cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions of nadolol: Acute ischemia in the presence of previous myocardial infarction

The actions of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, d,l-nadolol, were examined in anesthetized dogs subjected to circumflex coronary artery ligation in the presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction. With circumflex ligation, control dogs (N = 18) developed premature ventricular beats and ventricular tachycardia, followed by ventricular fibrillation (N = 16, 89%). Immediate arrhythmias (2 to 5 minutes) were accompanied by activation delays and continuous diastolic electrical activity in acutely ischemic epicardial tissue. Delayed arrhythmias (6 to 12 minutes) were accompanied by delayed activation and continuous diastolic electrical activity in acutely ischemic mid-myocardium. Nadolol (8 mg/kg, intravenously) (N = 10) reduced ventricular arrhythmias during both phases of arrhythmia development and increased survival (70%, p = 0.001 vs control). Nadolol failed to after activation in acutely ischemic epicardium, but prevented beat-to-beat changes in epicardial and mid-myocardial activation. Atrial pacing of nadolol-treated animals at heart rates comparable with those of the control group reversed the beneficial effects of nadolol on the development of ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation (70%; p = 0.07 vs nadolol; p = 0.21 vs control, respectively). The beneficial effects of nadolol could not be attributed to reduced epicardial delays, but were associated with the suppression of beat-to-beat conduction abnormalities that preceded ventricular fibrillation.
The Embodied Dynamism of Moral Becoming: Reply to Haidt (2010).

Jon Haidt (2001) has done a great service to the field of moral psychology by drawing our attention to the importance of intuition in moral evaluation. He has proposed provocative new models and hypotheses that can be tested in experimental situations and has inspired additional models and theories about intuition. But there is much more work to be done. Here are four things that need deep study before a truly synthetic moral psychology theory is possible (Haidt, 2010, this issue).
Synthesis and configuration analysis of 9,18- and 10,18-dihydroxystearic acid methyl esters

Abstract The syntheses of 9,18- and 10,18-dihydroxystearic acid methyl esters, which are components of plant cutin, are described. Conversion of the primary alcohol group of these diols to a t-butyldimethylsilyl ether followed by reaction of the residual secondary alcohol group with ( S )-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylisocyanate produces diastereomeric carbamates that are resolved by silica gel high-performance liquid chromatography and whose configurations may be assigned by the 1 H-NMR shift differences of the carbomethoxy and silylmethyl signals.
Effects of valence and receiver defensiveness on acceptance of feedback in counseling groups

Abstract Members of personal growth groups were more accepting of positive feedback than of negative feedback; however, receiver defensiveness levels were not related to feedback acceptance.
Theories of bank behavior under capital regulation

Abstract This paper reviews academic studies of bank capital regulation in an effort to evaluate the intellectual foundation for the imposition of the Basel I and Basel II systems of risk-based capital requirements. The theoretical literature yields general agreement about the immediate effects of capital requirements on bank lending and loan rates and the longer-term impacts on bank ratios of equity to total or risk-adjusted assets. This literature produces highly mixed predictions, however, regarding the effects of capital regulation on asset risk and overall safety and soundness for the banking system as a whole. Thus, the intellectual foundation for the present capital-regulation regime is not particularly strong. The mixed conclusions in the academic literature on banking certainly do not provide unqualified support for moving to an even more stringent and costly system of capital requirements. These widely ambiguous results do suggest, however, that assessing the implications of capital regulation for balance-sheet risk and monitoring effort in diverse banking systems is an important agenda for future theoretical research in the banking area.
Smooth Fourier interpolation of periodic functions.

The Shankland-Koelling-Wood Fourier interpolation scheme is altered by a more physical choice of roughness function. Examples are presented demonstrating the improvement in the resulting band-structure plots; a more critical application is to the computation of the transport properties of crystalline solids which require second derivatives of the electronic energy bands.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria without Formylation of the Initiator tRNA

Protein synthesis in eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts is widely believed to require a formylated initiator methionyl tRNA (fMet-tRNAfMet) for initiation. Here we show that initiation of protein synthesis in yeast mitochondria can occur without formylation of the initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNAfMet). The formylation reaction is catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTF) located in mitochondria and uses N10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-formyl-THF) as the formyl donor. We have studied yeast mutants carrying chromosomal disruptions of the genes encoding the mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate (C1-THF) synthase (MIS1), necessary for synthesis of 10-formyl-THF, and the methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (open reading frame YBL013W; designated FMT1). A direct analysis of mitochondrial tRNAs using gel electrophoresis systems that can separate fMet-tRNAfMet, Met-tRNAfMet, and tRNAfMet shows that there is no formylation in vivo of the mitochondrial initiator Met-tRNA in these strains. In contrast, the initiator Met-tRNA is formylated in the respective “wild-type” parental strains. In spite of the absence of fMet-tRNAfMet, the mutant strains exhibited normal mitochondrial protein synthesis and function, as evidenced by normal growth on nonfermentable carbon sources in rich media and normal frequencies of generation of petite colonies. The only growth phenotype observed was a longer lag time during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources in minimal media for the mis1 deletion strain but not for the fmt1 deletion strain.
Measurement of density and viscosity of dodecane and decane with a piezoelectric tuning fork over 298–448 K and 0.1–137.9 MPa

Abstract A novel downhole density-and-viscosity sensor has been developed utilizing a lithium niobate (LNB) piezoelectric tuning fork resonator with two embedded electrodes. The mechanical flexural tuning fork resonator can be described by an electrical equivalent circuit model when it is immersed in a fluid. Based on this model, it is shown that a simple algorithm can be derived to calculate the fluid density and viscosity simultaneously by using experimentally determined peak frequencies of the real and imaginary components of the admittance spectra of the tuning fork. Tests conducted on the tuning fork resonator using a variety of Newtonian fluids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure revealed that the calculated fluid densities and viscosities closely agreed with known fluid values. In addition, at high pressures and temperatures the measured viscosities and densities of two reference hydrocarbon fluids, dodecane and decane, agreed reasonably well with the scientific literature values over a temperature range of 298–448 K (25–175 °C) and a pressure range of 0.1–137.9 MPa (14.5 psi–20 kpsi), which are typical of downhole environments.
Some of the developments in radiology during the last forty-five years

T HE speciahy of radiology is one of the younger divisions of science. Though it is diffrcuIt to assign a beginning to the science of radioIogy, there is no doubt that the discovery of the roentgen ray by WiIheIm Konrad Rijntgen and of radium by Pierre and Marie Curie were the cornerstones. It wouId be impossibIe, in the narrow Iimits of this presentation, to evaIuate properIy these discoveries. Such a task would incIude a careful study of the work of many scientists. In fact a11 the apparatus used by Rontgen in his discovery represented the Iabor of many students and ingenious investigators of the preceding three centuries. Sylvannus P. Thompson, the we11 known EngIish physicist, in an address before the newIy founded British Roentgen Society, held on November 5, 1897, stated the foIIowing: “November 8, 1893 wiI1 ever be memorable in the history of science. On that day a Iight which, so far as human observation goes, never was on land or sea, was first observed. The observer, Professor WiIheIm Konrad Rontgen. The pIace, the Institute of Physics in the University of Wiirzburg in Bavaria. What he saw with his own eyes, a faint fhckering greenish iIIumination upon a bit of cardboard, painted over with a Auorescent chemical preparation. Upon the faintly iIIumined surface a Iine of dark shadow. AI1 this in a carefuIIy darkened room, from which every known kind of ray had been scrupuIousIy excluded. In that room a Crookes tube, stimulated internaIIy by sparks from an induction coi1, but carefuIly covered by a shieId of bIack cardboard, impervious to PENNSYLVANIA
Yukawa couplings in superstring compactification.

A topological formula is given for the entire tree-level contribution to the low-energy effective action of a Calabi-Yau superstring compactification. The constraints on proton lifetime in the Calabi-Yau compactification are discussed in detail.
The Cultural Politics of Local Economic Development: The Case of Toledo Jeep

This paper examines the inter–relationship between local dependence and local culture, reviews the historical development of Toledo’s industrial bases with an emphasis on automobiles and Jeep, and considers the historical context of the recent Jeep Crisis. The authors assert that the shared culture practices of Toledo residents –locality as cultures of production– contributed to community–wide mobilisation, the construction of a unique business coalition, and the resolution of the 1997 Jeep Crisis. Using a case study, the paper builds on a growing literature in economic and cultural geographies that repositions ‘culture’ as a core theme of contemporary economic development and demonstrates that the scalar politics of globalisation are not only local, but cultural.
Disappearing, Inc.: Glimpsing the sublime in the politics of access to endangered languages

Abstract The central themes of a popular and scholarly literature of language endangerment are connected broadly to European concepts of Wonder and the Sublime, and specifically to an American ambivalence about ‘progress’ and environmental despoliation (also expressed, e.g., in 19th century American landscape painting). The documentation of ‘vanishing’ American Indian languages by John Peabody Harrington (1884–1961)—carried out indefatigably, in secret, and always in ‘salvage’ mode—is considered next. Harrington’s vast Nachlass is today playing a central role in language revitalization and tribal recognition efforts of contemporary Native Californians, even as its contents, and its compiler, remain at least partly lodged in those same Romantic tropes of the Sublime (as was Harrington’s own self-image, perhaps): limitless, forbidding, impenetrable. Writing as a way of rendering languages accessible and rescuing them from ‘oblivion’ is the unifying theme, ironically enough.
Chalcone-analogue fluorescent prfobes for saccharides signaling using the boronic acid group.

Two new fluorescent probes based on 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one and on 1,5-diphenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one structures are presented. Both probes posses one electron-donating dimethylamino group and one boronic acid group (electron-withdrawing group). The change between the neutral and the anionic form of the boronic acid group induced at high pH and/or in presence of sugar, induces optical changes for both probes. Spectroscopic data, pKa and dissociation constants for different monosaccharides are presented and discussed in terms of sugar detection.
Fundamental Properties and Distances of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Eclipsing Binaries. II. HV 982

We have determined the distance to a second eclipsing binary (EB) system in the Large Magellanic Cloud, HV 982 (DB1 IVV ) DB1 IVV). The measurement of the distanceamong other properties of the systemis based on optical photometry and spectroscopy and space-based UV/optical spectropho- tometry. The analysis combines the ii classical ˇˇ EB study of light and radial velocity curves, which yields the stellar masses and radii, with a new analysis of the observed energy distribution, which yields the eUective temperature, metallicity, and reddening of the system plus the distance ii attenuation factor,ˇˇ essentially (radius/distance)2. Combining the results gives the distance to HV 982, which is 50.2 ^ 1.2 kpc. This distance determination consists of a detailed study of well-understood objects (B stars) in a well-understood evolutionary phase (core H burning). The results are entirely consistent withbut do not depend onstellar evolution calculations. There are no ii zero-point ˇˇ uncertainties as, for example, with the use of Cepheid variables. Neither is the result subject to sampling biases, as may aUect tech- niques that utilize whole stellar populations, such as red giant branch stars. Moreover, the analysis is insensitive to stellar metallicity (although the metallicity of the stars is explicitly determined), and the eUects of interstellar extinction are determined for each object studied. After correcting for the location of HV 982, we —nd an implied distance to the optical center of the LMCs bar of kpc. d LMC \ 50.7 ^ 1.2 This result diUers by nearly 5 kpc from our earlier result for the EB HV 2274, which implies a bar distance of 45.9 kpc. These results may either re—ect marginally compatible measures of a unique LMC distance or, alternatively, suggest a signi—cant depth to the stellar distribution in the LMC. Some evi- dence for this latter hypothesis is discussed. Subject headings: binaries: eclipsingdistance scaleMagellanic Cloudsstars: distances ¨ stars: fundamental parametersstars: individual (HV 982)
The impact of childhood temperament on the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms over the course of adolescence

The purpose of this study was to characterize the development of BPD symptoms across adolescence by evaluating the fit of several latent variable growth models to annual assessments of symptoms obtained from girls when they were ages 14 through 19 years. After determining the best fitting model, we examined prospective associations between the temperament dimensions of emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness and BPD symptom development. We utilized longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study; one of the few large-scale, prospective studies of girls (N = 2,450) in the United States. Parent- and teacher-reports of girls’ temperament were collected at Wave 1, when girls were ages 5–8 years. Child-reports of BPD symptoms were collected annually beginning at age 14 through 19 years. We found that a free curve slope intercept model provided the best model fit, with the course of BPD symptoms characterized by a large component of inter-individual stability and a smaller component representing within-individual changes across adolescence. Symptoms appeared to peak by age 15, decline through age 18, and remain steady between ages 18 and 19 years. Both parent- and teacher-reports of temperament emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness predicted the developmental course of symptoms. BPD symptoms in adolescence reflect trait-like differences between youth with less within-person variability across time. Childhood temperament dimensions of emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness predict adolescent BPD symptom development. Parent- and teacher-informants provide unique information about the course of BPD symptoms, underscoring the utility of collecting child assessments using multiple informants.
PROTEIN ANQ AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF COTTONSEED FLOUR FERMENTED WITH SELECTED FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

Proteins and amino acids were examined in cottonseed flour that had been fermented for 4 and 7 days with six selected filamentous fungi used in food processing. The fungi included Aspergillus sojae, Rhizopus oligosporus, Monascus purpureus, Actinomucor elegans, and two strains of A. oryzae. Quantities of proteins and amino acids in nonstorage, storage, and residue extracts varied among fermentations, depending on fungal species and inoculation time. Gel electrophoretic patterns of nonstorage and storage protein fractions were similar for autoclaved, but not for fermented flour; proteins in fractions from flour that was not autoclaved were distinguishable by this procedure. Protein gel patterns of fractions from the different fermentations studied showed increased numbers of small polypeptide components; quantity of protein bands in gel patterns also varied among fermentations. Isoleucine and leucine were limiting amino acids in controls and in most fermented preparations; certain protein fractions in the residue had methionine + cystine as limiting amino acids. Among fermentations, nutritional quality of storage and residual protein fractions from 4-day treatments of the two A. oryzae strains showed the greatest improvement.
Fluids of hard convex molecules

Recent work on fluids of hard convex molecules uses differential and integral geometry to reformulate the graphical expansion of the Helmholtz free energy. The reformulated expression involves only one-body geometry rather than the two-body geometry implicit in the Mayer f-function. The price paid for this reduction is the appearance of sets of n-point measures of one-body geometry. For the ring graphs, only 2-point measures are required; this makes it feasible to evaluate these graphs, previously obtained by Monte Carlo integration, by fast and accurate direct integration. The calculations involved in going beyond 2-point measures appear formidable. We present an overview of the theory, omitting technical details discussed in the original papers.
DESIGN OF GROUND WATER MONITORING QUALITY NETWORKS

A brief review of approaches to the design of subsurface water quality monitoring networks is presented. A theoretical discussion about methods to estimate parameters related to information based design approaches is presented. A hypothetical problem is then constructed to analyze the effect that different estimation procedures have on extending the design of a monitoring network. Results of this analysis indicate that although different parametric estimation procedures can produce significantly different parameter estimates, the resulting monitoring network design will be relatively unaffected.
Spray cryotherapy is effective for bronchoscopic, endoscopic and open ablation of thoracic tissues

RESULTS: Bronchoscopic SCT of the airway resulted in cellular death up to the cartilage layer. Endoscopic SCT of the oesophagus led to cell death up to the adventitial layer. Tissue necrosis was severe in the lung, of full thickness in the pleura, but very superficial in the great vessels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of treated tissues remained well-preserved. Having shorter but more cycles of SCT decreased the depth of the cellular necrosis. One pig developed ventricular fibrillation during the surgery and expired. CONCLUSIONS: SCT causes reproducible tissue injury with the preserved ECM of most tissues within the thoracic cavity, making it enticing for ablation around vital structures like the great vessels with a decreased long-term risk. Further study is warranted to investigate the adverse events during SCT.
SNP_NLMM: A SAS Macro to Implement a Flexible Random Effects Density for Generalized Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Models

Generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models (GMMMs and NLMMs) are commonly used to represent non-Gaussian or nonlinear longitudinal or clustered data. A common assumption is that the random effects are Gaussian. However, this assumption may be unrealistic in some applications, and misspecification of the random effects density may lead to maximum likelihood parameter estimators that are inconsistent, biased, and inefficient. Because testing if the random effects are Gaussian is difficult, previous research has recommended using a flexible random effects density. However, computational limitations have precluded widespread use of flexible random effects densities for GLMMs and NLMMs. We develop a SAS macro, SNP_NLMM, that overcomes the computational challenges to fit GLMMs and NLMMs where the random effects are assumed to follow a smooth density that can be represented by the seminonparametric formulation proposed by Gallant and Nychka (1987). The macro is flexible enough to allow for any density of the response conditional on the random effects and any nonlinear mean trajectory. We demonstrate the SNP_NLMM macro on a GLMM of the disease progression of toenail infection and on a NLMM of intravenous drug concentration over time.
Microbial degradation of polymer solids. I. Cellophane

Specimens of regenerated cellulose films (cellophane) have been inoculated with cellulolytic fungi and the resulting degradation monitored through change in physical properties. Investigation of structure–property relationship in cellophane have revealed that surface microfibrils are highly oriented parallel to the manufacturing machine direction, while those in the film interior exist in a somewhat disordered array. Cellulase enzymes have been observed to diffuse appreciable distances from their point of application and to attack disordered regions more readily than the crystallites. Damage to surface microfibrils appears to involve their being cleaved into short segments. The fungus studied in this work forms a network of hyphae that covers much of the specimen surface soon after growth starts; hyphae penetrate into the film and proceed to remove its core more rapidly than surface layers. Tensile strength declines progressively as this degradation occurs, but vapor barrier properties remain essentially unchanged over the period of these studies. The suggests that intrusion of hyphae, in combination with enzymatic digestion of cellulose, rapidly lowers load-bearing characteristics, but moisture permeation rates stay nearly constant owing to the presence of fungal material at sites where cellulose has been removed.
Distributed Cyclic Spectrum Feature-Based Modulation Classification

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is a very important process for any receiver that has no, or limited, knowledge of the modulation scheme of the received signal. In addition to military systems, AMC has been receiving an increasing amount of interest in the context of spectrum sharing cognitive radio systems. In this paper, we present an AMC system based upon the distributed processing of local classification decisions made by multiple radios. These radios consist of two stages: a cyclic spectrum feature-based AMC stage and a decision making (DM) stage that makes a local decision that is sent to a fusion center. This fusion center then makes a global decision based on its own AMC stage and on the local decisions made by the radios. A nonlinear Gauss-Seidel iterative algorithm is used to find the person-by-person optimum decision rules for the fusion center and DMs. It is shown that the proposed distributed approach results in a significant increase in the probability of signal detection and correct classification, at the expense of requiring messages to be transmitted among the fusion center and the radios in the system.
How the Doctor Got Gagged

To the Editor. —The article by Sugarman and Powers entitled "How the Doctor Got Gagged" 1 incorrectly characterizes the recent Supreme Court decision in Rust v Sullivan 2 as a "significant departure from established precedent." Apparently, this "significant departure" follows from their misperception of a general recognition by the judiciary of a right to "unrestricted communication within the physician-patient relationship." In reality, there is a long history of judicial tolerance of governmental regulation of physician-patient communication. Moreover, there is nothing in the constitution that explicitly denies the right of the people to regulate the delivery of medical care. One may ask, wouldn't we be better off if there was a recognized right to privacy in physician-patient communications? Indeed, as a practicing physician, I believe there should be such a right. The recent Supreme Court decision in Rust does not close the door to the establishment of such a right. What
Structure Determination of Membrane Proteins by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Many biological membranes consist of 50% or more (by weight) membrane proteins, which constitute approximately one-third of all proteins expressed in biological organisms. Helical membrane proteins function as receptors, enzymes, and transporters, among other unique cellular roles. Additionally, most drugs have membrane proteins as their receptors, notably the superfamily of G protein–coupled receptors with seven transmembrane helices. Determining the structures of membrane proteins is a daunting task because of the effects of the membrane environment; specifically, it has been difficult to combine biologically compatible environments with the requirements for the established methods of structure determination. There is strong motivation to determine the structures in their native phospholipid bilayer environment so that perturbations from nonnatural lipids and phases do not have to be taken into account. At present, the only method that can work with proteins in liquid crystalline phospholipid bilayers is solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
Smooth diamond films grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition on positively biased silicon substrates

Diamond films have been grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on mirror-polished positively biased Si substrates. Very smooth films a few micrometers thick were obtained in only 30 min. SEM, x-ray diffraction patterns, and Raman were used to characterize the films. Not only diamond but other carbon phases, were also detected. The initial structure showed a high density of defects and large stresses. Structural changes in time were found to occur with films apparently undergoing a phase transformation.
Valuing Affect: The Centrality of Emotion, Memory, and Identity in Garage Sale Exchange

This article draws upon affect theory to analyze transformations of garage sale sellers through the exchange of their affectively charged possessions. Garage sales are awash with human emotion; they feature used personal belongings suffused with identities, histories, stories, and memories that are moved along with affect. The objects for sale are “sticky” in that they act as vessels and glue for strands of sentiment to reflexively pass between sellers and buyers, transmitting affective orientations, whether positive or negative. The affective elements of garage sale goods are contagious as they can intersubjectively leap from one body to another.
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES ON MYCOBACTERIA Relationship of Colony Morphology to Mycoside Content for Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium fortuitum

Fregnan, G. B. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), D. W. Smith, and H. M. Randall. Biological and chemical studies on mycobacteria. Relationship of colony morphology to mycoside content for Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium fortuitum. J. Bacteriol. 82:517-527. 1961.-Using a suitable technique and an adequate medium it was possible to show a unique and uniform type of colony characteristic for Mycobacterium kansasii (photochromogen) and for Mycobacterium fortuitum strains freshly isolated either from patients, or from the soil, or kept in our stock culture collection for several years. New symbols have been proposed to represent these colony types. It was demonstrated that colony morphology is closely related to the specific mycoside present in a given strain; for example, M. kansasii strains showed in each instance colony type K and mycoside A, and M. fortuitum strains showed colony type F and mycoside F. Attention is called to the importance of the technique and the medium used. No change in colony morphology resulted from incubation in the presence of air containing 5 to 10% CO(2), although this improved growth. Better growth of mycobacteria occurred in the presence of glycerol, or lipids of a human strain of mycobacteria, or sodium bicarbonate, but the specificity of colony form was lost.
Cloning of an intracellular receptor for protein kinase C: a homolog of the beta subunit of G proteins.

Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) translocates from the soluble to the cell particulate fraction on activation. Intracellular receptors that bind activated PKC in the particulate fraction have been implicated by a number of studies. Previous work identified 30- to 36-kDa proteins in the particulate fraction of heart and brain that bound activated PKC in a specific and saturable manner. These proteins were termed receptors for activated C-kinase, or RACKs. In the following study, we describe the cloning of a cDNA encoding a 36-kDa protein (RACK1) that fulfills the criteria for RACKs. (i) RACK1 bound PKC in the presence of PKC activators, but not in their absence. (ii) PKC binding to the recombinant RACK1 was not inhibited by a pseudosubstrate peptide or by a substrate peptide derived from the pseudosubstrate sequence, indicating that the binding did not reflect simply PKC association with its substrate. (iii) Binding of PKC to RACK1 was saturable and specific; two other protein kinases did not bind to RACK1. (iv) RACK1 contains two short sequences homologous to a PKC binding sequence previously identified in annexin I and in the brain PKC inhibitor KCIP. Peptides derived from these sequences inhibited PKC binding to RACK1. Finally, RACK1 is a homolog of the beta subunit of G proteins, which were recently implicated in membrane anchorage of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase [Pitcher, J., Inglese, L., Higgins, J. B., Arriza, J. A., Casey, P. J., Kim, C., Benovic, J. L., Kwatra, M. M., Caron, M. G. & Lefkowitz, R. J. (1992) Science 257, 1264-1267]. Our in vitro data suggest a role for RACK1 in PKC-mediated signaling.
Person-specific changes in motor performance accompany upper extremity functional gains after stroke

In animal models, hundreds of repetitions of upper extremity (UE) task practice promote neural adaptation and functional gain. Recently, we demonstrated improved UE function following a similar intervention for people after stroke. In this secondary analysis, computerized measures of UE task performance were used to identify movement parameters that changed as function improved. Ten people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis participated in high-repetition UE task-specific training 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Before and after training, we assessed UE function with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and evaluated motor performance using computerized motion capture during a reach-grasp-transport-release task. Movement parameters included the duration of each movement phase, trunk excursion, peak aperture, aperture path ratio, and peak grip force. Group results showed an improvement in ARAT scores (p = .003). Although each individual changed significantly on at least one movement parameter, across the group there were no changes in any movement parameter that reached or approached significance. Changes on the ARAT were not closely related to changes in movement parameters. Since aspects of motor performance that contribute to functional change vary across individuals, an individualized approach to upper extremity motion analysis appears warranted.
Starburst Feedback in Local, Massive Galaxies

Major mergers of gas-rich galaxies, each comparable in mass to the Milky Way, are rare at the present epoch. These events were readily identifed, however, two decades ago in far-infrared sky surveys (Soifer et al . 1986, 1987). Removal of the dust enshrouding these starbursts was almost immediately proposed as an evolutionary path to quasar formation (Sanders 1988). Recent measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion, rotation speed, and stellar surface brightness profile of these mergers suggest ULIRGs are indeed progenitors of field elliptical galaxies (Genzel et al . 2001; Tacconi et al . 2002).
Interaction between cardiac pacemakers and deep brain stimulation pulse generators: Technical considerations

Abstract Deep brain stimulators and cardiac pacemakers are well established modalities for movement disorders and cardiac abnormalities respectively. Here, we report our experience with three patients who have cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implanted in another facility and presented with both cardiac and neurologic symptoms which required surgical intervention and repositioning of the deep brain stimulator generator. It is essential to keep both devices in separate compartments at a safe distance of more than 6 inches with appropriate programming parameters to avoid interference between the devices. Device interference may result in neurologic or cardiac sequel. DBS can be implanted safely in patients with cardiac pacemakers under strict vigilance.
The use of prednisone to initiate or potentiate diuresis in chronic hepatic disease with ascites.

Summary 1.Prednisone has been shown to initiate diuresis and natruresis and to potentiate the action of diuretic agents in patients with chronic hepatic disease and ascites. 2.The diuretic action of prednisone appears to be independent of improvement in liver function and related primarily to alterations in renal function induced by the adrenal steroids. 3.Possible mechanisms of this action of prednisone have been discussed.
Statistics for Clinical Monitors and Drug Regulatory Personnel

AbstractThis is the first in a series of articles to be presented in this Journal on basic statistical concepts which are applicable to the clinical process. We will start with vocabulary and definitions, and gradually advance to concepts of experimental design and interpretations of various statistical analyses common to clinical trials. These articles are based, in part, on material presented in greater detail in the book, Pharmaceutical Statistics, by the author (1). Every effort will be made in this series to avoid jargon and technical detail, so that those who are not mathematically sophisticated will be able to obtain some insight into statistical thinking.
Effects of Acid-Base Alterations on Cerebrospinal Fluid Production

SummaryCerebrospinal (CSF) fluid formation rates were measured by ventriculocisternal perfusion with an inulin containing buffer during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis in dogs. Some of the animals also received acetazolamide, 50 mg/kg, intravenously during the acid-base alteration. It was found that metabolic and respiratory acidosis had no constant effect on CSF production rates. Metabolic alkalosis reduced CSF production 23% and respiratory alkalosis reduced it 46%. The addition of acetazolamide during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis as well as during respiratory alkalosis caused a significant decrease in CSF production rates as compared to production during the periods of acid-base alterations alone.
Body Size, Reproductive Behavior, and Fertility in Three Genetic Lines of Japanese Quail

Abstract The influences of body size on early locomotor activity, intermale aggression, mating behavior, fertility, and hatchability were studied in three lines of Japanese quail. Lines P and C originated from the same base population with P selected for high 28-day body weight and C maintained as a randombred population. Line S was a randombred line unrelated to P and C. Line P quail were larger than both C and S quail, which were similar in size and had proportionally larger cloacal glands than those from the P line. The P and S males were more aggressive than C males. Although there was no difference among the three lines for number of attempted matings, C and S males completed more matings and had better mating efficiency and fertility than P males. The P females received more attempted matings than C and S females, but S females completed more matings, resulting in higher mating efficiency. Fertility tended to be lower in P females, while hatchability of fertile eggs was similar across all lines. The effect of body size on reproductive performance is discussed in the context of genetic homeostasis.
Choosing Appropriate Metrics to Evaluate Adverse Events in Safety Evaluation

Safety assessment and monitoring are critical throughout the life cycle of drug development. The evaluation of safety information, specifically adverse events, from clinical trials has always been challenging for a number of reasons, such as the unexpectedness and rarity of some important adverse events, the fact that some events can recur, and the events’ variability in duration and severity. To accurately characterize and communicate the risk profile of a drug, the choice of metrics is critical. However, there seems to be a lack of consistency, clear guidance, and comprehensive recommendations on choosing metrics for assessing adverse events in clinical trials. This article reviews the common metrics and provides some recommendations.
Effect of phytohemagglutinin on hemolytic plaque formation by rat lymphoid cells.

SummaryRat TD, splenic, and thymic cells, with or without prior exposure to SRC in vivo, yielded reduced numbers of PFC when the lymphoid cells were incubated for 96 hours in a medium containing PHA-M during 1-4 days of the incubation. The infusion of PHA-P into rats 3 and 2 days before and after the intravenous injection of SRC resulted in a diminution of PFC in the spleen. The administration of PHA-P to rats 1 day before, at the time of, or 1 day after antigen injection resulted in an increase of PFC in the spleen.
Determine electric field directions at semiconductor surfaces by femtosecond frequency domain interferometric second harmonic (FDISH) generation

Abstract Optical excitations at semiconductor surfaces or interfaces are accompanied by transient interfacial electric fields due to charge redistribution or transfer. While such transient fields may be probed by time-resolved second harmonic generation (TR-SHG), it is difficult to determine the field direction, which is invaluable to unveiling the underlying physics. Here we apply a time-resolved frequency domain interferometric second harmonic (TR-FDISH) generation technique to determine the phase relationship between the SH field emitted from bulk GaAs(1 0 0) and the transient SH field from the space charge region. The interference between these two SH fields allow us to unambiguously determine the directions of transient electric fields. Since SH fields from a static bulk contribution and a changing electric field contribution are present at most semiconductor surfaces or interfaces under optical excitation, the TR-FDISH technique is of general significance to probing the dynamics of interfacial charge transfer/redistribution.
Computational epidemiology as a challenge domain for multiagent systems

This paper describes the state of the art in computational epidemiology and makes the case that the multiagent systems field can both contribute much to, and gain much from, applications in this area. We discuss some of the major problems in epidemiology that can be addressed using multiagent techniques, and the challenges therein.
The Effect of Negative Equity on Mortgage Default: Evidence From HAMP's Principal Reduction Alternative

The Home Affordable Modification Programâ€™s (HAMPâ€™s) Principal Reduction Alternative (PRA) is a government-sponsored program to reduce the principal balances and monthly mortgage payments of troubled borrowers. We examine the effect of principal forgiveness on borrowersâ€™ subsequent mortgage default. The programâ€™s rules imply a kink in the relationship between principal forgiveness and a borrowerâ€™s initial equity level. Our identification strategy exploits the quasi-experimental variation in principal forgiveness generated by this kink using a regression kink design (RKD), which compares the relationship between initial equity and default on either side of the kink. We estimate that HAMP PRA reduced the quarterly default hazard from $3.8\%$ to $3.1\%$.Received February 4, 2015; accepted August 2, 2015 by Editor Philip Strahan.
Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) or isopeptidases belong to the enzyme class of hydrolases which include more than 100 members identified thus far. These proteins, which are grouped into four cysteine protease families and one metallo-protease family, catalyze the removal of ubiquitin from specific protein targets by cleavage of the linking isopeptide bond. DUB activity has been found to affect critical events in the cell proteome, including protein degradation through the proteasome machinery as well as endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of membrane receptors, with implications in cell signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage tolerance, inflammatory response, and ribosomal protein synthesis. Strong evidence for an involvement of DUBs in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, including cancer, makes members of this class appealing potential targets for new anti-tumoral therapies, and has been nourishing a series of studies and chemical screens devoted to the discovery of compounds to interfere with DUB activity. However, much still remains unknown about the biology of isopeptidases, and extensive efforts of integrating crystallographic, mechanistic and functional data are needed to design new therapeutic strategies targeting the ubiquitin system.
When Enough Is Now Too Much

This case discusses the pharmacokinetic interaction between midazolam and itraconazole, resulting in increased sedation. Midazolam is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and itraconazole is a 3A4 inhibitor.
An Institutionwide Approach to Redesigning Management of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Article-at-a-Glance Background Despite widespread training in basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) among hospital personnel, the likelihood of survival from in-hospital cardiac arrests remains low. In 2006 a university-affiliated tertiary medical center initiated a cardiopulmonary (CPR) resuscitation redesign project. Redesigning the Hospital’s Resuscitation System The CPR Committee developed the interventions on the basis of a large-scale view of the process of delivering BLS and ACLS, identification of key decision nodes and actions, and compartmentalization of specific functions. It was proposed that arrest management follow a steady progression in a two-layer scheme from BLS to ACLS. Handouts describing team structure and specific roles were given to all code team providers and house staff at the start of their month-long rotations. To further increase role clarity and team organization, daily morning and evening meetings of the arrest team were instituted. Site-specific BLS training, on-site ACLS refresher training, and defibrillator training were initiated. Project elements also included use of unannounced mock codes to provide system oversight; preparation and distribution of cognitive aids (printed algorithms, dosing guides, and other checklists to ensure compliance with ACLS protocols), identification of patients who may be unstable or a source of concern, event review and analysis of arrests and other critical events, and a CPR website. Conclusion A mature hospital-based resuscitation system should include definition of arrest trends and resuscitation needs, development of local methods for approaching the arresting patient, an emphasis on prevention, establishment of training programs tailored to meet specific hospital needs, system examination and oversight, and administrative processes that maximize interaction between all components.
Variability study of plethysmographic measurements and single loop decomposition analysis of pulmonary signals

Detailed assessment of pulmonary mechanics parameters provides a valuable diagnostic tool. For this study a full body plethysmograph was used to collect specific airway resistance (sRaw), intrathoracic gas volume (TGV), and the total lung capacity (TLCpleth). To that end a combined pulmonary function test (PFT) maneuver was performed to collect sRaw, TGV, and slow vital capacity (SVC) and other long volume measures of a sample of male test subjects of varying ages. Most of the research on the subject of the measure of plethysmographic parameters concludes that it is an effort independent test; however, the results of this study found higher pulmonary efforts during plethysmograph collection can possibly induce error in the results. Varying pulmonary efforts are maybe a consequence of unfamiliarity of the test subject with the required maneuvers such as increased breathing frequency and the sudden occluded flow during the measure. Clinical technicians performing pulmonary function tests such as this should be knowledgeable of the optimum effort needed for accurate measure for the PFT system. Additionally two different applications were used for pulmonary data collection, Breeze PFT software and its companion Wave Form Analyzer Tester (WFATester) maintenance application. Single loop decomposition techniques were used in developed scripts to show use of these two methods providing the clinical engineer a validity of the primary method used by the PFT clinician for the plethysmographic measure.
Detection of Shunt Occlusions within Clinical Range

We have detected shunt occlusions in the range of 0 mm2 to 0.503 mm2. We have developed a method to monitor cerebrospinal fluid in clinically relevant ranges, including flow rates as low as 1 mL/hr and pressures in the range of 0.5 mmHg to 13.9 mmHg. This is done by utilizing capacitive biosensors that are equipped with flexible membranes spaced less than 1 µm apart. The capacitors are part of a resonant LC circuit and can be read transdermally in the MHz range with kHz precision via a custom external reader. This allows the device to function without need of a battery. Noninvasive monitoring of the fluid would provide physicians a useful way of diagnosing shunt malfunctions while preventing further brain injury from complications in patients affected by hydrocephalus as well as minimize unnecessary shunt revisions.
Requisite Role of Basolateral Amygdala Glucocorticoid Receptor Stimulation in Drug Context-Induced Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Background: Exposure to cocaine-associated stimuli triggers a robust rise in circulating glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoid receptors are richly expressed in the basolateral amygdala, a brain region that controls the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior upon exposure to a previously cocaine-paired environmental context. In the present study, we investigated whether glucocorticoid receptor stimulation in the basolateral amygdala is integral to drug context-induced motivation to seek cocaine in a rat model of drug relapse. Methods: Rats were trained to lever press for cocaine reinforcement in a distinct environmental context and were then given daily extinction training sessions in a different context. At test, the rats received bilateral glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (mifepristone; 3 or 10ng/hemisphere) or vehicle microinfusions into either the basolateral amygdala or the overlying posterior caudate-putamen (anatomical control region). Immediately thereafter, drug-seeking behavior (i.e., nonreinforced lever presses) was assessed in the previously cocaine-paired context and locomotor activity was assessed in a novel context. Results: Intra-basolateral amygdala, but not intra-posterior caudate-putamen, mifepristone dose-dependently attenuated drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior relative to vehicle, such that responding was similar to that observed in the extinction context. In contrast, mifepristone treatment did not alter locomotor activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that basolateral amygdala glucocorticoid receptor stimulation is necessary for drug context-induced motivation to seek cocaine.