 to 137, and the applied axial load was 20-60 % of the room-temperature capacity. The results showed that the NIST model predicted the buckling temperature as or more accurately than the Eurocode 3 model for four of the five data sets. In the second phase, thirty unique FE models were developed to analyze the W8×35 and W14×53 column specimens with the slenderness ratio about 70. The column specimens were tested under steady-heating conditions with a target temperature in the range of 300-600 °C. The models were developed by combining the material model, temperature distributions in the specimens, and numerical scheme for non-linear analyses. Overall, the models with the NIST material properties and the measured temperature variations showed the results comparable to the test data. The deviations in the results from two different numerical approaches (modified Newton Raphson vs. arc-length) were negligible. The Eurocode 3 model made conservative predictions on the behavior of the column specimens since its retained elastic moduli are smaller than those of the NIST model at elevated temperatures. In the third phase, the column curves calibrated using the NIST model was compared with those prescribed in the ANSI/AISC-360 Appendix 4. The calibrated curve significantly deviated from the current design equation with increasing temperature, especially for the slenderness ratio from 50 to 100.
Effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on function of T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic children

Objective To investigate the effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection on the function of T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of asthmatic children in acute and stable periods and the relationship between MP infection and asthma. Methods Seventy-one hospitalized children(with bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma) were divided into non-MP infection control group(group A, pneumonia and bronchitis without MP infection), non-MP infection asthma group(group B), and MP infection asthma group(group C). Flow cytometry was used to determine CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF among all children in acute and stable periods. Results Compared with group A, groups B and C showed significant differences in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio(P0.05) in acute and stable periods, had decreased CD3+ and CD4+ T cell counts, an increased CD8+ T cell count, and a significantly decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio(P0.05) in the acute period, and had decreased CD3+ and CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and an increased CD8+ T cell count(P0.05) in the stable period. Compared with group B, group C had significantly decreased CD3+ and CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio(P0.05) and a significantly increased CD8+ T cell count(P0.05) in the acute period and showed no significant differences in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell counts(P0.05) and a significant decrease in CD4+/CD8+ ratio(P0.05) in the stable period. Conclusions The immunological function of T lymphocytes in the airway declines significantly among asthmatic children with MP infection in acute and stable periods, leading to immue system disorder. MP may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma.
Inia geoffrensis (Amazonian dolphin)

Chromosomes of one male were made available by Dr. Deborah Duffield, Riverside, California and were prepared from lymphocytes. The bottom karyotype was prepared with the ASG technique.
Trait anxiety and attenuated negative affect differentiation: a vulnerability factor to consider?

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives: Describing emotional experiences using distinct terms, or affect differentiation, has been associated with emotion regulation and adaptive behavior under stress. There is little data, however, examining the association between differentiation and dispositional factors underlying psychopathology. The current study examines the association between differentiation and trait anxiety (TA) given prior evidence of cognitive biases in TA relevant to higher order processing of emotional experiences.Design: We examined cross-sectionally, via lab-based repeated assessment, the association between differentiation of negative and positive experiences and TA.Methods: Two hundred twenty-two adults completed an emotion reactivity task including repeated assessments of affect. We hypothesized that individuals higher in trait anxiety (HTA) would have greater difficulty differentiating their experiences.Results: HTA individuals exhibited lower levels of negative affect (NA) differentiation...
Pulmonary hypertension and metabolic syndrome: Possible connection, PPARγ and Caveolin-1

A number of disparate diseases can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), a serious disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Recent studies suggest that the associated metabolic dysregulation may be an important factor adversely impacting the prognosis of PH. Furthermore, metabolic syndrome is associated with vascular diseases including PH. Inflammation plays a significant role both in PH and metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue modulates lipid and glucose metabolism, and also produces pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines that modulate vascular function and angiogenesis, suggesting a close functional relationship between the adipose tissue and the vasculature. Both caveolin-1, a cell membrane scaffolding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a ligand-activated transcription factor are abundantly expressed in the endothelial cells and adipocytes. Both caveolin-1 and PPARγ modulate proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, cell migration, inflammation, vascular homeostasis, and participate in lipid transport, triacylglyceride synthesis and glucose metabolism. Caveolin-1 and PPARγ regulate the production of adipokines and in turn are modulated by them. This review article summarizes the roles and inter-relationships of caveolin-1, PPARγ and adipokines in PH and metabolic syndrome.
Next Generation Color Control

Paper manufacturers and end-users have become more critical about shade variation and product appearance. These requirements span the entire grade structure from tissueto multilayer board, including the whites through to deeply dyed grades. While invisible quality variables, such as basis weight, moisture and caliper may be undetected although well outside specifications, small differences in shade can be easily detected by a relatively untrained eye, potentiallyresulting in substantial product rejection. The requirement for minimum color variation in paper products has forced papermakers either to maintain a group of operators whose time is nearly 100% dedicated to controlling product color manually, or to implement closed-loop color control. Over the past twenty years, the popularity of supervisory closed-loop color control has increased significantly and has produced excellent results.In a push for greater efficiency, the industry has been seeking ways to reduce color change times and resultant broke losses. Typically, manually controlled color changes can require up to one hour, depending on the complexity of the change. Today's trends toward reduced inventories and faster delivery to paper customers denies papermakers the luxury of scheduling a well-established progression of shades and forces shorter production runs of each shade, resulting in frequent, more difficult shade changes.As the new solutions for above requests, the Honeywell new color controls provide robust models which are both responsive and capable of maintaining the color coordinatescloser to target than ever before.
Die rechtliche Ordnung der Wirtschaftspolitik und der Wirtschaftsaufsicht

Wirtschaftspolitik, ein Teilbereich der allgemeinen Politik, geht wie diese von der Wunschbarkeit und der Moglichkeit einer Gestaltung des wirtschaftlichen Geschehens aus. Sie umfast alle Masnahmen der leitenden Staatsorgane (u.a. Regierung, Parlament, Bundesbank) zur Verfolgung bestimmter Ziele im Bereich der Wirtschaft1. Ein Spezifikum des modernen Wohlfahrtsstaats ist dabei die Tendenz, das allgemeine Ziel des Gemeinwohls in der politischen Praxis durch Verfolgung bestimmter Einzelzwecke fasbarer zu machen; statt allgemeiner Regeln oder Gesetze (nomokratische Gemeinwohlauffassung) herrschen konkrete Ziele, weil diese im politischen Prozes schlagkraftiger sind (teleokratischer Programmstaat)2. Das Recht ist dabei sowohl fur die Zielbestimmung (Staatsaufgabenformulierung) als auch fur die Instrumentalisierung der Wirtschaftspolitik von besonderer Wichtigkeit.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOMPATIBILITY REACTIONS AND EVIDENCE FOR NUCLEAR MIGRATION IN ARMILLARIA MELLEA

A new technique was developed to distinguish the four incompatibility interactions in Armillaria mellea sensu stricto. The technique involves confronting two single-basidiospore isolates on oak wood extract agar and then transplanting a strip from the colonies including the interaction zone onto squeezed orange juice agar. A compatible (A#-B #) interaction results in a change of the colony morphology along the entire agar strip. Morphological characteristics of compatible interactions are highly variable. They may be expressed as appressed or crustose secondary mycelium. In a common B (A¢B=) interaction, such a change occurs only in the interaction zone. The ends of the agar strip remain white and fluffy. Both the common A (A=B-#) and common AB (A=B=) interactions remain fluffy and unchanged. The genotype can be deduced after identifying the A# B and A# =B= interactions. In addition, pairing mycelium produced by the confrontations with known monosporous tester isolates showed that nuclear migration occurs in A=B-# and A-# B# interactions but does not occur in A #B= interactions.
Removal of Particulate Contamination from Solid Surfaces Using Polymeric Micropillars

This Research Article describes a novel method for removal of particulate contamination, loosely referred to as dust, from solid surfaces using polymeric micropillars. In this Research Article, we illustrate for the first time that polymeric microfibrils of controlled interfacial and geometrical properties can effectively remove micrometric and submicrometric contaminant particles from a solid surface without damaging the underlying substrate. Once these microfibrils are brought into contact with a contaminated surface, because of their their soft and flexible structure, they develop intimate contact with both the surface contaminants and the substrate. While these intrinsically nonsticky micropillars have minimal interfacial interactions with the substrate, we show that they produce strong interfacial interactions with the contaminant particles, granting the detachment of the particles from the surface upon retraction of the cleaning material. The origin and strength of the interfacial interactions at the interfaces between a contaminant particle and both the substrate and the cleaning materials are thoroughly discussed. Unlike flat substrates of the same material, using microfibrillar structures of controlled interfacial and geometrical properties also allows the elimination of the adsorbed particles from the contact interface. Here we demonstrate that by moving the adsorbed particles from the tip to the side of the fibrils and consequently removing them from the contact interface, polymeric microfibrils can clean all contaminant particles from the surface. The effects of the geometrical and interfacial properties of polymeric micropillars on removing the adsorbed particles from the tips of the pillars are fully discussed. This research is not only important in terms of introducing a novel method which can offer a new paradigm for thorough yet nondestructive cleaning of dust particles from solid surfaces, but also it is of fundamental significance for researchers with interests in exploiting the benefits offered by microstructured surfaces in development of interfacially active materials and devices.
Toward Scalable Whole-Cell Modeling of Human Cells

Whole-cell (WC) models comprehensively predict cellular phenotypes by simulating the biochemistry in individual cells. WC models have the potential to enable bioengineers and physicians to rationally design microorganisms and medical therapies. WC models are developed by combining multiple mathematically distinct pathway sub-models into a single multi-algorithm model. The only existing WC model represents a small bacterium. However, to enable medical therapy, new scalable methods are needed to model human cells that contain 100 times more molecular species and 10,000-100,000 times more molecules. We describe the design of a novel system for building and simulating WC models, including an expressive sequence- and rule-based modeling language and a multi-algorithm simulator that employs optimistic parallel discrete event simulation.
Spiritual Care Services in Emergency Medicine

Providing spiritual care services in Emergency Departments is essential to treating the patient in a holistic manner. After all, a patient is not an illness or a statistic but a complex human being; a mass of emotions and fears facing an unknown. As simple as this concept is, it can easily appear to be forgotten in a fast-paced emergency department (ED). Sensitivity to the spiritual needs and differences that patients bring to the ED helps to foster the humanity of each patient regardless of cultural, socioeconomic, ethnic, or religious differences. Understanding the patient as a spiritual being necessitates the care of not only the body (physical) and the mind (mental), but also the spirit (spiritual health and wellness). Spiritual/pastoral care services provided in the ED are a significant aspect of treating the whole patient during a health crisis or trauma. Above all, the effort to recognize and address the spiritual needs and differences of patients through spiritual/pastoral care demonstrates cultural competency.
Toward Reducing Ageism: PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) Model

The population of older adults is growing worldwide. Negative ageism (negative attitudes and behavior toward older adults) is a serious international concern that negatively influences not only older adults but also individuals across the age continuum. This article proposes and examines the application of an integrative theoretical model across empirical evidence in the literature on ageism in psychology, medicine, social work, and sociology. The proposed Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences (PEACE) model focuses on 2 key contributing factors expected to reduce negative ageism: (a) education about aging including facts on aging along with positive older role models that dispel negative and inaccurate images of older adulthood; and (b) positive contact experiences with older adults that are individualized, provide or promote equal status, are cooperative, involve sharing of personal information, and are sanctioned within the setting. These 2 key contributing factors have the potential to be interconnected and work together to reduce negative stereotypes, aging anxiety, prejudice, and discrimination associated with older adults and aging. This model has implications for policies and programs that can improve the health and well-being of individuals, as well as expand the residential, educational, and career options of individuals across the age continuum.
"Walking in a maze": community providers' difficulties coordinating health care for homeless patients.

While dual usage of US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA health services increases access to care and choice for veterans, it is also associated with a number of negative consequences including increased morbidity and mortality. Veterans with multiple health conditions, such as the homeless, may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of dual use. Homeless veteran dual use is an understudied yet timely topic given the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Veterans Choice Act of 2014, both of which may increase non-VA care for this population. The study purpose was to evaluate homeless veteran dual use of VA and non-VA health care by describing the experiences, perspectives, and recommendations of community providers who care for the population. Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with medical, dental, and behavioral health providers at a large, urban Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) program. Qualitative content analysis procedures were used. HCH providers experienced challenges coordinating care with VA medical centers for their veteran patients. Participants lacked knowledge about the VA health care system and were unable to help their patients navigate it. The HCH and VA medical centers lacked clear lines of communication. Providers could not access the VA medical records of their patients and felt this hampered the quality and efficiency of care veterans received. Substantial challenges exist in coordinating care for homeless veteran dual users. Our findings suggest recommendations related to education, communication, access to electronic medical records, and collaborative partnerships. Without dedicated effort to improve coordination, dual use is likely to exacerbate the fragmented care that is the norm for many homeless persons.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Use of Flood Risk Analyses

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (formerly the Atomic Energy Commission) has recognized the potential hazards resulting from the flooding of a commercial nuclear power plant. Indeed, the siting regulation (10 CFR 100) recognized floods as a natural hazard. Flooding of a great enough magnitude in some cases could cause loss of electrical controls, emergency cooling water pumps, diesel generators and other safety systems through mechanisms of inundation, impact forces, and erosion. In order to independently evaluate the potential for flooding at proposed reactor sites, the Atomic Energy Commission in 1968 contracted the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate flooding potential at coastal sites and river sites, respectively. For river sites, the USGS often used statistical.
Quantification of Primary Metabolites of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari: Rare Endangered species

Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari is an important medicinal plant of herbal heritage of India. It belongs to family Burseraceae. The plant is an important medicinal plant and is used in large number of ayurvedic preparations to treat variety of diseases. It is mainly used to treat diseases like atherosclerosis, leprosy, pneumonia, rheumatism etc. The gum resin also has aphrodisiac, diuretic and immunostimulant properties. Primary metabolites viz, protein, lipid, carbohydrates and so forth play a key role in metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and nutrient assimilation. They are used as raw material and food additives. The present study was conducted to investigate biochemical estimation of primary metabolites viz, totalsoluble sugar, starch, lipids, proteins and phenols etc .in vitro plant parts.
Review: Yona Friedman: Architecture mobile = Architecture vivante

Yona Friedman: Architecture mobile = Architecture vivante Cite de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine, Paris 11 May–6 November 2016 The French Hungarian architect Yona Friedman has suffered an odd historiographical fate. He is known, to quote Archigram's Peter Cook, as a “Daddy of the megastructure” and a leader of an international network of experimental urbanists in the 1960s and 1970s.1 He is acknowledged as a pioneer in the theorization of key design concepts such as mobility, adaptability, and improvisation, and he is lauded as an influential progenitor of participatory design. But these plaudits appear mostly in footnotes, interviews, blog posts, and passing asides. Friedman remains an “architect's architect,” receiving scant attention from historians. The recent retrospective Yona Friedman: Architecture mobile = Architecture vivante , held at the Cite de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine in Paris, attempted to rectify this state of affairs and introduce Friedman to a broader audience. Curated by Caroline Cros, the show glossed Friedman's biography and his major projects. Filling one large gallery, it was arranged roughly thematically, with walls dedicated, respectively, to architectural works on paper, models, and artwork made by Friedman in the 1960s to decorate his home and studio. The final wall displayed a series of philosophical comic strips that Friedman created in the 1990s. The exhibition was augmented by interviews with Friedman and documentation of his career accessible through television monitors equipped with stools and headphones. Books by Friedman were available to visitors, and his Instagram account was live streamed, creating a casual environment that encouraged sustained engagement. A central aim of the exhibition was to argue for a wider acknowledgment of Friedman's place in the canon. The first vitrine encountered upon entering displayed ephemera tying Friedman to well-known figures such as Le Corbusier and Moshe Safdie. Implicitly challenging the Anglo-American narrative constructed by Reyner Banham, the show's wall texts quoted praise by stalwarts of the Parisian avant-garde, such as Pierre …
Hierarchically porous CoFe2O4 nanosheets supported on Ni foam with excellent electrochemical properties for asymmetric supercapacitors

Abstract A new type of hierarchically mesoporous cobalt ferrite oxide nanosheets, CoFe2O4 nanosheets, has been successfully fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method on the Ni foam followed by a post-annealing treatment. This CoFe2O4 nanosheets was employed as a supercapacitor electrode and exhibited an excellent capacitance of 503 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. When the current density increased to 20 A g−1, the capacitance of CoFe2O4 nanosheets can maintain 78.5% (395 F g−1) of the initial value, indicating the remarkable rate capability of the as-prepared CoFe2O4 nanosheets. An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on CoFe2O4 nanosheets as a positive electrode and the activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode was assembled for the first time. The as-fabricated ASC delivered a specific capacitance of 73.12 F g−1 at a current density of 1.2 A g−1 in a voltage window of 1.5 V. The CoFe2O4//AC ASC could achieve a high energy density of 22.85 W h kg−1 and good long-term cycling stability (98% retention after 5000 cycles). These results demonstrated that CoFe2O4 nanosheets could be one of the promising electrode material for supercapacitors applications.
Numerical Simulation of Mixing in a Micro-Channel with Non-Uniform Zeta Potential Surface

A numerical study of a novel high performance micromixer is presented, which creates a complex three dimensional fluid flow field in a straight microchannel through the use of non-uniform zeta potential surface on microchannel walls, without the need for complex geometries and fabrication processes, or unsteady flow actuation. By patterning the non-uniform zeta potential surfaces with sloped interface against the net flow direction, transverse velocity components and vortical structures are induced, both are highly desirable for mixing.
CCAR-1 is a negative regulator of the heat-shock response in Caenorhabditis elegans

Defects in protein quality control during aging are central to many human diseases, and strategies are needed to better understand mechanisms of controlling the quality of the proteome. The heat-shock response (HSR) is a conserved survival mechanism mediated by the transcription factor HSF1 which functions to maintain proteostasis. In mammalian cells, HSF1 is regulated by a variety of factors including the prolongevity factor SIRT1. SIRT1 promotes the DNA-bound state of HSF1 through deacetylation of the DNA-binding domain of HSF1, thereby enhancing the HSR. SIRT1 is also regulated by various factors, including negative regulation by the cell-cycle and apoptosis regulator CCAR2. CCAR2 negatively regulates the HSR, possibly through its inhibitory interaction with SIRT1. We were interested in studying conservation of the SIRT1/CCAR2 regulatory interaction in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in utilizing this model organism to observe the effects of modulating sirtuin activity on the HSR, longevity, and proteostasis. The HSR is highly conserved in C. elegans and is mediated by the HSF1 homolog, HSF-1. We have uncovered that negative regulation of the HSR by CCAR2 is conserved in C. elegans and is mediated by the CCAR2 ortholog, CCAR-1. This negative regulation requires the SIRT1 homolog SIR-2.1. In addition, knockdown of CCAR-1 via ccar-1 RNAi works through SIR-2.1 to enhance stress resistance, motility, longevity, and proteostasis. This work therefore highlights the benefits of enhancing sirtuin activity to promote the HSR at the level of the whole organism.
Abstract 4631: Modeling the vascular sarcoma spectrum with genetically engineered mice

Angiosarcomas are highly aggressive vascular sarcomas with an extremely poor prognosis. Angiosarcomas can develop spontaneously or are associated with prior radiation, chronic lymphedema, or exposure to toxic chemicals such as vinyl chloride. Sequencing efforts have identified a number of genetic alterations in angiosarcoma, however the genetic drivers and actionable targets remain unclear. Despite the poor outcome for patients, there are limited resources for studying angiosarcoma, highlighting the need for genetic, in vivo models to better elucidate the underlying biology of the disease. In studying the role of DICER1 and microRNAs in mouse models of tumorigenesis, we found that Dicer1 deletion with aP2-Cre leads to aggressive and metastatic angiosarcoma development with 100% penetrance. ERK and S6 hyperphosphorylation in the aP2-Cre;Dicer1cKO (AD) tumors suggest Dicer1 loss results in activation of the RAS-MEK-ERK and mTOR pathways. To determine if direct activation of the these pathways could similarly transform aP2-Cre expressing cells we first interrogated the combination of oncogenic KrasG12D with Cdkn2a inactivation. We found that aP2-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Cdkn2acKO (AKC) mice rapidly develop angiosarcomas providing an accelerated model for assessing cooperating alleles and therapies. To activate the mTOR pathway we tested conditional Tsc1 deletion with aP2-Cre and found that all aP2-Cre;Tsc1cKO (AT) animals develop vascular tumors in the paws. In contrast to the AD and AKC tumors, AT tumors express markers of lymphatic endothelial cells such as PROX1. In addition, the tumors display a distinct nodular spindle cell-like morphology that is consistent with a low grade angiosarcoma resembling human kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas, a vascular tumor occurring predominantly in the extremities of infants. The distinct onset, growth kinetics, anatomic locations, and histologic presentation of the tumors from AD, AT, and AKC mice provide a mechanism to interrogate the drivers of angiosarcoma in less aggressive AT paw tumors and more aggressive AD and AKC tumors. Furthermore, the aP2-Cre driven mouse models provide a platform to study angiosarcoma initiation, progression, and metastasis for the identification of novel therapeutics to improve outcomes for this understudied and devastating disease. Citation Format: Jason A. Hanna, Casey G. Langdon, Matthew R. Garcia, David Finkelstein, Jerold E. Rehg, Mark E. Hatley. Modeling the vascular sarcoma spectrum with genetically engineered mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4631.
Language of Measurement in Henry James’ IN THE CAGE

In the Cage is a novella about language—what is said and unsaid, its transmission and reception. At its plot’s core, of course, is telegraphy. This method of communication insists that readers too ...
Tripping the Black fantastic at a PWI: Or how Afrofuturist exhibitions in an academic library changed everything:

There is diversity in our stacks and cultural collections. How might an academic library present these differently from a museum or art gallery to create dynamic and inclusive exhibitions? This cas...
Clinical Challenges for Women of Modern Societies and Potential Cardiovascular Consequences.

During the last decade, modern societies have witnessed an increase in the availability of options to assist human reproduction for infertile couples. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes all fertility treatments that involve procedures in which both eggs and embryos are handled, such as
Detecting somatic mutations with high accuracy in plasma cell-free DNA with TNER2

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to small fragments of tumor DNA in the total cell free DNA (cfDNA) from cancer patients. Detecting ctDNA in plasma has provided a promising, non-invasive liquid biopsy approach that could be utilized for cancer diagnosis and treatments. Depending on many factors, the quantity of ctDNA can be very low in the total cfDNA especially in early stage cancers, which posted a great challenge for ultra-sensitive detection with high specificity. Previously, we published TNER, an effective noise reducing algorithm based on tri-nucleotide context (TNC) data from healthy subject samples to polish background noise before calling mutations. It offers great specificity in mutation detection however it might over-polish true mutations when ctDNA concentration is very low. To improve its detection sensitivity in samples with low ctDNA concentration, we developed TNER2, a significant extension of TNER with a refined background polishing process by leveraging somatic mutation patterns from known cancer mutation data. Since there is a distinct difference between TNC pattern in cancer and healthy sample, TNER2 enables a more sensitive analysis on ctDNA data for early detection of cancer.