cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Urban Landscape Water Conservation Potential Using High Resolution Remote Sensing and GIS

Research goals were to analyze patterns of urban landscape water use, assess landscape water conservation potential, and identify locations with capacity to conserve. Methodological contributions involved acquiring airborne multispectral digital images over two urban cities which were processed, classified, and imported into a GIS environment where landscaped areas were extracted and combined with property and water billing data and local evapotranspiration rates to calculate landscape irrigation applications exceeding estimated water needs. Additional analyses were conducted to compare classified aerial images to ground-measured landscaped areas, landscaped areas to total parcel size, water use on residential and commercial properties, and turf areas under trees when they were leafed out and bare. Results verified the accuracy and value of this approach for municipal water management, showed more commercial properties applied water in excess of estimated needs compared to residential ones, and that small percentages of users accounted for most of the excess irrigation.
Cytokinesis in animal cells.

Cytokinesis is both temporally and spatially coordinated with mitosis. It typically occurs only after the onset of anaphase chromosome separation as the cell leaves the mitotic phase of the cell cycle and enters interphase. Division usually occurs along a plane which bisects the interpolar axis of the mitotic spindle. This process lnsures that chromosomes segregated by the mitotic spindle become contained in different cells. The coordination between mitosis and cytokinesis is important for both chromosome segregation and for the unequal cleavage and differential segregation of cytoplasmic components into daughter cells, particularly in mosaically developing species [1,2].
Health and fertility outcomes among women surgically treated for endometriosis

Abstract Study Objective. To assess health and fertility status among women after surgical treatment of endometriosis. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Community-based gynecologic specialty practice. Patients. Two hundred ninety women with newly diagnosed endometriosis. Measurements and Main Results. Medical records of all women were abstracted at baseline; self-administered questionnaires were used to collect follow-up data. Most women (68–79%) reported some or great improvement in symptomology after surgical treatment. One hundred twenty-four (53%) of 232 women reported one or more pregnancies, two-thirds of which resulted in live births. Secondary sex ratios were below 1 (range 0.92–0.50), reflecting a female excess. Logistic regression analysis identified previous live birth as the only significant predictor of pregnancy after surgery; advancing maternal age significantly decreased the likelihood of a live birth. Conclusions. Overall, these women reported improvement in symptoms at follow-up. Operative and clinical findings were not significant predictors of pregnancy likelihood. Prior live birth conferred more than a twofold increase in pregnancy likelihood, whereas advancing age decreased the likelihood. Reasons for reversed sex ratios are unknown but warrant further study.
Simultaneous degradation of the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid by mixed bacterial cultures

The simultaneous degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (mecoprop) was achieved by two mixed cultures in the absence of any additional carbon or energy substrates. Mecoprop was not completely degraded by either of the two cultures, nor did addition of 2,4-D affect the degradation of mecoprop. The cultures completely degraded 2,4-D, and the degradation was uninfluenced by the addition of mecoprop. Nearly complete dechlorination of the mixture of two herbicides was achieved by both cultures, on the basis of the total amount of the two herbicides degraded. During the course of the reaction, however, the expected values of chloride were not met. Cell growth continued after the degradation of the parent substrates ceased. Although the mecoprop degradation did not continue to completion, spectral and growth data indicated that the metabolites which had accumulated during the reaction were degraded upon further incubation.
Organosulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silicas for the esterification of fatty acid

Abstract Organosulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silicas were synthesized in a one-step approach of co-condensing inorganic–organic reagents in the presence of different surfactant templates with in situ oxidation of the thiol groups to the sulfonic acid groups. The resulting materials were tested for their catalytic performance in the esterification of fatty acid with methanol to produce methyl esters. The performance of the functionalized mesoporous materials demonstrated a strong dependence on the median pore diameter of the catalyst as well as the acidic strength of the organosulfonic acid group. The activity of the organosulfonic acid-functionalized silicas in the esterification was compared to that of standard acidic resins. The results indicate the potential of rational catalysis design using organic–inorganic mesoporous materials.
Hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance images in bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background: To examine the magnetic resonance (MR) images of bipolar patients across a wide age range for the presence of hyperintense lesions compared to age- and gender-matched control subjects. Methods: Consecutive admissions to a mood disorders unit over a 2-year period were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of bipolar disorder by DSM-III-R criteria and whether they received an MR scan. Bipolar patients (n = 70, mean age = 49.9 ± 19.7 years) were age- and gender-matched to control subjects (n = 70, mean age = 53.2 ± 18.1 years) and the MR scans were rated to assess for the presence of hyperintensites. Results: Compared to control subjects, the bipolar patients demonstrated hyperintense lesions in the subependymal region, subcortical gray nuclei, and the deep white matter. Conclusions: Hyperintense lesions in bipolar patients are found in both the subcortical white matter and gray nuclei and may play an important role in the etiology of bipolar illness.
The aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of an over-the-wing target-type thrust reverser model

A static test of a large-scale, over-the-wing (OTW) powered-lift model was performed. The OTW propulsion system had been modified to incorporate a simple target-type thrust reverser as well as the normal rectangular OTW exhaust nozzle. Tests were performed in both the reverse thrust and approach configurations. The thrust reverser noise created by jet turbulence mixing and the OTW approach noise were both low frequency and broadband. When scaled to a 45,400-kg (100,000-lb) aircraft, the thrust reverser and approach configurations produced peak 152-m (500-ft) sideline perceived noise levels of 110 and 105 PNdB, respectively. The aerodynamic performance of the model showed that 50% or greater reverser effectiveness can be achieved without experiencing ingestion of exhaust gas or ground debris into the engine inlets.
Low-energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and thermal desorption studies of chemisorbed CO and O2 on the (111) and stepped [6(111) × (100)] iridium surfaces

Abstract The adsorption of CO, O2, and H2O was studied on both the (111) and [6(111) × (100)] crystal faces of iridium. The techniques used were LEED, AES, and thermal desorption. Marked differences were found in surface structures and heats of adsorption on these crystal faces. Oxygen is adsorbed in a single bonding state on the (111) face. On the stepped iridium surface an additional bonding state with a higher heat of adsorption was detected which can be attributed to oxygen adsorbed at steps. On both (111) and stepped iridium crystal faces the adsorption of oxygen at room temperature produced a (2 × 1) surface structure. Two surface structures were found for CO adsorbed on Ir(111); a (√3 × √3)R30° at an exposure of 1.5–2.5 L and a (2√3 × 2√3)R30° at higher coverage. No indication for ordering of adsorbed CO was found on the Ir(S)-[6(111) × (100)] surface. No significant differences in thermal desorption spectra of CO were found on these two faces. H2O is not adsorbed at 300 K on either iridium crystal face. The reaction of CO with O2 was studied on Ir(111) and the results are discussed. The influence of steps on the adsorption behaviour of CO and O2 on iridium and the correlation with the results found previously on the same platinum crystal faces are discussed.
Motility of the Colon and Anorectum

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Determine how many term infants pass meconium in the first 24 hours after birth. 2. Describe the timeline for passage of meconium for preterm infants. 3. Explain the rectoanal inhibitory reflex and when it is present. 4. Explain the method of diagnosing Hirschsprung disease. 5. Name the investigation that is important in the differential diagnosis of the neonate who has symptoms of distal intestinal obstruction. Timely passage of the first stool is a hallmark of well-being in the newborn; failure to pass meconium may signal immaturity, obstruction, or a motility problem. The presence of normal colonic and anorectal motility is necessary for normal defecation. This article reviews normal bowel movement (BM) frequency in term and preterm infants, normal colonic and anorectal motility function, and common motility problems that can present in the newborn period. ### Term Infants The time to first BM production after birth and normal BM frequency varies with age and differs between term and preterm infants (Table 1). Stools usually occur in 99% in of term infants within the first 48 hours after birth (Fig. 1). Sheryy and Kramer (2) reported that 94% of term newborns passed meconium within 24 hours of birth, with 99.8% doing so in the first 48 postnatal hours. Similar findings have been reported by others, (5) and reports on postterm infants indicate that 100% passed meconium within 24 hours. (13) Therefore, term infants who have not had a BM in the first 48 postnatal hours require further evaluation, even if they are asymptomatic. Symptomatic infants should be evaluated as soon as symptoms appear. Delayed passage of meconium in the term infant commonly is associated with Hirschsprung disease (HD), although a recent prospective study reported that only 81% of children who had HD had delayed meconium production (defined as BM after …
The Relative Differential Leucocyte Count of the Newly Hatched Chick

Abstract RECENTLY our laboratory made some routine differential leucocyte counts on newly hatched chicks—0 to 31 days of age. The very young chicks had a relative lymphopenia, heterophilia, and basophilia compared with the hematological findings of adult chickens. Lucas and Jamroz (1961) also have reported similar leucocytic findings in the circulating blood of newly hatched chicks. Their research covered the first 8 days posthatch with considerable emphasis on the very early ages (1 hour to 42 hours posthatch). They reported an essentially normal proportion of the different types of white cells in the circulating blood of 6-day old chicks. However, their data were limited to only four chicks per age group and were not statistically summarized. Therefore, since we had comparable data and since our findings were not identical to those of Lucas and Jamroz (1961), the information is reported herein. METHODS AND RESULTS Differential leucocyte counts were determined by…
Smelter smoke syndrome in farm animals and manganese deficiency in Northern Oklahoma, USA

Abstract A case history concerning the problems of a ranching community with a zinc smelter is presented. Domestic animals in the region consistently produced young with such acute limb deformities that they were unable to fend for themselves and subsequently died. This phenomenon had persisted in this region for the past four decades. Surface and ground water samples, associated mud and rock samples, alfalfa and soil samples were collected from a ranch near the smelter and analysed for the detectable elements of the periodic table in an effort to locate the cause of the deformed young. Analyses of plant samples both near the smelter and some distance from it indicated marginal levels of manganese which might be the cause of the observed limb deformities. These marginal levels were brought about by excessive liming of local soils in an effort to combat the acidity brought about by the smelter's sulphur dioxide emission from its roasters. In chemically untreated pastures some distance from the smelter, natural herbage contained low quantities of manganese due to the naturally high pH of the soils which caused the element to be unavailable to the plants. It is recommended that supplementary manganese be added to farm animal feeds in this region. High levels (51·6 mg kg−1) of fluorine were encountered in alfalfa fed to animals but the lack of discoloration of teeth noted in both human and ruminant populations lends credence to the idea that fluorine was probably not a problem. In addition, the possibility of a molybdenum (5·5 mg kg−1)-sulphur (0·37%) antagonism reducing copper (8·6 mg kg−1) availability to grazing animals was also considered. This suggestion, however, appeared unlikely in view of the lack of anaemia exhibited by the young animals tested.
The Campus of the Future: A Meeting of the Minds, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 2006: A Summary

Purpose – This article reviews the Campus of the Future meeting held in Honolulu, Hawaii in July 2006.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a review of some of the events of the conference.Findings – This conference was attended by university administrations interested in facilities planning and business affairs with a focus on forecasting developments in the future of higher education over the next ten to 20 yearsOriginality/value – A conference report of interest to information management professionals, especially those involved with facilities planning and business affairs
Hip to the Trip: A Cultural History of Route 66 by Peter B. Dedek

Hip to the Trip: A Cultural History of Route 66 Peter B. Dedek. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007. Despite its rather breezy title, this book likely will appeal more strongly to academicians than to the general reader. Its sober subtitle, "A Cultural History of Route 66," is far more descriptive of its contents. To be sure, there is much here that will have wide appeal. Dedek's writing is competent, if not especially lively, and he provides interesting anecdotes as well as features that many readers may expect from the ever-popular "road book"-even though this work does not actually fall within that category. He presents a brief history and detailed description of the famed route, and includes excellent illustrations. Among these are photos, maps, and relevant picture postcards. Essentially, Dedek treats Route 66 as what he terms a "linear community" that stretched from the country's midsection to the coastal city of Los Angeles, all of which was leavened by the appeal of the exotic Southwest. He identifies a culture of continuity from one end to the other that existed despite regional variations and differences in themes, a culture that was oriented around the existence of the highway. His analysis of that culture is sound. Dedek points out, accurately, that the route's fame in popular culture did not come primarily from its actual reputation among those who drove its length. In actuality, during its heyday it was a dangerous road full of treacherous curves with an irregular and often punishing surface. It also came to be quite congested, frequently offering more frustration than freedom to drivers. It could hardly have been otherwise under the circumstances, when the narrow roadway mixed local and farm traffic-including huge and slow-moving farm machinery-with long-distance automobiles and the ever-present trucks. Dedek quotes "a proprietor of an antique shop on historic Route 66 in Missouri" as saying that "when the Interstates came everybody wanted nothing more than to get rid of Route 66," but that when they succeeded, when "they finally did get rid of it, they've been trying to bring it back" (62). As the author puts it in a chapter title, there came to be "Postmodern Nostalgia" when the country discovered that "Route 66 Has Run Out of Kicks" (ch. 4; p. 73ff). The highway's fame, Dedek says, tended to come first from Steinbeck's presentation of the road in The Grapes of Wrath as a Depressionforced conduit to the golden dream of California and away from the dust bowl. …
Clinical review: Impact of emergency department care on intensive care unit costs

Critical care is both expensive and increasing. Emergency department (ED) management of critically ill patients before intensive care unit (ICU) admission is an under-explored area of potential cost saving in the ICU. Although limited, current data suggest that ED care has a significant impact on ICU costs both positive and negative. ICU practices can also affect the ED, with a lack of ICU beds being the primary reason for ED overcrowding and ambulance diversion in the USA. Earlier application in the ED of intensive therapies such as goal-directed therapy and noninvasive ventilation may reduce ICU costs by decreasing length of stay and need for admission. Future critical care policies and health services research should include both the ED and ICU in their analyses.
Shape optimization of nonlinear magnetostatic problems using the finite element method embedded in optimizer

This paper describes a second-order algorithm using the method of Lagrange multipliers by penalizing the geometric constraints and the finite element field equations. The direction of optimization is determined by a newly developed closed form evaluation of the Hessian matrix. Reluctivity curves of nonlinear iron materials are taken into account and modeled by two types of exponential functions so that at least their second-order derivatives are piece-wise continuous across the boundary of low and high magnetization regions. The algorithm has been tested on pole face optimization of a salient pole synchronous machine operating in saturation.
Secret sharing in fast fading channels using obfuscated incremental-redundancy hybrid ARQ

In our previous work, we have shown that hybrid ARQ (HARQ) can be used to achieve secret communication over a fast fading channel. This is a physical-layer technique that can be used in conjunction with conventional cryptography to provide further protection from an eavesdropper. The key to our previous work was to use reliability-based HARQ to improve the decoder performance at the desired user much faster than at an eaves-dropper. In this paper, we propose a new HARQ approach that provides better secrecy performance by using the most-reliable received bits at the desired user to obfuscate information transmitted in the HARQ process. In addition, we present several other performance improvements, including transmitting incremental redundancy instead of repeating information and using bit-interleaved coded modulation with higher-order modulation. Performance measures such as information rate and fractional equivocation rate are provided to demonstrate that the obfuscated incremental-redundancy HARQ protocol is a promising candidate for secret sharing.
EXACT BOUNDARY CONTROLLABILITY OF A NONLINEAR SHALLOW SPHERICAL SHELL

We consider the problem of boundary exact controllability of a coupled nonlinear system which describes vibrations of a thin, shallow, spherical shell. We show that under the geometric condition of "shallowness", which restricts the curvature with respect to the thickness, the system is exactly controllable in the natural "finite energy" space by means of L2 controls. This controllability is produced via moments and shear forces applied to the edge of the shell.
Multiple sources of boron in urban surface waters and groundwaters.

Abstract Previous studies attribute abnormal boron (B) levels in streams and groundwaters to wastewater and fertilizer inputs. This study shows that municipal drinking water used for lawn irrigation contributes substantial non-point loads of B and other chemicals (S-species, Li, and Cu) to surface waters and shallow groundwaters in the St. Louis, Missouri, area. Background levels and potential B sources were characterized by analysis of lawn and street runoff, streams, rivers, springs, local rainfall, wastewater influent and effluent, and fertilizers. Urban surface waters and groundwaters are highly enriched in B (to 250 μg/L) compared to background levels found in rain and pristine, carbonate-hosted streams and springs ( 4 2 - −S and B/Li ratios confirm major contributions from this source. Moreover, sequential samples of runoff collected during storms show that B concentrations decrease with increased discharge, proving that elevated B levels are not primarily derived from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) during flooding. Instead, non-point source B exhibits complex behavior depending on land use. In urban settings B is rapidly mobilized from lawns during “first flush” events, likely representing surficial salt residues from drinking water used to irrigate lawns, and is also associated with the baseflow fraction, likely derived from the shallow groundwater reservoir that over time accumulates B from drinking water that percolates into the subsurface. The opposite occurs in small rural watersheds, where B is leached from soils by recent rainfall and covaries with the event water fraction.
Proceedings of the 2011 MidSouth Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Society (MCBIOS) Conference

The Eighth Annual Conference of the MidSouth Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Society (MCBIOS’2011) was held in College Station, Texas on April 1-2, 2011. The Conference General Chair was Ulisses Braga-Neto, the MCBIOS President for the 2010-2011 term, from Texas A&M University. There were nearly 200 registrants and 140 abstracts were submitted, divided into 48 oral presentation abstracts and 92 poster session abstracts. In addition, participants attended talks by very distinguished Keynote speakers. Joan W. Bennett, from Rutgers University and Member of the National Academy of Science, presented the talk “Chromosomal Composition and Computational Competence;” Donald Geman, from The Johns Hopkins University and co-inventor of the Gibbs Sampler and Random Forest Classifiers, lectured on “Measuring Network Regulation and Differential Expression by Rank Conservation;” while John Weinstein, Chair of the Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, talked on “Personalizing Cancer Medicine in the Era of Next-Generation Sequencing: Omics and Informatics.” The conference also benefited from invited dinner and lunch speakers, who gave informal, highly informative and entertaining talks. Edward R. Dougherty, from Texas A&M University and Director of Computational Biology at the Translational Genomics Institute, asked the audience “Is Biological Science Delightful?” whereas Ernesto Marques, from the Center for Vaccine Research at the University of Pittsburgh, gave the talk “Activation of the Complement System in Dengue Infection: Opportunities for Computational Modeling.” Participants also had the opportunity to attend hands-on workshops on NCBI tools, presented by Peter Cooper from NCBI/NIH, and on protein evolution, presented by Hugh Nicholas and Troy Wymore, from the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. The winners of conference awards were: Best Oral Presentations (students): First place: Suzanne Matthews, Texas A&M University Second place (3-way tie): Lori Dalton, Texas A&M University Second place: Shelton Griffith, Oak Ridge National Lab Second place: Winston Haynes, Hendrix College Best Oral Presentations (Post-Doctoral fellows): Yan Li, NCTR Fan Zhang, IUPUI Best Poster (Computation): First place: Tianchuan Du, Southern University Second place: Christopher Cathey, Jackson State University Third place: Ralph Crosby, Texas A&M University Best Poster (Biology): First place: Awantika Singh, UALR/UAMS Second place: Mohammed Shahrokh Esfahani, Texas A&M University Third place: Fang-Han Hsu, Texas A&M University MCBIOS Outstanding Service Award: Dr. Jonathan D. Wren, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Studies of ultracold Rydberg atoms and plasmas

Summary form only given. We report on recent experimental and theoretical investigations of highly excited atoms prepared from a dense atomic sample in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The goals of the work are two-fold. First, by exciting atoms above the ionization potential (IP) we can study the properties of an ultracold plasma of electrons (T<1 K) and ions (T<1 mK). Second, tuning the excitation below the IP, we can populate high-lying Rydberg states whose atomic radii are comparable to the interparticle spacing, possibly spawning new collective phenomena. In our initial experiments we study Rydberg states. We collect 10/sup 7/ /sup 85/Rb atoms in the MOT at a density of 10/sup 10//cm/sup 3/. Atoms in the 5s ground state are excited into Rydberg states using single photon excitation.
What Fills the Gaps Left by Employer-Provided Insurance?

Employer-provided insurance is the leading source of medical insurance for non-elderly Americans. However, it leaves many without coverage. Evidence suggests that the non-group insurance market does a poor job of filling in these gaps, for those with both short- and long-term uninsurance. It does so for all income and age groups, as well as for both genders. It does fill some of the gaps in employer-provided coverage for those with middle and high incomes, though very incompletely.
Mediastinal paraganglioma: A surgical experience

Between October 1960 and January 1991, 5 male and 9 female patients (mean age, 44 +/- 19 years) were seen at the Mayo Clinic because of mediastinal paraganglioma. Nine patients presented with hypertension. In these and an additional patient, the tumors were biochemically active. In 13 patients, the mediastinal mass was localized preoperatively. All patients with functioning tumors received alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic blockade preoperatively. Total resection was performed in 11 patients and partial resection in 2. In 1 patient, the tumor was found at postmortem examination. Five lesions were grossly invasive and nine were noninvasive. Blood pressure returned to normal in 6 of the 8 hypertensive patients whose tumors were totally removed. In 4, catecholamine excretion normalized as well. Tumor multicentricity occurred in 6 patients. In 7 patients, the disease took a malignant course (metastases in 5 and progression of unresectable lesions in 2). The probability of 10-year survival after resection was 50% in the group with malignant tumors, and there were no deaths in the group with benign lesions. Analysis of the DNA cellular content showed no correlation between the ploidy pattern and the behavior of the disease.
Multiscale Bayesian restoration in pairwise Markov trees

An important problem in multiresolution analysis of signals and images consists in estimating continuous hidden random variables x={x/sub s/}/sub s/spl isin/S/ from observed ones y={y/sub s/}/sub s/spl isin/S/. This is done classically in the context of hidden Markov trees (HMTs). In this note we deal with the recently introduced pairwise Markov trees (PMTs). We first show that PMTs are more general than HMTs. We then deal with the linear Gaussian case, and we extend from HMTs with independent noise (HMT-IN) to PMT a smoothing Kalman-like recursive estimation algorithm which was proposed by Chou et al., as well as an algorithm for computing the likelihood.
Sporadic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis: Frequency and Epidemiology in an Urban U.S. Population

Patients with acute viral hepatitis were identified at five hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland between February 1979-August 1980. Of the 295 patients with serologically diagnosed hepatitis, 42% had non-A, non-B hepatitis; 48% had hepatitis B; and 10% had hepatitis A. Compared with matched control patients with no liver disease, patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often had received a blood transfusion (11% vs. O, P less than 0.001), used parenteral drugs (42% vs. 4%, P less than 0.001), were employed as health workers in direct patient care or hospital laboratory work (6% vs. 3%, P less than 0.05), had personal contact with others who had hepatitis (16% vs. 1%, P less than 0.001), or had ingested raw shellfish (34% vs. 20%, P less than 0.01). A history of previous clinical hepatitis and serologic markers indicating previous hepatitis B infection were found in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often than in the control patients. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was found in 34 (42.5%) of 80 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Recursion formulae for semi-analytical multiple scattering calculations in slab geometry

Abstract The extraction of cross sections from absorption or capture data requires multiple scattering calculations. Often the Monte Carlo method is the easiest way to perform these calculations, as for example in the case of resonance cross sections. Two types of averages are involved: angular averages and averages over free path distributions. It is shown that for infinite slab samples the free path averages can be calculated analytically, and convenient recursion formulae are given for the case of absorption and scattering.
On managing quality of experience of multiple video streams in wireless networks

Managing the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) of video streaming for wireless clients is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid growth of video traffic on wireless networks. The inherent variability of the wireless channel as well as the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) of the compressed video streams make QoE management a challenging problem. Prior work has studied this problem in the context of transmitting a single video stream. In this paper, we investigate multiplexing schemes to transmit multiple video streams from a base station to mobile clients that use number of playout stalls as a performance metric. In this context, we present an epoch-by-epoch framework to fairly allocate wireless transmission slots to streaming videos. In each epoch our scheme essentially reduces the vulnerability to stalling by allocating slots to videos in a way that maximizes the minimum ‘playout lead’ across all videos. Next, we show that the problem of allocating slots fairly is NP-complete even for a constant number of videos. We then present a fast lead-aware greedy algorithm for the problem. Our choice of greedy algorithm is motivated by the fact that this algorithm is optimal when the channel quality of a user remains unchanged within an epoch (but different users may experience different channel quality). Moreover, our experimental results based on public MPEG-4 video traces and wireless channel traces that we collected from a WiMAX test-bed show that the lead-aware greedy approach performs a fair distribution of stalls across the clients when compared to other algorithms, while still maintaining similar or lower average number of stalls per client.
Stigmatizing attributions about mental illness

Work and housing opportunities of persons with psychosis, substance abuse disorder, and other mental illnesses are significantly hampered by societal stigma. Earlier research by Weiner and colleagues (1988) examined stigmatizing attitudes associated with general health disabilities in terms of attributions about the controllability and stability of these disabilities. The relevance of this model for describing attributions about four psychiatric disorders is examined in this study. One hundred and fifty two adults rated four psychiatric groups (cocaine addiction, depression, psychosis, and mental retardation) and two physical health groups (cancer and AIDS) on six items corresponding with controllability and stability attributions. Findings from a factor analysis supported the distinction between controllability and stability factors. Results also suggested that mental health disabilities were rated more negatively on these factors than physical disabilities. Participants clearly discriminated among mental health disabilities, with cocaine addiction rated most negative in terms of controllability and mental retardation rated most negative in terms of stability. Attribution analyses provide useful information for changing the community's reactions to persons with mental illness. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
REDESCRIPTION OF HOGNA COLORADENSIS (BANKS 1894) FROM THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

Hogna coloradensis (Banks 1894) (Araneae, Lycosidae) is redescribed. Banks' original description from 1894 made identification difficult. Internal and external genitalia of both sexes are herein described and illustrated. The spider is found east of the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming south to Mexico. It constructs shallow, straight burrows that it sometimes closes with small rocks and debris. Lycosa evagra Chamberlin 1925 is synonymized with H. coloradensis.
A 10-year, single-institution analysis of clinicopathologic features and sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanomas.

Background The 2009 American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria for thin cutaneous melanomas recommend staging sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) for select stage IB tumors. SLNB in this population remains controversial because of low rates of node positivity and inconsistent prognostic parameters. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the association between multiple clinicopathologic features and SLNB result, and clinical outcome. Methods Clinical and pathologic parameters from patients with melanomas less than or equal to 1.00 mm receiving wide local excision with SLNB at our institution from 2001 through 2010 were recorded. Analysis for any statistically significant relationships between recorded parameters and SLN results and outcome were performed. Results A total of 189 cases yielded 3 positive SLNBs (1.6%). Disease progression occurred in 6 cases (3.2%). Positive SLNB predicted distant metastasis and death from disease ( P = .0017). Mitotic rate was not associated with a positive SLNB result. Limitations The follow-up time for this study was limited (mean = 40.7 months). Conclusion Our data confirm a statistically significant relationship between SLNB result and likelihood for distant metastasis in thin melanoma. There was a trend for a relationship between mitotic rate and clinical outcome. This relationship reached statistical significance at a mitotic rate of greater than 3 mitoses/mm 2 .
ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS Cup 2012

The 20th ACM SIGSPATIAL Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was held in November of 2012. In conjunction with this conference, we organized the conference's first competition, called the SIGSPATIAL GIS Cup 2012. The subject of the competition was map matching, which is the problem of correctly matching a sequence of noisy GPS points to roads. We describe the details of the contest, the results of the competition, and the lessons we learned in running a contest like this.
A 45-degree CMOS phase shifter and gain/phase imbalance compensation for multi-band transceivers

The paper describes two approaches to achieve multi-band modulators and demodulators for direct conversion architecture. One is a 45-degree phase-shifter CMOS IC, whose input frequency is 4/3 times the desired frequency. The proposed circuit achieves a lower input frequency than conventional 45-degree phase shifters that use frequency dividers. The other is a gain/phase compensation method for quadrature demodulators and modulators. The power measurements for the imbalance estimation can be taken in less than ten symbol periods of the test signals. This means that the compensation method does not need as many iterative cycles as required when using the least mean square or discrete Fourier transform used in previous methods. Compensation procedures involving an actual demodulator were successfully performed.
Luteal phase supplementation with vaginal progesterone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and ovulatory dysfunction undergoing ovulation induction with letrozole: a randomized controlled trial

LUTEAL PHASE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VAGINAL PROGESTERONE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND OVULATORY DYSFUNCTION UNDERGOING OVULATION INDUCTION WITH LETROZOLE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. T. Pakrashi, H. Baydoun, S. Bocca, S. Oehninger, L. Stadtmauer. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Insititute for Reproductive Medicine/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
Delineating Depth to Bedrock Beneath Shallow Unconfined Aquifers: A Gravity Transect Across the Palmer River Basin

In view of the increasing demand on ground water supplies in the northeastern United States, it is imperative to develop appropriate methods to geophysically characterize the most widely used sources of ground water in the region: shallow unconfined aquifers consisting of well-sorted, stratified glacial deposits laid down in bedrock valleys and channels. The gravity method, despite its proven value in delineating buried bedrock valleys elsewhere, is seldom used by geophysical contractors in this region. To demonstrate the method's effectiveness for evaluating such aquifers, a pilot study was undertaken in the Palmer River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts. Because bedrock is so shallow beneath this aquifer (maximum depth is 30 m), the depth-integrated mass deficiency of the overlying unconsolidated material was small, so that the observed gravity anomaly was on the order of 1 milligal (mGal) or less. Thus data uncertainties were significant. Moreover, unlike previous gravity studies elsewhere, we had no a priori information on the density of the sediment. Under such circumstances, it is essential to include model constraints and weighted least-squares in the inversion procedure. Among the model constraints were water table configuration, bedrock outcrops, and depth to bedrock from five water wells. Our procedure allowed us to delineate depth to bedrock along a 3.5 km profile with a confidence interval of 1.8 m at a nominal depth of 17 m. Moreover, we obtained a porosity estimate in the range of 39% to 44%. Thus the gravity method, with appropriate refinements, is an effective tool for the reconnaissance of shallow unconfined aquifers.
Pronounced toxicity differences between homobifunctional protein cross-linkers and analogous monofunctional electrophiles.

Bifunctional electrophiles have been used in various chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, and bioconjugate applications. Many of their effects in biological systems are traceable to their reactive properties, whereby they can modify nucleophilic sites in DNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules. Previously, we found that two different bifunctional electrophiles—diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and divinyl sulfone—exhibited a strong enhancement of toxicity when compared with analogous monofunctional electrophiles in both human colorectal carcinoma cells and baker’s yeast. Here, we have compared the toxicities for a broader panel of homobifunctional electrophiles bearing diverse electrophilic centers (e.g., isothiocyanate, isocyanate, epoxide, nitrogen mustard, and aldehyde groups) to their monofunctional analogues. Each bifunctional electrophile showed at least a 3-fold enhancement of toxicity over its monofunctional counterpart, although in most cases, the differences were even more pronounced. To explain ...
The impact of compartment syndrome on hospital length of stay and charges among adult patients admitted with a fracture of the tibia.

Objectives: To compare hospital charges and length of stay in a series of adult patients with isolated, otherwise uncomplicated tibia fractures with and without acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Design: Retrospective case―control study. Setting: Urban Level I trauma center. Patients: Forty-six previously healthy adults with isolated tibia fractures (open or closed), with or without ACS but without other complication, associated injury, or social circumstance that influenced hospital stay or charges. Intervention: Intramedullary nailing in all patients with immediate fasciotomy and delayed fasciotomy closure in the subset of patients who developed ACS. Main Outcome Measure: Hospital length of stay in days and hospital charges. Results: Forty-six otherwise uncomplicated patients with isolated tibial shaft fractures were identified. Twelve fractures were open. ACS occurred in five patients, all with closed fractures. In 41 patients without ACS (12 open fractures, 29 closed fractures), the mean hospital stay was 3.0 days and mean hospital charges were $23,800. The five patients with ACS underwent a mean of 1.6 additional surgeries to treat the fasciotomy wound, were hospitalized for a mean of 9.0 days, and the mean hospital charges were $49,700. These differences were highly significant for hospital stay (P < 0.005) and charges (P < 0.00004). In contrast, there were no differences in length of stay or hospital charges in patients with closed or open fractures, respectively. Conclusion: The cost of ACS is significant, resulting in hospital stays that are increased threefold and hospital charges that are more than doubled in this cohort of patients. The impact of compartment syndrome on these factors was more important than whether the fracture was open or closed. In addition to the obvious benefit to the patient, methods that decrease the incidence of compartment syndrome and need for fasciotomy such as improved diagnosis to prevent unnecessary fasciotomy and methods to reduce intramuscular pressure and avoid fasciotomy in cases of incipient ACS would also be of value in reducing medical costs.
A NEW MEMBER OF THE MYCETOZOA

This unusual organism was first encountered in the West Indies in December of 1960, during a search for cellular slime molds. Since then, it has appeared in many isolation plates of collections from around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. While it was first thought to be a new species of Protostelium (Olive, 1962), a primitive relative of the cellular slime molds, such an alliance proved incompatible with the discovery that the amoeboid cells develop flagella when placed in water. The fructifications, like those of Protostelium, are quite simple and typically consist of one or two spores on a short stalk. The organism does not fit well into any known group of mycetozoans, and a new genus and family are hereby described to accommodate it.
Abstract 2480: High-level activation of the Notch pathway in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal pediatric brain tumor. Due to its critical location within the brainstem, and its characteristic MRI signature, biopsy is rarely performed. Since many patients die at home in hospice care, autopsy specimens have traditionally been rare. Because of this difficulty in obtaining tissue, three institutions (Johns Hopkins, Children9s National Medical Center, and the National Institutes of Health - Pediatric Oncology Branch) have formed the Mid-Atlantic DIPG Consortium (MADC), to collect and disseminate rapid-autopsy material from patients with DIPG. Using a fresh tissue specimen obtained from a rapid autopsy and disseminated through the MADC, we have established a human DIPG xenograft and neurosphere cell line, JHH-DIPG1. In vitro, these cells are GFAP positive and express human neural stem cell markers often observed in glioblastoma, including human specific SOX2 and NESTIN. They also show marked invasive properties in vitro as measured by transwell invasion assay. In vivo, JHH-DIPG1 forms tumor xenografts in approximately six months in immunocompromised mice. Tumor cells diffusely infiltrate distant brain structures, recapitulating the invasive phenotype of DIPG. Due to their high level expression of neural stem cell markers, and the well-known roles of the Notch pathway in stem cell biology and aggressive brain tumors, we examined the expression of members of the Notch pathway in DIPG. Notch downstream effectors, specifically Hes1, Hes5 and Hey1, are highly expressed in JHH-DIPG1, at levels equal to or exceeding those observed in neurosphere cell lines derived from adult supratentorial glioblastoma. The JHH-DIPG1 tumor cell line represents one of only a handful of pediatric DIPG cell lines extant, and the high level of Notch pathway activation in these cells suggests that blockade of the Notch pathway using gamma secretase inhibitors and shRNAs against the canonical Notch effector CBF may be efficacious in DIPG. Our laboratory is actively investigating the role of the Notch pathway in DIPG using this and other DIPG cell lines, with the goal of moving Notch inhibition into clinical trials for these currently highly lethal tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2480. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2480
Autoradiographic studies of human chromosomes

Certain differences in the location of chromosomal material completing DNA synthesis late in the S-period of the cell cycle were demonstrated when a comparison was made between human blood lymphocytes and epithelial cells derived from term amnion grown in vitro for short periods of time. The differences in the patterns of synthesis between these two differentiated diploid cells, each from the same species but of different embryonic origins (mesodermal vs. ectodermal), functions in vivo, and appearances and growth characteristics in vitro, may be reflections of distinctive patterns of condensed interphase chromatin, i.e. a characteristic distribution of heterochromatin, and possibly also of different cellular functions in the organisms.
mRNA expression of apoptosis genes in spleen and peripheral blood of guinea pigs treated with trichloroethylene

OBJECTIVE:To study mRNA expression of apoptosis genes Bcl-2,BAX,BAD in spleen and peripheral blood of guinea pigs after treatment with trichloroethylene (TCE). METHODS: Guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was applied in this study,18 guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely negative control,positive control and TCE treatment. Animals of the 3 groups were treated with olive oil,2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB),and TCE,respectively,by intradermal injection. Spleens and peripheral blood were collected from the animals for mRNA expression assay,Bcl-2,BAX,BAD in lymphocytes of spleen and peripheral blood were measured by real-time fluorescent PCR assay. RESULTS: Obvious skin damage was observed in the groups of positive control and TCE treatment,the skin damage included erythema and edema. The levels of Bcl-2,BAX and BAD mRNA expression increased significantly in spleen lymphocytes in positive control and TCE treatment groups. However,the levels of Bcl-2,BAX and BAD mRNA did not elevate significantly in peripheral blood lymphocytes in positive control and TCE treatment groups,when compared with negative control. CONCLUSION: Trichloroethylene could induce skin allergic reaction in guinea pigs,it also had effects on mRNA expressions of Bcl-2,BAX,BAD in spleen lymphocytes of guinea pigs.