cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seizing the Moment: Creating a Changed Society and University through Outreach

This conference is built on two very interesting premises; first, that university outreach can change society and second, that outreach can also change the university. What is the mechanism by which this mutual influence can occur? What does the university offer the community, and what does the community offer the university? The short answer is--the opportunity to learn in the company of others in a situation where learning has consequences. Why Do Universities and Colleges Develop Partnerships with the Community? I n the past several years, the importance of incorporating civic responsibility into both institutional missions and the curriculum has acquired much higher visibility. It is difficult to keep up with the articles and books being written about civic responsibility, public scholarship, service-learning, and community-based learning. Many colleges and universities are now experimenting with a variety of approaches to learning communities, service-learning, community-university partnerships, collaborative research models, outreach, and engagement that bring together students, faculty, and community participants to work on issues that will affect the quality of life in communities and create opportunities for others. Several years ago, in a report based on the experience of 120 colleges and universities that had participated in the Pew Roundtables, the Institute for Research on Higher Education at the 1The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and may not reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Differential glycosylation and cell surface expression of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins in sublines of a human colon cancer exhibiting distinct metastatic potentials.

Changes in the glycosylation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides have been shown in various tumor cells, including human colon cancer. Attempts were made to elucidate the difference in Asn-linked oligo-saccharides attached to lysosomal membrane glycoproteins isolated from sublines of human colon carcinoma exhibiting high and low metastatic potentials in nude mice. Lysosomal membrane glycoproteins (lamp) 1 and 2 were immunoprecipitated from the cells after labeling with radioactive sugars, and the glycopeptides prepared were fractionated by serial lectin affinity chromatography employing immobilized concanavalin A, Datura stramonium agglutinin, and tomato lectin. Comparison of Asn-linked oligosaccharides from the different colonic carcinoma cells revealed the following features. First, the highly metastatic carcinoma cells express more poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains with branched galactose residues than cells with low metastatic potential. Second, sialylation is more significant in the highly metastatic carcinoma cells than in the poorly metastatic ones. Conversely, N-acetyllactosamine units are less fucosylated in the highly metastatic cells than in poorly metastatic cells. These structural changes were apparently caused by the increase in sialyltransferase and the decrease in alpha 1—-3 fucosyltransferase in the highly metastatic cells. The results also suggest that highly metastatic carcinoma cells express more sialyl Lex structures at the termini of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl side chains than poorly metastatic carcinoma cells. Further, highly metastatic cells were found to express more lamp-1 and lamp-2 on the cell surface. These results were found to be correlated to the increased expression of sialyl Lex structures with high affinity binding of anti-sialyl Lex antibody on highly metastatic cells. Increased expression of sialyl Lex in the poly-N-acetyllactosamines of the cell surface may contribute to the metastatic behavior of the cells, assuming that this structure can serve as a better ligand for selectins present on endothelial cells and platelets.
Investigation of nonlinear wave propagation in water

In this paper the effects of nonlinear wave distortion have been described. This problem is characterized for the nonlinear medium. The experimental investigation results of nonlinear propagation have been presented. The wave distortion is connected with the hannonic generation. The measuring set-up used for the investigation of nonlinear wave distortion has been shown. It allows to measure wave distortion by determining harmonic amplitude and their numbers as a function of the distance from a wave source. As a primary wave source, the "sandwich" transducers have been used. The resonance frequencies of these transducers were 30kHz and 81kHz respectively. The recorded wave distortions are shown in diagrams and photos. Also the spectrum evolution as a function of distance from the wave source is shown. The investigation results are connected with the weak nonlinear wave distortion.
Glutamine auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis that overproduce glutamine synthetase antigen have altered conserved amino acids in or near the active site.

Abstract A number of mutations within the Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase (GS) gene result in altered catalytic properties and overproduction of the GS antigen. The restriction fragments containing mutations from three such mutants were sequenced, and they all had amino acid changes in conserved residues found either within or near sequences contributing to the active site of the Salmonella typhimurium GS.
Electron Scattering with Polarized 3He

Inclusive electron scattering has been a tremendously useful tool for the study of hadronic and nuclear structure. Although there is substantial kinematic flexibility, one can only access two experimental quantities by using the technique of Rosenbluth separation: the longitudinal response function and the transverse response function. More detailed information on the electromagnetic response requires either detection of final state hadrons in coincidence with the scattered electron or utilization of polarization degrees of freedom (or both). Many CW electron accelerators are being built at present to exploit the possibility of coincidence measurements. In addition, recent developments in polarized beams and targets have opened many new opportunities for studies of spin-dependent electromagnetic response functions. I will concentrate here on the possiblities for using polarized 3He, primarily in inclusive electron scattering experiments.
The Domain of Deductive Reason

The primary aim of this chapter is to present a true description of Hume’s theory of deductive sciences, viz., arithmetic and geometry, which appears scattered throughout his work; and to settle once and for all the divergent and often contradictory assertions of Hume’s critics, e.g., Kant, Baumann, Metz, Windelband, etc., on this issue. Secondarily, the aim is to show the inadequacy of Hume’s two principles, i.e., the principle of meaning and the principle of analyticity, as these principles are applied in the domain of mathematics.
Viking Fund Medalists 1954

THE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION medalist for 1954 is distinguished for the breadth of his interests and the stimulation this has given to the entire profession. Publications of his field researches represent creative pioneer studies in many areas. Tepoztlan (1930) was one of the earliest community studies. Chan Kom (co-authored with Alfonso Villa in 1934) initiated a series of studies of Yucatecan communities which culminated in The Folk Culture of Yucatdn (1941)-the major statement of his theoretical position to that time. His subsequent works are noteworthy for extending anthropological horizons to the broadest historical and philosophical problems. A Village That Chose Progress (1950) offers observations, after a return to Chan Kom, on the conditions and consequences of acceptance of social change. In The Primitive World and Its Transformations (1953), Dr. Redfield turns his attention to the study of values, and of "civilization and the moral order." The Little Community (1955) considers the problem of relating to the study of complex civilizations research on their component parts. Dr. Redfield's influence has been many-directional. As teacher, author, and lecturer, as administrator and participant in interdisciplinary councils, he has carried the influence of anthropology to diverse fields of scholarship, including all of the social sciences and humanities interpreting each to the others.
Band-sensitive seizure onset detection via CSP-enhanced EEG features

Abstract This paper presents two novel epileptic seizure onset detectors. The detectors rely on a common spatial pattern (CSP)-based feature enhancement stage that increases the variance between seizure and nonseizure scalp electroencephalography (EEG). The proposed feature enhancement stage enables better discrimination between seizure and nonseizure features. The first detector adopts a conventional classification stage using a support vector machine (SVM) that feeds the energy features extracted from different subbands to an SVM for seizure onset detection. The second detector uses logical operators to pool SVM seizure onset detections made independently across different EEG spectral bands. The proposed detectors exhibit an improved performance, with respect to sensitivity and detection latency, compared with the state-of-the-art detectors. Experimental results have demonstrated that the first detector achieves a sensitivity of 95.2%, detection latency of 6.43 s, and false alarm rate of 0.59 per hour. The second detector achieves a sensitivity of 100%, detection latency of 7.28 s, and false alarm rate of 1.2 per hour for the MAJORITY fusion method.
Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States.

Background We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of non-prescribed use of pain relievers—mainly opioids—in a representative sample of American adolescents (N = 18,678).
Lattice Energy Calculations for Vacancy Structures

Abstract Madelung energy calculations were carried out for a number of rare earth oxides including some with vacancy-containing structures. The calculated enthalpies of formation for PrO2, Pr2O3, and Pr9O16 (but not for Pr7012) fall on a straight line when plotted as a function of the oxygen/metal atom ratio.
Infant response to race, size, proximity, and movement of strangers*

The effects of stranger race and size, stranger movement, and parent and stranger proximity on infant response were studied for 32 Caucasian infants between the ages of 4 and 24 months. In general, there was more receptive response to smaller strangers, white strangers, lower levels of stranger proximity, higher levels of parent proximity, and less stranger movement. Infants who were in the theorized sensitive stage for stranger anxiety were more likely to be less receptive to strangers and to be more affected by the experimental variables. The results were interpreted within a survival perspective which viewed infants as actors who behave as if they are assessing survival benefits and risks involved in various stranger approach situations. The relationship of this perspective to cognitive explanations of infant response was discussed.
Relation of swelling and Tg depression to the apparent free volume of a particle-filled, epoxy-based adhesive†

The effect of hygrothermal aging on a particle-filled, epoxy-based adhesive was studied using a gravimetric sorption technique. This study has explored moisture sorption characteristics as well as the associated behaviors of swelling and the depression of the glass transition temperature (Tg). We observed that the diffusion of water in this adhesive has a non-Fickian behavior, and the depression of Tg proceeds to a definite value that is independent of the final equilibrium water content of the system. Our observations suggest that water diffuses into the polymer in a dual-sorption mode, in which water resides in two populations. In one population, water is considered to occupy apparent free volume of the adhesive, and the second population water infiltrates polymer structure and forms hydrogen-bonded clusters. Our results show that hygrothermal aging temperature and swelling do not alter the apparent free volume of this adhesive. We conclude that the constant value of Tg depression at saturation implies that only water in the apparent free volume is responsible for the Tg depression, whereas the swelling proceeds through the formation of hydrogen bonds in the adhesive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1436–1444, 2003
The metasemantics of memory

In Sven Bernecker’s excellent new book, Memory, he proposes an account of what we might call the “metasemantics” of memory: the conditions that determine the contents of the mental representations employed in memory. Bernecker endorses a “pastist externalist” view, according to which the content of a memory-constituting representation is fixed, in part, by the “external” conditions prevalent at the (past) time of the tokening of the original representation (the one from which the memory-constituting one is causally derived). Bernecker argues that the best version of a pastist externalism about memory contents will have the result that there can be semantically-induced memory losses in cases involving unwitting “world-switching”. The burden of this paper is to show that Bernecker’s argument for this conclusion does not succeed. My arguments on this score have implications for our picture of mind-world relations, as these are reflected in a subject’s attempts to recall her past thoughts.
Sequence evolution and sex-specific expression patterns of the C class floral identity gene, SpAGAMOUS, in dioecious Spinacia oleracea L

Development in dioecious cultivated spinach, Spinacia oleracea, is distinguished by the absence of alternative reproductive organ primordia in male and female flowers. Given the highly derived floral developmental program in spinach, we wished to characterize a spinach C class floral identity gene and to determine the patterns of sequence evolution as well as compare the spatial and temporal expression patterns with those of AGAMOUS. The isolated cDNA sequence clusters phylogenetically within the AGAMOUS/FARINELLI C class clade. In comparison with the SLM1 sequence from the related Silene latifolia, amino acid replacements are highly conservative and non-randomly distributed, being predominantly found in hinge regions or on exposed surfaces of helices. The spinach gene (SpAGAMOUS) appears to be exclusively expressed in reproductive tissues and not in vegetative organs. Initial expression of SpAGAMOUS is similar in male and female floral primordia. However, upon initiation of the first whorl organs, SpAGAMOUS becomes restricted to meristemic regions from which the reproductive primordia will develop. This results in an early gender-specific pattern. Thus, the spinach C class gene is differentially expressed prior to reproductive organ development and is, at least, correlated with, if not directly involved in, the sexual dimorphism in spinach.
Physiological influences of fenoxaprop on corn (Zea mays)

Abstract The ethyl ester of fenoxaprop [(±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid] applied to the foliage of corn resulted in a decrease in shoot fresh weight with each increase in herbicide concentration used, with no subsequent effect on root growth measured 96 hr after treatment. Root-applied fenoxaprop inhibited root growth 49% at a concentration of 2.5 μM. Total free amino acid content in treated tissue with 5 × 10−3 M fenoxaprop (336 g ai/ha) for 96 hr increased 84% when compared with that in untreated tissue. Increases of 225 and 522% were recorded for histidine and arginine, respectively, while alanine, isoleucine, serine, and phenylalanine increased at least 100%. DNA content of corn increased 62% when foliar treated with a 5.0 × 10−3 M concentration of fenoxaprop. Fenoxaprop at a concentration of 10−5 M reduced indole-3-acetic acid-induced elongation of first internode sections 29%. Based on these data, fenoxaprop appears to be an auxin antagonist resulting in an accumulation of cellular compounds such as DNA and amino acids.
Sums of powers of the zeros of the Bessel polynomials

Let be the sum of the m -th powers of the zeros of the Bessel polynomial y n ( x ). It is known that for m = 0, 1, 2, …, where c m ( v ) is the Hawkins polynomial. In this paper we find rational functions w m ( v ) such that for m = 0, 1, 2, …
Stimulation of brain pregnenolone synthesis by mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptor ligands in vivo.

Evidence that neurosteroids are potent modulators of the action of GABA at GABAA receptors has prompted the investigation of the mechanism that controls brain neurosteroid synthesis by glial cell mitochondria in vivo. In vitro studies suggest that the interaction of the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)--a polypeptide that is abundant in steroidogenic cells--with glial mitochondrial DBI receptors (MDRs) is a crucial step in the physiological regulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis. MDRs bind 4'-chlorodiazepam (4'-CD), N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-indol-3-acetamide (FGIN-1-27), and the isoquinoline carboxamide PK 11195 with high affinity, and these ligands have been used to investigate whether the stimulation of glial MDRs increases brain pregnenolone production in vivo. Adrenalectomized and castrated (A-C) male rats (to eliminate peripheral sources of pregnenolone) were pretreated with trilostane (to prevent pregnenolone metabolism to progesterone), and the pregnenolone content in brain regions dissected after fixation with a 0.8-s exposure to microwave irradiation focused to the head was determined by HPLC followed by specific radioimmunoassay. The forebrain and cerebellum of A-C rats contained 4-7 ng of pregnenolone/g of tissue, and the olfactory bulb contained 10-14 ng/g. These concentrations of brain pregnenolone are only 30-40% lower than those of sham-operated rats. In contrast, the plasma pregnenolone content of sham-operated rats was 2-3 ng/ml, but it was only 0.15-0.20 ng/ml in the plasma of A-C rats. In A-C rats, treatment with the MDR ligands 4'-CD and FGIN-1-27 increased the pregnenolone content in the brain but failed to change the plasma or peripheral tissue content of this steroid. The effect of 4'-CD on brain pregnenolone content was maximal (70-100% increase) at the dose of 18 mumol/kg, 5-10 min after intravenous injection. The effect of oral administration of FGIN-1-27 on brain pregnenolone content was maximal (80-150% increase) at doses of 400-800 mumol/kg and peaked at approximately 1 h. That this effect of FGIN-1-27 was mediated by the MDR was documented by pretreatment with the MDR partial agonist PK 11195 (100 mumol/kg, i.p.). PK 11195 did not affect basal brain pregnenolone content but prevented the accumulation of brain pregnenolone induced by FGIN-1-27. FGIN-1-27 and 4'-CD failed to increase the brain concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone in A-C rats. These data suggest that glial cell MDRs play a role in neurosteroid biosynthesis in vivo.
The Diversion of Outpatient Echocardiography From Private Offices to Higher Cost Hospital Facilities: An Unanticipated Effect of Code Bundling

Purpose In 2009, the add-on codes for spectral Doppler and color flow Doppler echocardiography were bundled into the code for primary transthoracic echocardiography. The relative value units for the new single code were substantially lower than the previous sum for the 3 codes. The purpose of this study was to see how this affected the distribution of outpatient echocardiographic studies between cardiology offices and hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs). Methods The 2005 to 2011 Medicare databases were used. All echocardiography Current Procedural Terminology codes were selected. Specialty codes identified those done by cardiologists (who do most echocardiographic studies). Place-of-service codes identified those done in offices and HOPDs. Procedure volumes and utilization rates per 1,000 were determined each year before and after bundling occurred in 2009. Results Cardiologists' office echocardiography utilization rate rose from 219.5 per 1,000 in 2005 to 257.1 in 2008 (+17%), then dropped to 100.0 in 2009 (−61%) because of bundling. Their HOPD echocardiography rate rose from 72.2 in 2005 to 76.5 in 2008 (+6%), then dropped to 35.0 in 2009 (−54%). From 2009 to 2011, cardiologists' office echocardiography rate dropped again from 100.0 to 88.8 (−11%), while their HOPD rate increased from 35.0 to 46.1 (+32%). Conclusions Echocardiography code bundling produced the expected sharp drop in outpatient claims from cardiologists in 2009. But after bundling, office echocardiography rates continued to drop, while HOPD rates increased. It seems that in this instance, code bundling led to the closure of many cardiology offices and a resultant shift of echocardiography from that lower cost setting to the higher cost HOPD setting.
Family measurement techniques: Personal authority in the family system questionnaire (pafs-q): A review and critique

Abstract The Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q: Bray et al., 1984a; 1984b) operationalizes aspects of current intergenerational family theory into psychometric scales for use in research and clinical practice. The scales were developed to provide a self-report measure of intergenerational family relationships as perceived by each family member. There are currently three versions of the scales for adults with children, adults without children, and for college students without children. These scales are easily administered and scored. An individual's or a group's scale scores can be compared to scale scores from nonclinical samples, summarized in the Questionnaire Manual (available from the authors), to facilitate clinical interpretation.
Ab initio-based vibrational analysis of α-poly( L -alanine)

Polarized ir and Raman spectra have been obtained on oriented films of α-helical poly(L-alanine) (α-PLA) and its N-deuterated derivative. These improved spectra permit a more complete assignment of observed bands to A-, E1-, and E2-species modes. A new empirical force field has been refined, based on ab initio force fields of N-methylacetamide and L-alanyl-L-alanine, which reproduces observed frequencies above 200 cm−1 to less than 5 cm−1. A new transition dipole coupling treatment avoids the weak coupling and perturbation approximations, and can now account for the newly observed and reassigned amide I (E2) mode. As a result of this improved force field, several other observed bands have also been reassigned. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 46: 283–317, 1998
Survival, reproduction, and arsenic body burdens in Chironomus riparius exposed to arsenate and phosphate

Despite the increasing awareness of arsenic (As) contamination in surface waters worldwide, little is known about how As alone and in the presence of other chemicals affects aquatic insects. Larvae of Chironomus riparius were exposed in a laboratory investigation to factorial combinations of 0, 0.13, 2.0, 5.3, and 13 μmol As l(-1) and 0, 0.15, and 15 μmol PO(4) l(-1) throughout development from first instar to pupal emergence. The time between male and female emergence increased from 1.8±0.17 days to 2.9±0.34 days with exposure at higher As levels. The highest As exposure also decreased the number of eggs per egg mass, which may affect population maintenance. For these parameters, there was no effect from PO(4), and no interaction between As and PO(4). Total As determination of larval and adult tissues was conducted using Hydride Generated Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HGAAS) and revealed concentrations ranging from 2.48±0.363 to 30.5±0.473 μg/g and 1.03±0.286 to 8.97±0.662 μg/g, respectively, indicating elimination of approximately 72% of total As body burdens between the fourth instar and adult stages. There was no effect of PO(4), indicating PO(4) does not alter uptake of As in C. riparius. The potential for movement of As to terrestrial systems exists, though trophic transfer may be more likely during the aquatic larval stage.
Mouse cytomegalovirus is infectious for rats and alters lymphocyte subsets and spleen cell proliferation.

The Smith strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was infectious for infant and mature DA strain laboratory rats as judged by development of neutralizing antibodies and specific spleen cell proliferation on stimulation with MCMV antigen. An i. p. inoculum of 106 PFU of MCMV was fatal for more than two-thirds of infant mice (1–7 days of age), and disseminated viral infection was documented by isolation of virus from body organs. In contrast, weanling and adult rats did not become ill as a result of infection with a larger inoculum of 107 PFU. However, these older MCMV infected rats did show transient reversals of T helper/suppressor cell ratios and alterations of immune cell function as detected byin vitro spleen cell proliferation assays. Seven days after MCMV infection, there was a generalized increase in3H-thymidine incorporation by spleen cells in both resting (unstimulated) cultures and cultures exposed to mitogens (Con A, PHA, LPS) and to MCMV antigen. At 14 days, the spleen cell proliferation in the unstimulated cultures returned to normal but was depressed compared to controls in response to Con A. These observations show that laboratory rats are susceptible to MCMV infection and that assymptomatic infection may occur and cause transient alterations in lymphocyte subsets and in their reactivity to mitogens.
Strategies for Optimizing Immunosuppression in Adolescent Transplant Recipients

Adolescence is a difficult time for transplant recipients; they must learn to take responsibility for their own behavior and medication, and to balance their developing sexuality in a body that has been transformed by the adverse effects of immunosuppression. More than 80% of children survive transplantation to adolescence and adulthood, thus long-term outcome and tailoring of immunosuppression is of great importance.
Reducing instruction fetch energy in multi-issue processors

The need to minimize power while maximizing performance has led to recent developments of powerful superscalar designs targeted at embedded and portable use. Instruction fetch is responsible for a significant fraction of microprocessor power and energy, and is therefore an attractive target for architectural power optimization. We present novel techniques that take advantage of guarantees so that the instruction translation lookaside buffer, branch target buffer, and branch prediction buffer can frequently be disabled, reducing their energy usage, while simultaneously reducing branch predictor contention. These techniques require no changes to the instruction set and can easily be integrated into most single- and multiple-issue processors.
Learning Politeness: Disagreement in a Second Language by WALKINSHAW, IAN

The article reviews the book "Learning Politeness: Disagreement in a Second Language," by Ian Walkinshaw.
Schwinger functions for the Yukawa model in two dimensions with space-time cutoff

It is shown that a Euclidean version of the formulae of Matthews and Salam for the Green's functions of a two-dimensional Yukawa model with interaction in a finite space-time volume makes sense, if renormalized correctly.
INFLUENCE OF MIXING INTENSITY ON THE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ACROSS LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES

Abstract The influence of mixing intensity on the liquid-liquid mass transfer have been investigated using a binary system (water/n-butanol) in a modified stirred cell type contactor which overcomes the shortcomings associated with the previous contactors. It is observed that the mass transfer coefficient is affected by the degree of mixing intensity in both phases. The dependence of the aqueous and organic mass transfer coefficients on the mixing rate is about the same when both phases are agitated at the same speed and these coefficients become asymptotic values for the coefficients obtained at non identical agitation rate in both phases.
Tidal disruption and magnetic flux capture: powering a jet from a quiescent black hole

The transient Swift J1644+57 is believed to have been produced by an unlucky star wandering too close to a supermassive black hole (BH) leading to a tidal disruption event. This unusual flare displayed highly super-Eddington X-ray emission which likely originated in a relativistic, collimated jet. This presents challenges to modern accretion and jet theory as upper limits of prior BH activity, which we obtain from the radio afterglow of this event, imply that both the pre-disruption BH and stellar magnetic fluxes fall many orders of magnitude short of what is required to power the observed X-ray luminosity. We argue that a pre-existing, "fossil" accretion disc can contain a sufficient reservoir of magnetic flux and that the stellar debris stream is capable of dragging this flux into the BH. To demonstrate this, we perform local, 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the disc--stream interaction and demonstrate that the interface between the two is unstable to mixing. This mixing entrains a sufficient amount of fossil disc magnetic flux into the infalling stellar debris to power the jet. We argue that the interaction with the fossil disc can have a pronounced effect on the structure and dynamics of mass fallback and likely the resulting transient. Finally, we describe possible ramifications of these interactions on unresolved problems in tidal disruption dynamics, in particular, the efficiency of debris circularization, and effects of the disruption on the preexisting black hole system. Animations online: this http URL
The maintained discharge of rat retinal ganglion cells

Action potentials were recorded from rat retinal ganglion cell fibers in the presence of a uniform field, and the maintained discharge pattern was characterized. Spike trains recorded under ketaminexylazine. The majority of cells had multimodal interval distributions, with the first peak in the range of 25.00.97). Both ON and OFF cells show serial correlations between adjacent interspike intervals, while ON cells also showed second-order correlations. Cells with multimodal interval distribution showed a strong peak at high frequencies in the power spectra in the range of 28.9-41.4 Hz. Oscillations were present under both anesthetic conditions and persisted in the dark at a slightly lower frequency, implying that the oscillations are generated independent of any light stimulus but can be modulated by light level. The oscillation frequency varied slightly between cells of the same type and in the same eye, suggesting that multiple oscillatory generating mechanisms exist within the retina. Cells with high-frequency oscillations were described well by an integrate-and-fire model with the input consisting of Gaussian noise plus a sinusoid where the phase was jittered randomly to account for the bandwidth present in the oscillations.
Prostaglandin E2 down-regulation of T cell IL-2 production is independent of IL-10 during gram-negative sepsis

Abstract The present study ascertained the role of PGE 2 in sepsis associated modulation of IL-2 and IL-10 production by T cells. Sepsis was induced in 225–250 g male rats (Sprague–Dawley) by implanting fecal pellets containing Escherichia coli (100–150 CFU) and Bacteroides fragilis (10 4 CFU) into the abdominal cavity. Animals implanted with fecal pellets without the bacteria were designated as sterile. For the assessment of PGE 2 role in sepsis, a group of septic and sterile rats were pretreated with indomethacin to inhibit endogenous PGE 2 synthesis. Splenic T cells were obtained 48 h after septic or sterile implantations, and their IL-2 and IL-10 production was measured. A significant suppression in the levels of IL-2 production and mRNA expression was observed in T cells from septic rats compared with the T cells from sterile and control rats. IL-10 protein and mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in septic rat T cell compared to sterile and control rat T cells. Although, treatment of animals with indomethacin significantly prevented the sepsis-related suppression of IL-2 production, such treatment of animals was associated with a further upregulation of IL-10 production. These data suggest that although PGE 2 released during sepsis can cause T cell IL-2 down-regulation, it may not mediate the T cell IL-10 upregulation. The IL-2 down-regulation may not be an effect of IL-10 upregulation.
A Drug-Unresponsive and Protease-Resistant CNOX Protein from Human Sera

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ammonium sulfate fractionation were employed in series to purify and concentrate a 12.5-kDa protein fragment with a periodic (24-min period) proteinase K-resistant and drug-unresponsive NADH oxidase (CNOX) activity from pooled sera from healthy volunteers. The activity was unresponsive to capsaicin to distinguish it from the previously isolated cancer-associated NOX form (tNOX). Polyclonal antisera generated to the CNOX fragment cross-reacted with 20.5- to 24-kDa proteins of human sera, human lymphocytes, and plasma membranes from Escherichia coli with the molecular weight depending on source and conditions of treatment with proteinase K.
Factors determining maintenance of sinus rhythm after chronic atrial fibrillation with left atrial dilatation

Successful therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reportedly influenced by a variety of factors including patient age, type of underlying heart disease, duration of arrhythmia, left ventricular function and left atrial (LA) size. To determine which of these factors are associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion, 43 patients with symptomatic chronic AF in the setting of a dilated left atrium (greater than or equal to 45 mm, range 45 to 78) were followed for at least 6 months after the return of sinus rhythm. Class IA drugs, IC drugs or amiodarone were used for therapy. Life table analysis showed sinus rhythm to be maintained in 81% for 6 months, 79% for 12 months and 60% for 24 months. Factors positively associated with success were conversion with drug therapy alone, duration of chronic AF less than or equal to 1 year, absence of mitral valve disease and LA dimension less than or equal to 60 mm (all p less than 0.05). Patient age, left ventricular function and presence of coronary disease were not associated with outcome. Thus, patients with moderate LA dilatation (45 to 60 mm) and a short duration of chronic AF can often be maintained in sinus rhythm, especially if they convert with pharmacologic intervention alone.
Teachers’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding curriculum integration

This paper summarises the results of a three-day workshop conducted between October and December of 2007 as part of a larger project dedicated to improving teacher quality at the pre-service and in-service levels. Both pre- and post-test measures were administered before and after workshop completion in order to capture changes in knowledge, attitude, and perception. For contextual relevance, findings are summarised in light of extant literature pertaining to curriculum integration.
Free States of the Canonical Anticommutation Relations

Each gauge invariant generalized free state ω A of the anticommutation relation algebra over a complex Hilbert spaceK is characterized by an operatorA onK. It is shown that the cyclic representations induced by two gauge invariant generalized free states ω A and ω B are quasi-equivalent if and only if the operatorsA 1/2−B 1/2 and (I−A)1/2−(I−B)1/2 are of Hilbert-Schmidt class. The combination of this result with results from the theory of isomorphisms of von Neumann algebras yield necessary and sufficient conditions for the unitary equivalence of the cyclic representations induced by gauge invariant generalized free states.
Hemoglobin ontogenesis: test of the gene excision hypothesis

The gene excision hypothesis of hemoglobin ontogenesis was tested in persons with HbSC disease, with the use of monospecific fluorescent antibodies for the identification of hemoglobins S, C, and F in individual erythrocytes. The results are incompatible with the prediction that only one gamma- or beta-globin gene may be active in any single chromosome and provide further evidence for incomplete repression of gamma-globin genes lying cis to active beta-globin genes.
Cyclization during polyesterification: Isolation of an 18‐member ring compound from reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol

On isole apres oligomerisation en masse ou en solution un dibenzo-tetraoxacyclooctadecanetetraone avec un rendement de 1,7%
Anterograde degeneration study of the superior colliculus in Tupaia glis: Evidence for a subdivision between superficial and deep layers

The large, well developed superior colliculus of the tree shrew with its highly differentiated layers is ideal for analyzing the connections of individual layers. Our most significant finding concerns the differences between the projections of the superficial and deep layers. Lesions limited to those strata which receive projections from the retina and striate cortex (superficial 3 layers) result in terminal degeneration almost exclusively within the pulvinar, the pretectal area, and the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei. In each case, the greatest amount of degeneration was present in the pulvinar, supporting previous suggestions that the tecto-pulvinar pathway conveys visual information. In sharp contrast, lesions limited to the deep layers which receive multimodal input from nonstriate areas of the neocortex and from a variety of subcortical centers, produce terminal degeneration in entirely different thalamic nuclei — certain intralaminar nuclei, the subthalamic region, and a region homologous to the posterior nuclear group of Rose and Woolsey ('49). The deep lesions also result in terminal degeneration within the inferior colliculus, the parabigeminal nucleus, the reticulo-tegmental nucleus, and the inferior olivary nucleus, as well as in the brainstem reticular formation. Finally, deep lesions produced scattered degenerating fibers in the motor facial nucleus. Our results favor a division of the tree shrew superior colliculus into superficial and deep portions based on strikingly different projection patterns and may be useful in resolving certain problems of thalamic homology.
Effects of particle fueling and plasma wall interactions on DIII-D discharges

Abstract DIII-D has successfully operated with an all-graphite first wall, including the first observations of VH-mode without boronization. A major goal of this, and other recent upgrades, was to control impurity influxes and hydrogenic fueling. Graphite tiles were carefully preconditioned, first by ex situ preparation and then by baking and helium glow conditioning. No deuterium or hydrogen was used until tokamak operation commenced. With the all graphite wall, both impurity and deuterium influxes during tokamak discharges were lower than previous boronized discharges; central nickel impurity line radiation, NiXXV and NiXXVI, was an order of magnitude lower than previous discharges during the ELM free beam heated phase. The effect of reduced particle fueling on plasma performance, particularly H- and VH-mode discharges, will be presented.
Repetitive firing of Renshaw spinal interneurons

A model of the Renshaw spinal interneuron has been developed. The model consists of a nonhomogeneous cylinder divided into three compartments: dendrites, soma and axon initial segment (I.S). The soma and dendrites are represented as a cylindrical cable by the method of Rall (1962); anatomical data of Jankowska and Lindstrom (1971) from fluorescent dye injections were used to construct the cable. The soma and I.S. membranes are assumed to have Hodgkin-Huxley-like membrane activity. In comparison with our previous model of a tonic motorneuron (Traub, 1977), the Renshaw cell has a faster membrane time constant, faster Hodgkin-Huxley rate functions, ? h and β h shifted to the right on the voltage axis, and no slow potassium conductance. With appropriate input conductances, the Renshaw cell model exhibits the following features: it develops very high frequency bursts (over 1000 impulses per s) which trail off over a period of 10---20 ms; the second spike has small amplitude and successive spikes develop progressively larger amplitudes. Comparisons are drawn with the experimental observations of Eccles et al. (1961) and Willis and Willis (`966). With this model, it is feasible to compute the steady firing rate for a large number of steady synaptic excitatory and inhibitory conductances by direct integration of the differential equations.
Intensity fluctuations in Fraunhofer lines

An expression is derived for the fluctuation φ(t) in emergent intensity (observed at some wavelength λ in a Fraunhofer line or the continuum) caused by a perturbation in temperature θ(z, t) in the Sun's atmosphere. If the contribution function for the observed intensity is single-peaked near zλ and if θ(z) and p(z) are not too rapidly varying, then φλ(t) ∼ mλη(zλ, t)+Nλp(zλ, t) where mλ and Nλ depend on the structure of the atmosphere. We compute M, N, and contribution functions for several values of μ and Δλ in the inner wings of the K line (λ13933 Caii).
Conformal mapping of groundwater flow fields with internal boundaries

Abstract An analytical approach is presented for solving problems of steady, two-dimensional groundwater flow with inhomogeneity boundaries. A common approach for such problems is to separate the problem domain into two homogeneous domains, search for solutions in each domain, and then attempt to match conditions, either exactly or approximately, along the inhomogeneity boundary. Here, we use classical solutions to problems with inhomogeneity boundaries with simple geometries, and map conformally the entire domain onto a new one. In this way, existing solutions are used to solve problems with more complex, and more practical, boundary geometries. The approach is general, but subject to some restrictions on the mapping functions that may be used. Using this approach, we develop explicit analytical solutions for two problems of practical interest. The first problem addresses aquifer interaction across a gap in an impermeable separating layer; flow regimes are defined and the interaction is quantified. The second solution represents flow in the vertical plane to a partially clogged stream bed that is partially penetrating the aquifer; the stream bed is modeled as a thin layer of low-permeability silt. Flow regimes for groundwater surface–water interaction are quantified analytically.
Design and implementation of a multi-microprocessor architecture for image processing

Abstract A multi-microprocessor system prototype has been developed for use in image processing applications. A linear array of processors is interfaced to a two-dimensional SRAM array with a row/column access topology. Off processor control logic is implemented to coordinate parallel conditional branching and looping statements in an otherwise SIMD architecture known as the Access Constrained Memory Array Architecture (ACMAA). Our prototype consists of a two-element processor array interfaced to a 2 × 2 SRAM array and is used to estimate the performance of larger systems. Architecture specific algorithms for 2-D convolution and edge detection are studied in depth. The system's performance is analysed in the context of these algorithms, and a near optimum speed-up is achieved.
Barrett's esophagus in a teenager with a ringed esophagus.

Sir, We read with interest the article aRinged esophagus (feline esophagus) in childhoodo by Rencken et al. [1]. In this article, the terms aringedo esophagus and afelineo esophagus are used interchangeably. These two entities are in fact distinct. Ringed esophagus describes fixed, transverse folds in the esophagus, which are thought to represent scarring from reflux esophagitis. This appearance was first described by Levine and Goldstein in 1984 [2]. These authors carefully distinguish these wide, fixed transverse folds from the thin transverse striations that may be seen transiently on otherwise normal esophagrams and with a higher incidence in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. These thin striations resemble the folds of the distal esophagus in the cat and have thus been labeled feline esophagus [2±4]. Ringed esophagus, as noted by Rencken et al., is rare in the pediatric population [1, 5]. In all reported cases, the patients presented with an episode of food impaction, with or without other symptoms of esophagitis, such as dysphagia. We recently saw a 16-year-old boy who presented to our emergency department with two episodes of food impaction within 40 days. He had a several-year history of occasional episodes of dysphagia to solids, but was otherwise well. Barium swallow performed on both occasions showed a long circumferential stricture, with fixed, transverse folds (ringed esophagus) at the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of the esophagus (Fig.1). There was also a small sliding hiatal hernia and massive gastroesophageal reflux. At endoscopy, a 6-cm-long stricture was found. This area of narrowing was noted to have circumferential rings that did not collapse with maximal insufflation. The distal esophagus showed severe inflammation with linear longitudinal ulcers. Multiple biopsies showed acute and chronic inflammatory changes and Barrett's esophagus in the distal 4 cm of the esophagus. No areas of adenocarcinoma were identified. It is important to distinguish feline esophagus from ringed esophagus, because, though feline esophagus may be seen in normal patients, ringed esophagus always implies severe esophagitis. The most serious consequence of reflux esophagitis is Barrett's esophagus, which is a precursor of adenocarcinoma. Thus, though ringed esophagus is rare in children, its identification should raise concern for the possibility of Barrett's esophagus and lead to endoscopy with biopsies.
The radial electric field as a measure for field penetration of resonant magnetic perturbations

In this paper we introduce a new indirect method for identifying the radial extent of the stochastic layer due to applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in H-mode plasmas by measuring the spin-up of the plasma near the separatrix. This spin-up is a predicted consequence of enhanced electron loss, due to magnetic stochastization (Kaveeva et al 2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 075003). We find that in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with n = 3 RMPs applied for edge localized mode suppression, the stochastic layer is limited to the outer 5% region in normalized magnetic flux, ΨN. This is in contrast to vacuum modelling predictions where this layer can penetrate up to 20% in ΨN. Theoretical predictions of a stochastic radial electric field, Er component exceed the experimental measurements by about a factor 3 close to the separatrix, suggesting that the outer region of the plasma is weakly stochastic. Linear response calculations with M3D-C1, a resistive two-fluid model, show that in this outer 5% region, plasma response often reduces the resonant magnetic field components by 67% or more in comparison with vacuum calculations. These results for DIII-D are in reasonable agreement with results from the MAST tokamak, where the magnetic field perturbation from vacuum field calculations needed to be reduced by 75% for agreement with experimental measurements of the x-point lobe structures (Kirk et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 255003).
Dynamic performance of the static var control system employing the alternative twelve pulse arrangement

Dynamic performance of a static var compensator (SVC) employing the alternative twelve pulse arrangement is studied in order to investigate the practical usefulness of this new scheme. The power circuit, the control system and their interaction are modelled by digital simulation. Dynamic response of a conventional SVC is simulated for comparison.