cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Melittin enhances amino acid and free fatty acid release from the in vivo cerebral cortex.

The effects of the phospholipase activator melittin on amino acid and free fatty acid release from the rat cerebral cortex were monitored and compared with those of a secretory PLA2, using a cortical cup technique with topical application of these agents in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Melittin (10 μg/ml; 3.5 μM) elicited a rapid increase in the levels of superfusate amino acids; aspartate, glutamate, GABA, glycine, taurine, glutamine, phosphoethanolamine, alanine, serine and the free fatty acids arachidonic, linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. PLA2 (25 μg/ml) also enhanced amino acid efflux but its effects were significantly slower to develop than those of melittin. The results confirm previous indications of an ability of phospholipases to augment extracellular levels of several amino acids, including the excitotoxins glutamate and aspartate, and further implicate phospholipase activation as a significant contributor to cerebral ischemic injury. Melittin has the potential to be a useful tool with which to evaluate the role of phospholipases in ischemia injury.
The surgical management of abdominal pain in the multiple myeloma patient.

Abstract Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma requiring surgical evaluation for abdominal pain. Methods Medical records of patients with myeloma and abdominal pain evaluated by surgery over a period of 18 months were examined. Results Twenty-one patients underwent surgical evaluation, with 23 diagnoses. Neutropenic enterocolitis (n = 5 [22%]) and ileus (n = 4 [17%]) were common diagnoses. Eleven patients (52%) were neutropenic. Peritonitis was noted in only 1 patient. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was either 3 or 4 in most patients (67%). Surgery was performed in 5 patients. The 90-day mortality rate for all patients was 43%, with all deaths secondary to sepsis in patients managed without surgery. Conclusions Patients with myeloma requiring surgical evaluation for abdominal pain have a unique differential diagnosis, with notable findings at presentation including the presence of cytopenia, lack of peritoneal signs, and low performance status.
Quantum control in spinor Bose condensates

Summary form only given. The optical trapping of sodium Bose condensates has opened the possibility to study spinor condensates which have their hyperfine spin as a new degree of freedom. They represent a superfluid system with a vector order parameter. A host of novel phenomena have been predicted. A spinor condensate such as the one realized by Stamper-Kurn et al. involves all three hyperfine states in the lowest energy f=1 manifold and thus poses challenges towards the understanding of the low energy properties and dynamics of such systems. We consider a Bose condensate which contains atoms with three internal spins in a cigar-shaped trap and approximate the wavefunction of the spin state.
A spinning tangent based CAD system for detection of flat lesions in CT colonography

While many computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for CT colonography can detect polypoid lesions at a high sensitivity level, very few are targeted toward detecting flat lesions. Research has shown that flat lesions are more likely to contain carcinoma than polypoid lesions; therefore, it is imperative that they be adequately detected in screenings and examinations. However, current CADe systems systems have a low sensitivity for flat lesions, with a relatively high false-positive (FP) rate. By generating a surface mesh of the colon and spinning a tangent line at each point of the mesh, we have developed a new CADe system for detecting flat lesions. With our system, we detected 82% (23/28) of flat lesions in our dataset with a small number of FPs (4.5 per patient), whereas a modified shape-index-based CADe system detected 68% (19/28) of them with 10 FPs per patient.
Microbial distribution and activity across a water mass frontal zone in the California Current Ecosystem

Ocean fronts with accumulated biomass and organic matter may be significant sites of enhanced microbial activity. We sampled a frontal region (the A-Front) separating oligotrophic and mesotrophic water masses within the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) to assess the influence of frontal hydrography on several microbial parameters. Samples for heterotrophic bacterial, viral and flagellate abundance, dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen, transparent particles and bacterial carbon production were collected at 6 depths from the surface to 100 m with 5‐9 conductivity/temperature/depth casts along a 26-km northerly transect across the front. Relative to adjacent oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters, the frontal transition displayed peaks in the mean estimates of cell-specific bacterial carbon and bulk bacterial production, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen concentrations, and the abundance and size of transparent particles. Bacterial carbon production increased 5-fold northward from oligotrophic waters to the frontal zone, in agreement with an increase in the frequency of dividing cells, but bacterial abundance was lower than at adjacent stations. This may be partially explained by high chlorophyll, elevated virus:bacteria ratios and low nanoflagellate grazer abundance at the front. Our data suggest that CCE fronts can facilitate intense biological transformation and physical transport of organic matter, in sharp contrast to adjacent low productivity waters, and harbor dynamic microbial populations that influence nutrient cycling.
Thermodynamic Properties of Neon for Temperatures from the Triple Point to 700 K at Pressures to 700 MPa

The published experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of neon have been used as the basis for a new thermodynamic property formulation for neon. The new correlation uses a fundamental equation (equation of state) explicit in Helmholtz energy, which provides for the calculation of derived thermodynamic properties by differentiation. The fundamental equation for neon is a subset of a larger comprehensive function which has also been used in developing thermodynamic property formulations for other fluids of cryogenic interest including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and ethylene. In addition, new equations for the vapor pressure, saturated liquid density, and saturated vapor density are presented. The formulation presented here may be used to calculate pressure, density, temperature, enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, and velocity of sound for neon. Summary comparisons of properties calculated with the new formulation for neon with selected experimental data are included to verify the accuracy of the fundamental equation for calculation of thermodynamic properties.
Other Social and Environmental Influences

The factors considered in Chapters 5–7 are usually directed specifically at the creative activity. For example, evaluation is focused on a particular product or response, or a task-specific reward is imposed, or choice on a given task is restricted. As indicated by the writings of creative persons reviewed in Chapter 1, however, even mundane social events that are not directed toward the creative activity can have an important impact on creativity. Charles Dickens, for example, lamented the disruptions of his work environment caused by ordinary social demands: “It is only half-an-hour”— “It is only an afternoon”— “It is only an evening,” people say to me over and over again; but they don’ t know that it is impossible to command one’ s self sometimes to any stipulated and set disposal of five minutes— or that the mere consciousness of an engagement will sometimes worry a whole day. (Allen, 1948, p. 230)
Cognitive Function and White Matter Changes Associated with Renal Transplantation

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a disease with an aging population and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment affecting quality of life, health c
Job Embeddedness of Information Technology Professionals: The Effects of Gender

There is a growing need to meet the demand for information technology (IT) professionals at a time when supply is not only failing to keep pace with the growth in the IT sector, but also as IT work...
Effect of Estrogenic Substances in Lebistes reticulatus (Guppy)

ConclusionEstrogenic hormone feeding, started at birth, caused the suppression of male secondary sex characters and a marked suppression of spermatogenesis in the male guppy.
A Governance Model of Joint Venture Value Creation

Despite the global prevalence of joint ventures (JVs), research has yet to specifically explore the uniqueness of JV governance structures and processes and the impact they have on value creation. ...
The Politics of Race and Educational Disparities in Delaware’s Public Schools:

Delaware has long played a pivotal role in the nation’s struggle to end school segregation and promote educational equality. This article discusses racial disparities in educational achievement and...
Hunting Common Cold Viruses by Some New Methods

nucleic acid combined with protein in an internal coil, and so are called helical viruses. Many of these are myxoviruses, such as influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. They are enveloped in a lipid-containing membrane and so are inactivated by fat solvent like ether. These viruses are now usually detected in the roller tube tissue cultures of monkey or human cells. They can often be detected by a cytopathic effect (figure 1) or by hemadsorption (figure 2). Virtually any of the respiratory viruses may be found in virtually any acute respiratory infectious disease; furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that these viruses cause many of these diseases. That there is a distinction between those 2 statements will be understood. Nevertheless cer-
Does Infarct Size Matter

There is very extensive published data employing clinical parameters, angiographic variables, assessment of left ventricular function, and stress testing to identify patients who are at higher risk for cardiac events after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Myocardial infarct size
Analysis on the Epidemiology of Neonatal Tetanus in Beiliu City from 1999-2006

Objective To find out the epidemiological characteristics of Neonatal Tetanus (NNT) from 1999 to 2006 in Beiliu City And provide scientific bases for preventive and controll strategies to eliminate NNT.Methods Analysis on the surveillance data of NNT in Beiliu city from 1999 to 2006 .Results Altogether 146 cases were Reported from 1999 to 2006 and reported incidence were during 0.67 to 1.39 respectively, it was decreasing gradually year by year.The cases mainly distributed in the transportation inconvenient and the mountainous area and no obvious seasonal peak was seen.There was a higher rate of reported male cases to the female. 94.52% cases were delivered at home and 86.96% delivery were managed by untrained midwifes in home .And all mothers had no definite inoculation history of Tetanus Toxoid (TT).Conclusion The dominant factors contributing to NNT involve old midwifery, lack of TT injection before labor and delivery. It is the measure of elimination NNT to promoting hospital delivery, strengthening training of new midwifery, increasing the TT immunization coverage rate of pregnant women and to improve the NNT surveillance quality.
Reduceing the Non-coordination Collision Prevention Action with the Application of AIS

TheapplicationoftheAIScanreducethenon-coordinationcollisionpreventionactioneffectivelywithitscharacteristicsof:timely showing dynamic state and static state of other ships on the sea. The AIS could have remarkable inter-information, and provide the global awareness of ships. This paper analyzes these characteristics, and discusses the application of AIS.
An Active Power Control Model of Wind Power Generating Unit Suitable for Medium- and Long-Term Dynamic Simulation of Power Grid

Along with large-scale grin-connection of wind farms, power dispatching department put forward a higher requirement on the active power control of the wind turbine and its participation in frequency regulation and peak load regulation. In allusion to the situation that wind turbines can only participate in automatic generation control(AGC) in the form of qualitative analysis due to nonexistence of the wind turbine model for the simulation of dynamic process in minutes level, an active power control model of wind turbine, which is suitable for medium- and long-term dynamic simulation, is proposed and its programming has been accomplished in the power grid whole process simulation program. In the proposed wind turbine model the continuous fluctuation of wind speed, the scheduled output and the real-time control commands of AGC are taken as the input, and by means of adjusting the pitch angle the power output of wind turbine is adjusted. The proposed wind turbine model can be used to simulate the impact of wind turbine output fluctuation on power grid, and the process of wind turbine participating the regulation and control of AGC can be dynamically simulated. Case study results show that the proposed wind turbine model can be used to simulate the response of wind power generating units under the control and regulation commands of AGC.
Predicting Fluidization and Expansion of Filter Media

Granular media filtration is of growing importance in both water and wastewater treatment. A variety of filter media are being adopted for some filters. The common filter materials (sand, anthracite, garnet, illmenite) are all angular in shape. Some have low sphericity (very angular) while others have high sphericity. The sphericity of the material greatly influences the fluidization behavior of the media. It influences the fixed bed head loss, the minimum fluidization velocity, and the expansion of the media as a function of upflow rate. All of these are important design aspects in backwashing of filters. The physical properties of the several common filter materials are presented, including the sphericity, density and porosity. The Wen and Yu equation is adequate for predicting minimum fluidization velocity for all of the filter media studied. A new model for predicting expansion of filter media is presented which includes the sphericity or dynamic shape factor of the filter media as explicit variables.
Improving the quality and safety of care at loyola university health system.

The Center for Clinical Effectiveness at Loyola University Health System has taken steps to decrease medical errors and ensure patient safety. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Online Dual Decomposition for Performance and Delivery-Based Distributed Ad Allocation

Online optimization is central to display advertising, where we must sequentially allocate ad impressions to maximize the total welfare among advertisers, while respecting various advertiser-specified long-term constraints (e.g., total amount of the ad's budget that is consumed at the end of the campaign). In this paper, we present the online dual decomposition (ODD) framework for large-scale, online, distributed ad allocation, which combines dual decomposition and online convex optimization. ODD allows us to account for the distributed and the online nature of the ad allocation problem and is extensible to a variety of ad allocation problems arising in real-world display advertising systems. Moreover, ODD does not require assumptions about auction dynamics, stochastic or adversarial feedback, or any other characteristics of the ad marketplace. We further provide guarantees for the online solution as measured by bounds on cumulative regret. The regret analysis accounts for the impact of having to estimate constraints in an online setting before they are observed and for the dependence on the smoothness with which constraints and constraint violations are generated. We provide an extensive set of results from a large-scale production advertising system at Amazon to validate the framework and compare its behavior to various ad allocation algorithms.
HERCULE: attack story reconstruction via community discovery on correlated log graph

Advanced cyber attacks consist of multiple stages aimed at being stealthy and elusive. Such attack patterns leave their footprints spatio-temporally dispersed across many different logs in victim machines. However, existing log-mining intrusion analysis systems typically target only a single type of log to discover evidence of an attack and therefore fail to exploit fundamental inter-log connections. The output of such single-log analysis can hardly reveal the complete attack story for complex, multi-stage attacks. Additionally, some existing approaches require heavyweight system instrumentation, which makes them impractical to deploy in real production environments. To address these problems, we present HERCULE, an automated multi-stage log-based intrusion analysis system. Inspired by graph analytics research in social network analysis, we model multi-stage intrusion analysis as a community discovery problem. HERCULE builds multi-dimensional weighted graphs by correlating log entries across multiple lightweight logs that are readily available on commodity systems. From these, HERCULE discovers any "attack communities" embedded within the graphs. Our evaluation with 15 well known APT attack families demonstrates that HERCULE can reconstruct attack behaviors from a spectrum of cyber attacks that involve multiple stages with high accuracy and low false positive rates.
Modeling and analysis of landscape evolution using airborne, terrestrial, and laboratory laser scanning

Current laser scanning (Lidar, light detection and ranging) technologies span a wide range of survey extent and resolutions, from regional airborne Lidar mapping and terrestrial Lidar field surveys to laboratory systems utilizing indoor three-dimensional (3D) laser scanners. Proliferation in Lidar technology and data collection enables new approaches for monitoring and analysis of landscape evolution. For example, repeat Lidar surveys that generate a time series of point cloud data provide an opportunity to transition from traditional, static representations of topography to terrain abstraction as a 3D dynamic layer. Three case studies are presented to illustrate novel techniques for landscape evolution analysis based on time series of Lidar data: (1) application of multiyear airborne Lidar surveys to a study of a dynamic coastal region, where the change is driven by eolian sediment transport, wave-induced beach erosion, and human intervention; (2) monitoring of vegetation growth and the impact of landscape structure on overland flow in an agricultural field using terrestrial laser scanning; and (3) investigation of landscape design impacts on overland water flow and other physical processes using a tangible geospatial modeling system. The presented studies demonstrate new insights into landscape evolution in different environments that can be gained from Lidar scanning spanning 1.0–0.001 m resolutions with geographic information system analysis capabilities.
Factors Associated with Routine Recommendation of Mammography for Women Aged 40-49: Provider Characteristics and Screening Influences

Objectives Despite the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against screening mammography in women younger than 50 years, rates remain high, suggesting that screening recommendations may be motivated by other factors. The objective of this study was to understand provider-reported influences on screening recommendations for women 40 to 49 years old at average risk for breast cancer. Methods An online survey of primary care providers was conducted at four health centers in Cleveland, Ohio in 2015. Provider-reported routine recommendation of mammography for women aged 40 to 49 at average risk for breast cancer was the primary outcome. The independent measures included influence of electronic health records, national guidelines, institutional policy, patient preferences, concerns about overtreatment, concerns about false-positives, and interest in early detection on screening recommendations. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds of recommending screening by potential influences, controlling for provider characteristics and provider-assessed balance of harms and benefits of screening in this age group. Results Of 612 providers invited, 220 completed the survey (response rate 36%); 69% routinely recommended screening and 24% believed that the harms of screening in younger women outweighed the benefits. Being influenced by institutional policy was associated with higher odds of recommending screening (odds ratio [OR] 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-12.9), as was interest in early detection (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.31-12.9). Conversely, strong influence of national guidelines was associated with a lower odds of recommending screening (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.71). The influence of patient preferences was not associated with screening recommendation. Conclusions Providers face competing influences on screening recommendations for younger patients, some of which may be at odds with their beliefs. Institutional policy change allowing individually tailored screening discussions may improve patient-centered care.
Albuminuria in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations With Rheumatoid Arthritis Characteristics and Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

Objective Albuminuria is a marker for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. It is uncertain whether this association is present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a population with increased atherosclerosis and CVD events. Methods Urine albumin from a spot morning collection was measured, and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) was calculated for RA patients and a population-based sample of demographically matched non-RA controls. Associations of elevated uACR (≥25 mg/gm for women and ≥17 mg/gm for men) with CVD risk factors and measures of atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification, ultrasound-determined maximal intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery [ICA], and the presence of focal plaque in the ICA) were compared cross-sectionally according to RA status. Results We compared 196 RA patients with 271 non-RA controls. Elevated uACR was found in 18% of the RA patients compared with 17% of the controls (P = 0.89). After adjustment, RA was associated with 57% lower odds of elevated uACR (P = 0.016). Higher serum creatinine levels and hypertension were both strongly and significantly associated with elevated uACR in the control group but not in the RA group (both P for interaction < 0.05). Among RA characteristics, the adjusted prevalence of elevated uACR among those treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors was less than half that among those not so treated (9% versus 20%, respectively; P = 0.047). Conclusion There was no association in the RA group of elevated uACR with measures of atherosclerosis or with several key cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests a lower usefulness of elevated uACR as an indicator of subclinical CVD in RA.
Promoting Compliance in an Evolving Climate Regime: The role of non-state actors in climate compliance

This chapter examines the role of non-state actors in promoting compliance with climate change instruments and finds that their contribution has been substantial. Non-state actors are proven enforcers – sometimes more effective than states. Climate cases brought by non-state actors to non-climate institutions help to demonstrate this point, and effective mechanisms for non-state access to compliance are modeled within multilateral environmental agreements ranging from Aarhus to NAFTA. The author argues that the role of non-state actors should be expanded as climate change frameworks evolve and compliance mechanisms are strengthened. Leaving the public without standing within formal enforcement mechanisms misses a critical opportunity to promote compliance.
Mindfulness As Metacognitive Practice

The dangers of mindless behaviors remain better defined than their remedies. Even as mindfulness becomes increasingly prevalent, we lack clarity on three key questions: What is mindfulness? How doe...
The Effect of Pulse Shaping QPSK on Bandwidth Efficiency

This research investigates the effect of pulse shaping QPSK on bandwidth efficiency over a non-linear channel. This investigation will include software simulations and the hardware implementation. Three kinds of filters: the 5th order Butterworth filter, the 3rd order Bessel filter and the Square Root Raised Cosine filter with a roll off factor (alpha) of 0.25,0.5 and 1, have been investigated as pulse shaping filters. Two different high power amplifiers, one a Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) and the other a Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) have been investigated in the hardware implementation. A significant improvement in the bandwidth utilization (rho) for the filtered data compared to unfiltered data through the non-linear channel is shown in the results. This method promises strong performance gains in a bandlimited channel when compared to unfiltered systems. This work was conducted at NMSU in the Center for Space Telemetering, and Telecommunications Systems in the Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and is supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NAG5-1491.
GPSonflow: Geographic Positioning of Storage for Optimal Nice Flow

This article evaluates the maximum data flow from a sender to a receiver via the internet when all transmissions are scheduled for early morning hours. The significance of early morning hours is that internet congestion is low while users sleep. When the sender and receiver lie in proximal time zones, a direct transmission from sender to receiver can be scheduled for early morning hours. When the sender and receiver are separated by several time zones such that their sleep times are non-overlapping, data can still be transmitted during early morning hours with an indirect store-and-forward transfer. The data are transmitted from the sender to intermediate end networks or data centers that serve as storage hops en route to receiver. The storage hops are placed in zones that are time proximal to the sender or the receiver so that all transmissions to and from storage hops occur during low-congestion early morning hours. This article finds the optimal locations and bandwidth distributions of storage hops for maximum nice internet flow from a sender to a receiver.
Do We Aim at What We Pay for?: Proficiency Expectations and Educational Resources

Since the enactment of No Child Left Behind, states have been required to adopt yearly standards-based assessments. Many analysts have noted, however, that not only are the standards states have adopted vary significantly, but that the scores that states use to determine whether a student is "proficient" in reading or math vary significantly as well. This paper examines the relationship between the cut scores states use to ascertain student proficiency and the resources made available to students. Utilizing standard OLS regression the paper argues that states that have higher current instructional expenditures (controlling for regional labor costs) have higher definitions of proficiency, at least for 8th grade reading. The paper utilizes a “NAEP-equivalent” proficiency cut score to make state cut scores comparable and draws demographic and spending data from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) Common Core of Data. The findings show a strong relationship for 8th grade, but a much weaker relationship for 4th grade. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this finding for the recent effort to adopt a Common Core of State Standards.
Contracts with Local Traders in West Bengal

In West Bengal, where marketing reforms are yet to be formally legislated, there are signs of changes. This chapter studies a case which is only marginally differentiated from conventional contracting practices, gives space to new unorganized traders to step in and provides additional options to farmers, but efficiency gain is questionable.
Recessive familial erythrocytosis: aspects of marrow regulation in two families.

Studies of marrow regulation were carried out in two families with recessively expressed erythrocytosis. The erythrocytosis in the affected individuals was associated with increased erythropoietin (ESF) production. However, hormone production was uninfluenced by alterations in the O2 carrying capacity of the blood when the hematocrit was lowered acutely by phlebotomy. Hemoglobin and red cell function (p50; 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate) in the affected, as well as the unaffected, family members were normal. Renal arteriography revealed no mass lesions and no anatomic abnormalities of the renal macro- or microvasculature. Antisera capable of neutralizing the biological activity of normal human ESF completely inhibited the erythropoietic activity in the serum and urine of those studied. Since increased production of ESF occurred in the absence of recognizable physiologic requirements and since the normal reciprocal relationship between O2 delivery and hormone production was absent, the most likely explanation for this clinical constellation is a cellular defect in the regulation of production of ESF or of its precursor substances.
The Internationalization of Faculty Academic Freedom: Looking Toward 2025

The continuing trend toward commercialization of higher education, and the continuing trend toward globalization, have spawned various new types of challenges for academic freedom. These challenges, like their more traditional predecessors, may implicate both the professional (or customary) concepts and the legal concepts of academic freedom; and may implicate the institution’s own interests in academic freedom (or institutional autonomy), as well as the separate and sometimes inconsistent academic freedom interests of faculty members and students. Moreover, unlike more traditional issues, the new types of challenges may arise in an international context rather than a domestic context. There are important differences between “international” and “domestic” academic freedom issues. Although international academic freedom issues may arise in a single country, as domestic issues do, the former will have implications for other countries as well. In these trans-border situations, for example, the central government, a state or regional government, an educational association, or higher educational institution (HEI) in one country (say, Country A) may take action that limits the freedom of faculty members or students from other countries to teach, study, or do research in Country A. Conversely, the central government, a state or regional government, an educational association, or an HEI in one country may take action that limits the freedom of that country’s faculty members or students to teach, study, or do research in other countries.The disputes that have arisen thus far in this broader context suggest a need to consider the laws of the countries involved, international agreements, diplomatic relationships, the statements and recommendations of international governmental bodies and non-governmental working groups, the statements and practices of domestic and international academic (and academic labor) organizations, and the customs and practices of individual HEI’s, in developing a more global perspective on academic freedom, Moreover, such disputes suggest a need to examine whether there are, or can be, international norms of academic freedom that supplement the more traditional national and institutional norms.This paper explores emerging concepts of international or trans-border academic freedom by providing paradigms and examples of disputes, examining sources and potential sources of international academic freedom norms, examining the role of courts in resolving international academic freedom disputes, and suggesting next steps for future research. The primary real-life examples used for illustration are U.S. cases about governmental restrictions on international travel for academic purposes.
On the Evolution of Density-Regulating Behavior

Behavior that influences animal dispersion affects both the survival and reproduction of individuals and the dynamics of entire populations. In this chapter, I consider, from the perspective of individual selection, the evolution of behavior that directly influences dispersion. I present an evolutionarily stable strategy for nest site selection and discuss how nest site selection influences population dynamics and geographic range. I also discuss the evolution of resource assessment and consider its role in overwinter survival. I show that an ability to assess relative resource availability in relationship to population density may benefit individuals, though such ability, when widespread, may destabilize population dynamics, leading to population cycles, or even population extinction. I also present an idealized model of how social dominance in concert with resource assessment might stabilize population dynamics and maximize overwinter survival probability. Finally, I reconsider Wynne Edwards’s contention that social conventions play an important role in the regulation of some animal species. I argue that epideictic displays and social conventions may benefit all participants and therefore may be explained by individual selection.
A severe case of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) meningoencephalitis in an otherwise healthy immunocompetent 2 month old male. (P5.138)

Objective: To report a case of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) meningoencephalitis in an otherwise healthy, immunocompetent 2 month old male with severe complications of ischemic stroke, seizures, and diffuse cystic encephalomalacia. Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe illness in immunocompromised individuals and those infected congenitally. In the vast majority of immunocompetent patients, CMV infection is asymptomatic or associated with a mononucleosis-like illness, due to a cell mediated immune response. We present a unusually severe case of CMV meningoencephalitis in an otherwise healthy, immunocompetent infant complicated by central line associated thrombosis, global diffusion restriction, ischemic stroke, seizures, cerebral volume loss, and cystic encephalomalacia. A previously healthy 2-month-old male presented with fever and seizures. CSF studies, head CT, and brain MRI were normal on admission. After a clinical decline on day 2 of admission a repeat head CT showed loss of gray-white matter differentiation. A repeat brain MRI on day 5 revealed diffuse restricted diffusion on diffuse weighted imaging, acute infarction of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory, and left frontoparietal cortex FLAIR hyperintensity favored to represent cortical necrosis versus focal leptomenigeal enhancement. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review Results: A repeat LP was performed on day 5 and showed a total nucleated cell count of 42 cells/mm^3 with 39% lymphocytes and 61% monocytes, glucose 52 mg/dL. A viral panel was sent on the CSF sample later on Day 11 of hospitalization. This PCR panel was positive for CMV. Serum quantitative CMV PCR was positive with 2,510 IU/ml. He began 2 weeks of IV ganciclovir and then 6 months of oral valganciclovir for viral suppression therapy. The patient showed clinical improvement, although repeat imaging found cystic encephalomalacia with diffuse cerebral volume loss, indicating a high likelihood of severe long-term neurological dysfunction. Conclusions: CMV should be considered as an etiology for viral meningoencephalitis even in immunocompetent patients. Disclosure: Dr. Gervelis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singhal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Christenson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conrad has nothing to disclose.
High Heat Flux Boiling Heat Transfer Through Nanoporous Membranes

Boiling heat transfer utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of a liquid to dissipate high heat flux and has been used for thermal management of high power electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, there are drawbacks in traditional boiling configurations: in pool boiling, the critical heat flux (CHF), typically no higher than 200 W/cm2, is insufficient to meet the stringent demand of high power devices; flow boiling in microchannels could achieve higher heat flux, but are often accompanied with flow instabilities, causing temperature and pressure fluctuations that are detrimental to the device performance. Here, we demonstrate a new boiling heat transfer mechanism: thin film boiling on nanoporous membranes, in which the working principle is different from either the flow boiling or the pool boiling. We achieved a stable boiling regime with a high CHF close to 690 W/cm2, which is significantly higher than that in pool boiling. Our study provides a new approach for achieving stable high heat flux boiling heat transfer.
Validation of Two-Way Coupled Air-Sea Model Stress and Currents Through Remotely Sensed Winds and SST

The parameterization of surface stress in two-way coupled models, where changes in the ocean impact the atmosphere and vice versa, has been extremely difficult to verify. Prior to this work, it has been unclear what physical considerations where required in stress parameterization. Considering ocean currents in simple stress parameterizations has been found to cause unrealistically low production of oceanic eddy kinetic energy. Herein we show that also considering the dependency on sea state appears to resolve this problem. We also show that the relationship between ocean surface stress and the sea surface temperature gradient in western boundary currents is highly sensitive to the physics considered in this parameterization and to the surface current. Therefore it is possible to utilize remotely sensed winds and sea surface temperature evaluate the realism of the surface stress and currents in the coupled model.
Experimental evaluation of a semi-open membrane-based absorption heat pump system utilizing ionic liquids

Abstract While the use of energy efficient absorption heat pumps has been typically limited to the high capacity commercial and industrial applications, the use of a semi-open absorption heat pump for water heating has been demonstrated to be an energy efficient alternative for residential scale applications. A semi-open absorption system uses ambient water vapor as the refrigerant in the absorber where its heat of phase change is transferred to the process water, cooling the solution in the absorber. The solution is pumped to the desorber, where by adding heat, the water vapor is released from the solution and condensed in the condenser. The heat of phase change of water vapor is transferred to process water again in the condenser. This cycle when implemented with a membrane-based absorber in a plate and frame form of heat exchanger using ionic liquids can overcome the challenges related to the system architecture of conventional absorption heat pumps like the lower efficiency at small scale, crystallization/corrosion issues with the desiccants and the high cost of hermetically sealed components. The cycle COP for such a system was previously demonstrated by Chugh et al. for high humidity conditions. In this experimental study, design improvements were made that expand the system’s applicability to more practical and standardized test conditions. With these improvements, the performance of the system was evaluated. The results presented in this study demonstrate the improved system’s viability as a heat pump water heater conforming to standard water heater test conditions. Performance was measured at a cycle thermal COP of 1.2 with a hot water delivery water temperature of 56 °C and ambient air at 19 °C and 49% RH.
Rh(II)-Catalyzed Nitrene-Transfer [5 + 1] Cycloadditions of Aryl-Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes.

Formal [5 + 1] cycloadditions between aryl-substituted vinylcyclopropanes and nitrenoid precursors are reported. The method, which employs Rh2(esp)2 as a catalyst, leads to the highly regioselectiv...
Cerebro: Efficient and Reproducible Model Selection on Deep Learning Systems

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are revolutionizing many machine learning (ML) applications. But there is a major bottleneck to wider adoption: the pain of model selection. This empirical process involves exploring the ANN architecture and hyper-parameters, often requiring hundreds of trials. Alas, most ML systems focus on training one model at a time, reducing throughput and raising costs; some also sacrifice reproducibility. We present our vision of Cerebro, a system to raise ANN model selection throughput at scale and ensure reproducibility. Cerebro uses a novel parallel execution strategy we call model hopper parallelism. We discuss the research questions in building Cerebro and present promising initial empirical results.
8‑plex LC–MS/MS Analysis of Permethylated N ‑Glycans Achieved by Using Stable Isotopic Iodomethane

Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins. Many diseases, such as cancer, have proved to be related to aberrant glycosylation. High throughput quantitative methods have gained attention recently in the study of glycomics. With the development of high-resolution mass spectrometry, the sensitivity of detection in glycomics has largely improved; however, most of the commonly used MS-based techniques are focused on relative quantitative analysis, which can hardly provide direct comparative glycomic quantitation results. In this study, we developed a novel multiplex glycomic analysis method on an LC-ESI-MS platform. Reduced glycans were stable isotopic labeled during the permethylation procedure, with the use of iodomethane reagents CH2DI, CHD2I, CD3I, 13CH3I, 13CH2DI, 13CHD2I, 13CD3I, and CH3I. Up to 8-plex glycomic profiling was possible in a single analysis by LC-MS, and a 100 k mass resolution was sufficient to allow a baseline resolution of the mass differences among the 8-plex labeled glycans. The major advantages of this method are that it overcomes quantitative fluctuations caused by nanoESI, it facilitates a level of comparative quantitative glycomic analysis that accurately reflects the quantitative information in samples, and it dramatically shortens analysis time. Quantitation validation was tested on glycans released from bovine fetuin and model glycoprotein mixtures (RNase B, bovine fetuin, and IgG) with good linearity (R2 = 0.9884) and a dynamic range from 0.1 to 10. The 8-plex strategy was successfully applied to a comparative glycomic study of cancer cell lines. The results demonstrate that different distributions of sialylated glycans are related to the metastatic properties of cell lines and provide important clues for a better understanding of breast cancer brain metastasis.
Housing Policy Innovation to Integrate Environmental Sustainability with Economic Development

In the year 2017, about 89% of the total energy consumed in the US was produced using non-renewable energy sources and about 44% of tenant households were cost burdened. There is currently limited research on holistic approaches to housing policy that integrate housing affordability and environmental considerations. The objective of the current study is to utilize data and empirical analyses to explain green building policy content, adoption, and determinants in the context of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program. We employ 2010–2016 data to test a conceptual model of state innovative capacity and explore the magnitude of associations between state characteristics and the incorporation of green building incentives into the LIHTC program in 50 US states. With a clear focus on savings from increased energy-efficiency, states increasingly adopted green building incentives between 2006–2010 but lost the initial momentum and started to fluctuate since 2010. The magnitude of governments’ financial resources, a holistic approach to green building, and citizens’ liberal ideology are among the strongest correlates of adoption controlling for income and population. To shift toward a sustainable future, policymakers should take a holistic, steady, and evolutionary approach to green building with an emphasis on simultaneous diversification, decentralization, and decarbonization of energy generation and seek complementary policies that raise the cost of carbon-intensive technologies in affordable housing. To facilitate the integration of green building with affordable housing policy, researchers should explore innovations in the policy process and measure the effectiveness of green building policies.
Assessing the Impact of Off-grid Solar Electrification in Rural Peru:

In rural communities throughout the developing world, lack of access to electricity can have far-reaching impacts. Students are often unable to study after sunset for want of adequate lighting; access to technology is limited or nonexistent for lack of power to charge devices. For one off-grid community in rural Peru, this was not a satisfactory situation, and they approached Engineers Without Borders-USA (EWB-USA) to work on a solution. Ultimately, after careful assessment and an enlightening false start, the Walla Walla University chapter of EWB-USA (EWB-WWU), in partnership with the community of Japura, designed and implemented standalone solar photovoltaic systems to electrify the community. The outline of this process is discussed in this article. A monitoring trip over a year after implementation allowed insight into the project’s health and sustainability and also taught the team lessons about training, communication, socioeconomic impact, and community empowerment. This assessment and the resulting lessons are the focus of this article.
Beer, Queenship at the Renaissance Courts of Britain: Catherine of Aragon and Margaret Tudor, 1503–1533 (The Boydell Press, 2018)

Review of Michelle L. Beer, Queenship at the Renaissance Courts of Britain: Catherine of Aragon and Margaret Tudor, 1503–1533 (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2018).
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in melanocyte pigmentation and melanomagenesis

The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous functions in both benign melanocytes and melanoma cells. cAMP is generated from two distinct sources, transmembrane and soluble adenylyl cyclases (tmAC and sAC, respectively), and is degraded by a family of proteins called phosphodiesterases (PDEs). cAMP signaling can be regulated in many different ways and can lead to varied effects in melanocytes. It was recently revealed that distinct cAMP signaling pathways regulate pigmentation by either altering pigment gene expression or the pH of melanosomes. In the context of melanoma, many studies report seemingly contradictory roles for cAMP in tumorigenesis. For example, cAMP signaling has been implicated in both cancer promotion and suppression, as well as both therapy resistance and sensitization. This conundrum in the field may be explained by the fact that cAMP signals in discrete microdomains and each microdomain can mediate differential cellular functions. Here, we review the role of cAMP signaling microdomains in benign melanocyte biology, focusing on pigmentation, and in melanomagenesis.
Synthesis of Benzylureas and Related Amine Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Carboamination of Styrenes.

A direct assembly of secondary benzylureas and related amine derivatives via copper-catalyzed carboamination of styrenes with potassium alkyltrifluoroborates and ureas, anilines, or an amide is rep...