cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modular photonic power and VCSEL-based data links for aerospace and military applications

If photonic data and power transfer links are constructed in a modular fashion, they can be easily adapted into various forms to meet a wide range of needs for aerospace and military applications. The performance specifications associated with these needs can vary widely according to application. Alignment tolerance needs also tend to vary greatly, as can requirements on power consumption. An example of a modular photonic data and/or power transfer link that can be applied to military and aerospace needs is presented. In this approach, a link is designed for low (<10 kb/s) data rates, ultra-low electrical power consumption, large alignment tolerance, and power transfer to provide complete electrical shielding in a remote module that might be found in a military or aerospace application.
Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics

AcrA-AcrB-TolC efflux pumps extrude drugs of multiple classes from bacterial cells and are a leading cause for antimicrobial resistance. Thus, they are of paramount interest to those engaged in antibiotic discovery. Accurate prediction of antibiotic efflux has been elusive, despite several studies aimed at this purpose. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios of 32 β-lactam antibiotics were collected from literature. 3-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship on the β-lactam antibiotic structures revealed seemingly predictive models (q(2)=0.53), but the lack of a general superposition rule does not allow its use on antibiotics that lack the β-lactam moiety. Since MIC ratios must depend on interactions of antibiotics with lipid membranes and transport proteins during influx, capture and extrusion of antibiotics from the bacterial cell, descriptors representing these factors were calculated and used in building mathematical models that quantitatively classify antibiotics as having high/low efflux (>93% accuracy). Our models provide preliminary evidence that it is possible to predict the effects of antibiotic efflux if the passage of antibiotics into, and out of, bacterial cells is taken into account--something descriptor and field-based QSAR models cannot do. While the paucity of data in the public domain remains the limiting factor in such studies, these models show significant improvements in predictions over simple LogP-based regression models and should pave the path toward further work in this field. This method should also be extensible to other pharmacologically and biologically relevant transport proteins.
Developing an Alumni Relations Program for a Marketing Department

Alumni relations is a frequently neglected facet of a marketing educational program. This article outlines the role of alumni relations in a marketing program, suggests the objectives and activities of an alumni relations program, presents the results of such a program at one institution, and suggests some cautionary notes to departments considering such a program.
Role of tautomerism in RNA biochemistry

Heterocyclic nucleic acid bases and their analogs can adopt multiple tautomeric forms due to the presence of multiple solvent-exchangeable protons. In DNA, spontaneous formation of minor tautomers has been speculated to contribute to mutagenic mispairings during DNA replication, whereas in RNA, minor tautomeric forms have been proposed to enhance the structural and functional diversity of RNA enzymes and aptamers. This review summarizes the role of tautomerism in RNA biochemistry, specifically focusing on the role of tautomerism in catalysis of small self-cleaving ribozymes and recognition of ligand analogs by riboswitches. Considering that the presence of multiple tautomers of nucleic acid bases is a rare occurrence, and that tautomers typically interconvert on a fast time scale, methods for studying rapid tautomerism in the context of nucleic acids under biologically relevant aqueous conditions are also discussed.
Hypertrophy and heart failure in mice overexpressing the cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger

Abstract Background The cardiac sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX1) is a key sarcolemmal protein for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in the heart. Because heart failure is associated with increased expression of NCX1, heterozygous (HET) and homozygous (HOM) transgenic mice overexpressing NCX1 were developed and evaluated. Methods and Results The NCX1 transgenic mice display 2.3-fold (HET) and 3.1-fold (HOM) increases in exchanger activity from wild-type (WT) mice. Functional information was obtained by echocardiography and catheterizations before and after hemodynamic stress from pregnancy, treadmill exercise or transaortic constriction (TAC). HET and HOM mice exhibited hypertrophy and blunted responses with β-adrenergic stimulation. Postpartum mice from all groups were hypertrophied, but only the HOM mice exhibited premature death from heart failure. HOM mice became exercise intolerant after 6 weeks of daily treadmill running. After 21 days TAC, HET, and HOM mice exhibited significant contractile dysfunction and 15% to 40% mortality with clinical evidence of heart failure. Conclusions Hemodynamic stress results in a compensated hypertrophy in WT mice, but NCX1 transgenic mice exhibit decreased contractile function and heart failure in proportion to their level of NCX1 expression. Thus exchanger overexpression in mice leads to abnormal calcium handling and a decompensatory transition to heart failure with stress.
The Origins and Development of Magnitude Estimation

Magnitude estimation refers to judging amount along any one of several continuous dimensions, including length, distance, number, time, perimeter, area, volume, weight, mass, speed and more. These dimensions are formally distinct but they are often correlated in the real world, e.g. when we see more objects, they typically take up more total volume than do fewer objects and weigh more in total. Research suggests several conclusions about the origins and development of magnitude estimation. First, a generalized magnitude system provides a strong starting point for development, and this system is later differentiated into its separable dimensions, e.g., number and length. Second, early magnitude estimation is imprecise and relative, with later change towards increasing precision and the ability to estimate without a perceptually available standard. Third, early magnitude estimation is later supplemented with instruction in formal systems (e.g., measurement devices).
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Borderline Syndrome Index

The convergent and discriminant validity of the Borderline Syndrome Index was examined by using a multitrait-multimethod matrix 80 subjects with DSM-III—R diagnoses of Borderline Personality Disorder completed three self-report measures, namely, the Borderline Syndrome Index, the MMPI Schizophrenia subscale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A semistructured interview was blindly conducted with each subject, and symptom ratings were made on the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, New Haven Schizophrenia Index, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. High convergent validity was found on the Borderline Index and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. While fulfilling most of the criteria for discriminant validity, the Borderline Syndrome Index scores were also significantly correlated with depression scores on the Beck and Hamilton measures of depression.
Histologic processes of healing in hepatic injury due to eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in mice following curative chemotherapy.

In mice, whose infections with Schistosoma mansoni were terminated by treatment with the nitrovinylfuran derivative, trans-5-amino-3-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]l,2,4-oxadiazole (SQ 18,506), the hepatic injury due to eggs of these parasites was almost completely reversed. The sequence of histologic events leading to healing of these schistosomal lesions are divided into six morphologically distinct stages and the characteristic features of each are described and illustrated.
Repeat MitraClip Procedures: In Search of the Perfect Grasp.

The MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) procedure is simple in concept. A small “clip” with moveable arm and gripper elements is used singly or in multiples to grasp the leading edges of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, bringing them closer together and improving
Three-step densification of monolithic SiC ceramics by spark plasma apparatus without sintering additives

Abstract In the present work, three-step spark plasma sintering of monolithic SiC ceramics was investigated using commercially available SiC powder, without the addition of any sintering aids. A relative density of up to 97.1% was achieved by dwelling at a moderately high temperature of 1700 °C for 1 h. Results indicate that the material׳s density increased with increasing dwell time at 1700 °C. The combination of novel sintering profile, crystal lattice distortion, and the advantages inherent to SPS all contributed to the densification mechanisms.
Reasoning and Choice: The principle–policy puzzle: the paradox of American racial attitudes

Hypocrisy is a strategic form of inconsistency. The appearance of saying two things, one at odds with the other, dissolves once it is realized that one is not meant – indeed, is said in order to cover up the other. It is widely believed that white Americans commonly succumb to just this form of inconsistency on the issue of race. The most compelling empirical evidence for this belief comes from studies of the “principle–policy puzzle.” As Jackman (1978) first noted and as others have since confirmed (e.g., Schuman, Steeh, and Bobo, 1985), Americans show far higher support for the principle of racial equality than for policies to realize it – a disparity easily read as evidence that their support for the principle is insincere or superficial. It is, obviously, of some importance to determine whether the gap between principle and policy is evidence of insincerity. If it is, much of the appearance of a decline in racism is no more than appearance, a sham. The chapter that follows presents a solution for the principle–policy puzzle. The puzzle arises not because education fails to engender genuine respect for mainstream values – as Jackman maintains – but for just the opposite reason: More deeply respecting and understanding these values, well-educated citizens are more likely to appreciate when they come into conflict with one another. Americans seemingly have a weak grip on democratic values. The root difficulty is not that people reject such values – on the contrary, nearly all accept them, stated in the abstract – but that they are not ready to stand by basic principles in specific controversies.
Effect of preoperative donation of autologous blood on deep-vein thrombosis following total joint arthroplasty of the hip or knee

The effect of preoperative donation of autologous blood on postoperative deep-vein thrombosis was retrospectively studied in men who had been managed consecutively with elective total joint replacement of the hip or knee because of osteoarthrosis. The patients had, on the average, two of nine considered risk factors for deep-vein thrombosis. Two hundred and thirty-seven patients were evaluated postoperatively with ascending venography, and they form the basis of this study. Fifty-four patients had venographic evidence of deep-vein thrombosis of the lower extremity, with most having asymptomatic clots distal to the knee. The prevalence of deep-vein thrombosis was nineteen (16 per cent) of 116 after total hip arthroplasty, compared with thirty-five (29 per cent) of 121 after total knee arthroplasty (chi square = 4.6, p = 0.03). Deep-vein thrombosis developed in twenty-eight (17 per cent) of the 161 patients who had donated blood preoperatively, compared with twenty-six (34 per cent) of the seventy-six patients who had not donated blood preoperatively (chi square = 7.7, p = 0.006). Through logistic regression analysis, the donation of autologous blood was shown to reduce significantly the development of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis for patients managed with total knee arthroplasty (p < 0.01) but not for patients managed with total hip arthroplasty. Additional neural network analysis showed the donation of autologous blood to be the most important prognostic factor in predicting the absence of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis. In addition to diminishing the need for transfusion of homologous blood after total joint arthroplasty, preoperative donation of autologous blood appears to protect against postoperative deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty.
Effect of Surface Stoichiometry on Blinking and Hole Trapping Dynamics in CdSe Nanocrystals

We measure the photoinduced carrier dynamics as the surface composition of CdSe nanocrystals is systematically varied from metal rich (∼80% surface Cd) to nearly stoichiometric (∼50% surface Cd). Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we determine that the luminescence lifetime is controlled by the rate of hole trapping at the newly exposed surface selenium atoms. However, the increased rate of the photoluminescence decay is not sufficient to explain the decreased photoluminescence quantum yield, and requires a growing proportion of nanocrystals in a dark or “OFF” state to explain the data. A global kinetic model is proposed that relates the fraction of selenium sites to the rate of hole trapping. A linear relationship between the rate of hole trapping and the fraction of exposed Se sites (xSe) is observed within the range of accessible stoichiometries (xSe = 0.5–0.2). Extrapolation to higher surface cadmium fractions suggests that not all Se sites serve as effective hole traps. These results explain t...
An Ideological Perspective On Black Fund Raising

the black community from an historical perspective one can readily discern various dominant themes or ideologies in the black American's struggle for social, political, and economic equality in the United States. Ideology refers to the body of ideas and sentiments reflecting the social aspirations and needs of Afro-Americans in a largely Anglo-Saxon dominated society. Early in the twentieth century three of the more prominent themes were those of Booker T. Washington's communal self-improvement, W.E.B. DuBois' struggle for legal equality, and Marcus Garvey's development of race pride.1 For the next two decades one saw the development of the civil rights movement with its emphasis on integration and assimilation. Much of the impetus for this movement was carried by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. After the 1954 Supreme Court decision they were joined by other black groups and later by white sympathizers to form a coalition in the assault on racism and discrimination.
The rule of three.

As far as James Haber is concerned, the big picture is all he wants of protein structures. This was not the case, however, with the structure of RecA, published in 2008.
Steel Hulls and High-Stakes: Prospect Theory and China’s Use of Military Force in the South China Sea

Scholarship on China’s behavior in the South China Sea has raised questions about peace prospects between China and its regional neighbors in Southeast Asia. This chapter develops a bargaining power-prospect theory model to explain China’s behavior in the South China Sea during the Cold War. The model hypothesizes Chinese behavior is attributable to variation in two main factors: China’s relationship with great powers and leaders’ perceptions of China’s bargaining power vis-a-vis its competitors. I provide narratives of the 1960 establishment of People’s Liberation Army Navy regular patrols to the Paracels, the 1966 South Vietnam withdrawal from the Crescent Group, the 1974 Battle for the Paracels, and the 1988 Sino-Vietnamese encounter in the Spratlys as congruence tests for the model. Findings show that when Chinese leaders are situated in a domain of losses, use of force becomes more likely, and vice versa. The paper advances two goals. Theoretically, it provides a comprehensive way to capture the complex variations of China’s use of force in the disputes. The first two case studies focus on empirically understudied periods of the South China Sea disputes. The findings will hopefully be used by actors with a stake in the dispute to reduce the likelihood of future clashes.
Clinicolegal aspects of practice guidelines for pediatric eye and vision examination.

Background The American Optometric Association (AOA) recently joined a growing trend in the health care professions by adopting clinical practice guidelines. The goals of practice guidelines are to improve quality of care and to provide a more objective measure of standard of care for the legal system and the health insurance industry. Practice guidelines may eventually reduce the number and cost of malpractice actions. Historically, the standard of care for pediatric eye and vision examination has been the subject of controversy. Issues of disagreement include the amount of ocular health testing that should be performed and the determination of appropriate emphasis on functional vision. This paper summarizes the precedents that have established a legal standard of care for pediatric eye and vision examination. Methods A review of malpractice claims relevant to pediatric optometry was conducted. Public health policy, legal, and malpractice literature was also consulted for current views on practice guidelines. The recent AOA Optometric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination were compared to this review. Results Standards of care for pediatric eye examination should minimally include assessment of visual acuity, refractive error, binocular vision, functional vision, and eye health assessment including dilated funds examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. These standards are commensurate with the AOA Guidelines. Conclusions The AOA Optometric Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination is compared to the current standard of care for pediatric optometry. It is concluded that the Guidelines are appropriate. Optometrists should integrate these practices into patient care, and the optometric profession should seek to obtain wide spread acceptance of the Guidelines.
The impact of pelvic and lower extremity fractures on the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in high-risk trauma patients. Winner of the Best Paper Award from the Gold Medal Forum.

Lower extremity fractures (LEFx) and pelvic fractures (PFx) are believed to increase the risk of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT). We studied trauma patients at high risk for LEDVT to determine whether an increased incidence of LEDVT was associated with LEFx and/or PFx. From January 1995 through December 1997 4163 trauma patients were admitted to our Level I trauma center. One thousand ninety-three patients at high risk for LEDVT were screened with serial lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture data. The occurrence of LEDVT, pulmonary embolus, and LEDVT prophylaxis and treatment were noted. The incidence of LEDVT in the fracture group (Fx) was compared with that in the nonfracture group (NFx) using chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at ≤0.05. Complete data were available for 1059 of 1093 patients. Five hundred sixty-nine (53.73%) patients had PFx and/or LEFx, 151 (14.26%) patients had PFx only, 317 (29.3%) patients had LEFx only, and 101 (9.54%) patients had both PFx and LEFx. Four hundred ninety (46.27%) patients had NFx. In 1059 patients LEDVT was detected in 125 (11.8%). Sixty-three patients in the Fx groups developed LEDVT (50.4%): 19 (15.2%) PFx patients, 15 (12.0%) PFx/LEFx patients, and 29 (23.2%) LEFx patients. Sixty-two (49.6%) NFx patients developed LEDVT. LEDVT incidence was not significantly different between the Fx and NFx groups or among the PFx, LEFx, and PFx/LEFx groups (P = 0.317). Nine patients developed pulmonary embolism: four NFx patients, two LEFx patients, two PFx patients, and one PFx/LEFx patient. Significant predictors of LEDVT were age and hospital length of stay. Mean age in patients with LEDVT was 47.58 years and in patients without LEDVT it was 40.89 years (P < 0.001). Mean hospital length of stay in patients with LEDVT was 29.81 days and in patients without LEDVT it was 16.84 days. The power of this study to detect differences representing medium effect sizes was greater than 90 per cent. We conclude that LEFx and/or PFx was not associated with an increased incidence of LEDVT in trauma patients at high risk for LEDVT. Lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound needs to be performed in both Fx and NFx groups to detect LEDVTs.
Prenatal visit utilization and outcomes in pregnant women with type II and gestational diabetes

Prenatal visit utilization and outcomes in pregnant women with type II and gestational diabetes
Impact of Traditional and Internet/Social Media Screening Mechanisms on Employers’ Perceptions of Job Applicants

This study examined employers’ perspectives of applicants’ employability via traditional methods (resume, job interviews, etc.) and nontraditional methods (internet/social media). Drawing from qualitative interviews with employers, results showed that older employers only checked candidates once online, whereas younger employers checked candidates multiple times. Respondents cited the internet/social media as an inexpensive way to conduct a cursory background check on job applicants. But they mostly used the internet/social media to weed out applicants, not to be more inclusive with applicant pools. Implications for employers and job applicants are discussed.
Targeting Phenotypically Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Two parallel revolutions were born in the golden era of antibiotics (∼1940 to 1960). One was a revolution in medicine as physicians went to war with microbes. The second was a revolution in biology as microbiologists and geneticists used anti-infectives as tools to reveal how microbes function on a molecular level. Scientists converged on a surprisingly short list of essential biological processes that appeared to make up an Achilles’ heel shared by diverse bacterial pathogens: the biosynthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), protein, cell walls (peptidoglycan and lipids), and folate. Only later were the far wider dimensions of potential target space appreciated ( 1 ). The discovery of targets led to the development of methods to improve existing antibiotics and find new ones.
Beyond self and other: On the neurosemiotic emergence of intersubjectivity

The explosive growth over the last two decades of neuroscience, cognitive science, and “consciousness studies” as generally conceived, remains as yet unaccompanied by a corresponding development in the establishment of an explicitly semiotic understanding of how the relations of sign exchange at the neuronal level function in the larger network of psychologically accessible sign exchange. This article attempts a preliminary foray into the establishment of just such a neurosemiotic. It takes, as its test case and as its point of departure, recent discoveries from the neurobiological research on viuso-motor transformations and on the widespread cortical phenomena of selectively tuned, single-neuron response to argue for a vision of “intersubjectivity” whereby the ens rationis arising as a function of the neuronal semiosphere may be abstracted, constructed, and shared mutually across agents.
AMG 655, a fully human agonistic antibody against TRAIL receptor-2, induces apoptosis via caspase activation in vitro and in vivo

4867 Tumor necrosis factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Receptor-2 (TR-2) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of receptors and can transduce an apoptotic signal following TRAIL stimulation. Agonistic TR-2 antibodies can mimic the effect of TRAIL, triggering the death of ligand sensitive cells. AMG 655 is a fully human monoclonal agonistic antibody (IgG 1 ) directed against human TR-2 and is currently in clinical development. Binding of AMG 655 to TR-2 can activate intracellular caspases and induce apoptosis in a variety of transformed human cell lines in vitro. The anti-tumor potential of AMG 655 was confirmed in vivo using Colo 205 (colon), H2122 (lung), and MiaPaCa2 (pancreatic) tumor xenograft models. AMG 655 inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts in a dose-dependent manner and at higher doses induced the regression of established tumor xenografts. The mechanism of action of AMG 655 was explored in established Colo 205 tumor xenografts using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and laser scanning cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by IHC staining for activated caspases and cellular proliferation was evaluated by IHC staining for BrdU. Activated caspases were induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Activated caspase-3 was transiently induced following a single dose of AMG 655, peaking approximately 12 hours post-treatment and returning to baseline levels by approximately 96 hours. Transient induction of activated caspase-8 occurred prior to the induction of activated caspase-3 and peaked at approximately 6 hours following treatment. In addition to activation of caspases in the extrinsic pathway, activated caspase-9 was also transiently increased indicating that AMG 655 also activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Tumor cell proliferation did not change in vivo following treatment with AMG 655. Concurrent with apoptotic induction in the tumor, elevated levels of activated caspase-3 and M30 (a cytokeratin 18 neoepitope generated by apoptosis) were also detected in the serum of tumor bearing mice following treatment with AMG 655. Consistent with the rapid activation of caspases in the tumor xenograft, peak levels of activated caspase-3 and M30 were detected in the serum approximately 24 hours after treatment with AMG 655. Thus AMG 655 induces rapid apoptosis in tumors followed by subsequent detection of markers of apoptosis in the serum. These data demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity of AMG 655 both in vitro and in vivo via induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. These data support the clinical development of AMG 655.
Novel thiazolidinedione’s effect on human colorectal cancer cells: implications for inferred signaling pathway analysis

1553 The gamma isoform of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARγ) shows much promise as a chemopreventative and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Activation of PPARγ by the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation in human colon cancer cells. RS5444, a novel TZD, is a high affinity and high specificity ligand for PPARγ. We have shown that RS5444 markedly reduced the proliferation of MOSER human colorectal cancer cells under anchorage dependent and independent conditions. The inhibitory effect of RS5444 was irreversible. RS5444 also significantly repressed the invasive phenotype of these tumor cells. Towards elucidating the underlying regulatory network associated with the activation of PPARγ, a dense Affymetrix microarray time course was generated with samples harvested every two hours over a twenty-four hour period. These data suggest several interesting regulatory networks in play with implications to phenotypes observed in vitro . Among these data, the most interesting is the role key transcription factors were modeled controlling cellular behavior. For example, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted early activation of Jun which, in turn, suppressed the expression of a cohort of downstream targets such as BCL2, RUNX2, and MYB which control cell cycle, aggregation, and proliferation respectively. Classifying TZD regulated genes by sub-networks in this fashion addresses a key issue of reducing network complexity. In turn, these sub-networks will serve as candidates for inferred dynamic Bayesian networks, further improving the signaling pathway model. The work described here provides an example of a systems biology approach, linking the physiology of human colon cancer cells and the human genome. This work is supported in part by a grant from Sankyo Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan and a training fellowship from the Keck Center for Computational and Structural Biology of the Gulf Coast Consortia (NLM Grant No. 5T15LM07093).
Co-simulation of electric ship power and control systems using high performance computing

In electric ship design the interaction of the physical plant with the power and energy control system is so complex that simulation for design or analysis is time consuming, especially when a range of time steps is required for dynamic simulation. This paper describes a unique solver that captures the power and control blocks of an electric ship power system described in Simulink and then creates simulations in C# ready for solution on a multicore computer. A comprehensive description of the workflow and results of verification testing are presented.
Farmer Brown v. Rancher Wyatt: Teaching the Coase Theorem.

The Coase Theorem is a fundamental tenet of environmental economics and is taught to thousands of principles of microeconomics students each year. Its counterintuitive conclusion, that a Pareto optimal solution can result between private parties regardless of the initial allocation of property rights over a scarce resource, is difficult for students to understand. By using a mock trial that centers on a property dispute, students can be taught how the Coase Theorem works in practice with minimal preparation. The strong assumptions on which the Coase Theorem relies also can be included to show why the theorem may not hold. By using a unique, active learning technique, students will be more engaged and may have a better understanding of a difficult but seminal theory of economics.
A VARIATION AND EXTENSION OF A MONTAGUE FRAGMENT OF ENGLISH

This paper presents and discusses a fragment of English that is a variation and extension of the fragment presented in Montague (1973) (henceforth PTQ). In addition to the syntactic structures originally treated by Montague, this fragment treats adjectival phrases, three-place and other kinds of verbs, the passive voice, sentences involving the dummy subject it, and reflexive pronouns. The fragment addresses itself to several issues that cannot be discussed here (see Bennett, 1974). The paper concludes with a discussion of certain related syntactic structures that are not treated in the fragment. It is argued that these structures appear to require syntactic rules that closely resemble some of the standard transformations postulated in recent linguistic theory. In presenting this fragment I assume an acquaintance with PTQ.
Biological Consumption of Dimethyl Sulfide in the Marine Euphotic Zone: Results of Radioisotope Experiments

The flux of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the marine atmosphere, hypothesized to have an important climatic effect via modulation of cloud albedo, depends critically on the rapidity of biological cycling of DMS in the water column, which may be much more rapid than its turnover by air—sea exchange. We developed and tested a radioisotope method to measure microbial DMS consumption using 14C-labeled DMS. Results from whole-water incubations in the NE Pacific and Puget Sound, Washington show that CO2 and particulates (cell material) are the primary products and are typically produced in ratios of about 2: 1, suggesting methylotrophic use of DMS as a carbon source, although specific DMS consumers have not yet been isolated from ocean surface waters. Because of low specific activity and low in situ [DMS], a quasi-kinetic approach was required, and estimates of in situ DMS consumption ranged from <0.1 nM d—1 to 0.5 nM d—1, yielding biological turnover times of 3-70 d. In the NE Pacific, rates were consistently lower than those calculated from a chloroform-inhibition method, and the radioisotope method most likely provides a lower bound on the true consumption rates. However, even the lower estimates of biological DMS consumption rates are faster than typical loss to outgassing, indicating that most DMS produced in the upper water column is consumed within the water column.
Change in Manufacturing Productivity in the U.S. South: Implications for Regional Growth Policy

For over a century the U.S. South has been considered a lagging region in which its rates of income and employment growth relegated it to second class economic status. This was reinforced by a dominantly rural agrarian economic base. Despite reasonable economic growth rates, the gap between the South and the rest of the country did not seem to close significantly until the late 1960s and early 1970s. As industrialization took hold and urban agglomeration stimulated related supporting production and business service development, economic restructuring began to change the South and in the 1970s, the gap suddenly began to close. Manufacturing seems to have played a central role in closing this employment, income and wealth gap and in 1980s the South became part of growing “sunbelt” which until that time had been dominated only by western states. It is the role of manufacturing that is examined in this study to understand its present role in regional economic growth in the U.S. South.
Does observed vs expected lung head ratio correlate with neonatal survival in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernias

To investigate whether observed vs expected (O/E) lung–to–head ratio (LHR) correlates with neonatal survival in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Secondary goal was to correlate O/E LHR with Oxygenation index (OI) in the first 12 hours of life.
Videochef: efficient approximation for streaming video processing pipelines

Many video streaming applications require low-latency processing on resource-constrained devices. To meet the latency and resource constraints, developers must often approximate filter computations. A key challenge to successfully tuning approximations is finding the optimal configuration, which may change across and within the input videos because it is content-dependent. Searching through the entire search space for every frame in the video stream is infeasible, while tuning the pipeline offline, on a set of training videos, yields suboptimal results. We present VIDEOCHEF, a system for approximate optimization of video pipelines. VIDEOCHEF finds the optimal configurations of approximate filters at runtime, by leveraging the previously proposed concept of canary inputs--using small inputs to tune the accuracy of the computations and transferring the approximate configurations to full inputs. VIDEOCHEF is the first system to show that canary inputs can be used for complex streaming applications. The two key innovations of VIDEOCHEF are (1) an accurate error mapping from the approximate processing with downsampled inputs to that with full inputs and (2) a directed search that balances the cost of each search step with the estimated reduction in the run time. We evaluate our approach on 106 videos obtained from YouTube, on a set of 9 video processing pipelines with a total of 10 distinct filters. Our results show significant performance improvement over the baseline and the previous approach that uses canary inputs. We also perform a user study that shows that the videos produced by VIDEOCHEF are often acceptable to human subjects.
Interactive checks for coordination avoidance

Strongly consistent distributed systems are easy to reason about but face fundamental limitations in availability and performance. Weakly consistent systems can be implemented with very high performance but place a burden on the application developer to reason about complex interleavings of execution. Invariant confluence provides a formal framework for understanding when we can get the best of both worlds. An invariant confluent object can be efficiently replicated with no coordination needed to preserve its invariants. However, actually determining whether or not an object is invariant confluent is challenging.In this paper, we establish conditions under which a commonly used sufficient condition for invariant confluence is both necessary and sufficient, and we use this condition to design (a) a general-purpose interactive invariant confluence decision procedure and (b) a novel sufficient condition that can be checked automatically. We then take a step beyond invariant confluence and introduce a generalization of invariant confluence, called segmented invariant confluence, that allows us to replicate non-invariant confluent objects with a small amount of coordination.We implemented these formalisms in a prototype called Lucy and found that our decision procedures efficiently handle common real-world workloads including foreign keys, rollups, escrow transactions, and more. We also found that segmented invariant confluent replication can deliver up to an order of magnitude more throughput than linearizable replication for low contention workloads and comparable throughput for medium to high contention workloads.
Performance analysis of an operating windfarm of 21MW in Greece for a period of three years

Wind power is currently the fastest growing exploited source of energy globally. Hence there is an urgent need to understand how wind turbines perform from different perspectives. Even though condition monitoring systems have a huge impact in optimizing wind farm performance via fault anticipation, they do omit several aspects concerning performance. Seemingly, there is a scarcity of studies that attempt to deliver a quick and practical method for wind farm performance analysis, which is the aim of this study. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of operating wind farms via the use of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) and modeled data. The potential annual energy is calculated per individual turbine, factoring in underperforming/loss events to present their power output in accordance with a representative derived operational power curve. Losses/underperformance events are calculated and categorized into several groups, aimed at identifying and quantifying their causes. The methodology requires both anemometry data from the SCADA system, an onsite meteorological mast, a lidar in combination with the mast as well as modeled data. The discrepancy of the data representing the valid points of the power curve is also taken into consideration when assessing performance, i.e. wind speed vs power output of events that are not loss/underperformance. Production loss and relative standard deviation of power/energy output are the main results obtained in this paper. Finally, a number of optimization measures are suggested in order to boost performance, which can enhance a wind farm’s financial results. To assess the reliability of the proposed methodology, a case study was conducted and evaluated. The case study concerns a windfarm with nominal capacity of 21MW in Kitheronas, Viotia county, Greece which has been operational since November 2014. The case study shows that the methodology is capable of determining potential energy and associated losses/underperformance events. Several questions were raised during the assessment and are discussed in this work, recommendations for optimization measures are presented at the end of the paper. It also contains a discussion on the limitations and uncertainties associated with the presented methodology and case study.
A Lexical Approach to Identifying Subtype Inconsistencies in Biomedical Terminologies

We introduce a lexical-based inference approach for identifying subtype (or $is_{-}a$ relation) inconsistencies in biomedical terminologies. Given a terminology, we first represent the name of each concept in the terminology as a sequence of words. We then generate hierarchically-linked and-unlinked pairs of concepts, such that the two concepts in a pair have the same number of words, and contain at least one word in common and a fixed number n of different words $(n = 1,2,3,4,5)$. The linked and unlinked concept-pairs further infer corresponding linked and unlinked term-pairs, respectively. If a linked concept-pair and an unlinked concept-pair infer the same term-pair, we consider this as a potential subtype inconsistency, which may indicate a missing subtype relation or an incorrect subtype relation. We applied this approach to Gene Ontology (GO), National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt) and SNOMED CT. A total of 4,841 potential subtype inconsistencies were found in GO, 2,677 in NCIt, and 53,782 in SNOMED CT. Domain experts evaluated a random sample of 211 potential inconsistencies in GO, and verified that 124 of them are valid $(\mathrm {i}.\mathrm {e}.$, a precision of 58.77% for detecting subtype inconsistencies in GO). We also performed a preliminary study on the extent to which external knowledge in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) can provide supporting evidence for validating the detected potential inconsistencies: 0.54% $(=26/4841)$ for GO, 11.43% $(=306/2677)$ for NCIt, and 3.61% $(=1940/53782)$ for SNOMED CT. Results indicate that our lexical-based inference approach is a promising way to identify subtype inconsistencies and facilitates the quality improvement of biomedical terminologies.
Within-syndicate conflicts, loan covenants, and syndicate formation

We study how conflicts within a lending syndicate affect loan contract and syndicate formation. We argue that loan provisions serve an important dual function: In addition to moderating borrower–lender conflicts, they reduce within‐syndicate conflicts. We show that greater potential for within‐syndicate conflicts is associated with more and stricter covenants. Loans are less restrictive when the interests of participants and the lead arrangers are better aligned, for example, when participant–banks have stronger relationships with the lead arranger or hold borrower's equity (indirectly). Overall, our results show that covenant choice, syndicate formation, and lead arranger's loan allocation all play an important role in reducing within‐syndicate conflicts.
Exploring the Patterns Underlying Online Reviews: The Study of a Travel-Advisory Website

Online reviews are important sources of information for travelers. However, existing academic understanding of these popular information sources in the tourism and hospitality domain is relatively weak. In this study, we explore the patterns and features of online reviews extracted from a popular travel-advisory website. We consider factors such as numerical rating distribution, amount of information in the reviews and the relationship between review ratings and various attributes of the lodging properties reviewed on the website. The analysis reveals that the reviews are heavily skewed towards positive ratings and there is a paucity of balanced and negative reviews. Further, the correlation between review rating and ratings on individual attributes is very low suggesting that the overall numerical ratings typically used in review systems may not be the ideal indicators of customers’ perceived service quality and satisfaction. Textual analysis uncovers nuanced opinions that are generally lost in crude numerical ratings. The implications of this study for future research and practice are discussed.
Cost of floating exchange rates: Synthetic control estimation

This paper explores the impact of switching exchange rate regimes from fixed to floating on the sovereign credit risk. We perform synthetic control estimation analysis, which compares monthly observations of Emerging Market Bond Index Global (EMBIG) trajectory of treated countries, which switched their exchange rate regimes to floating, with the trajectory of their counterfactuals constructed from a combination of similar but untreated countries, which kept their exchange rates managed. The results provide evidence that breaking the exchange rate pegs incurs a statistically significant increase in the average risk premium by 0.21 - 0.35 standard deviations for three to seven months; however, extended analyses through event study framework also hints that a floating regime may help to stabilize the economy in the longer run.
Technology Policy Roadmap: Big Data Privacy

Big Data is increasingly becoming more mature and part of how to do business in almost all sectors. This is due to the valuable insights and analytics Big Data can offer to businesses. However, the expanded use of Big Data is not without risks. One major such risk is the breach of privacy and security of individuals and their data. This chapter examines how to address the privacy data concerns that the pervasiveness of data collection, analysis, and storage creates regarding individuals’ ability to control their data. To conduct this analysis, the authors leveraged technology roadmapping (TRM) analysis in combination with quality function deployment (QFD) to assess the data privacy relevant factors. The focus was on the social problems, technologies, resources, and industries that are most relevant to this issue. The findings showed that when it comes to data privacy, the healthcare industry is one of the most critical industries to be considered due to the nature of the data generated through medical processes and technologies. Additionally, the paper found that enforcement mechanisms, specifically in the form of federal enforcement agencies, are the most effective approaches to ensure compliance by actors. It is also realized that there are extenuating political circumstances and increased costs that make the implementation of those policies challenging in the United States.
Patience is a virtue: exploiting behavior bias in gambling markets

We examine the influence of bettor behavior in sports gambling markets and the resulting creation of exploitable betting opportunities for patient bettors. Specifically, we build on past research on behavioral bias as a predictor of bettor behavior and explore how this behavior can result in market inefficiencies. Using data from National Football League games taking place between 2007-2019, we find that bettor decision-making is erroneously influenced by recent performance of teams. This bias creates profitable betting opportunities for those less subject to recency bias, and are surprisingly greater for the more prudent, patient bettor. Our findings confirm the need for additional research examining the influence of psychology and behavioral biases on individual decision making and how these factors can influence market efficiency.
The Influence of Family Communication Patterns and Identity Frames on Perceived Collective Psychological Ownership and Intentions to Share Health Information.

An experimental study exposed participants (N = 299) to different message frames to investigate whether Family Communication Patterns (FCP) and message characteristics influenced willingness to communicate about Family Health History (FHH). Message frames were either collective (our), individual (mine), or control (no pronouns). Afterward, participants were asked about their perceived collective psychological ownership of health information, attitudes, subjective norms, and FHH communication intentions. Although the message frames had no impact on perceived collective psychological ownership of health information, conversation orientation and conformity orientation (respecting parental authority) were positively associated with perceived collective psychological ownership of health information. Additionally, perceived collective psychological ownership, attitudes, and subjective norms were found to have indirect effects between FCP and FHH communication intentions. These findings provide further support that FCP influences how health message appeals are processed and suggest interventions could be tailored to FCP orientations for effective FHH behaviors.
CPM - As Complete Project Management

New techniques for better using a network analysis schedule is examined. CPM, which formerly signified critical path method, has been expanded to mean complete project management. The new management tools now available include a cost status report, a cash flow report, and a resource analysis report. The contractor is also able to keep his project current by periodic monitor revisions. Complete project management is economically effective for use in light construction.