cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dose determinations for waterborne 2,5,2',5'-[14C]tetrachlorobiphenyl and related pharmacokinetics in two species of trout (Salmo gairdneri and Salvelinus fontinalis): a mass-balance approach.

A mass-balance study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of dose determinations of waterborne 2,5,2',5'-(/sup 14/C)tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) made on transected brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and to determine any pharmacokinetic differences between the two species. The total calculated (/sup 14/C)TCB absorbed by brook (17.8 micrograms) and rainbow (24.5 micrograms) trout was compared to the actual body burden measurements of (/sup 14/C)TCB for brook (17.4 micrograms) and rainbow (25.6 micrograms) trout; the latter measurements also included excretory losses through the urine, feces, and across the gill surface. Approximately 1% of the total dose was excreted of which 75% was in the urine and 25% in the feces. The agreement between the whole body burden measurements of (/sup 14/C)TCB and the total calculated micrograms of (/sup 14/C)TCB absorbed was within 10% in both species. Mass-balance measurements were converted to dose by dividing by fish weight. Mean calculated and measured doses were 31.4 and 30.4 micrograms/kg/48 hr for brook trout and 32.3 and 33.6 micrograms/kg/48 hr for rainbow trout. No species differences were seen in either calculated or measured doses or in total radioactivity excreted. Respiratory function between the two species was similar except for a significantly higher meanmore » ventilation rate for brook trout (84 +/- 14/min) than for rainbow trout (65 +/- 4/min). There were also no fluctuations noted in either respiratory function of (/sup 14/C)TCB uptake efficiency across the gills over the 48-hr exposure period. These studies demonstrated the ability to accurately calculate a water dose in micrograms per kilogram per hour for individual fish that could be directly compared to other fish species or to mammals.« less
Evaluation of an entraining droplet activation parameterization using in situ cloud data

This study investigates the ability of a droplet activation parameterization (which considers the effects of entrainment and mixing) to reproduce observed cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) in ambient clouds. Predictions of the parameterization are compared against cloud averages of CDNC from ambient cumulus and stratocumulus clouds sampled during CRYSTAL‐FACE (Key West, Florida, July 2002) and CSTRIPE (Monterey, California, July 2003), respectively. The entrainment parameters required by the parameterization are derived from the observed liquid water content profiles. For the cumulus clouds considered in the study, CDNC is overpredicted by 45% with the adiabatic parameterization. When entrainment is accounted for, the predicted CDNC agrees within 3.5%. Cloud‐averaged CDNC for stratocumulus clouds is well captured when entrainment is not considered. In all cases considered, the entraining parameterization compared favorably against a statistical correlation developed from observations to treat entrainment effects on droplet number. These results suggest that including entrainment effects in the calculation of CDNC, as presented here, could address important overprediction biases associated with using adiabatic CDNC to represent cloud‐scale average values.
Role of inhalation challenge testing in the diagnosis of isocyanate-induced asthma

Results of isocyanate challenge tests performed on 63 workers referred with a diagnosis of probable isocyanate asthma between 1974 and 1988 were reviewed. Thirty (48 percent) had an acute episode of asthma with a greater than 20 percent decline in FEV1 following subirritant exposure to isocyanates. No difference in the frequency or type of respiratory complaints between isocyanate reactors and nonreactors was found. No differences in lung function results were present when comparing smoking and exsmoking reactors and nonreactors. In never-smokers with complaints consistent with isocyanate-induced asthma, the presence of obstructive lung disease increased the likelihood that isocyanate-induced asthma was present. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine occurred in nearly all isocyanate reactors but predicted isocyanate-induced asthma in only 68 percent of the workers. In nearly all cases of challenge-confirmed toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma, a 15-min exposure to 20 ppb of the commercial TDI mixture (80:20 2,4:2,6) provoked asthma. Conversely, in the absence of an asthmatic response following exposure to this dose for this duration, a second exposure at this concentration for a longer time would be reasonable to confirm the absence of isocyanate-induced asthma. Among workers employed in the production of polyurethane foam and confirmed to have TDI-induced asthma by inhalation challenge to the different TDI isomers, there appeared to be increased airway reactivity to the 2,6 isomer. This may have relevance to the frequency and intensity of respiratory symptoms that workers with TDI-induced asthma develop in differing industrial settings. (Chest 1989; 95:414-23)
Generalized Route to Metal Nanoparticles with Liquid Behavior

We report the generalized synthesis of metal nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior. We introduce a thiol-containing ionic liquid, N,N-dioctyl-N-(3-mercaptopropyl)-N-methylammonium bromide, which serves as a ligand for platinum, gold, palladium, and rhodium nanoparticles. A rapid reduction using THF-soluble metal salts in the presence of the thiol generates nanoparticles with tunable sizes and size distributions. The as-synthesized nanoparticles are a solid and decompose before melting. Upon exchange of the halide anion for an amphiphilic sulfonate anion, however, the nanoparticles exhibit liquid-like properties at room temperature. The liquids have high metal loadings; for example, the 2.7 nm platinum nanoparticle liquid is 36% platinum by mass.
Natural tooth intrusion and reversal in implant-assisted prosthesis: Evidence of and a hypothesis for the occurrence

Based on clinical observation, a hypothesis of the mechanism of intrusion of natural teeth in an implant-assisted prosthesis is suggested. Engineering principles are presented that establish an energy absorption model as it relates to the implant-assisted prosthesis. In addition, in the course of patient treatment it has been discovered that the intrusion of natural teeth can be reversed. Patient histories that demonstrate intrusion reversal are reviewed. The possible mechanisms for the intrusion/reversal phenomenon are presented and preventative recommendations are given.
Assessment and use of two silicon carbide multi-well plates for library synthesis and proteolytic digests using microwave heating

The use of two silicon carbide plates is reported for the preparation of three libraries of organic molecules using microwave heating. In addition, a preliminary study has been carried out, showing that one of the plates can also be used in a proteomics setting. Both the 24-position and 48-position plates heated evenly when irradiated with microwave energy. The 48-position plate was used to prepare a library of N-aryl functionalized β-amino esters via an aza-Michael reaction between anilines and Michael acceptors. The 24-position plate was used to prepare a library of biaryls via a Suzuki coupling methodology and a library of 1,4-dihydropyridines via a Hantzsch synthesis. The 48-position plate was also used to perform the proteolytic digestion of insulin chain B by trypsin.
An Eight-Year-Old Child with Fever, Fatigue, Pallor, and Weight Loss

An 8-year-old previously healthy Hispanic boy presented with fever and a 10-lb weight loss over the past 2 months. His fever has occurred almost daily, reaching 102°F. The fever was noted to be slightly higher and more frequent at nighttime, with occasional chills. He defervesced without the use of antipyretics. Shortly after the fever began, the child developed an erythematous rash on his lower extremities. An unknown antibiotic produced resolution of the rash after 1 to 2 days. Several weeks before presentation, he developed a productive cough, green rhinorrhea, and post-tussive emesis. Results of blood tests performed at that time were normal, and he was symptomatically treated for a virus. However, the parents became concerned about the child's increasing pallor and fatigue. When they returned to the pediatrician, a complete blood count (CBC) revealed anemia of an unknown degree. He was then referred to the emergency department (ED) for further evaluation. The review of systems was notable for a decreased appetite and energy level. Otherwise, it was negative for diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. Furthermore, he had no headaches, mental status changes, bruising, epistaxis, hematuria, or dysuria. History was also negative for travel and ill contacts. Over the past 5 months, there had been reconstruction at his school, and there was a rodent infestation at home. The child took no medications and had an allergy to amoxicillin, with which he developed a rash. He was a fullterm neonate, born in Los Angeles, Calif, delivered by cesarean section secondary to fetal distress and bradycardia, with a birth weight of 8 lb 9 oz. His mother received first-trimester prenatal care, with unremarkable study results. He had no prior hospitalizations or surgeries.
A hierarchical bayesian statistical framework for response time distributions

This paper provides a statistical framework for estimating higher-order characteristics of the response time distribution, such as the scale (variability) and shape. Consideration of these higher order characteristics often provides for more rigorous theory development in cognitive and perceptual psychology (e.g., Luce, 1986). RT distribution for a single participant depends on certain participant characteristics, which in turn can be thought of as arising from a distribution of latent variables. The present work focuses on the three-parameter Weibull distribution, with parameters for shape, scale, and shift (initial value). Bayesian estimation in a hierarchical framework is conceptually straightforward. Parameter estimates, both for participant quantities and population parameters, are obtained through Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The methods are illustrated with an application to response time data in an absolute identification task. The behavior of the Bayes estimates are compared to maximum likelihood (ML) estimates through Monte Carlo simulations. For small sample size, there is an occasional tendency for the ML estimates to be unreasonably extreme. In contrast, by borrowing strength across participants, Bayes estimation “shrinks” extreme estimates. The results are that the Bayes estimators are more accurate than the corresponding ML estimators.
Cleidocranial dysostosis: report of case

Emphasis is given to the multidisciplinary approach to treatment of oral problems peculiar to patients with cleidocranial dysostosis. In the treatment of oral problems of patients with cleidocranial dysostosis, the multidisciplinary approach should be considered. The collective abilities of the oral surgeon, the prosthodontist, and the orthodontist should be utilized to determine the most effective treatment.
Characterization of a new human endometrial carcinoma (RL95-2) established in tissue culture

A new human endometrial cell line, RL95-2, derived from a Grade 2 moderately differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium has been passaged successfully in cell culture for more than 2 yr. The cells are characteristically epithelioid with well-defined junctional complexes, tonofilaments, filopodialike extensions, and surface microvilli. Nuclei are large, irregular, and invaginated frequently with multiple, prominent, lamellar nucleoli. The cells have a log phase doubling time of 22 to 34 h followed by continued growth at a reduced rate with no apparent plateau phase. They exhibit a strong tendency for piling up as well as for the formation of glandlike dome structures. Karyotypically the line is trisomic 8 (47,XX,+8) and has an 8% frequency of polyploidization. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors are present. Antihuman α-keratin characterizes the cell line as epithelial, nonstromal. The RL95-2 cell line may provide a useful in vitro system for the investigation of the endocrine regulation of endometrial neoplasia.
Mechanisms of spectral shifts in lobster carotenoproteins. The resonance Raman spectra of ovoverdin and the crustacyanins.

Abstract Resonance Raman data have been used to elucidate the mechanisms of the absorption spectral shifts occurring for astaxanthin upon binding to the carotenoproteins, ovoverdin and α-, β- and γ-crustacyanins, from the lobster Homarus americanus . Although distinguishable on the basis of small differences in their resonance Raman spectra the binding sites of the crustacyanins, giving rise to λ max at 605 ± 25 nm, are essentially the same. The large red shift in λ max for the crustacyanins compared to free astaxanthin ( λ max 480 nm), is accounted for by a charge-polarisation mechanism in which charged groups and possibly hydrogen bonds in the binding site set up π electron polarisation in the ligand. Several alternate mechanisms can be eliminated. Ovoverdin is found to consist of three polypeptide chains of molecular weight 105 000, 95 000 and 78 000 which are not linked by disulfide bridges. The visible absorption peaks of ovoverdin at 460 and 640 nm are shown to arise from two astaxanthin molecules each bound at a different site. The spectral characteristics of the 460 nm site suggest a rigid hydrophobic environment for astaxanthin, in which no charge-ligand interactions occur. The mechanism of the spectral shift in the 640 nm site is the same as in the crustacyanins, i.e. a charge-polarisation effect. Resonance Raman spectra of ovoverdin and the crustacyanins could be obtained in situ; they were identical to the spectra of the purified proteins showing that the carotenoid sites were unperturbed by protein isolation.
Postdischarge Complications Predict Reoperation and Mortality after Otolaryngologic Surgery

Objectives(1) Determine procedure-specific rates of postdischarge complications (PDCs) and their risk factors in the first 30 days following inpatient otolaryngologic surgery. (2) Evaluate association between PDCs and risk of reoperation and mortality.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2011).Subjects and MethodsWe identified 48,028 adult patients who underwent inpatient otolaryngologic surgery. Outcomes of interest included complications, reoperation, and mortality in the first 30 days following surgery. Statistical analysis included chi-square, t tests, and multivariate regression.ResultsLaryngectomy, lip, and tongue/floor of mouth surgery had the highest PDC rates (8.0%, 7.4%, and 4.1%, respectively). Within the first 48 hours, week, and 2 weeks post discharge, 10%, 44%, and 73% of PDCs occurred, respectively. Common PDCs included surgical site infections (53.6%), other infections (37.4%), and venous thromboembol...
CORSPOND: a portable FORTRAN-77 program for correspondence analysis

Abstract A portable FORTRAN-77 program is presented for correspondence analysis. A matrix algebraic description for this principal components technique is used to aid understanding of the method and computer algorithm. Application to a published data set verifies the accuracy and correct execution of the computer code. Application to a water-quality data set is used to demonstrate how this computer program can be applied easily and successfully.
Anatomic distribution of lectin-binding sites in mouse testis and epididymis.

Abstract Testis and epididymis of sexually mature mice were studied histochemically using 25 fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Several lectin-specific binding patterns were recognized. Thus, HAA, HPA, GSA-I, and UEA-I1 reacted only with spermatozoa. PNA, GSA-11, SBA, VVA, BPA, RCA-I, and RCA-I1 reacted with spermatozoa and spermatocytes. WGA, PEA, LCA, and MPA reacted with spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spematozoa in increasing order of intensity. ConA, SUC. ConA, LAA, STA, LTA, LPA, PHA-E, PHA-L, IJEA-I, and LBA reacted with all spermatogenic cells with equal intensity. In the epididymis, 12 lectins reacted uniformly with the epithelial cells lining all segments of this organ. One lectin (VVA) did not react with epididymal lining cells. The remaining 12 lectins reacted in a specific manner with portions of the head, body, or tail, thus selectively outlining different portions of the epididymis. RCA-I and RCA-I1 selectively accentuated the so-called halo cells of the epididymis. These findings provide a detailed map of lectin-binding sites in the mouse testis and epididymis and show that certain lectins can be used as specific markers for spermatogenic cells and segments of the epididymis.
Elinor Ostrom: “A Magnificent and Irreplaceable Treasure”

[Author Affiliation]Rick K Wilson, * Herbert S. Autrey Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, MS 24, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; E-mail: rkw@rice.edu .Catherine C Eckel, [dagger] Sara & John Lindsey Professor, Department of Economics, Texas AM E-mail: ceckel@econmail.tamu.edu .[Acknowledgment]Thanks to Haley Harwell (Texas AM instead, she drew upon the many ways in which locally organized individuals solved social dilemmas to argue for a decentralized, individualized approach. For her many coauthors, she was an indefatigable force. For her many students, she was an inspiration and an endless source of information and ideas. For those who met her, Lin was infectiously exuberant, down-to-earth, and capable of finding something important to discuss with anyone she encountered. At a reception in her honor at the Southern Economic Association Meetings in 2010, she was standing in a corner by herself for a few moments until the graduate students discovered her. Suddenly, she was surrounded by students asking myriad of questions to which she was happy to reply, and, as always, she pressed the students about their own research.Lin believed in the power of institutions and built a long-lasting example of her own. In 1973, Lin and Vincent founded the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis (affectionately known by participants as Camp Wopotopa). The Workshop brought scholars from a variety of disciplines together to work jointly on projects. Its primary goal was to bridge the world of ideas with the world of practical policy advice. The Workshop provided an intellectual center around which undergraduate and graduate students could learn the research process, faculty could elaborate new ideas, and visitors could come to share in the intellectual enterprise. Over the years, it became a large extended, intellectual family that had the breadth exhibited by Lin's work. The Workshop was central to Lin's work, and we return to it later.Lin's BackgroundLin grew up in Los Angeles, California, and received her undergraduate and graduate degrees from UCLA in political science. From the beginning, Lin was interested in studying economics, but she was strongly discouraged from doing so. Undergraduate advisors told her that women did not have the appropriate aptitude for math and rigor demanded by economics. Instead, she was encouraged to go into political science where the demands were not as high. …
Spectral prefetcher: An effective mechanism for L2 cache prefetching

Effective data prefetching requires accurate mechanisms to predict embedded patterns in the miss reference behavior. This paper proposes a novel prefetching mechanism, called the spectral prefetcher (SP), that accurately identifies the pattern by dynamically adjusting to its frequency. The proposed mechanism divides the memory address space into tag concentration zones (TCzones) and detects either the pattern of tags (higher order bits) or the pattern of strides (differences between consecutive tags) within each TCzone. The prefetcher dynamically determines whether the pattern of tags or strides will increase the effectiveness of prefetching and switches accordingly. To measure the performance of our scheme, we use a cycle-accurate aggressive out-of-order simulator that models bus occupancy, bus protocol, and limited bandwidth. Our experimental results show performance improvement of 1.59, on average, and at best 2.10 for the memory-intensive benchmarks we studied. Further, we show that SP outperforms the previously proposed scheme, with twice the size of SP, by 39p and a larger L2 cache, with equivalent storage area by 31p.
Reading Pulp Fiction: Femininity and power in second and third wave feminist theory

This article adds to the growing literature distinguishing second and third wave feminist theory. It opens by outlining theoretical differences between second wave and third wave definitions of fem...
Remaking the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge : A Case of Shadowboxing with Nature

1. Mind over Matter, 2. Field Guide to Megaproject Interpretation, Part I: Time in Suspension, 3. Past as Prologue, 4. Engineering between the Fault Lines, Part II: A Race Against Time, 5. Shockwaves by Design, 6. Ground Motions when Pedalling for a Pathway and Train Tracks, Part III: Hurry Up and Wait...and Wait, 7. Freefalling to Vertigo, 8. Back to the Future: the 'Big One' of Skyrocketing Costs, 9. Aftershock: Hubris and Shadowboxing with Nature
Evaluation of adaptive space-time-polarization cancellation of broadband interference

It is demonstrated that an array of N dual-polarized antennas can cancel up to 2N-1 broadband interferers, while still maintaining a high probability of GPS satellite availability.
Carboxyethyl Homologation of Lactols: Synthons For Dinorprostanoids

Abstract Synthons derived by three carbon homologation of suitably functionalized lactols are key intermediates in the preparation of dinor prostaglandin metabolites. An efficient method for the synthesis of dinor prostaglandin synthons with the desired Z-5, 6 double bond geometry is described.
Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's sarcoma in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was detected in 1994 in biopsies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues from a patient with AIDS. The evidence that HHV-8 infection is etiologically related to the development of KS is compelling. Essentially all patients with KS of any epidemiological type have serological evidence of HHV-8 infection. About 30%-40% of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are seropositive for HHV-8; rates are lower (<10%) among HIV-infected women, hemophiliacs, and injection drug users. Among homosexual men, the probability of HHV-8-seropositivity is directly proportional to the numbers of previous male sex partners, which suggets that HHV-8 is a sexually transmitted infection. Although HHV-8 is detectable in saliva and semen, the exact mechanism of transmission is not known. A reduction in KS incidence among patients with AIDS in the 1980s has been attributed to lower rates of HHV-8 transmission that resulted from alterations in sexual behaviors. A further decline in KS incidence has been associated with the use of antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy to control HIV replication and to limit the associated immunodeficiency is currently the best approach for preventing KS in persons infected with HHV-8 and HIV.
Treatment of Pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome with Infliximab

Purpose: To report treatment results with infliximab in 2 pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) patients.Design: Interventional case series.Methods: Medical records of 2 patients were reviewed.Results: In 1 case with bilateral complete serous detachments, there was improvement but persistent fluid after 2 months of high-dose prednisone, methotrexate, and infliximab therapy. Infliximab was discontinued, and cyclophosphamide monthly intravenous injections were initiated with resolution of all subretinal fluid within 3 weeks. The second patient had mild subretinal fluid around the right optic nerve head tracking into the macula. Treatment with prednisone, methotrexate, and infliximab was initiated, with resolution of the subretinal fluid. Prednisone was tapered off within 4 months, and the inflammation remains controlled.Conclusions: Infliximab as adjunctive therapy in pediatric VKH showed a benefit in reducing systemic corticosteroid exposure in 1 patient, but incomplete timely resolution of inflamm...
Particle size selection and sediment reworking in a funnel feeder, Leptosynapta tenuis (Holothuroidea, Synaptidae)

The burrowing behavior of the holothurian Leptosynapta tenuis, its lebensspuren, and the types of peristaltic waves used in movement and burrow irrigation are described. Particle size selection is a function of accessability of grains. L. tenuis cannot distinguish between particle sizes but nevertheless ingests small particles in a lesser proportion than that found in the surrounding sediment. Feeding rates are 2900–5500 g · yr−1 · animal−1. These rates are strongly dependent on temperature. Computation of a sediment mixing budget shows that of all the sediment ingested, 51% is ingested from the top 1/2 cm of sediment, 75% from the top 3 cm. The significance of the funnel as a ‘tool’ to exploit the top 1/2 cm of sediment is discussed. L. tenuis differs from other deposit feeders in that (1) it removes small particles from the surface sediment during its reworking activities, (2) it reworks sediment downward as well as upward, (3) its reworking activities tend to increase the stability of the upper 3 cm of the sediment, and (4) because so much sediment is ingested from the top 1/2 cm, it reworks an entire sediment column less efficiently per gram of sediment ingested than many other deposit feeders.
Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Published in the Urological Literature from 1998 to 2012.

Purpose: Systematic reviews synthesize the current best evidence to address a clinical question. Given the growing emphasis on evidence-based clinical practice, systematic reviews are being increasingly sought after and published. We previously reported limitations in the methodological quality of 57 individual systematic reviews published from 1998 to 2008. We provide an update to our previous study, adding systematic reviews published from 2009 to 2012.Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed® and hand searched the table of contents of 4 major urological journals to identify systematic reviews related to questions of prevention and therapy. Two independent reviewers with prior formal evidence-based medicine training assessed the methodological quality using the validated 11-point AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) instrument. We performed predefined statistical hypothesis testing for differences by publication period (1998 to 2008 vs 2009 to 2012) and journal of pub...
Domain landscapes of somatic mutations in cancer

Large-scale tumor sequencing projects are now underway to identify genetic mutations that drive tumor initiation and development. Most studies take a gene-based approach to identifying driver mutations, highlighting genes mutated in a large percentage of tumor samples as those likely to contain driver mutations. However, this gene-based approach usually does not consider the position of the mutation within the gene or the functional context the position of the mutation provides. Here we introduce a novel method for mapping mutations to distinct protein domains, not just individual genes, in which they occur, thus providing the functional context for how the mutation contributes to disease. Furthermore, aggregating mutations from all genes containing a specific protein domain enables the identification of mutations that are rare at the gene level, but that occur frequently within the specified domain. These highly mutated domains potentially reveal disruptions of protein function necessary for cancer development. We mapped somatic mutations from the protein coding regions of 100 colon adenocarcinoma tumor samples to the genes and protein domains in which they occurred, and constructed topographical maps to depict the “mutational landscapes” of gene and domain mutation frequencies. We found significant mutation frequency in a number of genes previously known to be somatically mutated in colon cancer patients including APC, TP53 and KRAS. In addition, we found significant mutation frequency within specific domains located in these genes, as well as within other domains contained in genes having low mutation frequencies. These domain “peaks” were enriched with functions important to cancer development including kinase activity, DNA binding and repair, and signal transduction. Using our method to create the domain landscapes of mutations in colon cancer, we were able to identify somatic mutations with high potential to drive cancer development. Interestingly, the majority of the genes involved have a low mutation frequency. Therefore, themethod shows good potential for identifying rare driver mutations in current, large-scale tumor sequencing projects. In addition, mapping mutations to specific domains provides the necessary functional context for understanding how the mutations contribute to the disease, and may reveal novel or more refined gene and domain target regions for drug development.
Power controlled multiple access control for wireless access nets

In this paper, we develop and investigate a new joint power controlled medium access control (MAC) algorithm for wireless access nets (ANets). In an ANet, the user nodes are associated with a single central node (backbone node) that serves to allocate and manage their resources. Under our new protocol, the net backbone node (BN) instructs the ANet nodes to make power control adjustments while simultaneously allocating to them slots for the requested transmission of their packets. Our algorithm leads to significant increase in the net throughput level by attaining high spatial reuse while striving to reduce power consumption in that nodes only employ the power levels required to reach their designated destinations. By introducing fair queuing and scheduling elements, we demonstrate the ability of our algorithm to support fairness in our scheduling. Two different methodologies for incorporation of fairness are proposed. We demonstrate the throughput and delay vs. fairness trade-off behavior of our new protocol.
Manual wheelchair use: bouts of mobility in everyday life.

Background. This study aimed to describe how people move about in manual wheelchairs (MWCs) during everyday life by evaluating bouts of mobility or continuous periods of movement. Methods. A convenience sample of 28 MWC users was recruited. Participants' everyday mobility was measured using a wheel-mounted accelerometer and seat occupancy switch for 1-2 weeks. Bouts of mobility were recorded and characterized. Results. Across 29,200 bouts, the median bout lasted 21 seconds and traveled 8.6 m at 0.43 m/s. 85% of recorded bouts lasted less than 1 minute and traveled less than 30 meters. Participants' daily wheelchair activity included 90 bouts and 1.6 km over 54 minutes. Average daily occupancy time was 11 hours during which participants wheeled 10 bouts/hour and spent 10% of their time wheeling. Spearman-Brown Prophecy analysis suggested that 7 days were sufficient to achieve a reliability of 0.8 for all bout variables. Conclusions. Short, slow bouts dominate wheelchair usage in a natural environment. Therefore, clinical evaluations and biomechanical research should reflect this by concentrating on initiating movement, maneuvering wheelchairs, and stopping. Bouts of mobility provide greater depth to our understanding of wheelchair use and are a more stable metric (day-to-day) than distance or time wheeled.
Synthesis of multi-level combinational circuits for complete robust path delay fault testability

Several synthesis rules for obtaining a multilevel multioutput logic circuit with 100% hazard-free robust testability of path delay faults are explored. In the simplest of these rules, an irredundant two-level implementation of the logic function, which is not robustly testable, is modified to a three-level or a four-level completely robust testable implementation. Algebraic factorization is applied to the modified implementation to obtain a completely robust testable multi level circuit at a relatively low area overhead. This rule was found to make most of the considered Berkeley programmable logic array (PLA) benchmark realizations completely testable. For a small number of cases where this synthesis rule is only partially applicable, another rule is presented, which can guarantee complete testability, but at a slightly higher area overhead. Both these synthesis rules also ensure testability of all multiple stuck-at faults with an easily derivable test set. Four other heuristic synthesis rules that can aid in obtaining a completely robust testable circuit at a lower area overhead in some cases are also presented. >
Nonlinear predictive control with application to manipulator with flexible forearm

A neural network is constructed to represent the input-output relation of a dynamical model. The parameters are calculated by means of a second-order training algorithm. Then, a nonlinear predictive controller is designed on the basis of a neural network plant model using the receding-horizon control approach. Based on the neural model, the control is calculated by minimizing a projected cost function that penalizes future tracking errors. As an illustration of the approach, the nonlinear dynamics of a planar two-joint arm with a flexible forearm are modeled using a sigmoidal network and an offline estimation procedure for a range of motions. The applicability of the approach is illustrated through computer simulations.
Design of the Multilayer Insulation System for the Superconducting Super Collider 50 mm Dipole Cryostat

The development of the multilayer insulation (MLI) system for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) 50 mm collider dipole cryostat is an ongoing extension of work conducted during the 40 mm cryostat program. While the basic design of the MLI system for the 50 mm cryostat resembles that of the 40 mm cryostat, results from measurements of MLI thermal performance below 80K have prompted a re-design of the MLI system for the 20K thermal radiation shield. Presented is the design of the MLI system for the 50 mm collider dipole cryostat, with discussion focusing on system performance, blanket geometry, cost-effective fabrication techniques, and built-in quality control measures that assure consistent thermal performance throughout the SSC accelerator.
Response of Lactating Cows to Added Increments of Dietary Protein and Nonprotein Nitrogen

Abstract Two 3 × 3 Latin square designs (12 cows per square, 4 weeks per period) measured the value of added increments of crude protein from soybean meal and urea in a high-urea basal ration. In the soybean meal square, all cows received rations which were 76.4% corn silage (34.1% dry matter), 18.8% of a 3.0% urea pelleted concentrate, and the remaining 4.8% was ground shelled corn in the basal ration, 2.4% ground shelled corn and 2.4% soybean meal in Soybean Meal 1, and 4.8% soybean meal in Soybean Meal 2. In the urea square, 2.4% ground shelled corn and 2.4% of a corn-urea mixture (87% ground shelled corn and 13% urea) were included in Urea 1 and 4.8% of the same corn-urea mixture in Urea 2. Soybean meal supplementation significantly increased milk production as compared with the basal treatment while urea supplementation showed no significant increase. Differences between Soybean Meals 1 and 2 were not significant. Cows in the soybean meal square produced more milk than those in the urea square (P Analysis of pooled data from both squares showed a significant depression in feed intake on the basal ration compared with the nitrogen-supplemented rations. In both squares plasma urea nitrogen increased linearly with crude protein (P
Architects and architecture serving society

Architects Without Frontiers: War, Reconstruction, and Design Responsibility Esther Charlesworth Architectural Press/Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 2006; ISBN 0 7506 6840 7 US General William Tecumseh Sherm...
The Effects Of Restricting Capital Outflows On Investment In An Open Economy

This paper considers the effects of restricting capital outflows on foreign investment in a developing country. It is shown that a developing country may restrict capital outflows if domestic economic conditions are poor, and it may liberalize capital outflows if domestic economic conditions are strong. Restricting capital outflows has large impact if the investment horizon is short. Furthermore, restricting capital outflows may discourage foreign investors from investing in the developing country. This result is consistent with the home equity bias.
Vendor Consideration and Switching Behavior for Buyers in High-Technology Markets:

High-technology markets represent unique problems for organizational buyers and, in turn, for their existing and potential vendors. These problems are due to high levels of uncertainty and the pres...
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis of supported metal catalysts

The use of a high-brightness field emission gun and novel secondary electron detection systems makes it possible to acquire nanometer-resolution surface images of bulk materials, even at low electron beam voltages. The advantages of low-voltage SEM include enhanced surface sensitivity, reduced sample charging on non-conducting materials, and significantly reduced electron range and interaction volume. High-resolution images formed by collecting the backscattered electron signal can give information about the size and spatial distribution of metal nanoparticles in supported catalysts. Low-voltage XEDS can provide compositional information of bulk samples with enhanced surface sensitivity and significantly improved spatial resolution. High-resolution SEM techniques enhance our ability to detect and, subsequently, analyze the composition of nanoparticles in supported metal catalysts. Applications of high-resolution SEM imaging and microanalysis techniques to the study of industrial supported catalysts are discussed.
Application of Rock Anchor Foundation in Transmission Line

The rock anchor foundation applications for transmission line in investigation, design, construction and detection were studied. Some technical measures were proposed, such as using high intensity steels and swelled rock anchor. And the hole bottom expanding foundation, the composite foundation and group steels foundation could enlarge the application scope of rock anchor foundation in transmission line, which could provide references for other engineering applications of rock anchor foundation.
On The Functions of History of Science Educating People

Education of history of science may not only cultivate spirit of science,critical spirit,methods of thought,innovative spirit and sense of responsibility,compassion and enterprise,but also provide cognition on illogical methods of thought and taste of aesthetic philosophy.Education of history of science in Medical academy is an important channel to advance medicos' comprehen- sive quality.Enhancing cognition and developing multifarious educating activities of history of science is an important tendency in reformation of medical education.
PCR-DGGE Analysis of the Bacterial Community in Different Populations of Rice Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens Stl

The bacterial community structure in different virulent populations of brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Stl),was analyzed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE).The results showed that the bacterial community in BPH nymph from the 1st to the 5th instars varied with nymphal growth and development,and the bacterial community in the 1st instar BPH nymph was similar to that in adults.Nine geographic BPH populations were obviously divided into three groups according to the cluster analysis based on DGGE fingerprint.The first group came from the Philippines,the second from Thailand and the provinces of Hainan,Yunnan and Zhejiang of China,and the third from Vietnam and the provinces of Guangxi,Hunan,and Jiangxi of China.BPH populations on Mudgo(with resistant gene Bph1)and ASD7(with resistant gene bph2)have similar bacterial community,while differed to that fed on susceptible rice variety,TN1.
Respiratory infections in children: when is brodimoprim indicated?

Respiratory infections are the most common infection in children. They differ remarkably according to age, bacteria and viruses. Therefore a careful history of outbreak, age, former infections, involvement of surroundings, symptoms, etc are essential. The present study included 50 children, aged between 0.3 and 12 yrs, all treated ambulatorily. 21 received brodimoprim (B) and 29 erythromycin (E). Indications were: tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis and scarlet fever. Dosages were: B was given 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) initially followed by 5 mg/kg b.w., once-a-day. The duration of treatment varied between 4 and 14 days (mean 8.3 days). E was given 30.50 mg/kg b.w. 3 times per day; duration 4 to 14 days (mean 8.6 days). Overall results were: in group B:12 cures, 5 improvements, 3 failures; 1 not assessable. In group E: 20 cures, 8 improvements, 1 failure. Side effects: in group B: vomiting (1), skin reaction (2), discontinuation (2); in group E: skin reaction (1), diarrhea (5), diarrhea+vomiting (1); discontinuation (2). The differences in efficacy and tolerability in the two groups are not statistically significant. The improved compliance with a single versus t.i.d. dosages has to be taken into account.
Jindal's "Battle": The Cultural Logics beneath Bobby Jindal's Pathetic Terrorist Metaphor

In August of 2014 the Governor of Louisiana, Bobby Jindal, released a statement declaring his intent to sue President Obama and the Department of Education. This article analyzes the pathetic language used in that statement and finds a surprising metaphor comparing the President to a terrorist, as well as a parallel with a pattern Kenneth Burke found in his analysis of Hitler’s Mein Kampf. I include research on emotion and affect theory in my methodology and show how Jindal’s rhetoric could benefit from a more invitational approach than the extreme persuasive approach he has taken. I conclude by calling on rhetoricians to take note of discourse that follows such a pattern and for public speakers to consider invitational rhetoric as a means of opening a dialogue and working towards solutions.
Policy needed for additive manufacturing

The successful adoption of metallic additive manufacturing in aviation will require investment in basic scientific understanding of the process, defining of standards and adaptive regulation.
Where are the Black Titans and what can they Learn from Prospective Students

The interviewees in our study expressed an understanding regarding the role that HBCUs play in the education of African Americans. In fact, when asked about their viewpoints regarding attending an HBCU, some of the students explained that these institutions were “a good choice” for Black students.
Karl Marx and Wilt Chamberlain, or: Luck Egalitarianism, Exploitation, and the Clean Path to Capitalism Argument

This paper focuses on the claim that luck egalitarianism is incompatible with Marxian theory because it allows for the possibility of a ‘clean path’ to capitalism. It explores the nature and structure of the clean path argument generally and critically discusses luck egalitarian versions of the argument. It contends that the Marxian theory of exploitation can meet the challenge of the clean path to capitalism argument, that luck egalitarianism and the Marxian theory of exploitation are not incompatible, and that luck egalitarianism can explain why Marxian exploitation is unjust.
Field flashing a synchronous generator

When power goes completely out, it is necessary to excite the fields of power system generators with battery power to re-start the generators before switching back to using generator output power for field excitation; this is known as a black start. We designed a black start field exciter system for the 20-kVA synchronous generator and ABB UNITROL 1020 exciter in the Analog Model Power System at the University of Idaho to be used for starting excitation on the generator and research on black start conditions. The completed system was modeled in Real Time Digital Simulation for incorporation into power system transient simulations.
Immune Cell Intolerance for Excess Cholesterol.

Chronic metabolic challenges have severe consequences on physiological systems. In this issue of Immunity, Ito et al. (2016) show that defects in cholesterol metabolism in CD11c+ immune cells result in impaired antigen presentation and ultimately in autoimmune disease.
Political cartoons as epideictic: Rhetorical analysis of two of the Charlie Hebdo political cartoons*

AbstractOn January 7, 2015, 12 people were killed during the bombing of the Charlie Hebdo offices. What makes this especially chilling was that the attack was launched against a newspaper for publishing images of Muhammad used for satiric commentary. The following day, CNN’s Nick Thompson posted a series of political cartoons responding to the attack. Many employed the idiom, “The pen is mightier than the sword.” This analysis focuses on two of the cartoons using that idiom: Linus MacLeod’s “Powerful, More Powerful” and James Walmesley’s “Pencil and Eraser.” MacLeod’s cartoon maintains a fidelity to the adage, in that he employs the image of a pen, while Walmseley instead depicts a pencil, the writing instrument more typically associated with a cartoonist’s work. After a discussion of the history and nature of the idiom, this piece analyzes the comics by using the construction of narrative by Barry Brummett, and the construction of image offered by Molly Bang. The piece argues that the images function epi...
Athermal synchronization of laser source with WDM filter in a silicon photonics platform

In an optical interconnect circuit, microring resonators (MRRs) are commonly used in wavelength division multiplexing systems. To make the MRR and laser synchronized, the resonance wavelength of the MRR needs to be thermally controlled, and the power consumption becomes significant with a high-channel count. Here, we demonstrate an athermally synchronized rare-earth-doped laser and MRR. The laser comprises a Si3N4 based cavity covered with erbium-doped Al2O3 to provide gain. The low thermo-optic coefficient of Al2O3 and Si3N4 and the comparable thermal shift of the effective index in the laser and microring cross-sections enable lasing and resonance wavelength synchronization over a wide range of temperatures. The power difference between matched and unmatched channels remains greater than 15 dB from 20 to 50 °C due to a synchronized wavelength shift of 0.02 nm/°C. The athermal synchronization approach reported here is not limited to microring filters but can be applied to any Si3N4 filter with integrated lasers using rare earth ion doped Al2O3 as a gain medium to achieve system-level temperature control free operation.