cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Financial Networks and Trading in Bond Markets

This paper examines how financial networks influence asset prices and trading performance. Consistent with theoretical studies on the role of communication networks in information dissemination, we posit that financial institutions with more extensive financial networks can more efficiently acquire and process information pertaining to asset trading thus have better trading performance than financial institutions with limited financial networks. Using transaction-level Turkish government bond trading data, we find that financial institutions with global financial networks exhibit a stronger tendency to trade in the more liquid bonds and consistently trade at more favorable prices suggesting that global financial institutions have information advantages. They enjoy better trading performance than local financial institutions on informed trades. The information advantage afforded global financial institutions tends to decline over time suggesting possible learning by local financial institutions as a result of trading with global financial institutions.
Ankle replacement: management of associated deformities

Abstract Ankle arthroplasty is emerging as an alternative to arthrodesis. Restoring and maintaining proper bony alignment and muscle balance in the limb is essential if there is to be any chance for long-term survival. Deformity can arise above the ankle, in the joint itself, or in the foot. Secondary procedures in the foot and leg, including osteotomies, fusions and muscle balancing, are performed either before or simultaneously with ankle replacement.
Conductivity and transparency of TiO2 from first principles

Titanium dioxide is a versatile material with ubiquitous applications, many of which are critically linked to either light absorption or transparency in the visible spectral range in addition to electrical conductivity. Doping is a well-known way to influence those properties in order to bring them into a desired range. Working towards a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and optical properties of TiO2 (as well as of the link between them) we review and summarize electronicstructure results that we obtained using cutting-edge theoretical spectroscopy techniques. We focus on the formation of electron and hole polarons and we elucidate the influence of doping on the optical properties of TiO2. In addition, we present new results for the reflectivity of pure TiO2.
Basolateral and apical A1 adenosine receptors mediate sodium transport in cultured renal epithelial (A6) cells.

There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the adenosine receptor that mediates the increase in sodium transport in the A6 cell. In this study we used specific A1 and A2 adenosine re...
The Position and Length of the Steroid-Dependent Hypersensitive Region in the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Long Terminal Repeat Are Invariant despite Multiple Nucleosome B Frames

Stimulation of the mouse mammary tumor virus with steroids results in the generation of a DNase I-hypersensitive region (HSR) spanning the hormone responsive element (HRE) in the long terminal repeat. Restriction enzymes were used to characterize the accessibility of various sites within the HSR of mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat-reporter constructions in four different cell lines. The glucocorticoid-dependent HSR was found to span minimally 187 bases, a stretch of DNA longer than that associated with histones in the core particle. Although the 5′-most receptor binding site within the HRE is downstream of −190, hypersensitive sites were found further upstream to at least −295. The relationship in the accessibility between pairs of sites in the vicinity of the HSR was further examined in one cell line by a two-enzyme restriction access assay. In the uninduced state, the accessibilities at these sites were found to be independent of each other. In contrast, when stimulated with hormone, the accessibilities at these sites were observed to become linked. That is, once a distinct promoter was activated, all of the sites within the HSR of that molecule became accessible. The HSR formed along an invariant stretch of DNA sequence despite the multiplicity of nucleosome frames in the nucleosome B region, where the HRE is located. The results indicate that the macroscopic length of the HSR does not arise from core length-remodeling events in molecules containing Nuc-B in alternative positions.
Fatal acetaminophen poisoning with evidence of subendocardial necrosis of the heart

The authors describe a case of fatal acetaminophen overdose which occurred in a 16-year-old female. Her serum acetaminophen concentration 11.5 h postingestion was 154 mg/L. Antidotal therapy was unsuccessful, and after 9 days she died. Autopsy findings included centrilobular zonal liver necrosis, acute proximal renal tubular necrosis, and diffuse alveolar pulmonary damage. Her heart was transplanted into a young woman with congenital heart disease. The recipient expired 14 days after the transplant as a result of sepsis complicating bowel ischemia. The transplanted heart showed extensive subendocardial myocyte necrosis related to acetaminophen toxicity and not rejection.
Advancing materials using interfacial process and reliability simulations on the molecular level

A family of molecular modeling methods has been constructed to help Honeywell scientists understand the underlying interfacial physics that contribute to adhesion and reliability measurements. In this paper we will cover aspects of molecular modeling for wetting and adhesion, and expand the topic toward reliability modeling from the molecular scale. In addition we will discuss the practical applications of these methods that demonstrate Honeywell's commitment toward advancing materials and their properties. For instance our studies of bleed and flow has helped us understand surface energy correlations, but have also helped us understand the limitations of depending upon bleed and even surface energy as single predictive measurements. Reliability molecular modeling on the other hand is a relatively new technique, recently introduced at the 32/sup nd/ IMAPS conference in Chicago. This technique which uses a cyclic strain to simulate stress cycling has helped us understand the ties of the molecular level to the engineering level. These types of correlations have been an aid to both the formulation chemist and the reliability engineer who need to understand the possible material weaknesses before extended buildup of a structure is done.
Colorimetric Detection of Chalcid-Infested Alfalfa Seed

A colorimetric test is described for the determination of alfalfa seed infested by the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovskii. Compared with other available techniques, it is rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and requires no special skill. It consists of crushing the unthreshed seed in a paper jacket and against a paper towel impregnated with arsenophosphotungstic acid (APTA) to insure reaction between the APTA and the uric acid within infested seed. When the paper towel is placed in an ammonia atmosphere a prominent blue spot develops at the point exposed to an infested seed. The size of the seed sample is determined by counting the seed impressions in a paper jacket in which the sample was crushed. The APTA reagent is prepared as follows: 20 g sodium tungstate, 120 ml distilled water, 10 g arsenic pentoxide, 5 ml 85% phosphoric acid, and 4 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid are boiled for 2 hours, cooled, and diluted to 120 ml with distilled water.
Undergraduate Research on Peculiarities of the Combustion of Ecologically Clean Paraffin Wax Fuels in Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engines

The paper describes the student-faculty research of the combustion of non-conventional bio-derived fuels in a lab-scale Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine (HPRE). The long-term goal of the senior capstone project is to study specific features of combustion of nonconventional bio-derived hybrid propellant rocket fuels such as paraffin, beeswax, and lard, which are non-toxic and non-explosive with different oxidizers. Combustion of above fuels with additives (aluminum powder) was studied as well. The study was concentrated on the obtaining of regression rates (velocities of the combustion) for the listed propellants, and investigating losses of melted unburned bio-derived fuels. Such fuels could replace conventional toxic and explosive fuels, and are planned to be used on the NASA sounding rockets. A lab-scale HPRE, test fixture and instrumentation system have been designed, manufactured, assembled and used for the research and analysis of combustion. More than 60 tests were performed to study the specific features of combustion using paraffin and bee’s wax. The results of the study were presented at 51 AIAA Meeting and Exhibits, and SciTech, 52 Aerospace Sciences Meeting. This paper summarizes 2013/14 research results on the combustion of paraffin and paraffin with aluminum powder; represents new findings, such as regression rate formulas for paraffin wax combustion with 10% of aluminum powder obtained for two different diameters of the grain ports; the paper also illuminates the study of the losses of unburned paraffin wax and discusses novel methodology of the prediction of losses of unburned fuel based on the measurements of the temperature of the exhaust plum of combustion products.
Size-dependence in Assemblage Measures: Essentialism, Materialism, and 'SHE' Analysis in Archaeology

"Assemblage" is a fundamental archaeological construct. By their composition, we interpret assemblages as expressions of activity or cultural identity. Yet they are not simple products of these factors alone but also of formation processes. Assemblages accumulated over varying spans, with varying combinations of tool types and discard rates. They are contexts for the playing out of complex relationships, not static types. This is a materialist view, against the essentialist view that assemblages are exemplars of ideal types (e.g., "base camps," "Quina Mousterian"). Materialism implies that their size and composition, fundamental assemblage characteristics, are correlated variables, not fixed properties, and that composition varies as size increases. I document size dependence consistent with materialism in Paleoindian and Paleolithic assemblages. Among ways to analyze size-dependent assemblage data, I apply "SHE analysis"—the joint study of assemblage richness, heterogeneity, and evenness—to gauge data’s fit to theoretical models. Archaeologists acknowledge size dependence, but we misapprehend it as a methodological bias of assemblage measures that must be suppressed when, in materialist perspective, it reveals meaningful relationships that an essentialist view cannot.
Post-Buckling Analysis of Curved Honeycomb Sandwich Panels Containing Interfacial Disbonds

A numerical study on the effect of facesheet-core disbonds on the post-buckling response of curved honeycomb sandwich panels is presented herein. This work was conducted as part of the development of a damage tolerance plan for the next-generation Space Launch System heavy lift launch vehicle payload fairing. As such, the study utilized full-scale fairing barrel segments as the structure of interest. The panels were composed of carbon fiber reinforced polymer facesheets and aluminum honeycomb core. The panels were analyzed numerically using the finite element method incorporating geometric nonlinearity. In a predetermined circular region, facesheet and core nodes were detached to simulate a disbond, between the outer mold line facesheet and honeycomb core, induced via low-speed impact. Surface-to-surface contact in the disbonded region was invoked to prevent interpenetration of the facesheet and core elements and obtain realistic stresses in the core. The diameter of this disbonded region was varied and the effect of the size of the disbond on the post-buckling response was observed. Significant changes in the slope of the edge load-deflection response were used to determine the onset of global buckling and corresponding buckling load. Finally, several studies were conducted to determine the sensitivity of the numerical predictions to refinement in the finite element mesh.
Investigation on occupational hygienic circumstances in 135 small wood furniture enterprises

Objective To understand occupational hygienic circumstances in small wood furniture enterprises.Methods The investigation for the status of occupational hygienic administration was carried out with environment on the spot and the health of the workers were examined in the enterprises.Results Various problems were found on the occupational hygienic management and facilities in the 135 wood furniture enterprises. The qualified rate of wood dust concentration was 58.4%, while methyl benzene was 84.5% and noise intensity was 68.5%. Health examination indicated that the incidence of chronic rhinitis, nose inside flection, chronic pharyngitis, small airway functional obstacle, chest slice were increased, and that tooth bleeding, white blood cell reduction, blood platelets decrease and hearing loss in the exposed group were obviously higher, compared with the control group (P0.01). Conclusion Occupational hazardous factors in wood furniture enterprises have affected the workers'health.
Infection and the older patient

An increasing number of elderly patients are in and out of doctors' offices, hospitals, nursing homes, and so forth, under continual medical care. Numerous invasive procedures allow for casual transfer of infectious diseases by fellow patients as well as health care workers. Dramatic increases in infectious diseases such as foot infections, pneumonia, staphylococcal infections and, because of necessary invasive and blood transfusion procedures, AIDS can be expected in the future. The elderly patient is often a debilitated, compromised, immunodeficient host who is highly susceptible to any number of infections. With this in mind as the population grows older, clinicians must begin to apply Universal Precautions in their practices if they have not already done so, and not underestimate any disease or symptom in any patient, regardless of their age or their condition.
A Web Resource on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome of Primates

Skeletal muscle represents a very well organized anatomical tissue in animals and its appearance might have predated the divergence of vertebrate and arthropods lineages about 700MYA. This diversified structure is very well visible in Primates since it differentiates according to their life styles and environmental conditions. This study focuses on Pan troglodytes - known as common chimpanzee - which belongs to a genus that is the most closely related to human species by which also shares a high similarity in the DNA composition. Our aim is to test the level of similarity between chimpanzee and human DNA - diversified to a functional phenotypic level to better adapt in different environmental conditions - by collecting skeletal muscle transcriptomic data from ENA (European Nucleotide Archive) database and performing its functional annotation analysis. We developed PrimatesDB, a freely available web-oriented application which contains 30,944 sequences belonging to Pan troglodytes skeletal muscle transcriptomic data and from which it is possible to retrieve all the information related to 12,222 transcripts. PrimatesDB is available at: www-labgtp.na.icar.cnr.it/PrimatesDB.
Cognition in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes has a marked effect on brain function and structure in children and adolescents. As a group, diabetic children are more likely to perform more poorly than their nondiabetic peers in the classroom and earn lower scores on measures of academic achievement and verbal intelligence. Specialized neuropsychological testing reveals evidence of dysfunction in a variety of cognitive domains, including sustained attention, visuoperceptual skills, and psychomotor speed. Children diagnosed early in life – before 7 years of age – appear to be most vulnerable, showing impairments on virtually all types of cognitive tests, with learning and memory skills being particularly affected. Results from neurophysiological, cerebrovascular, and neuroimaging studies also show evidence of CNS anomalies. Earlier research attributed diabetes-associated brain dysfunction to episodes of recurrent hypoglycemia, but more recent studies have generally failed to find strong support for that view. While there is growing evidence to suggest that elevated blood glucose levels may play an important role in the development of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic adults, there remains little compelling data for that possibility from pediatric studies, in part because of the many methodological shortcomings inherent in much of this research. In a systematic, critical review of the extant pediatric literature, this chapter addresses a variety of issues: Is it possible to identify one or more well-defined neurocognitive phenotypes characteristic of diabetes in childhood? Why – from developmental, biomedical, and psychosocial perspectives – are some diabetic children more likely to develop neurocognitive deficits? What is the pathophysiological basis for these brain anomalies?
Treatment of Precancerous Dermatoses

In addition to wrinkling and degeneration, sun exposure produces premalignant conditions that may eventuate in skin cancer. Included among the precancerous dermatoses are certain types of keratoses, cutaneous horn and leukoplakia. The premalignant keratoses are actinic (senile), arsenical and post-irradiation keratoses. Cutaneous horn usually begins as a hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis and, like any other actinic keratosis, may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma. Leukoplakia, which by definition is limited to mucous membranes, is closely related to actinic keratosis.
Efficient coordination of swarms of sensor-laden balloons for persistent, in situ , real-time measurement of hurricane development

Swarms of balloons released into hurricane formation regions can be used to measure meteorological variables and help improve short-term prediction models.
Intra-Articular Vancomycin Powder Eliminates Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in a Rat Model of a Contaminated Intra-Articular Implant

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection following hip and knee arthroplasty leads to poor outcomes and exorbitant costs. Topical vancomycin powder has been shown to decrease infection in many procedures such as spine surgery. The role of vancomycin powder in the setting of total joint arthroplasty remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular vancomycin powder in preventing infection in a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant. Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent knee arthrotomy and implantation of a femoral intramedullary wire with 1 mm of intra-articular communication. The knee joint was also inoculated with 1.5 × 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Four treatment groups were studied: (1) no antibiotics (control), (2) preoperative systemic vancomycin, (3) intra-articular vancomycin powder, and (4) both systemic vancomycin and intra-articular vancomycin powder. The animals were killed on postoperative day 6, and distal femoral bone, joint capsule, and the implanted wire were harvested for bacteriologic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher exact tests. Results: There were no postoperative deaths, wound complications, signs of vancomycin-related toxicity, or signs of systemic illness in any of the treatment groups. There were significantly fewer positive cultures in the group that received vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin compared with the group that received systemic vancomycin alone (bone: 0% versus 75% of 8, p = 0.007; Kirschner wire: 0% versus 63% of 8, p = 0.026; whole animal: 0% versus 88% of 8, p = 0.01). Only animals that received both vancomycin powder and systemic vancomycin showed evidence of complete elimination of bacterial contamination. Conclusions: In a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant, use of intra-articular vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin completely eliminated MRSA bacterial contamination. Animals treated with systemic vancomycin alone had persistent MRSA contamination. Clinical Relevance: This animal study presents data suggesting that the use of intra-articular vancomycin powder for reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infections should be investigated further in clinical studies.
The expression of established cognitive brain states stabilizes with working memory development

We present results from a longitudinal study conducted over 10 years in a sample of 126 8-33 year olds demonstrating that adolescent development of working memory is supported by decreased variability in the amplitude of expression of whole brain states of task-related activity. fMRI analyses reveal that putative gain signals affecting maintenance and retrieval aspects of working memory processing stabilize during adolescence, while those affecting sensorimotor processes do not. We show that trial-to-trial variability in the reaction time and accuracy of eye-movements during a memory guided saccade task are related to fluctuations in the amplitude of expression of task-related brain states, or brain state variability, and also provide evidence that individual developmental trajectories of reaction time variability are related to individual trajectories of brain state variability. These observations demonstrate that the stabilization of widespread gain signals affecting already available cognitive processes underlies the maturation of cognition during adolescence.
Animal models of venous thrombosis

Venous thrombosis (VT) is a prevalent clinical condition with significant adverse sequela or mortality. Anticoagulation and pharmacologic or pharmacomechanical thrombolytic therapies are the mainstays of VT treatment. An understanding of thrombosis biology will allow for more effective VT-tailored diagnosis and therapy. In vivo models of thrombosis provide indispensable tools to study the pathogenesis of thrombus formation and to evaluate novel therapeutic or preventive adjuncts for VT management or prevention. In this article, we review the most prominent in vivo models of VT created in rodents and swine species and outline how each model can serve as a useful tool to promote our understanding of VT pathogenesis and to examine novel therapies.
Modeling residence-time distribution in horizontal screw hydrolysis reactors

Abstract The dilute-acid thermochemical hydrolysis step used in the production of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass requires precise residence-time control to achieve high monomeric sugar yields. Difficulty has been encountered reproducing residence times and yields when small batch reaction conditions are scaled up to larger pilot-scale horizontal auger-tube type continuous reactors. A commonly used naive model estimated residence times of 6.2–16.7 min, but measured mean times were actually 1.4–2.2 × the estimates. This study investigated how reactor residence-time distribution (RTD) is affected by reactor characteristics and operational conditions, and developed a method to accurately predict the RTD based on key parameters. Screw speed, reactor physical dimensions, throughput rate, and process material density were identified as major factors affecting both the mean and standard deviation of RTDs. The general shape of RTDs was consistent with a constant value determined for skewness. The Peclet number quantified reactor plug-flow performance, which ranged between 20 and 357.
The Architecture of the Christian Holy Land: Reception from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance

In the absence of the bodies of Christ and Mary, architecture took on a special representational role during the Christian Middle Ages, marking out sites associated with the bodily presence of the dominant figures of the religion. Throughout this period, buildings were reinterpreted in relation to the mediating role of textual and pictorial representations that shaped the pilgrimage experience across expansive geographies. In this study, Kathryn Blair Moore challenges fundamental ideas within architectural history regarding the origins and significance of European recreations of buildings in Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Nazareth. From these conceptual foundations, she traces and re-interprets the significance of the architecture of the Holy Land within changing religious and political contexts, from the First Crusade and the emergence of the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land to the anti-Islamic crusade movements of the Renaissance, as well as the Reformation.
Abstract 2392: Evaluation of synergistic PI3K/Akt and MEK5/ERK5 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) represent 15-20% of all breast cancers and are often associated with a poor prognosis. The lack of targeted therapies for TNBCs contributes to higher mortality rates. Therefore, there is a need to identify survival pathways that may be targeted in TNBCs. Aberrations in the Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways have been linked to increased breast cancer proliferation and survival. It has been proposed that these survival characteristics are enhanced through compensatory signaling and crosstalk mechanisms. The crosstalk between PI3K/Akt and MEK1/2/ERK1/2 has been characterized in several systems. However, new evidence suggests that MEK5/ERK5, a member of the MAPK family, is a key component in the proliferation and survival of several aggressive cancers. In this study, we examined the effects of dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MEK5/ERK5 in three TNBC cell lines: MDA-MB-231, BT549, and MDA-MB-468. We achieved Akt inhibition by using the clinically relevant inhibitors MK-2206 and Ipatasertib. We used a novel compound synthesized in our lab, SC-1-181, and the research tool, XMD8-92, to inhibit MEK5 and ERK5, respectively. Our results indicate that the dual inhibition strategy was more effective than single inhibition due to the loss of crosstalk between the two pathways. In particular, a loss of Bad phosphorylation at two distinct sites was observed with dual inhibition. Interestingly, this signaling pattern was observed without disturbing the ERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of both pathways led to p21 restoration, decreased cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis. Additionally, the dual inhibition strategy was determined to be synergistic in TNBCs and was nontoxic in non-neoplastic cell lines. Lastly, we evaluated the contributions of Bromodomain 4 (BDR4), an off-target effect of XMD8-92, to the synergy mechanism. In summary, the results from this study provide a unique prospective into the utility of a novel dual inhibition strategy for targeting TNBCs. Citation Format: Thomas D. Wright, Christopher Raybuck, Nathan Gartland, Katy Wendekier, Darlene Monlish, Suravi Chakrabarty, Patrick T. Flaherty, Matthew E. Burow, Jane E. Cavanaugh. Evaluation of synergistic PI3K/Akt and MEK5/ERK5 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2392.
Discount Rates, Default Risk and Asset Pricing in a Regime Change Model

As Cochrane (2011) has argued recently, discount rates that are used to price assets highly covary with risk premia and are tied to macroeconomic data. We would like to add that risk premia could be regime-dependent. In a regime of high growth rates the risk premia and discount rates are low, and in a regime of low or negative growth the risk premia and discount rates are high. To estimate the interaction of risk premia with growth regimes we employ a Markov regime switching model (MRSM). The MRSM predicts expansions and contractions from which we extract state-dependent risk premia and discount rates, which in turn impact the asset value of firms. Traditionally it is assumed, since Merton (1974) , that the asset value of the firm is exogenously given, e.g. through a Brownian motion, and not affected by leveraging and risk premia. In our model, where a state-dependent risk premium employed as a proxy for the discount rate, we can make sustainable leveraging and asset value of the firm endogenous. We solve the asset value of the firm with leveraging by the use of numerical methods. We can also compute, as the KMV model suggests, sustainable debt and the probability of bankruptcy, which interact with risk premia and discount rates.
Accuracy-Controlled and Structure-Preserved H 2 -Matrix-Matrix Product in Linear Complexity

${\mathcal{H}}^{2}$-matrix constitutes a general mathematical framework for efficient computation of both partial-differentialequation and integral-equation-based operators. Existing linearcomplexity ${\mathcal{H}}^{2}$-matrix-matrix product (MMP) algorithms lack explicit accuracy control. In this work, we develop an accuracycontrolled and structure-preserved MMP algorithm, whose complexity is retained to be linear. Applications to both large-scale capacitance extraction and electromagnetic scattering problems involving millions of unknowns on a single core have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Axiomatic Characterization of AdaBoost and the Multiplicative Weight Update Procedure

AdaBoost was introduced for binary classification tasks by Freund and Schapire in 1995. Ever since its publication, numerous results have been produced, which revealed surprising links between AdaBoost and related fields, such as information geometry, game theory, and convex optimization. This remarkably comprehensive set of connections suggests that adaBoost is a unique approach that may, in fact, arise out of axiomatic principles. In this paper, we prove that this is indeed the case. We show that three natural axioms on adaptive re-weighting and combining algorithms, also called arcing, suffice to construct adaBoost and, more generally, the multiplicative weight update procedure as the unique family of algorithms that meet those axioms. Informally speaking, our three axioms only require that the arcing algorithm satisfies some elementary notions of additivity, objectivity, and utility. We prove that any method that satisfies these axioms must be minimizing the composition of an exponential loss with an additive function, and that the weights must be updated according to the multiplicative weight update procedure. This conclusion holds in the general setting of learning, which encompasses regression, classification, ranking, and clustering.
Abstract P3-10-23: Changes in the expression of HER2 and other genes in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer induced by treatment with ado-trastuzumab emtansine and/or pertuzumab/trastuzumab

Background: Although tremendous progress has been achieved with targeted therapy for HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer, most advanced tumors eventually develop resistance. Improving our understanding of mechanisms of resistance to anti-HER2 therapy is needed to develop new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms of resistance to treatment with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and/or taxane/pertuzumab/trastuzumab (TPH). Methods: In our preclinical analysis, HER2+ cell lines resistant to treatment with T-DM1 (n=5), and pertuzumab/trastuzumab (n=3) were generated. HER2 expression in the original and resistant cell lines was compared using Western blot, and HER2 gene amplification was compared in them using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction HER2 copy-number-validation assay. In our clinical analysis, nine patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer who had progressed on T-DM1 and/or TPH were enrolled. Patients underwent biopsies following treatment with T-DM1 and/or TPH. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using the FoundationOne® assay (Foundation Medicine, Inc.) to identify gene alterations. Also, the HER2 expression before and after the therapy was compared using immunohistochemistry and/or FISH. Results: In preclinical analysis, HER2 expression/amplification by Western blot and gene copy-number analysis was significantly decreased in T-DM1–resistant cell lines (four of five cell lines; P Conclusions: We show for the first time that T-DM1–resistant breast cancer cells lose HER2 expression and amplification. Additionally, we observed loss of HER2 expression in patient samples following treatment with HER2 targeted therapy. Further study of resistant tumor samples is required to understand the impact of HER2 loss on outcomes. For the time being, repeating biopsy analysis of a metastatic site after treatment with T-DM1 to determine the HER2 expression status is reasonable, and it may increase the efficacy of future anti-HER2 therapy. Citation Format: Kida K, Lee J, Liu H, Lim B, Murthy RK, Sahin AA, Tripathy D, Ueno NT. Changes in the expression of HER2 and other genes in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer induced by treatment with ado-trastuzumab emtansine and/or pertuzumab/trastuzumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-23.
The effect of maternal depression on mental representations and child negative affect

Abstract Background Maternal depression is a widely recognized public health concern with significant implications for child functioning, including the development of negative child affect and risk for later depression. Negative mental representations may partially account for the association between maternal depression and child negative affect. Methods The effect of depression on low-income mothers’ representations of their child, self, and mother was assessed via Expressed Emotion (EE) during Five-Minute Speech Samples. Direct and indirect pathways between maternal depression, EE, and child negative affect were examined. Mothers (M = 24 years old) who had experienced a major depressive episode (n = 144) since child's birth, non-depressed comparison mothers (n = 62), and their children participated. Results Examination of between-group differences revealed that depressed mothers had higher levels of overall self EE. Trend results also suggest depressed mothers may have higher overall EE toward their children and their own mothers. Novel coding systems for EE toward self (Identity and Depressotypic Cognitions) and EE toward mother (Source of Concrete Support and Resolution of Past Adversity) were also developed and tested. A significant indirect relation was found between maternal baseline depression and child negative affect at 26 months via the mother's level of EE-Criticism of her mother. Limitations Certain EE subcodes may need to be adapted for young children and high-risk, low-income participants. Conclusions : Findings highlights the importance of relational interventions that focus on maternal representations for women with depression and their children.
The influence of catch-and-release on mortality of Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816)

Catch-and-release (CR) angling has been used to assist management programs seeking to promote the conservation and recovery of some recreational fish stocks by decreasing mortality from fishing. However, without appropriate fish handling, this activity may cause damage and injuries to individual fish, causing mortality. Therefore, CR should be allowed under some circumstances that ensure higher rates of survival to achieve the goals of the conservation measures. Thus, we experimentally tested the CR effects on dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) by comparing caught-and-released fish (CR fish) with uncaught fish (control fish) in a pond and estimating individual mortality rates related to seven air exposure times (AET: 120 s, 240 s, 360 s, 480 s, 600 s, 720 s and 840 s). We also determined a safe limit for fish handling and investigated the length and weight gain variations. We found that an increase in AET affects fish survival and that the limit of handling time for this species was 546 s; after this threshold, the individual probability of death exceeds 5%. The length and weight gain of CR fish did not differ significantly from the control fish. We believe that CR is efficient for S. brasiliensis because it does not significantly impair their organic growth and causes little or no mortality if handling is performed properly; thus, it could be employed to assist conservation programs.
Chapter 9 – Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Publisher Summary This chapter examines diseases that arise when self-tissues become malignant or when immune activity is directed at healthy tissue. Genetic factors play a role in creating susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disorders. In the case of cancer or neoplastic disease, the threat arises from within. The individual's own cells undergo transformation so they multiply uncontrollably and compete with healthy tissue for both space and resources. It is now understood that a cancer is an expanding clone. It begins when a single cell becomes transformed, through the accumulation of specific genetic mutations, so that it reproduces frequently and remains insensitive to signals for growth inhibition. The genes that appear mutated in cancer cells are typically those that are involved in some aspect of cell growth. The p53 gene is believed to be the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer. The p53 protein functions in the activation of cell death in response to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Females are at higher risk of autoimmune disorders. The phases of their reproductive function appear to modulate autoimmunity, probably because of hormonal effects on immune function.
The Magic in the Classroom: A Twenty-Year Sustained Scientist in the Classroom Partnership Program

The National Science Foundation GK-12 program, started in 1999, partnered university STEM graduate students with K-12 classroom teachers to co-teach inquiry science “to boost the content of elementary and secondary education and the quality of graduate and undergraduate education at the same time” (Colwell, 1999). In the current study we describe the adaptations to the original Vanderbilt GK-12 program – now called the Scientist in the Classroom Partnership (SCP) – that have allowed the program to continue for over 20 years while maintaining the essential components. The SCP has been integrated into the STEM program of the partner school district, and is now in its 21st year. All of the participants in the SCP program have benefited from the experience: fellows have gained important teaching, communication, and mentoring skills; teachers have gained science content knowledge and confidence in teaching science; and students have exhibited increased excitement about science and interest in science careers. The SCP has provided professional training for 184 fellows; has provided over 200 professional development hours per teacher for 138 middle and high school teachers in 35 schools; and has positively impacted the STEM learning of over 30,000 students.
Solution of Nonlinear Pull-In Behavior in Electrostatic Micro-Actuators by Using He's Homotopy Perturbation Method

The work presented here is about the nonlinear pull-in behavior of different electrostatic micro-actuators. He’s homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to solve different types of micro-actuators like Fixed–Fixed beam and Cantilever beam actuators. Simulated results are presented for further analysis. Also the obtained results compare well with the literature.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Isolated from Organic and Conventional Dairy Farms in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States

Campylobacter infections are the most commonly identified cause of human gastroenteritis in the United States. Increased resistance to several antimicrobials is being observed in Campylobacter from humans, swine, and poultry. Meanwhile, dairy cattle have been identified as sources of Campylobacter infection in humans through consumption of raw milk, educational visits to farms , or water contamination. Thus, dairy's role in dissemination of this foodborne pathogen warrants further study.
Mobile Edge Computing Sensors and Cloud Machine Learning Advance Grid Predictive Maintenance

The resiliency of the nation's electric grid is under continuous stress. Impacts of weather, wear and tear, and the age of the grid all contribute to a decline in reliability and an increase in power outages. Aged and deteriorated overhead electrical equipment produce characteristic radio frequency (RF) emissions. Fixed sensors to monitor the condition of all grid equipment would be expensive and create an enormous data-handling problem. Mobile Edge Computing sensor (MECS) technology that can discriminate and locate the equipment that produce pre-failure RF emission failure signatures would enable equipment replacement before catastrophic failure causes an outage. Rebuilding or replacing the 5 million miles of the U.S. transmission and distribution grid is not an economical alternative. Maintaining the grid through a strategy of predictive, conditions-based maintenance results in improved grid performance, fewer outages, and addresses a worldwide problem. This paper and presentation detail a pilot project where MECS are installed on sanitation trucks. The vehicle mounted MECS evaluate changes in the state of electrical equipment on an entire city grid each week. Machine learning algorithms correlate a variety of grid impacts such as weather, load, season, and protective equipment operations to develop grid resilience forecast models. The forecasts allow financial impact evaluation of grid rebuilds, undergrounding programs, and maintenance strategies. The technology, data examples, and the results of the pilot project in a 65 square-mile Midwest city will be presented.
Teaching the Whole Student: College Belonging Is a Gift, Not an Accomplishment

SESSION LOCATION: Dewberry Hall (Ground Floor of the Johnson Center), Fairfax Campus ABSTRACT: Students who have a sense of belonging on campus fare better in a range of ways including: retention rates, graduation rates, and general wellbeing. At many universities underrepresented students such as first-generation students and students of color are less likely to feel that they belong. Drawing on research from first-year students at two residential universities, this keynote examines common, yet misguided strategies that universities make to help their students develop a sense of belonging. By paying attention to a fundamental dynamic of belonging that is often neglected: that belonging cannot be accomplished through oneâs own will or efforts, we can see more clearly how we can create an environment in which students can thrive and feel they belong.
Technologies for Micrometer and Nanometer Pattern and Material Transfer

This chapter illustrates a framework for relating and comparing technologies for the transfer of patterns and materials with micrometer and nanometer resolution. It discusses the basic concepts for each technology by providing some references and examples. Methods for the production and assembly of parts vary widely. The micrometer scale involves parallel production of objects, using pattern transfer and other methods, with layering or bonding being primary methods of assembly. In the nanometer regime, a different approach to the production of objects is followed. The bottom-up approach of chemistry and biology dominates nanometer technology. Molecular synthesis and self-assembly are used as primary approaches for making functional systems on the nanometer scale. The chapter provides an overview of self assembly, in which both the material and pattern are effectively transferred at once. The material essentially contains its own patterning information, which may or may not be expressed, depending on conditions at the time of transfer and subsequently.
Analysis of Interlaminar Stresses and Failures Using a Layer-Wise Laminate Theory

The layer—wise laminate theory of Reddy [1] is used to study interlaminar stress fields and carry out progressive failure analysis of composite laminates. The layer-wise theory not only predicts accurate interlaminar stress fields but it also provides a convenient format for modeling multiple delaminations. The computational model based on the layer—wise theory is capable of modeling free edge effects and energy release rates with the same accuracy as a conventional 3-D finite element model. The progressive failure analysis is based on an algorithm in which the damage is accounted through phenomenalogical failure criteria and a stiffness reduction coefficient. The stiffness reduction coefficient is used to define the equivalent material properties, which are used to update the stiffness matrix. It is demonstrated through an example problem that three-dimensional stress analysis is a necessary requirement but not sufficient to predict the failure behavior of composites laminate accurately.
Comprehensive evaluation of the effect of bariatric surgery on pelvic floor disorders

Abstract Background The association of pelvic floor disorders (PFD) with obesity is well documented. The spectrum of PFD includes stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and fecal incontinence (FI). Resolution or improvement of SUI after bariatric surgery has been previously reported. However, the data regarding UUI and other forms of PFD with objective testing are sparse. Objectives Prospectively evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on the prevalence and severity of pelvic floor disorders. Setting U.S. Academic Hospital. Methods From December 2008 to December 2012, patients who screened positive on a screening questionnaire were asked to participate in the study. Participants completed 3 validated condition-specific questionnaires before surgery and 6–12 months after. A subgroup consented to gynecologic examination (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification [POP-Q] test) and urodynamic testing at similar time points. Results Seventy-two study patients underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass (n = 65), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 5), and gastric banding (n = 2). Mean BMI decreased from 47.5 to 32.7 kg/m 2 1 year after surgery ( P P P = .01). There was no significant change in prevalence and severity of POP based on POP-Q exam. Conclusions Bariatric surgery is associated with a decrease in prevalence and severity of diverse forms of urinary incontinence as well as improvement in quality of life and sexual function of morbidly obese women.
Schools of Professional Psychology

Schools of professional psychology have as their primary purpose to educate and train psychologists for clinical practice that is informed by the science of psychology. The professional psychology movement began in the 1970s as a response to the gap in clinical psychology training in which the study of psychology as a science was often disconnected from the practice of psychology. The Vail Conference of 1973 defined this practitioner–scholar focus on professional psychology training. In addition to the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD), the Doctor of Psychology degree (PsyD), with its emphasis on practice, had also achieved credibility by this time, making it possible to expand clinical training of psychologists beyond research universities. In addition, Adelphi University had shown that it was possible for such programs to develop in a university setting, and the California School of Professional Psychology had shown that these programs could develop as free-standing entities. Following the Vail Conference, many professional schools either were founded or were in the process of being founded (Peterson, Peterson, Abrams, & Stricker, 1997). Keywords: clinical training; education; professional schools