cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PKA and the Structural Kinome

In recognition of the first protein kinase structure that was solved 25 years ago, we review the history of the Structural Kinome. What did we learn prior to that first structure of the PKA catalytic subunit, what have we learned since the structure was solved, and what are our remaining challenges for the future?
Gamma lifetimes and associated inference for interval-censored cure rate model with COM–Poisson competing cause

ABSTRACTIn this article, we consider a competing cause scenario and assume the wider family of Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (COM–Poisson) distribution to model the number of competing causes. Assuming the type of the data to be interval censored, the main contribution is in developing the steps of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to determine the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the model parameters. A profile likelihood approach within the EM framework is proposed to estimate the COM–Poisson shape parameter. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed EM algorithm. Model selection within the wider class of COM–Poisson distribution is carried out using likelihood ratio test and information-based criteria. A study to demonstrate the effect of model mis-specification is also carried out. Finally, the proposed estimation method is applied to a data on smoking cessation and a detailed analysis of the obtained results is presented.
Comparative life cycle assessment of a commercial algal multiproduct biorefinery and wild caught fishery for small pelagic fish

The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental impacts of omega-3 fatty acid (n-3), high protein feed and biofuel production from algae to the impacts of the production of those products from fish. The functional unit was the production of one metric ton of omega-3 fatty acids from algae (fish) and the accompanying co-products of biofuel and high protein feed. This was a cradle to gate LCA. Four scenarios were used in this model. The algae multiproduct model (MPM) scenario was the baseline using only unit operations currently in use at the reference facility (Cellana LLC). A low-energy centrifuge replaced the existing conventional centrifuge (MPM (LE)) to reduce energy consumption. The MPM was improved in a different manner, employing membrane filtration prior to centrifugation (MPM (MF)). These three scenarios were compared to the conventional production of the same products from fish (conventional product model: CPM). This life cycle assessment investigated the following impacts: ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, smog formation potential, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. The environmental impacts of producing omega-3 fatty acids from algae were higher than producing omega-3 fatty acids from fish if membrane filtration was not used. Membrane filtration reduced most of the environmental impacts of the algae system by more than 50%. Fuel consumption was the only factor that caused the fish systems to change by greater than 10% from the baseline. Productivity, membrane filtration electricity, and annual operating days could each affect the environmental impacts of the algae system by greater than 10% from the baseline. Improvements to the algae system depend on improvements to cultivation and harvesting, with the impacts from processing being very small. This study presented results comparing the environmental impacts from a multiproduct system from algae and from fish. The results of this study can serve as a benchmark for the environmental impacts of an algal multiproduct biorefinery compared to the conventional production of those same products from fish. Areas of improvement have been identified for the algae production system for dewatering and cultivation. The amount of n-3 had little impact on the n-3 market but had a significant effect on the existing algal n-3 market. The amount of fuel and feed produced had a negligible effect on both markets.
Reconceptualizing Historic and Contemporary Violence Against African Americans as Savage White American Terror (SWAT)

This work seeks to challenge the benign language employed in the discourse surrounding historic and contemporary white violence, particularly against African Americans. In so doing, this work develops language that more adequately captures the genocidal social control mechanisms designed to create terror through the physical and psychological brutality of white violence. Specifically, this work introduces the theoretical construct of Savage White American Terror (SWAT) which we correlate to historic patterns of violent atrocities such as lynching to contemporary police violence against African Americans.
Gangliosides of the Neuron: Localization and Origin

Regional differences in ganglioside content of brain tissue were noted in the early explorations of this subject. Working with normal brain, Klenk and Langerbeins (1) could demonstrate the presence of gangliosides in gray matter only, while Svennerholm (2) reported a 5-fold difference in dry weight concentration between cerebral cortex and white matter of human adults. This general pattern was confirmed in many subsequent studies (3,4,5) and led to the concept of gangliosides as primarily neuron-associated lipids in brain. It was therefore surprising to find that neurons isolated in bulk quantity had a ganglioside content only half that of astrocytes obtained from the same sample of brain (6,7). A higher concentration was found in the hand-dissected Deiter’s neurons from ox brain stem (8) but even this value was below that of whole gray matter. Similarly, a neuron preparation from pig brain stem gave a concentration of ganglioside NANA well below that of pig gray matter (9).
Applications of laser surgery in gynecology. Hype or high tech

Although the use of lasers in gynecology has increased dramatically in the last 5 years, the availability of lasers has not made it possible to perform new surgical procedures. It has, however, simplified some operations. Information regarding the efficacy of laser surgery is sketchy, and most studies of the laser in oncology and reproductive endocrinology have been uncontrolled. Despite these shortcomings of present knowledge, it is important that surgeons become familiar with all types of lasers, because future devices may prove to be clearly superior in the treatment of various pelvic diseases.
The University of Pennsylvania Dyslexia Information Center.

A systematic search is necessary to pull together a complete bibliography on dyslexia, because the literature is divided among several quite different disciplines. If the results of this search are shared, a general saving in time available and probably an enhancement of the general quality of research efforts will result. The Reading Clinic of the University of Pennsylvania has produced an annotated bibliography of some 500 articles through 1965 from the entire spectrum of professions dealing with dyslexia and severe reading disabilities. The bibliography will be published in two stages this year. The complexity of the subject matter led to creation of an index which permits manipulation of the information in ways not previously possible The urgency of the need for information gathering on dyslexia has been generally recognized. The Reading Clinic staff have long been aware of the need and have begun to meet it. As of July 1967 there were 331 programs in progress on dyslexia and related reading disabilities supported by $32,372,720 from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: 172 ($8,346,957) in research; 75 ($14,425,824) in training; and 84 ($9,599,939) in diagnosis and/or treatment. Not one program suggested by its title that assembling and processing the literature would be one of its functions. It seems to me that collection of the existing literature and organization and analysis of the knowledge that has already been developed ought to be the first steps in mounting new programs.
Separate and Combined Influence of Cognitive Impairment and Dysarthria on Functional Communication in Multiple Sclerosis

Purpose Dysarthria is a consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can co-occur with cognitive impairment. Clinical management thus requires understanding the separate and combined effects of dysa...
Disordering, clustering, and laning transitions in particle systems with dispersion in the Magnus term

We numerically examine a two-dimensional system of repulsively interacting particles with dynamics that are governed by both a damping term and a Magnus term. The magnitude of the Magnus term has one value for half of the particles and a different value for the other half of the particles. In the absence of a driving force, the particles form a triangular lattice, while when a driving force is applied, we find that there is a critical drive above which a Magnus-induced disordering transition can occur even if the difference in the Magnus term between the two particle species is as small as one percent. The transition arises due to the different Hall angles of the two species, which causes their motion to decouple at the critical drive. At higher drives, the disordered state can undergo both species and density phase separation into a density-modulated stripe that is oriented perpendicular to the driving direction. We observe several additional phases that occur as a function of drive and Magnus force disparity, including a variety of density-modulated diagonal-laned phases. In general, we find a much richer variety of states compared to systems of oppositely driven overdamped Yukawa particles. We discuss the implications of our work for skyrmion systems, where we predict that even for small skyrmion dispersities, a drive-induced disordering transition can occur along with clustering phases and pattern-forming states.
The School-to-Prison Pipeline: The Plight of African American Males in Special Education

In the USA, public schools are legally mandated to provide free and appropriate special education services for students, ages 3–21, who are diagnosed with one or more of 13 established disability categories. Approximately 13% of American students in public schools receive special education services. While American educators are predominantly Caucasian females, American public school classrooms currently—for the first time in history—consist of a majority of non-White students. New trends of cultural diversity have created many challenges and controversies in the American education system, including the disproportionately high allocation of racial minority students in special education programs. The inappropriate placement and inadequate special education instruction of African American males contribute to limited academic achievement and motivation for this population of students, which instigates delinquency/expulsion and frequently leads to illegal behaviors and imprisonment. This phenomenon is known as the “school-to-prison pipeline.” Issues such as punitive discipline models, limited access to general education classrooms, and low high school graduation rates contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline. Solutions such as increased teacher-parent collaboration, implementation of culturally responsive pedagogy, socio-emotional learning, and the use of culturally unbiased assessments are suggested.
How diversity can alleviate sharks and bandwagons in the gas sector

A level-headed decision maker in a well-run gas business would appear to be a good candidate to navigate through change. But instinctive responses and overconfidence can lead to irrational decision making. During periods of greatest risk, at the moment rationality is needed most, the impulse to act irrationally kicks in. This paper explores how diversity can alleviate risks associated with ‘sharks’ and ‘bandwagons’ in the gas sector. It explores the Queensland gas sector and how diversity of thought can play a powerful role in reducing the impact of bias on identifying risk and making rational decisions. It also offers practical advice as to how the gas sector can improve diversity and metaphorically punch those sharks and halt those bandwagons.
SAPO-35 Molecular Sieve: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorbate Interactions of Cu(II) in CuH−SAPO-35

Synthesis of small-pore silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-35 (structurally analogous to the zeolite levyne) using hexamethyleneimine in aqueous and fluoride media is described for the first time. Pure, highly crystalline samples of SAPO-35 were obtained within a short reaction period of 24 h. Various factors affecting crystallinity and phase purity of SAPO-35 were studied. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, 27Al, 29Si and 31P solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG and DTA), surface area measurement, electron microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy. SAPO-35 crystallizes with highly uniform rhombic crystals about 1 μm across. Two crystallographically distinct tetrahedral framework sites in SAPO-35 are shown from MAS NMR studies. 29Si MAS NMR spectra show that silicon substitutes for framework phosphorus and generates large Bronsted acidity. The location of Cu(II) ions exchanged into H−SAPO-35 and their interaction with deuterated water, ammonia,...
Dynamics of Bone Loss in Cases with Acute or Chronic Apical Abscess

Abstract Introduction Acute and chronic apical abscesses are 2 dramatic ways that periradicular tissues may react to pulpal infection and necrosis. Although both of these clinical states are the response to pulpal infection, their clinical manifestations are significantly different. It is not clear why the body responds to root canal infection in one way or another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the size and pattern of bone loss in patients with acute apical abscess (AAA) and chronic apical abscess (CAA) using cone-beam computed tomographic images. Methods Twenty-three cone-beam computed tomographic images of cases with AAA and 25 cases with CAA were selected and evaluated. The presence and location of fenestration and the volume and pattern of the periradicular lesions were recorded and compared between the 2 groups using the Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results One hundred percent of cases with CAA had cortical fenestration, but only 47% of cases with AAA had cortical fenestration (P .05). CAA cases, in comparison with the AAA group, had a relatively larger cortical disruptions. Conclusions Cortical fenestration is fundamental for the development of CAA. However, periradicular lesions without evident cortical fenestration can still cause AAA and fascial space involvement.
Comparative assessment of dendrite growth and microstructure predictions during laser welding of Al 6061 via 2D and 3D phase field models

Abstract A 3D phase field model is developed and used to predict dendrite growth and microstructure development during the laser welding processes of Al 6061 alloy. The 3D model results are compared with the 2D model results to illustrate the importance of 3D simulation in predicting three dimensional microstructure morphologies. By using a validated, comprehensive laser welding model to calculate the complex and strongly transient temperature field, the 3D phase field model is able to accurately predict the microstructure anywhere within the fusion zone of the laser weld, while the 2D phase field model lacks the same fidelity.
Chapter 8 – Graphs

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the rudiments of graph theory which is a fast-growing branch of mathematics and has numerous applications in diverse areas, such as computer science, engineering, linguistics, management sciences, as well as the natural and social sciences. The Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler founded the cornerstone of graph theory. The chapter presents the fundamentals of the field Euler created, with its assortment of new terms. Since graph terminology is not yet standard, the definitions of basic terms can vary in the literature. A graph G comprises a nonempty finite set V of points called vertices or nodes. A simple graph contains no loops or parallel edges. Graphs can also facilitate the study of hydrocarbons. Arthur Cayley used graphs in the study of the isomers of hydrocarbons.
The Use of Dynamic Weight Support with Principles of Infant Learning in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report

Aims: Typical infant movement is characterized by a high degree of motor exploration, error, and variability. However, children with cerebral palsy (CP) often cannot create these experiences due to...
A Hierarchical Fog-based Architecture for IoT-enabled Intelligent Traffic Lights System Services

Intelligent transport / traffic systems have evolved into highly important smart cities applications. In this paper a hierarchical multi-agent architecture is proposed that appropriately exploits the fog computing paradigm and Akka framework to provide the necessary structures and semantics for implementing urban demand responsive intelligent traffic system services. The proposed architecture mainly consists of a distributed hierarchical network of Akka Actors that act as traffic controllers in a geographical urban zone. The reduction of delays for emergency vehicles, the minimization of total vehicle and pedestrian delays, and accidents prevention are the main optimization goals of the system. The proposed architecture is properly documented whereas specific use case scenarios and implementation issues are presented and analyzed.
A Sino-American Cyber Security Agreement: Crisis Composed of Danger and Opportunity?

JURIST Guest Columnist Kevin Govern of Ave Maria School of Law discusses the latest cyber security agreement between China and the US.
Assessing the performance of an automated breast treatment planning software.

Purpose To assess the dosimetric performance of an automated breast planning software. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 15 breast cancer patients treated with tangent fields according to the RTOG 1005 protocol and 30 patients treated off-protocol. Planning with electronic compensators (eComps) via manual, iterative fluence editing was compared to an automated planning program called EZFluence (EZF) (Radformation, Inc.). We compared the minimum dose received by 95% of the volume (D95%), D90%, the volume receiving at least 105% of prescription (V105%), V95%, the conformity index of the V95% and PTV volumes (CI95%), and total monitor units (MUs). The PTV_Eval structure generated by EZF was compared to the RTOG 1005 breast PTV_Eval structure. Results The average D95% was significantly greater for the EZF plans, 95.0%, vs. the original plans 93.2% (P = 0.022). CI95% was less for the EZF plans, 1.18, than the original plans, 1.48 (P = 0.09). D90% was only slightly greater for EZF, averaging at 98.3% for EZF plans and 97.3% for the original plans (P = 0.0483). V105% (cc) was, on average, 27.8cc less in the EZF breast plans, which was significantly less than for those manually planned. The average number of MUs for the EZF plans, 453, was significantly less than original protocol plans, 500 (P = 8 × 10-6 ). The average difference between the protocol PTV volume and the EZF PTV volume was 196 cc, with all but two cases having a larger EZF PTV volume (P = 0.020). Conclusion EZF improved dose homogeneity, coverage, and MU efficiency vs. manually produced eComp plans. The EZF-generated PTV eval is based on the volume encompassed by the tangents, and is not appropriate for dosimetric comparison to constraints for RTOG 1005 PTV eval. EZF produced dosimetrically similar or superior plans to manual, iteratively derived plans and may also offer time and efficiency benefits.
Are you better off now? An investigation of perceived outcomes among teachers involved in a mentoring program

This quantitative study examined mentees’ perceptions of the support they have received from a school-based mentoring program (SBMP) in which they have been involved for three years. The study invo...
From Dr. Miller E. Preston (1879-1928) to the Department of Orthopaedics at Denver Health Medical Center in Denver, CO

Dr. Miller Edwin Preston was a surgeon with a deep interest in trauma and orthopaedics who practiced in Denver in the early 1900s. Dr. Preston arrived in Denver shortly after the creation of Denver's first city hospital in 1860. This hospital would later be renamed to Denver General Hospital and then Denver Health Medical Center. It excels for the quality of its emergency medicine residency program, a very high survival rate for severely injured patients and the clinical pathways and algorithms pertinent to the management of haemodynamically unstable pelvic ring injuries among others. Today, Dr. Preston's legacy of excellence in the management of trauma patients is alive and well at Denver Health Medical Center, the city's only level-one safety net hospital and academic affiliate of the University of Colorado Medical School.
Clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome

Abstract The strong relationship between genetic determinants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the overproduction of beta-amyloid (Aβ) provides compelling support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis and has been central to AD drug development. It is hypothesized that disease-modifying treatments for AD should begin prior to the development of extensive neurodegeneration and onset of AD-related cognitive symptoms. Understanding of the molecular basis for the near universal presence of early onset AD in Down syndrome (DS) has grown exponentially in the past decade and recent studies have provided evidence that AD in DS is remarkably similar to other forms of AD. Individuals with DS therefore comprise the largest group in the world with genetically determined AD. In this chapter, therapeutic strategies that can be employed in clinical trials for AD in DS will be discussed as well as their underlying scientific rationale.
“These Laws Will Be Devastating”: Provider Perspectives on Legislation Banning Gender-Affirming Care for Transgender Adolescents

Abstract Purpose The standards of care for transgender and gender diverse youth (TGDY) experiencing gender dysphoria are well-established and include gender-affirming medical interventions. As of July 2021, 22 states have introduced or passed legislation that bans the provision of gender-affirming medical care to anyone under the age of 18 even with parent or guardian consent. The purpose of this study is to understand what providers who deliver gender-affirming medical care to TGDY think about this legislation. Methods In March 2021, we recruited participants via listservs known to be frequented by providers of gender-affirming medical care. Eligible participants were over the age of 18, currently working as a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant, and providing gender-affirming care to TGDY under the age of 18 in the U.S. Results We analyzed the responses of 103 providers from all 50 states and DC. Most participants identified as white (77%), cisgender women (70%), specializing in pediatric care (52%). The most salient theme, described by nearly all participants, was the fear that legislation banning gender-affirming care would lead to worsening mental health including increased risk for suicides among TGDY. Other themes included the politicization of medical care, legislation that defies the current standards of care for TGDY, worsening discrimination toward TGDY, and adverse effects on the providers. Conclusions Providers of gender-affirming care overwhelmingly opposed legislation that bans gender-affirming care for TGDY citing the severe consequences to the health and well-being of TGDY along with the need to practice evidence-based medicine without fear.
Evidence favoring lineage fidelity in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: absence of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in FAB types M4 and M5

The concept of lineage fidelity in acute leukemia has recently been challenged by the finding of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in a leukemic cell line and in a small number of sporadic cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with a monocytic phenotype. We therefore screened leukemic blood or bone marrow samples of 33 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of FAB types M4 (23 patients) and M5 (10 patients); 28 were obtained at diagnosis and 5 at relapse. All cases were well characterized pathologically and histochemically. Cytogenetic analysis performed in each case demonstrated karyotypes that were representative of those generally seen in these types of leukemia, with a clonal abnormality present in all except 9 of 32 patients who were successfully studied. DNA prepared from each sample was digested with the restriction enzyme BamH1 and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization to probes for the JH region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. All 33 cases had DNA retained in the germline configuration with no evidence of rearrangement. This finding supports the concept of lineage fidelity, and suggests that true interlineage infidelity, myeloid to lymphoid, is a rare occurrence in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Morphology of polymer/silicate nanocomposites: High density polyethylene and a nitrile copolymer

Nanoscale composites of a modified silicate with either high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or a nitrile copolymer have been examined. Hydrophilic silicate clay was intercalated by ion exchange reaction of alkylammonium ions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed that so-modified silicate layers were finely dispersed in these polymeric matrices. Instead of being individually dispersed, most layers were found in thin stacks comprising several swollen layers. Greater dispersion was found in the nitrile copolymer rather than in HDPE, suggesting differences in the degree of physical interaction with the modified clay. Lamellar crystals of HDPE formed parallel to the silicate layers.
Privacy and Property on the Net: Research Questions

The Net, which consists of the Internet plus the parallel networks of commercial and military data communication, raises serious issues of personal information vulnerability and ownership of intellectual property. Peer-to-peer sharing of music files over the Internet, for example, challenges the existing system of copyright. Counterterrorism "data mining" systems hunt for signs of suspicious activity across vast databases of information about people who do not wish to be spied upon. This Essay advocates research by social and information scientists to clarify many such issues.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Double-Edged Swords of Innate Immunity

Spectacular images of neutrophils ejecting nuclear chromatin and bactericidal proteins, in response to microbes, were first reported in 2004. As externalized chromatin could entangle bacteria, these structures were named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Subsequent studies identified microorganisms and sterile conditions that stimulate NETs, as well as additional cell types that release extracellular chromatin. The release of NETs is the most dramatic stage in a cell death process called NETosis. Experimental evidence suggests that NETs participate in pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, with proposed involvement in glomerulonephritis, chronic lung disease, sepsis, and vascular disorders. Exaggerated NETosis or diminished NET clearance likely increases risk of autoreactivity to NET components. The biological significance of NETs is just beginning to be explored. A more complete integration of NETosis within immunology and pathophysiology will require better understanding of NET properties associated with specific disease states and microbial infections. This may lead to the identification of important therapeutic targets.
Pelczynski’s property (V*) for symmetric operator spaces

We show that if a rearrangement invariant Banach function space E on the positive semi-axis contains no subspace isomorphic to co then the corresponding space E(M) of r-measurable operators, affiliated with an arbitrary semifinite von-Neumann algebra M equipped with a distinguished faithful, normal and semifinite trace T, has Pelczynski's property (V*).
The ring and the books

Do you see this ring? ~Robert Browning, The Ring and the Book (1868) Thou shalt not ever bid on anything When it’s so lucrative to form a ring. ~Ian Jackson, An Antiquarian ABC (1998) In the auction trade, a “ring” refers to a group of buyers who collude before a sale to keep prices down by agreeing not to compete against one another. When the sale is over, all of the items that have been “ringed” are then reauctioned (the “knockout”) among the members of the ring in a private setting, and each more or less gets what he or . . .
Students at the center in emerging academic models: embedded information literacy and distance services in the University of Wisconsin System Flex degree

Purpose – As a model of competency-based education (CBE), the University of Wisconsin (UW) System Flex options present a unique case study of challenges and opportunities for embedding student-centered library services and information literacy. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, we describe strategies for engaging with the evolving Flex curriculum, the needs of an unknown student body and the role of new student support staff. The author notes the relevance of examining the library’s role in Flex at this time, given the potential for growth nationally in CBE. Findings – The challenges the author faced initially were closely tied with opportunities that once examined, formed the basis of the embedded library model for competency-based education. Further, the author found opportunities to articulate their role in Flex on their campus and share with other institutions. Originality/value – This case study is based on the author’s experiences embedding Information Literacy and Distance Services in th...
Vulvar Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a 26-Year-Old Woman

Abstract A 26-year-old Hispanic woman complaining of “itching” and “herpetic lesions” on the vulva for 9 months was seen at a university hospital. On physical examination, multiple vulvar masses were noted. Biopsies taken from these lesions showed invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The vulvectomy specimen revealed 4 tumor masses, the largest located on the mons pubis. Although the incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has increased in recent years, only very few cases of invasive carcinoma have been reported in young women. The tumors that occur at a younger age characteristically have basaloid or warty histology, in contrast to those occurring in older women, which usually are well-differentiated keratinizing carcinomas. We believe this is an unusual case of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to our patient's young age, her tumor had a histologic profile usually found in lesions of an elderly woman. The tumor was negative for human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction ...
Carceral Protectionism and Multi-Professional Anti-Trafficking Human Rights Work in the Netherlands

This work explores Dutch governmental and non-governmental efforts to protect persons trafficked into the Netherlands for the purposes of forced labor. By focusing on multi-professional efforts to assist trafficked persons, this analysis discusses protective agents' roles as gatekeepers, interpreters and knowledge brokers in identifying trafficked persons and in managing their experience after the temporal moment of ‘rescue’ has come to pass. This work further investigates the concept of carceral protectionism and maps how Dutch protective interventions have impacted trafficked and potentially trafficked persons.
A unified representation for numerical and qualitative simulations

Models fall naturally into two main categories, those of discrete systems and those of continuous systems. Our model-based reasoning work deals with continuous systems, augmented to provide for the possibility that one continuous system model transitions to another, as when a threshold event occurs such as a thermostat turning on.One aspect of model-based reasoning is simulation. A model is defined and its behavior(s) inferred through qualitative or numerical simulation. The simulated trajectories then facilitate tasks that one expects model-based reasoning to aid in, such as prediction, monitoring, diagnosis, and design.Here we describe an approach to representing simulation trajectories that results in descriptions of system behavior that contain both qualitative and quantitative information about trajectories closely integrated together. Those descriptions are supported by an internal, representation methodology that also closely integrates qualitative and quantitative information. The internal representation methodology supports quantitative inferences about the trajectories, and an example trace of such inferencing is provided.
Neurochemistry and paroxetine response in major depression

Paroxetine is an antidepressant that selectively blocks reuptake of serotonin with relatively little effect on reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine (Dechant and Clissold 199 i). As part of an 8-week open study of efficacy and side effects, preand post-treatment measures of dopamine (plasma homovanillic acid, HVA), norepinephrine (plasma methyl hydroxyphenylglycol, MHPG), and serotonin (platelet 5-HT content) were collected. It was hypothesized that response to paroxetine would significantly relate to measures of serotonin but not to those of the catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine).
Kamacite sulfurization in the solar nebula

The kinetics and mechanisms of kamacite sulfurization were studied experimentally at tempera- tures and H2S/H2 ratios relevant to the solar nebula. Pieces of the Canyon Diablo meteorite were heated at 558 K, 613 K, and 643 K in 50 parts per million by volume (ppmv) H2S-H2 gas mixtures for up to one month. Optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses show that the morphology and crystal orientation of the resulting sulfide layers vary with both time and temperature. Electron microprobe analyses reveal three distinct phases in the reaction products: monosulfide solid solution (mss), (Fe,Ni,Co)l,S, pentlandite (Fe,Ni,Co)g,Ss, and a P-rich phase. The bulk composition of the remnant metal was not significantly changed by sulfurization. Kamacite sulfurization at 558 K followed parabolic kinetics for the entire duration of the experiments. Sulfide layers that formed at 613 K grew linearly with time, while those that formed at 643 K initially grew linearly with time then switched to parabolic kinetics upon reaching a critical thickness. The experimental results suggest that a variety of thermodynamic, kinetic, and physical processes control the final composition and morphology of the sulfide layers. We combine morphological, x-ray diffraction, elec- tron microprobe, and kinetic data to produce a comprehensive model of sulfide formation in the solar nebula. Then, we present a set of criteria to assist in the identification of solar nebula condensate sulfides in primitive meteorites.
A comparison between DSP and FPGA platforms for real-time imaging applications

Real-time applications impose serious demands on hardware size, time deadlines, power dissipation, and cost of the solution. A typical system may also require modification of parameters during operation. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are a special class of microprocessors designed to specifically address real time implementation issues. As the complexity of real-time systems increases the need to introduce more efficient hardware platforms grows. In recent years Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have gained a lot of traction in the real-time community, as a replacement for the traditional DSP solutions. FPGAs are indeed revolutionizing image and signal processing due to their advanced capabilities such as reconfigurability. The Discrete Wavelet Transform is a classic real-time imaging algorithm that is drawing the attention of engineers in recent years. In this paper, we compare the FPGA implementation of 2-D liftingbased wavelet transform using optimized hand written VHDL code with a DSP implementation of the same algorithm using the C language. The goal of this paper is to compare the development effort and the performance of a traditional DSP processor to a FPGA based implementation of an image real-time application. The results of the experiment proves the superiority of FPGAs over traditional DSP processors in terms of time execution, power dissipation, and hardware utilization, nevertheless this advantage comes at the cost of a higher development effort. The hardware platform used is an Altera DE2 board with a 50MHz Cyclone II FPGA chip and a TI TMS320C6416 DSP Starter Kit (DSK).
Information for more effective strategic planning

Abstract This paper illustrates how an entity—called a ‘strategic data base’ (SDB)—can be developed to provide important information in a form which makes it directly useful in various phases of a strategic planning process. The strategic data bases are concise statements of the organizational and environmental situations which define the organization's most salient problems, opportunities, and constraints. These SDBs may be developed through a participative process involving tasks forces which are made up of managers representing the diverse interests of the organization. The strategic data bases thereby become important informational inputs to planning which can directly serve to enhance the quality of planning decisions. Moreover, the process of developing SDBs can be an important learning device for those middle managers who can become involved in such a process at a much earlier point in their career than that at which they might normally engage substantively in the organization's overall strategic choice process.
Self-Organizing Map for the Classification of Normal and Disordered Female Voices

The goal of this research was to train a self-organizing map (SOM) on various acoustic measures (amplitude perturbation quotient, degree of voice breaks, rahmonic amplitude, soft phonation index, standard deviation of the fundamental frequency, and peak amplitude variation) of the sustained vowel /a/ to enhance visualization of the multidimensional nonlinear regularities inherent in the input data space. The SOM was trained using 30 spasmodic dysphonia exemplars, 30 pretreatment functional dysphonia exemplars, 30 post-treatment functional dysphonia exemplars, and 30 normal voice exemplars. After training, the classification performance of the SOM was evaluated. The results indicated that the SOM had better classification performance than that of a stepwise discriminant analysis over the original data. Analysis of the weight values across the SOM, by means of stepwise discriminant analysis, revealed the relative importance of the acoustic measures in classification of the various groups. The SOM provided b...
A model study of the Copper River plume and its effects on the northern Gulf of Alaska

A three-level nested Regional Ocean Modeling System was used to examine the seasonal evolution of the Copper River (CR) plume and how it influences the along- and across-shore transport in the northern Gulf of Alaska (NGoA). A passive tracer was introduced in the model to delineate the growth and decay of the plume and to diagnose the spread of the CR discharge in the shelf, into Prince William Sound (PWS) and offshore. Furthermore, a model experiment with doubled discharge was conducted to investigate potential impacts of accelerated glacier melt in future climate scenarios. The 2010 and 2011 simulation revealed that the upstream (eastward) transport in the NGoA is negligible. About 60 % of the passive tracer released in the CR discharge is transported southwestward on the shelf, while another one third goes into PWS with close to 60 % of which exiting PWS to the shelf from Montague Strait. The rest few percent is transported across the shelf break and exported to the GoA basin. The downstream transport and the transport into PWS are strongly regulated by the downwelling-favorable wind, while the offshore transport is related to the accumulation of plume water in the shelf, frontal instability, and the Alaskan Stream. It takes weeks in spring for the buoyancy to accumulate so that a bulge forms outside of the CR estuary. The absence of strong storms as in the summer of 2010 allows the bulge continue growing to trigger frontal instability. These frontal features can interact with the Alaskan Stream to induce transport pulses across the shelf break. Alternatively as in 2011, a downwelling-favorable wind event in early August (near the peak discharge) accelerates the southwestward coastal current and produces an intense downstream transport event. Both processes result in fast drains of the buoyancy and the plume content, thereby rapid disintegration of the plume in the shelf. The plume in the doubled discharge case can be two to three times in size, which affects not only the magnitude but also the timing of certain transport events. In particular, the offshore transport increases by several folds because the plume appears to be more easily entrained by the seaward flow along the side of Hinchinbrook Canyon.
Enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by the suppression of antiapoptotic cellular defense.

Abstract The study was aimed at evaluating the combination of a traditional anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with a suppressor of antiapoptotic cellular defense—synthetic peptide corresponding to the minimal sequence of BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain. BH3 peptide was delivered into cells by fusion with a peptide corresponding to the Antennapedia (Ant) internalization sequence. The cytotoxicity of DOX, Ant-BH3 and Ant-BH3 mixed in with DOX, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, expression of genes encoding pro- and antiapoptotic members of BCL-2 protein family and caspases, caspases activity, apoptosis induction were assessed in human ovarian carcinoma cells. It was found that the combination in one drug formulation of DOX and Ant-BH3 produced two main effects: (1) enhancing the apoptosis induction by an anticancer drug, and (2) preventing the development of antiapoptotic cellular drug resistance. The results confirmed that anticancer drug-BH3 combination might form the basis for a new advanced anticancer proapoptotic drug delivery systems.
Paramagnetic resonance spectra of Se2− and SSe− in NaI and KI

Abstract Paramagnetic resonance spectra of Se 2 − and SSe − trapped in NaI and KI are described. The centers were identified by the detection of 77 Se and 33 S hyperfine structure and are characterized by extreme g -anisotropy.
Optical design issues for the Micro-Precision Interferometer Testbed for space-based interferometry

The Micro-Precision Interferometer Testbed is essentially a space-based Michelson interferometer suspended in a ground-based laboratory. The purpose of the testbed is to serve as a proving ground for technologies needed for future space-based missions requiring low- vibration environments. A layered control architecture, utilizing isolation, structural control, and active optical control technologies, allows the system to achieve its vibration attenuation goals. This paper focuses primarily on the optical design for the testbed and the systems-level tradeoffs between the optics and other systems due to the fact that the interferometer is on a large, lightly damped, flexible structure rather than on the ground. The testbed is designed to be a fully functioning interferometer spacecraft and makes use of flight-like hardware where possible, including an external star simulator, an attitude control system, fringe detection and tracking systems, delay lines, pointing control, laser metrology systems, and computers and electronic subsystems. The engineering decisions that led to the current optical configuration are presented and explained.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Structure studies by X-ray and neutron diffraction: how accurate are they?

Abstract The atomic structure of amorphous materials is usually studied by X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction methods, often using the atomic pair density function (PDF) analysis. The accuracy of the PDF method has been greatly improved recently by the advent of synchrotron base facilities, to the extent that the statistical noise has become an important source of error. We show how the statistical error in the PDF can be calculated, and discuss how this would affect the data collection strategy and modeling.
Mass Transfer and Bioavailability of PAH Compounds in Coal Tar NAPL-Slurry Systems. 2. Experimental Evaluations

This paper develops experimental protocols for evaluating the impact of physicochemical mass transfer phenomena on bioavailability and biotreatment rates in slurry systems containing multi-component non-aqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). The experiments are conducted with two coal tar NAPL samples obtained from field sites. Experimental evalu ations consist of abiotic mass transfer tests and independent biomineralization studies. The mass transfer tests measure equilibrium partitioning, dynamic changes in equilibrium partitioning, and dissolution kinetics for two polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, naphthalene and phenanthrene, released from coal tar NAPL in solid−slurry and liquid−liquid dispersion systems. Companion bimineralization tests assess initial rates of mineralization of naphthalene from coal tar NAPL. The results are used to evaluate the performance of a dissolution−degradation model, developed in the preceding paper, that addresses mass transfer and initial biodegrada tion rates of ...
Force production in the primate masticatory system: electromyographic tests of biomechanical hypotheses☆

Abstract Studies of the influence of dietary selection pressures in living and extinct primate taxa frequently interpret cranial diversity using a simple lever model. When this model is applied to functional or evolutionary questions, it is commonly assumed that the muscles of mastication vary little in activity during biting at points along the tooth row. A pattern of smoothly increasing maximum bite force magnitudes is therefore predicted as the bite point is moved posteriorly along the dental arcade. Diverse adaptive explanations are mapped onto this pattern. In this study, the activity of the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in humans was quantified during high magnitude bite force production at points along the tooth row. These data indicate that there are substantial changes in muscle activity with bite point, and that the standard lever model is therefore an incomplete description of masticatory force production. Maximum muscle force magnitudes were found to be greatest during first molar biting and to decrease as the bite point moved anteriorly and posteriorly. Additionally, relative balancing and working side muscle activity changed by bite point. This latter pattern is consistent with the predictions of Greaves’ constrained lever model, which assumes that masticatory muscle activity is restricted by the need to maintain compressive forces at both temporomandibular joints. However, these results also imply that additional factors influence muscle activity—such as dental morphology, mandibular kinematics, and the need to safeguard against joint distraction during diverse loading conditions—and that the constrained lever model of Greaves is therefore also incomplete. These considerations suggest that masticatory system morphology in primates will respond differently to dietary selection pressures than is commonly hypothesized. Intepretations of cranial morphology in fossil taxa may therefore also differ.