cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of corporate structure on the value of banks: A theoretical approach

Many large banks, such as Citigroup, have complex organisational structures with dozens, if not hundreds, of separately incorporated divisions. The authors show how banks can enhance their shareholder value by incorporating their divisions separately. The traditional theory of the firm does not consider multi-division banks, or the fact that one or more of those divisions may have negative values. They use option theory to demonstrate the value of limited liability in a multi-division bank and show that managers can create shareholder value through legal/organisational structure design.
Effects of carbon monoxide exposure in patients with documented cardiac arrhythmias.

Abstract Objective. This study was designed to determine whether carbon monoxide has proarrhythmic effects at rest and during upright exercise in patients with myocardial ischemia and moderate baseline ectopic activity. Background. Exposure of patients with documented myocardial ischemia to low levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) alters the myocardial response to exercise. Anecdotal reports from patients with myocardial ischemia have noted the development of arrhythmias related to carbon monoxide exposure. Increased frequency of arrhythmias related to carbon monoxide exposure in patients performing supine bicycle exercise has been recently reported. Methods. Twenty-eight nonsmoking men and five nonsmoking women with documented coronary artery disease and a minlmum of 30 ventricular ectopic beats/h over a 20-h period were studied. Subjects were exposed in a randomized double-blind fashion to either room air or sufficient carbon monoxide to elevate their COHb concentration to 3% or 5% in 1 h, followed by a maintenance exposure to carbon monoxide, The subjects then left the laboratory and resumed their normal daily activity to determine changes in ventricular ectopic beats after carbon monoxide exposure. Results. There was no significant change in the frequency of single ventricular ectopic beats at rest from 115 ± 28 (in room air) to 121 ± 31 at 3% COHb to 94 ± 23 at 5% COHb. Exercise itself Increased the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats, but there was no additional effect of carbon monoxide exposure on the exerciseinduced increase in isolated ectopic beats or complex ectopic waveforms. Analysis of the data based on grouping of the subjects by the severity of disease (ventricular ectopic beat frequency, ejection fraction, presence of exercise-induced ischemia) indicated no proarrhythmic effect of carbon monoxide. Conclusions. In patients with frequent ventricular ectopic activity (≥30 ectopic beats/h), exposure to carbon monoxide producing either 3% or 5% COHb does not increase arrhythmia frequency of single or multiple beats during rest or exercise.
Tetranuclear copper(I) iodide complexes of chelating bis(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) ligands: structural characterization and solid state photoluminescence.

A series of tetranuclear Cu4I4(Ln)2 clusters (1−3) supported by the chelating 4,4′-(4,5-diX-1,2-phenylene)bis(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) ligands (L1, X = H; L2, X = CH3; L3, X = F) have been prepared. Crystal structure determinations have shown that the clusters adopt a distorted “step-type” geometry in which the triazole ligands exhibit both chelating and bridging coordination modes to Cu(I) ions. When L3 was employed in a 3:2 CuI/L3 ratio, a crystalline product, 4, was obtained. Product 4 is actually a 1:1 cocrystallization of the tetranuclear cluster 3 (denoted 4a) and the dinuclear Cu2I2(L3)2 complex (4b). X-ray structures of 1, 2, and 4 show the presence of close Cu···Cu contacts in the tetranuclear and dinuclear forms. 1H NMR experiments indicate that rapid exchange occurs in these systems. All clusters are brightly luminescent in the solid state at 77 K and at room temperature with λmax = 495−524 nm. Emission intensity decays fit a single exponential with lifetimes on the order of 10 to 35 microse...
Point-of-care ultrasound diagnosis of SCFE

A 13-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with left knee pain after a fall. Initial radiographs were unremarkable, but the child returned to the emergency department 6 weeks later with persistent symptoms. A bedside sonogram of the left hip performed by the treating emergency physician demonstrated a widened epiphyseal plate and an associated effusion, consisted with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Repeat radiographs confirmed the diagnosis. The ultrasound features and test characteristics for the detection of SCFE are reviewed.
Trace metal concentrations in menhaden larvae Brevoortia patronus from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Whole body concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were measured in individual gulf menhaden larvae, Brevoortia patronus (11–18 mm standard length) from coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico as part of a continuing project investigating the mechanisms of biological interaction and effect of trace metals in marine food webs. Larvae were collected at three different times between February 1981 and 1982 at two locations, offshore of Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River and offshore of Galveston, Texas. Fish at the Mississippi location had significantly (P≤0·05) greater concentrations of all metals compared with those from the Galveston location. No significant (P>0·05) differences in concentration were detected among the three sampling periods. Menhaden larvae had metal conentrations comparabe to other species of larval fish and zooplankton from the Gulf of Mexico and other coastal waters. Differences in metal concentrations in larvae from the two locations appear to be a subtle response of the fish to differences in the trace metal chemistries of the two coastal areas. Processes influencing metal concentrations are discussed.
PROGRAMMING “LOOSE TRAINING” AS A STRATEGY TO FACILITATE LANGUAGE GENERALIZATION

This study investigated the generalization of spontaneous complex language behavior across a nontraining setting and the durability of generalization as a result of programming and "loose training" strategy. A within-subject, across-behaviors multiple-baseline design was used to examine the performance of two moderately retarded students in the use of is/are across three syntactic structures (i.e., "wh" questions, "yes/no" reversal questions, and statements). The language training procedure used in this study represented a functional example of programming "loose training." The procedure involved conducting concurrent language training within the context of an academic training task, and establishing a functional reduction in stimulus control by permitting the student to initiate a language response based on a wide array of naturally occurring stimulus events. Concurrent probes were conducted in the free play setting to assess the immediate generalization and the durability of the language behaviors. The results demonstrated that "loose training" was effective in establishing a specific set of language responses with the participants of this investigation. Further, both students demonstrated spontaneous use of the language behavior in the free play generalization setting and a trend was clearly evident for generalization to continue across time. Thus, the methods used appear to be successful for training the use of is/are in three syntactic structures.
Electrical breakdown in a two-layer dielectric in the MOS structure

The formation of interfacial oxide between high-k and Si creates a two-layer dielectric in the MOS structure. In this paper, we present a model to describe electrical breakdown in the two-layer dielectric. Depending on the thickness ratio of the two dielectric layers, electrical breakdown can occur either in one dielectric after the other or simultaneously. In the case of one-by-one breakdown, the current through the two-layer dielectric shows three regimes with applied voltage: tunneling through two layers, tunneling through one layer, and breakdown for both layers. Our model has been compared with experimental data obtained from the HfOx/SiO2 MOS structure, and a good agreement is achieved. This model can be used to estimate either the thickness, breakdown field, or dielectric constant of each of the two dielectric layers. It can also predict the overall breakdown voltage for different combinations of dielectric layers. When combined with C-V measurements, more information about the two-layer dielectric is obtained.
Sex Differences in Function of a Pheromonally Stimulated Pathway: Role of Steroids and the Main Olfactory System

Exposure to the pheromones contained in female hamster vaginal secretions (FHVS) produces stereotypic, sex-specific behaviors in Syrian hamsters. Using Fos as a marker of neuronal stimulation we have found that (1) FHVS stimulates neurons in the posterior subdivision of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeP), the posterior medial subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpm), and the magnocellular subdivision of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN mag); (2) this stimulation is mediated by the main olfactory system; (3) stimulation of the MPN mag is regulated by testosterone in males; (4) stimulation of the BNSTpm and MeP is regulated by testosterone in females; and (5) FHVS does not induce Fos production in the MPN mag in females regardless of the hormonal state. These results support the hypothesis that the main olfactory system plays an important role in the regulation of pheromonally driven behaviors, identifies functional sex differences in pathways that regulate these behaviors, and emphasizes the different roles of the BNSTpm, MeP, and MPN mag in the regulation of male copulatory behavior.
Duo rings and Ore extensions

Abstract We show that in an Ore polynomial ring, every left ideal is two-sided only in the trivial commutative case. It is unknown whether the analogous statement about right ideals is true. We establish a variety of restrictions on any putative counterexample.
The Role of Psychological Factors in Cancer Onset and Progression

Psychological factors have been presumed to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. This article critically reviews the literature on cancer and its potential connections to affective states, coping/defensive styles and personality traits, behaviors, and stressful life events. Much of the existing research is flawed by poor study design and analysis that have limited the reliability and validity of both negative and positive studies. While some psychological factors can be associated with cancer onset and progression, no direct links have been established. Recent studies have documented some medical and psychosocial benefits of psychotherapeutic intervention in patients with cancer.
A new method for the simulation of alloys: Application to interfacial segregation

Abstract We present a new, accurate method for determining the properties of defects in alloys at finite temperature, including equilibrium segregation. This method is based upon a point approximation for the configurational entropy, an Einstein model for vibrational contributions to the free energy and may be employed with any type of description of atomic interactions. The atomic structure, segregation and thermodynamics of a defect in an alloy is determined by minimizing the free energy with respect to atomic coordinates and composition of each site at constant chemical potential. In order to test the accuracy of this approach, we compare our results with accurate Monte Carlo determinations. Overall, very good agreement for segregation to free surfaces and grain boundaries in CuNi alloys is obtained. One of the main advantages this new method enjoys over other methods such as Monte Carlo, is the efficiency with which the atomic structure of a defect, segregation and thermodynamic properties can be determined. This efficiency is obtained in the framework of a very straightforward method and with little loss in accuracy.
Approximate number word knowledge before the cardinal principle.

Abstract Approximate number word knowledge—understanding the relation between the count words and the approximate magnitudes of sets—is a critical piece of knowledge that predicts later math achievement. However, researchers disagree about when children first show evidence of approximate number word knowledge—before, or only after, they have learned the cardinal principle. In two studies, children who had not yet learned the cardinal principle (subset-knowers) produced sets in response to number words (verbal comprehension task) and produced number words in response to set sizes (verbal production task). As evidence of approximate number word knowledge, we examined whether children’s numerical responses increased with increasing numerosity of the stimulus. In Study 1, subset-knowers (ages 3.0–4.2 years) showed approximate number word knowledge above their knower-level on both tasks, but this effect did not extend to numbers above 4. In Study 2, we collected data from a broader age range of subset-knowers (ages 3.1–5.6 years). In this sample, children showed approximate number word knowledge on the verbal production task even when only examining set sizes above 4. Across studies, children’s age predicted approximate number word knowledge (above 4) on the verbal production task when controlling for their knower-level, study (1 or 2), and parents’ education, none of which predicted approximation ability. Thus, children can develop approximate knowledge of number words up to 10 before learning the cardinal principle. Furthermore, approximate number word knowledge increases with age and might not be closely related to the development of exact number word knowledge.
Impurity states in a disordered insulator: The Lloyd model

We have calculated the density of states for an exactly soluble model of a charged impurity in a disordered insulator. We find that the states associated with the impurity have the same mean energy as those found in the corresponding crystal, but have a spread in energies determined by the degree of the disorder. These results are compared favorably to results previously obtained for a more realistic model representing charged impurities in $a$-Si. The results also shed some light on the general nature of the localized states in the gap of an amorphous semiconductor.
Protective Effect of Galanin on Behavioral Deficits in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

ABSTRACT The magnitude of behavioral deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be partly related to alterations in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release. Previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular excitatory neurotransmitter concentrations dramatically increase following experimental TBI. We examined the effects of a neuromodulatory peptide, galanin (GAL), on behavioral morbidity, as measured by sensory motor and memory performance tasks, associated with experimental TBI in the rat. A single intraventricular injection of GAL (1.0 μg, n = 8 or 10.0 μg, n = 10) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vehicle (n = 10) was administered 5 minutes prior to central fluid percussion TBI in rats. Performance on sensory motor tasks was assessed prior to injury and for 5 days after TBI with beam-balance, beam-walking, and rotarod tasks. Memory performance was assessed on days 11–15 after TBI with the Morris water maze. TBI produced significant motor and memory defici...
Nursing, Unionization, and Caste: The Lessons of Local 6456

A recent union drive by the faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago sparked controversy among academic nurses in the College of Nursing. Background on the union drive and the history of nursing labor organizing is provided to demonstrate the fit of union representation for nurses in all settings today, including academia.
Chemical library screens targeting an HIV-1 accessory factor/host cell kinase complex identify novel antiretroviral compounds.

Nef is an HIV-1 accessory protein essential for AIDS progression and an attractive target for drug discovery. Lack of a catalytic function makes Nef difficult to assay in chemical library screens. We developed a high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors of Nef function by coupling it to one of its host cell binding partners, the Src-family kinase Hck. Hck activation is dependent upon Nef in this assay, providing a direct readout of Nef activity in vitro. Using this screen, a unique diphenylfuropyrimidine was identified as a strong inhibitor of Nef-dependent Hck activation. This compound also exhibited remarkable antiretroviral effects, blocking Nef-dependent HIV replication in cell culture. Structurally related analogs were synthesized and shown to exhibit similar Nef-dependent antiviral activity, identifying the diphenylfuropyrimidine substructure as a new lead for antiretroviral drug development. This study demonstrates that coupling noncatalytic HIV accessory factors with host cell target proteins...
Fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of cartoon presentation

Abstract Children turned cartoon movies on briefly by pressing one lever: cartoons appeared according to either fixed-ratio (FR) or fixed-interval (FI) schedules. Presses of a second lever did not present the cartoons. The rate of responding to the FR or FI lever increased, and responding to the other lever decreased. Generally, there were higher and steadier response rates with the FR than with the FI schedules. Further evidence for schedule effects was that children changed to FR after first being trained on FI rapidly attained a high, steady response rate, and children changed to FI after initial training on FR attained a lower, more erratic rate. The duration of each cartoon presentation appeared to be relevant in determining the ability of the cartoons to maintain responding.
Small‐scale hydroelectric development as appropriate technology: a case study

Proponents of “appropriate” technology maintain that it fosters greater environmental protection, and social and ethical goals of decentralization, fulfillment of basic human needs, intermediacy of scale, and simplicity as compared to large, centralized, and complex technologies such as fossil fuel or nuclear power plants. Small‐scale hydroelectric projects are commonly perceived to be appropriate technology, but few studies have assessed whether this perception is valid. An analysis of the effects of existing and proposed small‐scale hydroelectric projects in the eastern Sierra Nevada region of California suggests that the environmental impacts of small‐scale hydroelectric projects may be significant, and that certain social/ ethical criteria of appropriate technology are not fulfilled.
Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Mothers' Child Abuse Potential

This research examines whether women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy have a higher child abuse potential than women who have not experienced IPV. Data were analyzed from a longitudinal investigation of IPV during pregnancy. This study recruited 88 pregnant women during prenatal care and followed them for 1(1/2) years. IPV was assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS2). The woman's potential for child abuse was assessed using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI). There was a significant positive association between IPV and child abuse potential scores (p = .003), even after controlling for sociodemographics. The odds of having a high level of child abuse potential were 3 times greater for women who were victims of IPV compared to nonvictims. Higher child abuse potential scores of the victimized women resulted mainly from the Distress and Problems with Others CAPI scales.
Demonstration of a socially transmitted taste aversion in the rat

Observer rats were allowed to interact for 15 min with 2 conspecific demonstrators, 1 that had been fed a cocoa-flavored diet and 1 that had been fed a cinnamon-flavored diet. One of the demonstrators had been made ill immediately following ingestion of its diet. The observer rats were then presented with the cocoa-flavored and cinnamon-flavored diets for 22 h. The observer rats consumed significantly less of the ill demonstrator’s diet than of the healthy demonstrator’s diet. This finding suggests that, under some conditions, rats can acquire a socially transmitted taste aversion.
Weak-scaling theory

Relations among critical exponents are derived. They are based upon a consideration of two correlation lengths, not necessarily equal, that arise in our analysis.
151. The Impact of a Multi-site Training Series on Chlamydia Screening Rates Among Adolescent Primary Care Patients in a Public Hospital System

participants, aged 16-24 (N 1⁄4 132), self-reported on whether they were ever in jail or juvenile detention and if they had sexual partnerships that overlapped in time. VTSSR showed high internal consistency (a 1⁄4 0.91). Weighted logistic regression was used to account for the sampling design. Results: The samplewas 73% African American, 46% guardians’ had less than high school education, andmean (sd) agewas 20.2 (0.28). 25% reported having been incarcerated. The median score on VTSSR was 22.5. Adjusting for age, both incarceration history [OR1⁄4 4.27, 95%CI: 1.24, 14.8] and sexual validation [AOR 1⁄4 3.57, 95%CI: 1.13, 11.3) were strongly associated with concurrency. To examine the moderating role of sexual validation, we stratified the sample into men who scored high vs. low (median split) on sexual validation and found that incarceration history was strongly associated with concurrency among young men who scored high on sexual validation [AOR 1⁄4 9.10, 95%CI: 1.63, 50.9], but was not associated among those who scored low on sexual validation [AOR 1⁄4 2.28, 95%CI: 0.17, 31.5], adjusting for age. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the role sexual validation plays on adolescents’ STI risk behavior, particularly among adolescent males who have been incarcerated. A strong association was found between incarceration history and having concurrent sexual partners among adolescent and young men. For young men who have been incarcerated, those who place a high importance on sexual relationships are particularly vulnerable toward concurrency, putting themselves and their partners at risk for STI. The need for sexual validation may be especially important to address at a time when adolescent males are transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood or having to face a transition following a period of incarceration. Sources of Support: NICHD R01HD057789, JHU CFAR 1P30AI094189, NIDA K01DA035387.
Aureomycin in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis of infants.

Summary A series of sixty-four cases of acute bronchiolitis are presented, with thirty-two patients receiving aureomycin as the only antibiotic or chemotherapy, and the other thirty-two recciving penicillin, sulfadiazine, streptomycin, or combinations of them. Patients were admitted to the two groups alternately and have comparable age ranges, nose and throat cultures on admission, and cold agglutinin titer rises. The patients who received aureomycin were hospitalized on an average ofthree days less than those in the control group. Their nose and throat cultures became negative for pathogens one day sooner. Of the group of on aureomycin, 49 per cent were afebrile in twenty-four hourscompared to 43.7 per cent of the control group. Of the patients who had a relative leucopenia upon admission or a white blood count below 15,000, 63.2 per cent of the aureomycin treated group were afebrile in twenty-four hours, compared to 41.6 per cent of the control group. In the group with definite ;eucocytosis, 53.8 per cent of the aureomycin treated group, compared with 50 per cent of the control group, were afebrile in twenty-four hours. Of those treated with aureomycin who had a cold agglutinin titer rise, 54.5 per cent were afebrile in twenty-four hours, compared with 33.3 per cent of the control group. In both groups there was usually a lag of several days between the disappearance of fever and the return of respirations to normal.
Sex-role stereotype, self-concept, education and experience: do they influence decision-making?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-concept, sex-role stereotype, educational preparation and years of experience upon the nurse's attitudes regarding decision-making. The Joseph Decision-making Tool (JDMT) was designed by the investigator to measure nurses' attitudes regarding decision-making. The tool consists of 20 scenarios in which the subject is asked to make a decision regarding a patient problem. Having an alpha reliability of 0.79, the JDMT was found to be exceedingly useful and easy to administer. Self-concept was measured by the BEM Scale. A heterogeneous population of female staff nurses working in medical-surgical units of two large metropolitan hospitals was used. A stepwise multiple regression technique was used to measure the potency of the particular variables in question. In a selected sample of 85 nurses, it was found that nurses with masculine sex-type scores and diploma education ( P P
Sedimentary stable carbon isotope evidence of late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in highland Costa Rica

Continuous terrestrial records of paleoclimate and paleovegetation that extend to the late Pleistocene are rare for the circum-Caribbean uplands. In this study we analyzed the bulk and compound-specific carbon isotope composition of lake sediments spanning this period from Lago de las Morrenas 1 (LM1), a glacial lake in the highlands of southern Costa Rica, for evidence of climate and vegetation changes that may not have been apparent in previous analyses. The stable carbon isotope ratios of n-alkanes typically derived from terrestrial plants (δ13CC27–C33) indicate an increased abundance of C4 plant taxa during the late Pleistocene and earliest Holocene that may be related to decreased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, increased aridity, or habitat availability. These n-alkane isotope ratios also provide evidence of more arid conditions during the early and late Holocene, and more mesic conditions during the middle Holocene, a pattern prevalent in other paleoclimate records from the region that is thought to be related to millennial-scale dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The sensitivity of the LM1 paleorecord to trade wind dynamics provides further support for the role of millennial-scale shifts in ITCZ dynamics in driving neotropical environmental change, and indicates that the effects of ITCZ migration were not limited to the lowlands.
Immediate carotid endarterectomy reduced nonperioperative stroke in severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

Source Citation Halliday A, Mansfield A, Marro J, et al. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised ...
The influence of parental support on the community service learning experiences of American college students

This mixed methods study considered the relationship between the civic development of college students participating in the Serve Program at Ignatius University and the influence of these students’ parents. The Serve Program is a community service learning program that combines coursework in philosophy and theology with a year-long service project. Analyses of pre-post survey data revealed that students whose parents were highly supportive of their participation in the program demonstrated the greatest increases in public service motivation and expected political participation. Qualitative interviews with Serve participants revealed that highly supportive parents provided students with additional opportunities for reflection upon the readings, lectures and service projects they were encountering through the Serve Program.
Histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of bacterial destruction of the hinge ligaments of cultured juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Extensive erosion of external ligament surfaces was associated with the presence of dense and homogeneous populations of very long rod-shaped bacteria within the lesions. The distinctive morphological characteristics of these bacteria suggested their probable affinity with one of the marine genera, Cytophaga, Flexibacter or Flavobacterium. The prevalences of bacterial lesions in both hinge ligament elements and in mantle tissues were estimated for a high-mortality population of juvenile oysters from a commercial hatchery. The ligament resilia of 93% of the oysters were estimated to contain erosive lesions, while only 20% of the ligament tensilia contained lesions. Bacterial infections in mantle tissues were estimated to occur in 47% of the oyster population. Separate morphometric studies using histological material were conducted to test hypotheses concerning both the apparent association between bacterial lesions in ligaments and mantle tissues, and the mechanistic basis of the apparent association. The probability of observing a bacterial lesion in mantle tissues was significantly greater (P<0.05) for oysters observed to have a hinge ligament lesion than it was for all oysters in the sample. The prevalence of erosive perforation of the hinge ligament (7%) was insufficient to account for the prevalence of mantle tissue infections (47%). These findings support the hypothesis that erosive hinge ligament lesions are associated with mantle tissue lesions and mortalities in affected oysters, but do not support the hypothesis that the etiological basis of mantle tissue infection involves direct bacterial invasion following compromise of the mechanical barrier formed by the hinge ligament.
Phosphoinositide3‐kinase regulates actin polymerization during delayed phagocytosis of Helicobacter pylori

We have shown previously that ulcero- genic (type I) strains of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) retard their entry into macrophages. However, the signaling pathways that regulate Hp phagocytosis are largely undefined. We show here that Hp strongly activated class IA phosphoinositide3-ki- nases (PI3Ks) in macrophages, coincident with phagocytosis, and endogenous p85 and active pro- tein kinase B accumulated on forming phagosomes. PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, in- hibited phagocytosis of Hp in a dose-dependent manner, and blockade of engulfment correlated directly with loss of 3-phosphoinositides in the membrane subjacent to attached bacteria. During uptake of large immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated particles, PI3Ks regulate pseudopod extension and phagosome closure. In marked contrast, we show here that 3-phosphoinositides regulated actin po- lymerization at sites of Hp uptake. Moreover, Hp and IgG beads activated distinct PI3K isoforms. Phagosomes containing IgG-coated particles accu- mulated 3-phosphatase and tensin homologue de- leted on chromosome 10 and Src homology 2 do- main-containing inositol 5-phosphatase, yet Hp phagosomes did not. Finally, rapid uptake of IgG- opsonized Hp or a less-virulent type II Hp was PI3K-independent. We conclude that Hp and IgG beads are ingested by distinct mechanisms and that PI3Ks regulate the actin cytoskeleton during slow phagocytosis of ulcerogenic Hp. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 220-230; 2005.
Short-term storage of cotton pollen

Several methods of storing cotton pollen (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were evaluated. A successful pollen storage method that maintains fertility would enhance the crossing of breeding materials. Storing pollen at ultra-low temperatures in liquid nitrogen or at 5°C was not successful. No storage method maintained pollen fertility for more than 72 h. Cotton pollen did maintain adequate fertility up to 24 h at 10 and 15°C, at both low and high humidity when the pollen was stored in the detached flowers. Minimally acceptable pollen fertility was maintained in flowers stored at 15°C at 100% R.H. for 72 h. Use of these methods will allow for better utilization of parental plants when both parents do not flower on the same days.
Energy loss from a moving vortex in superfluid helium

We present measurements on both energy loss and pinning for a vortex terminating on the curved surface of a cylindrical container. We vary surface roughness, cell diameter, fluid velocity, and temperature. Although energy loss and pinning both arise from interactions between the vortex and the surface, their dependences on the experimental parameters differ, suggesting that different mechanisms govern the two effects. We propose that the energy loss stems from reconnections with a mesh of microscopic vortices that covers the cell wall, while pinning is dominated by other influences such as the local fluid velocity.
A failsafe method to avoid injury to the great auricular nerve.

Background: The great auricular nerve (GAN) is the most commonly injured nerve during facelift surgery. Although rare, injury can result in long-term sequelae. Objectives: Previous reports have described the nerve's location at the midbelly of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) or at its emergence from underneath the SCM. The purpose of our study was to identify the superior course of the great auricular nerve as it applies to facelift. Methods: Thirteen fresh cadavers were dissected. A vertical line through the midlobule was drawn perpendicular to the Frankfort's horizontal, acting as a reference to the course of the GAN. Transparent paper overlay tracings were then done to record each nerve's location. The distance from the bony external auditory canal (EAC) to the nerve was measured at the anterior muscle border, at the midbelly of the SCM, and as the nerve emerged from under the SCM. Branching patterns of the nerve and its relation to the external jugular vein were identified. Results: In 100% of the dissections, the superior course of the GAN fell within a 30-degree angle constructed using the vertical limb perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal and a second limb drawn posteriorly from the midlobule. The distance from the EAC to the nerve was 4.9 ± 1.1 cm at the anterior muscle border, 7.3 ± 1.0 cm at the midbelly of the SCM, and 9.8 ± 1.2 cm at the GAN's emergence from under the SCM. Four types of branching patterns were identified. Conclusions: The 30-degree angle described above rapidly and accurately identifies the nerve's location.
The equivalence of general set‐covering and implicit integer programming formulations for shift scheduling

In a recent article we demonstrated that implicit optimal modeling for shift scheduling (P2) has inherent size and execution time advantages over the general set-covering formulation for shift scheduling (P1) [11, 13]. We postulated that the absence of extraordinary overlap (EO) was a requirement for the equivalence of P1 and P2. We have defined EO as the condition in which the earliest and latest starts for a break in one shift are earlier and later than the earliest and latest starts for a break in any other shift(s). In this article, we prove that our earlier postulate was accurate. Additionally, we discuss research extensions and note other scheduling problems for which implicit modeling may be appropriate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytical modeling of oxide thickness effects on residual stresses in thermal barrier coatings

During high temperature operation, an oxide scale forms along the irregular top coat/bond coat interface in the plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) system. The residual stresses in the system are affected by the presence of the thermally grown oxide (TGO). Along the irregular interface, the asperity can be convex or concave. Semicircular convex and concave asperities have been adopted for numerical simulations to examine the effects of the TGO thickness on residual thermal stresses. It was found that in the tip region of a convex asperity, the residual stress normal to the interface, {sigma}{sub y}, in the ceramic top coat is tensile for a thin oxide but becomes compressive for a thick oxide. In the tip region of a concave asperity, {sigma}{sub y} in the ceramic topcoat is compressive for a thin oxide and becomes less compressive for a thick oxide. The purpose of the present study was to explore the physical meaning of the trend of the stress state of {sigma}{sub y} in the ceramic topcoat with the variation of the TGO thickness. To achieve this, a simple analytical model of three concentric circles was adopted. First, the residual thermal stresses in the three-concentric-circles model were derived. Then, themore » results for residual radial stresses at the top coat/TGO and the TGO/bond coat interfaces as functions of the TGO thickness were presented. Also, the physical meaning of the above results was discussed.« less
School psychologist know thyself: Creativity and alonetime for adaptive professional coping

School psychologists' need for coping strategies to deal with increasing job stress is widely acknowledged. Interventions, however, fail to adequately consider inner emotional and spiritual experiences. We believe that without exploring these dimensions of experience we are neglecting and ignoring the fastest route to improved mental health. We focus specifically on creativity and aloneness, viewing these basic human phenomena as promising avenues for exploration. Creativity is viewed as an innate quality that can be accessed via a person's opportunity to experience states of reflective, calm solitude. Aloneness, conceptualized here as “alonetime,” is considered a critical developmental need that originates in infancy and persists throughout the human life cycle (Buchholz & Chinlund, 1994). We suggest creativity and alonetime are presently untapped inborn resources representing flexible and viable coping tools with important potential implications for mental health. In this model lack of creativity and alonetime provide warning to the school psychologist, who upon sensing danger is able to implement required interventions. Even though the school setting seems an unlikely place we suggest the individual as well as the system make alonetime a top priority, leading to less stressed, more “self-actualized” practitioners. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Feasibility Investigation and Modeling Analysis of CO2 Sequestration in Arbuckle Formation Utilizing Salt Water Disposal Wells

The rate of CO2 production in many states, primarily from coal-fired power plants, is such that it only takes a few years to fill up any depleted oil and gas reservoirs. In order to reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and to minimize the cost of sequestration, the injection of CO2 into aquifers utilizing disposal wells has been targeted. In this paper, an analysis of one particular case, namely, the Arbuckle formation in Oklahoma, was carried out to demonstrate its feasibility for CO2 sequestration. First, a general review for CO2 sequestration into aquifers utilizing existing disposal wells is presented. The limiting criteria for CO2 sequestration in terms of the geology of the aquifer, lithology of the host rock, cost of operation, impact on reservoir properties, depth of the completed interval to maintain supercritical conditions for CO2, injection pressure and rate to minimize gravity segregation, mobility ratio to prevent viscous fingering, and chemical interaction of aqueous and solid phases are discussed. Then, the existence of residual oil in the aquifer and its effect on reaction chemistry concerning the potential CO2 sequestration applications in the Arbuckle formation are evaluated. This investigation was conducted by means of simulation of the prevailing processes. The cutoff points from dissolution to precipitation for each constituent in terms of different CO2 injection rates were obtained by utilizing the simulation models GEM-GHG and PHREEQC and were supported by a database of 150 disposal wells from which 25 wells were completed in the Arbuckle formation. We critically evaluate the current state of knowledge, identify areas needing research, and offer practical approaches for the evaluation of potential CO2 sequestration sites using commercial disposal wells.
Tumour-specific transplantation antigen from SV40 transformed cells binds to DNA.

MUCH work is being directed towards the characterisation of tumour-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA). AL/N strain mouse embryo cells transformed by SV40 virus (SV AL/N cells) are suitable for such studies, because (1) these cells are highly antigenic and are rejected at high dose (>107) by the immunologically competent syngeneic AL/N mouse1,2, (2) TSTA is common to all SV40 virus-transformed cells tested but specific in that only SV40 transformed cells share a common TSTA3, and (3), the SV40 ‘early’ or A gene is relatively small (∼1.8×106 molecular weight), its mapping and the nucleotide sequences of the restriction endonuclease fragments are under intense study, and the various cellular antigens in the transformed cells—the TSTA, the tumour-specific surface antigen (TSSA) (ref. 4), and the nuclear T antigen—probably represent modifications of products of this early gene5–7. Using SV AL/N cells and a detergent technique8 for solubilisation, we demonstrated that immunisation by a partially purified soluble extract containing 100 µg protein effectively protects mice against tumourigenic doses of SV40 transformed cells9. We report here that TSTA activity co-purifies with the T antigen in several steps, that TSTA can be recovered from a DNA column in a fraction which then effectively immunises at the 1-µg level, and that the TSTA, like the T antigen10, binds to double-stranded mammalian DNA.
Laser Pulse Control of High-Conversion Free Radical Polymerization

This paper explores the possibility of controlling molecular weight distributions (MWDs) produced by linear free radical polymerization (FRP). We theoretically study pulsed laser free radical polymerization in the presence of a preprepared inert polymer matrix whose chains are longer than the entanglement threshold Ne. Under such conditions living chain termination is dominated by entanglements, and earlier theory for continuously initiated steady-state FRP predicts most termination events involve one long (entangled) and one short (unentangled) chain. When initiation is pulsed, we find three time scales are critical in determining the dead molecular weight distribution: T, the time between pulses; τshort, the time for a living chain to grow from birth to length Ne; and τliving, the mean living chain lifetime. If the condition τshort ≪ T ≪ τliving is satisfied, we find the dead MWD is multimodal and entirely different than the broad steady-state MWD. The MWD peaks have width ≈Ne and decay as ∼1/(N − Ni)3...
Incidence of Entomophthora sp. and other natural control agents in populations of Pseudoplusia includens and Trichoplusia ni

Abstract A species of Entomophthora was observed as a mortality factor in populations of Pseudoplusia includens and Trichoplusia ni in cotton and soybean fields throughout Alabama. Resting spores appear identical to those of Tarichium gammae . The incidence of this fungus in host populations, as well as other disease agents and parasites, was determined from larval samples collected throughout the State. Entomophthora infected 8% of all loopers collected on cotton as compared to 35% on soybeans. T. ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus infected 41% of all loopers collected from cotton but no mortality attributable to virus was found in loopers collected on soybeans, which were predominantly P. includens . Studies in 1969 and 1970 on the incidence of Entomophthora sp. in a population of P. includens infesting soybeans in central Alabama have shown it to infect between 50 and 95% of all individuals present from early August through mid-September, the period of densest abundance of the caterpillars. Spicaria sp. was also present during August and September but did not contribute significantly to reduction in population levels until late in the season. Parasites accounted for less than 1% of all mortality in each year and predator populations were very small during the periods of observation.
Simulation of a moving bed gasifier for a western coal

This paper describes an adiabatic steady state plug flow model for a moving bed coal gasifier with gas-solid heat transfer. The model considers 17 solid stream components, 10 gas stream components and 17 reactions. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were derived for a Wyoming subbituminous coal. Examples of calculated results are given.
Lysyl Oxidase Interacts with Hormone Placental Lactogen and Synergistically Promotes Breast Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Migration

Lysyl oxidase (LOX), an extracellular amine oxidase, catalyzes the cross-linking of collagen and elastin. LOX has been also shown to play an essential role in promoting the invasive and metastatic potential of breast tumor cells. However, the LOX-interacting factors in these processes are not known. In this study, we identified placental lactogen (PL), a member of the growth hormone/prolactin hormone family, as a LOX-interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid screens. PL is normally only expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts, but PL genes are amplified and expressed in a high percentage of invasive ductal breast carcinomas. We confirmed LOX-PL interactions using far Western and solid phase binding assays. In activity assays, PL was not a substrate or inhibitor of LOX. We further demonstrated that PL is expressed in breast tumor epithelial cells and detected LOX-PL interactions by coimmunoprecipitation in invasive breast cancer cells. In MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells stably expressing LOX, PL, or both, LOX had no effect on cell proliferation, PL alone increased proliferation by 49%, and coexpression of LOX and PL led to a 121% increase in cell proliferation. Unlike in tumor cells, LOX did not induce a more migratory phenotype in MCF-10A cells; nor did PL. However, their coexpression resulted in a 240% increase in cell migration, suggesting that these interactions may be highly relevant to the transition of epithelial cells toward a migratory phenotype during the development and progression of breast carcinoma and a significant role for LOX-PL interactions in epithelial cell behavior.
Signature discovery for personalized medicine

Various types of genome-wide data, such as sequence and gene expression data, have been generated and are available from public databases. These genome-wide data present major computational challenges as the number of variables far exceeds the number of observations. Many computational tools have been developed for the analyses of these high dimensional data, and these methods have led to improved understanding of molecular biology. In particular, signature discovery (also known as variable selection or feature selection), a machine learning technique in which subsets of variables are selected to build robust models, are useful in mining these high-dimensional functional genomic data. In this paper, we will review the applications of signature discovery methods in mining these high dimensional data. Specifically, we will focus on two applications, namely, the identification of signature genes predictive of disease phenotypes and the inference of regulatory networks. Signature genes predictive of disease phenotypes can be potentially used in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Regulatory networks that capture the gene-to-gene influences can be used to provide the context of therapeutic intervention.