cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-channel reconstruction from a randomly sampled array

Compressive sampling has a rich theoretical background in a number of fields from image processing to medical imaging to geophysical data analysis. In this paper we explore compressive sampling from the perspective of classic array processing. We derive a basis appropriate for reconstructing multichannel data which is sparsely sampled from a uniform linear array. Here we reconstruct both time and spatial components of the signal using randomly sampled time series. We present both theoretical and experimental evidence that compressive sampling can be successful for traditional array processing applications.
Use of regadenoson for measurement of fractional flow reserve.

Objective To compare the use of regadenoson to adenosine for measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background FFR is an accepted method to assess the functional significance of intermediate coronary artery stenoses and uses adenosine to induce maximal hyperemia. The use of the selective A2a receptor agonist regadenoson for FFR is not established. Methods Fifty-seven patients undergoing clinically indicated FFR assessment of intermediate coronary stenoses were included. For the initial assessment of FFR, hyperemia was achieved by a standard intravenous adenosine infusion (140 mcg/kg/min). After a washout period of 10 min, FFR was reassessed using regadenoson as a single 0.4 mg intravenous bolus. FFR measurements were recorded at baseline and following maximal hyperemia with both agents. Results Mean age was 57 ± 8 years and 47 were male. Sixty coronary lesions were evaluated and were located in the left anterior descending in 34, the left circumflex in 9, right coronary in 15, and left main coronary artery in 2. Mean ( ± SD) FFR following adenosine and regadenoson was 0.79 ( ± 0.09) and 0.79 (±0.09), respectively, P = NS. Time to FFR nadir was shorter with regadenoson compared to adenosine, 36.6 ± 24 versus 66 ± 0.19 sec, P < 0.0001, respectively. No patients experienced any significant side effects related to regadenoson. Conclusions Regadenoson is a viable alternative to intravenous adenosine for achieving maximal hyperemia during FFR assessment. Compared to adenosine, regadenoson has a similar hemodynamic response, achieves more rapid hyperemia, is easier to use, and has an excellent side-effect profile. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamic modeling of the ZrO system

In this study, the complete zirconium-oxygen system has been critically assessed at 1 at. from 300°C to liquidus temperatures. Thermochemical measurements and phase diagram data were used to model the Gibbs free energies of seven phases. Additionally, the ordered interstitial HCP-based solutions were included and considered as simple line compounds. By using the PARROT module in Thermo-Calc, it was possible to optimize the parameters of the models used to describe the Gibbs free energies of the HCP, BCC, Liquid, γ ZrO2−x,β ZrO2−x and α ZrO2−x phases. The Gas phase was considered to behave ideally. Although phase diagrams including the stoichiometric zirconia phases have been assessed, this is the first time, to the best of our knowledge that a complete assessment of this system is published.
CT and clinical features of acute diverticulitis in an urban U.S. population: rising frequency in young, obese adults.

OBJECTIVE. On the basis of our experience in recent years, we hypothesized that acute diverticulitis occurs more frequently in young adult patients (age, ≤ 50 years) now than previously recognized. We reviewed the CT findings, clinical features, and demographic data of a cohort of patients who presented with acute diverticulitis at an urban U.S. academic medical center.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We used our hospital and radiology databases to identify 104 adult patients with both CT and clinical diagnoses of acute diverticulitis. Clinical parameters recorded included age, sex, ethnicity, in- or outpatient management, and therapy (medical treatment, percutaneous drainage, or surgery). CT studies were evaluated for the site of diverticulitis; associated complications; and the presence of abdominal obesity, as determined by measurement of sagittal abdominal diameter.RESULTS. The study group was composed of 55 men and 49 women (age range, 22-88 years; mean age, 52.2 years; median age, 49.0 years). Fifty-six (53.8...
Aspirin allergy in patients with myocardial infarction: the allergist's role.

Drug hypersensitivity can preclude patients from receiving the drug of choice to treat a specific illness. In some cases, such as penicillin allergy in a pregnant woman with syphilis,1 the drug is clearly indicated, and allergists may be called on to induce temporary drug tolerance (desensitize). In other cases, the medication benefit is not as clear, and allergists must weigh desensitization (DS) risks against the risks and benefits of alternative medications. For aspirin (ASA) hypersensitivity, a significant amount of literature has been published addressing scenarios in which patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are desensitized to ASA, but little has been published to address the issue of ASA hypersensitivity in patients with other types of ASA hypersensitivity andmyocardial infarction (MI). Of the protocols for these patients that have been published, none have been prospectively randomized, validated, or clearly documented to alter the immune system, making the diagnosis and treatment pathway unclear at times. ASA is clearly of benefit in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) or non-STEMI.2 In patients who tolerate ASA, ASA therapy is expected; other antiplatelet agents are additions, not substitutions.3 In the era of dual antiplatelet therapy, allergists can offer cardiology colleagues a valuable service if called on to evaluate patients reporting ASA hypersensitivity.
Robust position and force control for a system of multiple redundant-robots

The stability of position and force control of an uncertain multiple-robot system is presented. The main objective is to obtain the bounded stable tracking performances for position and force simultaneously when the dynamic system is not exactly known. To perform tasks in a system of multiple redundant robots, the coordination among the robots may be incorporated within the position and force controls of the robots, and the constraints among the end-effectors and the rigid object grasped by the end-effectors. When the physical parameters of the robots are known, control laws which are linear in position/orientation errors may be applied to achieve asymptotic stability in both position/orientation of the object, and interactive force/torque among the object and end-effectors. When the physical parameters are not exactly known, robust control laws may be applied to compensate for the errors caused by the uncertainties. The bounds of the errors are dependent on the bounds of the uncertainties and some design factors that can be specified. >
Properties of eigenanalysis methods for bearing estimation algorithms

The use of eigenanalysis to aid in the determination of bearing in passive sonar systems is shown to fall into two classes, each of which has been applied to minimum energy and linear prediction algorithms. The application of eigenanalysis is extended to non-white ambient noise environments in a particular class. The performances of these various methods is compared to some extent in this situation.
Effect of Gender and Sound Spatialization on Speech Intelligibility in Multiple Speaker Environment

In multiple speaker environments such as teleconferences we observe a loss of intelligibility, particularly if the sound is monaural in nature. In this study, we exploit the "Cocktail Party Effect", where a person can isolate one sound above all others using sound localization and gender cues. To improve clarity of speech, each speaker is assigned a direction using Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) which creates an auditory map of multiple conversations. A mixture of male and female voices is used to improve comprehension.
Tobacco industry use of flavours to recruit new users of little cigars and cigarillos

Objective While flavoured cigarettes were prohibited in the USA in 2009, flavoured little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) remain on the market. We describe the evolving strategies used by tobacco companies to encourage uptake of flavoured LCCs and industry research findings on consumer perceptions of flavoured LCC products. Methods Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents was triangulated with data from tobacco advertisement archives, national newspapers, trade press and the internet. Results Flavoured LCC products were associated with young and inexperienced tobacco users, women and African-Americans. Internal industry studies confirmed that menthol and candy-like flavours (eg, vanilla and cherry) increased LCC appeal to starters by masking the heavy cigar taste, reducing throat irritation and making LCC smoke easier to inhale. To appeal to new users, manufacturers also reduced the size of cigars to make them more cigarette-like, introduced filters and flavoured filter tips, emphasised mildness and ease of draw in advertising, and featured actors using little cigars in television commercials. RJ Reynolds tried to capitalise on the popularity of menthol cigarettes among African–Americans and marketed a menthol little cigar to African–Americans. Conclusions Tobacco companies engaged in a calculated effort to blur the line between LCCs to increase the appeal to cigarette smokers, and the use of flavours facilitated these efforts. Bans on flavoured cigarettes should be expanded to include flavoured LCCs, and tobacco use prevention initiatives should include LCCs.
Policy Innovation or Vertical Integration? A View of Immigration Federalism from the States

Since 2005, state legislatures have passed hundreds of immigration bills, and state officials have argued that their efforts attempt to solve immigration crises caused by federal inaction. The state‐federal clash over immigration seems to confirm scholarship suggesting deepening lines of conflict in the federal system since the 1990s. The question remains, however, whether this explosion in state immigration laws signifies a move by states to tailor their own solutions to immigration issues. This article explores whether states are serving as laboratories of innovation for immigration policy. The study analyzes over five hundred immigration bills passed between January 2006 and December 2008, and engages in a comparative analysis of three immigration policy areas (immigration law enforcement, employment regulations, and drivers’ licenses) where there exist varying degrees of state autonomy from national policy and thus distinctive possibilities for states to offer creative approaches to immigration issues. The findings suggest little evidence of policy innovation at the state level, although a handful of states are challenging federal supremacy in immigration matters. In the United States, immigration policy has traditionally been understood as a federal prerogative, and studies of immigration policymaking view the development, design, and implementation of this area of policy as a function of nation-building, or as the affirmation and struggle over state-centric principles of sovereignty, territoriality, and citizenship (Ngai 2004; Tichenor 2002). Since the nineteenth century, the courts have applied the principle of federal exclusivity in immigration matters fairly consistently, giving Congress sole authority in matters pertaining to naturalization and foreign policy and, by extension, to the management of foreign people entering and residing within U.S. territory. More recent policy history offers key examples in which state and local efforts to manage foreigners within their jurisdictions have been struck down by the courts for preempting federal authority (De Canas
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fatigue Failure Is Increased by Limited Internal Femoral Rotation During In Vitro Repeated Pivot Landings

Background:A reduced range of hip internal rotation is associated with increased peak anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain and risk for injury. It is unknown, however, whether limiting the available range of internal femoral rotation increases the susceptibility of the ACL to fatigue failure.Hypothesis:Risk of ACL failure is significantly greater in female knee specimens with a limited range of internal femoral rotation, smaller femoral-ACL attachment angle, and smaller tibial eminence volume during repeated in vitro simulated single-leg pivot landings.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:A custom-built testing apparatus was used to simulate repeated single-leg pivot landings with a 4×-body weight impulsive load that induces knee compression, knee flexion, and internal tibial torque in 32 paired human knee specimens from 8 male and 8 female donors. These test loads were applied to each pair of specimens, in one knee with limited internal femoral rotation and in the contralateral knee with f...
Proteoglycans in human long-term bone marrow cultures: biochemical and ultrastructural analyses.

Proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix of human bone marrow have been implicated in the process of hematopoiesis, but little is known about the structure and composition of these macromolecules in this tissue. Hematopoietically active human long-term bone marrow cultures were incubated with medium containing 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine as labeling precursors. Proteoglycans present in the medium and cell layer were extracted with 4 mol/L guanidine HCI and purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. Both culture compartments contain a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MI, CI) that eluted in the void volume of a Sepharose CL-4B column and contained glycosaminoglycan chains of molecular weight (mol wt) approximately 38,000. A second population of sulfate-labeled material was identified as a broad heterogenous peak (MII, CII) that was included on Sepharose CL-4B at Kav = 0.31. This material when chromatographed on Sepharose CL-6B could be further separated into a void peak (MIIa, CIIa) and an included peak eluting at Kav = 0.39 (MIIb, CIIb). The void peaks (MIIa, CIIa) were susceptible to chondroitinase ABC digestion (99%) but slightly less susceptible to chondroitinase AC digestion (90%). Papain digestion of these peaks revealed them to be proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan chains of mol wt approximately 38,000. The included peaks on Sepharose CL-6B (MIIb, CIIb) from both medium and cell layer compartments resisted digestion with papain, indicating the presence of glycosaminoglycan chains of mol wt approximately 38,000 either free or attached to a small peptide. Although this material was susceptible to chondroitinase ABC (98%), it was considerably less susceptible to chondrotinase AC (approximately 60%), indicating that it contained dermatan sulfate. A small amount of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was also identified but constituted only approximately 10% of the total sulfated proteoglycan extracted from these cultures. Additionally, approximately 40% of the incorporated 3H- activity radioactivity was present as hyaluronic acid. Electron microscopy revealed a layer of adherent cells covered by a mat containing ruthenium red-positive granules that were connected by thin filaments. The extracellular matrix layer above the adherent cells contained a mixture of hematopoietic cells. Chondroitinase ABC treatment of the cultures completely removed the ruthenium red-positive granules overlying the cells and resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of the 35S-sulfate-labeled material from the cell layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Boeing (F): No Nerds, No Birds the Nspe Code of Ethics

This series of six cases (labeled A through F, UVA-E-0233 through UVA-E-0238) presents the various dilemmas that arose in the spring of 2001 when engineers at the Seattle-based Boeing Company, unhappy with management decisions, contemplated and undertook a strike, the first "white-collar" work stoppage in the history of American business.
Genetics as a Tool for Biodiversity Conservation: Examples from Central America

With increasing population growth and demand for resources, pressure on natural systems is an ever growing issue. Given projections o increased food and energy demand over the next 20 years natural systems will experience more stress and more concerted efforts will have to be made to resolve inherent conflicts in land use priorities. More nations are also striving for “energy independence” resulting in more conflicts between natural systems and development. With more emphasis being put on balancing the needs of natural systems with those of humans, planning frameworks that can reconcile a complex a set of considerations including species requirements, ecological integrity, community needs, economics, government policy, regulatory frameworks, ascetics and intrinsic value are critical in the planning process.
Stages of the horn fly susceptible to methoprene.

When 3rd-instars of Haematobia irritans (L.) were exposed to 0.2 ppm methoprene, an insect growth regulator, in cow manure (larval diet), emergence of adults was inhibited 94.5%. However, there was no effect when 1st-, or 2nd-instars or when pupae were exposed to the same treatment. Likewise, no accumulative effect was noted. Apparently, enough methoprene is absorbed by the 3rd-instars so that it is carried over and causes inhibition of adult emergence.
Variable range hopping in single-wall carbon nanotube thin films: a processing-structure-property relationship study.

By varying the ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation conditions, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) dispersions with a broad range of SWCNT length and diameter (L = 342–3330 nm; d = 0.5–12 nm) were prepared and characterized by a preparative ultracentrifuge method (PUM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The well-characterized dispersions were then fabricated into SWCNT thin films by spray coating. Combined optical, spectroscopic, and temperature-dependent electrical measurements were performed to study the effect of SWCNT structures on the charge transport behavior of SWCNT thin films. Regardless of SWCNT size in the dispersion and the thin film thickness, the three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) conduction model was found to be appropriate in explaining the temperature-dependent sheet resistance results for all SWCNT thin films prepared in this study. More importantly, with the SWCNT structural information determined by the PUM method, we were able to identify a strong corre...
Pseudocapacitance of Amorphous TiO2 Thin Films Anchored to Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Using Atomic Layer Deposition

Amorphous TiO2 thin films were conformally coated onto the surface of both graphene (G) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) samples using atomic layer deposition (ALD). An ultrathin Al2O3 adhesion layer was employed to obtain the conformal TiO2 ALD films. Using 1 M KOH as the electrolyte, the electrochemical characteristics of TiO2 ALD films grown using 25 and 50 TiO2 ALD cycles were then determined using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Because the TiO2 ALD films were ultrathin, the poor electrical conductivity and low ionic diffusivity of TiO2 did not limit the ability of the TiO2 ALD films to display high specific capacitance. The specific capacitances of the TiO2 ALD-coated G and CNT samples after 50 TiO2 ALD cycles were 97.5 and 135 F/g, respectively, at 1 A/g. The pseudocapacitance of the TiO2 ALD films greatly exceeded the electric double layer capacitance of the uncoated G and CNT samples. The galvanostatic charge/discharge ex...
Modelling of fluidized bed reactors—IV: Combustion of carbon particles☆

Abstract A model consisting of bubble and emulsion phases is used to describe the combustion of carbon particles in a non-isothermal continuous fluidized bed reactor. The particles are burned by two heterogeneous reactions: oxidation by oxygen and reduction of carbon dioxide. Both reactions produce carbon monoxide which is oxidized by incoming air. The complete set of mass and heat conservation equations are presented. They are simplified for the case in which no oxidation of carbon monoxide is considered within the bubbles and when the rate of the heterogeneous reactions at the surface of the particles is much faster than the rate of diffusion of reactants. Several steady state computations are presented and the effect of some of the operational variables is discussed. In most cases ranges of variables were found for which there are multiple solutions. In particular, it was shown that the interchange coefficients between the bubble and emulsion phase have the strongest effect upon multiplicity. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique steady state are derived.
Investigation on sanitary status of piping drinking water in Zhaoqing City in 2011

[Objective]To know about sanitary status of Zhaoqing's piping drinking water in 2011,and provide scientific evidence for improving sanitary status of Zhaoqing's direct drinking water.[Methods]Random sampling method was adopted to test 120 paired samples of tap water and piping drinking water.[Results] The difference of pH value(6.63),hardness(38 mg/L),total bacterial count(18 CFU/ml) between 120 paired samples were significant(P0.01).The direct drinking water's pH,hardness were much lower than those of tap water.But total bacterial count of direct drinking water was much more than tap water.There were no obvious changes of other detection indexes(P0.05).[Conclusion]It shows direct drinking water quality is changed in Zhaoqing City,pH value and hardness decreasing,total bacterial count over standard,serious secondary pollution.With piping direct drinking water to be popularized,the government should revise sanitary status of drinking water,keeping on strengthening the sanitary management of piping drinking water,preventing secondary pollution,so as to improve the sanitary quality of piping drinking water.
On the Marriage Attitude of Free Love in Korean Novels

Over the long history, such marriage attitudes adopted by conventional Chinese as the obedience to the parents’ wis- hes, the submission to a matchmaker’s proposal, a perfect match on the basis of corresponding social and economic status, and pr- eference to starving to death rather than losing chastity decide a would-be marriage between Koreans as well. It’s unlikely for the youngsters in love to smash the bonds of conventional marriage, neither can they pursue free love and establish an ideal match accordingly.
Differences in presentation of younger and older systemic sclerosis patients in clinical trials.

Objective. To compare the characteristics of younger and older subjects with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) entering clinical trials. Methods. Subjects were participants in three randomised interventional trials that shared relative uniformity of demographics and disease characteristics. Only subjects with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis were evaluated. To maximise possible differences, the lowest (age 53 years) were used, and a total of 264 diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subjects were identified. For the comparison between the two age groups, generalised linear mixed or linear models with adjustment for population norms, demographics and medications were employed to assess differences attributable to subject age. Results. After adjustment for population norms and study effects, differences in diastolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase, AST, and creatinine phosphokinase (CK) were found between the two age groups. After further adjustment for demographics, disease duration and medications, older SSc patients still had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (11 U/L higher), and lower CK (76 U/L lower) than younger patients (p<0.003 for all). All other variables were not significantly different in the two age groups. Conclusion. Clinical baseline differences exist between younger and older patients with SSc. However, after adjustment for population norms and potential confounders, including medications, only differences in alkaline phosphatase (only 11U/L) and CK (76 U/L) remain. Overall, older patients with SSc in clinical trials seem to be more similar to younger patients than was previously thought.
Pre-Conquest Acculturation of the Cora

ABSTRACTThe Cora Indians of Nayarit in northwest Mexico managed to preserve their freedom from Spanish rule for 200 years after their neighbors were conquered and incorporated into colonial Mexico. During this time however, Cora life was significantly altered by Spanish influence. Through European influence great changes took place in Cora material culture and many Spanish religious ideas crept in, even though mission activity was kept out. The final conquest of the Cora in 1722 found the Indians already half acculturated. It is suggested that this free choice means of acculturation was important to the resulting Cora accomodation to Spanish patterns.
Left-sided chest pain: a case report of intra-abdominal aetiology

A 44-year-old African-American male presented to the emergency department with progressive left-sided anterior chest pain of 1-month duration, which was rated six out of 10 in intensity. Associated symptoms included nocturnal dry cough and tenderness to touch. The patient's symptoms were relieved with ibuprofen.
May Fourth Movement and Early Career of Zhou Enlai

This chapter cross-examines, through his own writings and his colleagues’ memoirs, how Zhou Enlai (1898–1976), upon returning from Japan as an unsuccessful student, became involved in the May Fourth Movement of 1919, the first national grassroots movement in the modern history of China calling for anti-imperialism and nationalism, and how he emerged as a leader and was arrested in Tianjin.
Peak creatinine kinase level is a key adjunct in the evaluation of critically ill trauma patients

Abstract Background Elevated creatinine kinase (CK) can indicate rhabdomyolysis, a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated risk factors and clinical significance of peak CK levels. Methods Retrospective analysis, adult trauma patients. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for elevated CK and AKI. Results 3240 trauma patients were analyzed; median time to peak CK was 17 h and 347 patients had peak CK > 5000. On multivariable analysis, younger males with severe injury were more likely to have peak CK > 5000 and peak CK > 5000 was an independent risk factor for AKI (AOR 3.79). Although peak CK levels were significantly lower in older patients (1,637U/L vs 2,604U/L), older patients were more likely to develop AKI at lower CK levels. Conclusions CK levels commonly peak within 1–2 days after admission. Despite lower peak CK levels, older patients are more likely to develop AKI. These data may support more rigorous CK monitoring and lower intervention threshold in older patients.
A Naturalistic inquiry of the restructuring of a middle school: An NCLB mandate

As the 2013-2014 school year approaches, more and more schools across the United States are finding it problematic to meet the annual measurable objective of 100 percent of the school's population meeting its adequate yearly progress (AYP) target, as prescribed by the federal No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation of 2002. Pursuant to NCLB, schools are required to meet the (defined) academic needs of all demographic populations within the school, and to ensure that all students are on grade level. The purpose of this study was to explore first-hand the perceptions, insights and strategies comprising the implementation of a major restructuring plan, and how that restructuring plan affected the school, the teachers, the students, and the school governance on the campus of a middle school in the southwest United States. The study analyzed the restructuring of the school along with the replacement of its administration and staff two years prior to the NCLB time frame requirement. A naturalistic inquiry approach was selected for this research because it allowed for an in-depth exploration of how and why a school was restructured. Data were collected during the 2008-2009 school year using a variety of data collection methods, which included observation, interviews, and document review. The participants of the study consisted of new teachers to the school, rehired teachers, not-rehired teachers, and others, which consisted primarily of non-teaching personnel and administration. Despite claims by district administration, the school was not restructured, it was reconstituted. The reconstitution was used to rid the school of mostly core subject teachers without strict regard to individual abilities or efforts towards offering academic improvement. Discipline was a major unresolved issue on campus and district communication was virtually non-existent. The district's intent to restructure the school into a Professional Development School was superficial and excluded all stakeholders. And because the school was restructured two years before it was required to do so, and then the school was subsequently unable to make AYP with the then new teaching staff, the school had to plan for restructuring all over again during the 2009-2010 school year. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher strongly recommends that before restructuring is considered, it must be well planned, widely communicated, and input should be sought from all stakeholders. In addition, a complete re-evaluation of the school's situation, the teachers and administrators abilities, and the climate should be conducted, thereby mitigating the creation of a negative and hostile environment.
In-Situ and In-Operando Experiments

How do we learn about the electronic and atomic characteristics of novel materials for efficient solar energy conversion (photovoltaics and water-splitting), energy storage (Li-ion batteries and multivalent-ion batteries), and efficient catalytic activity and selectivity in catalysis? The fundamental scientific problems that we plan to understand and ultimately control are: (1) efficient absorption-induced electron-hole pair formation and its separation at the complex interfaces; (2) bandgap, band levels, and band structure of earth abundant materials that are of crucial importance in electrochemical and photocatalytic applications.
Advanced Photovoltaic Power System Development at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory

Photovoltaics continue to be the primary source of electrical power for most near-Sun space missions. The desire to enhance or enable new space missions through higher efficiency, increased specific power (W/kg), increased volumetric power density (W/m3) and improved radiation resistance, along with decreased costs, continues to push the development of novel solar cell and array technologies. To meet present and future space power requirements, advanced multijunction solar cells and novel cell technologies are being pursued. These efforts have resulted in a continual advancement in performance, but new paradigms will be required to continue that performance trend. Similarly, new array technologies are being investigated and developed to meet the ever increasing power system performance requirements.
The Risk-Averting Game of Transport Public-Private Partnership: Lessons from the Adventure of California's State Route 91 Express Lanes

With both the demand for mobility and nationwide fiscal stress increasing, governments at all levels are interested in public-private partnerships as a way to introduce private investment to the public transport infrastructure. Although transport PPPs offer great promise, their complexity entails unusual risks for the investment environment, the project, and the partnership itself. Adopting the lens of game theory, this article traces the evolution of the State Route 91 Express Lanes (91EL) PPP over the past two decades and analyzes the risk-averting behavior of the players in the transport PPP game. The odyssey of 91EL demonstrates that managing transport PPPs requires understanding of the nature of the game, recognition of sectoral differences, the skill to concert divergent interests, willingness to change and learn, and the courage to take risks and explore practical solutions in an erratic political and economic environment.
Optical nonlinearities of excitons in monolayer MoS 2

We calculate linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities arising from the excitonic states of monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ for in-plane light polarizations, using second-quantized bound and unbound exciton operators. Optical selection rules are critical for obtaining the susceptibilities. We derive the valley-chirality rule for the second-order harmonic generation in monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ and find that the third-order harmonic process is efficient only for linearly polarized input light while the third-order two-photon process (optical Kerr effect) is efficient for circularly polarized light using a higher order exciton state. The absence of linear absorption due to the band gap and the unusually strong two-photon third-order nonlinearity make the monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ excitonic structure a promising resource for coherent nonlinear photonics.
The Effects of Emergency Preparedness Communication on People’s Trust, Emotions, and Acceptance of a Nuclear Power Plant

The current study employed an experiment (N = 370) to investigate the effects of emergency preparedness communication on people’s trust, emotions and supportive attitudes toward a nuclear power pla...
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Head Pain: Percutaneous Leads

Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) can be achieved with either percutaneous leads or surgical leads. Most implanters consider percutaneous leads as their first choice as the implanting technique is less invasive and simpler than the surgical leads one. However, the migration rate may be higher. In this chapter, we will review the ONS safety and efficacy data as well as the advantages and limitations of various percutaneous lead implant techniques.
Legal Education and the Ecology of Cultural Justice: How Affirmative Action can Become Race-Neutral by 2028

In this Article, I offer a provocative perspective on the future of affirmative action in higher education. I take issue with both sides in the current debate. End or defend? Neither side is facing reality. So how do I propose to satisfy both legal demands under the U.S. Constitution while responding honestly to rampant, systemic racism in this country? I argue that affirmative action has lost its way and must return to its true meaning and purpose; indeed, affirmative action is the only hope we have of returning to a path that is both acceptable by law and supportable by a vast majority of Americans. The way back is the way forward: allow every applicant who otherwise would not be admitted by the numbers to apply for special consideration in the admissions process based on a proven commitment to complete a clinical curriculum in law and integration studies. By extending the opportunity of exceptional educational training to every applicant ready and willing to advance progressive public policy negotiation and broad-based, community problem solving, affirmative action returns to its original purpose of healing America of racist wounds. In Part II of this Article, I describe the impact of Brown v. Board of Education on my own search for emergence as an American. This is my post-Brown narrative: I am racialized. I am Chicano. I was born the same year that Brown ended legal segregation. I was raised trying to survive drugs, gangs, and gunfire in a tough Los Angeles ghetto. I had no hope that my story would be any different from millions of other impoverished children of immigrants. But my life story changed dramatically and gained American texture through higher education at Yale University, legal training at the University of California, Berkeley, and a career as a law professor - all thanks to affirmative action. In Part III, I examine the U.S. Supreme Court's rulings in Grutter and Parents Involved. Finally, in Part IV, I pose the question: What, then, will become of America's post-Brown narrative? I tie the two recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings and my life story to my clinical development of an alternative construction of affirmative action. I argue that cultural diversity must be understood as too limited a goal. Rather than develop my arguments in the abstract for moving beyond substance-driven goals to process-driven affirmative action, I report below on a clinical law school case study on the ecology of cultural justice. This example, which examines the connection between K-12 education and the juvenile justice system, illuminates stages and principles of integrationist studies and practice that inform and guide the ecology of cultural justice. Students of all ages, especially children, deserve the best education we can give toward improving race relations in America. Are we proceeding with all deliberate speed?
Laboratory Techniques for Determining Engine Cranking Characteristics

This paper describes the Chevrolet cold and hot cranking test procedures that are used to determine cranking system requirements and to evaluate performance of cranking system proposals. A description of the engine starter and battery preparation, as well as test techniques and analysis of data, are presented for both cold and hot engines.
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Data warehousing and OLAP

Data Warehousing and Online Analytical Processing have emerged as key technologies for enterprises wishing to streamline the management of their operational and business data and to improve decision support activities. In addition, data warehousing continues to take on broader roles, for example, in the context of integrating heterogeneous data sources, knowledge sharing in extended enterprises, and internet- based e-commerce.The Fourth ACM International Workshop on Data Warehousing and Online Analytical Processing (DOLAP 2001), which is held in Atlanta, GA, USA, provides an international forum for researchers and practitioners to share their findings in theoretical foundations, methodologies, practical experiences, and new research directions in the areas of data warehousing and online analytical processing.These proceedings contain the technical papers selected for presentation at the workshop. We received 31 submissions from 16 different countries. The submitted research papers covered the state- of- the- art in data warehousing and related fields including data warehouse architecture, design and evolution, multidimensional modeling, query optimization, indexing, view materialization and maintenance, data warehouse quality, XML- and object- based warehouses, and data warehousing and the Web. In addition, we received a number of industrial submissions describing ongoing data warehousing projects and novel applications for warehouses. After careful review by the program committee, 12 research and industrial papers were selected for the workshop.
An Analysis of Budget Offset Requirements for Tax Expenditures

Budget rules enacted by Congress in the 1990's (and currently still in force) established pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) rules requiring that the revenue loss from any new or expanded tax expenditure provision be offset in the same fiscal year by legislation raising an equivalent amount of extra revenue. This note extends Dharmapala's (1999) model of the political economy of tax expenditures to incorporate the effects of these budget offset requirements (and associated political constraints on taxation). It characterizes how the policy outcomes in Dharmapala (1999) are affected by the PAYGO provisions, and analyzes the welfare consequences of budget offset requirements. It is shown that, while the PAYGO rules lead to reduced levels of tax expenditures, they also induce the tax committee to shift the financing of tax expenditures from (relatively less distortionary) general revenues to (relatively more distortionary) sector-specific taxes or reductions in existing tax expenditures. Hence, the welfare consequences of budget offset requirements are ambiguous.
Effects of River Flow Regulation beyond the Channel: Multifaceted Changes within a Group of Invertebrate Floodplain Specialists

Effects of river regulation on floodplain ecosystems are understudied, despite the importance of connectivity between these two ecosystems. We investigated the effects of river regulation on a floodplain specialist, Neoporus spp. (Coleoptera: Dytsicidae), regarding its distribution, behavior, and physiology. We used flood pulses (induced in the regulated river system, natural in the unregulated system) to determine if and how 60 years of river regulation has impacted Neoporus populations. We found distinct distributions of Neoporus across the regulated and unregulated floodplains, with the regulated population being limited to permanent oxbow lakes (as compared to Neoporus in the unregulated system accessing temporary and permanent aquatic habitats to an equal degree). Following flood pulses, both the regulated and uregulated river population distributions remained the same. Aerial dispersal percentages did not change in the regulated population pre- vs. post-flood, but dispersal within the unregulated population decreased. Lipid and protein concentrations in Neoporus did not differ between habitat types. Our study provides evidence of long-term effects of river regulation on a floodplain specialist and further emphasizes the significant contribution provided by flood pulses and their importance to the overall functioning of floodplain ecosystems.
Comprehensive molecular and immune profiling of non-small cell lung cancer and matched distant metastases to suggest distinct molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis.

8541Background: Despite complete resection, many non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients still develop and succumb to distant metastases. Previous studies suggested distant metastasis may be du...
Hydropic leiomyoma: a distinct variant of leiomyoma closely related to HMGA2 overexpression

Summary Hydropic leiomyoma (HLM) is a variant of uterine leiomyoma with characteristic features of zonal distributions of edema, increased vascularity, and tumor cells arranged in nodules or cords. Diagnostic difficulty and patient management are further complicated by a lack of studies and unknown cause of the disease. To study this tumor's nature, 24 HLM cases were selected for analysis of cytohistologic features, immunohistochemical profile (HMGA2, FH, CD34, pAKT, p16, ER, SMA, and Ki-67), and molecular alterations of HMGA2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and MED12 mutations. HLM showed large tumor size (average 14.4 cm) and unique histology, characterized by edematous areas of tumor cells with mostly round-oval nuclei, arranged in cords and/or with perinodular growth around vessels, and increased thick-walled vessels (average 17 vessels/10× medium-power field). Immunohistochemistry revealed that 76% (18/24) of HLMs had HMGA2 overexpression, 32% (6/19) of which harbored HMGA2 rearrangement detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Thick-walled vessels in HLM were composed of mostly HMGA2-positive tumor cells, and HLM with HMGA2 overexpression also showed CD34-positive tumor vessel–supporting pericytes. In contrast to usual-type leiomyoma with a high frequency of MED12 mutations, no MED12 mutations were found in any HLM. HLM showed increased pAKT activity, indicating a strong contribution of AKT pathway signaling in HLM promoting tumor growth. Our findings suggest that HLM is a distinct variant of uterine smooth muscle tumor likely driven by HMGA2 overexpression.
Text Categorization for Authorship Attribution in English Poetry

Authorship attribution could be considered as style-based text categorization problem. This paper presents an empirical study of performing style-based poetry categorization with the bag-of-words representation on 406 same theme English poems of five poets from World War I era. We investigated the impact of applying stop-words removal, stemming, and feature selection methods on the categorization performance of Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes Classifier. We found that these two models achieve best performance when stop-words removal and stemming are not applied on the training datasets, and the performance of Naive Bayes Classifier is improved by performing feature selection methods. We also compared the best categorization performance of the bag-of-words representation with that of the stylometric representation including lexical features, such as function words and high frequency words, and found that the bag-of-words representation outperforms the stylometric representation.
(Dis)order in the Court: Examining Neighborhood Disorder Prosecutions in Miami-Dade County

This study examines race, space, perceptions of disorder, and nuisance crime prosecution in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Research has examined nuisance policing, yet little attention has been devote...
Powers Maximizing Proportional Fairness Among Poisson Bipoles

This paper uses Poisson geometry to define a power control mechanism for large mobile ad hoc networks. It considers a homogeneous Poisson bipole network on the Euclidean plane. Bipoles, which represent transmitter-receiver pairs, adapt their power in a local and distributed way. The common aim of the bipoles is to maximize network wide proportional fairness. The mechanism is based on a heuristic which consists of simplifying the interference field seen by each receiver to its dominant term. This max-interference approximation decomposes the global (and infinite dimensional) optimization problem into a collection of finite problems involving the so called descending chains of the Poisson nearest neighbor graph. In addition, in the Rayleigh fading and interference limited case, the problem further factorizes into a collection of pairwise optimization problems with closed form solution. The properties of this power control mechanism are studied both analytically and by discrete event simulation. Significant performance gains are seen despite these approximations, for the motivating metric and other metrics.
The management of surgery and therapy for rheumatic disease

As a result of advances in surgery, anesthesiology, and perioperative care, patients of more advanced age and medical complexity are now considered suitable candidates for surgical intervention. Rheumatologists, though frequently called upon to advise their patient in the surgical domain, may not be fully cognizant of the principles underlying medical consultation and therapy in perioperative setting. This paper provides an approach for guiding such medical care with a particular focus on the concerns pertinent to patient suffering from a chronic rheumatic disease.
Unmanaged and Unintentional Recharge

Unmanaged and unintentional recharge is recharge incidental to other human activities. Unmanaged and unintentional urban recharge includes leakage from water and wastewater mains, discharges from on-site sewage systems, recharge from stormwater management infrastructure, and return flows from the irrigation of parks, lawns, and other vegetated areas. Excessive urban recharge has resulted in rising water tables in some cities, necessitating installation of drainage systems. In some rural areas, leakage from canals and irrigation return flows are the dominant inflows in shallow aquifer water budgets. Enhanced recharge also occurs as the result of changes in land use and land cover, particularly reductions in evapotranspiration caused by removal or changes in vegetation. Techniques used to quantify unmanaged and unintentional recharge include water budget analyses (e.g., transmission losses), inverse-modeling, piezometry (mapping of local water table rises), and environmental tracer analysis.
Ecotourism for Conservation

Ecotourism originated in the 1980s, at the dawn of sustainable development, as a way to channel tourism revenues into conservation and development. Despite the “win-win” idea, scholars and practiti...