cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Method for Determining Total Digestible Nutrients in Grazed Forage

Summary A method is presented for the determination of the TDN content of grazed forage. The digestibility of the organic matter is determined by the chromogen ratio technique by use of the formula: D = 100 − 100 A Y B X where D is the digestion coefficient for organic matter, A and B are the organic matter per gram of dry matter in the feces and forage, respectively, and X and Y are the chromogen per gram of dry matter in the feces and forage, respectively. TDN is determined by multiplying the digestion coefficient for organic matter, D, by a conversion factor calculated by the formula: F = M ( 100 + 0.000125 E ) where M is the per cent organic matter in the dry matter of the feed and E is the ether extract as per cent of the organic matter. Data are presented in support of the validity of the method. Evidence is shown which indicates that selective grazing may be more pronounced with mature than with immature forage.
An immunochemical characterization of the phytochrome destruction reaction.

Abstract The destruction of phytochrome in etiolated oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) shoots following illumination with white light was followed both spectrophotometrically and by four immunochemical assays: quantitative radial immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, micro complement fixation, and immunocytochemistry. Antigens present in partially purified Waring Blendor extracts of light-exposed tissue, which were identifiable as phytochrome by precipitation with specific rabbit antiphytochrome sera, were found to be qualitatively identical to those obtained from similar extracts of etiolated control tissue. Material antigenically identifiable as phytochrome in both crude and partially purified extracts was found to disappear at a rate equivalent to that determined by following the loss of spectral photoreversibility in vivo. In addition, antigen detectable in situ by immunocytochemistry with the electron microscope was lost during the course of destruction. Thus, the results indicate that the in vivo phytochrome destruction reaction involves the loss of extractable phytochrome protein and, considering the loss of detectable antigen in situ, suggests that phytochrome destruction may involve a proteolytic degradation of the chromoprotein.
Part Two: The role of constitutional factors, diet, and infectious disease in the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in prehistoric infants and children.

Abstract A model of analysis incorporating methodological improvements and epidemiological refinements has been employed to investigate the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in infants and children from the Libben Site, a Late Woodland ossuary and occupation site from Ottawa County, Ohio. Results of the age‐specific intrapopulational analysis of porotic hyperostosis demonstrate that the skeletal lesion strongly fits the age‐specific distribution of hypochromic microcytic iron‐deficiency anemia in infants and children. The data indicate that the lesion is a response to nutritional stress. Similarly, our findings show that the age‐specific distribution of periosteal reactions strongly coincides with, and appears to be a response to, infectious disease as it occurs in infants and children. More importantly, survivorship and growth data indicate that porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions are strongly associated with patterns of infant and child morbidity and mortality, and ther...
Surface and Bulk-Silicon-Micromachined Optical Displacement Sensor Fabricated With the SwIFT-Lite&#8482; Process

For many micromachined sensors such as microphones and accelerometers, optical displacement sensing may have advantages over capacitive sensing-offering potentially high-displacement sensitivity independent of sensor area and gap height. A particular diffraction-based optical displacement sensor design consisting of a sensing diaphragm suspended over a rigid grated electrode has demonstrated advantages in terms of sensitivity, integration and stability. When illuminated from the backside, this structure generates a zeroth and complementary higher order diffracted beams whose intensities are modulated by the diaphragm displacement with the sensitivity of a regular Michelson interferometer. In previous work, acoustic devices surface micromachined on quartz substrates using aluminum for the diaphragm and grating were presented and characterized. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of a surface- and bulk-silicon micromachined diffraction-based optical microphone structure fabricated with Sandia National Laboratories' SwIFT-Litetrade process, which uses silicon nitride and polysilicon structural materials that have been employed extensively in MEMS and form a more thermally matched material set robust against corrosion and fatigue. The process introduces a new design space to microscale optical displacement sensing, enabling large, soft structures with perforated back-plates ideal for microphone and inertial-sensor designs
Transverse flow driven by walls oscillating along their normal

When a pipe, connected to reservoirs at both ends, is subjected to an oscillating compression and expansion, fluid is alternately squeezed into and out of the reservoirs, causing a considerable amount of dissipation. This and two other related geometries (involving a symmetrical channel, and a pair of circular disks) are analysed for their flow patterns and energy dissipation, as a function of frequency. It is found that, under certain circumstances, the impedance due to transverse flow can greatly exceed the acoustical impedance (due to longitudinal flow).
Worsening renal failure in older chronic kidney disease patients with renal artery stenosis concurrently on renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade: a prospective 50-month Mayo-Health-System clinic analysis.

Background: The current US chronic kidney disease (CKD)/end stage renal disease (ESRD) epidemic, coincident with the increasing application of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, has raised concerns of iatrogenic renal failure. The US population is an ageing one, further raising the possibility of increasing renal artery stenosis (RAS) in our patients. Current literature regarding worsening renal failure in CKD patients with RAS is based almost wholly on retrospective studies, and therefore may be poorly understood. Aim: To prospectively examine the syndrome of worsening renal failure in CKD patients with hemodynamically significant RAS concurrently on RAAS blockade. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Between September 2002 and February 2005, CKD patients, concurrently on RAAS blockade, with RAS >70% by magnetic resonance angiography, who presented with accelerated azotemia (⩾25% increase in baseline serum creatinine) were consecutively enrolled. In addition to standard nephrology care, RAAS blockade was discontinued and renal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)/stenting performed according to standard guidelines. Renal function as measured by MDRD-derived eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was monitored. Results: Twenty-six Caucasian patients were enrolled—M:F = 10:16, mean age 75.3 years. Prior duration of RAAS blockade was 20.2 months. Known risk factors were absent in 15/26. Unilateral RAS with dual kidneys was common—19/26. Five patients, with higher baseline creatinine—2.1 ± 0.6 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl, P = 0.013, progressed to ESRD; 4/5 ESRD patients died after 6.3 months. Excluding the 5 with ESRD, and 2 lost to follow-up, in 19 patients, eGFR increased from 27.8 ± 9.5 to 39.7 ± 14.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA ( P = 0.001), 26.4 months after stopping RAAS blockade. In these same 19 patients, mean arterial blood pressure improved from 100 ± 9 to 92 ± 10 mmHg, with 8 patients requiring additional antihypertensive substitutions. Renal PTA/stenting further improved eGFR in 7/9 patients. Conclusions: Contrary to previous retrospective reports, we observed that renal failure/ESRD in this older CKD patient population is common in patients with unilateral RAS lesions with dual kidneys; precipitating risk factors are often absent, and progression to ESRD with increased mortality is not infrequent. Older age, higher baseline creatinine (>2.0) and/or lower eGFR (<35) predicted ESRD. eGFR improved following discontinuation of RAAS blockade, generally. Furthermore, in selected patients, renal PTA and stent placement led to additional improvements in eGFR. Our observations call for further studies.
Dual-Mode Discrete Cosine Transform

This paper describes the band-splitting properties of the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The one-dimensional DCT, viewed as a filter, can split the filtered output into two halves, one corresponding to the low-frequency band of the input and the other to the high-frequency band of the input. In a two-dimensional case, the DCT behaves like a quadrature mirror filter. Based on the band-splitting properties of the DCT, a dual-mode image compression method has emerged. This new method is used to quantize and encode the image edges in the spatial domain and the uniform image portions in the DCT frequency domain. Analysis and simulation are included herein. Improvement of image quality by the use of this new method has been demonstrated through simulation.
Substance Use, Personality, and Inhibitors: Testing Hirschi’s Predictions About the Reconceptualization of Self-Control

Hirschi argues that self-control has not been properly measured or conceptualized in previous research. He insists that personality-based notions of self-control should be replaced with inhibitors/social bonds as the key construct, which in turn influence whether an individual considers the full range of costs associated with an antisocial behavior. This analysis supplements a small literature exploring this new conceptualization of self-control, specifically by examining substance use. The findings indicate that inhibitors/bonds do exert an effect on substance use but are not mediated by perceived costs. Furthermore, different variants of impulsivity continue to exert independent influences, with some mediated by perceived costs. Finally, perceived rewards not only influenced substance use directly but were also the most consistent mediator of inhibitors/bonds and impulsivity.
Reduction in periprocedural enzyme elevation by abciximab after rotational atherectomy of type B2 lesions: Results of the Rota ReoPro randomized trial.

Abstract Background Abciximab has been shown to reduce ischemic complications and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) elevation of both simple and complex coronary interventions. In addition to the procedural complications, one of the important mechanisms for CK-MB elevation after rotational atherectomy is an interaction between platelets and the atheromatous debris. Methods This study was conducted to determine whether abciximab would limit the extent of periprocedural CK-MB release after rotational atherectomy of American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology type B 2 lesions in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled manner. A total of 100 lesions in 100 patients were randomized with the primary end point being a CK-MB elevation of >16 U/L. Results Procedural success was achieved in 100% in the abciximab arm compared with 98% in the placebo group with any CK-MB elevation >16 U/L of 8% in the abciximab versus 22% in the placebo group ( P = .04). The peak creatine phosphokinase level (units per liter) was 102 ± 14 versus 153 ± 22 ( P = .05) and the peak CK-MB level was 12.8 ± 1.8 versus 24.6 ± 3.5 ( P = .06) between the abciximab and placebo groups, respectively. Slow-flow or postprocedure chest pain occurred in 14% in the abciximab group versus 30% in the placebo group ( P = .04). There was 1 Q-wave myocardial infarction in the placebo arm and 1 nonhemorrhagic stroke in the abciximab group. Conclusions Therefore the Rota ReoPro randomized trial revealed the benefit of abciximab during rotational atherectomy in reducing procedural morbidity and CK-MB elevation, and its routine use can be justified even in moderately complex lesions undergoing rotational atherectomy. (Am Heart J 2001;142:965-9.)
Minimum-time thermal dose control of thermal therapies

The problem of controlling noninvasive thermal therapies is formulated as the problem of directly controlling thermal dose of the target. To limit the damage to the surrounding normal tissue, the constraints on the peak allowable temperatures in the selected spatial locations are imposed. The developed controller has a cascade structure with a linear, constrained, model predictive temperature controller in the secondary loop. The temperature controller manipulates the intensity of the ultrasound transducer with saturation constraints, which noninvasively heats the spatially distributed target. The main nonlinear thermal dose controller dynamically generates the reference temperature trajectories for the temperature controller. The thermal dose controller is designed to force the treatment progression at either the actuation or temperature constraints, which is required to minimize the treatment time. The developed controller is applicable to high and low-intensity treatments, such as thermal ablation and thermoradiotherapy. The developed approach is tested using computer simulations for a one-dimensional model of a tumor with constraints on the maximum allowable temperature in the normal tissue and a constrained power output of the ultrasound transducer. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective at delivering the desired thermal dose in a near minimum time without violating constraints on the maximum allowable temperature in healthy tissue, despite significant plant-model mismatch introduced during numerical simulation. The results of in vitro and in vivo validation are reported elsewhere.
Goats and/or cattle on Mopani veld

Abstract The effects of running steers and Boer goats separately and together on animal performance and vegetational changes were studied in Mopani bushveld over a 6 year period. Over this period the steer alone treatment produced more livemass per hectare than the goat only and goat with steer treatments. The cumulative effect of the three treatments on Mopani veld was also determined in a 2 year post‐experimental period by stocking each respective treatment with the same number of steers and goats. Over this period the steers of the camps previously stocked with goats only for a 6 year period gained 26,5 kg more per steer than the steers run in camps previously stocked with steers only. The goats of the treatment previously stocked with steers gained 7,3 kg more than the goats in the treatment previously stocked with goats only. The goat treatments resulted in a marked reduction in the browse and in increased growth of grass. This phenomenon had a marked influence on the outcome of the results of the tr...
Polycystin-1 Surface Localization Is Stimulated by Polycystin-2 and Cleavage at the G Protein-coupled Receptor Proteolytic Site

Polycystin (PC)1 and PC2 are membrane proteins implicated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A physiologically relevant cleavage at PC1's G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS) occurs early in the secretory pathway. Our results suggest that PC2 increases both PC1 GPS cleavage and PC1's appearance at the plasma membrane. Mutations that prevent PC1's GPS cleavage prevent its plasma membrane localization. PC2 is a member of the trp family of cation channels and is an important PC1 binding partner. The effect of PC2 on PC1 localization is independent of PC2 channel activity, as tested using channel-inhibiting PC2 mutations. PC1 and PC2 can interact through their C-terminal tails, but removing the C-terminal tail of either protein has no effect on PC1 surface localization in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Experiments in polarized LLC-PK cells show that apical and ciliary PC1 localization requires PC2 and that this delivery is sensitive to PC2 truncation. In sum, our work shows that PC2 expression is required for the movement of PC1 to the plasma and ciliary membranes. In fibroblast cells this localization effect is independent of PC2's channel activity or PC1 binding ability but involves a stimulation of PC1's GPS cleavage before the PC1 protein's surface delivery.
Effect of Reductant Level in Skeletal Muscle and Liver on the Rate of Loss of Thiamin Due to γ-radiation

A study was made of thiamin content of the skeletal muscles and livers of pork, chicken and beef after gamma-irradiation. gamma-Radiation from a 137Cs source was used to irradiate the samples with doses of 0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 kGy at 2 degrees C. Samples were also titrated with dichlorophenol-indophenol to determine the reducing capacity of the tissues. The rate of loss of thiamin upon irradiation was found to be about three time as as fast in skeletal muscle as it was in liver, and to be a function of the reducing capacity of the tissues, the loss decreasing with increasing reductant titer. For the same amount of thiamin loss, liver could be irradiated to three times the dose as could muscle.
Is the rate of suicide among veterans elevated

The authors reflect on the suicide rate among U.S. military veterans. They suggest that there are conflicting and possibly biased research results regarding the suicide rate of U.S. military veterans. They argue that additional research needs to be conducted to find verified data on the risk of suicide among U.S. veterans.
Decoupled-voting Hamming associative memory networks

A class of high performance associative memory models are developed by generalizing the operation of the Hamming associative memory. Two models are proposed: the decoupled Hamming memory and the two-level decoupled Hamming memory. By utilizing local Hamming distance computations, these models are more amenable to practical hardware implementation on parallel machines and available accelerator boards. Simulation results indicate that the proposed associative memory models offer substantial error correction capability.
Designing with: a homeopoietic ethic for organizational change

Banathy (1996) states that it is ethical to design with others rather than for them. In this essay I explore the distinction from the perspective of complexity science and adopt the view, at least metaphorically, that human individuals and groups are complex creative systems, which under some conditions will self-organize. I argue that such phenomena are not truly autopoietic, but subject to the influence of their systemic environment, which in human terms may include respectful, caring others. Creating with can be called homeopoietic action and is a primary ethic for evolutionary guidance in many contexts and at many levels. The focus here is on change in organizations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of BED HIV-1 incidence assay in seroconverter cohorts: effect of individuals with long-term infection and importance of stable incidence.

Background: Performance of the BED assay in estimating HIV-1 incidence has previously been evaluated by using longitudinal specimens from persons with incident HIV infections, but questions remain about its accuracy. We sought to assess its performance in three longitudinal cohorts from Thailand where HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B9 dominate the epidemic. Design: BED testing was conducted in two longitudinal cohorts with only incident infections (a military conscript cohort and an injection drug user cohort) and in one longitudinal cohort (an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial cohort) that also included longterm infections. Methods: Incidence estimates were generated conventionally (based on the number of annual serocoversions) and by using BED test results in the three cohorts. Adjusted incidence was calculated where appropriate. Results: For each longitudinal cohort the BED incidence estimates and the conventional incidence estimates were similar when only newly infected persons were tested, whether infected with CRF01_AE or subtype B9. When the analysis included persons with long-term infections (to mimic a true cross-sectional cohort), BED incidence estimates were higher, although not significantly, than the conventional incidence estimates. After adjustment, the BED incidence estimates were closer to the conventional incidence estimates. When the conventional incidence varied over time, as in the early phase of the injection drug user cohort, the difference between the two estimates increased, but not significantly. Conclusions: Evaluation of the performance of incidence assays requires the inclusion of a substantial number of cohortderived specimens from individuals with long-term HIV infection and, ideally, the use of cohorts in which incidence remained stable. Appropriate adjustments of the BED incidence estimates generate estimates similar to those generated conventionally. Citation: McNicholl JM, McDougal JS, Wasinrapee P, Branson BM, Martin M, et al. (2011) Assessment of BED HIV-1 Incidence Assay in Seroconverter Cohorts:
Shortcuts for understanding rovibronic spectroscopy of ultracold alkali metal diatomic molecules

The high-resolution rovibronic spectroscopies of cold and ultracold molecules (e.g. supersonic molecular beam excitation spectra (MB), photoassociation spectra of ultracold atoms (PA), resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra (REMPI), stimulated Raman transfer (SRT) spectra) are of major current interest. This manuscript summarizes the significant level of understanding of these various spectroscopies, enabled by using simple graphical and semiclassical ideas and shortcuts. Physical realizations of these spectroscopies will be illustrated using the alkali metal diatomic molecules, both homonuclear (e.g. Rb2) and heteronuclear (e.g. KRb).
The impact of the Orphan Drug Act on drug discovery

For nearly a quarter of a century the FDA Office of Orphan Products Development has administered the US Orphan Drug Act, which assists in bringing a wide variety of drug and biological (drug) products to treat rare diseases to market. Enthusiasm for rare disease product development has been sustained, seen throughout a wide spectrum of product types and disease conditions, and has resulted in clinically meaningful medical advances. Development of programmes for rare disease treatment worldwide, coupled with the development of drugs for diseases affecting developing countries, attests to the strength of this legislation. The marketing of almost 300 products in the US for rare diseases also testifies to the depth and intensity of scientific endeavour in this area.
Religiousness/Spirituality and Anger Management in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

Mismanaged anger is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study examined whether dimensions of religiousness/spirituality could predict healthy anger management in a sample of 82 community-dwelling older Americans. A correlational research design was employed using the Deffenbacher Anger Scale and the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality. Higher scores on Forgiveness, Daily Spiritual Experiences, Religiousness/Spirituality as Coping, and Self-Ranking of Religiousness/Spirituality were correlated with healthier anger management; however forgiveness was the only significant predictor in the regression analysis. Interventions to facilitate forgiveness may promote healthy anger management and minimize the adverse health effects of mismanaged anger.
Smart Growth Planning for Climate Protection

Problem: To help achieve climate policy goals, California recently adopted measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) by promoting more efficient development. One policy, Senate Bill (SB) 3...
Help Me Help You: Suggested Guidelines for Case Presentation

In this article, the author advocates for an open and specific dialogue between MFT trainees and supervisors regarding expectations for how case material is to be discussed in supervision. Guidelines for case presentation that can enhance the quality of conversations between MFT supervisors and trainees are offered. Six content areas are explored, providing a framework for discussing cases in a way that maximizes the time trainees and supervisors spend engaged in clinical conversations.
Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis

Branching morphogenesis of the embryonic lung requires interactions between the epithelium and the mesenchyme. Previously, we reported that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcripts are present in the epithelium of the developing mouse lung, with highest levels in the terminal buds. Here, we report that transcripts of mouse patched (Ptc), the homologue of a Drosophila gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein required for hedgehog signaling, are expressed at high levels in the mesenchyme adjacent to the end buds. To investigate the function of SHH in lung development, Shh was overexpressed throughout the distal epithelium, using the surfactant protein-C (SP-C)-enhancer/promoter. Beginning around 16.5 dpc, when Shh and Ptc RNA levels are normally both declining, this treatment caused an increase in the ratio of interstitial mesenchyme to epithelial tubules in transgenic compared to normal lungs. Transgenic newborn mice die soon after birth. Histological analysis of the lungs at the light and electron microscope level shows an abundance of mesenchyme and the absence of typical alveoli. In vivo BrdU labeling indicates that Shh overexpression results in increased mesenchymal and epithelial cell proliferation at 16.5 and 17.5 dpc. However, analysis of CC-10 and SP-C expression reveals no significant inhibition in the differentiation of proximal and distal epithelial cells. The expression of genes potentially regulated by SHH was also examined. No difference could be observed between transgenic and control lungs in either the level or distribution of Bmp4, Wnt2 and Fgf7 RNA. By contrast, Ptc is clearly upregulated in the transgenic lung. These results thus establish a role for SHH in lung morphogenesis, and suggest that SHH normally regulates lung mesenchymal cell proliferation in vivo.
Fast pole filtering for speaker recognition

Mismatched training and testing conditions for speaker recognition exist when speech is subjected to a different channel for both cases. This results in diminished speaker recognition performance. Estimating and removing the channel filtering effect will make speaker recognition systems more robust. It has been shown that a reliable estimate is obtained by taking the mean of the pole filtered linear predictive (LP) cepstrum. Finding the pole filtered mean requires factorization of the LP polynomial which is computationally intensive especially for real time applications. In this paper, we examine a fast method of doing pole filtering that avoids polynomial factorization. This method is much more computationally efficient and gives equal or better performance than the conventional way of doing pole filtering. Experimental results are given for four databases having a variety of mismatched conditions.
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma oxytocin concentrations are positively correlated and negatively predict anxiety in children

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma oxytocin concentrations are positively correlated and negatively predict anxiety in children
WEAK INFLUENCES OF INITIAL CONDITIONS ON METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE TIMES

In both conservation and biological control, translocation (the human-aided release or redistribution of individuals within a landscape) is an important management tool aimed at enhancing species persistence. Metapopulation theory, which has become a focus for understanding species’ dynamics in patchy landscapes, has traditionally emphasized long-term and equilibrial dynamics rather than the consequences of a species’ initial dispersion. Here, I examine a metapopulation model with stochastic catastrophes to assess the relative influence of a species’ initial dispersion on metapopulation persistence times. My analyses reveal that, in contrast to the strong influences of patch number, reproductive rate, and dispersal rate, variation in initial dispersion often has minimal effects on metapopulation persistence. However, initial dispersion appears to be a more important factor in metapopulation persistence for systems facing extra threats at low density, such as Allee effects or demographic stochasticity. If ...
A New Dimension to the Prosecution of White Collar Crime: Enforcing Extraterritorial Social Harms

David McNab and David Pasquantino were sentenced to prison for very different crimes, but in both cases the laws of another country served as a basis for the United States prosecutions. This Article examines and analyzes the McNab and Pasquantino cases, and in this process considers the issues faced when a prosecution is premised on another country's laws. For example, a key issue in the McNab case was whether the United States correctly interpreted Honduran law. In Pasquantino, the Court struggled with the use of a generic federal statute, wire fraud, to prosecute conduct that violates the revenue laws of another country. A question explored in this Article is whether a United States prosecution should be allowed when the supposed harm caused by the criminal conduct is predominantly a harm to another country. This Article recommends that extraterritorial prosecutions, including those in the United States that use foreign law, need to give more recognition to the location of the social harm.
CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing to treat EGFR-mutant lung cancer: a personalized molecular surgical therapy

While substantial progress has been made in the treatment of lung cancer with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target tumor-driving mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), nearly all patients treated with TKIs ultimately develop drug resistance due to resistance-conferring genomic mutations. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful new technique that allows precise changes to be made to cells’ genomes. This technology is currently used widely in research laboratories, but it has yet to make an impact in the clinics. We suggest a potential exciting clinical application for this technical advance—allowing personalized, molecular surgery to correct or destroy the mutated EGFR. After detection of EGFR mutations in individual patients’ cancers from biopsy samples, the EGFR-mutant genes will be repaired or destroyed with virus-delivered CRISPR/Cas system. We demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach with examples from the most common primary and secondary EGFR mutations that are encountered. These proposed “molecular surgeries” on genomic DNA directly target the cause of the disease in a personalized and possibly permanent manner. This approach could be combined with traditional surgery, radiation therapy, or chemo/targeted therapy.
Abstract 148: Zoniporide Combined with α-Methylnorepinephrine Appears Highly Effective for Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest in a Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

Background: We have reported in rat and swine models of cardiac arrest that sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) inhibition facilitates resuscitation, ameliorates myocardial dysfunction, and improves survival. Others have reported that α-methylnorepinephrine (α-MNE) - a selective α2-adrenoreceptor agonist - is superior to epinephrine given its lack of β-agonist effects. We examined in a rat model of VF and closed-chest resuscitation the effects of combining the NHE-1 inhibitor zoniporide (ZNP) with α-MNE. Methods: VF was electrically induced in 32 male retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats and left untreated for 8 minutes after which resuscitation was attempted by an 8 minute interval of chest compression and delivery of electrical shocks. Rats were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a 3 mg/kg bolus of ZNP or 0.9% NaCl before starting chest compression and a 100 μg/kg bolus of α-MNE or its vehicle at minute 2 of chest-compressions establishing 4 groups of 8 rats each. Successfully resuscitated rats were monitored for 240 minutes. Results: The number of rats that had return of spontaneous circulation and then survived 240 min were: α-MNE(-)/ZNP(-) 4 and 2; α-MNE(-)/ZNP(+) 5 and 5; α-MNE(+)/ZNP(-) 2 and 1; and α-MNE(+)/ZNP(+) 7 and 7 yielding a statistically significant effect on overall survival times corresponding to 105 ± 114, 150 ± 124, 58 ± 108, and 210 ± 85 min, respectively (p Conclusion: We confirm a beneficial effect resulting from the combination of ZNP (given to attenuate myocardial reperfusion injury) and α-MNE (given to augment peripheral vascular resistance during chest compression without the detrimental actions of epinephrine). The proposed combination may prove to be a highly effective novel strategy for resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
Chemical Aspects of Astrophysically Observed Extraterrestrial Methanol, Hydrocarbon Derivatives, and Ions.

Astrophysically observed extraterrestrial molecular matter contains, besides hydrogen and water, methane and methanol as the most abundant species. Feasible pathways and chemical aspects of their formation as well as of derived hydrocarbon homologues and their ions (carbocations and carbanions) are discussed on the basis of observed similarities with our studied terrestrial chemistry. The preferred pathway for converting extraterrestrial methane according to Ali et al. is based on CH5+ and Olah’s related nonclassical carbonium ion chemistry. On the basis of the observed higher reactivity of methanol compared with methane in various chemical reactions, a feasible new pathway is proposed for the conversion of extraterrestrial methanol to hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and carbocations together with a possible connection with methonium ion-based chemistry.
Surface Potential and Electric Field Structure in the Aerodynamic Plasma Actuator

We present the results obtained by adapting a passive measuring technique, namely the capacitive V-dot probe, to the surface discharge mode single dielectric barrier discharge aerodynamic plasma actuator to obtain the spaceand time-varying potential at the dielectric surface. From these data, we can infer information about the longitudinal electric field in the plasma. We find that the potential at the surface is primarily determined by the deposition of charge on the surface, and only secondarily by capacitive voltage division in the actuator structure. We find that the distribution of charges on the surface settles very quickly (within one to a few AC cycles of the high voltage applied to the device) into an equilibrium configuration. We find that this equilibrium varies with the specific capacitance of the actuator and with the frequency of the applied voltage, but not with the surface properties of the dielectric material. We conclude that the equilibrium condition is driven by the necessity that the AC cycle including the "forward" and "backward" strokes of the discharge be charge neutral, even though the nature of the discharge between these two phases of the discharge is very different.
Descriptions and Records of Bees - XXIV

(1910). IV.—Descriptions and records of bees—XXIV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 5, No. 25, pp. 22-30.
Evaluation of stimulated cycles with multiple follicular development but low oocyte retrieval.

Abstract Factors that may explain a low oocyte recovery rate by laparoscopy were examined. Two different groups of women were evaluated. Group A (n = 56) had zero or one oocyte recovered, despite the aspiration of three or more follicles. Group B (n = 36), had oocytes recovered from more than 75% of punctured follicles. Group B showed significant increases in total estradiol (E2) values during the follicular phase (P less than .05), E2 peak levels (P less than .001), and number of patients with E2 rise the day after hCG administration (P less than .001) compared with group A. However, the number and size of the follicles as determined by ultrasound during the last two pre-oocyte recovery days were not significantly different. On the day of laparoscopy, there was a significant decrease in the number of follicles in group A versus B (P less than .001). In addition, the number of patients with a decrease in E2 values the day of laparoscopy was significantly higher in group A (P less than .001). Together these factors suggest an increased incidence of ovulation prior to laparoscopy in group A. The extent and severity of adhesions were graded as absent, mild or moderate, and severe. No difference was observed between groups. Moreover, comparing the number of follicles visualized before laparoscopy and the number of follicles punctured, the ovarian accessibility was not different (76.6% vs. 79.5%). This suggests that a decrease in access to the ovaries was not the cause of poor oocyte recovery. It is concluded that differences in recovery rates, then, are best attributed to the endocrine milieu of the cycle.
A PICTORIAL STUDY OF AN INVARIANT TORUS IN PHASE SPACE OF FOUR DIMENSIONS

An investigation was conducted with the aid of a computer graphics device at Goddard Space Flight Center to study the behavior of the invariant manifolds of a particular fourth-order equation, as a parameter in the equation is varied over the interval from 0 to 1. The equation consists of two coupled Van der Pol equations. For a small parameter value, the manifold is an asymptotically stable torus, where the flow on the torus is simply a rotation. As the value of the parameter is increased, the only thing that changes is the nature of the flow on the torus, which itself persists throughout the parameter variation. It is shown that ultimately the four periodic cycles which appear play a more significant part in the phase profile of the system than does the torus itself.
Pediatric Chronic Pain

Pediatric chronic pain has extensive and frequently sustained detrimental effects on the health, development and quality of life of young people, with an attendant adverse impact on all those invested in their well-being. It has long been appreciated that the optimal management of pediatric chronic pain addresses its equally important biological, psychological, and social components. Nevertheless, despite significant advances in its management, pediatric chronic pain remains underdiagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood. This discrepancy is largely due to the complexity and diversity of pediatric chronic pain and resulting clinical disconnect between its biomedical and psychosocial elements. This discussion will first present two theoretical models whose tenets and constructs form the basis and justification for a biopsychosocial approach to the management of pediatric chronic pain. The utility and perhaps the necessity of incorporating pediatric health-related quality as a multidimensional clinical measure will in turn be examined. Published biopsychosocial data on the types of pediatric patients who are typically referred to a pediatric pain medicine clinic will then be reviewed. Qualitative survey data on the pediatric chronic pain experience and its attendant personal narrative will also be reviewed in further support of its biopsychosocial nature. Finally, against the backdrop of the overall goal of multidisciplinary pediatric pain management, a brief synopsis of currently available evidence-based best practices, including biomedical and psychosocial modalities, will be provided. Potential areas for future research will lastly be highlighted.
PICO: Privacy through Invertible Cryptographic Obscuration

Signifiicant research progress has been made in intelligent imaging systems, surveillance and biometrics improving robustness, increasing performance and decreasing cost. As a result, deployment of surveillance and intelligent video systems is booming and increasing the impact of these on privacy. For many, networked intelligent video systems, especially video surveillance and biometrics, epitomize the invasion of privacy by an Orwellian "big brother:. While tens of millions in government funding have been spent on research improving video surveillance, virtually none has been invested in technologies to enhance privacy or effectively balance privacy and security. This paper presents an example that demonstrates how using and adapting cryptographic ideas and combining them with intelligent video processing, technological pproaches can provide for solutions addressing these critical trade-offs, potentially improving both security and privacy. After reviewing previous research in privacy improving technology in video systems, the paper then presents cryptographically invertible obscuration. This is an application of encryption techniques to improve the privacy aspects while allowing general surveillance to continue and allowing full access (i.e. violation ofprivacy) only with use of a decryption key, maintained by a court or other thirdparty.
FreeFlow: High Performance Container Networking

With the tremendous popularity gained by container technology, many applications are being containerized: splitting into numerous containers connected by networks. However, current container networking solutions have either bad performance or poor portability, which undermines the advantages of containerization. In this paper, we propose FreeFlow, a container networking solution which achieves both high performance and good portability. FreeFlow is designed according to the observation that strict isolations are unnecessary among containers trusting each other, and it can significantly boost the communication quality of containers by compromising isolation a little bit. Specifically, we enable containers on the same physical machine to communicate via shared-memory and the ones on different physical machines communicate via high performance networking options, e.g. RDMA and DPDK. Naively wrapping up all the solutions together will result in poor potability of containers and huge complexity in application development. Instead, FreeFlow leverages a network abstraction which supports all common network APIs and a centralized network orchestrator which decides how to deliver data transparently to applications in the containers.
Indian field notes: new institutionalism and journalism education

ABSTRACTThis paper utilizes the theoretical framework of new institutionalism and a two-year qualitative study of three Indian journalism schools to explore the manner by which influences from the organizational field of American journalism education have spread across borders. The study locates and details a system of supranational institutional carriers and finds evidence of both institutional isomorphism, whereby the Indian schools structurally emulate established American programs, and ceremonial conformity, whereby the Indian schools enact a facade of isomorphism. The findings ultimately suggest a new layer of complexity – the influence of the organizational field – be included within the larger discussion of why journalism education looks the way it does around the world.
Photodissociation Dynamics of the i-Methylvinoxy Radical at 308, 248, and 225 nm Using Fast Beam Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy.

The photodissociation dynamics of the i-methylvinoxy (CH3COCH2) radical have been studied by means of fast beam coincidence translational spectroscopy. The radical was produced by photodetachment of the i-methylvinoxide anion at 700 nm, followed by dissociation at 225 nm (5.51 eV), 248 nm (5.00 eV), and 308 nm (4.03 eV). At all three dissociation energies, the major products were found to be CH3 + CH2CO, with a small amount of CO + C2H5 produced at the higher dissociation energies. Photofragment mass distributions and translational energy distributions were recorded for each wavelength. Comparison of the mass distributions with dissociation of fully deuterated i-methylvinoxy aided the assignment of the observed channels. Electronic structure calculations were performed to determine the relative energies of minima and transition states involved in the dissociation and to aid interpretation of the experimental results. The proposed dissociation mechanism involves internal conversion from the initially excit...
Peritransplant Use of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Phototherapy Is Detrimental to Outcome of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Engraftment failure and graft versus host disease (GVHD) are major obstacles to success of non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Whole body UVB phototherapy has been used for the treatment of skin GVHD and has systemic immunosuppressive effects. In addition, extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used for treatment and prevention of GVHD. We hypothesized that whole body UVB phototherapy may have immunosuppressive effects similar to ECP and improve donor engraftment and reduce the incidence and severity of GVHD. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using UVB phototherapy initiated prior to grafting and continued until engraftment and determine its impact on transplant outcome. Eight patients median age 55.5 (range 32–65) years with hematological malignancies who were >55 years of age or had received prior autologous or allogeneic transplantation with myeloablative conditioning or had comorbid conditions that precluded their eligibility for myeloablative transplantation were included in this study. The graft source was matched related (n=5) or matched unrelated (n=3) donor allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells. All donors were male, median age (range) 59 (46–67) years. Conditioning regimen was fludarabine 30 mg/m 2 iv for 5 days (days −8 to −4); cyclophosphamide 1 g/m 2 /day iv for 2 days (days −3 to −2); equine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) 30 mg/kg/day for 2 days (days −2 to −1). GVHD prophylaxis included cyclosporine A (CSA), methylprednisolone and escalating doses of UVB to skin tolerance 3 times a week between T-10 and T+28. The conditioning regimen and the UVB phototherapy were well tolerated. Two patients received all 14 prescribed UVB (cummulative doses 2000 and 3260 mJ) and, six patients received 8–13 treatments (cummulative dose range of 528–3465 mJ). Neutrophil (>500ml) and platelet recovery (>20,000/ml) occurred in median of 13 (12–17) and 6.5 days (1–35), respectively. One patient had secondary engraftment failure and another had mixed chimerism at day 100. Seven of eight patients developed severe acute GVHD, Grade III (n=5) and IV (n=2). Six had skin, 5 had GI and 1 had liver involvement. Four patients died from sepsis (n=2), acute GVHD (n=1), or chronic GVHD (n=1). The protocol was closed early due to high severe GVHD rate (87.5%, 95%CI: 60–92%) that satisfied the early-stopping rule. Four patients are alive (130–287 days), 2 without GVHD or relapse. We conclude that addition of peritransplant UVB phototherapy using the standard minimally erythemogenic protocol is detrimental to outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is unclear how UVB phototherapy at immunsupressive doses might have altered skin and systemic cytokine and immune cell composition in the host and increased the incidence of GVHD and the treatment related mortality. Therefore although other phototherapeutic modalities may be effective against GVHD, UVB therapy is not recommended during early phases of reduced conditioning allogeneic transplantation.
Mechanism of functional interaction between potassium channel Kv1.3 and sodium channel NavBeta1 subunit

The voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily A member 3 (Kv1.3) dominantly expresses on T cells and neurons. Recently, the interaction between Kv1.3 and NavBeta1 subunits has been explored through ionic current measurements, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. We explored the functional interaction between Kv1.3 and NavBeta1 through gating current measurements using the Cut-open Oocyte Voltage Clamp (COVC) technique. We showed that the N-terminal 1-52 sequence of hKv1.3 disrupts the channel expression on the Xenopus oocyte membrane, suggesting a potential role as regulator of hKv1.3 expression in neurons and lymphocytes. Our gating currents measurements showed that NavBeta1 interacts with the voltage sensing domain (VSD) of Kv1.3 through W172 in the transmembrane segment and modifies the gating operation. The comparison between G-V and Q-V with/without NavBeta1 indicates that NavBeta1 may strengthen the coupling between hKv1.3-VSD movement and pore opening, inducing the modification of kinetics in ionic activation and deactivation.