cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proactive Longitudinal Control to Manage Disruptive Lane Changes of Human-Driven Vehicles in Mixed-Flow Traffic

Abstract Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can be leveraged to enable cooperative platooning control to alleviate traffic oscillations. However, in the near future, CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) will coexist on roads, creating a mixed-flow traffic environment. In mixed-flow traffic, CAV platoons would inevitably encounter lane changes by HDVs in adjacent lanes. These lane changes can generate disturbances and oscillations upstream, jeopardizing the performance of platooning control. Hence, it is necessary to explore the interactions between CAVs and HDVs in the lane-change process, to analyze how CAVs can be used to manage disruptive lane changes of HDVs in mixed-flow traffic. This study proposes deep reinforcement learning-based proactive longitudinal control for CAVs to counteract disruptive HDV lane-change behaviors that can induce disturbances, such that the smoothness of traffic flow can be preserved in the platooning control process. Results from numerical experiments suggest that CAVs controlled by the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the occurrence of disruptive lane-change maneuvers of HDVs to improve string stability performance in mixed-flow traffic. Further, the reliability of the proposed control strategy for different HDV driver types is illustrated.
An Operational All-Weather Wind Speed from AMSR2

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) on board the Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W) launched in May 2012 by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is acquiring electromagnetic radiation from the Earth for the purpose of monitoring its environmental and climate system. Among a suite of oceanic environmental data records (EDR), the Ocean Surface Winds Team of the Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) group at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed an all-weather wind speed (AWS) by exploiting AMSR2 brightness temperature (Tb) measurements. The new product provides wind speeds in normal and extreme weather conditions with minimal flagging and excellent accuracy. Validation results of this novel AMSR2 AWS product, represented in this paper, show a mean bias of 0 m/s and an rms error < 2 m/s when compared to numerical weather models under all weather conditions.
Integration of methyldibenzothiophene and pyrolysis techniques to determine thermal maturity in sulfur-rich Type II-S source rocks and oils

Abstract Isomer ratios between certain polycyclic aromatic compounds in produced oils and bitumen extracts change according to the maturity of the source rock, similar to results obtained from visual vitrinite reflectance and pyrolysis. For example, empirical relationships between methyldibenzothiophene (MDBT) and methylphenanthrene compounds correlate to these parameters. However, isomer ratios and their corresponding empirical relationships are not universally applicable. Their concentrations are source-specific, influenced by maceral type, and change with the kinetics of the source rock that is generating the hydrocarbon. The organosulfur content in kerogen can strongly affect the kinetics by lowering the activation energy, resulting in the generatation of hydrocarbons at lower temperatures than other source rocks. This can cause uncertainty in the calibration of basin models for predicting the timing of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and migration, especially for Type II-S sources. Presented are the results of a study conducted on Type II-S carbonate organofacies from the United States and the Middle East that integrates the MDBTs extracted from bitumen and measured in produced oil with other ancillary maturity indicators. The MDBT isomers show a correlation between Tmax and hydrogen index that allows for the development of maturity models to accurately predict a %Ro equivalent from immature to condensate/wet gas maturity. Results indicate the often-utilized empirical equations developed from the methylphenanthrenes are not applicable for determining maturity of marine Type II-S organofacies. Instead, the MDBT-HI and MDBT-Tmax methods provide more reliable estimates of maturity for the Type II-S, marine carbonate organofacies to aid in validating basin model predictions for hydrocarbon generation.
Hemorrhage During Induction Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma: Additional Risk Factors in High-Risk Patients

Background Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor in children. Patients affected by neuroblastoma are stratified into low, intermediate, and high risk in terms of event-free and overall survival. Some high-risk patients have an additional risk of acute hemorrhagic complications during induction chemotherapy. Aim To find easily and rapidly assessed parameters that help clinicians identify those patients affected by high-risk neuroblastoma who have an additional risk of hemorrhagic complications. Methods The clinical notes of patients diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma from January 2013 until February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data, biological characteristics of the tumor, and information about treatment and hospital stay were identified. Results In the examined period, 44 patients were diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma. Four of these patients had hemorrhagic complications within 2 to 7 days after the initiation of induction chemotherapy; two patients had hemothorax, one patient had hemoperitoneum and one patient had hemothorax and hemoperitoneum. The patient with isolated hemoperitoneum was treated with blood components transfusions, clotting factors and colloids infusions; the three patients with hemothorax underwent thoracostomy tube placement and respiratory support. At initial presentation, patients who suffered from hemorrhagic complications had a higher degree of hypertension (stage 2, p = 0,0003), higher levels of LDH (median 3745 U/L, p = 0,009) and lower levels of hemoglobin (mean 7.6 gr/dl, p = 0,0007) compared to other high-risk patients. Conclusions: A subgroup of “additional” high-risk patients can be identified within the high-risk neuroblastoma patients based on mean arterial pressure, LDH levels and hemoglobin levels at presentation. Further studies to define cut-off values and optimal management strategies for these patients are needed.
Conditional Manifold Learning

This paper addresses a problem called "conditional manifold learning", which aims to learn a low-dimensional manifold embedding of high-dimensional data, conditioning on auxiliary manifold information. This auxiliary manifold information is from controllable or measurable conditions, which are ubiquitous in many science and engineering applications. A broad class of solutions for this problem, conditional multidimensional scaling (including a conditional ISOMAP variant), is proposed. A conditional version of the SMACOF algorithm is introduced to optimize the objective function of conditional multidimensional scaling.
Chapter 8 – Alignment, Tooling, and Angle Tracking

This chapter discusses the position-sensitive detectors that are required for applications requiring measurement of the position of a laser beam. It describes the use of lasers for alignment applications known as “tooling.” One of the most common applications of lasers in industry arises in the solution of the alignment problems, in which knowledge of the displacement from a reference line or plane is required. Such applications are made possible by the unusual properties of the laser radiation. The most important properties are: the directionality of the beam, and the high radiance. The most practical laser systems for alignment have employed He–Ne lasers, typically at power levels around 1–5 mW. The orange-red beam from such a laser is easy to detect. It is not necessary to use lasers with higher power. The He–Ne laser is thus reliable and inexpensive, and has become the laser of choice for alignment applications in which a visible beam is required with modest power.
Chapter 12 – Autism

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that autism is one of the most controversial of all disorders evident in the pediatric population. Treatment of the symptoms of autism is different than the treatment of the other disorders, and no medications or naturopathic compounds have been shown to be effective in addressing all symptoms of autism. However, since children and adolescents with autism commonly exhibit symptoms that resemble those seen in other disorders, clinicians can attempt treating various symptom groups with compounds that have previously been shown to be effective in the pediatric population. Autism was presumed to represent a childhood version of schizophrenia, and symptoms of autism were thought to be similar to those of adult schizophrenia.
Repair of Environmental Lung Injury During Development

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the repair of environmental injury in normal, full term postnatal lung after exposure to environmental toxicants and compares it to adult lung. 'Repair' is defined as all the processes that are involved in resolving an injury, and includes both cellular and acellular components. Several factors may influence both susceptibility and the capability of the lung to properly repair injury. The alterations seen in repair of the developing lung following exposure to environmental toxicants may be due to a temporary or permanent disruption of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit resulting in either an inability to heal the initial wound or disruption of critical morphogenic events. Many factors regulate the repair process following injury by P450-mediated toxicants, including various soluble cytokines and growth factors, interactions with integrins and matrix elements as well as cell-cell interactions. Various studies have demonstrated that when the developing lung does not repair, abnormalities may persist into adulthood. Acute ozone toxicity generates a reversible lesion without a defined long-term pathology but involving a substantial inflammatory cell response. Repair following acute injury is characterized by both proliferation and ciliary regeneration detectable in the surviving cells 24 h after exposure. In case of ozone exposure in adults, the overall response is characterized by a large influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. This influx is predominately neutrophils in the early phase while elevated macrophages persist throughout exposure.
A Numerical Modeling Framework for Cohesive Sediment Transport Driven by Waves and Tidal Currents

Abstract : The long term goal of this research is to develop a robust multi-phase, multi-class numerical modeling framework for both cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in the fluvial, estuarine and coastal environments. This study specifically focuses on numerical modeling of critical processes at small-scale. Specific objectives are 1. To develop turbulence-resolving numerical model of fine sediment transport in the oscillatory boundary layer in order to understand how turbulence-sediment interactions can determine fluid mud transport and the state of muddy seabed. 2. To develop a two-dimensional-vertical (2DV) numerical model based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and volume of fluid method for free-surface tracking to study mechanisms causing landward and seaward fine sediment transport in inter-tidal zones. 3. To understand the competing effects between mud dissipation and shoaling in determining the resulting nonlinear wave propagation using a 2DV-RANS model for wave-mud interactions.
Hermite-like reduction method for linear phase perfect reconstruction filter bank design

Complete parametrization of multiband linear phase biorthogonal filter banks are given. The method uses matrix reduction methods similar to the Hermite reduction method of linear system theory. Computational algorithms are derived for design, and examples are worked out.
Fifty Years of Classification and Regression Trees

Fifty years have passed since the publication of the first regression tree algorithm. New techniques have added capabilities that far surpass those of the early methods. Modern classification trees can partition the data with linear splits on subsets of variables and fit nearest neighbor, kernel density, and other models in the partitions. Regression trees can fit almost every kind of traditional statistical model, including least-squares, quantile, logistic, Poisson, and proportional hazards models, as well as models for longitudinal and multiresponse data. Greater availability and affordability of software (much of which is free) have played a significant role in helping the techniques gain acceptance and popularity in the broader scientific community. This article surveys the developments and briefly reviews the key ideas behind some of the major algorithms.
Evidence for the Specialness of the "Baby Talk" Register:

Ninety-one high school students watched, heard, and/or read communications addressed to children, adults, foreigners, or mentally retarded adults, and rated the speakers along 10 dimensions, including friendliness, concern, competence, and dominance. Stimulus materials portrayed only the speakers; hence, subjects had no information about the type of listener who was being addressed. Factor analyses of the 10 ratings made of the communications addressed to each of the four listener types revealed, in addition to a warmth factor, a controllingness factor, and a tension factor, a special "baby talk" factor. That is, judgments of communications addressed to children, made on a variety of different dimensions, were more highly related to each other than to the same judgments made about the communications addressed to the three other kinds of listeners. Particular listener characteristics that might elicit special communicative styles were discussed. It was speculated that sensitivity to subtle linguistic varia...
Skills matter: a tale of the anxious online shopper

In this study we investigate the effects of user skill and task challenge on online shoppers' experiences. We use a model suggested by flow theory in which shoppers are grouped into four categories (flow, anxiety, boredom, and apathy) based on their perceptions of task challenge and their skill in performing an online shopping task. Results show that anxious shoppers have lower perceptions of the dimensions of flow, believe online shopping websites are less useful, and believe they are less likely to use the system in the future compared to the other three groups of online shoppers.
Robust Control Designed by Composition of Lyapunov Functions

A new method of designing a robust control law is proposed for a general class of nonlinear or linear systems with bounded uncertainties. The method uses the property that the Lyapunov function is not unique for a stable or stabilizable system. It is shown that the proposed control law normally guarantees the stability of the system if there are two Lyapunov functions whose null sets have a trivial intersection. The results require no knowledge about the structure and size of the input-unrelated uncertainties. Moreover, it is shown that asymptotic stabilisation of the nominal system is not necessarily required in this method.
Semipolar $({\hbox{20}}\bar{{\hbox{2}}}\bar{{\hbox{1}}})$ InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes for High-Efficiency Solid-State Lighting

This work examines the effects of polarization-related electric fields on the energy band diagrams, wavelength shift, wave function overlap, and efficiency droop for InGaN quantum wells on various crystal orientations, including polar (0001) (c -plane), semipolar (2021), semipolar (2021), and nonpolar (1010) (m-plane). Based on simulations, we show that the semipolar (2021) orientation exhibits excellent potential for the development of high-efficiency, low-droop light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We then present recent advancements in crystal growth, optical performance, and thermal performance of semipolar (2021) LEDs. Finally, we demonstrate a low-droop, high-efficiency single-quantum-well blue semipolar (2021) LED with an external quantum efficiency of more than 50% at 100 A/cm2.
Molecular imaging and radioimmunoguided surgery

Molecular imaging comprises a series of diagnostic modalities that provide information on the physiology and molecular composition of cells and tissues. One of these modalities, radioimmunodetection, uses radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to image tissues. Two radioimmunodetection modalities are described in this article: immunoscintigraphy and radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS). In immunoscintigraphy, the radioactivity is measured with the use of an external gamma camera and used to create images. In RIGS, the radioactivity is detected intraoperatively with the use of a handheld gamma probe to help the surgeon detect foci of otherwise occult disease. Both techniques have the potential to improve the preoperative and intraoperative localization of cancer. Multiple studies have been performed on the efficacy of RIGS on different malignancies, especially colorectal cancer. Despite the good sensitivity of the technique, some concerns revolve around the high rate of false positives and the real significance of leaving RIGS-positive tissue behind in terms of long-term outcomes and survival. More studies are warranted to further develop the technique and determine the specific role it will play on the diagnosis and management of surgical disease. Surgeons should actively participate in these studies and in expanding the applications of this promising technology.
Piebaldism, Waardenburg syndrome, and related disorders of melanocyte development

Recent years have seen the identification of a complex network of interacting genes that regulates embryonic development of melanocytes, and many different genetic disorders of melanocyte development of both humans and the laboratory mouse have now been associated with abnormalities of these regulatory genes. Disorders of melanocyte development are characterized by heterogeneous distribution of pigmentation, so-called 'white spotting,' typified by piebaldism and Waardenburg syndrome. It is now clear that these disorders of pigment cell development represent a subgroup of the neurocristopathies, involving defects of various neural crest cell lineages that include melanocytes, but also involving many other tissues derived from the neural crest.
Wittgenstein and Descriptive Theology

‘The work of the philosopher consists in assembling reminders for particular purposes.’Among the many purposes for which Wittgenstein assembled reminders, the deeper understanding of the religious life would have to qualify as one. Though on first reading this would hardly seem obvious, I hope to make this abundantly clear through an examination of his later literature. There are two ways in which he sheds light on religious issues: first, by the personal passion of his own life and the forthright display of intellectual integrity expected of any professional thinker toward any discipline (this I take to be of particular importance for the theologian or religious thinker), and, second, by making his philosophical investigations descriptive. Any analysis of religious issues or the understanding of the religious life should involve the high degree of personal integrity and the rigorously descriptive method which Wittgenstein makes apparent throughout his writing.
Polycrystalline silicon ring resonator photodiodes in a bulk complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process.

We present measurements on resonant photodetectors utilizing sub-bandgap absorption in polycrystalline silicon ring resonators, in which light is localized in the intrinsic region of a p+/p/i/n/n+ diode. The devices, operating both at λ=1280 and λ=1550 nm and fabricated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) dynamic random-access memory emulation process, exhibit detection quantum efficiencies around 20% and few-gigahertz response bandwidths. We observe this performance at low reverse biases in the range of a few volts and in devices with dark currents below 50 pA at 10 V. These results demonstrate that such photodetector behavior, previously reported by Preston et al. [Opt. Lett.36, 52 (2011)], is achievable in bulk CMOS processes, with significant improvements with respect to the previous work in quantum efficiency, dark current, linearity, bandwidth, and operating bias due to additional midlevel doping implants and different material deposition. The present work thus offers a robust realization of a fully CMOS-fabricated all-silicon photodetector functional across a wide wavelength range.
High performance single crystal silicon liquid crystal light valve with good image uniformity

This paper is composed of two distinct portions. In the first part, we introduce modified versions of the Hughes silicon liquid crystal light valve with wavefront distortions of better than λ/4, a resolution of 16 line pairs/mm at 50% modulation concurrent with a contrast ratio of 20:1. In the second portion, we present the results and analysis of a thorough study of the dependence of the performance of this device on its various operating parameters. The contrast ratio of this device was found to be very sensitive to the accumulation phase voltage and pulse width of the driving waveform, while the resolution is strongly dependent on the depletion phase pulse width.
Misorientation defects in coalesced self-catalyzed GaN nanowires

Abstract The coalescence of self-catalyzed GaN nanowires grown on Si substrates has been examined in order to identify the cause of coalescence and to characterize the defect structures resulting from it. Coalescence is found to occur due to both nanowire crystallographic misalignment and initial nanowire proximity independent of the growth conditions. Defects occasionally result from coalesced nanowires, and the root cause of defect creation is found to be crystallographic misorientation between the nanowires. Several different defect structures are identified, and the types of defects that may form are found to depend on the degree of that misorientation. In the most extreme cases “zipper”-like arrays of dislocations and stacking faults were observed.
Notes on calycophyllous Rubiaceae. Part IV. The monotypic Brazilian genus Blandibractea Wernham is a Simira (Rondeletieae)

The identity ofBlandibractea (based solely on flowering material) has never been questioned, and it has always been referred to as a monotypic genus included in the tribe Rondeletieae. Morphological comparisons have revealed thatB. brasiliensis is synonymous withSimira glaziovii (K. Schum.) Steyerm. In addition, what Wernham called the “Schau-Apparat” made of “modified bracts, the calyx-lobes being approximately equal” (an erroneous observation repeated by recent authors), is here shown to consist of calycophylls inserted on aborted flowers. A complete description and illustrations of this species are provided.
Gas Turbine Installations

This paper outlines the planning which led to the installation of gas turbines in the Delmarva Power & Light Co. electric system. The units are briefly described and data collected from operating and maintenance records of the company are presented showing the degree of reliability, operating and maintenance costs, and major causes of maintenance of four units.Copyright © 1968 by ASME
Temperature and Humidity Controlled Nephelometry: Improvements and Calibration

An aerosol sampling instrument that measures the light scattering extinction coefficient of submicrometer aerosol particles under controlled relative humidity and temperature conditions has been improved. The instrument has the capability to detect and quantify the sulfate ion mass concentration and the ammonium-to-sulfate molar ratio of aerosols by analysis of the aerosol's thermal decomposition profile, hygroscopic characteristics, and reactivity with gaseous NH3. As a result of the addition of a preheater-cooler assembly and improvements in the instrument's humidifier, heater, and cooler, sulfate ion mass concentration can be quantified at 0.5 μg/m3 with a 30-min averaging time. Also, the ammonium-to-sulfate molar ratio can be determined over a range from 0.0 to 2.0 with a precision of 0.2. The system was also calibrated to determine its response and sensitivity to aerosol particulate composition, relative humidity, thermal pretreatment, ammonia injection, and aerosol particle size.
Two p3 variations of Lucas' Theorem

In 1878 Lucas established a method of computing binomial coefficients modulo a prime. We establish the following variations of Lucas' Theorem. If n, r, n0, and r0 are non-negative integers, p ≥ 5 is prime, and n0, r0 are less than p, then nprp≡nr (modp3 and np3+n0rp3+r0≡nrn0r0 (modp3
Critical dynamics in the two-dimensional XY-model

Abstract We present the first high resolution spin dynamics simulation of critical dynamics in the classical, two-dimensional XY -model. Using square lattices as large as 204 × 204 with periodic boundaries, we integrate coupled equations of motion and determine the scattering function S ( q , ω). At the critical temperature we find a rich structure which is not adequately described by existing theory.
BIOASSAY OF FOWL LEUKOSIS VIRUS IN CHICKENS BY THE INOCULATION OF 11-DAY-OLD EMBRYOS.

Abstract Comparative assays of leukosis strains RPL 12, RPL 25, RPL 26, and RPL 29 were conducted by the intravenous inoculation of 11-day-old embryos and 14-day-old chickens. Most of the inoculated embryos hatched were held for a postinoculation period of 46 days. Chickens inoculated at 14 days were held to 77 days postinoculation. The primary specific neoplasm induced was erythroblastosis. Some of the chickens inoculated as embryos also developed fibrosarcomas, endotheliomas, nephromas, and hemorrhages. Quantal responses in terms of probits were related directly to the dose of virus, a straight line most nearly fitting the data. Equivalent responses were higher in the embryo inoculations than in the chicken inoculations by 2.0 log 10 dilution for three strains and 0.7 log 10 dilution for one strain. Thus when embryos are inoculated, lower levels of virus will cause a significant incidence of erythroblastosis than when chicks are inoculated.
Genomics of human dysmorphogenesis

A survey of Mendelean Inheritance in Man emphasizes the large Mendelian contribution to human dysmorphogenesis and contrasts single gene conditions with chromosomal disorders. There were 1761 conditions that involved altered morphogenesis (49% of disease entries), including 1040 multiple defect syndromes and 721 inherited single birth defects
Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) nest ichnofossils from the upper triassic chinle formation, petrified forest national park, Arizona

A fossil nest (calie), including chambers and galleries (runaways), from the lower part of the Petrified Forest Member of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, is similar to nests constructed by modern primitive termites (Insecta: Isoptera), which reflect cooperation in nest construction typical of complex social behavior. A new ichnogenus and ichno‐species, Archeoentomichnus metapolypholeos, is proposed for the distinctive ichnofossil that may represent the efforts of a social caste system in primitive termites. The Late Triassic (Late Carnian) nest also may represent the earliest known fossil evidence of Isoptera (termites) and is suggestive of the antiquity of social behavior among insects. Social behavior in insects, including termites, was previously thought to have evolved in the Early Cretaceous in conjunction with the evolutionary radiation of angiosperms. Because the fossil and ichnofossil record of insects and organisms suggested to be insects dates back...
Control And Alignment Of The Hubble Space Telescope

The optics within the Hubble Space Telescope consist essentially of a primary and secondary mirror. Measurements from three wavefront sensors are telemetered to the ground where a series of computations are made to determine whether the telescope is performing within specifications. If not, optimum secondary mirror realignment parameters are computed based on the aberrations present in the wavefront. The mirror support structure is held at three places by six links. Position adjustment is made by independently extending or withdrawing each of the links. These six actuators are small angular motion stepping motor drives with eccentric output shafts. Rotation of the shaft produces a displacement of the link as a function of the actuator shaft angle. The angle is determined from the output of a potentiometer coupled to the actuator output shaft or by counting the number of steps taken since launch. This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the secondary mirror control structure. It describes a geometrical model which permits a calculation of all six actuator positions given the position of the secondary mirror, and the calculation of the secondary mirror position, given the angular position of the six secondary mirror actuators. A series of tests for validating the model is described. In these tests mirror positions predicted by the model were compared with actual positions measured by test instrumentation. These tests demonstrate conclusively that the mirror can be accurately positioned within require-ments in a few iterations.
Multifunction transducer for obtaining digital volume pulse, skin-resistance response and electrocardiogram.

A multifunction transducer for obtaining the digital photoplethysmogram, skin-resistance response and electrocardiogram is described. The importance of the time constant in photoplethysmography is illustrated and discussed. Simultaneous digital photoplethysmographic recordings of the pulsatile volume and vasomotor changes were obtained using direct coupling and various time constants. Results indicate that, when compared to direct-coupled recordings, only a 5% loss in amplitude occurs in the pulsatile volume and a 25% loss in the amplitude of the vasomotor response recorded with a 3 s time constant. A 25 s time constant results in only a 5% loss in the vasomotor amplitude and a faithful reproduction of pulsatile volume. Obviously, the clearest reproduction of vasomotor change occurs with a direct-coupled recording. Although the use of a 3 s time constant prevents faithful reproduction of the vasomotor response, it permits the identification of changes in pulsatile volume. It is recommended that investigators interested in both pulsatile-volume and vasomotor changes use separate recording channels with time constants of 3 s and one with direct coupling. If direct coupling cannot be used for recording vasomotor responses, a time constant in excess of 25 s is required.
Crustal structure from three-dimensional gravity modeling of a metamorphic core complex: A model for uplift, Santa Catalina–Rincon mountains, Arizona

Gravity modeling shows that the observed fluctuations in gravity over the Catalina-Rincon metamorphic core complex of southeastern Arizona are caused primarily by shallow crustal density contrasts. The Wilderness suite granites, the probable source of a 20-mgal low over the central part of the core complex, may extend to depths of 7–12 km below the surface. Seismic refraction information is consistent with the existence of a deep crustal root under the Catalina-Rincon core complex. We hypothesize that the voluminous Wilderness suite granites are related to a crustal thickening event that built the root in early Tertiary time. Modeling of flexural isostatic uplift, resulting from an excess crustal root, predicts two episodes of uplift for the Catalina-Rincon metamorphic core complex: (1) low-relief flexural uplift in the middle Tertiary and (2) complete uplift precipitated by high-angle Basin and Range faulting at 10–15 Ma. The uplift and exposure of core complexes, therefore, can be an isostatically driven process that occurs in regions of locally thickened crust.
Labor markets and adjustment in open Asian economies : the Republic of Korea and Malaysia

This article deals with the adjustment following external shocks in two open Asian economies: the Republic of Korea and Malaysia. There were important differences in the economic structure of the two countries as well as significant differences in the way external events produced crises that interrupted their dynamic economic growth. Detailed analyses of economic cycles in the two decades preceding 1987-88 show that the behavior of factor markets, particularly the markets for labor and foreign exchange, helped Korea to adjust quickly to the shocks but in Malaysia actually caused the crisis to deepen. For economies heavily dependent on exports, the unit cost of labor in dollars is of central importance as an index of the competitiveness of exports and hence of their ability to mount a sustained recovery after a difficult period. Accordingly, the heart of the analysis is the determination of the unit cost of labor and the factors affecting its change throughout the cycles. Concentration on this critical variable helps to spotlight the crucial differences in the factor markets of the two economies.
MABDOSE. II: Validation of a general purpose dose estimation code.

The MABDOSEsoftware represents a general tool to assess internal radiation dose. A suite of tests are described that validate the dosimetry system’s implementation. Methods: The validation suite is divided among tests that verify target digitalization, tumor digitalization and organ replacement, cumulated activity calculation, random number generation, radiation transport, and dose calculation. Results: A comparison between Reference Man organ volumes and MABDOSEorgan volumes at (5 mm)3 resolution demonstrates volume correspondence within 10% save for ten organs having dimensions smaller than the target lattice resolution. An accounting of normal organ volume replaced by an arbitrary tumor volume indicates mass is conserved. A comparison between cumulated activities generated by MABDOSE and solutions obtained analytically demonstrates exact correspondence for curve-fitting algorithms. For mathematical modeling algorithms, cumulated activity solutions converge to their correct values provided sufficient data of high precision are input, accompanied by reasonable initial estimates of rate constants. A comparison of MABDOSE results with the MIRD 3 report demonstrates good agreement (<8% difference) in absorbed fractions for spheres at energies from 20 keV to 2.75 MeV. A comparison of MABDOSE results with the Cristy–Eckerman report demonstrates marginal agreement (specific absorbed fractions within a factor of 2 for all Reference Man organs) at simulation energies of 20, 50, and 100 keV. Lack of exact correspondence is attributed to volume digitalization errors, and to differences in cross-section libraries, interpolation schemes between cross-section data points, and random number generators. Finally, the doses reported by MABDOSE correspond to the correct algebraic combination of paired cumulated activities and “S” values. Conclusions: The MABDOSE program has been validated as a general purpose computation tool for use in internal radionuclide dosimetry.
Connexin45 interacts with zonula occludens-1 in osteoblastic cells

Connexin43 (Cx43) and Cx45 are co-expressed in a number of different tissues. Studies demonstrated that Cx45 transfected ROS (ROS/Cx45) cells, were less permeable to low molecular weight dyes than untransfected ROS cells, that have gap junctions made of Cx43. This suggests that there may be a functionally important interaction between Cx43 and Cx45 in these cells. One way in which these proteins may interact is by associating with the same set of proteins. In order to isolate connexin interacting proteins, we isolated Cx45 from Cx45 transfected ROS cells (ROS/Cx45 cells) under mild detergent conditions. These studies showed that Cx45 co-purified with the tight junction protein, ZO-1. Immunofluorescence studies of ROS/Cx45 cells simultaneously stained with polyclonal Cx45 antibody and a monoclonal ZO-1 antibody showed that Cx45 and ZO-1 colocalized in ROS/Cx45 cells. Furthermore we found that ZO-1 could bind to peptides derived from the carboxyl terminal of Cx45 that had been covalently bound to an agarose resin. These data suggests that Cx45 and ZO-1 directly interact in ROS/Cx45 cells.
Digitizing Graphic Records For Computer Analysis

A method for digitizing graphic records is presented. First, the TRACER is described. This electromechanical device is used on-line with a digital computer (LINC) having analog-to-digital input channels. As the stylus on the TRACER is moved over the record to be digitized, its position is indicated by a unique set of resistance values. These are converted to voltages which are forwarded to the computer as (X, Y) coordinate values. The computer stores these values, operates on them and displays the converted record on an on-line oscilloscope. Associated computer programs are discussed as well as applications. A section on errors and a comparison with presently available methods is included.
Characteristics of the residential environment scale: Reliability and differential relationship to neighborhood satisfaction in divergent neighborhoods

Two divergent neighborhoods were sampled to assess the ability of the Characteristics of the Residential Environment Scale (CRE) to discriminate between them and to determine the CRE's relationship to satisfaction in each neighborhood. The CRE taps present perceptions and preferences of the physical and social aspects of a neighborhood. A separate sample population was used to assess test-retest reliability. Results indicated that the CRE was a relatively stable instrument. All modes of measurement in the CRE (i.e., perceived, preferred, and the discrepancy between the two) discriminated between neighborhoods; and within modes, social and physical, all but social preferences distinguished between neighborhoods. The inclusion of preference and discrepancy scores contributed significantly to the prediction of neighborhood satisfaction. The predictors are different in the two neighborhoods, suggesting that satisfaction had different meaning to the residents of each neighborhood. Overall, the results indicated good reliability for CRE and supported its continued use in investigations of the residential environment.
Genetic structuring in three closely related circumpolar plant species: AFLP versus microsatellite markers and high-arctic versus arctic-alpine distributions.

Genetic structuring in three closely related circumpolar plant species: AFLP versus microsatellite markers and high-arctic versus arctic–alpine distributions
Parallel Mediation: Ordering the Chaos of Multiparty Mediation

Abstract The proliferation of actors in the business of making peace has led to an increase in the frequency of multiparty mediations, with both positive and negative consequences. The purpose of this article is to simplify the complexity that often accompanies multiparty mediations by applying the structuralist and social-psychological dichotomy of negotiations to a model of parallel mediation. I propose that coupling structuralist and social-psychological mediations together in a parallel mediation can leverage the respective strengths of each to more effectively find a negotiated solution. Given the fiscal and political realities facing peacemakers, finding ways to increase the frugality and simplicity of cooperation between mediators is essential. The limited cooperation needed in parallel mediations does just that. This article analyzes how the parallel mediation model has been applied to two conflicts, the intrastate Tajik civil war and the interstate Ecuador-Peru border dispute. This analysis identifies five characteristics that were observed in these two successful examples of parallel mediation, and serves as a starting point for additional research.
HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF THE TONKAWA CREEK FLOOD ABATEMENT PROGRAM

: Floodwater-retarding impoundments, controlling 68 percent of the drainage area of Tonkawa Creek, a Washita River tributary in southwestern Oklahoma, have reduced the total flow volume about 36 percent over a 5-year period. Analyses showed the reduction occurred primarily in the less-than-2.5-cfs flow range, indicating the base flow regime has been altered. However, channelizing the downstream, mild-sloped, 3.6 miles of Tonkawa Creek that flows across a Washita River terrace increased the flow volume fourfold at the outlet. A double-masscurve analysis of water yield from a 1,127-square-mile Washita basin segment versus an untreated tributary showed the yield has not changed after 25 percent of the tributary area had been treated. Therefore, the flow reduction caused by structures is being offset by increased yields from channelization.
The Effects of Causal Attributions on Decision Makers' Responses to Performance Downturns

Understanding organizations' responses to performance downturns requires understanding decision makers' attributions of causality. Drawing on Weiner's causal attribution model, this paper presents a framework for categorizing causal attributions and relates them to internal and external response strategies. Characteristics of downturns, organizations, and decision makers that influence attributions and the dynamics of attributions are discussed.
Serial subculture and relative transport of human endothelial cells in serum-free, defined conditions.

Endothelial cells bind, process, and transport bioactive molecules and thus provide an interactive interface between the plasma and adjacent tissues. Various hormones and factors induce endothelial cells to synthesize and secrete interactive factor. However, study of endothelial cell synthesis, processing, and transport of these bioactive molecules has been impeded because of the serum requirement for cell growth. Many of these bioactive molecules are derived from or are modified by serum components. We have developed a short-term culture system that supports sequential subculting of endothelial cells in a serum-free culture medium on a defined extracellular matrix. The cells have a doubling rate of 33 h and the total cell number can be expanded more than 800-fold. Expression of specific markers; factor VIII related atigen-von Willebrand factor, Wiebel-Palade bodies, a cobblestone appearance of confluent cell monolayers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity confirm the normal morphologic integrity and biochemical function of these cultures. Using this defined serum-free medium, we have grown human endothelial cell monolayers on porous polycarbonate membrane inserts, thereby creating an upper and a lower chamber that models the vascular architecture and demonstrates an inverse relationship between transport and molecular weight. By eliminating serum components, this model system should facilitate the study of endothelial cell binding, metabolism, and transport of bioactive molecules and may contribute to a better understanding of the blood-tissue interface.
A parallel chopping algorithm for ODE boundary value problems

Abstract A chopping algorithm proposed by Russell and Christianssen [14] for the solution of linear boundary value problems (BVPs) in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is extended. On a computer with P processors, at each stage the BVP is solved numerically on P meshes using a code based COLNEW [1,4]. The solutions from the P processors are combined in an lgorithm which chops the range of integration and poses a set of new, ‘simpler’ BVPs on subintervals. These are treated recursively. Experiments on three problems with boudaary and turning layers show that this algorithm can be more efficient than using COLNEW directly, and without a significant loss of accuracy. It may also be used as a mesh selector for COLNEW.
Modal fields of anisotropic channel waveguides

We present an approximate analysis of the model fields and dispersion relations of anisotropic dielectric waveguides of rectangular cross section. We initially assume that the dielectric tensor is diagonal in both the guiding and substrate regions of the channel, with a step discontinuity at their interface. Off-diagonal elements in the dielectric tensor are then accomodated by means of coupled mode theory; continuous transverse variation of the dielectric tensor is taken into account by adapting a heuristic technique due to Miller. We have found that the anisotropy may act to decouple orthogonally polarized components of the field, resulting in almost-linearly-polarized modes for many cases of practical interest. We have also considered the coupling of energy between two such channel waveguides running parallel to one another.
The Functional Dependence of Leaching on The Surface Area-To-Solution Volume Ratio

The effects of the surface area-to-solution volume ratio on waste glass leach rates are investigated from a theoretical point of view. Simple leach models are discussed first. Correlation variables to interpret the results of similar leaching experiments performed at different values of the surface area-to-solution volume ratio are obtained for static leach testing. For dynamic leaching conditions, the source term required for risk assessment is derived and its dependence on the leachant flow rate and leach specimen surface area is discussed. The findings are upheld by a more complex leach model, the mathematical formulation of which has been implemented in a computer code named LIX. When tested against actual PNL 76-68 glass leaching data, LIX shows excellent capabilities in reproducing the experimental evidence, in particular the effects of the surface area-to-solution volume ratio.
Mitigation options in a sustainable development world

A sustainable world has often been assumed to be a world in which climate change will be dealt with automatically. But even in a future which emphasizes sustainability, there will still be limited resources and the need to balance competing demands on these resources. As the list of objectives for a sustainable world is quite long, climate objectives will need to compete with many other policy goals for resources. So it is of relevance to understand what the climatic outcomes of a sustainable world might be, what additional options to control emissions might be in place in this world, and how the costs might vary as additional policies are implemented, or assumptions about critical determinants of emissions vary. In this analysis, we focus on how a generic carbon tax varies as alternative assumptions about energy demand, the effectiveness of carbon sequestration, and climate goals are made. The result that emerges is that uncertainty is pervasive in the climate mitigation problem, and that despite the political difficulties of revisiting decisions on a regular basis, there is no way out of the need for adaptive policies which require constant reassessment of the goals and the effectiveness of the policies in place to reach these goals.
A middleware framework for managing transactions in group-oriented mobile commerce services

The emerging group-oriented mobile commerce services are receiving significant interest among researchers, developers, wireless service providers, and users. Some of these services, including mobile auctions, mobile financial services, and multi-party interactive games, are transaction-oriented and will require the network and protocol support for managing transactions. In this paper, we focus on technical challenges of managing transactions in group-oriented mobile commerce services by presenting a framework, which includes requirements, membership-management and support for dependable transactions. More specifically, we present several group-oriented mobile services, characterize transaction requirements of group-oriented m-commerce services, present protocols for membership management to support both distributed and centralized processing, and present multi-network access and agent-based system for dependable transactions.