cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Branch-and-Bound algorithm applied to uncertainty quantification of a Boiling Water Reactor Station Blackout

Abstract Evaluation of the impacts of uncertainty and sensitivity in modeling presents a significant set of challenges in particular to high fidelity modeling. Computational costs and validation of models creates a need for cost effective decision making with regards to experiment design. Experiments designed to validate computation models can be used to reduce uncertainty in the physical model. In some cases, large uncertainty in a particular aspect of the model may or may not have a large impact on the final results. For example, modeling of a relief valve may result in large uncertainty, however, the actual effects on final peak clad temperature in a reactor transient may be small and the large uncertainty with respect to valve modeling may be considered acceptable. Additionally, the ability to determine the adequacy of a model and the validation supporting it should be considered within a risk informed framework. Low fidelity modeling with large uncertainty may be considered adequate if the uncertainty is considered acceptable with respect to risk. In other words, models that are used to evaluate the probability of failure should be evaluated more rigorously with the intent of increasing safety margin. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques have traditionally been used to identify accident conditions and transients. Traditional classical event tree methods utilize analysts’ knowledge and experience to identify the important timing of events in coordination with thermal-hydraulic modeling. These methods lack the capability to evaluate complex dynamic systems. In these systems, time and energy scales associated with transient events may vary as a function of transition times and energies to arrive at a different physical state. Dynamic PRA (DPRA) methods provide a more rigorous analysis of complex dynamic systems. Unfortunately DPRA methods introduce issues associated with combinatorial explosion of states. This paper presents a methodology to address combinatorial explosion using a Branch-and-Bound algorithm applied to Dynamic Event Trees (DET), which utilize LENDIT (L – Length, E – Energy, N – Number, D – Distribution, I – Information, and T – Time) as well as a set theory to describe system, state, resource, and response (S2R2) sets to create bounding functions for the DET. The optimization of the DET in identifying high probability failure branches is extended to create a Phenomenological Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) methodology to evaluate modeling parameters important to safety of those failure branches that have a high probability of failure. The PIRT can then be used as a tool to identify and evaluate the need for experimental validation of models that have the potential to reduce risk. In order to demonstrate this methodology, a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Station Blackout (SBO) case study is presented.
Si3N4 strip loaded waveguide electro-optic phase modulator in epitaxial BaTiO3 thin film

We demonstrate a strip loaded waveguide electro-optic phase modulator in epitaxial barium titanium ( BaTiO3) thin film. Low waveguide propagation losses and low half-wave voltage length product are achieved.
Making Democratic Governance Work: The Regime Typology

The unified theory outlined in the previous chapter predicts that human security will be advanced most effectively where inclusive and effective democratic institutions and procedures empower all citizens, so that they can express their demands and hold elected officials accountable for their actions, and, secondly, where state capacity is strengthened, so that the regime authorities can implement their policies and respond to public demands, including managing security, tax revenues, and the supply of public goods and services. It is argued that strengthening either liberal democracy or state capacity alone is insufficient; instead, it is proposed that the combination of both factors will provide the conditions most likely to generate effective and durable development outcomes, defined here in terms of prosperity, welfare, and internal peace. The next challenge is therefore to unpack these broad concepts, to consider how they can be operationalized, and then to apply the measures to classify regimes around the world and over time. THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE To clarify our terms, following the Eastonian conception of a political system, three levels can be distinguished: the nation, the regime, and the incumbent authorities. The nation-state represents the community to which people belong. The regime constitutes the basic framework for governing the nation-state within its territorial boundaries. This includes the overarching constitutional arrangements and the core government institutions at national, regional, and local levels, reflecting the formal and informal rules of the game. Lastly, the authorities represent the elected and appointed actors holding office and the key decision makers in the public sector. Of these elements, nation-states are the most stable, although they can be dissolved and break up into their component parts, as in the case of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Sudan, and new nation-states can succeed them, such as in Timor-Leste. Regimes are moderately durable, although they can also change, whether in response to conquest by an external power, popular revolution, elite coup d’etat, or the dissolution of the nation-state, or through processes of reconstruction and peace building, such as a negotiated constitutional settlement following civil war.
Physically Active Individuals in Sedentary Communities

(1999). Physically Active Individuals in Sedentary Communities. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 30, California Is “ON THE MOVE!”, pp. S4-S5.
Spontaneous Aerosol Ejection: Origin of Inorganic Particles in Biomass Pyrolysis.

At high thermal flux and temperatures of approximately 500 °C, lignocellulosic biomass transforms to a reactive liquid intermediate before evaporating to condensable bio-oil for downstream upgrading to renewable fuels and chemicals. However, the existence of a fraction of nonvolatile compounds in condensed bio-oil diminishes the product quality and, in the case of inorganic materials, catalyzes undesirable aging reactions within bio-oil. In this study, ablative pyrolysis of crystalline cellulose was evaluated, with and without doped calcium, for the generation of inorganic-transporting aerosols by reactive boiling ejection from liquid intermediate cellulose. Aerosols were characterized by laser diffraction light scattering, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and high-speed photography. Pyrolysis product fractionation revealed that approximately 3 % of the initial feed (both organic and inorganic) was transported to the gas phase as aerosols. Large bubble-to-aerosol size ratios and visualization of significant late-time ejections in the pyrolyzing cellulose suggest the formation of film bubbles in addition to the previously discovered jet formation mechanism.
Role of Th17 cell and CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells in pathogenesis of Henoch-Schnlein purpura in children

Objective To investigate the roles of Th17 cells and CD4 +CD25 + Treg cell in immunological pathogenesis of Henoch-Schnlein purpura(HSP).Methods Forty-eight patients with HSP and 40 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited.Flow cytometric analysis(FCM) was performed to detect the percentage of CD4+CD25+Treg cells subpopulation.real-time PCR were used to analyze expression of IL-17A,IL-17F,ROR-γt,Foxp3,IL-6,TGF-β in CD4+ T cell.Results Compared with healthy control subjects,expressions of IL-17A and IL-17F were significantly upregulated during the acute phase of HSP(P 0.01),expressions of the transcription factor ROR-γt and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in CD4+ T cells were significantly higher during the acute phase of HSP(P 0.01),the proportions of CD4+ CD25+Treg were significantly lower in patients with HSP(P 0.01).The mRNA expression of transcription factor Foxp3 showed similar tendency in patients with HSP(P 0.01).Conclusions Aberrant activation of Th17 cell and the decrease of CD4+CD25+Treg cell might be involved in pathogenesis of HSP,which suggest that it might be associated with the increase expression of IL-6.
Generalized factorization in ℤ∕mℤ

Generalized factorization theory for integral domains was initiated by D. D. Anderson and A. Frazier in 2011 and has received considerable attention in recent years. There has been significant progress made in studying the relation n for the integers in previous undergraduate and graduate research projects. In 2013, the second author extended the general theory of factorization to commutative rings with zero-divisors. In this paper, we consider the same relation n over the modular integers, Z=mZ. We are particularly interested in which choices of m; n2 N yield a ring which satisfies the various n-atomicity properties. In certain circumstances, we are able to say more about these n-finite factorization properties of Z=mZ.
The Basics of Storable Commodity Modeling

Introduction Many important commodities are storable. These include grains, many energy products such as oil and natural gas, and industrial and precious metals. Because of the ability to store, agents have the ability to influence the allocation of consumption of these products over time. Moreover, they typically do so under conditions of uncertainty. Because finance is at root the study of the allocation of resources over time in risky circumstances, the commodity storage problem is fundamentally a problem in finance. Indeed, it is the Ur problem (or pre-Ur problem) of finance: humans have had to make decisions about how to allocate consumption of commodities over time since the dawn of agriculture. Even a brief consideration of the economics of storage demonstrates that although the problem is a very old one, it is a very challenging one analytically. The problem is inherently a dynamic one with complicated intertemporal dependencies. Storage involves an opportunity cost. If I own a bushel of wheat, I can consume it today or store it for consumption tomorrow – or later. The opportunity cost of consumption today is the value of the commodity tomorrow. I must also pay a physical storage cost and forego any interest I could earn on the money I spend to buy the economy. But under conditions of uncertainty (about future supply or demand, say), the value of the commodity tomorrow is uncertain.
Biocatalysts for methane conversion: big progress on breaking a small substrate.

Nature utilizes two groups of enzymes to catalyze methane conversions, methyl-coenzyme M reductases (MCRs) and methane monooxygenases (MMOs). These enzymes have been difficult to incorporate into industrial processes due to their complexity, poor stability, and lack of recombinant tractability. Despite these issues, new ways of preparing and stabilizing these enzymes have recently been discovered, and new mechanistic insight into how MCRs and MMOs break the C–H bond in nature's most inert hydrocarbon have been obtained. This review focuses on recent findings in the methane biocatalysis field, and discusses the impact of these finding on designing MMO and MCR-based biotechnologies.
Universal state of charge estimator for battery packs of battery energy storage systems

Battery energy storage system (BESS) is an ideal solution for managing intermittent renewable sources such as photo voltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines connected to grids or micro grids. Their optimized performance is very dependent on accurate estimation of BESS's state of charge (SOC). This accurate estimation is vital for the operating scheme decisions of any BESS. This paper presents a universal method to accurately estimate the SOC for battery packs used in BESSs. Online estimated model parameters are used to update electrical model of each single cell in the battery pack of the BESS. The algorithm's low estimation error and reduced computational requirements, makes it practical for on board estimations. SOC estimation error along with voltage estimation error for a pack of Li-ion batteries are presented to show the accuracy of the algorithm.
On fluid queueing systems with strict priority

We consider priority fluid queueing systems where high-priority class has strict priority access to service. Sample path analysis tools, such as Poisson counter driven stochastic differential equation, are employed to study system queueing behavior in steady state. We are able to obtain various analytical results for different fluid traffic models and system configurations. Those results can be used as a general rule of thumb in buffer dimensioning and other traffic engineering issues.
Academic Health Sciences Center Library Bridges Gap to Non-Medical Life Long Learning Resources Through a Symbiotic Relationship with a Public Library System

ABSTRACTThe authors describe how multiple factors (declining circulation statistics, awareness of other collaborations and desire to bring services to an Academic Health Sciences Center Library (AHSCL) users not served by the biomedical collection, lead to exploring an innovative idea with the public library (PL). The project’s logistical considerations included legal (ILS licensing, contracts, patron confidentiality), financial (equipment, transportation costs), technology (circulation systems, stand-alone equipment), security (access to proprietary systems, patron records) and plans for training. The service has grown steadily since beginning in 2014 and in the last year has seen a 68% increase.
Disentangling bias: national capabilities, regime type, and international conflict mediation:

Existing literature on bias and third-party conflict management mainly focuses on the dichotomy of whether the mediator’s bias as a whole can contribute to mediation onset and outcomes. I argue that we need more specific and disaggregated research on the mediator’s bias because the side on which a prospective mediator’s bias lies may significantly affect the likelihood of mediation onset. Why are some biased mediations initiated by third parties while others are not? By disentangling the mediator’s bias and by distinguishing between different levels of bias, I find that the likelihood of mediation onset tends to increase if the potential mediator shares a closer political relationship with a conflicting state that has greater national capabilities or that is more authoritarian than the counterparty. However, the effect is largely conditional on the levels of the mediator’s bias, where a more obvious level of bias is more likely to facilitate mediation initiation. This article advances our understanding of...
Side Channels of Cyber-Physical Systems: Case Study in Additive Manufacturing

As 3-D printers are becoming increasingly relevant in various domains, including critical infrastructure, cyber-security questions naturally arise. This article investigates how to leverage analog emissions (vibration, acoustic, magnetic, and power) of 3-D printers in order to identify the printed object and compromise confidentiality. — Michail Maniatakos, New York University Abu Dhabi
What Can Japan’s Early Modern Capital of Edo Teach Us About Risk Management?

The city of Edo, early modern capital of Japan, was built of wood and burned with extraordinary frequency. This essay considers the logic of fire prevention and response in Edo in contrast to disaster management in the present day, with particular attention to the Fukushima nuclear disaster. The comparison reveals that the emphasis in Edo on strength and continuity of the social order rather than preservation of material property produced a different view of risk and uncertainty.
Spatiotemporal distribution of an invasive insect in an urban landscape: introduction, establishment and impact

Biological invasions are characterized by dynamic spatiotemporal distribution patterns. Yet landscape scale distribution patterns of invasive species are rarely leveraged to understand invasion in a comprehensive manner. Characterize three key stages of invasion from the landscape scale distribution patterns for an invasive insect—Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), and investigate the potential spatial variability in establishment and impact risk. The study focuses on the recent invasion of D. citri in Southern California’s urban landscape. We used a combination of spatiotemporal pattern analyses and species distribution models (SDMs) to characterize the introduction, establishment and impact of D. citri invasion. Diaphorina citri detections in relation to major roadways revealed that initial detections are significantly closer to major roads than later detections, suggesting that transportation corridors serve as introduction pathways. SDMs of D. citri establishment and impact potential using presence-(pseudo)absence and abundance revealed percent impervious surface as the best landscape predictor. Inclusion of prior D. citri detections as a lagged spatiotemporal effect improved both model fit and performance suggesting that small-scale dispersal events do matter. Interestingly, interpolated risk maps based on the predicted occurrence and abundance highlighted substantial spatial variability in D. citri establishment and impact risk. Our study demonstrates how examining spatiotemporal patterns of an invasive species is useful in inferring key stages of the invasion, and how occurrence and abundance information can be leveraged to quantify variability in establishment and impact risk. The study thus provides a useful baseline in formulating effective landscape-level management actions.
Spectrally Multiplexed Upconversion Single-Photon Detection with C-band Pump and Signal Wavelengths

We demonstrate low noise, spectrally multiplexed, upconversion single-photon detection using a waveguide with multiple phase-matching peaks. Two signal wavelengths are upconverted using two distinct pump wavelengths, all in the 1550-nm band.
Mitigation of the Impact Caused by Microfibers Released During Washings by Implementing New Chitosan Finishing Treatments

Until today, many studies (Hidalgo-Ruz and Gutow et al. in Environ SciTechnol 46:3060–3075, 2012; Auta et al. in Environ Int 102:165–176, 2017) were focused on the origin or the formation mechanisms of microplastics. Microplastics comprise a very heterogeneous group of fragments that vary in size, shape, color, specific density, chemical composition, and other characteristics.
Comparing Alternative Teaching Modes in a Masters Program: Student Preferences and Perceptions

The amount of online learning has increased significantly in recent years. A Midwest university offers three modes of instruction for its Masters in Public Policy and Administration Program: totall...
Scientific Software Design: The Object-Oriented Way

This book concerns software design. Although many current discussions of scientific programming focus on scalable performance, this book focuses on scalable design. The authors analyze how the structure of a package determines its developmental complexity according to such measures as bug search times and documentation information content. The work presents arguments for why these issues impact solution cost and time more than does scalable performance. The final chapter explores the question of scalable execution and shows how scalable design relates to scalable execution. The book's focus is on program organization, which has received considerable attention in the broader software engineering community, where graphical description standards for modeling software structure and behavior have been developed by computer scientists. These discussions might be enriched by engineers who write scientific codes. This book aims to bring such scientific programmers into discussion with computer scientists. The authors do so by introducing object-oriented software design patterns in the context of scientific simulation.
Discoveries About Tropical Cyclones Provided by Microwave Remote Sensing

This is a review of contributions to knowledge about tropical cyclones (TCs) and their precursors provided by five types of micorwave instruments carried on spaceborne platforms. They include radiometers, scatterometers, altimeters, synthetic aperture radars, SARs and rain radars. A few discoveries have been selected that have lead to improved diagnostics of tropical depressions and cyclones through their precipitation patterns and their wind fields. Some practical applications are included related to forecasting of intensity changes and possible flooding by heavy rains after a TC makes landfall. Other intriguing observations about hurricane eyes and vortex developments are included.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Head and Face Pain

Neuromodulation has emerged as a potentially promising therapeutic modality for many headache and facial pain disorders. Electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve (PNS) is a mode of neuromodulation that can be used to treat not only neuropathic pain that manifests in dermatomal patterns but also primary headache disorders that affect a region of maximal pain not correlating with one specific dermatome. Common PNS strategies for head and face pain include implantation of subcutaneous electrodes to various named nerves such as occipital nerve stimulation (ONS), supraorbital nerve stimulation (SONS), sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation, and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS).
Teaching Early Math Skills to Young Children With Disabilities in Rural Blended Early Childhood Settings

Two case studies were utilized to teach math skills while embedding the constant time delay teaching strategy. The study targeted children who were at risk for having mathematic difficulty in schoo...
Benchmarking Digital Die-to-Die Channels in 2.5-D and 3-D Heterogeneous Integration Platforms

In this paper, compact circuit models and HSPICE simulations are used to benchmark die-to-die communication channels in 2.5-D and 3-D heterogeneous integration platforms. The delay, energy-per-bit, and bandwidth-density of the considered integration platforms are simulated and benchmarked. Compared to other 2.5-D integrated systems with a 1-mm interconnect length, heterogeneous interconnect stitching technology (HIST)-based 2.5-D integration shows a maximum latency and energy reduction of 6.2% and 15.1%, respectively. 3-D ICs show further performance enhancement compared to 2.5-D integration; the link latency and energy are approximately 19.4% and 48.0% smaller than those of HIST (1-mm wire) for through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D integration (75- $\mu \text{m}$ TSV height). Next, the impacts of the physical I/O interconnect dimensions and device process technology scaling are evaluated and we observe that advanced process technologies must be integrated with smaller physical I/O dimensions and shorter wire lengths to attain full advantages of scaling. Finally, we consider the thermal impact of dense heterogeneous integration and investigate the thermal and electrical signaling tradeoffs in 2.5-D and 3-D integration.
An FPGA-Based Backend System for Intravascular Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging

The integration of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging produces an imaging modality with high sensitivity and specificity which is particularly needed in interventional cardiology. Conventional side-looking IVUS imaging with a single-element ultrasound (US) transducer lacks forward-viewing capability, which limits the application of this imaging mode in intravascular intervention guidance, Doppler-based flow measurement, and visualization of nearly, or totally blocked arteries. For both side-looking and forward-looking imaging, the necessity to mechanically scan the US transducer limits the imaging frame rate, and therefore, array-based solutions are desired. In this paper, we present a low-cost, compact, high-speed, and programmable imaging system based on a field-programmable gate array suitable for dual-mode forward-looking IVUS/IVPA imaging. The system has 16 US transmit and receive channels and functions in multiple modes including interleaved photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging, hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging, software-driven US imaging, and velocity measurement. The system is implemented in the register-transfer level, and the central system controller is implemented as a finite-state machine. The system was tested with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array. A 170-frames-per-second (FPS) US imaging frame rate is achieved in the hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging mode while the interleaved PA and US imaging mode operates at a 60-FPS US and a laser-limited 20-FPS PA imaging frame rate. The performance of the system benefits from the flexibility and efficiency provided by the low-level implementation. The resulting system provides a convenient backend platform for research and clinical IVPA and IVUS imaging.
"Never give up. Fight for what you believe in": Perceptions of how Latina/o adolescents can make a difference.

Objective Latina/o adolescents have been described as less likely to participate in volunteer and civic activities relative to other youth. The present study elicited Latina/o youths' own views of how they can make a difference in their communities. Method Latina/o high school students (N = 686; one third males; Mage = 16.3, SD = 1.2) responded in writing to the open-ended question, "How do you think that Latina and Latino young people can make a difference in our communities?" Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four categories (community, education, advocacy, and culture) emerged from the data, with 2 to 7 themes within each category, reflecting diverse and robust pathways by which Latina/o youth believe they can make a difference. We explore these results with respect to types of civic engagement, sociopolitical development, and manifestations of the components of critical consciousness: critical reflection, critical agency, and critical action. Conclusions Assessment of Latina/o youth civic engagement should be expanded to better reflect Latina/o youth agency, contributions, and assets. In particular, educational persistence and cultural pride may be seen as forms of resistance reflective of sociopolitical civic engagement (Checkoway & Aldana, 2013). Responses manifest components of the developmental asset of critical consciousness. Schools and communities should recognize, affirm, and support the pathways by which Latina/o youth contribute and build their efficacy for such engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
A case of YY1-associated syndromic learning disability or Gabriele-de Vries syndrome with myasthenia gravis.

Exome sequencing is being used increasingly to evaluate patients with intellectual disability. YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor belonging to the GLIKruppel class of zinc finger proteins recently recognized as the causative gene in 23 patients for the Gabriele-de Vries syndrome. We report a new case with similar features and a novel variant in YY1, in a region of the gene, which has not previously been reported. A 25 year old female was referred to clinical genetics with a diagnosis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis, facial dysmorphism and learning disability. Chromosomal microarray and gene panel test for congenital myasthenic syndrome was negative. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a presumed pathogenic de novo novel, heterozygous, truncating variant in the YY1 gene, c.860_864delTTAAAA, p.Ile287Argfs*3. The Ile287 residue is conserved across species and is situated in the transcription repressor domain of the protein. This variant is novel and lies in a domain of the protein where no previously reported variants occur. The phenotypic features of our case closely match those of the reported patients. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis has not been reported in these patients and may constitute an expansion of this phenotypic spectrum or perhaps more likely a second unrelated diagnosis.
Ringdown Suppression for a Sonothrombolysis Catheter Using Principal Component Analysing Filtering

Therapeutic ultrasound catheters emit high pressure, low frequency, long cycle waveforms that are poorly suited for imaging. However, in the context of sonothrombolysis treatment, it would be advantageous for these catheters to perform real-time, in situ, treatment monitoring. An impediment to this goal is the ringdown artifact that extends for several microseconds in the pulse-echo RF data and obscures the signal derived from nearby tissue structures and the thrombus. In this study, we present preliminary results of a principal-component based filter that separates ringdown from tissue-derived signals and permits the analysis of a decorrelation-based metric of clot erosion. The method is demonstrated using an EkoSonic therapeutic ultrasound catheter in an in vitro blood clot dissolution model.
Seeing Weather Through Chaos: A Case Study of Disembedding Skills in Undergraduate Meteorology Students

AbstractDisembedding, or recognizing patterns in a distracting background, is a spatial thinking skill that is particularly relevant to the interpretation of meteorological surface and upper-air ma...
A Compact Dual-Band CPW-Fed MIMO Antenna for Indoor Applications

A compact dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for LTE700, GSM1900, and UMTS applications with high isolation is presented. To enhance impedance matching and multiband operation, two inverted L-shaped monopoles are printed in the circular slot of the ground plane. The single element design is mirrored along the diameter of the circular slot of the ground plane. A strip is employed between the two radiators in order to mitigate the mutual coupling effect and enhance the impedance matching at operating bandwidths. Moreover, two slits are inserted in the ground plane in order to disturb the current distribution between radiating elements, and hence, the isolation between elements is improved. The measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 100 MHz (698–798 MHz) and 359 MHz (1765-2124 MHz) over the LTE700, GSM1900, and UMTS bands. The measured isolation between the two ports is less than -13 dB over the LTE700 bands while it is recorded to be less than -17 dB over the GSM1900 and UMTS bands. In addition, parametric studies of the proposed MIMO antenna are performed, and the surface current analysis is discussed to show the effect of the isolation structure. The radiation patterns are measured, and envelope correlation coefficient is calculated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measurements.
Your Forever Skills: An Epilogue

We will begin as we started. If you are woman in clinically relevant science, we wrote this book for you. If you are reading this book and belong to another gender category, we are thrilled that you joined us. We wrote this book with a specific framework in mind, the socioecological framework. We did this to place emphasis on you, as a scientist, in your own context. Just as your independent research fits in a larger framework of science, you as a scientist are part of a larger community of scientists. We hope that you have learned new ways to navigate, utilize, explore, and leverage your own socioecological model. We hope you have gained confidence and skills in seeking mentors, finding your professional home, and planning for your promotion.
A virtual pixel software and hardware technology to increase projector resolution

Increasing the resolution of the LCD (or similar) display used in projectors (in conjunction with increased light emissions, etc.) increases the resolution of the projected image and/or the distance that the projector can be from its screen. While increasing the size of the LCD panel represents one approach to producing increased resolution, this increases projector size and weight. This paper proposes the introduction of a mechanism to allow multiple pixels to be combined to create a higher resolution output image than the LCD (or similar) display used to create virtual pixels, increasing the effective resolution of the projector.
MicroRNA miR-7 regulates synthesis and secretion of insulin-like peptides

Abstract The insulin/IGF pathway is essential for linking nutritional status to growth and metabolism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that are players in the regulation of this process. The miRNA miR-7 shows highly conserved expression in insulin-producing cells across the animal kingdom, however, its conserved functions in regulation of insulin-like peptides (ILPs) remains unknown. Using Drosophila as a model, we demonstrate that miR-7 limits ILP availability by inhibiting its production and secretion. Increasing miR-7 alters body growth and metabolism in an ILP-dependent manner, elevating circulating sugars and total body triglycerides, while decreasing animal growth. These effects are not due to direct targeting of ILP mRNA, but instead arise through alternate targets that affect the function of ILP-producing cells. The Drosophila F-actin capping protein, CPA, is a direct target of miR-7, and knockdown of CPA in IPCs phenocopies the effects of miR-7 on ILP secretion. This regulation of CPA is conserved in mammals, with the mouse ortholog Capza1 also targeted by miR-7 in β-islet cells. Taken together, these results support a role for miR-7 regulation of an actin capping protein in insulin regulation, and highlight a conserved mechanism of action for an evolutionarily ancient microRNA. Disclosure Statement PA, JB, AJ and RWC have nothing to declare. JJC is an employee of Sg2, LLC, a healthcare consulting company.
“Administrative Constitutionalism:” Considering the Role of Agency Decisionmaking in American Constitutional Development

The last decade or so has seen an explosion of scholarship by American law professors on what has become known as administrative constitutionalism. Administrative constitutionalism is a catchphrase for the role of administrative agencies in influencing, creating, and establishing constitutional rules and norms, and governing based on those rules and norms. Though courts traditionally get far more attention in the scholarly literature and the popular imagination, administrative constitutionalism scholars show that administrative agencies have been extremely important participants in American constitutional development. Part I of this article identifies three different versions of administrative constitutionalism — (1) Engagement with Existing Constitutional Doctrine; (2) Resolving Questions of Statutory Meaning that Implicate Constitutional Questions; and (3) Shadow Administrative Constitutionalism--and provides examples from the scholarly literature to illustrate these distinct manifestations of administrative constitutionalism. Part II of this article discusses the normative turn in administrative constitutionalism scholarship. Much of this normative literature is implicitly or explicitly premised on the notion that agencies are more likely to pursue progressive goals than are other government actors. Part III of this article disputes the notions that agency constitutional decisionmaking is “democratic” and that agencies are naturally inclined to serve progressive goals. Finally, Part IV of this article notes that scholars who support broad agency autonomy to work out and enforce their own constitutional visions have failed to consider how their work fits in with the economic and political science literature on agency behavior. One can predict based on that literature that agencies given broad autonomy under the guise of administrative constitutionalism will primarily be inclined to expand their scope and authority at the expense of countervailing considerations.
A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious pandemics of the recent times. Since this pandemic began, there have been numerous reports about the COVID-19 involvement of the nervous system. There have been reports of both direct and indirect involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system by the virus. To review the neuropsychiatric manifestations along with corresponding pathophysiologic mechanisms of nervous system involvement by the COVID-19. Since the beginning of the disease in humans in the later part of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world with over 2,719,000 reported cases in over 200 countries [World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-96.,]. While patients typically present with fever, shortness of breath, sore throat, and cough, neurologic manifestations have been reported, as well. These include the ones with both direct and indirect involvement of the nervous system. The reported manifestations include anosmia, ageusia, central respiratory failure, stroke, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, toxic–metabolic encephalopathy, headache, myalgia, myelitis, ataxia, and various neuropsychiatric manifestations. These data were derived from the published clinical data in various journals and case reports. The neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 are varied and the data about this continue to evolve as the pandemic continues to progress.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery-Based Perioperative Protocol for Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction.

ObjectivesEvaluate an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)–based free flap management protocol implemented at our center.Study DesignProspective cohort study of patients after implementation of a...
Signatures of processing complexity during global cognitive states in ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Behavioral neuroscience almost exclusively studies behavior during tasks and ignores the unstructured inter-trial interval (ITI). However, it is unlikely that the ITI is simply an idling or paused mode; instead, it is a likely time for globally focused cognition, in which attention is disengaged from the task at hand and oriented more broadly. To gain insight into the computational underpinnings of globally focused cognition, we recorded from neurons in a core decision-making region, area 14 of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), as macaques performed a foraging search task with long inter-trial intervals (ITIs). We find that during the ITI, ensemble firing is associated with increased discriminability of a key mnemonic variable, recent reward rate, which in turn predicts upcoming search strategy. ITI activity is also associated with increased ensemble dimensionality and faster subspace reorganization, presumed markers of processing complexity. These results demonstrate the flexible nature of mnemonic processing and support the idea that the brain makes use of ostensible downtime to engage in complex processing.
Limited Utility of Gadolinium Contrast Administration in Routine Multiple Sclerosis Surveillance

Background and purpose Assess the incidence of enhancing lesions on follow-up MRIs in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to determine the utility of intravenous, gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-GBCA) use in routine follow-up imaging. Methods We retrospectively identified head MRIs associated with an MS diagnosis acquired between January 1, 2015and January 10, 2018. Final reports were reviewed to determine the presence of (1) a new or larger lesion, (2) at least one enhancing lesion, and (3) if at least one enhancing lesion was new or larger on Fluid-Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR). For MRIs with at least one enhancing lesion, but no new or larger enhancing lesions, reports and images of the preceding MRI were reviewed. Results A total of 1,805 MRIs performed on 920 patients were included. 354/1,805 (20%) MRIs reported new or enlarging lesions. 138/1,805 (8%) MRIs reported at least one enhancing lesion. Of these, 117/138 (85%) reported at least one enhancing lesion that was new or larger. In the remaining 21 MRIs which contained an enhancing lesion but none of the enhancing lesions were reported as new or enlarging, at least one enhancing lesion was present on preceding MRI. Conclusions Enhancing lesions are uncommon on follow-up MRIs in MS patients. Our data suggest that new enhancing lesions are not present on a follow-up MRI when two conditions are met: (1) preceding MRI does not demonstrate any enhancing lesions and (2) there is no interval change of the lesions on the current 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence compared to the preceding 3D-T2-FLAIR sequence. IV-GBCA should be reserved for instances when temporal knowledge of lesion formation is needed.
Sensing the self: a dance/movement therapy model of embodied identity development

Identity development has been thetopic of much literature, and a strong sense of self is considered important for mental health. However, most literature has taken a primarily cognitive approach to...
Individual differences in executive function and learning: The role of knowledge type and conflict with prior knowledge.

Abstract Executive function (EF) predicts children’s academic achievement; however, less is known about the relation between EF and the actual learning process. The current study examined how aspects of the material to be learned—the type of information and the amount of conflict between the content to be learned and children’s prior knowledge—influence the relation between individual differences in EF and learning. Typically developing 4-year-olds (N = 61) completed a battery of EF tasks and several animal learning tasks that varied on the type of information being learned (factual vs. conceptual) and the amount of conflict with the learners’ prior knowledge (no prior knowledge vs. no conflicting prior knowledge vs. conflicting prior knowledge). Individual differences in EF predicted children’s overall learning, controlling for age, verbal IQ, and prior knowledge. Children’s working memory and cognitive flexibility skills predicted their conceptual learning, whereas children’s inhibitory control skills predicted their factual learning. In addition, individual differences in EF mattered more for children’s learning of information that conflicted with their prior knowledge. These findings suggest that there may be differential relations between EF and learning depending on whether factual or conceptual information is being taught and the degree of conceptual change that is required. A better understanding of these different relations serves as an essential foundation for future research designed to create more effective academic interventions to optimize children’s learning.
Use of zirconia onlays in a maxillary removable implant-supported denture: A clinical report.

Abstract A common complication with the use of acrylic resin denture teeth is wear of the occlusal surfaces. Modifying the occlusal surfaces with gold onlays has been suggested to combat this phenomenon. This clinical report describes the use of zirconia as an alternative material on a patient with increased tendencies for occlusal wear. The advantages of using zirconia include wear resistance, decreased cost, and straightforward fabrication.
The efffct of torsional oscillations on earthquake stresses

A comparison is made between the maximum stresses induced by earthquake-excited vibrations of an unsymmetrical structure and those induced in a symmetrical structure. These stresses are compared with the commonly used equivalent static method of analysis, and it is shown that the static method underestimates significantly the magnitude of the maximum stresses. Although the maximum stresses are quite sensitive to changes in the relative rigidity of the walls, an energy analysis of the vibration problem shows that the relative rigidities are not crucially important in determining the ultimate strength of the building.
Uridine Diphosphate Galacturonate 4-Epimerase from the Blue-Green Alga Anabaena flos-aquae

Abstract Epimerization of UDP-glucuronate to UDP-galacturonate in the blue-green alga Anabaena flos-aquae is catalyzed by an enzyme distinct from UDP-galactose 4-epimerase. Partially purified UDP-galacturonate 4-epimerase from this organism has the following characteristics: Km for UDP-glucuronate, 37 µm; pH optimum, 8.5; equilibrium constant (in the direction of UDP-galacturonate formation), 2.6; approximate molecular weight, 54,000. DPN, TPN, and UDP-glucose are inhibitors competitive with substrate. UMP- and UDP-xylose are allosteric inhibitors with Hill constants of 1.6 and 2.1. These data suggest homotropic cooperativity in the binding of at least 2 inhibitor molecules to the enzyme.
Demosthenes of Athens and the Fall of Classical Greece

Preface Acknowledgements List of Illustrations and Maps Demosthenes' Life: The Main Events Speech Numbers and Titles Quotations and Abbreviations Chapter 1. Preamble: "Politicians and Heroes" Chapter 2. Demosthenes, Son of Demosthenes Chapter 3. Greece and the Awakening of Macedonia Chapter 4. Into the Public Eye Chapter 5. The Aspiring Politician Chapter 6. Swaying the Assembly Chapter 7. An Uneasy Peace Chapter 8. Resisting Philip Chapter 9. "Speeches Like Soldiers" Chapter 10. The End of Greek Freedom Chapter 11. "For the Conqueror, Death" Chapter 12. Demosthenes and Alexander the Great Chapter 13. The Crown Trial Chapter 14. Decline and Fall Chapter 15. Poison from the Pen Appendix: Ancient Coinage and Months of the Attic Year Bibliography Index
Blobworld: A System for Region-Based Image Indexing and Retrieval

Blobworld is a system for image retrieval based on finding coherent image regions which roughly correspond to objects. Each image is automatically segmented into regions ("blobs") with associated color and texture descriptors. Queryingi s based on the attributes of one or two regions of interest, rather than a description of the entire image. In order to make large-scale retrieval feasible, we index the blob descriptions usinga tree. Because indexing in the high-dimensional feature space is computationally prohibitive, we use a lower-rank approximation to the high-dimensional distance. Experiments show encouraging results for both queryinga nd indexing.
Effects of Brief Computer Training on Attitudes toward Computer Use in Practice: An Educational Experiment.

Abstract The question of how best to introduce microcomputer technology into the regular social work curriculum is a difficult one. Although initial exposure and learning in context are pedagogically desirable, the prospect of adding more content to beginning practice courses is problematic. This article reports the results of an experiment designed to examine the effects of a minimal training intervention on master of social work degree students' interest in, use of, and attitudes toward computer use in social work practice. Two sections of Social Work Practice 1 taught by the same instructor were used. All students reported high interest, usage, receptivity, and ownership. At posttest and one-semester follow-up, nonsignificant differences were found between training and control sections on measures of use, interest, and attitude. Integration of microcomputer training across the social work practice curriculum is recommended.