cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WSN11-2: Cross-Layer Design for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

In this paper, we introduce a new method for packet transmission delay analysis and prediction in mobile ad hoc networks. We apply a fuzzy logic system (FLS) to coordinate physical layer and data link layer. We demonstrate that type- 2 fuzzy membership function (MF), i.e., the Gaussian MFs with uncertain variance is most appropriate to model BER and MAC layer service time. Two FLSs: a singleton type-1 FLS and an interval type-2 FLS are designed to predict the packet transmission delay based on the BER and MAC layer service time. Simulation results show that the interval type-2 FLS performs much better than the type-1 FLS in transimission delay prediction. We use the forecasted transimission delay to adjust the transmission power, and it shows that the interval type-2 FLS performs much better than a type-1 FLS in terms of energy consumption, average delay and throughput. Besides, we obtain the performance bound based on the actual transmission delay.
A Five-Patient Satisfaction Pilot Study of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Injection for Treatment of Aging Hands

BACKGROUND The process of skin aging is not limited to the face but involves every part of the body, including the hands. A common manifestation of aging of the hands is the loss of volume, which occurs as the skin loses its subcutaneous fat. Injectable dermal fillers have surfaced as a popular method to address such deficiencies. OBJECTIVES To report the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) to address lost volume. METHODS Five female subjects with soft tissue deficiency of the dorsa of the hands were enrolled at Mount Sinai Medical Center. A solution of CaHA with 2% lidocaine in amounts of 0.3 to 1.0 mL was injected interdigitally at each of three to five insertion sites; the sites were massaged and molded up to three times to ensure an optimal cosmetic end point. Subjects were seen for a follow-up visit after 1, 4, 16, and 24 weeks. RESULTS With a single injection, all subjects reached their correction goals without requiring any touch-ups. At the 24-week visit, the subjects retained the filling effect, with no adverse events and high patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION CaHA, a new, easily injectable, safe dermal filler, has emerged as an excellent option for soft tissue augmentation in aging hands.
Respiratory control associated with cyclic pH transitions induced by N,N′-bis (dichloroacetyl) 1,12-diaminododecane☆

Abstract Bis-dichloroacetamides induce changes in oxygen uptake which resemble respiratory control. These changes are accompanied by respiratory dependent cyclic pH changes. Strong uncouplers such as CCP which induce similar alkalizations of the medium block the cyclic response to the dichloroacetamides. Swelling in various salt media suggest that the uncoupling-like effect of the drugs is due to an induction of anion permeability and in contrast to the proton conducting uncouplers which are presumed to cause the penetration of protons into the mitochondrion, the dichloroacetamides cause an extrusion of OH− in weakly buffered media.
Books Can Be Deceiving: Edith Turner and the Problem of Categories in Anthropology

This article situates Edith Turner's first book, The Spirit and the Drum, in relation to feminist and postmodern work within anthropology. Drawing on each tradition, the author shows how Turner's work fits easily into neither, suggesting, rather, that such categorizations fail to capture the richness and depth of the work.
Effect of thyroid powder or propylthiouracil on chick liver and plasma lipids.

Chicks on artificial diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 10% corn oil were further supplemented with thyroid powder or propylthiouracil at 2 different dosage levels. Liver and plasma lipids were fractionated into class groups by silicic acid column chromatography. Sterol ester and phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed for percentage composition by alkaline isomerization and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Thyroid powder inhibited the specific accumulation of liver cholesteryl monoenoate that follows dietary supplementation with oil and cholesterol. It also reduced plasma concentrations of individual fatty acids. Thiouracil increased all plasma lipid components but did not increase hepatic total lipid. The per cent of liver and plasma phospholipid dienoic acid was reduced by thyroid and increased by thiouracil, suggesting that thyroidal activity may be related to biological transformation of dienoic acid.
Message passing on data-parallel architectures

This paper explores the challenges in implementing a message passing interface usable on systems with data-parallel processors. As a case study, we design and implement the “DCGN” API on NVIDIA GPUs that is similar to MPI and allows full access to the underlying architecture. We introduce the notion of data-parallel thread-groups as a way to map resources to MPI ranks. We use a method that also allows the data-parallel processors to run autonomously from user-written CPU code. In order to facilitate communication, we use a sleep-based polling system to store and retrieve messages. Unlike previous systems, our method provides both performance and flexibility. By running a test suite of applications with different communication requirements, we find that a tolerable amount of overhead is incurred, somewhere between one and five percent depending on the application, and indicate the locations where this overhead accumulates. We conclude that with innovations in chipsets and drivers, this overhead will be mitigated and provide similar performance to typical CPU-based MPI implementations while providing fully-dynamic communication.
Barter Markets for Conjoint Analysis

We propose a new alternative preference measurement method, barter conjoint, to contrast with traditional choice-based conjoint (CBC) approaches. Barter conjoint collects a substantially larger amount of data compared to CBC and allows for information diffusion among respondents. We conducted two empirical studies that compare CBC (with and without incentive alignment) and barter conjoint. The studies employed a total of three product categories, each with two validation tasks (one follows immediately and one conducted two weeks later). Our results confirmed prior research that incentive alignment, in general, substantially improves out-of-sample predictive performance of CBC. Furthermore, we found barter conjoint performs substantially better than the incentive-aligned CBC. However, in the spirit of “no free lunch,” barter conjoint is more taxing (in various ways) than CBC, suggesting a potential trade-off between consumer resource allocation (at the time of the task) and (managerial) predictive accuracy downstream. Given that this is the first study on barter conjoint, we discuss various limitations of the current implementation and fruitful directions for future research.
Tight bounds for eternal dominating sets in graphs

The eternal domination number of a graph is the number of guards needed at vertices of the graph to defend the graph against any sequence of attacks at vertices. We consider the model in which at most one guard can move per attack and a guard can move across at most one edge to defend an attack. We prove that there are graphs G for which @c"~(G)>[email protected](G)+12, where @c"~(G) is the eternal domination number of G and @a(G) is the independence number of G. This matches the upper bound proved by Klostermeyer and MacGillivray.
Click-words

Motivation: Recognizing words that are key to a document is important for ranking relevant scientific documents. Traditionally, important words in a document are either nominated subjectively by authors and indexers or selected objectively by some statistical measures. As an alternative, we propose to use documents' words popularity in user queries to identify click-words, a set of prominent words from the users' perspective. Although they often overlap, click-words differ significantly from other document keywords. Results: We developed a machine learning approach to learn the unique characteristics of click-words. Each word was represented by a set of features that included different types of information, such as semantic type, part of speech tag, term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF) weight and location in the abstract. We identified the most important features and evaluated our model using 6 months of PubMed click-through logs. Our results suggest that, in addition to carrying high TF–IDF weight, click-words tend to be biomedical entities, to exist in article titles, and to occur repeatedly in article abstracts. Given the abstract and title of a document, we are able to accurately predict the words likely to appear in user queries that lead to document clicks. Contact: luzh@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Treating anger in psychotherapy: introduction and cases.

Although client anger is a ubiquitous presenting problem for psychotherapy and a challenging in-session phenomenon for the psychotherapist, it has been oddly neglected by the clinical community. This article introduces an issue of In Session devoted to the conceptualization and treatment of anger in psychotherapy from multiple theoretical perspectives. The authors generate consensual definitions of anger, aggression, and hostility and then provide two case vignettes that the contributors address in their subsequent articles. Both technical diversity and strategic convergence, it is suggested, are required to enhance the effective treatment of anger disorders. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 275–282, 1999.
Rapid Growth of Ceramic Films by Particle-Vapor Codeposition

Particle-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is capable of producing ceramic films at high deposition rates. A mathematical model of the particle-vapor codeposition process has been developed and has been applied to PECVD processes to predict deposition rate enhancements and deposit properties.
Radiographic properties of injected calcium hydroxylapatite: potential false positive findings on positron emission tomography.

Objectives To describe the positron emission tomography and computed tomography features of injected calcium hydroxylapatite, and to discuss how these may be mistaken for malignancy. Case report Positron emission tomography is now readily employed in the staging and monitoring of patients with head and neck carcinoma. Concomitant with the growing use of this modality has been the increasing popularity of injected calcium hydroxylapatite to treat glottic incompetence secondary to vocal fold paralysis or following partial laryngectomy. A patient developed aspiration following near-total laryngectomy and subsequently underwent injection of calcium hydroxylapatite, with effective resolution of the aspiration. The patient underwent positron emission tomography scanning as part of routine tumour surveillance; this showed intense tracer uptake at the site of injection, and this pattern persisted for one year following injection. Conclusions As injectable calcium hydroxylapatite becomes more widely used, especially in the treatment of patients with a history of head and neck cancer, physicians should be aware it may cause a potentially misleading, false positive positron emission tomography finding.
Antidepressant medications and change in mammographic density in postmenopausal women.

Background: Several studies suggest antidepressant medications can increase prolactin levels. Some, but not all, studies suggest prolactin levels are positively associated with mammographic breast density, an established risk factor for breast cancer. Methods: We evaluated 29,284 women with two routine screening mammograms 9 to 28 months apart between 1996 to 2006 to examine whether antidepressant use was associated with changes in mammographic breast density. Mammographic breast density was assigned by radiologists and coded according the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Exposure to antidepressants was ascertained based on electronic pharmacy dispensing data, including dispensings from claims data. We used polytomous logistic regression to estimate the odds of an increase or decrease in density categories between mammograms associated with antidepressant initiation, continuation, and discontinuation compared with nonusers of any antidepressants. Results: Initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of antidepressant medications were not associated with changes in mammographic density. Conclusions: The lack of association between antidepressant use and breast density is consistent with recent studies that do not suggest an association between antidepressant use and breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):676–9)
Honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) pollination of rabbiteye blueberry Vaccinium ashei var. 'Climax' is pollinator density-dependent

In a 2-yr field study, mature orchard plants of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade variety 'Climax'), plus potted pollenizers ('Premier') were caged with varying densities of honey bees (0, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, or 12,800 bees plus open plot) during the bloom interval. The rate of legitimate flower visits tended to increase as bee density increased within a range of 400-6,400 bees; there were more legitimate visits in cages with 6,400 bees than in those with < or = 1,600 bees. Similarly, within a range of 400-6,400 bees there was a trend for a corresponding increase in fruit-set with means ranging from 25.0 to 79%. Fruit-set was higher in cages with 6,400 or 3,200 bees than in those with < or = 800 bees. Regression analyses showed that fruit-set increased linearly with the rate of legitimate bee visits. Mean weight of berries was unaffected by bee density but varied significantly between years. Within a range of 0-3,200 bees/cage the average seeds per berry tended to increase with increasing bee density; there were more seeds in open plots than in cages with 12,800 honey bees or < or = 1,600 bees. Sucrose content ranged from 12.1 to 16.7% and fruits tended to have more sugar in cages with lower bee densities. Speed of ripening tended to be higher in cages with higher bee densities. Earlier work has shown that the effectiveness of Apis mellifera L. as a pollinator of rabbiteye blueberry is variety-dependent. Our data indicate that the effectiveness of A. mellifera is also bee density-dependent.
Sustainable Innovations: Bringing Digital Media and Emerging Technologies to the Classroom.

Because traditional schools struggle to effectively understand, implement, and sustain digital learning initiatives, innovating with digital media in classrooms is a difficult endeavor. Practitioners need examples to better understand conditions necessary to move forward with digital media and learning (DML) in schools. This article provides examples and supports research proposing that context and culture matter when innovating in schools. Three classroom cases using Web 2.0, app development, and game design are discussed, offering educators a pathway to consider similar pedagogical and participatory approaches to foster learning. Classroom contexts, teachers' perspectives, district supports, technical requirements, and scalability are highlighted. The examples suggest innovative DML initiatives can flourish within schools when participants are mindful of context and when a participatory culture is supported (Jenkins, Clinton, Purushotma, Robison, & Weigel, 2006).
Instrumentation for Monitoring around Marine Renewable Energy Converters: Workshop Final Report

Report on workshop held in Seattle for DOE WWPTO on instrument needs for monitoring marine energy devices
Comparison of the Histologic and Cytologic Diagnosis of Liver Biopsies in Hepatic Cancer

Abstract Cytologic examination of touch preparations of the tissue core and of the aspirated fluid from needle biopsies of the liver has been reported to increase the yield of hepatic cancer with histologic examination by 15 to 30%. We undertook a comparison of histologic examination of modified Menghini liver biopsy specimens and cytologic examination of the aspiration fluid in 335 unselected liver biopsies performed between December 1971 and July 1975. Histologic sections were prepared in the conventional manner and interpreted by pathologists. The aspiration fluid was decanted, passed through a Millipore filter, stained by the Papanicolaou technique, and examined for tumor by a cytopathologist who was unaware of the patient's clinical history or histologic diagnosis. All specimens were coded, randomized, and reread 3–48 mo later for the presence or absence of cancer. If the interpretations disagreed, a third reading was done after the slides had been rerandomized and recoded. Adequate preparations were available for 306 biopsies. Hepatic tumor was present in 29 patients. The tumor was diagnosed by both histologic and cytologic examinations in 21 specimens, histologically but not cytologically in five, and cytologically but not histologically in six. Three of these six were proved to have tumor. The other 3, which were found in patients with inflammatory liver disease, were considered to be false positives. Cytologic examination of aspiration fluid appears to slightly increase the yield of cancer on liver biopsy, but not as greatly as had been found previously from examination both of the aspiration fluid and of touch preparations of the tissue core.
The head that wears the crown: Henry VIII and traumatic brain injury

Henry VIII of England is one of the most controversial figures in European history. He was born on 28 June 1491 as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and became the heir to the English throne after his elder brother died prematurely. A contradictory picture of Henry's character emerges from history: the young Henry was a vigorous, generous and intelligent king who saw early military and naval successes. In contrast, in his later years he became cruel, petty and tyrannical. His political paranoia and military misjudgements are in direct contrast to his earlier successes and promise. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding his transformation from a renaissance king to a later medieval tyrant, including endocrinopathies, psychiatric illnesses and traumatic brain injury. In this paper we examine the historical evidence linking the change in Henry's personality and health problems to traumatic brain injury. To our knowledge this is the first systematic neurological study of traumatic brain injury in Henry VIII.
Cognitive Status, Self-Control, & Asset Decumulation: Evidence from the HRS

Evidence suggests cognitive ability is important when making financial decisions. The presence or absence of cognitive ability is important in estimating the likelihood of uncertain events, considering choices in combination across multiple periods, and recognizing the need for commitment to combat inconsistent preferences and deficiencies in self-control. Given the negative relationship between cognitive ability and age, retirees may be affected as their ability in these areas diminishes. Self-control, or a lack there of, may also impact the consistency of preferences and behavior over time. When making asset decumulation decisions retirees are likely influenced by both their long-term concerns and short-term emotions. These competing forces highlight the importance of self-control on one’s ability to carry out long-term consumption goals. Thus, self-control may help explain variation in retirement spending and the risk of asset depletion in old age. We explore the relationship between cognitive status – the presence or absence of notable cognitive decline – self-control, and asset decumulation among retired households in the United States. After controlling for age, initial wealth, stock ownership, and income our findings indicate that cognitive status is important in determining the rate of asset decumulation.
Punishment, Rational Expectations, and Relative Payoffs in a Networked Prisoners Dilemma

Experimental economics has consistently revealed human behavior at odds with theoretical expectations of rational agents. This is especially true in laboratory games with costly punishment where humans routinely pay to punish others for selfish behavior even though the punisher receives no benefit in return. This phenomenon occurs even when interactions are anonymous and the punisher will never interact with the punishee again. However, costly punishment may not be inconsistent with Darwinian notions of relative fitness. This paper presents exploratory work aimed at a reconciliation between economic and biological expectations of behavior. Agent-based modelling is used to simulate networked populations whose members play the prisoners dilemma while having the ability to altruistically punish one another. Results show that behavior evolving in structured populations does not conform to economic expectations of evolution driven by absolute payoff maximization. Instead results better match behavior expected from a biological perspective in which evolution is driven by relative payoff maximization. Results further suggest that subtle effects of network structure must be considered in theories addressing individual economic behavior.
Structural and Magnetic Characteristics of Gd5GaxSi4−x

A crystallographic study and theoretical analysis of the Si/Ga site preferences in the Gd(5)Ga(x)Si(4-x) series is presented. Gd(5)Ga(x)Si(4-x) adopt the orthorhombic Gd(5)Si(4)-type structure (space group Pnma, Z = 4) with a maximum Ga content near x = 1.00, as determined by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Refinements from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the three independent sites for Si/Ga atoms in the asymmetric unit (interslab T1, intraslab T2 and T3) reveal partial mixing of these elements, with a clear preference for Ga substitution at the interslab T1 sites. To investigate site preferences of Si/Ga atoms, first-principles electronic structure calculations were carried out using the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) and the Stuttgart tight-binding, linear-muffin-tin orbital program with the atomic sphere approximation (TB-LMTO-ASA). Analysis of various crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) curves provide some further insights into the structural tendencies and indicate the roles of both sizes and electronegativities of Ga and Si toward influencing the observed upper limit in Ga content in Gd(5)Ga(x)Si(4-x). The magnetic properties of two Gd(5)Ga(x)Si(4-x) phases are also reported: both show ferromagnetic behavior with Curie temperatures lower than that for Gd(5)Si(4).
Paleoenvironmental Interpretations of Holocene Insect Fossil Assemblages from Four High-Altitude Sites in the Front Range, Colorado, U.S.A.

A series of four Holocene age sites in the Front Range, Colorado, forms an altitudinal transect from subalpine forest to alpine tundra in the modern environment. Insect fossil assemblages from thes...
Security Monitoring and Risk Early Warning System of IT Operation and Maintenance for Large Network Terminals

At present,the domestic and foreign terminal information security early warning systems are confined their warning to those from IDS or limited monitoring areas,and lack of necessary technical supporting means in information security decision-making support and alarm processing.The disadvantage of the traditional information security early warning systems is the lack of a comprehensive and unified management of warning objects,early warning threat evaluation,risk elements,early warning coordination mechanism,and processing mode.Based on the overall operation monitoring and technical management system of the terminal security framework,a set of security monitoring and risk early warning system of IT operation and maintenance for large network terminals is presented in this article.It provides comprehensive monitoring and early warning decision-making support for network information security,and makes up the disadvantages of the traditional information security monitoring and early warning systems.
Research of a new-style four coil double steady state permanent magnetic actuator

In order to solve the design problem of larger opening and closing start electric current and unsatisfied opening speed of permanent magnetic actuator with long stroke,the concept of four coil double steady state permanent magnetic actuator is suggested firstly in this paper.Theoretical analysis and tests indicate that this way is applicable.The key lies in that the turns of opening and closing trip coils must be suitable.The numbers of turns of opening and closing trip coils needed for different permanent magnetic actuators are different.In addition,a convenient control scheme of main electrical circuit of four coil double steady state permanent magnetic actuator is given.
Blending was not an option : variation theory and reluctant international distance learners

This short paper reflects on experiences gained in designing what was intended to be a blended course. In the event, a blended option was not possible and the paper explores how variation theory was then used to transition international learners, skeptical about distant learning, from in-person to distant learning modalities. The role of variation, in approaching both the content and process of the learning experience, was presented during the two in-person lectures at the outset of the course. While results are preliminary and tentative, the use of variation seems to have positively impacted learner understanding of subject matter and the online learning experience.
Significance of abnormal brain perfusion in catatonia: a case report.

Objective In this case study, the significance of perfusion abnormalities in catatonia is examined. Background Recurrent catatonic symptoms are frequently observed in psychiatric disorders, but the predictors of relapse of the catatonic symptoms remain unknown. Perfusion abnormalities have been reported during catatonic states; however, little is known about brain functioning of catatonic patients during remission. Method A catatonic patient was evaluated by clinical interview, behavioral examination, and functional neuroimaging (single photon emission computed tomography) to determine diagnosis and brain perfusion. Results The patient exhibited persistent hypoperfusion of the basal ganglia even after achieving symptomatic remission. Conclusions These findings predict a secondary cause and may predict a chronic course.
Factors Affecting the Persistence of Salmonella During the Processing of Poultry.

Bacteria, including Salmonella , have been shown to attach firmly to poultry skin and meat. Neither fimbriae, flagella, nor electrostatic attraction seem to play a significant role in the mechanism of attachment. Bacterial cells (95%) were shown to be initially entrapped in a water film on the skin, then to migrate to the skin with prolonged immersion in a bacterial cell suspension. Using electron microscopy it was shown that bacteria appear to be entrapped in ridges and crevices which become more pronounced in the skin and muscle following water immersion. This may make bacteria on carcasses inaccessible to bactericides. It was shown that bacteria are firmly attached to poultry skin before broilers arrive at the plant and that high numbers are still recovered after 40 consecutive whole carcass rinses of a single carcass. It was further shown that Salmonella are not always recovered in the first whole carcass rinse and that this method of sampling could result in false negative reports for Salmonella incidence.
Mapping Monstrosity: Metaphorical Geographies in China Miéville’s Bas-Lag Trilogy

Beginning with a precis of China Mieville’s oeuvre and progressive political activism, this chapter interrogates the radical geographies of his Bas-Lag, a fictional world depicted in Perdido Street Station (2000), The Scar (2002), and Iron Council (2004). Saunders offers a geocriticism of Bas-Lag’s literary cartographies to analyze it as an expansive yet meticulously detailed imaginary that critiques high imperialism, industrialization, capitalism, and racism. The chapter concludes that Mieville’s deft use of geohistorical allegory makes his Bas-Lag trilogy something much more than an intoxicating series of steampunk novels; instead, it is best understood as a reflexive political treatise in a new language, that of popular geopolitics.
Fatal Rotavirus Infection in a 4-Year-Old with Unsuspected Autoimmune Adrenal Insufficiency:

The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is often delayed, as the presenting symptoms of fatigue, abdominal pain, and anorexia are vague and nonspecific. However, timely diagnosis and treatment with replacement steroids are needed to prevent fatal adrenal crisis. While the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in childhood is congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a significant minority (13-23%) is caused by autoimmune destruction of the gland. We present a case of a 4-year-old, previously healthy child who had a one-day history of nausea and vomiting, and was found unresponsive by her caretaker. Despite emergency rescue and transport to the hospital, she was pronounced dead. At autopsy, the adrenal glands were atrophied. Histologic examination revealed lymphocytic infiltration of the adrenal glands consistent with autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Fecal viral antigen testing was positive for rotavirus. The cause of death was determined to be adrenal crisis in the setting of rotavirus gastroenteritis due to adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease).
PALEOSOLS AND ICHNOFOSSILS OF THE UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN–LOWER PERMIAN MONONGAHELA AND DUNKARD GROUPS (OHIO, USA): A MULTI-PROXY APPROACH TO UNRAVELING COMPLEX VARIABILITY IN ANCIENT TERRESTRIAL LANDSCAPES

The upper Monongahela and lower Dunkard groups of southeastern Ohio include abundant paleosols containing ichnofossils as well as vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant body fossils. These paleosols formed on diverse Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian landscapes in an alluvial setting. This study investigated small-scale lateral and vertical variability of the paleosols that formed at the distal edge of the Dunkard Basin. Three detailed, 32-m thick stratigraphic sections across a 70 m outcrop were measured in eastern Athens County, Ohio. Seven pedotypes representing soil formation in nine subenvironments were identified through bulk geochemical, clay mineralogical, and petrographic analyses as well as a detailed study of the ichnofossils, body fossils, and macromorphological paleosol properties. Ichnofossils were abundant and included rhizoliths, actively to passively filled burrows, and coprolites. These ichnofossils were produced by various plants, larval and adult arthropods, and micro- to macro-vertebrates. Body fossils within the paleosols included micro- and macro bone fragments and teeth, compression plant fossils, ostracodes, and gastropods. Vertical transitions among the subenvironments were due to both fluvial channel migration and climatic changes. Precipitation was seasonally distributed with a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 300–1000 mm/yr through the section. This study demonstrates that by investigating the small-scale lateral and vertical variations in paleosols, finer resolution paleoclimatic, paleoenvironmental, and paleoecological reconstructions are possible.
Clinical guidelines and medical practice: a review

Source Citation Grimshaw JM, Russell IT. Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluations. Lancet. 1993 Nov 27;342:1317-22.
Architectural Design as an Expression of Religious Tolerance:: The Case of Sainte-Madeleine in Montargis

The inventive hybridity of early modern ecclesiastical architecture in France mixes the traditional and local forms derived from the medieval past with neoclassical ones imported from Italy and ultimately derived from antiquity. Although this combination of seemingly disparate styles generally characterizes sixteenth-century French churches, the flying buttresses of the Church of Sainte-Madeleine in Montargis remain exceptional in their classicizing reimagination of a conventional architectural typology. In Architectural Design as an Expression of Religious Tolerance: The Case of Sainte-Madeleine in Montargis, Maile Hutterer suggests that the unusual form of the Montargis buttresses derives from the political and religious circumstances of their creation. Calvinist Jacques Androuet du Cerceau I is the most likely designer of the Montargis buttresses, and they were constructed while Montargis was part of the holdings of Protestant sympathizer Renee de France. The designer9s careful balancing of orthodoxy and heterodoxy paralleled Renee9s carefully constructed position between Catholicism and Calvinism.
A vimentin binding small molecule leads to mitotic disruption in mesenchymal cancers.

Expression of the transcription factor FOXC2 is induced and necessary for successful epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a developmental program that when activated in cancer endows cells with metastatic potential and the properties of stem cells. As such, identifying agents that inhibit the growth of FOXC2-transformed cells represents an attractive approach to inhibit chemotherapy resistance and metastatic dissemination. From a high throughput synthetic lethal screen, we identified a small molecule, FiVe1, which selectively and irreversibly inhibits the growth of mesenchymally transformed breast cancer cells and soft tissue sarcomas of diverse histological subtypes. FiVe1 targets the intermediate filament and mesenchymal marker vimentin (VIM) in a mode which promotes VIM disorganization and phosphorylation during metaphase, ultimately leading to mitotic catastrophe, multinucleation, and the loss of stemness. These findings illustrate a previously undescribed mechanism for interrupting faithful mitotic progression and may ultimately inform the design of therapies for a broad range of mesenchymal cancers.
Know-do-itis and no-do encephalopathy

Countries around the world invest millions annually to ensure that healthcare is evidence based and that health systems deliver patient care that reflects the most current and rigorous research evidence. Despite these efforts, there is a surprising and silent epidemic of clinician and health system resistance to the practice of evidence based healthcare. No amount of training, retraining, professional incentives, or governmental regulation seems to overcome this resistance. Moreover, the condition is often contagious, causing intermittent outbreaks of I’m-going-to-do-this-my-way. Recent advances have enabled characterisation of this condition and provided new insights into the mechanisms and possible treatments. Resistance …
Mitochondrial development in liver of foetal and newborn rats

The development of the inner mitochondrial membrane in foetal and neonatal rat liver was studied by following three parameters: (1) the activity of several respiratory enzymes in homogenates and purified mitochondria, (2) the spectrophotometric determination of cytochrome content in the mitochondria and (3) the cardiolipin content in both homogenates and purified mitochondria. Respiratory-enzyme activities of homogenates of foetal liver were one-quarter to one-twentieth of those of homogenates of adult liver, and the enzyme specific activities in purified mitochondria from foetal liver were one-half to one-eighth of those in mitochondria from adult liver. The cardiolipin content of liver homogenates increased approximately twofold during the development period, but there was no significant change in the cardiolipin content of purified mitochondria. It is concluded that cell mitochondrial content approximately doubles in the immediate postnatal period. There was no evidence for an increase in the relative amount of cristae protein in mitochondria during this period to account for increases in mitochondrial enzyme specific activity, since cardiolipin and cytochrome concentrations remained unchanged and electron micrographs revealed no differences. The cause of the lower respiratory-enzyme specific activity in foetal liver mitochondria is unclear. Qualitative differences in respiratory units in foetal and mature animals are suggested.
Perennial Shrub Community

There are many ways to classify perennial desert shrubs; some methods are based on functional morphology, others on more ecological considerations (e.g., Noy-Meir, 1973). Since our present emphasis is on the interactions of these plants with invertebrate consumers and not on their inherent variation, we shall divide the plants broadly into two groups: xerophytic shrubs and succulents. Both have aboveground parts persisting for at least several years. Xerophytes are usually woody, and may also be deciduous or evergreen. They sometimes occur in tree form, and their root systems range from shallow to deep (deep roots characterize phreatophytes). However, in this section we shall concentrate on what goes on aboveground.
Everyone Is Exposed Every Day

With the founding of the US Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, regulation of air pollution in the US was strengthened. But it was unclear which pollutants should be considered of greatest concern. Launched soon after the founding of EPA with one of the early grants from the US National Institutes of Health, the Harvard Six City study set out to investigate the relationship of air pollution and health. When results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in the early 1990s, they pointed to fine particulate matter, PM2.5, as the main culprit. They also showed that the largest health effects were not respiratory, as was and still is often thought, but instead cardiovascular mortality. As with tobacco, the Harvard researchers faced a strong push back by industry that challenged their integrity and fueled a large scale media battle. Nevertheless, the EPA added PM2.5 as a regulated pollutant and reanalysis of the Harvard data vindicated their work, as have many other lines of research since.
SP0098 Hot session: immune related adverse events from checkpoint inhibitor therapy

Advances in cancer immunotherapy have made it now one of the cornerstones of care for patients with malignancies. Much of these advances have come through the development of checkpoint inhibitors which target negative regulatory signals in the adaptive immune response leading to re-invigoration of cell mediated immunity which had become suppressed or exhausted within the tumoral environment. With such reinvigorated immune response a collateral effect has been the development of autoimmune and or autoinflammatory complications (known as immune related adverse events or irAEs) seen in virtually every organ system. Among these are rheumatic complications estimated to observe in 4%–7% of the exposed population and often requiring acute and chronic immunosuppression to adequately manage. Numerous rheumatic irAEs have been reported the most common of which is inflammatory arthritis as well as myositis, PMR, vasculitis and sicca and others. Rheumatologists are now increasingly seeing such patients as the proliferation of checkpoint therapy increases (three are estimated to be several hundred thousand patients on such therapy in the US with another 1 00 000 patients in varying clinical trial of cancer immunotherapeutics). irAEs in general have been posited to be the potential Achilles heel of cancer immunotherapy. Rheumatologist will be increasing called upon to take key roles in the management of irAEs with a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive and targeted therapies. Disclosure of Interest None declared
RAM as a Network Managed Resource

This paper describes an architecture for and several application examples of using a dynamically allocable RAM pool over the network as part of a deep memory hierarchy. We present four different use cases, including in situ analysis, machine learning, quantum chemistry simulations, and virtualization. In each use case, we modified or implemented software to use a network RAM pool, and then evaluated the performance. The cases of in situ analysis, machine learning, and virtualization demonstrated good performance. While the quantum chemistry experiments exhibited an average slowdown of 53% for all runs, including those where resources were clearly oversubscribed, the scalability results showed promise.
Toward a Predictive Hierarchical Multiscale Modeling Approach for Energetic Materials

This chapter describes efforts to enable multiscale modeling of energetic material response to insult through a concurrent hierarchical multiscale framework. As a demonstration, a quantum-derived, particle-based coarse-grain model of an energetic material is used to provide part of the constitutive response in a finite element multiphysics simulation. Bottom-up coarse-grain models of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) and the methods used to perform reactive simulations at the microscale will be described. Simulations demonstrating microstructure-dependent initiation are also presented. Research opportunities addressing the remaining challenges related to detonation are discussed.
Capturing detectable relaxin concentrations in eumenorrheic non-pregnant women

Evidence suggests menstrual cycle variation in the hormone relaxin may have an impact on ligament integrity and may be associated with risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in physically active...
Macro Variables Do Drive Exchange Rate Movements: Evidence from a No-Arbitrage Model

Expected exchange rate changes are determined by interest rate differentials across countries and risk premia, while unexpected changes are driven by innovations to macroeconomic variables, which are amplified by time-varying market prices of risk. In a model where short rates respond to the output gap and inflation in each country, I identify macro and monetary policy risk premia by specifying no-arbitrage dynamics of each country's term structure of interest rates and the exchange rate. Estimating the model with US/German data, I find that the correlation between the model-implied exchange rate changes and the data is over 60%. The model implies a countercyclical foreign exchange risk premium with macro risk premia playing an important role in matching the deviations from Uncovered Interest Rate Parity. I find that the output gap and inflation drive about 70% of the variance of forecasting the conditional mean of exchange rate changes.
Abstract 1975: Multivariate exome analysis identifies CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling as a key driver in early breast cancer development and prognosis

Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide despite new developments in prevention and treatment. More recently, rapid increases in BrCa incidence have been reported in countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Age of diagnosis in Asian BrCa patients is much younger than age of diagnosis in western countries, such as the United States, and Asian early BrCa patients tend to be pre-menopausal, whereas only 15-30% of western BrCas are pre-menopausal. The mechanisms responsible for early BrCa remain unknown. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether early breast cancer has unique tumor biology. The goal of this study was to characterize the molecular phenotype of early BrCa in the context of CXCL13, CXCR5 and associated gene expression. We hypothesized that CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling contributes to the aggressive phenotype of early BrCa . A bioinformatic approach was used to aid in characterizing this condition. Our patient cohort data (50 females of Korean descent, age ≤ 35 years) was obtained from The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). DESeq analysis was used to identify genes differentially expressed among normal tissue and primary tumor groups. Weighted Gene Network Co-expression (WGCNA) analysis was carried-out to identify gene networks associated with factors influencing BrCa prognosis. Finally, canonical pathway, upstream regulator, and gene interaction analysis was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our data show CXCL13, CXCR5, and associated genes (LTA, LTB, IL10, IL27RA, TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF17, and TNFRSF9), which have been previously shown to drive tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation, were significantly associated with the molecular phenotype of early BrCa in our patient cohort. Taken together, our findings suggest TLSs contribute to the tumor immune microenvironment and contribute to early BrCa progression. Citation Format: Courtney D. Dill, Tiara Griffen, Corey Young, Kaylin Carey, James W. Lillard. Multivariate exome analysis identifies CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling as a key driver in early breast cancer development and prognosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1975.
Disciplined to Access the General Education Curriculum: Girls of Color, Disabilities, and Specialized Education Programming.

As three teacher educators with familial ties to the Global South, but academically trained within the Global North, we adopt a de/colonial, intersectional feminist lens to analyze the “general edu...
Arms and the men

From Truman and Stalin through Ford and Brezhnev, the history of international weapons negotiations has been a series of lost opportunities to eliminate the ever-growing threat of atomic annihilation; there may not be many more chances.
The Big Sleep: Howard Hawks’s Hollywood Fantasy

This chapter focuses on staging and decoupage in Howard Hawks’s The Big Sleep, showing the ways in which Hawks pushes “classical” formal principles of balance and elegance to something like their limits, imbuing the film with a practically mannerist aestheticism in the process. Linking these aesthetic a formal choices to the film’s production history, it shows how Hawks and his collaborators worked to strip much of the hard-boiled realism from Raymond Chandler’s original novel in order to transform the story into the basis for a romantic fantasy starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. I go on to show that the presentation and elaboration of this fantasy is highly self-conscious, its very smoothness and formal perfection calling attention to its constructed and fabricated nature, and its distance from anything resembling “ordinary” life.
Effect of atomization inhalation of budesonide and terbutaline sulfate on serum levels of chemokine like factor-1 and cyclooxygenase 2 in children with bronchial asthma

Objective To investigate the effect of atomization inhalation of budesonide and terbutaline sulfate on serum levels of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2) and chemokine like factor-1(CKLF-1) in children with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 78 children with bronchial asthma in Hangzhou Children′s Hospital from April 2016 to August 2017 were selected and divided into the control group(n=39) and the study group(n=39). The control group was treated with routine treatment, and the study group was treated with budesonide and terbutaline sulfate on the basis of the control group.The treatment was continued for 7 d. After t treatment, the clinical effects, clinical symptoms improvement, hospitalization time, the serum levels of COX-2 and CKLF-1 before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reaction of two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of the study group(94.87%) was higher than that of the control group(74.36%)(χ2=6.303, P 0.05). Conclusion Atomization inhalation of budesonide and terbutaline sulfate in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, reduce serum levels of COX-2 and CKLF-1, improve therapeutic effect, promote children′s recovery and shorten the hospitalization time.Besides, the incidence rate of adverse reactions is low, and it is safe. Key words: Budesonide; Terbutaline sulfate; Asthma; Chemokine like factor-1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Atomization inhalation; Treatment effect