cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the pharmacokinetics of the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin sodium during pregnancy.

Abstract Objective: We sought to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered enoxaparin sodium during and after pregnancy. Study Design: Daily subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin sodium (40 mg) were administered to 13 pregnant women. On 3 separate occasions, once early in pregnancy (12-15 weeks), once late in pregnancy (30-33 weeks), and once in the nonpregnant state (6-8 weeks post partum), serial blood samples were collected, and plasma was analyzed for antifactor Xa activity. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. P Results: The time to maximum concentration and the mean residence time in pregnancy compared with the postpartum state were not significantly different. During early and late pregnancy, maximum concentration and the last measurable anti–factor Xa activity level were lower than in the nonpregnant state ( P P Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin sodium are significantly different during pregnancy than in the same women when nonpregnant. The observed difference is likely because of increased renal clearance of enoxaparin during pregnancy. This finding has significant implications for appropriate dosing of enoxaparin in pregnancy. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1113-7.)
Pyridine trapping of chlorocyanocarbene

Laser flash photolysis (308 nm) of precursor 3 releases chlorocyanocarbene which can be trapped with pyridine.
Electrical Resistance of Thoria

Measurements of the electrical conductivity of thoria were taken in vacuum at temperatures up to 2073\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Activation by passage of current resulted in values of resistance as low as 1 ohm-cm at 1900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 10 ohm-cm at 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Activation energies between 3.2 volts and 0.58 volt were found. The density of impurity centers was computed as ${10}^{18}$ per cc and was found to be independent of the degree of activation by current, a result which is inconsistent with the hypothesis of the electrolytic origin of impurity centers.
Synthesis of the penta‐glutamyl derivative of N‐[4‐[N‐[3‐(2,4‐diamino‐1,6‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐5‐pyrimidinyl)‐propyl]amino]benzoyl]‐L‐glutamic acid (5‐DACTHF). An acyclic analogue of tetrahydrofolic acid

The penta-glutamyl derivative of N-[4-[N-[3-(2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)propyl]amino]-benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid (1, 5-DACTHF, 543U76) was synthesized by a convergent route. L-γ-Glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid heptakis t-butyl ester (20) was prepared in ten steps from L-glutamic acid di-t-butyl ester and N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-glutamic acid α-t-butyl ester. 4-[N-[3-(2,4-Diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)propyl]trifluoroacetamido]benzoic acid (6), which was synthesized from pyrimidinylpropionaldehyde 3 in three steps, was condensed with 20, followed by deprotection to provide N-[4-[N-[3-(2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl)propyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-γ-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid (2). Hexaglutamate 2 is a potent inhibitor of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase.
Sensitivity information in multiobjective optimization

The analysis of sensitivity of efficient solutions to changes in the preference structure of the designer is presented as a way to improve the efficiency of interactive multiobjective optimization problems. Sensitivity analysis is used to predict new efficient solutions and to generate information that can guide the designer in the search for more satisfactory designs in the efficient set. This information is generated without additional function or gradient evaluations, making the method particularly suited to problems involving a lengthy analysis. The procedure can be implemented effectively when the optimization is performed by sequential quadratic programming algorithms. Examples of this implementation are provided for illustration.
Read Long and Prosper: Five Do's and Don’ts for Preparing Students for College

Abstract Too often, students reach college without the learning, critical thinking, and literacy skills they need to succeed in higher education. Recent educational trends that promote teaching to the test, short reading and writing assignments, group work, and technological resources contribute to students' difficulties transitioning to college-level work. Instead, students need practice in sustaining attention to longer readings and writing exercises, researching through more traditional library methods, learning from a variety of teaching styles, and working individually to show subject mastery and creativity. These five Do's and Don'ts of preparing students for college represent a college professor's wish-list of secondary classroom experiences to help students make a smooth transition to higher education.
Overexpression of zeste white 3 blocks wingless signaling in the Drosophila embryonic midgut.

The extracellular signals encoded by the Wnt family of genes regulate growth and differentiation in several developmental processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Genetic studies of the signaling pathway of theDrosophilaWnt homologue, Wingless, have identified a number of genes, includingzeste white 3, which function to transduce the Wingless signal.zeste white 3encodes a serine/threonine kinase. We have previously proposed that the Wingless signal is mediated by repression of this kinase activity [E. Siegfried, E. L. Wilder, and N. Perrimon (1994)Nature367, 76–80]. Here we have tested this hypothesis by overexpressingzeste white 3in a tissue-specific fashion using the UAS/GAL4 binary expression system. We demonstrate that elevated levels ofzeste white 3in the ectoderm and mesoderm result in phenotypes that resemble a loss ofwingless. Overexpression ofzeste white 3in the mesoderm disrupts several Wingless-dependent processes including the specification of a unique cell type in the larval midgut, the formation of the second midgut constriction, and the expression of Wingless target genesUltrabithoraxanddecapentaplegicin the mesoderm andlabialin the endoderm. Zeste white 3 regulates the stability of Armadillo which is essential for transducing the Wingless signal to the nucleus. We show thatzeste white 3overexpression blocks Wingless signaling through the modulation of Armadillo since expression of a constitutively active form of Armadillo, which is independent of Zeste white 3 regulation, is epistatic to overexpression ofzeste white 3.
Controlled and modulated release of basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic fibroblast growth factor has multivariate effects in stimulating cell growth and the processes that surround tissue repair. Pathophysiologic studies have been hampered by the stability of the compound. Though very potent, basic fibroblast growth factor is rapidly degraded when injected or ingested. Controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor would allow for examination of the chronic effects of this compound. Conventional matrix polymer-based release devices were fabricated and basic fibroblast growth factor released in a sustained fashion, but 99% of basic fibroblast growth factor mitogenic activity was lost. The source of these losses was identified and preventative measures examined. Preservation and stabilization of basic fibroblast growth factor was accomplished by binding the factor to heparin-Sepharose beads. This permitted prolonged storage, repeated handling, and the encapsulation of basic fibroblast growth factor within a microspherical controlled-release device using a naturally occurring polymer material, alginate. Encapsulation was accomplished with 77% efficiency and 87.5 +/- 12% of the basic fibroblast growth factor was released in a biologically active form. Release activation and regulation was achieved when cleavage of the basic fibroblast growth factor-heparin bonds was enhanced (e.g. by enzymatic bond cleavage with heparinase). Kinetic profiles were identified for a variety of experimental conditions and the effects of the controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor on BALBc/3T3 fibroblasts examined.
Perception of space and geometry through visual attention and statistical learning

In Vision Geometry '99 we introduced the Gestalt approach to perceptual approximation of surfaces in natural scenes; that is, as a geometric theory retaining certain mathematical properties of surfaces while adhering to the human perceptual organization of vision. The theory of curves follows the same philosophy, relying on optical properties of physical objects whose features in the scale and resolution -- imposed by the observer -- afford 'a one-dimensional Gestalt.' The Gestalt theory of curves and surfaces is part of the Perceptual Geometry of the natural world that hypothetically evolves within intelligent systems capable of retaining partial information from stimuli in 'memory' and visual 'learning' through 'brain plasticity.' Perceptual geometry aims at explaining geometry from the perspective of visual perception, and in turn, how to apply such geometric findings to the ecological study of vision. Perceptual geometry attempts to answer fundamental questions in perception of form and representation of space through synthesis of cognitive and biological theories of visual perception with geometric theories of the physical world. Algorithms in this theory are typically presented based on a combination of a mathematical formulation of eye-movements and multi-scale multi-resolution filtering. In this paper, methods from statistical pattern recognition are applied to explain the learning-theoretic and perceptual analogs of geometric theory of space and its objects optically defined by curves and surfaces. The human visual system recovers depth from the visual stimuli registered on the two-dimensional surface of the retina by means of a variety of mechanisms, from bottom-up (such as stereopsis and motion parallax) to top-down influences. Perception and representation of space and objects within the visual environment rely on combination of a multitude of such mechanisms. The problem of modeling cortical representation of visual information is, therefore, very complex and challenging.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry of a Luna 16 basaltic fragment, sample B-1

Petrological, mineralogical, and chemical investigations of the B-1 Luna 16 sample have revealed that the sample is a fine-grained ophitic basalt which is distinguished from the Apollo samples by containing a single pyroxene, an ilmenite content intermediate to that of the Apollo samples, and subequal amounts of pyroxene and plagioclase. It is also distinguished by a high Sr content and a high K/U value.
Review of helium cooling for fusion reactor applications

Abstract Helium cooling has been successfully used for fission reactors in the U.S. and Germany in the past. Helium is an attractive coolant for fusion reactors because it is chemically and neutronically inert and can be used directly for gas turbine cycle power conversion. In addition, as was shown during ITER and other fusion power plant evaluations, it is superior from safety considerations. On the other hand, some researchers are under the impression that use of helium cooling requires high pressure, large pumping power and larger manifold sizes due its low density at atmospheric pressure. In this paper it is shown that these concerns can be eliminated through the use of heat transfer enhancement techniques to reduce the flow, pumping power and pressure requirements. A number of proven heat transfer enhancement techniques such as extended surfaces, swirl tape, roughening, porous media heat exchanger and particulate addition are reviewed. Recent experiments with some of these methods have shown that expected heat fluxes of 10 MW/m 2 in fusion reactors can be removed by helium cooling at a modest pressure of 4 MPa. In this paper designs of divertor heat sinks made from copper, vanadium and tungsten with a peak heat flux of 5–10 MW/m 2 , cooled by helium at a pressure of 4 MPa, are presented.
Effect of Al/Ti ratio on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviours of TiAlN coatings deposited by multi-arc ion plating method

This article presents a systematic study of the effect of Al/Ti ratio of the TiAlN coatings deposited on high-speed steel W18Cr4V substrates on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviours. Three different Al/Ti-ratio TiAlN coatings, with the targets of Ti60Al40, Ti50Al50, and Ti25Al75, were prepared using the multi-arc ion plating deposition method. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that all three coatings exhibited a face-centred cubic crystal structure. AES analyses showed that the chemical compositions of the coatings were different from those of the targets, and the Al/Ti ratios were changed during the deposition. Mechanical and wear tests showed that the Al/Ti ratio had a profound effect on the strength and tribological properties of the coatings. Using nano-indentation techniques, the measured nano-hardnesses and Young’s moduli increased with increasing the Al/Ti ratio. Scratch tests showed that lower Al/Ti ratio improved the adhesion strengths of the coatings. Wear tests proved that the...
Morphine administration selectively facilitates social play in common marmosets

Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) form extended families, and several cohorts of young may reside together. Play is shown extensively among the offspring. We hypothesized that opiate activity modulates social play, and predicted that administration of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) would facilitate social play, whereas pretreatment with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) would block morphine's effects. Morphine administration was associated with significantly increased social play, and the effect of morphine was attributable to the focal subject, since play initiated by others was unaffected by treatment. Non-social categories of play, such as object manipulation and locomotor play, and affiliative behaviors, such as time spent huddled, were unaffected by treatment. Twittering and play face, behaviors used by young during play, also increased after morphine administration. Pretreatment with naloxone blocked morphine's effects. Total activity was significantly increased by morphine administration. We conclude that social play is specifically facilitated by opiate activation, whereas other categories of play behavior and social behavior were unaffected by morphine. Thus, social play represents a distinct category of social behavior in juvenile common marmosets with regulatory processes that are unique from other types of social behavior. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 37–49, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10043
Determinants of Public Satisfaction with the Police

This article examines the determinants of citizen satisfaction with police. Using data from a recent nationwide survey of Whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, the authors test several hypothes...
A Conflict of Interest: Why Peer Review Committees Need Heightened Scrutiny Under Federal Antitrust Law

In Hilton v. Children's Hospital San Diego, 1 a pediatric radiologist was denied staff privileges at a children's hospital under the auspices of medical peer review. The aggrieved radiologist filed...
COMPARISON OF BIODEGRADABLE, PLASTIC AND WOODEN IMIDACLOPRID-TREATED SPHERES FOR CONTROL OF RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FLIES

Abstract In experiments comparing biodegradable, plastic and wooden imidacloprid-treated spheres for control of Rhagoletis mendax Curran, the mean number of flies caught on plexiglas panes below each sphere type was not significantly different for the entire season. However, the mean time spent by R. mendax flies alighting on biodegradable imidacloprid-treated spheres was significantly greater (2.6×) than plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres. During 2001, significantly fewer larvae were found in blueberries harvested from bushes that had wooden imidacloprid-treated spheres hung within the canopy compared with bushes where biodegradable and plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres were deployed. There was no significant difference between the number of larvae found in berries picked from bushes where biodegradable or plastic spheres were deployed. All imidacloprid-treated sphere treatments were found to significantly reduce blueberry maggot larval infestation in fruit compared with the control.
Small left atrium and change in contour of the ventricular septum in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: A morphometric analysis of 22 infant hearts

Morphometric measurements of 22 hearts with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) were compared with measurements of 8 matched control specimens without heart disease. Each of the TAPVC specimens had a shorter left atrium, smaller left atrial surface area and larger diameter of the fossa ovalis. In addition to increased length of the right ventricle and larger circumferences for tricuspid and pulmonary valve anuli, the left ventricular contour of the ventricular septum was flat or convex in 18 of the 22 hearts; the septum was significantly longer than normal in these specimens and wider at its midportion. Because mitral and aortic valve anuli were normal in circumference, the data suggest that left ventricular volume is not decreased despite change in ventricular shape.
Chemoenzymatic syntheses and anti-HIV-1 activity of glucose-nucleoside conjugates as prodrugs.

Phosphodiester linked conjugates of various nucleosides such as d4U, d4T, IdUrd, ddI, ddA, virazole, ara-A, and ara-C containing a glucosyl moiety have been described. These compounds were designed...
Mechanism of emulsion polymerization

Both conventional and inverse emulsion polymerization comprise the emulsification of an immiscible monomer in a continuous medium followed by polymerization with a free radical initiator to give a colloidal sol of polymer particles. Both processes give “emulsion polymerization kinetics,” i.e., a proportionality of both the polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight to the number of particles instead of the inverse relationship between rate and molecular weight observed for mass, solution, and suspension polymerization. The emulsion polymerization process can be divided into particle nucleation and particle growth stages and can be carried out using batch, semicontinuous, or continuous processes. Seeded emulsion polymerization can be used to avoid the particle nucleation stage in all three processes. The many mechanisms proposed for the initiation of emulsion polymerization can be divided into four categories according to the locus of particle initiation: (i) monomer-swollen micelles; (ii) adsorbed emulsifier layer; (iii) aqueous phase; (iv) monomer droplets. These general principles are applied to: (i) the preparation of monodisperse latexes by seeded emulsion polymerization; (ii) the locus of particle initiation for various monomers and initiators; (iii) emulsion copolymerization; (iv) core-shell emulsion copolymerization; (v) polymerization in fine monomer droplets; (vi) inverse emulsion polymerization.
Progressive Route Calculation Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

Although network-wide flooding in reactive routing protocols like AODV facilitates the discovery of optimal routes, they engender large control overhead. Some efficient flooding methods cut down the overhead by minimizing the set of nodes participating in packet relays. When used for route discovery, however, these approaches may suppress the detection of optimal routes. A region-based routing (REGR) protocol was proposed in to effectively reduce route discovery overhead without sacrificing route optimality. REGR defines a pre-routing region and tries to find a high-quality route by broadcasting a route request message only within the region. Although the region-limited broadcasting reduces overhead, it is actually not efficient, and may experience frequent packet collision especially in dense networks. In this paper, we propose a progressive route calculation (PROQ) protocol to locate the optimal route around a preliminary route obtained from sketchy network scanning. We propose to use progressive Dijkstra's algorithm to make nodes on the preliminary route jointly derive a minimum cost spanning tree (MCST) between a source-destination pair. The topology information needed to derive the MCST is delivered along the preliminary route by using unicast packets, which makes the new protocol more efficient and reliable than broadcast approaches. We simulate PROC and compare it with various protocols. The simulation results verify the efficiency of our method.
Online Decision Support Index System Suite for Limiting Short Circuit Current

Topology adjustment is a main measure to limit short circuit current, but changes of power grid structure might bring deep impact on power system operation. Measures to limit short circuit current are difficult to apply online due to unable to completely evaluate its safety and feasibility. This paper presents an on-line decision support indicator system, which applied to evaluate online short circuit current level of power grid. Based on practical power grid model and typical cross-section, short circuit current level under the current and future maintenance mode is analyzed, decision support to limit short circuit current is given, and the effectiveness and feasibility of limiting measures are evaluated. Analysis results show that the index system is reasonable.
Pretreatment With TCDD Exacerbates Liver Injury From Concanavalin A: Critical Role for NK Cells

For many liver diseases, including viral and autoimmune hepatitis, immune cells play an important role in the development and progression of liver injury. Concanavalin A (Con A) administration to rodents has been used as a model of immune-mediated liver injury resembling human autoimmune hepatitis. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been demonstrated to alter the development of immune-mediated diseases. Mice pretreated with TCDD developed exacerbated liver injury in response to administration of a mild dose (6mg/kg) of Con A. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TCDD pretreatment exacerbates Con A-induced liver injury by enhancing the activation and recruitment of accessory cell types including neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. Mice were treated with 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 μg/kg TCDD and 4 days later with Con A or saline. TCDD pretreatment with doses of 3 and 30 μg/kg significantly increased liver injury from Con A administration. The plasma concentrations of neutrophil chemokines were significantly increased in TCDD-pretreated mice after Con A administration. NKT cell-deficient (CD1d KO) mice were used to examine whether NKT cells were required for TCDD/Con A-induced liver injury. CD1d KO mice were completely protected from liver injury induced by treatment with Con A alone, whereas the injury from TCDD/Con A treatment was reduced but not eliminated. However, T-cell deficient (RAG1 KO) mice were protected from liver injury induced by Con A irrespective of pretreatment with TCDD. TCDD/Con A treatment increased the percentage of NK cells expressing the activation marker CD69. Depletion of NK cells prior to treatment resulted in significant reductions in plasma interferon-γ and liver injury from TCDD/Con A treatment. In summary, exposure to TCDD exacerbated the immune-mediated liver injury induced by Con A, and our findings suggest that NK cells play a critical role in this response.
Designing an Orientation for Staff Moving to a Single Family Room Newborn Intensive Care Unit

Abstract For the past decade, a significant practice change has occurred in the provision of neonatal care. Newborn intensive care units (NICUs) are with increasing regularity moving toward incorporating the single family room (SFR) concept into neonatal unit design. The amount of change that a staff may experience when moving from a “baby barn” to a SFR NICU can be overwhelming. The intent of this article is to discuss the concept of planned change as it pertains to transitioning to the SFR model of care, to illuminate why staff may resist change, and to strategize methods deemed useful to leaders assisting staff not just “surviving change” but “thriving with change.” This article will conclude with strategies from the perspective of an educator that may prove beneficial when designing an orientation for staff as they transition to a SFR NICU.
Overview of Subcellular Fractionation Procedures for the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This unit provides an overview of centrifugation-based fractionation procedures adapted for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The goals, merits, limitations, and critical parameters of are discussed in order to facilitate the development of subcellular fractionation strategies. Topics include yeast cell lysate preparation, differential velocity centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and the analysis of subcellular fractions.
Review of Pathogenic Microbiology

The Gram stain aids in the identification of bacteria according to their size, shape and grouping by rendering them more visible. It also helps identify them by dividing the eubacteria into Gram positive or negative organisms. The cell wall composition of Gram negative bacteria differs from that of Gram positive. Since Gram negative bacteria have a high lipid content of their cell walls, one theory holds that the decolorizer (acetone or ethanol) solubilizes the cell wall thus reaching the crystal violet. In the cell wall of Gram positive organisms, the decolorizer is unable to act as a solvent thus the crystal violet remains.
Interaction of Child Maltreatment and 5-HTT Polymorphisms: Suicidal Ideation among Children from low-SES Backgrounds

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genotypic variation of the serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) moderates the effect of maltreatment on suicidal ideation in school-aged children. METHODS: Eight hundred and fifty low-income children (478 maltreated; 372 non-maltreated) provided DNA samples and self-reported depressive and suicidal symptoms. Genotypes of 5-HTTLPR (s/s or s/l vs. l/l) were determined by fragment analyses. RESULTS: Higher suicidal ideation was found among maltreated than non-maltreated children; the groups did not differ in 5-HTTLPR genotype frequencies. Children with one to two maltreatment subtypes and s/s or s/l genotypes had higher suicidal ideation than those with the l/l genotype; suicidal ideation did not differ in non-maltreated children or children with three to four maltreatment subtypes based on 5-HTTLPR variation. The results were applicable to emotionally maltreated/neglected and to physically/sexually abused children. Gene-environment interaction was not found for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: The protective effect of the 5-HTTLPR l/l genotype on suicidal ideation was limited to maltreated children experiencing fewer subtypes. Language: en
Quantification of uncertainty in a multistage/multiparameter modeling workflow: Pore pressure from geophysical well logs

ABSTRACT Calculating subsurface pressures and predicting overpressured zones, in particular for safe drilling operations, is an integrated approach based on data and assumptions from various sources. Uncertainties arise from the input data and assumptions, but also from the pore-pressure modeling workflow including shale discrimination and the definition of a normal compaction trend line. These stages are usually performed manually by an expert and are prone to subjective, human interpretation. The quantification of pore-pressure uncertainty associated with the manual modeling stages is, therefore, challenging. Algorithms were developed to account for and quantify the resulting uncertainty and enable automated user support of at least parts of the workflow, thus introducing more objectivity into the modeling steps. The first algorithm performs a statistical analysis on gamma ray logs to discriminate between shale and nonshale formations. The second algorithm calculates a series of normal compaction trend ...
FORMATION OF DOLOMITE IN RECENT ISLAND-ARC SEDIMENTS DUE TO GAS-SEAWATER- SEDIMENT INTERACTION

Dolomite occurs as a primary precipitate that cements Re- cent volcaniclastic sands in the shallow-marine environment of Luise Harbor, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. Field observations and geo- chemical data suggest that dolomite precipitates through complex min- eral reactions in response to discharge of gas ( . 90% CO2) and heated seawater from hydrothermal vents in the seafloor. Gas discharge caus- es the formation of shallow circulation cells, and cold seawater is drawn into the sediment, where it is heated to approximately 100 8C. Reaction between hydrothermal CO 2 (g), primary sediment grains, and heated seawater causes the precipitation of primary dolomite. Once temperatures are above 70 8C the Mg/Ca ratio in seawater increases because CaSO 4 precipitates, while at the same time the dissolution of iron oxide minerals increases the pH; both reactions favor dolomite precipitation. Ferrous iron reacts with H 2S to form co-precipitated Fe- sulfide minerals. The dolomite is nearly stoichiometric and occurs as zoned inclusion-rich and inclusion-poor spherulitic cements, many of which are present as coalesced composite spherules. Oxygen isotope values for dolomite of 28.8 to 210.2‰ VPDB constrain the temper- ature of precipitation to be between about 77 to 1108C. Strontium iso- tope ratios for dolomite (average 0.70886) are close to those of modern seawater; their slightly less radiogenic compositions implicate minor addition of magmatic strontium. Hydrothermal dolomite may develop in shallow, near-surface sediments in active tectonic settings.
Striving to achieve safe, permanent treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Abstract Small clinical studies have found that patients with idealized response to imatinib can sustain long-lasting responses after treatment discontinuation, suggesting that these patients may be effectively “cured” of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Treatment discontinuation is not presently considered routine practice and is not recommended outside the context of clinical research. Many questions remain regarding “cure” in CML: how “cure” is defined, what factors predict successful treatment discontinuation, and what management strategies are the most appropriate post-discontinuation, especially when molecular relapse occurs. This review addresses these issues and discusses the current knowledge regarding treatment discontinuation and a potential for “cure” of CML.
Rsp5, a ubiquitin-protein ligase, is involved in degradation of the single-stranded-DNA binding protein rfa1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD1 and RAD52 are required for alternate pathways of mitotic recombination. Double-mutant strains exhibit a synergistic interaction that decreases direct repeat recombination rates dramatically. A mutation in RFA1, the largest subunit of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex (RP-A), suppresses the recombination deficiency of rad1 rad52 strains (J. Smith and R. Rothstein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1632–1641, 1995). Previously, we hypothesized that this mutation, rfa1-D228Y, causes an increase in recombinogenic lesions as well as the activation of a RAD52-independent recombination pathway. To identify gene(s) acting in this pathway, temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations were screened for those that decrease recombination levels in a rad1 rad52 rfa1-D228Y strain. Three mutants were isolated. Each segregates as a single recessive gene. Two are allelic to RSP5, which encodes an essential ubiquitin-protein ligase. One allele, rsp5-25, contains two mutations within its open reading frame. The first mutation does not alter the amino acid sequence of Rsp5, but it decreases the amount of full-length protein in vivo. The second mutation results in the substitution of a tryptophan with a leucine residue in the ubiquitination domain. In rsp5-25 mutants, the UV sensitivity of rfa1-D228Y is suppressed to the same level as in strains overexpressing Rfa1-D228Y. Measurement of the relative rate of protein turnover demonstrated that the half-life of Rfa1-D228Y in rsp5-25 mutants was extended to 65 min compared to a 35-min half-life in wild-type strains. We propose that Rsp5 is involved in the degradation of Rfa1 linking ubiquitination with the replication-recombination machinery.
Single-step high-yield radiosynthesis and evaluation of a sensitive 18F-labeled ligand for imaging brain peripheral benzodiazepine receptors with PET.

Elevated levels of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) are associated with activated microglia in their response to inflammation. Hence, PBR imaging in vivo is valuable for investigating brain inflammatory conditions. Sensitive, easily prepared, and readily available radioligands for imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) are desirable for this purpose. We describe a new 18F-labeled PBR radioligand, namely [18F]N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline ([18F]9). [18F]9 was produced easily through a single and highly efficient step, the reaction of [18F]fluoride ion with the corresponding bromo precursor, 8. Ligand 9 exhibited high affinity for PBR in vitro. PET showed that [18F]9 was avidly taken into monkey brain and gave a high ratio of PBR-specific to nonspecific binding. [18F]9 was devoid of defluorination in rat and monkey and gave predominantly polar radiometabolite(s). In rat, a low level radiometabolite of intermediate lipophilicity was identified as [18F]2-fluoro-N-(2...
The impact of lubricants on latex condoms during vaginal intercourse.

The objective was to evaluate the impact of additional lubricant on condom breakage and slippage. Two hundred and sixty-eight couples used 6 new and 6 aged condoms during vaginal intercourse and were instructed to use 2 of each type with either water-based lubricant, oil-based lubricant or no additional lubricant.The use of either oil-based or water-based lubricant increased slippage rates of new and aged condoms, although only one pairwise comparison (oil-based lubricant vs. no additional lubricant) was statistically significant (8.5% vs. 3.8%, P=0.004). The use of oil-based lubricant increased breakage, although not statistically significantly, in both new and aged condoms. Water-based lubricant did not impact the breakage rate of the new condoms and decreased the breakage rate of the aged condoms (no additional lubricant 4.5% vs. water-based lubricant 2.1%, P=0.029).From a functional perspective, this study suggests that condom users should be told not to use oil-based lubricants. The negative impact o...
Recovery of Spermatozoa from Human Vaginal Washings

Number motility viability and metabolic activity of sperm were studied in vaginal washings obtained daily from 22 fertile married women during 1 menstrual cycle. Sperm were recovered in 73% of the samples examined within 12 hours postcoitus. Motile sperm were observed in only 6 samples collected within 12 hours postcoitus. All sperm collected 24 hours postcoitus were nonmotile. Numbers of sperm ranged from 0 or very few to nearly 1/2 million/cubic cm. Most samples were in the range of 0-30000 3-36 hours postcoitus. Formazan-positive stain reactions observed in 5% of the samples were weak indicating no metabolic activity. Nonmotile sperm showed some viability through green fluorescence in the acridine orange fluorochrome reaction. When data were adjusted for the use of contraceptive techniques other than rhythm (coitus interruptus condom) sperm were recovered in almost every instance of reported coitus. It is concluded that the small number of sperm remaining in the vagina following coitus quickly become inactivated.
A Review of “Capture the Flag: A Political History of American Patriotism”

Woden Teachout's Capture the Flag: A Political History of American Patriotism explores American patriotism through the history of the contested nature of the American flag. The book “is the story o...
Project Zeus

The concept behind Zeus, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network implemented on the campus of Washington University, is discussed. The first phase of the project, which demonstrated the feasibility of the core technology, provided a basis for a more complete design, and served as a testbed for application development, is reviewed. The switch architecture, network control software, application interfaces, and internetworking developed in the first phase are described. >
Microfluidic devices for rapid and sensitive identification of organisms

Abstract ² Microfluidic devices for rapid and highly sensitive detection of living organisms were developed for two applications. First, a zebrafish embryo genotyping system was developed and shown to be able to genotype embryos in the first 48 hours of the embryos life without d amaging the embryos in any apparent way. Second, a highly sensitive bacteria detection platform has been developed for the rapid detection of pathogens. The system relies on a magnetic bead extraction followed by secondary bead attachment. The secondary beads are barcoded with DNA sequences highly enriched for Gs. The guanine molecules generate an electorchemical response after they are released from the secondary beads and detected at a sensing location downstream from the beads. The amplification with the efficient washing procedures leads to a limit of detection of 3 CFU in 100 mL of water. I. I NTRODUCTION There is a need to develop highly -integrated and highly parallel microfluidic systems for analysis of nucleic acids and proteins, including biosensor a nd biodetection platforms. Accordingly, we are working to automate and improve microfluidic -based biomolecule sample preparation modules to maximize the sensitivity and increase the throughput of proposed development and screening platforms. In addition, the sensing modules themselves need to be improved and demonstrated at low limits of detection. In past work, we have integrated high -speed DNA analysis devices performing extraction 1,2,3, amplification [4,5], and genotyping [6,7,8] functions. These sys tems have been demonstrated with a variety of targets including: bacteria, foot and mouth disease virus, and tumor cells. We have developed a number of microfluidic components important for integrated systems including pumps [9,10 ,11 ] and sample preparation/separation modules [12 ,13 ]. For many of these systems, we have used rapid prototyping methods 14 ,15 , which allow faster development of the nanotherapeutics and nanobiosensors needed in society . In this work, we demonstrate two new syste ms for rapid identification and molecular analysis of organisms. The first
923Lactococcus garvieae infective endocarditis requiring valve replacement: First case in the United States

There have been sixteen cases of L. garvieae infective endocarditis that have been reported so far. Three of the cases have no information available on them. Of the remaining thirteen, six (46%) were males, four (30%) of them had prosthetic valves, four (30%)of them had significant history of fish consumption, five (38%) had history of gastrointestinal disorders (two colonic polyps and two gastrointestinal ulcers. They were all treated with long-term (4-12 weeks), antibiotics (either beta lactam/vancomycin with or without aminoglycosides), five (38%)of them required valve replacement surgeries 3,5,6 .
The thymus in myasthenia gravis. Evidence for altered cell populations.

Abstract Comparisons of several types of immunologic reactivity were made in thymic cells from six patients with myasthenia gravis and thymic hyperplasia, four patients with myasthenia gravis and thymoma and six age-matched control cardiac-surgery patients. In mixed leukocyte reactions, thymic cells from the subjects with hyperplasia were capable of stimulating autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. Such reactivity was not seen in thymocyte-blood lymphocyte mixtures from the other two groups. There was an increased number of B cells in the thymic-cell populations from the myasthenic patients as compared to that in the control group, carrying predominantly IgM receptors. The thymic cells from myasthenic patients also responded more vigorously to pokeweed mitogen. These findings suggest altered populations of lymphoid cells in the thymus of myasthenic patients that react with autologous lymphocytes from other cell compartments. The pathogenic implications of these findings remain to be determined. (N Engl...
Students With Disabilities: Using Music to Promote Health and Wellness

School and community wellness programs are particularly important as many children and adolescents do not learn or are not exposed to healthy behaviors at home. Music has the potential to enhance a...
A meta analysis of β-lactoglobulin aggregation kinetics comparing temperature, concentration, and chemistry as modulating influences

Abstract Prior published papers has been reanalyzed in this retrospective study of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) coerced into forming amyloids through assays using both light scattering and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. The published datasets were extracted and analyzed by a sigmoidal time-dependent model, which yields two time constants which allow comparison between various concentration levels of protein in solution, denaturing temperature, some other additives and the presence of mechanical agitation, however that was accomplished. Shorter aggregation times are observed with increased protein concentration in solution and increased denaturing temperature. The presence of agitation seems to have a large influence and future efforts should be clear to identify the type of agitation if standards are to be developed. Finally comparing scattering and ThT fluorescence, as indicators, it appears that scattering occurs at an earlier time point relative to ThT fluorescence linked with β sheet formation.
Contours of Conflict: the Highs and Lows of Military Mapping at The National Archives of the United Kingdom

Five centuries of military mapping in arenas around the world are held at The National Archives of the United Kingdom, which is the main official archives of British central government including the military. Earlier maps provide context for the majority of maps, which date from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They all illustrate ways in which the armed services used maps; for intelligence and planning purposes, reconnaissance, campaigns, ‘going’; to report action and as records for posterity.
Results of a randomized, multicenter, comparative trial of a single dose of cefotetan versus multiple doses of cefoxitin as prophylaxis in cesarean section

In a multicenter, open, randomized, comparative trial, 308 women undergoing cesarean section were given a single 1 gm dose of cefotetan or three 2 gm doses of cefoxitin after cord clamping to reduce the incidence of postoperative infectious morbidity. Of the 286 evaluable patients, 195 received cefotetan and 91 received cefoxitin. Most patients were in active labor and one third had ruptured membranes. Microorganisms cultured from the endocervix or intraoperatively from the endometrium or abdominal wall operative sites were comparable for the two groups. In this multicenter study, the difference between the percentage of patients receiving cefotetan who did not develop clinical signs and symptoms of infection (93%) and the percentage of patients receiving cefoxitin (85%) considered clinical successes was statistically significant ( p =0.02, χ 2 ). The bacteriologic response rate for patients taking cefotetan was also significantly higher than that for patients taking cefoxitin (93% versus 85%, p =0.03). Isolates recovered from the endocervix, endometrium, or operative site were comparable for the two groups. Both drugs were well tolerated. In this evaluation, cefotetan administered in a single dose of 1 gm was more effective as a prophylactic agent than multiple 2 gm doses of cefoxitin in the reduction of infectious morbidity in this large series of patients undergoing cesarean section.
HIV-Related Stressors, Coping, and Social Support

This chapter focuses on a detailed discussion of stress, coping, and social-support issues. It reports findings from the HIV/AIDS research literature on stress, coping, and social support. It mentions that particularly during the past five years, stress and coping have been increasingly of interest to researchers in the HIV/AIDS field. Some research has indicated that older adults are less inclined than others to utilize effective coping strategies. A limited number of studies of middle-aged and older people living with HIV (PLWHIV) are reviewed. Findings from the West-central Florida HIV/AIDS survey project on stressors, coping strategies, and social support are discussed, which is stated to be typically consistent with general research literature and the HIV/AIDS research literature on stress, coping, and social support.. The chapter reflects on the issues related to the quality of life with which the PLWHIV struggle, mentioning that the middle and older PLWHIV had experienced significant decreases in annual income, had relatively low incomes, and a high proportion was living in poverty. The chapter concludes with suggested strategies for improving services and outcomes for older adults facing HIV disease.
Romanized Lebanon Christianized

As the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 b.c.-a.d. 14) crossed the threshold into anno Domini, neither he nor anyone else was aware of it. No historian, Greek, Latin or Aramaean, noted the occasion that prompted the event. So dazzled were the eyes of the world focused on the limelight reflected from the resplendent imperial throne in Rome that the rays of the halo surrounding the head of a babe born in a manger in a remote corner of the empire went unnoticed. Yet, the chain of reaction set by that birth was to change the course of spiritual life in history as its contemporaneous birth of the Roman Empire was to change the course of its political life. But the spiritual change was to abide long, long after the empire had crumbled into pieces.
Topimierung: Bestmöglichkeit richtiger Menschen

Die richtigen Menschen sind pflichtbewusst, diszipliniert und sehr vernunftig. Sie lieben die Extreme nicht. Sie predigen den Mittelweg und wissen, dass nicht alles ideal sein kann. Der Mittelweg ist golden, alles ist ein Kompromiss, alles hat zwei Seiten. Immer ist Vorsicht angebracht, jedes Ungestum fuhrt zu weit und hat Nachteile.