cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Covariant framework for a mass monopole as a field structure in general relativity

We present a covariant framework for what is usually referred to as a mass monopole, by utilizing certain scalar invariants that are functions of the eigenvalues of the Riemann tensor. We thus bridge one of the theoretical gaps in the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann (EIH) derivation of the equations of motion of particles from the field equations: the lack of a covariant characterization of those aspects of a particle's structure which influence its motion. We have succeeded in giving a covariant framework for a mass monopole, which is the particle type assumed by EIH in their derivation. This is accomplished by using only the field outside the mass (singularity) to describe its characteristics, thereby conforming to a pure field description of nature. The utility of the framework has been verified by applying it to two physically relevant situations. The first is that of a Kerr particle, and the second is that of one spherically symmetric mass orbiting another. Our framework does indeed correspond to the intuitively expected results. In addition, our novel use of eigenvalues of the Riemann tensor appears to be a possible avenue of approach to the covariant characterization of other particle structure.
Comparison of sequential swallowing in patients with acute stroke and healthy adults.

Abstract Murguia M, Corey DM, Daniels SK. Comparison of sequential swallowing in patients with acute stroke and healthy adults. Objectives To compare hyolaryngeal complex (HLC) movement and leading-edge-of-the-bolus location patterns of sequential swallowing in patients with stroke and healthy adults, and to determine whether these patterns affect swallowing safety. Design Between-groups comparison. Setting Veterans hospital. Participants Consecutively admitted patients with acute unilateral supratentorial stroke (right hemisphere damage, n=13; left hemisphere damage, n=16) and age-matched healthy participants (n=25). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures HLC movement pattern, bolus location, Penetration-Aspiration (P-A) Scale score. Results No significant group differences were observed for HLC movement pattern, bolus location, and P-A Scale score. Specific HLC movement patterns and bolus location were not associated with a higher P-A Scale score. A significant correlation between HLC movement pattern and bolus location was observed. Bolus location was typically inferior to the valleculae between swallows when the HLC was partially elevated. Across all groups, P-A Scale scores were significantly higher during sequential swallowing than single swallows. Conclusions HLC movement pattern and bolus location do not appear related to airway invasion, at least in persons without significant dysphagia. Given higher P-A Scale scores during sequential swallowing as compared with single swallows, sequential swallowing should always be evaluated in all patients.
Metabolism of [5-3H]kynurenine in the developing rat brain in vivo: effect of intrastriatal ibotenate injections

Abstract Two metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, the neurotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) and the neuroprotectant kynurenic acid (KYNA), may play a role in the initiation or propagation of brain diseases. In order to study their disposition during the acute and chronic stages of neurodegeneration, effects of an excitotoxic insult on the de novo synthesis of several kynurenine pathway metabolites were examined in vivo. Neuronal injury and lesions were produced in 7-day (PND 7), 14-day (PND 14) and young adult rats by an intrastriatal injection of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid. At 2 h, 2, 7 and 28 days later, the formation of tritiated KYNA, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), xanthurenic acid and QUIN was assessed after an acute intrastriatal injection of their common bioprecursor, [5- 3 H]kynurenine. In all three age groups, the acute insult resulted in a shift towards enhanced KYNA formation, as indicated by 2–4 fold decreases in the 3HK/KYNA and QUIN/KYNA ratios in ibotenate-treated striata. At later post-lesion intervals, age-specific several-fold changes were observed in the flux through both the KYNA and QUIN branches of the kynurenine pathway. With aging, kynurenine conversion to QUIN and especially to 3HK, became increasingly more prominent, though KYNA synthesis was substantially activated as well. The acute toxin-induced changes in kynurenine metabolism, the propensity of the lesioned immature striatum to increase KYNA production preferentially, and the pronounced lesion-induced long-term increases in cerebral KYNA, 3HK and QUIN formation may participate in the modulation of NMDA receptor function following injury. In particular, changes in the production of these kynurenine pathway metabolites may play a role in mechanisms involved in endogenous neuroprotection, delayed neurodegeneration and regenerative processes.
ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF (n,2n) CROSS SECTIONS AT 14.1 Mev

Absolute ($n, 2n$) cross sections have been obtained by counting double-pulse events in a 240-gal cadmium-loaded liquid scintillator. The detection efficiency was determined experimentally using a spontaneous fission source and known values of $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. Conventional methods were used to measure the absolute neutron flux. Cross sections were measured for C, N, F, V, Fe, Cu, Ag, Ta, Cd, Au, Pb, Bi, D, and Be. The values in barns are: C, 0.006\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006; N, 0.019\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010; F, 0.062\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009; V, 0.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05; Fe, 0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04; Cu, 0.76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06; Ag, 1.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13; Ta, 2.64\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20; Cd, 1.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14; Au, 2.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20; Pb, 2.74\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20; Bi, 2.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19; D, 0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02; Be, 0.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04. The ($n, 2n$) cross sections for the last six elements are, within error, equal to the nonelastic cross sections. Nuclear temperatures were calculated.
Inversion-free discrimination of unexploded ordnance in real time

ESTCP live-site UXO classification results are presented for cued data collected with two advanced EMI instruments, the cart-based 2 × 2 3D TEMTADS array and the Man Portable Vector (MPV) handheld sensor, at the former Camp Beale in California. There were two sets of targets of interest (TOI): the main set consisted of 105-mm, 81-mm, 60-mm, 37-mm and ISO projectiles, and the other (optional) set comprised site-specific fuzes and fuze fragments of varous sizes. The advanced models used for inversion and classification combine: 1) a joint-diagonalization (JD) algorithm that estimates the number of potential targets generating an anomaly directly from the measured data without need for inversion; 2) the ortho-normalized volume magnetic source (ONVMS) model, which locates targets, represents their EMI responses, and extracts their intrinsic feature vectors; and 3) a Gaussian mixture algorithm that uses extracted discrimination features to classify the corresponding buried objects as TOI or clutter. Initially the data are inverted using a combination of ONVMS and the differential evolution direct-search algorithm; this allows the determination of relevant intrinsic parameters, which in turn are classified by a mixture of clustering and library-matching techniques. This paper describes in more detail the main steps of the classification process and demonstrates the results obtained for the 2 × 2 3D TEMTADS and MPV data taken at Camp Beale, as scored independently by the Institute for Defense Analyses. The advanced models are seen to produce superb classification in both cases.
The design and analysis of a four-cage grid mooring for open ocean aquaculture

Abstract In an effort to expand open ocean aquaculture operations, a submerged, four-cage grid mooring system was designed, analyzed and deployed in 52 m of water at an exposed site maintained by personnel at the University of New Hampshire. Mooring system geometry, subsurface flotation and pretension requirements were specified using analytical techniques, which included standard chain catenary equations and equilibrium analysis. Mooring gear and ground tackle were sized, in part, by modeling the designed system using a finite element program. The model included representations of potential sets of mooring gear and four Sea Station™ submersible cages (totaling 7200 m3 of containment volume). Numerical simulations were performed using a wave height of 9 m, wave period of 8.8 s and a current of 1 m/s as input. Using the results of the simulations, along with practical experience, a system design load of 178 kN was obtained. The design load was used to specify mooring components and the gear was deployed during the summer of 2003. The species being raised in the system include Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Future work will incorporate the development of automated, high capacity feeding systems for servicing submerged cages, harvesting systems and uniquely engineered support vessels.
Phase and Microstructure Morphologies in Combustion Synthesized Nb-Al-B Composites

Results of an experimental study on unidirectional wave combustion synthesized Nb-Al-B composite alloys are described. The effect of combustion initiation temperature and composition on the microstructural morphology and phases is studied. Correlations with the initial parameters and reaction velocities have been sought to understand the kinetics of the rate controlling step for sustained combustion and for the explanation of the synthesized microstructures. Strategies for controlling the distribution of the reinforcement phases (both ductile and hard) in the composite are discussed.
A note on compressive limiting for two‐material flows

In this short note we describe a simple extension to the multi-material shock-capturing algorithm presented in (J. Comput. Phys. 2007; 223:262–297) that can be used to maintain sharp material interfaces. The method takes the form of an artificial compression which is designed so that the material indicator jumps across only a few cells but which does not excite physical instabilities in the flow. The advantages of the approach include its simplicity and flexibility in that it provides a parameter that effectively determines the captured interface thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles and distributed energy resources on power distribution systems

The utility industry is expecting a proliferation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). This has prompted increasing interest in evaluating the potential impacts of PEVs on power distribution system planning and operations, as well as in proposing mitigation approaches that allow their seamless integration. In addition, there is a noticeable growth in the number of solar photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) being interconnected to distribution feeders in North America and other regions. The rising penetration of PV-DG may also lead to important impacts on power distribution systems, particularly due to the intermittent nature of its output caused by cloud cover. As an emerging technology, Distributed Energy Storage (DES) aims to improve the reliability, efficiency, and controllability of the power distribution system and to facilitate the integration of distributed generations. This paper discusses the integration of all these technologies from a technical perspective and investigates how DES may be used as a means for mitigating the impacts of PEV charging and PV-DG interconnection. Results of simulations conducted on an actual distribution feeder are presented and discussed.
Patterns of Change in Scholastic Aptitude Test Performance among Academically Talented Adolescents.

The Schalastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores of 640 gifted adolescents attending an academic summer residential program were analyzed. Of special interest were the scores of 169 (26.4%) students who had taken the test more than once. Average test‐ retest score gains were large — 89.8 points on the math, and 70.2 points on the verbal portions of the SAT. Growth seemed largely compensatory, with greater achieved scores in their initial area of weakness. Nevertheless, students maintained greater achieved scores in their initial area of strength, and maintained their rank ordering among their peers over repeated test administrations. Implications for targeted educational programs are discussed.
Influence of diameter on particle transport in a fractured shale saprolite

Abstract Experiments in an undisturbed, saturated column of weathered and fractured shale saprolite using fluorescent carboxylate-coated latex microspheres as tracers indicate that particle diameter plays a major role in controlling transport. In this study the optimum microsphere diameter for transport was approximately 0.5 μm. Microspheres larger than the optimum size were present in the effluent at lower relative concentrations, apparently because of greater retention due to gravitational settling and/or physical straining. The smaller than optimum microspheres also experienced greater retention, apparently related to their higher rates of diffusion. Faster diffusion can lead to more frequent collisions with, and attachment to, fracture walls and may also lead to movement of particles into zones of relatively immobile pore water in the fractures or in the fine pore structure of the clay-rich matrix between fractures. Dismantling of the soil column and mapping of the distribution of retained microspheres indicated that there was substantial size-segregation of the microspheres between different fractures or in `channels' within a fracture. Examination of small core samples showed that the smallest microspheres (0.05–0.1 μm) were present in the fine pores of the matrix at distances of up to 3–4 mm from the nearest fracture, which supports the hypothesis that small particles can be retained by diffusion into the matrix. Calculations of settling velocity and diffusion rate using simple 1D approaches suggest that these processes could both cause significant retention of the larger and smaller particles, respectively, even for the fast advective transport rates (up to 32 m/day) observed during the experiments.
Teaching of Thermodynamics: Innovation in Design for ABET

In this paper the methodologies by which thermodynamic theory can be developed to permit design of experiments are discussed. This approach is both innovative in itself and pedagogically sound in that the student learns to design while learning the important theoretical topics. This technique uses mathematical as well as engineering concepts that are relatively simple and yet very educational. The equipment to be used and the details of the design then become the designer’s choice and are limited only by the person’s own imagination, creativity, and innovative thinking and the physical laboratory resources available at a given institution. This methodology shows what is to be measured and what kind of results are to be expected. Since design is incorporated into this thermodynamics course, then it can be assessed for its design content as well as engineering science coverage in the ABET 2000 evaluations.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Performance metric development for a group state estimator in airborne UHF GMTI applications

This paper describes the development and implementation of evaluation metrics for group state estimator (GSE, i.e. group tracking) algorithms. Key differences between group tracker metrics and individual tracker metrics are the method used for track-to-truth association and the characterization of group raid size. Another significant contribution of this work is the incorporation of measured radar performance in assessing tracker performance. The result of this work is a set of measures of performance derived from canonical individual target tracker metrics, extended to characterize the additional information provided by a group tracker. The paper discusses additional considerations in group tracker evaluation, including the definition of a group and group-to-group confusion. Metrics are computed on real field data to provide examples of real-world analysis, demonstrating an approach which provides characterization of group tracker performance, independent of the sensor's performance.
Applying the Appraisal Theory of Emotion to Human-Agent Interaction

When people interact with one another, there is a series of conscious and unconscious evaluations used to judge the situation in order to determine an emotional response. This research examines whether the emotional appraisals that individuals use when interacting with other humans, can be applied to human-agent interactions, and whether the attributes of the non-human agent affect the nature of these appraisals. Participants work with one of three non-human teammates to accomplish a series of tasks. These agents are a real dog, a robotic dog (Sony AIBO), and a nondescript robot (Lego NXT). Participants' emotional reaction is measured through subjective questionnaires, physiological data (EKG & galvanic skin response), and vocal analysis. Taken together this set of measurements forms a detailed picture of how humans react emotionally to agents during their task interaction. It is predicted that agent form will influence participants' appraisals and emotional reactions. Language: en
The use and benefit of stereology in choosing a CT scanning protocol for the lung

When a patient is examined at different times using different protocols, how can we know whether the observed differences in the area or volume estimate are due to the patient, the protocol, or both? Specifically, we ask what is the smallest difference in lung volume that can be computed reliably when two sets of CT data are acquired by varying the number and thickness of the slices, but while holding constant the in-plane resolution. The accuracy and precision of the total lung volume estimates are calculated based on the principles of stereology using uniform design sampling. Comparisons of the lung volume estimate based on fewer slices using stereological principles are employed. A formal test made of the hypothesis that the use of fewer slices can yield satisfactory precision of the lung estimate. It is known that estimation of lung volume based on CT images is sensitive to the acquisition parameters used during scanning: dose, scan time, number of cross-sectional slices, and slice collimation. Those parameters are very different depending on the lung examination required: routine studies or high-resolution detailed studies. Thus, if different protocols are to be used confidently for volume estimation, it is important to understand the factors that influence volume estimate accuracy and to provide the associated confidence intervals for the measurements.
Physiological constraints on bromoform (CHBr3) production by Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta)

Physiological factors affecting bromoform (CHBr3) production by Ulva lactuca were investigated using metabolic inhibitors and presumed substrates of bromoperoxidase (BrPO). The metabolic inhibitors were used at a verified physiologically active concentration. Bromoform production was nearly tripled in the light (376 ± 92 pg cm−2 h−1) compared to the dark (114 ± 70 pg cm−2 h−1), was inhibited in the light in the presence of the photosynthetic inhibitor DCMU, and was inhibited in the dark in the presence of mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor rotenone. Removal of H2O2 from seawater (treatment with catalase) decreased CHBr3 production in the light and dark. Addition of H2O2 to incubations at either 1.0 mM or 100 µM significantly decreased CHBr3 production in the light and inhibited photosynthesis. In the dark, CHBr3 production was decreased and respiration inhibited in the presence of 1 mM H2O2; CHBr3 production was enhanced and respiration was not affected in the presence of 100 µM H2O2. Removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawater decreased CHBr3 production, as did the addition of alternative BrPO substrates. These results suggest the presence of an extracellular and intracellular BrPO that protects the alga from both internally produced and externally present H2O2. The results show that H2O2 produced as a result of photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, presumably by superoxide dismutase, is available to BrPO for bromination, and that the bromination of an unidentified metabolite (presumably Βߚketo acids) and a component of DOM leads to the production of volatile polybromomethanes.
Derivatives of perhydrofuro[2,3‐c]pyridin‐2‐one

Synthetic approaches to the preparation of perhydrofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-2-one derivatives as analogs of pilocarpine are reported. Derivatives of the desired ring system were obtained from iodolactonization of the appropriate tetrahydropyridyl esters.
Patagonian shelf 3D tide and surge model

Abstract The southwest Atlantic continental shelf, often referred to as the Patagonian shelf, is notable for the large amplification of the oceanic tides towards the coast. Here, strong currents caused by pressure gradients across headlands generate horizontal and vertical shear when the tide reverses, and also regions of high energy dissipation by bottom friction where enhanced vertical mixing produce fronts. Other major features in the region are the Falkland–Malvinas Current (FMC) and wind-driven currents and surges, which are induced by strong westerly winds and the frequent passage of low pressure centers. The model is forced at the open boundary by the combination of eight major tidal constituents (M 2 , S 2 , K 2 , N 2 , K 1 , O 1 , P 1 , and Q 1 ), and the mean sea surface elevation from the Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (FRAM) is added to reproduce the FMC. Wind-driven currents and surges are simulated by specifying wind stresses at 6-h intervals, derived from a set of re-analysed data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
p120-CATENIN: A NOVEL REGULATOR OF INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION

p120-Catenin is the prototypic member of a subfamily of armadillo repeat domain proteins. Like its structural homologues, β- and γ-catenin, p120-catenin is an essential component of adherens junctions in endothelial cells and other polarized adherent cells. p120-Catenin binds directly to the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin and contributes to the regulation of cell-cell junctional integrity. Studies have demonstrated that p120-catenin plays important roles in cell-cell adhesion, embryonic development, cell proliferation and polarity, tumor cell migration, and cancer progression. However, recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective, suggesting that p120-catenin is implicated in the anti-inflammatory responses in the absence and presence of infection. This review summarizes the present knowledge and recent progress toward elucidating the novel role of p120-catenin in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation.
Superlattices of II VI semiconductors

Abstract Superlattices and microstructures involving II–VI semiconductors have been the subject of a great deal of interest for application to optoelectronics in the infrared and visible. The techniques of material fabrication provided by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) make it possible for us to conceive of a number of new structures that could have application in the optoelectronics arena. Superlattices and heterojunction structures involving some of the wide band gap II–VI compounds such as CdTe, ZnTe, and ZnSe could bring to reality the dream of making wide band gap visible light emitters.
LATE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO CORRECTION OF ISOLATED PULMONARY STENOSIS BY OPEN OPERATION DURING PULMONARY BYPASS.

A group of 25 patients was studied by cardiac catheterization before and after open operation for isolated pulmonary stenosis by direct vision with use of cardiopulmonary bypass Organic infundibular obstruction, when present, was resected. The hypertrophied infundibulum, when it constitutes a severe obstruction, must also be resected. The average right ventricular systolic pressure preopratively was 124 mm. Hg and postoperatively it was 35 mm. Hg. The average gradient across the pulmonary valve preoperatively was 99 mm. Hg and postoperatively it was 17 mm. Hg, a mean decrease of 82 mm. Hg. The long-term hemodynamic response was distinctly superior in this group of patients operated upon under total bypass when compared with a similar series operated upon by us with a closed transventricular approach. The specific diagnosis of lesions causing obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle is particularly crucial in selecting an operative approach if open operation by inflow stasis is utilized. Careful r...
Impedance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Cu-Ceria-YSZ Anodes for SOFCs

The performance of electrodes in direct-utilization, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been studied on anode-supported and electrolyte-supported cells using impedance spectroscopy, coupled with calculations of the potential distribution in the electrolyte. The cells in these studies were composed of a Cu-ceria-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode, a YSZ electrolyte, and a Sr-doped LaMnO 3 (LSM)-YSZ cathode and were operated at 983 K using both H 2 and n-butane as fuel. Both calculations and experiments show that three-electrode measurements on anode-supported electrolytes, with the reference electrode opposite the anode, provide no additional information over two-electrode measurements and cannot be used to estimate the performance of individual electrodes. Three-electrode measurements were able to estimate anode and cathode performance on thick, electrolyte-supported cells, with symmetric placement of the working electrodes. However, both experiments and calculations demonstrate that differences in the kinetics of the two electrodes make perfect separation of anode and cathode processes difficult. The cathode performance of LSM-YSZ in these experiments was described by a single arc in the Cole-Cole plot, with a frequency of 2 kHz and a resistance of 0.4 Ω cm 2 . The performance of the anode in H 2 was also characterized by a single arc, with a frequency of 4 Hz and a resistance of 0.8 Ω cm 2 . While anode performance in H 2 is only weakly dependent on current density, nonlinear processes are observed with n-butane, so that the area-specific resistances depend strongly on the current density.
Effects of sex hormones on development of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in male and female rats

Previous studies have demonstrated a role for sex hormones in maintaining normal heart weight and myosin isoenzyme balance in the rat. To determine if sex hormones were necessary to elicit cardiac adaptations to the chronic loads of swimming or hypertension, female rats were gonadectomized (X) and then exposed either to a chronic swimming program (Sw) or to renal hypertension for 8-10 wk. Because gonadectomy in females increased heart and body weight, separate groups of food-restricted sedentary and Sw gonadectomized females (XFR) were included. Swimming resulted in significant increases in both heart weight and in the percent ventricular V1 isomyosin in female controls (C), X, and XFR. Hypertension was studied in C, X, and X with estrogen replacement. Cardiac hypertrophy developed in all groups, but estrogen therapy attenuated the decline in percent V1 isomyosin in both normotensive and hypertensive X animals. Swimming, which is generally not associated with cardiac hypertrophy in males, was also studied in that sex. Gonadectomy did not alter either the heart weight or the myosin isoenzyme response to Sw, although testosterone replacement in gonadectomized males restored ventricular V1 myosin levels to or above normal. Measures of serum thyroid levels and of myocardial catecholamines failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between these hormones and the various results. Therefore, although sex hormones are important for maintaining normal heart weights and myosin isoenzyme balance in rats, they do not appear to be important in the adaptations hearts exhibit when exposed to physiological or pathological loads.
Responsibilities of Authorship

(CHEST 2007; 132:2042–2045) P ublishing is a necessary fact of life for researchers, required for both promotion opportunities and continued funding. For collaborative projects, the pressure to publish can lead to tension among legitimate coauthors over the order of authorship and to abuse of the process by researchers wishing to pad their resumes. Prospective authors may also feel pressure to manipulate their data or misrepresent their findings to increase the likelihood that a given manuscript will be published or to make the results more palatable to their funders. Guidelines to help determine what constitutes authorship and the responsibilities of authorship are therefore needed. Fortunately, such guidance is available.
Test data compression using dictionaries with selective entries and fixed-length indices

We present a dictionary-based test data compression approach for reducing test data volume in SOCs. The proposed method is based on the use of a small number of ATE channels to deliver compressed test patterns from the tester to the chip and to drive a large number of internal scan chains in the circuit under test. Therefore, it is especially suitable for a reduced pin-count and low-cost DFT test environment, where a narrow interface between the tester and the SOC is desirable. The dictionary-based approach not only reduces test data volume but it also eliminates the need for additional synchronization and handshaking between the SOC and the ATE. The dictionary entries are determined during the compression procedure by solving a variant of the well-known clique partitioning problem from graph theory. Experimental results for the ISCAS-89 benchmarks and representative test data from IBM show that the proposed method outperforms a number of recently-proposed test data compression techniques. Compared to the previously proposed test data compression approach based on selective Huffman coding with variable-length indices, the proposed approach generally provides higher compression for the same amount of hardware overhead.
Morbidly Adherent Placenta: Ultrasound Assessment and Supplemental Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Morbidly adherent placenta or placenta accreta is being increasingly encountered in obstetrical practice mainly owing to the increasing rates of cesarean delivery. This condition is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality resulting from postpartum hemorrhage. When unsuspected, outcomes can be catastrophic to the pregnant woman. Timely diagnosis during the antenatal period, on the contrary, allows for optimal planning of a multidisciplinary management approach and delivery at a tertiary care institution. A higher index of suspicion in those at greatest risk such as in women with placenta previa and with history of some prior cesarean deliveries should lead to diligent antenatal evaluation for possible placenta accreta. Management of invasive placenta implantation often involves cesarean delivery hysterectomies; uterus-sparing alternatives to manage this condition can be an option in selected cases. Ultrasound imaging remains the modality of choice for the diagnosis. This review article discusses the ultrasound image findings in placenta accreta, its limitations and pitfalls, and the supplemental role of magnetic resonance imaging in the imaging evaluation of placenta accreta.
Sunscreen Use and the Risk for Melanoma: A Quantitative Review

Background Originally developed to protect against sunburn, sunscreen has been assumed to prevent skin cancer. However, conflicting reports include claims that sunscreen increases risk for melanoma. Objective To examine the strength and consistency of associations between melanoma and sunscreen use in the published literature. Data sources A comprehensive MEDLINE search of articles published from 1966 to 2003 that reported information on sunscreen use and melanoma in humans. Study selection Analytic studies reporting data on sunscreen use before diagnosis of melanoma. Data extraction Two independent reviewers extracted data. Inconsistencies were rereviewed until agreement was achieved. When necessary, a third party resolved discrepancies. Data synthesis Odds ratios were pooled across studies by using standard meta-analytic techniques. Pooled odds ratios for ever use among 18 heterogeneous studies did not support an association between melanoma and sunscreen use. Variation among odds ratios was explained by studies that did not adjust for confounding effects of sun sensitivity. The lack of a dose-response effect with frequency of use (never, sometimes, or always) or years of use provided further evidence of a null association. Conclusions No association was seen between melanoma and sunscreen use. Failure to control for confounding factors may explain previous reports of positive associations linking melanoma to sunscreen use. In addition, it may take decades to detect a protective association between melanoma and use of the newer formulations of sunscreens.
Social Media and Health Care: An Overview

In our "e-society," social media are pervasive, rapidly evolving, and increasingly influencing the health care landscape. In fact, it is becoming more important that all health care providers understand the basic function of social media processes including what they are, who uses them, what they can be used for, and how they might affect one's practice. Social media are now integrated in many individuals' daily routines, and there is no question that social media are changing the way patients communicate with each other. For example, patients compare notes on support groups, new investigations, treatments, and even physicians and thus continue to take an active role in their health care [1]. With the continued growth of social media, physicians in practice and health care delivery organizations must understand this phenomenon and how it may be used in a positive way to connect with patients. It is beyond the scope of this article to explore in detail the types, uses, and impact of social media, but the authors will present a brief overview that covers the basics of how social media are being used in health care and beyond.
Landfill Site Selection: A Microcomputer Expert System

Sanitary landfills are common facilities for waste disposal. The process of designating a location as a landfill requires extensive studies of biogeochemical and hydrologic characteristics of all potential sites. This process demands a considerable amount of empirical inputs, expert opinions, and heuristic rules. A site selection process can be modeled only by incorporating the available empirical and expert rules into our decision making process. This task can be accomplished in the framework of knowledge-based expert systems. A prototype expert system for site selection is presented. The rules are based on U.S. EPA documents for ranking of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites for remedial actions. They include rules concerning ground water routes, local climate, waste characteristics, planned features of the proposed landfill facility, and targets at risk. The above model is programmed with the aid of Insight 2+, which is a microcomputer shell program.
Adverse health consequences of US Government responses to the 2001 terrorist attacks

Summary In response to the attacks on Sept 11, 2001 (9/11), and the related security concerns, the USA and its coalition partners began a war in Afghanistan and subsequently invaded Iraq. The wars caused many deaths of non-combatant civilians, further damaged the health-supporting infrastructure and the environment (already adversely affected by previous wars), forced many people to migrate, led to violations of human rights, and diverted resources away from important health needs. After 9/11 and the anthrax outbreak shortly afterwards, the USA and other countries have improved emergency preparedness and response capabilities, but these actions have often diverted attention and resources from more urgent health issues. The documentation and dissemination of information about the adverse health effects of these wars and about the diversion of resources could help to mitigate these consequences and prevent their recurrence.
Martial on Patronage and Literature

Martial wrote about himself and his participation in the everyday life of Rome more than any other extant poet of the post-Augustan Principate. More particularly, dozens of his epigrams describe the life of the ordinary client and his treatment by great and often arrogant patrons. Unfortunately for social and literary historians, however, Martial was writing satirical epigrams, not autobiography. Consequently, his poetry cannot be taken at face value as a direct reflection of Roman life. With regard to literary patronage, the difficulties of interpretation have allowed modern scholars to reach diametrically opposed conclusions. One editor and commentator baldly labelled Martial ‘a chronic beggar’ who ‘despite his numerous friends and the many patroni to whom he paid court,…dragged on a hand-to-mouth existence’. In a recent and more detailed study, on the other hand, Martial is portrayed as a man of independent means, who looked to his powerful amici not for financial support so much as for help in publicizing his work and for protection in literary squabbles.
A Message from the Laboratory Community to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IV

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)5. Adult Treatment Panel IV (ATP IV) is poised to release its guidelines on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults for comments by the scientific and medical communities. We briefly summarize the current status of lipid and lipoprotein testing in the US. Since its inception in 1985, the NCEP has recognized the value of accurate and precise lipid and lipoprotein testing for the effective implementation of its mission to lower morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in the US by reducing the percentage of Americans with high blood cholesterol. The NCEP Laboratory Standardization Panel and the Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement were established to assess the status of lipid and lipoprotein testing, develop means to improve these measurements, and create analytical performance goals to meet clinical needs. This program provided a comprehensive approach to the measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). The recommendations developed by this panel and working group were based on data and information generated by the CDC Lipid Standardization Program. The latter program also helped in implementing the NCEP recommendations by providing for standardization of lipid measurements performed for patient care and ensuring accurate measurements in research studies (1, 2). The resulting improvements in the accuracy and precision of these laboratory measurements allowed the effective implementation of NCEP guidelines and enabled the monitoring of its success (3, 4). In the 1980s and 1990s, clinical laboratories measured HDL-C by precipitating apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins and assaying the cholesterol component of HDL in the supernatant. LDL-C concentrations were estimated with the Friedewald calculation (5). Laboratory methods have evolved over the past 2 decades, and according to a recent College of American Pathologists (CAP) survey, nearly all clinical …
Synthesis, structure, and magnetism of an f element nitrosyl complex, (C5Me4H)3UNO.

(C5Me4H)3U, 1, reacts with 1 equiv of NO to form the first f element nitrosyl complex (C5Me4H)3UNO, 2. X-ray crystallography revealed a 180° U–N–O bond angle, typical for (NO)1+ complexes. However, 2 has a 1.231(5) A N═O distance in the range for (NO)1– complexes and a short 2.013(4) A U–N bond like the U═N bond of uranium imido complexes. Structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic data as well as DFT calculations suggest that reduction of NO by U3+ has occurred to form a U4+ complex of (NO)1– that has π interactions between uranium 5f orbitals and NO π* orbitals. These bonding interactions account for the linear geometry and short U–N bond. The complex displays temperature-independent paramagnetism with a magnetic moment of 1.36 μB at room temperature. Complex 2 reacts with Al2Me6 to form the adduct (C5Me4H)3UNO(AlMe3), 3.
Increased stereotypy in conditional Cxcr4 knockout mice

Chemokines play important roles in the central nervous system, including mediating neuroinflammation and guiding the intracortical migration of interneurons during development. Alteration in parvalbumin-positive interneurons is a key neuropathological hallmark of multiple mental conditions. We recently reported a significant reduction in the expression of CXCL12 in olfactory neurons from sporadic cases with schizophrenia compared with matched controls, suggesting a role for CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling in mental conditions. Thus, we depleted the chemokine receptor Cxcr4 from mice using the parvalbumin-2A-Cre line. The conditional knockout mice exhibited a unique behavioral phenotype involving increased stereotypy. Stereotypy is observed in many psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, autism, and dementia. Thus, the Cxcr4 conditional knockout mice may serve as a model for this symptomatic feature.
On the Use of Response Chunking as a Tool to Investigate Strategies

In this perspective we suggest that chunking can be used as an investigative tool to determine the characteristics of other cognitive phenomena. We present an example of the usefulness of chunking multiple responses to aid in understanding object switch costs. Switch costs refer to the shorter response times for manipulation of the same item on two trials in a row compared to a switch between items. It is presently unclear if this result is due to structural or strategic processes. We provide a short review of past literature on switch costs and a proof-of-concept example that chunking may shed new light on this topic. We examined this question with boxes filled with numbers to be arithmetically updated and memorized. A situation in which there were two response items to be manipulated per trial eliminated or reversed the switch cost effect. We suggest that participants use a strategy in which the two output responses were chunked together, making it unfeasible to prepare separately for a repetition of the most recent item as participants do in other circumstances. Our data suggest that even a well-studied phenomenon can benefit theoretically from the use of chunking as a research tool.
Implications of Graphic Organizers in an Age of Social Media

The term graphic organizer has become so commonplace in teaching that the meaning of the term, as well as the rationale for why the strategy works, has become lost. Revisiting the general concept of an advance organizer is an opportunity to consider the essential teaching act. There is a difference between “using a graphic organizer” in a particular lesson and “graphically organizing concepts for students” as an epistemological stance. The transformation in practitioners' use of the term from representing a photocopied handout to representing the essential act of making meaning by situating things within the context of a learner's already acquired background knowledge is obviously constructivist, and it has never made more sense than in the current age of social media.
Abstract 781: Bioconversion of curcumin and its analog byBeauveria bassianaATCC 7159

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Curcumin (1), a chemopreventive agent from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was incubated with the microbial cultures of Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Bioconversion of \[(1E, 6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione\] (1) with B. bassiana afforded five major metabolites: 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (2), 3-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-ene (3), 1,2,6,7-diepoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-3,5-diol (4), 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-1-ene (5) and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3,5-diol (6). The biotransformation of the synthetic analog 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (7) by B. bassiana afforded the reduced diol 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3,5-diol (6) as the only metabolite. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 781.
Multi-view clustering via joint nonnegative matrix factorization

Many real-world datasets are comprised of different representations or views which often provide information complementary to each other. To integrate information from multiple views in the unsupervised setting, multiview clustering algorithms have been developed to cluster multiple views simultaneously to derive a solution which uncovers the common latent structure shared by multiple views. In this paper, we propose a novel NMFbased multi-view clustering algorithm by searching for a factorization that gives compatible clustering solutions across multiple views. The key idea is to formulate a joint matrix factorization process with the constraint that pushes clustering solution of each view towards a common consensus instead of fixing it directly. The main challenge is how to keep clustering solutions across different views meaningful and comparable. To tackle this challenge, we design a novel and effective normalization strategy inspired by the connection between NMF and PLSA. Experimental results on synthetic and several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Lithium changes the ectodermal fate of individual frog blastomeres because it causes ectopic neural plate formation

Amphibian blastulae that are treated with lithium (Li) develop into embryos that consist almost exclusively of head structures. This dramatic change in embryogenesis may occur either because Li selectively kills trunk progenitors or because Li causes trunk progenitors to become head progenitors. To distinguish between these possibilities, we compared the fates of individual frog blastomeres between Li-treated embryos and normal embryos using lineage tracers. The results demonstrate that Li causes ventral midline cells, which normally populate large amounts of trunk, to produce many head structures, including the brain. Examination of fluorescently labeled clones in living Li-treated gastrulae shows that: (1) the ectodermal members of the clones migrate normally, and chordamesodermal involution begins normally; (2) the chordamesoderm's later involution is altered such that it is confined to the vegetal hemisphere; (3) accordingly, the neural plate forms in the vegetal hemisphere, circumscribing the blastopore, which normally gives rise to the cloaca; and (4) the ectodermal progeny of the ventral midline blastomeres that are near the blastopore populate the brain because they are induced by the stalled chordamesoderm to form part of the ectopic neural plate. These results demonstrate that Li, administered during a short developmental window at early cleavage stages, ultimately alters ectodermal fate because it changes the pattern of chordamesodermal involution during gastrulation, which in turn changes the site of neural plate formation.