cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Right Upper Lobe Sleeve Resection

Bronchoscopy shows endobronchial involvement, and preoperative biopsies are performed to confirm the histology of the lesion and to determine the local extent of disease. The most common malignancy requiring sleeve resection is squamous cell carcinoma; however, sleeve resection may also be performed in patients with endobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, carcinoids, or bronchial adenomas. The bronchoscopic appearance that is most amenable to sleeve resection is a tumor emanating from a segmental orifice (apical, posterior, or anterior), with extension into the right main bronchus that would preclude standard lobectomy. Involvement of the right main bronchus with tumor usually requires pneumonectomy. Biopsy of the adjacent bronchial mucosa is performed to assess the extent of mucosal extension. Preoperative pulmonary function testing is considered in determining the extent of resection. In most patients with endobronchial lesions in the right upper lobe, the obstructed lobe contributes little to pulmonary function and sleeve resection results in minimal loss of pulmonary reserve. Pulmonary function testing remains important in predicting complications and is essential in considering whether a pneumonectomy would be tolerated. Quantitative ventilation and perfusion scans may be required to assess the expected loss of pulmonary function after resection in patients with proximal endobronchial lesions.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Stimulation and Desensitization of Free α-Subunit Secretion Mirrors Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Perifused Rat Pituitary Cells

A pulsatile pattern of hypothalamic GnRH stimulation is necessary for the maintenance of pituitary LH and FSH secretion, with continuous GnRH leading to a decrement in response. Although the physiological pattern of free alpha-subunit secretion closely mimics that of LH, several reports have indicated that free alpha-subunit is not desensitized by continuous GnRH stimulation. To explore the basis of this phenomenon, we have evaluated the responses of all three gonadotrope secretory products to carefully coordinated administration of pulsatile and continuous GnRH in a dispersed rat pituitary perifusion system. Sensitivities (ED50) to GnRH fell within a narrow range for free alpha-subunit (11.5 nM), LH (12.9 nM), and FSH (17.3 nM), although a greater mass of LH than free alpha-subunit or FSH was released after each pulse of GnRH. The response to a standard GnRH pulse (10 nM) administered every 15, 30, or 120 min for 9 h was very stable, with no evidence of priming, summation, or loss of response. LH, FSH, and free alpha-subunit did, however, show significantly (P less than 0.05) higher pulse amplitude with longer interpulse intervals. In contrast to previous observations in vivo, the three gonadotrope secretory products showed parallel desensitization in response to continuous infusions of GnRH. This loss of response was significant (P less than 0.05) after exposure to as little as 0.1 (FSH) to 0.5 nM (LH and alpha-subunit) GnRH for 2 h or to higher concentrations of GnRH (10 nM) for as little as 15 min (LH, FSH, and alpha-subunit). These concentrations and durations of GnRH stimulation are within the range of values measured in vivo. We conclude that 1) free alpha-subunit, LH, and FSH have similar concentration and frequency responses to pulsatile GnRH, although the absolute amount of hormone released is different for each secretory product; 2) the frequency of pulsatile GnRH stimulation can function as an independent determinant of secretion for each of the three products; and 3) in contrast to observations in vivo, free alpha-subunit, LH, and FSH secretion desensitize similarly after exposure to concentrations or durations of GnRH that may occur in vivo. These observations raise the possibility that desensitization plays a role in the physiological regulation of gonadotrope secretion.
Superoxide induces protein oxidation in plasma and TNF-α elevation in macrophage culture: Insights into mechanisms of neurotoxicity following doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Abstract Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a quality of life-altering consequence of chemotherapy experienced by a large percentage of cancer survivors. Approximately half of FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs are known to produce ROS. Doxorubicin (Dox), a prototypical ROS-generating chemotherapeutic agent, generates superoxide (O 2 − •) via redox cycling. Our group previously demonstrated that Dox, which does not cross the BBB, induced oxidative damage to plasma proteins leading to TNF-α elevation in the periphery and, subsequently, in brain following cancer chemotherapy. We hypothesize that such processes play a central role in CICI. The current study tested the notion that O 2 − • is involved and likely responsible for Dox-induced plasma protein oxidation and TNF-α release. Addition of O 2 − • as the potassium salt (KO 2 ) to plasma resulted in significantly increased oxidative damage to proteins, indexed by protein carbonyl (PC) and protein-bound HNE levels. We then adapted this protocol for use in cell culture. Incubation of J774A.1 macrophage culture using this KO 2 -18crown6 protocol with 1 and 10 µM KO 2 resulted in dramatically increased levels of TNF-α produced. These findings, together with our prior results, provide strong evidence that O 2 − • and its resulting reactive species are critically involved in Dox-induced plasma protein oxidation and TNF-α release.
Observation of optical coupling in arrays of microcavity plasmas

Arrays of glass microplasma devices afford the opportunity to study plasma and optical interactions between a single element and its neighbors. Recently, evidence of coupling phenomena between adjacent microplasmas has been reported in these arrays of microplasma devices.1
Anatomical guided segmentation with non-stationary tissue class distributions in an expectation-maximization framework

High quality segmentation of brain MR images is a challenging task. To deal with this problem many automatic segmentation methods rely on atlas information of anatomical structures. We will further investigate this line of research by introducing hierarchical representations of anatomical structures in an expectation-maximization like framework. This new approach enables us to divide a complex segmentation scenario into less difficult sub-problems reducing the scenario's statistical complexity. We will demonstrate the method's strength by segmenting a set of brain MR images into 31 different anatomical structures as well as comparing it to other methods.
Parents' Evaluation of the Usability of a Web Site on Recommended Practices

This article describes parents' evaluation of a Web site intended to provide practical information about recommended practices such as activity-based or embedded instruction to families whose young children have disabilities or are at developmental risk. Twenty-one parents from 10 states conducted an online evaluation of the site, SPIES for Parents, judging its content and ease of use. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results indicated that the Internet can be an effective medium for disseminating information about recommended practices to families. The parent group found the Web site to be helpful, useful, and responsive to their needs and time constraints. Although they said that textual information was easy to access, some parents did note that they experienced technological problems in downloading video.
DETERMINING CHARACTER POLARITY IN DIATOMS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

An alternative approach to the exclusive use of fossils in determining polarity of character states in diatoms is presented. Principles of the method known as outgroup comparison are discussed. An example using features of sexuality and the relative number and morphology of chloroplasts is offered, and differences in polarity suggested by the fossil and outgroup methods compared. Based on the outgroup criterion, oogamy and many, small discoid chloroplasts found in most centric diatoms are considered derived, while isogamy and few large, plate-like chloroplasts found in many pennate diatoms are considered primitive. Although the centric diatoms may occupy a position that stratigraphically pre-dates the pennates, they appear to possess derived features of sexuality and chloroplasts.
Maturation of guinea pig tracheal strip stiffness.

Previously, we showed the shortening velocity of guinea pig tracheal strips was the greatest in juvenile (3-wk-old) compared with infant (1-wk-old) and adult animals (3-mo-old). The greatest shorte...
National Endowment for the Humanities Institutes for Second-Language Teachers: The Purdue Model

As a result of the findings by the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, the attention of the entire country focused on America's monolingualism. The report of the Commission postulated that part of the problem stems from ineffective language instruction in our schools. A solution to this dilemma might be in-service opportunities, such as intensive summer institutes funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The format and content of two highly successful four-week sessions conducted at Purdue University to help meet the needs of practicing secondary school teachers of French, German, and Spanish is described and is proposed as a model for similar programs elsewhere.
Index grating lifetime in photorefractive GaAs

The index grating lifetime in liquid encapsulated Czochralski-grown undoped semi-insulating GaAs was measured using a beam coupling technique. The largest lifetime measure was about 8 s under a read beam intensity of 0.7 mW/sq cm with the grating periodicity being 0.63 microns. The measured value decreases to milliseconds as the read beam intensity and the grating periodicity increase to about 10 mW/sq cm and 4 microns, respectively. This range of grating lifetime in this material is adequate for its use in real-time spatial light modulators, reconfigurable beam steering devices, and dynamic memory elements, for optical computing. In addition, the results suggest that the lifetime is sensitive to residual imperfections in the crystal.
Application of Macrolamination Technology to Lean, Premixed Combustion

Macrolamination, a novel manufacturing technique, is used to develop a dual-fuel premixer. A spatially distributed injection strategy is used to enhance fuel placement, distribution, and mixing inside the premixer. Parametric studies are conducted with different configurations of the premixer to determine the effects of residence time and nozzle configuration on pollutant emissions and flame stability. Diesel fuel (DF-2) and natural gas are used as fuels. Tests are conducted at a pressure of 400 kPa (5 atmospheres), and an inlet air temperature of 533 K. The pollutant emissions and RMS pressure levels are presented for a relatively wide range of nozzle velocities (50-80 m/s) and equivalence ratios (0.54-0.75). These results indicate very good pollutant emissions for a prototype design. These results also indicate that the time-lag model, previously associated with combustion oscillations for gaseous-fuel applications, also applies to liquid-fuel operation.
More Than One Million New American Indians in 2000: Who Are They?

More than one million people reported their race as American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) in the 2000 U.S. census but did not do so in the 1990 census. We ask three questions. First, which subgroups had the greatest numerical growth? Second, which subgroups had the greatest proportional increase? And third, are the 2000 single-race AIANs and the 1990 AIANs the same set of people? We use full-count and high-density decennial census data; adjust for birth, death, and immigration; decompose on age, gender, Latino origin, education, and birth state; and compare the observed subgroup sizes in 2000 with the sizes expected based on 1990 counts. The largest numerical increases were among adolescent and middle-aged non-Latinos, non-Latino women, and adults with no college degree. Latinos, women, highly educated adults, and people born in Eastern states had the largest proportionate gains. The ability to report multiple races in 2000 and the new federal definition of “American Indian” may have especially affected these groups, although personal-identity changes are probably also involved. We find that thousands of new Latino AIANs reported only one race in 2000, but many 1990 AIANs reported multiple races in 2000. Thus, the 1990 AIANs and 2000 single-race AIANs are not always the same individuals.
Paramics Simulation of Periodic Oscillations Caused by Network Geometry

Traffic oscillations such as stop-and-go waves in a traffic system can occur for a variety of reasons, such as instabilities. This paper describes a study of a type of periodic oscillations caused by network geometry with a microscopic simulation model, Paramics. With careful tuning in Paramics, periodic oscillations in which traffic states change periodically between a diverging junction and a merging junction are successfully simulated. The formation process is discussed in detail. The study suggests that, given an appropriate network structure and traffic conditions, the local oscillations caused by randomness in car-following and lanechanging models in Paramics can be maintained and can become periodic and global. Finally, the consistencies between a macroscopic kinematic wave model and Paramics are discussed, and future research topics and the implications of the findings of the study are presented.
Optimal Subsequence Bijection

We consider the problem of elastic matching of sequences of real numbers. Since both a query and a target sequence may be noisy, i.e., contain some outlier elements, it is desirable to exclude the outlier elements from matching in order to obtain a robust matching performance. Moreover, in many applications like shape alignment or stereo correspondence it is also desirable to have a one-to-one and onto correspondence (bijection) between the remaining elements. We propose an algorithm that determines the optimal subsequence bijection (OSB) of a query and target sequence. The OSB is efficiently computed since we map the problem's solution to a cheapest path in a DAG (directed acyclic graph). We obtained excellent results on standard benchmark time series datasets. We compared OSB to Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) with and without warping window. We do not claim that OSB is always superior to DTW. However, our results demonstrate that skipping outlier elements as done by OSB can significantly improve matching results for many real datasets. Moreover, OSB is particularly suitable for partial matching. We applied it to the object recognition problem when only parts of contours are given. We obtained sequences representing shapes by representing object contours as sequences of curvatures.
The effects of lethal selection on the EST-6 to PGM region of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster.

A powerful means of studying the effects of selection on chromosome segments in Drosophila melanogaster has been described by Clegg et al. (1976, 1978). This method utilizes a recessive lethal, dominant visible allele whose selection dynamics can be accurately modelled to predict the fates of nonlethal alleles at linked loci. Results of these experiments indicate that strong epistatic interactions among loci occur that affect fitnesses associated with gametic types in the basal region of chromosome 3. We have used similar methods in studying a different segment of chromosome 3, that spanned by Est-6 (3–36.8) and Pgm (3–43.4), with the aim of determining whether the results of Clegg and his colleagues could be reproduced when a different region was studied. Our experiment showed that selection did operate on a region of the chromosome marked by Pgm, but that no evidence of selection at loci marked by Est-6 was apparent. Weak evidence for epistatic interactions among loci within the marked region was also found. Three possible explanations for the discrepancies between our experiments and those of Clegg et al. are suggested. First, the geographically homogeneous origin of our populations may preclude selectively significant changes as a result of recombination. Second, the results seen by Clegg et al. may have been unique to the regions they studied, which included the basal heterochromatin of the chromosome. Finally, the three loci employed may not adequately mark the unit of selection, so that actual departures from predictions of selective neutrality may not have been apparent.
Choline: Critical Role During Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults

■ Abstract Choline is an essential nutrient needed for the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes; for normal cholinergic neurotransmission; for normal muscle function; for lipid transport from liver; and it is the major source of methyl groups in the diet. Choline is critical during fetal development, when it influences stem cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby altering brain and spinal cord structure and function and influencing risk for neural tube defects and lifelong memory function. Choline is derived not only from the diet, but from de novo synthesis as well. Though many foods contain choline, there is at least a twofold variation in dietary intake in humans. When deprived of dietary choline, most men and postmenopausal women developed signs of organ dysfunction (fatty liver or muscle damage), while less than half of premenopausal women developed such signs. Aside from gender differences, there is significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by very common genetic polymorphisms.
Research funding expectations as a function of faculty teaching/administrative workload

Abstract Background Persistent faculty shortages at US pharmacy schools make faculty recruitment and retention a perennial priority. The literature indicates that a key retention issue is whether the faculty member's scholarship is compromised because of a heavy teaching or service workload. Objective Assess US pharmacy faculty perceptions concerning their views of appropriate expectations of research grant support given their teaching/administrative workloads. Methods Data and opinions were collected using a multiple-choice, cross-sectional survey instrument (SurveyMonkey ® ; Menlo Park, CA), e-mailed to 1047 faculty members, randomly selected from all Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education (ACPE)-accredited US pharmacy schools. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ® (Chicago, IL) for Windows, Version 17.0. Results Of the researcher respondents, a majority felt that the amount of teaching expected was too much to be a competitive researcher. Teaching commitment was found more likely to increase than decrease after achieving tenure. Reported new faculty start-up funding was well below that typically found at nonpharmacy research schools. Conclusions This information is anticipated to help pharmacy faculty members gauge their workload and productivity relative to a national peer group, and to help pharmacy schools improve in faculty recruitment and retention. The survey findings may assist pharmacy schools in clarifying reasonable teaching and funding expectations for pre- and post-tenure faculty, which in turn may help attract more pharmaceutical scientists to academic pharmacy positions.
Anatomical Factors Associated with Overuse Sports Injuries

Overuse injuries develop when repetitive stress to bone and musculotendinous structures damages tissue at a greater rate than that at which the body can repair itself. A combination of extrinsic factors, such as training errors and environmental factors, and intrinsic or anatomical factors, such as bony alignment of the extremities, flexibility deficits and ligamentous laxity, predispose athletes to develop overuse injuries. Malalignment of the lower extremity, including excess femoral anteversion, increased Q angle, lateral tibial torsion, tibia vara, genu varum or valgum, subtalar varus and excessive pronation are frequently cited as predisposing to knee extensor mechanism overuse injuries. These and other forms of malalignment have also been implicated in iliotibial band syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, lower extremity stress fractures and plantar fasciitis. Muscle inflexibility aggravates and predisposes to the development of a variety of overuse injuries, especially those occurring in children and adolescents, including the traction apophysitises. Flexibility deficits may be improved by an appropriate stretching programme. Unfortunately, lower extremity malalignment is less amenable to intervention. Orthotics are often prescribed to improve lower extremity alignment. However, studies have not shown that orthotics have any effect on knee alignment and, while they can alter subtalar joint alignment, the clinical benefit of this remains unclear. Awareness of anatomical factors that may predispose to overuse injuries allows the clinician to develop individual prehabilitation programmes designed to decrease the risk of overuse injury. In addition, the clinician can advise the athlete on the importance of avoiding extrinsic factors that may also predispose to overuse injury.
Boric acid induces cytoplasmic stress granule formation, eIF2α phosphorylation, and ATF4 in prostate DU-145 cells

Dietary boron intake is associated with reduced prostate and lung cancer risk and increased bone mass. Boron is absorbed and circulated as boric acid (BA) and at physiological concentrations is a reversible competitive inhibitor of cyclic ADP ribose, the endogenous agonist of the ryanodine receptor calcium (Ca+2) channel, and lowers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [Ca2+]. Low ER [Ca2+] has been reported to induce ER stress and activate the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway. Here we report that treatment of DU-145 prostate cells with physiological levels of BA induces ER stress with the formation of stress granules and mild activation of eIF2α, GRP78/BiP, and ATF4. Mild activation of eIF2α and its downstream transcription factor, ATF4, enables cells to reconfigure gene expression to manage stress conditions and mild activation of ATF4 is also required for the differentiation of osteoblast cells. Our results using physiological levels of boric acid identify the eIF2α/ATF pathway as a plausible mode of action that underpins the reported health effects of dietary boron.
Problems perceived by adults in adhering to a prescribed diet.

Content analysis of inter views with 21 subjects regarding their adherence to prescribed diabetic diets showed the following problems in order of fre quency of mention: self- discipline, influence of other persons, impact of events, control of emo tions, lack of material resources, self-image, and time constraints.
Monopole Flux Limits from the Soudan I Experiment

We have searched for magnetic monopoles using the Soudan I proton decay detector, located 600 meters underground on the 23rd level of the Soudan Mine1. The detector consists of 3,456 proportional tubes arranged in 48 layers of 72 tubes each, embedded in heavy, iron-rich concrete. The proportional tubes use a gas mixture of 91% argon and 9% carbon dioxide. Alternate layers are oriented orthogonally, to provide complimentary two-dimensional views (see Fig. 1). Additionally, the individual tubes are staggered vertically to provide better coverage. The tubes are 2.8 cm in diameter and spaced by 4 cm in each dimension. They are 2.9 meters long. Overall, the detector is 2.9 m by 2.9 m by 2.0 m tall, and has a total mass of 31.4 tons. By weight, its composition is 57% iron, 29% oxygen, 13% calcium, and 1.2% hydrogen. It is surrounded on the top and four sides by scintillation counters which serve as an active shield.
Improvement of Primary Writing Tremor in Parkinson's Disease with Carbidopa/Levodopa.

Background: Primary writing tremor is a task-specific phenomenon that has been described as variants of essential tremor or dystonia. Phenomenology Shown: We describe the case of a 63-year-old female who initially had primary writing tremor, later developed Parkinson’s disease, and once initiated on carbidopa/levodopa had improvement in her parkinsonism and her writing tremor. Educational Value: As neither essential tremor nor typical brachial dystonia respond to carbidopa/levodopa, our case documents that at least some cases of primary writing tremor are not variants of either dystonia or essential tremor.
Consumer Ethnocentrism: An Exploratory Study of Influencing Factors

Influencing factors that have emerged onto the forefront of international market research include consumer ethnocentrism (CE) and country of origin (COO), and to a lesser extent, consumer world-mindedness (CW), consumer patriotism (CP), and level of conservatism exhibited by consumers (CC). These factors and their determinants become important to marketers who are always trying to uncover the nature and extent of the influences in order to devise appropriate marketing and advertising plans. Keeping in mind this task of marketers, the study presented here examines the relationships between CW, CP, CC and CE, and in turn, outlines how this might impact COO evaluations and subsequent purchase behaviors.
Men, Women, Taxes, and Ethics

Following the events of September 11, 2001, and the recession that was finally acknowledged last year, the debate has intensified over how, and how much, to cut income taxes. The main point of contention in this omnipresent debate centers on what income groups will receive the greatest benefit from any proposed tax cuts, and whether these benefits are warranted for the greater good. Who are the rich? Do they pay their fair share of taxes? What is a fair share of taxes? These are the types of questions that Republicans and Democrats, mothers and fathers, housewives and lawyers, have debated for years. Everyone seems to have an opinion on questions of these sorts and those opinions are often based on a person's specific circumstances, such as socio-economic status, age, level of education, and even gender. It has been long acknowledged that men and women have different attitudes toward any number of issues, including various ethical and public policy issues. Do these differences extend to issues involving taxation? Will men and women from the same socio-economic background have differing attitudes about the fairness of the current tax system in the United States, or the acceptability of cheating on taxes? The focus of this report is to clarify and specify differences of opinion and attitude between men and women on these and related issues.
Copulatory behavior and related phenomena in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) and hopping mice (Notomys alexis)

Spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus , are unusual muroid rodents in that females produce spontaneously active corpora lutea during estrous cycles. Their copulatory behavior is characterized by an incipient lock, no intravaginal thrusting, multiple intromissions preceding ejaculation, and multiple ejaculations, but with a low number of ejaculations per test. Hopping mice, Notomys alexis , are unusual with respect to the small testis size, reduced complement of accessory glands, and large penile spines, all of which combine to predict a locking pattern of copulation. As predicted, hopping mice display a true lock. They also display a lack of both intravaginal thrusting and multiple intromissions, and generally cease copulating with the occurrence of the first lock. These and supplementary data can be combined to generate a prediction of monogamy in the field for hopping mice and a similar, but much weaker, tendency for spiny mice.
Virulence Patterns and Phage Sensitivity of Indian Isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae

One hundred sixty one isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae from 38 rice growing areas of India were tested for their virulence reaction on 4 differential rice varieties, and their lysotype reaction against 7 isolates of the bacteriophage. BJ 1 possessed the broadest spectrum of resistance to the isolates followed by Malagkit Sungsong, and Early Prolific. Taichung (Native) 1 was susceptible to all except 2 isolates. Considerable variation in virulence was demonstrated among the isolates, but there was no evidence for the existence of races. Variation in lysotype reaction to the bacteriophages was extensive.
A critical evaluation of subjective ratings: Unacquainted observers can reliably assess certain personality traits

Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more efficient than codings. One potential limitation for the use of ratings is that it is assumed that long-term observers or experts in the field are required to score individuals. This can be problematic in many cases, especially for long-term ecological studies where there is high turnover in personnel. We tested whether raters who were unacquainted with subjects could produce reliable and valid personality assess- ments of yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris. Two raters, previously unacquainted with individuals and marmot be- havior, scored 130 subjects on fifteen different adjectives in both open-field (OF) and mirror image stimulation (MIS) trials. Eight OF and nine MIS adjectives were reliable as indicated by both a high degree of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Additionally, some ratings were externally valid, correlating with behavioral codings. Our data suggest that activity/exploration and sociability can be a reliable and valid measurement of personality traits in studies where raters were unacquainted with sub- jects. These traits are observable with the personality tests we used; otherwise researchers using unacquainted raters should be cautious in the tests they employ (Current Zoology 60 (2): 162-169, 2014).
Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection on animals and related 16S rRNA gene analysis in Zhejiang province

2003年Kawahara等[1]从日本Mikura岛野生褐家鼠中分离得到新埃立克体.在此之前,已有研究在荷兰蓖子硬蜱和中国广州褐家鼠中检测到相似的16S rRNA[2,3].2010年,瑞士首次报道在1例患淋巴细胞白血病的发热患者血中检测到米库尔新埃立克体16S rRNA基因[4],之后德国2例严重发热患者被确诊为米库尔新埃立克体感染[5].2008年在中国浙江野生啮齿动物中也检测到米库尔新埃立克体16S rRNA基因(GenBank登录号:HM439431).本研究对浙江省动物米库尔新埃立克体的自然感染状况及分子生物学特性进行分析. 关键词：米库尔新埃立克体;核糖体RNA
Rapid measurement of brain macromolecular proton fraction with transient saturation transfer MRI.

Purpose To develop an efficient MRI approach to estimate the nonwater proton fraction (f) in human brain. Methods We implement a brief, efficient magnetization transfer (MT) pulse that selectively saturates the magnetization of the (semi-) solid protons, and monitor the transfer of this saturation to the water protons as a function of delay after saturation. Results Analysis of the transient MT effect with two-pool model allowed robust extraction of f at both 3 and 7 T. This required estimating the longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1,MP and R1,WP ) for both proton pools, which was achieved with the assumption of uniform R1,MP and R1,WP across brain tissues. Resulting values of f were approximately 50% higher than reported previously, which is partly attributed to MT-pulse efficiency and R1,MP being higher than assumed previously. Conclusion Experiments performed on human brain in vivo at 3 and 7 T demonstrate the ability of the method to robustly determine f in a scan time of approximately 5 min. Magn Reson Med 77:2174-2185, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Spectral selectivity applied to hybrid concentration systems

Abstract Spectral selectivity applied to hybrid quantum/thermal solar systems can improve the overall conversion efficiency of concentrated solar energy. The solar spectrum can be separated into spectral regions or windows matched to specific photoquantum processes and the balance used for photothermal conversion. Higher conversion efficiencies can then be maintained in the photo-quantum converter while photons inefficient for its use can be channeled directly to a thermally decoupled photothermal loop at an elevated temperature. Various quantum conversion processes utilizing different portions of the spectrum can also be optically coupled through the use of spectral selectivity in a quantum/quantum hybrid solar system. The basic approaches of spectrally selective beamsplitters (SSBS) using dichroic filters and liquid absorption filters developed by the authors are presented. Various SSBS quantum/thermal hybrid systems are discussed. A detailed analysis is developed for one example, a spectrally selective hybrid photovoltaic/photothermal concentrating system. The analysis shows definite benefits of a spectrally selective approach.
PoisNor: An R package for generation of multivariate data with Poisson and normal marginals

ABSTRACTIn this article, the operational details of the R package PoisNor that is designed for simulating multivariate data with count and continuous variables with a prespecified correlation matrix are described, and examples of some important functions are given. The data-generation mechanism is a combination of the “NORmal To Anything” principle and a recently established connection between Poisson and normal correlations. The package provides a unique and useful tool that has been lacking for generating multivariate mixed data with Poisson and normal components.
Maintaining Hispano Identity Through the Santa Fe Fiesta: Re-Appropriating Key Symbols and Resisting Anglo Dominance

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the struggle between outside commercial interests and Hispano insiders to determine the significance and purpose of an annual community celebration, the Santa Fe Fiesta. In the hands of Anglo boosters, the first fiesta of 1919 appropriated Southwestern cultures to lure Anglo settlers and tourists to a developing new state. Over the course of the twentieth century, however, Hispanos have gradually re-appropriated the event as a Hispano tradition celebrating Hispanos' pride in their conquistador heritage and in their founding of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Indeed, Hispano efforts to traditionalize the fiesta only intensified as tourism and gentrification by Anglos transformed Santa Fe throughout the 1990s. Hispanos' efforts to re-appropriate the fiesta have centered significantly on two key symbols of the fiesta—the historic figure of Don Diego de Vargas, and the recent Anglo addition, the Fiesta Queen. An analysis of Hispanos' traditionalizing the figure of the queen reveals the f...
Stable Matching Beyond Bipartite Graphs

Binary matching in bipartite graphs and its extensions have been well studied over the decades. A stable matching (or marriage) seeks to establish a stable binary pairing of two genders, where each member in a gender has a preference list for the other gender. In addition, all members are paired (also called perfect matching), with one selection made from each gender. Gale and Shapley showed that a stable marriage exists for any set of preferences in any complete and balanced bipartite graphs. However, stable matching may not exist in a non-bipartite graph represented by a complete graph (i.e. single gender), as shown in the stable roommates problem. In this paper, we study binary matching in complete and balanced k-partite graphs with an even number of members, and show that except when k = 2, preference lists always exist under which a stable binary matching does not exist. We use a solution for the stable roommates problem to illustrate the matching identification process if one exists. Under a natural extension of pairwise stability for binary matching to k-ary matching, we show that stable k-ary matching exists for any preference lists in any complete and balanced k-partite graphs. Here, we assume that there is a strict preference order of the members over all individual members from different genders, as opposed to preference order over a combination of members from different genders used in existing multi-dimensional extensions. An extended Gale-Shapley algorithm is introduced, together with various implementations, to determine such a stable k-ary matching. A parallel implementation is also proposed to speed up the matching process. In the extension, we further propose a weakened unstable condition for k-ary matching and show the existence of stable k-ary matching.
A multi-faceted approach to job placement for improved performance on extreme-scale systems

Job placement plays a pivotal role in application performance on supercomputers. We present a multi-faceted exploration to influence placement in extreme-scale systems, to improve network performance and decrease variability. In our first exploration, Scores, we developed a machine learning model that extracts features from a job's node-allocation and grades performance. This identified several important node-metrics that led to Dual-Ended scheduling, a means of reducing network contention without impacting utilization. In evaluations on the Titan supercomputer, we observed reductions in average hop-count by up to 50%. We also developed an improved node-layout strategy that targets a better balance between network latency and bandwidth, replacing the default ALPS layout on Titan that resulted in an average of 10% runtime improvement. Both of these efforts underscore the importance of a job placement strategy that is cognizant of workload mixture and network topology.
Host Per2 clock gene mutation in the cancer host slows transplanted lung and colon Per2-replete tumor growth

2526 Previous studies in our laboratory found an association between increased expression of the α2β1 integrin, a collagen and laminin receptor, and orderly regulated proliferation of epithelial cells. In vitro studies suggested that the lack of α2β1 integrin resulted in altered branching of mammary epithelial cells in 3-dimensional collagen gels. Based on these data we hypothesized that the α2β1 integrin was important for the normal development of the mammary gland and that mice lacking expression of the α2 integrin subunit (α2-null) would manifest defects in branching morphogenesis. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of the α2β1 integrin in the mouse mammary gland development using the α2-null mouse. To test our hypothesis mammary glands from virgin female α2-null and wild type (WT) mice were collected at 4-, 6-, 8-, 10- and 12 weeks of age. Total RNA was isolated from the second and third mammary gland and used for microarray and RT-PCR analysis. Mammary gland morphogenesis was evaluated using whole mount preparation of the fourth mammary gland stained with carmine aluminum. The architecture of the mammary gland including the number of branches and branch points was analyzed using Metamorph image software (Molecular Devices Corporation, PA). High magnification (20X) images were used to determine the average diameter of the ducts. Low magnification images (1X) were obtained to determine the total length of duct per breast, the branch points per length, the average length of the major segment and the average length of the branches. Mammary glands of α2-null mice showed a marked delay in penetration into the mammary fat pad at 4 and 6 weeks of age due to a 3-fold increase in epithelial cell apoptosis and a 2-fold decrease in epithelial cell proliferation. However, by 8-12 weeks the extent of penetration of the α2-null mammary gland into the fat pad was equivalent to that of the WT. In fact, the α2-null mammary branches showed increased tertiary branch points when compared with the WT mice. In addition, the diameter of the mammary ducts was 1.5-2 fold greater in the α2-null gland when compared to the WT at 8-12 weeks of age. To evaluate changes in gene expression that may contribute to the observed alterations in mammary gland development we evaluated the expression of other integrins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s). RT-PCR analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of the α3, α5, α6, αv, β1, β3, β4, and β5 integrin subunits or MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 or MMP-14 between α2-null and WT mammary glands. In conclusion, α2-null mice demonstrated a delay in mammary gland growth at early stages of development, increased apoptosis and decreased Ki-67 expression at 4 weeks, and an increased of tertiary branch points and increased mammary duct diameter at 8-12 weeks of age. In addition, studies are ongoing to define the role of α2β1 integrin in breast cancer initiation, progression and metastasis.
Do Weather Changes Affect Veterans’ Outpatient, Pain Management Clinic Attendance?

Adherence to appointments has been found to be a strong predictor of successful chronic disease self-management, yet up to 30% of health appointments are missed. Many factors have been found to influence attendance, including not having enough time, transportation issues, lack of childcare, administrative errors, and inclement weather. The current study investigated weather indices as possible factors related to missed appointments among patients who suffer from chronic pain. In a five-year longitudinal study, 911 Veterans participated in a patient pain education program. Attendance was tracked and weather indices were recorded for the day before, the day of, and the day after class. Significant associations were found between attendance and wind-chill for the day of and temperature change for the day after class. No other weather indices, seasonality, nor education class topic were found to influence attendance in this study. Although pain was not measured directly, findings may offer some support for pain sensitivity as it relates to weather predictability, as attendance for classes was lower when a significant temperature change occurred the day after class. These findings have important clinical implications for Veterans with chronic pain conditions, as weather is often implicated as barrier. We recommend future studies take efforts to measure pain levels, and conduct individual analysis on demographic information, pain history, and mental health history to identify other possible obstacles.
Head CT findings at a public hospital in rural Haiti.

Abstract Background Neuroimaging is often unavailable in low-income countries, creating challenges for precise diagnosis of neurologic disease in individual patients, and impeding acquisition of precise neuroepidemiologic data for program and policy development. Methods We analyzed reports from 3614 head CTs performed between July 2013 and January 2016 at Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, a public academic hospital in rural Haiti, extracting patients' age, study indication, and radiologic findings. Results The most common indications for head CT were headache (27%), trauma (19.9%), abnormal neurological exam (12.2%), and stroke (11.3%). The most common categories of neurologic abnormalities were traumatic (31%), vascular (25.8%), and infectious (12%). Of 291 strokes, 64% were ischemic (median age at diagnosis 60.8 years, SD 17.4) and 36% were hemorrhagic (median age 52.0, SD 15.5). In patients undergoing head CT for seizures or epilepsy, 17.5% had evidence of neurocysticercosis. In patients with head trauma, 42.6% had intracranial hemorrhage or fracture. Atrophy was noted on 10% of CTs (median age 57.1; SD 23.8), and was characterized as out of proportion to age in 2% (median age 34.1, SD 15.3). Conclusions Median age of stroke patients in this rural low-income population is lower than in high-income countries and proportion of stroke due to intracerebral hemorrhage is higher. Neurocysticercosis is present in nearly one fifth of patients with seizures/epilepsy. These findings can inform policies and programs for prevention and treatment of neurologic disease in low-income settings.
A Systematic Approach to Exploring College and Career Readiness Program Needs within High-Poverty Urban Public Schools.

This quantitative correlational study was designed to investigate whether the core and enrichment college readiness program needs within high-poverty urban schools significantly varied with respect...
Primary calcitonin-secreting neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx - Case report and update on current terminology

Abstract Primary calcitonin-secreting neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx is a rare neuroectodermal neoplasm currently classified as moderately differentiated (atypical carcinoid/WHO classification) neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx. Due to the rarity of these tumors at this location as well as their distinctive histologic and immunophenotypic features, they often raise significant diagnostic difficulties in biopsy specimens. We present a 57-year-old woman with persistent and gradually worsening pharyngeal pain for approximately one year duration, who was found to have a lesion limited to the right aryepiglottic fold. Final pathology showed moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Due to calcitonin positivity and coexistence of a thyroid nodule, the tumor raised the differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. A practical approach to pathologic diagnosis of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors and discussion of clinical management is provided.
Hepatic Heterogeneity and Attenuation on Contrast-Enhanced CT in Patients With the Hypovolemic Shock Complex: Objective Classification Using a Contemporary Cohort

Objective When objectively measured on computed tomography (CT), does hepatic heterogeneity or overall liver attenuation predict the presence of shock? Methods This retrospective study included 73 patients (mean age 33 years) with the hypoperfusion shock complex (HSC) on CT (cases) and 100 patients (mean age 43 years) with negative trauma CT scans (controls). Liver heterogeneity was calculated by using consistently sized regions of interest (ROIs) to measure the 2 highest and the 2 lowest areas of hepatic density (in Hounsfield units [HU]). The difference between the means of the 2 highest and 2 lowest ROIs was considered the heterogeneity. Attenuation was calculated using the mean of 3 randomly placed ROIs. Both heterogeneity and attenuation were then compared between cases and controls. Results Median hepatic heterogeneity was 16.8 HU (IQR: 10.7-23.4) for the HSC group and 9.0 HU (IQR: 7.0-10.4) for the controls (P Conclusions Increased hepatic heterogeneity may represent an objective marker of the HSC that performs in a similar manner to other established signs. By comparison, overall hepatic hypoattenuation is a poor indicator of the HSC.
Detection of Lane-Change Events in Naturalistic Driving Videos.

Lane changes are important behaviors to study in driving research. Automated detection of lane-change events is required to address the need for data reduction of a vast amount of naturalistic driv...
Towards Teaching a Normative Ethics: Or, Ethics Even an Economist Can Accept

This article presents a new method of teaching ethics in economics based on recent developments in game theory. Economics traditionally divides normative questions from positive questions, and relies only on the Pareto principle to distinguish good actions and policies from bad ones in answering the former. The traditional presentation of ethics as constraints on behavior makes it hard to justify ethics normatively using only the Pareto principle. Binmore (1994, 1998) instead presents ethics as coordinating conventions in games with multiple equilibria, in which all players gain from coordination. The author adds a discussion of stability to Binmore's presentation to construct a normative argument in favor of ethical or fair behavior, based only on the Pareto principle. The author describes teaching this material in a course on economics and game theory, and proposes ways to implement discussions of ethics at other points in the economics curriculum.