cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age Estimation of Children in the Field A Follow-Up Study with Attention to Sex Differences

This article updates a method of age estimation based on observation of a wide variety of dental landmarks. The method can be used with children between five and twelve years of age in semior nonliterate areas where reliable records or testimony of age are unavailable. Outlined and tested initially in Ghana (Kirk, 1975), the original method is validated and refined in the present Kenya study with a second population. Errors of estimation are summarized by age and sex, and accuracy and interjudge reliability measured. The method is revised to adjust for sex differences, increasing the accuracy of the procedure for estimating the ages of girls.
The Effects of Different Degrees of Knowledge about an Audience on the Content of Communication: The Male Audience

(1952). The Effects of Different Degrees of Knowledge about an Audience on the Content of Communication: The Male Audience. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 83-88.
A Dynamic CGE Analysis of Exhaustible Resources: The Case of an Oil Exporting Developing Country

An extensive literature concerned with optimal depletion of an exhaustible resource, with only a few exceptions, ignores the economy-wide and sectoral distribution effects of resource depletion. This paper presents a dynamic computable general equilibrium model to link the underlying natural resource base to economic performance. The model consists of an intra-temporal price endogenous model of a market economy, embedded in an inter-temporal optimal growth and development model. It is an optimization model that determines the optimal development path of the economy, hence, the inter-temporal depletion problem subject to workings of a multi-sector market economy. This general equilibrium approach captures the economy-wide and sectoral distribution effects of resource depletion. The model, benchmarked to Iranian data, is used to examine the issues related to optimal extraction of an exhaustible resource, optimal savings in the economy, and the allocation of investment funds.
Creating a Favorable Business Climate: Corporations and Radio Broadcasting, 1934 to 1954

Beginning in the 1930s, American corporations increasingly turned to radio for their public relations campaigns. Major firms, including Ford, Du Pont, and General Motors, sponsored network radio programs that carried messages designed to improve their image. Other large corporations funded national radio news commentators, while smaller businesses sponsored weekly or even daily local radio programs. For twenty years, radio was an important component of corporate public relations, allowing businesses to speak more directly to the public than print advertisements had. By the mid-fifties, institutional broadcasting, combined with other public relations activities, had succeeded in helping business improve its status in American society.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Humans

Vitamin D regulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in experimental animals, but corresponding human data are limited. We examined the relation between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and elements of the RAS in 184 normotensive individuals in high sodium balance; these included circulating levels of plasma renin activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the renal plasma flow response to infused Ang II, which is an indirect measure of the intrinsic RAS activity in the kidney. Compared with individuals with sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (> or = 30.0 ng/mL), those with insufficiency (15.0 to 29.9 ng/mL) and deficiency (<15.0 ng/mL) had higher circulating Ang II levels (P for trend=0.03). Moreover, those with vitamin D deficiency had significantly blunted renal plasma flow responses to infused Ang II (mean decrease of 115 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) in renal plasma flow versus 145 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) among those with sufficient vitamin D levels; P for trend=0.009). Although plasma renin activity was higher among individuals with insufficient levels of vitamin D, the result was not statistically significant. These data suggest that low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may result in upregulation of the RAS in otherwise healthy humans.
The Effects of Structuring Clinical Rounds on Communication and Efficiency

Clinical rounds are a critical time for determining a patient’s daily and long-term goals, for communicating these goals to a patients’ healthcare team and to family, and for teaching medical students and other clinicians. However, these discussions are highly variable ranging from highly structured monologues at some sites to free form dialogues in other units [1–7]. Best practices and standards for round discussions are still emerging. As discussed in Lane et al.’s [8] review of the literature, known barriers to round quality include interruptions, long rounding times, and poor information retrieval. Given rounds’ importance for team communication [9–11] and patient care, significant effort is being put forth to improve round quality. For example, tools such as scripts and checklists are proven to hasten the rounds process and increase the rounding teams’ satisfaction [1, 3, 5, 7, 12–14].
Quantitative knowledge-based analysis in compound safety assessment.

Introduction: Despite rapid progress in OMICs and computational technologies in compound safety assessment, drug failure rate due to toxicity is still unacceptably high. One reason for this is an inadequate interpretation of high-throughput preclinical data. Another reason is the poor mechanistic understanding of drug side effects as currently just a few compound targets are linked to specific adverse reactions. Areas covered: Current performance issues with statistical analysis of OMICs data or gene/protein/compound lists are discussed, illustrating potential advantages of knowledge-based approaches in prediction of human toxicity. The authors show several examples of quantitative functional analysis, including cross-tissue toxicity predictions and integrated analysis of different types of OMICs data. They also describe novel approaches linking compound targets and associated pathways to side effects. The reader will gain an update on the recent developments in knowledge-based analysis in toxicogenomics ...
Heat Transfer by Combined Forced Convection and Thermal Radiation in a Heated Tube

An analysis is made to study the heat exchange by combined forced convection and thermal radiation in a tube when there is a specified heat flux imposed at the tube wall. The gas flowing in the tube is assumed transparent to radiation, so that the radiation which is included takes place between the elemerts of the internal tube surface and between this tube surface and the environment at each end of the tube. The inside surface of the tube is a black emitter and the outside is assumed perfectly insulated. The heattransfer coefficient for convection alone from the tube wall to the gas is assumed constant. The energy equati on governing the heat exchange is solved by two methods which provide results that are in good agreement with each other. Numerical examples of the wall and gas-temperature variations along the tube show the influence of the system parameters such as inlet gas temperature, tube length, and convective heat-transfer coefficient. A simple method is outlined, which can be used under some conditions to obtain an approximate wall-temperature distribution.
Spit Growth and Downdrift Erosion: Results of Longshore Transport Modeling and Morphologic Analysis at the Cape Lookout Cuspate Foreland

Abstract This study examined geomorphologic changes, littoral processes and sediment budget along the west side of the Cape Lookout, North Carolina, cuspate foreland, where a prograding spit at right angles to an eroding barrier island forms prominent features. Progradation of the spit is of interest geologically because it occurs within a transgressive, sediment-starved coastal setting in which adjacent barrier island limbs are eroding and in which immediate sediment sources and transport mechanisms are not obvious. Results indicate that as the spit extends to the north, it also widens to the west through swash bar attachment, leaving a well-defined record of dune ridges that mark former shoreline positions. Although northerly longshore transport occurs only under SW wave conditions, the average rate, ∼0.18 × 106 m3/y, is considered high given the sheltered position of the spit within the cuspate foreland. Results of modeling and development patterns of a series of ridge and runnel systems along the spit...
Dramatic Decline in the HIV-1 RNA Level Over Calendar Time in a Large Urban HIV Practice

assessed over time. Results. From 1996 (shortly after highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] was introduced) to 2010, the median HIV-1 RNA level decreased from 10 400 to ,200 copies/mL. The proportion of patients with an HIV-1 RNA level .500 copies/mL decreased from 75% to only 16% during this same period. The population itself became older, had a higher proportion of women, and a lower proportion of patients with injection drug use as a transmission risk, but it was geographically stable. There was an increase in HAART use over time. Discussion. Our results demonstrate the remarkable impact of increased use of and improved management with HAART in this urban HIV-infected population. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection became available in 1995–1996, but the therapy was predominantly anchored by an unboosted protease inhibitor, was used frequently in persons who had previously received nonnucleoside reversetranscriptase–inhibiting drugs, and was associated with significant side effects. Guidelines for when to start HAART have changed, beginning with use at higher CD4 T-cell counts, later recommending that patients not be treated until their CD4 T-cell count
Material survey for packaging semiconductor diode lasers

We present results from a survey of materials used for packaging semiconductor lasers, including Cu, CuW, BeO, diamond composite and other advanced materials. We present the results of residual bonding stress from various solders and consider the direct effects on wavelength and spectral width. We also provide data on the second order effects of threshold current and slow axis divergence. Additionally, we consider the heat spreading through different materials for a laser bar and present modeled and experimental data on the thermal performance. Finally, we consider the reliability under on-off life-testing and thermal cycling tests.
Turbulent contributions to the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar

For several decades, sodars have been widely used in many countries for studies of the atmospheric boundary layer. It is a common practice to retrieve the structure parameter of temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere from the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar. This practice is based on the standard scattering theory result that the echo-signal is due to sound scattering by temperature fluctuations only while velocity fluctuations do not contribute to the echo-signal. In this paper, we consider a new theory of temperature and velocity contributions to the echo-signal recorded by a monostatic sodar. This new theory accounts for sound refraction in a stratified moving atmosphere while the standard theory does not. It follows from the new theory that, for moderate to strong wind conditions, velocity fluctuations can contribute significantly or even dominate the sodar's echo-signal. In these cases, the common practice of retrieving profiles of temperature fluctuations by monostatic sodars leads to significant errors.
Combined use of flowmeter and time-drawdown data to estimate hydraulic conductivities in layered aquifer systems

The vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in layered aquifer systems commonly is needed for model simulations of ground-water flow and transport. In previous studies, time-drawdown data or flowmeter data were used individually, but not in combination, to estimate hydraulic conductivity. In this study, flowmeter data and time-drawdown data collected from a long-screened production well and nearby monitoring wells are combined to estimate the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a complex multilayer coastal aquifer system. Flowmeter measurements recorded as a function of depth delineate nonuniform inflow to the wellbore, and this information is used to better discretize the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity using analytical and numerical methods. The time-drawdown data complement the flowmeter data by giving insight into the hydraulic response of aquitards when flow rates within the wellbore are below the detection limit of the flowmeter. The combination of these field data allows for the testing of alternative conceptual models of radial flow to the wellbore.
Mutagenesis reveals a role for epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular subdomain IV in ligand binding.

The extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) comprises four subdomains (I–IV) and mediates binding of several different polypeptide ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor-α, and heparin-binding EGF. Previous studies have predominantly implicated subdomain III in ligand binding. To investigate a possible role for sequences in subdomain IV, we constructed several mutant EGFRs in which clusters of charged or aromatic amino acids were replaced with alanine. Analysis of stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing mutant EGFRs confirmed that they were present on the cell surface at levels approaching that of the wild-type receptor. Although tyrosine phosphorylation of most mutants was markedly induced by EGF, a cluster mutation (mt25) containing four alanine substitutions in the span of residues 521–527 failed to respond. EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of an alternative mutant (ΔEN) with amino acids 518–589 deleted was also greatly diminished. Larger doses of EGF or heparin-binding EGF induced only weak tyrosine phosphorylation of mt25, whereas the response to transforming growth factor-α was undetectable. These results suggest that mt25 might be defective with respect to either ligand binding or receptor dimerization. Quantitative analyses showed that binding of 125I-EGF to mt25 and ΔEN was reduced to near background levels, whereas binding of EGF to other cluster mutants was reduced 60–70% compared with wild-type levels. Among the mutants, only mt25 and ΔEN failed to form homodimers or to transphosphorylate HER2/Neu in response to EGF treatment. Collectively, our results are the first to provide direct evidence that discrete subdomain IV residues are required for normal binding of EGF family ligands. Significantly, they were obtained with the full-length receptor in vivo, rather than a soluble truncated receptor, which has been frequently used for structure/function studies of the EGFR extracellular region.
Improved Ruthenium Catalysts for Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis

Several new C–H-activated ruthenium catalysts for Z-selective olefin metathesis have been synthesized. Both the carboxylate ligand and the aryl group of the N-heterocyclic carbene have been altered and the resulting catalysts evaluated using a range of metathesis reactions. Substitution of bidentate with monodentate X-type ligands led to a severe attenuation of metathesis activity and selectivity, while minor differences were observed between bidentate ligands within the same family (e.g., carboxylates). The use of nitrato-type ligands in place of carboxylates afforded a significant improvement in metathesis activity and selectivity. With these catalysts, turnover numbers approaching 1000 were possible for a variety of cross-metathesis reactions, including the synthesis of industrially relevant products.
Fetal respiratory distress following fetography. A case report.

Abstract An unexpected and previously unreported complication of fetography is reported, with one case report and a brief review of the literature.
Age and aphasia: a review of presence, type, recovery and clinical outcomes

Background: Each year approximately 100,000 stroke survivors are diagnosed with aphasia. Although stroke is associated with age, the relationship between age and aphasia is less clear.Objectives: To complete a review of the literature to examine the relationship between age and: (a) presence or likelihood of aphasia after stroke, (b) aphasia type, (c) aphasia recovery patterns, and (d) aphasia clinical outcomes.Data Sources: Articles were identified by a comprehensive search of “OneSearch,” PubMed, and individual journals: Aphasiology, Stroke and the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Study Selection: Inclusion criteria included: age and incidence of aphasia, likelihood of aphasia, aphasia recovery, and aphasia clinical outcome.Data Extraction: Independent searches were completed by the authors. Each author independently assessed the full text of reports meeting inclusion criteria. Differences regarding study eligibility and need to proceed with data extraction were resolved by consensus.Resul...
Establishing and Maintaining Inseparable Security Competencies

This chapter introduces the concept of inseparable competencies and describes the value and meaning the competencies have in supporting business goals and objectives. A security organization has only one mission: to deter, delay, prevent, protect, assess, respond to, and recover from any significant security event that influences the operation or survivability of the corporation. Any other activity performed by a security organization is secondary. This chapter emphasizes the importance of strategic and tactical planning vision and insight to preserve life and safeguard assets. It calls for a strong commitment to sustain a degree of care and diligence, or to face the consequences of failure. Actual examples of operational requirements are offered throughout the narrative.
Endrin excretion by the isolated perfused rat liver: a sexual difference.

SummaryIsolated perfused rat liver experiments were performed using livers from male and female donors. Radiolabeled endrin added to perfusates appeared in bile of livers of male donors 2 to 12 times as rapidly as in bile of livers of female donors. These findings explain the lesser toxicity and lesser adipose tissue storage of endrin in male rats, and further validate the isolated perfused liver technique as a useful method of insecticide toxicology.
Stalingrad re-imagined as mythical chronotope: Fedor Bondarchuk's Stalingrad in IMAX 3D

AbstractIn this article, I maintain that IMAX 3D Stalingrad (2013) by Fedor Bondarchuk takes the mythologization of Stalingrad to an entirely new level in order to create an innovative national myth for contemporary Russia. The film not only incorporates the traditional Soviet Stalingrad myth of ‘a sacred battle’, but also shapes the city as a mythical space through fictional postmemory, which is posed as authentic. Stalingrad imbeds its setting into the ‘IMAX paradigm’ meant to transport its viewers into the fictional but credible reality of the embattled city, which has more in common with, for example, the space station Pandora or Hogwarts. The film defies linearity of historical time in favour of the mythical recurrence of Stalingrad entrapped in the vicious cycle of war. It presents Stalingrad as a mythical chronotope tied to the idea of circular time, enveloping the individual. The cinematic city, where time folds in on itself, thus belongs more to the romantic-folkloric tradition than to history. I...
Application of Operations Research to Marketing and Related Management Problems

pect to find the trained physicist, chemist or biologist using on research within his respective field.' The purpose of operations research as an applied science is to provide explicit description and understanding of the relationships among components of an operation which determine its effectiveness in achieving its goals. The executive then has explicit and quantitative bases on which he can control his thinking toward sound decisions and improved efficiency. In particular, the term is limited to analyses employing quantitative
Abstract 3970: DRAK2 inhibits the TGF-B signaling pathwsy through interaction with TGF-B receptors

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) controls a diverse set of cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and immune modulation. In recent years, research has begun to unravel the mechanisms that tune the TGF-β signaling pathway. These mechanisms include interactions and modifications that regulate the stability of TGF-β's signaling machinery, receptors and Smads. In addition, they are known to be of major importance for maintaining proper physiological TGF-β signaling. In this study, we have identified a novel TGF-β receptor binding protein called DRAK2 (DAP kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase 2). Here, we show that DRAK2 inhibits TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation. To identify the interaction between TGF-β receptors and DRAK2, we performed immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining and in situ proximity ligation assay. DRAK2 specifically bound to the TGF-β receptors. Although ectopic expression of DRAK2 did not inhibit the interaction between TGF-β receptor type I and type II, transient transfection of DRAK2 reduced TGF-β-dependent reporter activity. In stable cell lines that overexpress DRAK2, DRAK2 suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and activity of Smad2-specific (ARE) and Smad3-specific (CAGA) reporters. Furthermore, the expression of DRAK2 attenuated TGF-β-induced translocation of Smad2 and Smad3 from the cytoplasm to nucleus. Conversely, the knockdown of DRAK2 enhanced the TGF-β signaling pathway including TGF-β-dependent promoter activity and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Thus, these results suggest that DRAK2 may be a negative regulator in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3970.
The Impact of Universal Suffrage: A Comparison of Popular and Property Voting*

The attainment of universal suffrage over various forms of voting restrictions has been one of the major accomplishments in the development of modern democratic institutions. Struggles for the vote have had to overcome restrictions based on factors such as sex, race and tenure of property. While gaps in the exercise of the franchise still remain, formal restrictions on voting in the United States have been largely removed.However, an important question, largely uninvestigated, concerns the “costs” of the universal franchise in terms of the quality of government and its impact upon policy decisions. Do the disadvantages of universal suffrage offset advantages said to be gained, particularly in Western nations, such as increased legitimization of decisions and stability of regimes? Many of the past and present opponents of the extension of voting have argued that the poor results to be expected from the impact of universal suffrage far outweigh the advantages. Clearly, the problem of “costs” is important, for it is a crucial element in the argument over democracy and the vote.
Structural, geographic, and social factors in urban building energy use: Analysis of aggregated account-level consumption data in a megacity

Abstract Residential and commercial buildings comprise approximately forty percent of total energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. Yet, while California spends $1.5 billion annually on energy efficiency programs, limited research has explored how building energy consumption varies within cities, including the social and structural factors that influence electricity and natural gas use. We present results from an analysis of aggregated account-level utility billing data for energy consumption across the over two million properties in Los Angeles County. Results show that consumption in L.A. County varies widely with geography, income, building characteristics, and climate. Several higher-income areas have greater total energy use per building even in cooler climates, while many lower-income regions rank higher for energy use per square-foot. Energy consumption also correlates with building age, which varies widely throughout the region. Our results demonstrate the many complex and interrelated factors that influence urban energy use. While billing data is critical for devising energy efficiency programs that actually realize estimated savings and promote more sustainable cities, opening access to such data presents significant challenges for protecting personal privacy. The presented approach is adaptable and scalable to cities seeking to develop data-driven policies to reduce building energy use.
Optimal human-in-the-loop interfaces based on Maxwell's Demon

Interactions with complex systems require safe and reliable interfaces. However, such interfaces must be able to account for substantial uncertainty resulting from the unpredictable nature of human behavior. In this study we demonstrate that a controller/filter unit operating as a “Maxwell's Demon” can be used to synthesize human-machine interfaces that effectively filter user input in real time. Our Maxwell's Demon Algorithm (MDA) was applied in mechanical and software filtering of user actions for the cart-pendulum inversion task. Software filtering was implemented and tested using a custom Android application. Additionally, a haptic device was employed to create a mechanical filter. Results from nine healthy subjects show that both software and mechanical filters increased the success rate of subjects in the swing-up task. This result suggests that the MDA may be applied to design reliable human-machine interfaces for rehabilitation, training, teleoperation and other shared control tasks.
Political Institutions and Varieties of Capitalism

This chapter offers a comprehensive review of the literature relevant to the varieties of capitalism debate, specifically, the paradigm’s failure to explain capitalist divergence. The chapter addresses questions of an oversimplified dichotomous typology, the varieties of capitalism’s (VOC) lack of emphasis on political institutions as causal variables, and the relationships between majoritarian and consensus institutions. The chapter ends by proposing an explanation of the relationships between political institutions—those associated with the majoritarian and consensus dichotomy—and the economic arenas proposed by the varieties of capitalism framework.
Abstract C54: Mechanism and preclinical prevention of increased breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy

While a first pregnancy before age 22 lowers breast cancer risk, a pregnancy after age 35 significantly increases life-long breast cancer risk. Pregnancy causes several changes in the normal breast that raise barriers to transformation, but how pregnancy can also increase long-term cancer risk remains unclear. Precancerous lesions accumulate in the breast with age. We show in mice that pregnancy has different effects on the few early lesions that have already accumulated in the otherwise normal breast9it causes apoptosis evasion and accelerated progression to cancer. The apoptosis evasion is due to the normally tightly controlled STAT5 signaling going astray9 in response to pregnancy/lactation hormones, these precancerous cells can activate STAT5; but during involution, the oncogenic signaling can prevent STAT5 deactivation. The resulting persistent STAT5 signaling prevents the apoptosis normally initiated by oncogene activation and involution. Short-term anti-STAT5 treatment of lactation-completed, early lesions-bearing mice eliminates the increased risk after a pregnancy. This chemoprevention strategy has important implications for preventing increased human breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy as it may lower long-term breast cancer risk in women who have had a late-age pregnancy and thus are more likely to harbor STAT5-activated progressing early lesions. Citation Format: Yi Li. Mechanism and preclinical prevention of increased breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C54.
Senior management's critical role in strengthening technological competitiveness

There is a widespread tendency for mature firms to shift their managerial emphasis from the development of products and processes towards increasing production capacity and intensifying marketing and distribution. These moves have often involved increasing managerial specialization, and have led to a reduced commitment to the development of major product changes. It may well be necessary in the future for western firms effectively to integrate specialized functions at successively higher corporate levels. The strengthening of a firm's technological contributions to the competitiveness of its products and production processes requires reaching beyond R&D and engineering criteria to evaluate policy or input requirements, production characteristics, factor prices, investment needs and market potentials.
ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ. — Actual Mathematical Solutions of Problems Posed by Reality, II. (Applications)

In the previous paper 3(a), we discussed a classical procedure for finding actual mathematical solutions of real systems in many physical or social fields. The main phases of the procedure were: A. The creation of a theory of the system, which helps its modeling; B. The selection of a “well-posed-model” of the system, which gives a well-posed mathematical problem, and C. The construction of the solution of this problem, which is the “actual solution” of the system.
Membrane Microdomains and cAMP Compartmentation in Cardiac Myocytes

Signaling through the diffusible second messenger, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical to the regulation of cardiac function. Several different G-protein-coupled receptors, including β-adrenergic receptors, muscarinic receptors, and E-type prostaglandin receptors, elicit distinct responses using this ubiquitous second messenger. One critical paradigm that has emerged to explain this behavior is that cAMP signaling is compartmentalized. Spatially confining specific receptors and their downstream effector proteins to form subcellular signaling complexes has been proposed to allow for the high efficiency and fidelity in producing specific functional responses. In cardiac myocytes, lipid rafts created by cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains have been demonstrated to act as one means of sorting appropriate receptors and corresponding effectors to relevant subcellular locations. Caveolae, which represent a specific subset of lipid rafts, can dynamically attract or exclude specific signaling proteins through a variety of mechanisms to create highly localized and self-sufficient multi-molecular signaling complexes. Furthermore, disruption of this organization in disease states such as heart failure has been found to alter cAMP responses. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of membrane domains in cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. We also highlight the insights gained from previous studies to offer new avenues of research in this expanding field of study.
Hermann and the Relative Context of Observation

Prior analyses of Grete Hermann’s 1935 essay on the philosophical foundations of quantum mechanics have taken her central aim to be the recovery of an appropriately Kantian notion of causality from this new indeterministic physics. I argue that if one instead reads this essay as primarily an investigation into the meaning and implications of the relative nature of quantum mechanics—not only for physics, but also for fields as different as ethics—certain dimensions of her work appear with greater clarity. Among these are her particular Kantian interpretation of Bohr’s complementarity and correspondence principles , her unique understanding of the quantum-classical divide , the failure of Kant’s a priori categories of space, time and causality to apply literally—even for obtaining classical natural knowledge, and the splitting of truth.
Solar cells: Stabilizing tin-based perovskites

Tin-based perovskite solar cells are less toxic than their lead-based counterparts, but suffer from severe stability issues due to the susceptibility of tin to oxidation. Now, a CsSnI3 perovskite solar cell with a SnCl2 additive is shown to exhibit remarkable stability.
OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections for Urge Incontinence.

Detrusor muscle injections of onabotulinumtoxinA can be used to decrease the number of episodes of urinary incontinence in women for whom treatment with anticholinergic agents has been ineffective.
Pioneering African-American women in the advertising business: biographies of mad black women

Advertising agencies have long captured the public imagination. Whether dramatizing the historical social awakenings of 1960s in “Mad Men” or cataloging the late 80s anxieties of yuppies in “thirty...
A brief remark on the topological entropy for linear switched systems

In this brief note, we investigate the topological entropy f or linear switched systems. Specifically, we use the Levi-Malcev decomposition of Lie-algebra to establish a connection between the basic properties of the topological entropy and the stability of switched lin ear systems. For such systems, we show that the topological entropy for the evolution operator corresp onding to a semi-simple subalgebra is always bounded from above by the negative of the largest real part of the eigenvalue that corresponds to the evolution operator of a maximal solvable ideal part.
Constitutive Laws and Damage Theory

This chapter will discuss constitutive laws and basic invariant requirements in continuous media. To develop a continuous damage theory, the concepts of damage variables will be briefly introduced. The equivalent principles on continuum damage mechanics will be presented to obtain effective material properties. A large damage theory for anisotropic damaged materials will be discussed from the incremental complementary energy equivalence principle, and a few simple applications will be presented.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Current and Proposed Restricted Food Expenditures.

Introduction Between 2000 and 2017, a total of 23 states proposed legislation to further restrict Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) purchases. In the absence of a pilot program, the potential effect of such restrictions is unclear. The objective of this study is to provide insight on the proposed restrictions’ effectiveness by characterizing SNAP households’ expenditures on current and proposed restricted foods, and comparing them with their cash expenditures. Restrictions on sugar-sweetened beverages, snack foods, and foods ineligible under the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) are considered. Methods The National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (collected 2012–2013) provided weekly food expenditures for 1,234 SNAP households. Descriptive statistics and t-tests (completed in 2017) were used to characterize and compare households’ cash and restricted food expenditures. Results On average, SNAP households’ allocated 7%, 6%, 17%, and 66% of their food expenditures to currently restricted foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, snack foods, and WIC-ineligible foods. Given a sugar-sweetened beverage or snack food restriction, the average SNAP household can cover their restricted expenditures with cash. However, the average household’s expenditures on current restricted and WIC-ineligible foods exceed their cash expenditures by a mean of $40.84 (SE=$2.44). Note that results characterize the impact of proposed SNAP restrictions on the average SNAP household. Individually, it is likely that some SNAP households would be affected by a sugar-sweetened beverage or snack food restriction. Conclusions Legislation restricting specific foods will likely be less effective at altering SNAP households’ food expenditures than legislation seeking to restrict all WIC-ineligible foods.
Abstract 5857: Isorhapontigenin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer via activating NRF2-mediated pathway

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs; ER-/PR-/HER2-) are highly aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Due to lack of these specific receptors, TNBCs cannot be treated with hormone therapies or anti-HER2 targeted therapies. Chemotherapy, combined with surgery and radiation therapy, is the primary strategy for treating TNBCs. Thus, discovery and evaluation of new alternative medications targeting triple-negative breast cancer is of tremendous importance for reducing breast cancer mortality. Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a new derivative of stilbene isolated from Chinese herb Gnetum Cleistostachyun, exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on human bladder cancers. However, its anticancer activity with respect to breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential anticancer effect of ISO on TNBCs. ISO treatment inhibited the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of 4T1 cells, a murine triple-negative breast cancer cell line, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the results from wound healing and Transwell invasion assay indicated significantly reduced cell migration and invasion in ISO-treated cells. Moreover, we performed the whole transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq to elucidate the molecules and pathways that mediate ISO9s anticancer activity. A total of 1972 differentially expressed genes were identified in ISO-treated cells. IPA analysis revealed that the top canonical pathway altered by ISO is NRF2-mediated pathway. ISO-induced NRF2 activation was further confirmed by nuclear translocation of NRF2 protein and upregulation of NRF2 downstream target genes (GSTA1, GSTM1, HMOX1, and NQO1). In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate that ISO inhibits breast cancer cell growth and invasion, in part, by activating NRF2-mediated signaling pathway. Our results provide a novel mechanism for ISO-induced anticancer effect, and strongly support ISO as a promising therapeutic agent for triple-negative breast cancers. Citation Format: Yusha Zhu, Anthony Murphy, Thomas Kluz, Bo Li, Max Costa, Chuanshu Huang, Hong Sun. Isorhapontigenin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer via activating NRF2-mediated pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5857.
How Quality Is Assessed in Insurance Markets

Healthcare quality is routinely assessed in insurance markets. Driving forces behind this assessment are interest by purchasers, patients, and policy makers who want to identify high-quality health plans or providers and at the same time understand if they are getting value from the money they spend on healthcare. Measurement and reporting of adverse events have the added benefit of driving the reductions in costly events. Quality can be measured using medical records review, patient survey, or administrative data. Within insurance markets it is generally measured using administrative data because they are readily available and place no collection burden on hospitals or medical groups. Quality is routinely measured and reported through a number of different programs sponsored by independent quality assessment organizations, payers, and provider organizations. Measurement at each the level of the health plan, facility, or clinician requires specific consideration of the relevance of the measure to the until of analysis, the representativeness of the data available and whether the available sample is large enough to produce statistically valid point estimates or comparisons across units.
Caregiving Experience of Dementia among Korean American Family Caregivers.

Dementia is a major public health problem affecting 5.5 million people in USA. This qualitative study explored the caregiving experience of Korean American (KA) families of persons with dementia (P...
Percutaneous Heart Catheterization in Infants and Children I. Catheter Placement and Manipulation with Guide Wires

This report describes in detail the materials and methods used in the authors9 laboratory for percutaneous insertion of catheters and for manipulation of catheters with guide wires in infants and children. A simple thin-walled spinal needle is used to enter femoral vessels initially. Catheter insertion is effected thereafter with the sequential uses of a guide wire, a dilator, and an end-hole catheter. Insertion of two or three catheters into a single vessel may be accomplished. In infants weighing less than 20 pounds, dilation of the vascular puncture wound may be accomplished in stages. Guide wires of different configurations are used for catheter manipulation into various cardiac structures including some which are relatively inaccessible. Guide wires are also used for catheter exchange. Angiograms of high quality may be obtained safely.
Interaction of soil boron application with leaf B concentration, root length density, and canopy size of citrus affected by Huanglongbing

AbstractGood and balanced citrus nutrition is important for high fruit yields and improved tree performance. A study was conducted for 2 years to investigate the effect of soil application of boron...
The inter-unit and inter-model reliability of GNSS STATSports Apex and Viper units in measuring peak speed over 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 meters

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the inter-unit reliability (Apex vs. Apex; Viper vs. Viper) and inter-model reliability (Apex vs. Viper) from 5 to 30 m sprinting activity. Ten team sport players (age 22 ± 1 years) were enrolled in this crossover study and performed 1271 trials (436 Apex vs. Apex, 464 Viper vs. Viper, 371 Apex vs. Viper) consisting of 5-10 m, 10-15 m, 15-20 m, and 20-30 m sprints. Inter-unit reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and coefficient of variation (CV), while between-unit and model analysis were subsequently performed to evaluate differences in Vpeak. Apex (10 Hz) units had excellent inter-unit reliability for all distances, whereas Viper (10 Hz) units had good to excellent reliability. The CV was good (< 5%) for both GNSS models. Significant differences were found in Vpeak in Sprint 5-10 = 0.13 CI (0.08, 0.182) m.s-1, Sprint 10-15 = 0.06 CI (0.01, 0.1) m.s-1, and in Sprint overall = 0.06 CI (0.03, 0.09) m.s-1. Both Viper and Apex units can consistently report Vpeak measurements since good to excellent ICC and good CV were found. However, Vpeak measurements are significantly different between models for distances less than 15 m. In conclusion, this study shows that differences exist among manufacturers' models and that the two GNSS models should not be used interchangeably to quantify Vpeak.
Intellectual Property Implications of 3D Printing of Cultural Heritage

For millennia access to tangible cultural artifacts like sculpture and paintings was determined by those possessing these objects. Their owners determined who could view these works, and certainly who could copy them through casting and other methods requiring extensive, and even physical, contact with the objects. The development of photography profoundly challenged such control, particularly over cultural artifacts that are primarily two-dimensional, like drawings and frescos. Today, anyone with an iPhone can, for example, capture within seconds, and having no contact whatever with the originals, excellent images of the stained glass of Sainte-Chappelle or paintings by Leonardo at the Louvre. The more recent development and accessibility of 3D scan and print technologies has made possible similar capture and replication of three-dimensional cultural works like sculpture, pottery, and monuments. This chapter examines how 3D technology has challenged the erstwhile control over access and copying once held by owners of three-dimensional cultural artifacts, including some of the most venerable like the Sphinx of Giza, or Michelangelo’s David, which have never enjoyed protection as works of intellectual property. We consider how 3D technology fosters an understanding of public domain three-dimensional cultural artifacts primarily as expressions of information and knowledge that should be universally and freely accessible and reproducible, not as objects owned by a particular individual or population, but as artifacts of humanity.
Competitive Pokémon Usage Tier Classification

This chapter investigates competitive Pokemon usage tier classification given a Pokemon’s stats and typing. Pokemon were classified into the usage tiers defined by the competitive battling website Pokemon Showdown based on their individual base stats, the sum of all their base stats (BST), and their number of type weaknesses and type resists. Classifications were done using Weka’s J48 decision tree, lazy IBk 1-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression algorithm. The algorithms were evaluated by the metrics of accuracy and precision. The results of this study give insight into what factors most impact a Pokemon’s use on competitive teams, and could give future insights on how Pokemon may perform as other Pokemon fall in and out of popularity, and as more Pokemon are added in future games.
Wall Boundary Layer Measurements for the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel

Measurements of the boundary layer parameters in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics tunnel were conducted during extensive calibration activities following the facility conversion from a Freon-12 heavy-gas test medium to R-134a. Boundary-layer rakes were mounted on the wind-tunnel walls, ceiling, and floor. Measurements were made over the range of tunnel operation envelope in both heavy gas and air and without a model in the test section at three tunnel stations. Configuration variables included open and closed east sidewall wall slots, for air and R134a test media, reentry flap settings, and stagnation pressures over the full range of tunnel operation. The boundary layer thickness varied considerably for the six rakes. The thickness for the east wall was considerably larger that the other rakes and was also larger than previously reported. There generally was some reduction in thickness at supersonic Mach numbers, but the effect of stagnation pressure, and test medium were not extensive.
Switching Partners in a Regulatory Tango

The coactivator CBP/p300 cooperates with the enzyme CARM1 to boost the activity of the nuclear hormone receptor transcription factors. But what is the relationship between CBP/p300 and CARM1? As Nishioka and Reinberg explain in their Perspective, new work reveals that CARM1 regulates the availability of CBP/p300 by methylating the KIX domain of this coactivator.