cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical and electrochemical conditions on steel under disbonded coatings: the effect of applied potential, solution resistivity, crevice thickness and holiday size

Abstract A cell was used to model previously disbonded regions of a tape-coated, buried steel pipeline under impressed current cathodic protection. The impact of applied cathodic potential, solution resistivity, gap thickness and holiday size of the disbonded region were investigated. Corrosion mitigating conditions were found at a crevice potential of −1.08 V-Cu/CuSO4 (CSE) and more negative ones. Solution resistivity does not seem to have an effect on the environment. Thinner crevices show a faster increase in pH than thicker ones. Holiday size is related to the amount of current required to establish a given potential, which in turns affects the pH obtained.
Prediction of the 3D Structure of FMRF‐amide Neuropeptides Bound to the Mouse MrgC11 GPCR and Experimental Validation

We report the 3D structure predicted for the mouse MrgC11 (mMrgC11) receptor by using the MembStruk computational protocol, and the predicted binding site for the F-M-R-F-NH(2) neuropeptide together with four singly chirally modified ligands. We predicted that the R-F-NH(2) part of the tetrapeptide sticks down into the protein between the transmembrane (TM) domains 3, 4, 5, and 6. The Phe (F-NH(2)) interacted favorably with Tyr110 (TM3), while the Arg makes salt bridges to Asp161 (TM4) and Asp179 (TM5). We predicted that the Met extends from the binding site, but the terminal Phe residue sticks back into an aromatic/hydrophobic site flanked by Tyr237, Leu238, Leu240, and Tyr256 (TM6), and Trp162 (TM4). We carried out subsequent mutagenesis experiments followed by intracellular calcium-release assays that demonstrated the dramatic decrease in activity for the Tyr110Ala, Asp161Ala, and Asp179Ala substitutions, which was predicted by our model. These experiments provide strong evidence that our predicted G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structure is sufficiently accurate to identify binding sites for selective ligands. Similar studies were made with the mMrgA1 receptor, which did not bind the R-F-NH(2) dipeptide; we explain this to be due to the increased hydrophobic character of the binding pocket in mMrgA1.
Effect of Carp Pituitary Extract and Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Analog Hormone on Reproductive Indices and Spawning of 3-Year-Old Channel Catfish

Abstract The efficacy of pituitary extract from common carp Cyprinus carpio (CPE) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) treatments in inducing spawning in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus undergoing their first oogenesis just before the spawning season was evaluated in four commercial strains of channel catfish. Before the hormones were injected, the average oocyte size (1,624 μm) in May, the typical start of the spawning season, was smaller than that considered normal for mature oocytes (3,000 μm) in this species. Priming and resolving doses of CPE, LHRHa, or saline were administered in early May. Plasma estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels were measured before the priming (0 h) and resolving (20 h) doses and 4 h later (24 h). Oocyte germinal vesicle migration and cathepsin B, D, and L activities were assessed at 0 and 24 h. At 20 h, estradiol levels were significantly higher in CPE- and LHRHa-treated fish. For LHRHa-treated fish, 20-h levels of T were also significantly highe...
Displaced New Orleans Residents in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Results From a Pilot Survey

This article introduces us to the complexities of conducting social scientific research in a major urban disaster zone and reports on results from the most systematic survey at the time aimed at tracking the whereabouts of pre-Katrina residents during the first year of recovery, the Displaced New Orleans Residents Pilot Survey. This survey drew an area-probability sample of pre-Katrina dwellings and set out to interview the residents approximately 12 months after the storm, when educated guesses placed the New Orleans’s city population at roughly half its pre-Katrina total. Results confirm that early returnees tended to be disproportionately White, elderly, better educated, and far less likely to have homes rendered uninhabitable by the disaster. These patterns begin to show how demographic processes triggered by the disaster exacerbated existing inequalities in the region, allowing more advantaged residents to return while leaving less advantaged residents dispersed across numerous destinations.
The Role of Working Memory and Fluency Practice on the Reading Comprehension of Students Who Are Dysfluent Readers

The authors investigated whether practice in reading fluency had a causal influence on the relationship between working memory (WM) and text comprehension for 155 students in Grades 2 and 4 who were poor or average readers. Dysfluent readers were randomly assigned to repeated reading or continuous reading practice conditions and compared with untreated dysfluent and fluent readers on posttest measures of fluency, word identification, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Three main findings emerged: (a) The influence of WM on text comprehension was not related to fluency training, (b) dysfluent readers in the continuous-reading condition had higher posttest scores than dysfluent readers in the other conditions on measures of text comprehension but not on vocabulary, and (c) individual differences in WM better predicted posttest comprehension performance than word-attack skills. In general, the results suggested that although continuous reading increased comprehension, fluency practice did not compensate for WM demands. The results were interpreted within a model that viewed reading comprehension processes as competing for a limited supply of WM resources that operate independent of fluency.
Right ventricular biopsy findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a patient with Noonan syndrome

We report right ventricular ultrastructure in a 20-year-old patient with Noonan's Syndrome. Initial left ventricular and septal myocardial hypertrophy, observed at 2 months without obstruction, progressed to biventricular involvement over 18 years. Histopathologic evidence of cardiomyocytic disarray, with ultrastructural evidence of myofibrillar disarray, confirmed typical biopsy findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on the right ventricular side of the septum.
Controlling False Alarms With Support Vector Machines

We study the problem of designing support vector classifiers with respect to a Neyman-Pearson criterion. Specifically, given a user-specified level alpha isin (0,1), how can we ensure a false alarm rate no greater than q while minimizing the miss rate? We examine two approaches, one based on shifting the offset of a conventionally trained SVM and the other based on the introduction of class-specific weights. Our contributions include a novel heuristic for improved error estimation and a strategy for efficiently searching the parameter space of the second method. We also provide a characterization of the feasible parameter set of the 2v-SVM on which the second approach is based. The proposed methods are compared on four benchmark datasets
SmartPhoto: a resource-aware crowdsourcing approach for image sensing with smartphones

Photos obtained via crowdsourcing can be used in many critical applications. Due to the limitations of communication bandwidth, storage and processing capability, it is a challenge to transfer the huge amount of crowdsourced photos. To address this problem, we propose a framework, called SmartPhoto, to quantify the quality (utility) of crowdsourced photos based on the accessible geographical and geometrical information (called metadata) including the smartphone's orientation, position and all related parameters of the built-in camera. From the metadata, we can infer where and how the photo is taken, and then only transmit the most useful photos. Three optimization problems regarding the tradeoffs between photo utility and resource constraints, namely the Max-Utility problem, the online Max-Utility problem and the Min-Selection problem, are studied. Efficient algorithms are proposed and their performance bounds are theoretically proved. We have implemented SmartPhoto in a testbed using Android based smartphones, and proposed techniques to improve the accuracy of the collected metadata by reducing sensor reading errors and solving object occlusion issues. Results based on real implementations and extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Descent of the Dollar and Rise of the Rest

Though another Great Depression seems to have been averted for the moment, great geo-economic shifts are in the works as a result of the global meltdown emanating from Wall Street. Four Nobel laureates in economics take a look at where we are headed.
Metadata quality assessment: A phased approach to ensuring long‐term access to digital resources

Maintaining usable and sustainable digital collections necessitates maintaining high-quality metadata about those digital objects. The two aspects of digital library data quality are the quality of the data in the objects themselves, and the quality of the metadata associated with the objects. Because poor metadata quality can result in ambiguity, poor recall and inconsistent search results, the existence of robust quality assurance mechanisms is a necessary feature of a well-functioning digital library. In order for end users to benefit fully from the development of digital libraries, responsible and viable service providers need to address metadata quality issues. Based on the University of North Texas Libraries experiences, this paper discusses issues related to metadata quality management and demonstrates a number of tools, workflows and quality assurance mechanisms.
Breast cancer survivors willingness to participate in an acupuncture clinical trial: a qualitative study.

Purpose Acupuncture is a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modality that shows promise as a component of supportive breast cancer care. Lack of robust recruitment for clinical trial entry has limited the evidence base for acupuncture as a treatment modality among breast cancer survivors. The objective of this study is to identify key decision-making factors among breast cancer survivors considering entry into an acupuncture clinical trial for treatment of symptoms.
Ion-solvent effects on the PMR spectrum of sodium tetraethylaluminate

Abstract The PMR spectrum of NaAlEt 4 has been investigated in a number of solvents at the ambient temperature, and in THF as a function of temperature and concentration. It coordinating solvents, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), the PMR spectrum of NaAlEt 4 consists of an evenly spaced, 9-line pattern at high field and a more complex multiplet at somewhat lower field, assigned to the methylene and methyl resonances, respectively, of the ethyl groups. In a non-coordinating solvent (benzene) this spectrum appears as a broadened quartet and triplet, respectively, indicating that the two- and three-bond couplings of these protons to the aluminum nucleus have collapsed, leaving only the normal proton-proton splitting of the ethyl group pattern. By analogy to earlier studies, this solvent dependence is interpreted as resulting from a solvation equilibrium in which one observes a predominance of symmetric, solvent-separated anions in coordinating solvents, and of contact ion pairs (of lower symmetry) in the hydrocarbon. The pattern shapes in the PMR spectrum of NaAlEt 3 H in DME (which is thought to support solvent separation) are similar to those recorded for NaAlEt 4 in benzene, as expected on the basis of the effect of the degradation of symmetry about the aluminum nucleus. K eq for the dissociation of NaAlEt 4 into separated ion pairs in THF is smaller than for the corresponding dissociation of LiAlMe 4 , but apparently larger than for NaAlMe 4 . PMR signals observed for NaAlEt 4 in Et 4 O exhibit the same pattern width as seen in DME but are of inferior definition and thus suggest that this solvent also supports solvent separation, although to a somewhat lesser degree than the other coordinating solvents.
Perceptions of Interviewers' Evaluative Criteria for the Initial Job Interview: Implications for Marketing Our Students

Two hundred and sixty job interviewers and 110 marketing students rated the importance of 25 positive and 25 negative attributes of the interviewee in the initial job interview. Factor analysis of the interviewers' ratings indicated that they tended to focus on seven factors (evaluative criteria). Students accurately perceived the importance of four of these factors, but significantly misperceived the importance of the other three. No support for a negativity bias was found. Implications for grooming the students were discussed.
NEDD9 Regulates Actin Dynamics through Cortactin Deacetylation in an AURKA/HDAC6-Dependent Manner

TheprometastaticproteinNEDD9(neuralprecursorcellexpressed,developmentallydownregulated9)ishighly expressedinmanycancersandisrequiredformesenchymalindividualcellmigrationandprogressiontotheinvasive stage. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of NEDD9-driven migration and the downstream targets effecting metastasis are not well defined. In the current study, knockdown of NEDD9 in highly metastatic tumor cells drastically reduces their migratory capacity due to disruption of actin dynamics at the leading edge. Specifically, NEDD9 deficiency leads to a decrease in the persistence and stability of lamellipodial protrusions similar to knockdownofcortactin(CTTN).Mechanistically,itwasshownthatNEDD9bindstoandregulatesacetylationof CTTN in an Aurora A kinase (AURKA)/HDAC6–dependent manner. The knockdown of NEDD9 or AURKA results in an increase in the amount of acetylated CTTN and a decrease in the binding of CTTN to F-actin. Overexpression of the deacetylation mimicking (9KR) mutant of CTTN is sufficient to restore actin dynamics at the leading edge and migration proficiency of the tumor cells. Inhibition of AURKA and HDAC6 activity by alisertib and Tubastatin A in xenograft models of breast cancer leads to a decrease in the number of pulmonary metastases. Collectively, these findings identify CTTN as the key downstream component of NEDD9-driven migration and metastatic phenotypes. Implications: This study provides a mechanistic platform for therapeutic interventions based on AURKA and HDAC6 inhibition for patients with metastatic breast cancer to prevent and/or eradicate metastases. Mol Cancer Res; 12(5); 681–93. � 2014 AACR.
Defining Adult Experiences: Perspectives of a Diverse Sample of Young Adults.

This study explored the roles and psychological experiences identified as defining adult moments using mixed methods with a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse sample of young adults both enrolled and not enrolled in college (N = 726; ages 18-35). First, we evaluated results from a single survey item that asked participants to rate how adult they feel. Consistent with previous research, the majority of participants (56.9%) reported feeling "somewhat like an adult," and older participants had significantly higher subjective adulthood, controlling for other demographic variables. Next, we analyzed responses from an open-ended question asking participants to describe instances in which they felt like an adult. Responses covered both traditional roles (e.g., marriage, childbearing; 36.1%) and nontraditional social roles and experiences (e.g., moving out of parent's home, cohabitation; 55.6%). Although we found no differences by age and college status in the likelihood of citing a traditional or nontraditional role, participants who had achieved more traditional roles were more likely to cite them in their responses. In addition, responses were coded for psychological experiences, including responsibility for self (19.0%), responsibility for others (15.3%), self-regulation (31.1%), and reflected appraisals (5.1%). Older participants were significantly more likely to include self-regulation and reflected appraisals, whereas younger participants were more likely to include responsibility for self. College students were more likely than noncollege students to include self-regulation and reflected appraisals. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Language: en
Troubleshooting the Malfunctioning CRT-D Device: A Systematic Approach

Inability to cannulate the coronary sinus occurs in fewer than 5% of patients. Extracardiac stimulation, including diaphragmatic stimulation, occurs in less than 6% of patients. The use of a device and leads with multiple programmable pacing configurations may mitigate the need for lead repositioning at a later date. Capture should be checked using alternate vectors, and cathodal capture should be confirmed. Any factor that reduces ventricular pacing will hamper resynchronization/CRT; the goal is resynchronization 100% of the time. Sensing problems in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator may result in either inappropriate therapy or failure to deliver appropriate therapy. Oversensing can originate from intracardiac signals (eg, P waves), or extracardiac signals (eg, pectoral muscle potentials). Electromagnetic inference and radiation therapy may have adverse effects on cardiovascular implantable electronic device function.
Guidelines for physician-assisted suicide: can the challenge be met?

The question of legalizing physician-assisted suicide (PAS) has become a serious public debate. Growing interest in assisted suicide reflects a public increasingly fearful of the process of dying, particularly the prospect of dying a painful, protracted, or undignified death. PAS has been proposed as a compassionate response to unrelievable suffering, designed to give terminally or incurably ill individuals direct control over the timing, manner, and circumstances of their death. Although the American Medical Association remains firmly opposed to legalizing PAS, many physicians have begun to express support for the practice, and some have acknowledged that they have helped patients commit suicide despite the existing legal ban. As support for PAS grows, it becomes increasingly likely that the practice will be legalized in at least some states in the not-too-distant future. In 1994, Oregon voters approved a referendum legalizing PAS for competent, terminally ill patients; a federal court injunction preventing the referendum from going into effect is currently on appeal, and it is widely expected that the injunction will be lifted.
Age, sex, and setting factors and labor force in athletic training.

Context: Occupation or occupational setting shifts might be occurring in the athletic training profession, and differences between sexes might exist; however, little evidence exists to confirm this...
Modeling of waste form performance and system release

Kinetic and thermodynamic approaches to the derivation of long-term release rates of species from defense waste glass are reviewed. It is concluded that at high flow rates kinetic factors are predominant, while at low flow rates saturation of the aqueous medium with respect to major matrix elements, particularly with respect to silica present in the glass and in its alteration products, becomes a controlling factor. Quantitative calculations indicate that under likely repository conditions the release rates can be expected, in general, to fall below the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission criterion of 10/sup -5/ yr/sup -1/.
Pathogenisis and Immunity to Entamoeba Histolytica

Diseases caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica disproportionately affect residents of underdeveloped areas, afflicting places lacking sufficient sanitation, hygiene, and water processing especially. While the recent differentiation between Entamoeba histolytica and the morphologically identical but completely asymptomatic Entamoeba dispar based on genetic and biochemical analyses has enhanced the study of the disease-causing parasite, a mystery still exists as to the factors which still cause about 90% of Entamoeba histolytica infections to remain asymptomatic after colonization. Researchers delving into these areas have identified several features of the parasite—including the galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine inhibitable adherence lectin, proteinases, and amoebapores, all virulence factors in Entamoeba—and of the host, including the association of anti-lectin IgA with resistance to disease, which may determine whether infection is invasive. As specific and easy diagnostics are developed to aid in identifying more precisely the health burden caused by E. histolytica, vaccine candidates are under evaluation.
The Effect of Boundary Layer on Sonic Flow Through an Abrupt Cross-Sectional Area Change

It has long been known that the pressure at the base of highspeed projectiles is lower than the ambient pressure. Since experimental work on projectiles has indicated that the boundar} layer definitely affects the base pressure, it was decided to investigate the effect of the boundary layer on the similar phenomena occurring in internal sonic or supersonic flow through a sudden enlargement of cross section.
An ab Initio Study of NenN2+ Clusters (1 < n < 3)

Ab initio calculations at Hartree−Fock and post-Hartree−Fock levels are used to investigate the energies and geometries of the NenN2+ clusters, with n = 1−3. The complexes are found to be bound versus N2+ and neon atoms. The complexes featuring one and two neon atoms are linear, while at Hartree−Fock level, the complex with three neon atoms is the most stable in the conformation in which the neon atoms are positioned around one nitrogen.
Operant avoidance in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto) during the first month of life

Standard procedures were used to shape the bar-pressing avoidance response in a rhesus infant within the first month of life. By overlapping the last second of a 15-sec. tone with shock, termination of the tone was eventually sufficient stimulus change to reinforce successive approximations to the bar-press response. Eight sessions of 1 hr. or less, given over a 12-day period, yielded apparent FR 2 schedule control, the two responses being required within the first 14 sec. of tone to terminate the tone and avoid the shock.
Enhancing latent cognitive capacity in mild cognitive impairment with gist reasoning training: a pilot study.

Objective Cognitive training offers a promising way to mitigate cognitive deterioration in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This randomized control pilot trial examined the effects of Gist Reasoning Training on cognition as compared with a training involving New Learning in a well-characterized MCI group. Methods Fifty participants with amnestic MCI were randomly assigned to the experimental Gist Training group or an active control New Learning group. Both groups received 8 h of training over a 4-week period. We compared pre-training with post-training changes in cognitive functions between the two training groups. Results The Gist Training group showed higher performance in executive function (strategic control and concept abstraction) and memory span compared with the New Learning group. Conversely, the New Learning group showed gains in memory for details. Conclusion These findings suggest that cognitive training in general yields benefits, and more specifically, training programs that target top-down cognitive functions such as gist reasoning may have a broad impact on improving cognition in MCI. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Right Intention and the Ends of War

ABSTRACTThe jus ad bellum criterion of right intention (CRI) is a central guiding principle of just war theory. It asserts that a country’s resort to war is just only if that country resorts to war for the right reasons. However, there is significant confusion, and little consensus, about how to specify the CRI. We seek to clear up this confusion by evaluating several distinct ways of understanding the criterion. On one understanding, a state’s resort to war is just only if it plans to adhere to the principles of just war while achieving its just cause. We argue that the first understanding makes the CRI superfluous, because it can be subsumed under the probability of success criterion. On a second understanding, a resort to war is just only if a state’s motives, which explain its resort to war, are of the right kind. We argue that this second understanding of the CRI makes it a significant further obstacle to justifying war. However, this second understanding faces a possible infinite regress problem, wh...
Effects of an opiate receptor antagonist on renin release in dogs.

The present experiments were designed to determine whether blockade of endogenous opiate receptors with naloxone would suppress renin release induced by circulating epinephrine or by reductions of renal perfusion pressure. In the first series of experiments, anesthetized dogs were prepared with a flow probe around the left renal artery and a catheter in the left renal vein, permitting measurement of renin secretion before, during, and after 15-min infusions of epinephrine (50 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv). The epinephrine infusions were conducted either before or after blockade of opiate receptors with naloxone (1 mg/kg iv). Naloxone failed to alter the renin secretory response to intravenous epinephrine infusion. In a second series of experiments, anesthetized dogs were uninephrectomized and prepared with a constrictor cuff around the left renal artery and a renal arterial catheter distal to the cuff. After control measurements of renal perfusion pressure and plasma renin activity (PRA), the cuff was constricted at 15-min intervals to produce controlled stepwise reductions of renal perfusion pressure ranging from 15 to 90 mmHg. One-half of the animals was pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg iv). Naloxone pretreatment had no effect on the PRA response to reduced renal perfusion pressure at any pressure. The data fail to support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides are modulators in the control of renin release.
Prospective evaluation of terazosin for the treatment of autonomic dysreflexia

AbstractTerazosin was evaluated in 21 normotensive spinal cord injured patients with autonomic dysreflexia. The patients were followed for 3 months during which the autonomic dysreflexia severity and frequency were evaluated. Autonomic dysreflexia severity mean score was significantly improved when measured at baseline and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months (10.3 ± 4.2, 5.08 ± 2.3, 3.83 ± 2.5 and 4.5 ± 1.4, respectively, p <0.0005). No statistically significant change was seen in erectile function and blood pressure. Three patients complained of fatigue, 1 of whom had the dosage reduced from 5 to 2.5mg. daily. Terazosin appears to be effective in preventing serious harm from autonomic dysreflexia without erectile function impairment. The effectiveness is significant in the first week and remains for at least 3 months.
Review: surgical site, advanced age, and comorbid conditions increase risk for postoperative pulmonary complications.

Source Citation Smetana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE. Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for noncardiothoracic surgery: systematic review for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern M...
The links between gender role beliefs, conceptions of the family, attitudes toward Poland's membership in the European Union, religiosity, and Polish support for gay and lesbian rights

ABSTRACTMuch has been written about the sources of public opinion regarding gay and lesbian civil rights and liberties in the West. In contrast, we know far less about the dynamics of sexual prejudice in other places in the world, including in Eastern Europe, where social movements on behalf of gay and lesbian rights are a more recent phenomenon. My goal in this article is to examine the etiology of Poles’ views on gay and lesbian rights. In light of the theory and empirical evidence that suggest significant links between religiosity, cultural beliefs regarding family, gender roles, and attitudes toward Poland's membership in the European Union on the one hand and support for equal treatment of gays and lesbians on the other, I seek here to explore the nature of these links. The analysis I summarize also contributes to the larger literature on attitudes toward sexual minorities by simultaneously modeling the relationships between these variables using nationally representative survey data.
GPI-80 Defines Self-Renewal Ability In Hematopoietic Stem Cells During Human Development

Advances in pluripotent stem cell and reprogramming technologies have provided hope of generating transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in culture. However, better understanding of the identity and regulatory mechanisms that define the self-renewing HSC during human development is required. We discovered that the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein GPI-80 (Vanin-2), previously implicated in neutrophil diapedesis, distinguishes a functionally distinct subpopulation of human fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) that possess self-renewal ability. CD34+CD90+CD38-GPI80+ HSPCs were the only population that could maintain proliferative potential and undifferentiated state in co-culture on supportive stroma, and displayed engraftment potential in sublethally irradiated NSG mice. GPI-80 expression also enabled tracking of human HSC during development as they migrate across fetal hematopoietic niches, including early fetal liver and bone marrow. Microarray analysis comparing CD34+CD90+CD38-GPI80+ HSPC to their immediate progeny (CD34+CD90+CD38-GPI80-) identified novel candidate self-renewal regulators. Knockdown of GPI80, or the top enriched transcripts encoding surface proteins (ITGAM) or transcription factors (HIF3a) documented the necessity of all three molecules in sustaining human fetal HSC self-renewal. These findings provide new insights to the poorly understood regulation of human HSC development and suggest that human fetal HSCs utilize common mechanisms with leukocytes to enable cell-cell interactions critical for HSC self-renewal. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Relational and Identity Processes in Communication: A Contextual and Meta-Analytical Review of Communication Accommodation Theory

Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) has served as a cross-disciplinary framework for understanding the adjustments individuals make to create, maintain, or decrease social distance in interactions. We provide a systematic review of CAT by examining 149 articles (1973–2010) to identify categories and trends in the contexts of inquiry, sample characteristics, and locus of assessment. Next, we summarize a meta-analysis of a subset of these articles (k = 76, N = 18,382) to identify effect sizes for specific behaviors (e.g., nonaccommodation, reluctant accommodation) and correlates of these behaviors (e.g., quality of contact, relational solidarity). Theoretical and methodological considerations are discussed.Indicates manuscript was used in contextual or meta-analysis.
Subject expression in L2 Spanish: Convergence of generative and usage-based perspectives?

The extensive literature on subject expression in Spanish makes for rich comparisons between generative (formal) and usage-based (functional) approaches to language acquisition. This article explor...
The Vitamin D Receptor Regulates Tissue Resident Macrophage Response to Injury

Ligand-dependent actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play a pleiotropic role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The liganded VDR is required for recruitment of macrophages during the inflammatory phase of cutaneous wound healing. Although the number of macrophages in the granulation tissue 2 days after wounding is markedly reduced in VDR knockout (KO) compared with wild-type mice, VDR ablation does not alter macrophage polarization. Parabiosis studies demonstrate that circulatory chimerism with wild-type mice is unable to rescue the macrophage defect in the wounds of VDR KO mice and reveal that wound macrophages are of local origin, regardless of VDR status. Wound cytokine analyses demonstrated a decrease in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) protein levels in VDR KO mice. Consistent with this, induction of M-CSF gene expression by TGFβ and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was impaired in dermal fibroblasts isolated from VDR KO mice. Because M-CSF is important for macrophage self-renewal, studies were performed to evaluate the response of tissue resident macrophages to this cytokine. A decrease in M-CSF induced proliferation and cyclin D1 expression was observed in peritoneal resident macrophages isolated from VDR KO mice, suggesting an intrinsic macrophage abnormality. Consistent with this, wound-healing assays in mice with macrophage-specific VDR ablation demonstrate that a normal wound microenvironment cannot compensate for the absence of the VDR in macrophages and thus confirm a critical role for the macrophage VDR in the inflammatory response to injury.
Integrated Post-GWAS Analysis Sheds New Light on the Disease Mechanisms of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a large genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many schizophrenia-associated common variants. For most of the reported associations, however, the underlying biological mechanisms are not clear. The critical first step for their elucidation is to identify the most likely disease genes as the source of the association signals. Here, we describe a general computational framework of post-GWAS analysis for complex disease gene prioritization. We identify 132 putative schizophrenia risk genes in 76 risk regions spanning 120 schizophrenia-associated common variants, 78 of which have not been recognized as schizophrenia disease genes by previous GWAS. Even more significantly, 29 of them are outside the risk regions, likely under regulation of transcriptional regulatory elements contained therein. These putative schizophrenia risk genes are transcriptionally active in both brain and the immune system, and highly enriched among cellular pathways, consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses about the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. With their involvement in distinct biological processes, these putative schizophrenia risk genes, with different association strengths, show distinctive temporal expression patterns, and play specific biological roles during brain development.
Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Metallic and Semiconducting Spintronic Materials Based on Ordered Double-Transition-Metal MXenes

Two-dimensional (2D) materials that display robust ferromagnetism have been pursued intensively for nanoscale spintronic applications, but suitable candidates have not been identified. Here we present theoretical predictions on the design of ordered double-transition-metal MXene structures to achieve such a goal. On the basis of the analysis of electron filling in transition-metal cations and first-principles simulations, we demonstrate robust ferromagnetism in Ti2MnC2Tx monolayers regardless of the surface terminations (T = O, OH, and F), as well as in Hf2MnC2O2 and Hf2VC2O2 monolayers. The high magnetic moments (3–4 μB/unit cell) and high Curie temperatures (495–1133 K) of these MXenes are superior to those of existing 2D ferromagnetic materials. Furthermore, semimetal-to-semiconductor and ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transitions are predicted to occur in these materials in the presence of small or moderate tensile in-plane strains (0–3%), which can be externally applied mechanically or inte...
Inflation Volatility, Monetary Policy, and Exchange-Rate Regimes in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Parametric and Nonparametric Analyses

Years after the fall of Communism, countries in Central and Eastern Europe follow a variety of often-changing exchange-rate and inflation targets. How has inflation behaved under such different regimes? This article compares monthly CPI and PPI inflation for six fixed-rate and four floating-rate currencies before estimating structural breaks in each series. It compares whether the mean and variance differ across the breaks in each series, using parametric and nonparametric tests. Granger causality testing is used to examine spillovers between inflation- and exchange-rate volatility. Overall, time-series properties differ across series and regimes, with the Balkans most susceptible to spillovers between exchange-rate and inflation volatility.
A comparison of methods for determining the ventilatory threshold: implications for surgical risk stratification.

The ventilatory threshold (VT) is an objective physiological marker of the capacity of aerobic endurance that has good prognostic applications in preoperative settings. Nevertheless, determining the VT can be challenging due to physiological and methodological issues, especially in evaluating surgical risk. The purpose of the current study was to compare different methods of determining VT and to highlight the implications for assessing perioperative risk. Our study entailed analysis of 445 treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise tests from 140 presurgical candidates with an aortic abdominal aneurysm (≥3.0 to ≤5.0 cm) and a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 72 (8) yr. We used three methods to determine the VT in 328 comparable tests, namely, self-detected metabolic system (MS), experts’ visual (V) readings, and software using a log-log transformation (LLT) of ventilation vs oxygen uptake. Differences and agreement between the three methods were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), coefficient of variation (CV), typical error limits of agreement (LoA), and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Overall, ANOVA revealed significant differences between the methods [MS = 14.1 (4.3) mLO2·kg−1·min−1; V = 14.6 (4.4) mLO2·kg−1·min−1; and LLT = 12.3 (3.3) mLO2·kg−1·min−1; P < 0.001]. The assessment of agreement between methods provided the following results: ICC = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82 to 0.87; P < 0.001; typical error, 2.1–2.8 mLO2·kg−1·min−1; and, 95% LoA and CV ranged from 43 to 55% and 15.9 to 19.6%, respectively. The results show clinically significant variations between the methods and underscore the challenges of determining VT for perioperative risk stratification. The findings highlight the importance of meticulous evaluation of VT for predicting surgical outcomes. Future studies should address the prognostic perioperative utility of computed mathematical models combined with an expert’s review. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00349947.
Conversion of external ventricular drainage to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: to change or not to change the proximal catheter?

In this study, we investigate the occurrence rate of early shunt infection and malfunction in pediatric patients after converting an external ventricular drainage (EVD) to a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) without replacing the ventricular catheter. Data was retrospectively reviewed for 17 pediatric patients (11 male (64.7%), mean age 7.5 years, range 0.25–15 years) who underwent 18 consecutive direct conversions of tunneled EVD to VPS without replacing the ventricular catheter between 2008 and 2017. In each case, the EVD was inserted in sterile fashion within the operating room and tunneled subcutaneously 5–7 cm away from the insertion site. Primary outcome measure was the occurrence of early (within 30 days) VPS infection or malfunction. The mean follow-up time was 56.8 months (±35.7 months). The mean period of EVD before VPS placement was 9.0 days (±3.6 days, range 2–18 days). Five patients had shunt infections/malfunctions. One patient (5.6%) had an early shunt infection after 30 days. One patient had a late shunt infection after 9 months. One patient had an early shunt malfunction after 9 days. Two patients (11.1%) had late shunt malfunctions after 6.5 months and 9 years. There were no other incidents of shunt-related complications or shunt-related mortality. In the pediatric population, the conversion of a tunneled EVD to a VPS without replacing the ventricular catheter can be safely done. Cranial entry is spared, while the rates of shunt infection and malfunction do not increase significantly.
Assessment of relationships between work stress, work-family conflict, burnout and firefighter safety behavior outcomes

Abstract Introduction Burnout, in the context of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and depersonalization, has resulted in detrimental effects to workers. The relationship with safety outcomes, however, has not been fully explored, particularly in the American fire service. The main focus of this study is to delineate the relationships between work stress, work-family conflict, burnout and firefighter safety behavior outcomes. Methods Data were collected from career firefighters in the southeastern United States (n = 208). Path analysis, which allows for the simultaneous modeling of regression relationships, was completed to assess the relationships between work stress, work-family conflict and burnout and the relationships between burnout and multiple firefighter safety behavior outcomes including compliance with personal protective equipment procedures, safe work practices and safety reporting and communication behavior. Results Analyses indicated that both work stress and work-family conflict predicted burnout and burnout negatively influenced personal protective equipment compliance, adherence to safety work practices, and safety reporting and communication. Conclusions Firefighter burnout significantly impacts firefighter safety performance. Firefighters are less likely to exhibit compliance oriented and self-protective behaviors, which may have implications on overall firefighter safety, health and wellbeing.
Are bisphosphonates efficacious in knee osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Summary Objective To clarify the effects of bisphosphonates in knee osteoarthritis (OA) using an up-to-date meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Design The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017073449). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database from inception until August 2017. We included only RCTs comparing any bisphosphonates vs placebo in knee OA patients and reporting validated pain and function scales, radiographic progression, and adverse events (AEs) outcomes. We excluded studies using active comparators or concomitant medications besides non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) to account for variation in outcome scales. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. Results We included seven RCTs (3013 patients, 69% female); most patients ( N = 2767) received oral risedronate. No pain or function outcomes, regardless of dose, route, time point or measuring instrument, revealed statistically significant results (end of trial pain SMD = −0.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.34, 0.02]). Similarly, we found no statistically significant effect on radiographic progression (risk ratio = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.77, 1.26]). One small RCT in patients with bone marrow lesions (BMLs) suggested a reduction in BML size at 6 months. Bisphosphonates displayed good tolerability, with no statistically significant differences in AE outcomes vs placebo. Conclusions Contrary to prior reviews, our analysis showed that bisphosphonates neither provide symptomatic relief nor defer radiographic progression in knee OA. However, these agents may still be beneficial in certain subsets of patients who display high rates of subchondral bone turnover. Future studies should be directed at defining such OA subsets and investigating the effects of bisphosphonates in those patients.
Enhancing long-term photostability of BiVO 4 photoanodes for solar water splitting by tuning electrolyte composition

As the performance of photoelectrodes used for solar water splitting continues to improve, enhancing the long-term stability of the photoelectrodes becomes an increasingly crucial issue. In this study, we report that tuning the composition of the electrolyte can be used as a strategy to suppress photocorrosion during solar water splitting. Anodic photocorrosion of BiVO4 photoanodes involves the loss of V5+ from the BiVO4 lattice by dissolution. We demonstrate that the use of a V5+-saturated electrolyte, which inhibits the photooxidation-coupled dissolution of BiVO4, can serve as a simple yet effective method to suppress anodic photocorrosion of BiVO4. The V5+ species in the solution can also incorporate into the FeOOH/NiOOH oxygen-evolution catalyst layer present on the BiVO4 surface during water oxidation, further enhancing water-oxidation kinetics. The effect of the V5+ species in the electrolyte on both the long-term photostability of BiVO4 and the performance of the FeOOH/NiOOH oxygen-evolution catalyst layer is systematically elucidated. Photoelectrodes used to split water, driven by solar energy, often suffer from a lack of stability. Here the authors demonstrate that a V5+-saturated electrolyte can be used to inhibit photooxidation-coupled dissolution of a BiVO4 photoanode, suppressing photocorrosion and allowing stable photocurrent generation over hundreds of hours.
On Conversation: The Conversation Analytic Perspective

Conversation is an interactional activity exhibiting stable, orderly properties that are the analyzable achievements of the conversants. Conversational analysis is a set of qualitative procedures based on detailed observation to capture the discernible features of conversational exchange. This article discusses the underlying principles of these procedures and considers the nature of conversations governed by institutional membership and master identities.
Review: Delhi's Qutb Complex: The Minar, Mosque and Mehrauli, by Catherine B. Asher

Catherine B. Asher Delhi's Qutb Complex: The Minar, Mosque and Mehrauli Mumbai: Marg Foundation, 2017, 160 pp., 130 illus. $70, ISBN 9789383243198 In Delhi's Qutb Complex: The Minar, Mosque and Mehrauli , Catherine B. Asher presents a longue duree history of one of Delhi's most iconic monuments: the Qutb Minar and its adjoining mosque. This beautifully produced and amply illustrated book also devotes much-needed attention to the many smaller structures that surround the UNESCO-protected site of the Qutb complex in the rapidly developing neighborhood of Mehrauli in South Delhi. Writing for a broad audience, Asher brings together a vast amount of academic literature, covering topics from the origins of the Qutb complex in the late twelfth century to its expansion in the thirteenth century to its subsequent revitalization in the early modern and colonial periods. Mindful of the contemporary controversies surrounding the Qutb complex—particularly the view taken by Hindutva nationalists who point to Hindu elements in the mosque as proof that Islam was established in Delhi through a violent subjugation of indigenous Hindus—she offers a nuanced view of reuse as political strategy rather than religious antagonism in medieval northern India. Nonacademic readers will undoubtedly profit from this thoughtful account of one of Delhi's most historic neighborhoods. Lessons abound too for architectural and urban historians who work on controversial sites and disputed pasts—Asher demonstrates how they can make their scholarship available to a wide audience without compromising rigor or critical analysis. While the book offers many new insights, three themes that run throughout are particularly noteworthy. The first is the Qutb complex as the crossroads of aesthetic vocabularies and craftsmanship, extending from modern-day Iran to the eastern and southern tip of the Indian Mughal Empire and also incorporating Victorian fashions of architecture and landscape. This analysis does much to complicate the long-standing, if not entirely accurate, perspective that the Qutb complex originated in a violent clash between invading Muslim …