cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction and reversion of asparagine auxotrophs in CHO-K1 and V79 cells.

Two asparagine-dependent clones (2002-103 and 2002-109) were obtained from CHO-K1 cells by treatment with EMS followed by a BrdU-black light selection procedure; an additional ASP− clone (2293-343) was isolated similarly from V79-56 cells. All three clones show a low rate of spontaneous reversion which is increased somewhat by exposure to EMS. Two of the variant clones (2002-103 and 2002-109) are converted in high frequency to asparagine independence by treatment with 5-azacytidine, while 2293-343 cells show no significant induction after similar exposure. All threeASP − clones were found by hybrid analyses to belong to the same complementation group. Treatment of hybrids constructed between 2002-103 or 2002-109 × 2293-343 with 5-azacytidine resulted in high-frequency induction of asparagine independence. Thus, the potential for response to 5-azacytidine in such hybrids by reversion to asparagine independence is dominant or codominant, with no suppressor effect in hybrids from the nonresponsive parent line.
Characterizing and Modeling the Hydrolysis of Polyamide-11 in a pH 7 Water Environment

Multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) is used to monitor changes in molecular weight during solid state aging of polyamide-11 (PA-11). A mathematical model is presented which successfully describes the degradation kinetics of PA-11 in pH 7 water. The MALLS results demonstrate that there is a recombination reaction in the solid state, which may be described as a cage effect during hydrolysis−degradation of the amide bond. During aging, the competing recombination and hydrolysis reactions lead to the formation of an equilibrium molecular weight. The equilibrium molecular weight is surprisingly high at about 26 000 in pH 7 water, a value close to the ductile−brittle transition. The activation energy of hydrolysis is 81 to 87 kJ/mol, close to the values of previous acid degradation studies and a recent value of 96 kJ/mol for hydrolysis of the peptide amide bond.
Reduced-voltage operation of a surface-elastic-wave amplifier

Experimental results obtained from a surface-wave amplifier using a segmented-drift-field electrode structure are reported. It is shown that significant electronic gain can be obtained at a much lower voltage than that required for conventional surface-wave amplifiers.
A study of satellite channel utilization in the presence of rain attenuation in Florida

Rain attenuation is the most dominant cause of signal degradation in satellite links operating at Ka-band. This is a particularly serious issue for ground terminal stations located in a sub-tropical region such as state of Florida. Presently, most rain compensation algorithms are based on the use of a fixed, large fade margin to combat occasional deep fades. However, the use of a fixed margin, especially for a rainy region, results in an inefficient use of channel capacity for a high percentage of the time. This paper uses an adaptive rain fade counter-measure based on the effective utilization of the channel capacity for several Florida locations with links operating in the Ka-band. In order to determine the outage rates both in terms of channel capacity and BER, Manning's (1990) rain attenuation prediction model, based on the rain history of the transmitting and receiving stations has been employed. >
Multiresonant coherent multidimensional spectroscopy.

Multiresonant coherent multidimensional spectroscopy is a frequency-domain method that uses tunable excitation pulses to excite multiple quantum coherences (MQCs) and/or state populations using fully coherent or partially coherent excitation pathways. Pairs of states that are coupled by intra- and intermolecular interactions re-emit light at their frequency differences. The MQCs are coherent and interfere constructively to create phase-matched output beams. Scanning the excitation frequencies with fixed-excitation-pulse time delays creates multidimensional spectra, whereas scanning the time delays with fixed excitation frequencies measures the MQCs’ coherent and incoherent dynamics. Multiresonant methods can excite any combination of vibrational and/or electronic states and use any coherence pathway. Cross-peaks occur between states when the excitation of one perturbs the other. This requirement for coupling acts to eliminate spectral congestion. Spectral resolution is increased because multiresonant meth...
The House and the Federal Role: A Computer Simulation of Roll-Call Voting

Much of the business of the U.S. Congress in the post war period has involved issues concerning the size and scope of activities of the federal government. The legislation in this area can be traced, for the most part, to measures which originated during the period of the New Deal in response to the Great Depression and to measures enacted during World War II to meet the short-run exigencies attendant to rapid economic and social mobilization. From the point of view of the expansion of the federal role, the Eisenhower years are of some moment. While they marked a lull in the expansionist trend witnessed under the Democratic presidencies of Roosevelt and Truman, their significance lies in the fact that despite the change in adminsitrations, there was no reversal of the policies begun during the Roosevelt years. While most of the Republican legislators were on record in opposition to the expansion of the federal role, the failure of the Republican Party to introduce and enact legislation to reverse the trend of federal expansion resulted in a new plateau of federal activity from which the congressional dialogue was to proceed during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. While the 87th Congress, meeting during Kennedy's first two years in the White House, did not enact the quantity of legislation expanding the federal role that Kennedy had called for in his inaugural, In the 88th Congress both parties supported a larger federal role to a greater extent than they had previously. In fact the first sessions of the 88th Congress as it bears on the federal role has been summed up as follows: “At no time did the majority of both parties reject a larger federal role.” (Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 1963, p. 724) With two exceptions, the statement holds true for the second session in 1964.
Macrocycle Complexation Chemistry. 29. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [CuCl(18-thiacrown-6)]n

Abstract The room temperature single-crystal structure of [CuCl(18-thiacrown-6)]n is reported. The polymeric structure crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with two formula units per unit cell. The cell dimensions are a = 9.905(2), b = 10.408(2), c = 11.335(2) A, α = 64.40(1), β = 64.30(1), γ = 82.47(1)[ddot] with a density of 1.61 gem−3. The structure was refined to conventional R values of 0.025 and, R w = 0.026. The asymmetric unit contains one copper(I) ion, one chloride ion and two half molecules of two unique crown ether molecules, each of which resides around a crystallographic centre of inversion. The Cu(I) geometry is a distorted tetrahedron with three sulfur atoms (two from one thiacrown molecule and one from the other unique ether) and one chloride ion forming the vertices. As a result of the inversion symmetry one molecule bonds in a bidentate fashion to two Cu ions and the other bonds to two Cu ions in a unidentate fashion. The resulting complex is polymeric, propagating along a. The ...
Liver metastases are enhanced in homozygous deletionally mutant ICAM-1 or LFA-1 mice

Abstract Background. Adhesion molecules play an integral role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and have been shown to influence the immune response to malignant cells. The interaction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) is important for the adhesion of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In order to explore the role of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction in liver metastases, we utilized homozygous deletionally mutant (gene knockout) mice for ICAM-1 or LFA-1 which had been derived from the C57BL6/J background. Materials and methods. Wild-type C57BL6/J mice were used as controls. Animals were anesthetized and underwent a 1-cm midline lower abdominal incision. The ileocolic vein was identified and B16 melanoma cells (10 4 ) were injected. The incisions were closed with skin clips. Two weeks following surgery, mice were sacrificed and their livers resected for gross and histological analysis. Results. LFA-1 deficient mice developed 13 times the number of metastases compared to wild-type controls and ICAM-1 deficient mice developed 7 times that number [13.5 ( n = 17) vs 1.0 ( n = 19) and 36 ( n = 10) vs 5.0 ( n = 16), P values of 0.0003 and 0.0002 by Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, respectively]. Histologically, multiple areas of inflammatory cells consisting of T-cells and macrophages were noted in wild-type mice. Only sparse inflammatory cells were noted surrounding the metastases in the null mice. Conclusions. Liver metastases of the B16 melanoma are markedly enhanced in ICAM-1 null and LFA-1 null mice. The ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction is crucial to the immune response to liver metastases.
Are Institutions the Answer? Mitigating Sectarian Protest in Divided Nations

Ethnic violence has increased expon entially in the decad es fol- lowing World War II. As such, it is imperative that cures fo r the unique ills found in divided societies be discovered. This article seeks to quantitatively investigate the effici ency o f fo rmal political institutions in curbing ethni- cally-bas ed violent protest in divided societies. As such, the dependent vari- able is the level of violent protest, while the independent variables include: a parliamentary system o f governm ent, a proportional rep res entation electo ral system, and a federated system. It is my contention that such institutions will significantly lessen incidents of ethnically-motivated violent protest. In ad- dition, this article concludes with suggestions for fu rther research in examin- ing institutional structures and ethnic con flict. The third wave of democratization has ushered in a global movement toward de- mocracy and the creation of newly independent states. However, the transitions to democracy have not always been peaceful. For all its excitement and reported bene- fits, this wave of democratization has coincided with an increase in ethnic conflict, particularly in the developing world (Gurr 1993). In order to quell the increase in sectarian violence it is necessary to explore which political institutions moderate vio- lent protest in multi-ethnic societies. By moderating violent protest, it is hoped that more wide-ranging ethnic violence will be prevented. In all societies, institutions serve as structures which govern human interactions and behavior. Douglass North defines institutions as "the rules of the game in a soci- ety or, more formally, (institutions as) the humanly devised constraints that shape hu- man interaction" (2004: 3). There are few societies that are more in need of strong institutional structures to ensure stability than those with numerous conflicting ethnic groups. Only through the implementation of specifically designed political institu- tional structures can a state limit violence between ethnicities. T wo paradigms stand at the fore of institutional design in multi-ethnic societies: the consociational and majoritarian models of democracy. The consociational model contends that, in divided societies, a system of consensus between actors is para- mount in the policy-making process. The institutions created in a consociational de- mocracy recognize ethnic divisions as autonomous entities and make those cleavages "the basis for rule in decision making, territorial division of power, and public poli- cies" (Caspersen 2004: 570). Some political institutions found in the consociational model include a power-sharing government, a proportional representation system, and some degree of federalism.
Execution of the auxin replacement apical dominance experiment in temperate woody species

The classic Thimann-Skoog or auxin replacement apical dominance test of exogenous auxin repression of lateral bud outgrowth was successfully executed in both seedlings and older trees of white ash, green ash, and red oak under the following conditions: (1) decapitation of a twig apex and auxin replacement were carried out during spring flush, (2) the decapitation was in the previous season's overwintered wood, and (3) the point of decapitation was below the upper large irrepressible lateral buds but above the lower repressible lateral buds. Although it has been suggested that neither auxin, the terminal bud, nor apical dominance have control over the outgrowth of the irrepressible buds during spring flush, there is evidence in the present study that indicates that such control over the repressible buds exists. In seedlings, second-order branching, which resulted from decapitation of elongating current shoots, was also inhibited by exogenous auxin in the three species. Hence, the auxin replacement experiments did work on year-old proleptic buds (of branches of older trees) that would have entered the bud bank and also on current buds of seedlings. Cytokinin treatments were ineffectual in promoting bud growth.
How Our Ancestors Raised Children to Think as Modern Humans

This article argues that social selection pressures in recent human evolution were primarily responsible for the emergence of modern cognition. These selection pressures took three specific forms: (1) Increased security and stability, which reduced allostatic load on developing children, facilitating expanded working memory development; (2) increased opportunities for mother-infant joint engagement, which created positive selection for more sophisticated forms of cognition; and (3) increased pressure on ritualized behavior associated with both mother-infant joint engagement and the construction and maintenance of an unprecedentedly complex adult social world. These pressures directly affected the development of the behavioral trait of effortful control in children. Effortful control is closely linked with executive functions, including working memory. Effortful control also shows characteristics that make it a prime candidate for rapidly spreading, culturally driven changes that were prevalent late in human evolution.
Minority engineering graduates-where are they going?

The relationships between graduation grade point average (GPA), class ranking, performance in graduate studies, employment opportunities, and locations of employment of graduates of Tennessee State University are studied on the basis of graduation GPA and employment information on 326 graduates of the B.S. in Electrical Engineering program from May 1972 until August 1989. The data on graduates and the graduation GPA was retrieved from student records in the department. The information on student employment and graduate studies was collected from annual alumni surveys, interviews with returning alumni during homecomings, and recruitment trips. The student records were compiled according to graduation dates. For the purpose of data analysis, the graduation GPA has been divided into 16 groups, with Group 1 being 2.00 to 2.125. It is found that the graduates are equally distributed in the process and utility industries and the federal service, although those with higher GPAs are pursuing graduate study and going to the electronics/computer industry. The incentives provided by corporations to pursue graduate study on a full-time basis have been most beneficial and fully utilized by the graduates and is reflected in a very high percentage of graduates pursuing graduate work. >
Self-oriented Masculinity: Advertisements and the Changing Culture of the Male Market

This research chronicles the changes in the understudied and rapidly evolving male market segment using two related studies: (1) a content analysis of advertisements in fifty-one years of Sports Illustrated magazine and (2) an experiment involving age-based differences in consumer ad perceptions. Both investigate changing ad values and the ethnic diversity of ad models. Results indicate that the male market is becoming increasingly self-oriented in its values orientation as a result of broad societal changes and changing gender roles. Increasing use of black or African American models in key positions indicates a growing acceptance of minorities as representations of the ideal self among younger men, who express a preference for black or African American models. This finding speaks to the increasingly multicultural nature of society and the impact of minority celebrities on American culture. The results are indicative of the power of advertising in both reflecting and facilitating societal change.
Southwestern Physical Anthropology: Do the Cultural and Biological Parameters Correspond?

Skeletal series representing 15 prehistoric and historic Southwestern American Indian groups were examined to estimate the degree of biological distance on the basis of craniometric data, to re-examine Carl Seltzer's ('44) hypothesis of biological continuity in the Southwest Plateau region, and to see whether the biological parameters correspond to the cultural taxonomies and chronological subdivisions of the Southwestern prehistorians. Within and between group differences were found to be relatively small. Cultural and genetic isolation, disease selection and dietary patterns are suggested to best explain these differences. Seltzer's ('44) hypothesis is firmly supported. Conclusions reached by physical anthropologists with regard to biological relationships through time and space in the Southwest Plateau area are in agreement with the archeological subdivisions and known cultural history of the American Southwest.
Poliovirus Mutants at Histidine 195 of VP2 Do Not Cleave VP0 into VP2 and VP4

The final stage of poliovirus assembly is characterized by a cleavage of the capsid precursor protein VP0 into VP2 and VP4. This cleavage is thought to be autocatalytic and dependent on RNA encapsidation. Analysis of the poliovirus empty capsid structure has led to a mechanistic model for VP0 cleavage involving a conserved histidine residue that is present in the surrounding environment of the VP0 cleavage site. Histidine 195 of VP2 (2195H) is hypothesized to activate local water molecules, thus initiating a nucleophilic attack at the scissile bond. To test this hypothesis, 2195H mutants were constructed and their phenotypes were characterized. Consistent with the requirement of VP0 cleavage for poliovirus infectivity, all 2195H mutants were nonviable upon introduction of the mutant genomes into HeLa cells. Replacement of 2195H with threonine or arginine resulted in the assembly of a highly unstable 150S virus particle. Further analyses showed that these particles contain genomic RNA and uncleaved VP0, criteria associated with the provirion assembly intermediate. These data support the involvement of 2195H in mediating VP0 cleavage during the final stages of virus assembly.
Regulation of TGF-β1-induced connective tissue growth factor expression in airway smooth muscle cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β may play an important role in airway remodeling, and the fibrogenic effect of TGF-β may be mediated through connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) release. We inv...
The suppression of short waves by a train of long waves

It is shown that a train of long waves can suppress a short-wave field due to four-wave resonance interactions. These interactions lead to the diffusion (in Fourier space) of the wave action of the short-wave field, so that the wave action is transported to the regions of higher wavenumbers, where it dissipates more effectively. The diffusion equation is derived.
Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberration: Value of the clinical history

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the clinical history is of any value in the differentiation in the emergency department of ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberration. The records of 84 patients who presented with a wide-complex tachycardia and who were able to provide a history were reviewed. The wide-complex tachycardia was proven by a later electrophysiologic study to be VT in 62 patients and SVT with aberration in 22 patients. History of prior myocardial infarction, history of congestive heart failure, and history of recent angina pectoris all had positive predictive values for VT of greater than 95%, but had sensitivities of 66%, 24%, and 24%, respectively. Age greater than 35 years had a sensitivity of 92% and a positive predictive value of 85% for VT. None of the clinical characteristics was strongly predictive for SVT; the best was age less than or equal to 35 years, which had a positive predictive value of 70%. We conclude that clinical variables may be helpful in the emergency department diagnosis of wide-complex tachycardias. If a patient with a wide-complex tachycardia has a history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or recent angina pectoris, the tachycardia has a high likelihood of being ventricular in origin. However, there are no clinical variables that are highly predictive of SVT with aberration.
Fatigue Life Predictions of Adhesive Joint of Sheet Steels

Abstract Structural adhesive is widely employed in vehicle structures to enhance noise-vibration and crashworthiness performance. It is also known that structural durability is enhanced with application of structural adhesive. Many researchers have reported the fatigue performance of adhesive joints, but the test results showed noticeable scatter, making it hard to develop a fatigue life prediction method. This study fabricated cross-tension specimens joined with either adhesive only or adhesive with a spot-weld joint. These specimens were subjected to a 45-degree loading direction with respect to adhesive joint plane. The materials used for the specimens were various sheet steels, including mild steel, DP, and ultra-high strength steel. Fatigue tests were conducted for the specimens and a stress-life curve was constructed using a structural stress method. The test results were also correlated with a fracture mechanics approach. Both of the approaches showed reasonable correlation with the test results.
Feature selection for automated speech scoring

Automated scoring systems used for the evaluation of spoken or written responses in language assessments need to balance good empirical performance with the interpretability of the scoring models. We compare several methods of feature selection for such scoring systems and show that the use of shrinkage methods such as Lasso regression makes it possible to rapidly build models that both satisfy the requirements of validity and intepretability, crucial in assessment contexts as well as achieve good empirical performance.
Policy Constraints And Strategic Choices: MNE Subsidiaries' Market Penetration In China

This study describes how firm level decisions and capabilities correspond to policy conditions in a host country where local market access is constrained and success is contingent on compliance with cultural hegemony. Using data from surveys gathered from multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries operating in China, we describe the mode of entry the firms have used to penetrate and exploit markets in light of the constrained strategic choices open to their subsidiaries. We also expose the patterns of growth accomplished by the MNE and their underlying bases of competitive advantage. Finally, we relate the degree of centralization we observe among the respondents strategies.
Are Students Learning About Human Factors and Ergonomics in Introductory Psychology Textbooks

An ongoing issue of the membership of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society concerns efforts to educate audiences about human factors and ergonomics (HF/E). One important group to consider is students taking a beginning or introductory psychology course. The initial course in psychology usually reviews the scope of psychology and is taken by large numbers of individuals. In the present research, introductory psychology textbooks (n=123) published between 1969 and 2006 were consulted to identify the nature and extent of the coverage of HF/E. A clear increase in coverage was evidenced beginning in 1995. Although HF/E is now being mentioned significantly more often in newer texts, it is frequently limited in both amount and scope. The potential growth of graduate HF/E programs may be affected by the extent to which potential applicants are exposed to the discipline. Implications for HF/E are discussed and opportunities for increasing student exposure are identified.
Analytical Photo Magnetic Imaging

We introduce a new Photo-Magnetic Imaging image reconstruction algorithm that uses analytical methods to solve both its forward and inverse problem, making it 33 times faster than a single iteration of our previous FEM-based algorithm.
Studies on corrosion conditions of metallographic sample of Sm_2Co_(17) permanent magnet materials

Sm2Co17 type permanent magnet materials were corroded under three kinds of corrosion conditions.Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer were used to study the metallographic corrosion conditions.The result showed that sample corroded for 60 seconds in corrosive liquid of 100ml distilled water dissoled in 0.5ml nitric acid and 2ml acetic acid can clearly display boundary,surface of grain,and Zr-rich and Sm-rich phase in the grain.Compared with the corrosion agent most commonly used to metal material and the formula from metallographic corrosion handbook,the corrosion agent determined in this research can get a more clearly metallographic image.
Modeling of Electrostatic Effects in Plastocyanin

Plastocyanin (PC) is a 10.5 kD copper protein which is located in the lumen of the thylakoid where it transfers electrons from cytochrome f (cyt f) to P700 (1). The interaction with both reaction partners is electrostatic in nature (2). The highly-conserved (3) patch of negatively-charged residues at positions #42–45 and #59–61 on PC (also called the East Face) (Fig. 1) is the initial recognition site on PC (2,). These negatively-charged residues interact with positively-charged residues on cyt f (2,).
Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resins

The idea of developing crosslinked liquid crystalline (LC) networks was proposed by Nobel laureate, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes in 1969 (Gennes and Prost 1995). Subsequent efforts in this area resulted in a group of materials known as liquid crystalline thermosets (LCTs), which combines the outstanding properties of both liquid crystals and crosslinked thermosets (Shiota and Ober 1997a; Douglas 2002; Barclay and Ober 1993). A great number of LCTs have been synthesized using a variety of monomers, including epoxy (Carfagna et al. 1997; Giamberini et al. 1995; Mallon and Adams 1993), acrylate (Hikmet and Broer 1991; Hikmet et al. 1992; Litt et al. 1993; Holter et al. 1996), maleimide (Hoyt and Benicewicz 1990a, b), and cyanate ester (Mormann and Zimmermann 1995, 1996; Barclay et al. 1992a; Mormann and Kuckertz 1998). These materials exhibit properties that transcend their amorphous counterparts because of a polydomain structure. Among all the LCTs synthesized, liquid crystalline epoxy resins (LCERs) have received the most attention because of their diverse applications, such as microelectronics packaging materials, optical wave guides, adhesives, color filters, and structural materials. LCERs are generally formed upon curing of low molecular weight, rigid rod epoxy monomers with amines or anhydrides, resulting in the retention of a LC phase by the three dimensional crosslinking networks. Early investigation of LCERs focused on molecular architecture of the epoxy monomers and the related LC phase transition. Subsequent work involves studies on cure kinetics, phase evolution, molecular orientation and thermomechanical characterization of the LCERs. More recently, there have been efforts on fabrication of composites and nanocomposites using LCERs.
BACTERIAL INTERACTIONS IN GNOTOBIOTIC FLIES

This chapter discusses the bacterial interactions in gnotobiotic flies. Common domestic and synanthropic flies coexist with a great variety of microorganisms. This is true of the larva, whose nutrition depends on microbes that teem in its food. New associations between flies and pathogenic organisms continue to be added to already vast lists. Interest has focused on the behavior, breeding, and distribution of flies as primary indicators of their role as vectors of disease. In this regard, information on the fly-microbe association has been limited to pin-point isolation of organisms. A few investigations have dealt with the biotic community within the fly and with its population dynamics. The chapter focuses on this aspect. It describes rearing of gnotobiotic flies and discusses the significance of the gnotobiotic fly as a model for studying microbial interactions in a digestive tract. The larval digestive tract has been analyzed.
Inter-team coordination in large-scale agile development: A test of organizational discontinuity theory

We draw on Organizational Discontinuity Theory (ODT) to identify factors that increase communication and coordination problems between teams working on large software development projects. ODT posits that faced with a disruption in the expected flow of communication, called a discontinuity, individuals must make sense of the disruption to address the problem. They may be motivated to pay more attention to the situation and consider alternative actions to deal with the discontinuity, leading to the emergence of continuities, which are new behaviors, group practices and expectations. Continuities reduce or eliminate the attention and effort required to understand and manage the situation associated with problematic discontinuities. We propose a mixed-method study based on this model to examine the effects of discontinuities and the development of continuities on inter-team coordination in large-scale agile software development.
Survival After Pelvic Exenteration for Cervical Cancer: A National Cancer Database Study.

Objective To determine overall survival (OS) and factors associated with OS after pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer. Methods Women with cervical cancer who underwent exenteration (n = 517) were identified from the 1998 to 2011 National Cancer Database. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards survival analyses were performed to test for associations of potential explanatory variables with OS. Analyzed confounders included age, insurance status, income, distance from home to treatment center, stage, exenteration type, surgical margin status, and treatment with adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. Results Among the entire cohort with clinical follow-up (n = 313), median OS was 24 months. Stage (P = 2.5 × 10−12), lymph node status (P = 1.3 × 10−7), insurance status (P = 1.5 × 10−5), and histologic type (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with OS by the log-rank test. Unadjusted median OS was 24.2 and 61.8 months for women with squamous and adenocarcinoma histologies, respectively. By multivariate Cox regression, age, insurance status, stage, margin status, and adjuvant radiation were associated with OS. Histology was not independently associated with OS on multivariate regression. Among women with node-negative disease, median OS was 73.2 months. Conclusions Exenteration may be curative for more than half of women with node-negative cervical cancer. Stage, insurance status, lymph node status, and surgical margin are independently associated with differential OS after exenteration.
Viscoelasticity Measurements Reveal Rheological Differences Between Stem-like and Non-stem-like Breast Cancer Cells

Defining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSC) has become an important subject in cancer research during the past decade. Although molecular surface expression levels have been used for CSC recognition, the clinical and prognostic impacts of these markers have remained a controversial issue. The finding that cancerous cells are considerably more deformable than normal ones provides the motivation for the hypothesis that the mechanical properties can be used as biomarkers to distinguish between stem-like and non-stem-like cancer cells. In this study, using micropipette aspiration (MA) and intracellular particle tracking (IPT) microrheology, measurements of the whole-cell and local viscoelasticity were made on four breast cancer cell lines with different CSC phenotypes based on their surface markers. Stem-like Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were found to be the most deformable, while the non-stem-like MDA-MB-468 line was the least deformable. The non-stem-like BT-20 cell line showed an intermediate deformability. The enhanced deformability for stem-like cells was consistent with the observed lower and more dispersed F-actin content for the stem-like cells. Therefore, the cytoskeleton-related differences in the rheological properties of cancer cells can be a potential biomarker for CSC and eventually lead to novel cancer diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
Amorphous Silicon Electronics

The progressive miniaturization of electronics is familiar to everyone; computing power that used to occupy a room can now be put onto a single integrated circuit. Miniaturization is admirable when size is not relevent to the electronic function, but there are plenty of devices in which a large physical size is essential. Many of these concern information technology, examples being the computer display, printer, and fax machine. Communication with the electronic world is primarily visual and operates at a large format typified by a document. In this rapidly advancing field, we are eagerly awaiting desktop interactive display surfaces that can input as well as display information, document readers, truly portable computers, electronic vision and—the oldest dream of all—the television that hangs on the wall. Realization of these hopes requires a set of technologies that permit bigger rather than smaller electronic systems, and amorphous silicon is helping to make this happen.
Grain Chemical Composition as Affected by Genetic Backgrounds and Toxigenic Aspergillus flavus Inoculation in Corn Hybrids

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites commonly found in corn and known to cause health issues to human and animals. Information on the relationship between corn grain inoculated with mycotoxins and grain nutrients (protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids) in corn hybrids, especially stacked-gene hybrids is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional advantage of stacked-gene hybrids (Stgene) over non-genetically modified organisms (non-GMO) corn or glyphosate-resistant corn (RR). The experiment was conducted in two locations (clay and sandy soils) in 2011, irrigated, and inoculated with toxigenic Aspergillus flavus using four hybrids of stacked-gene, four of RR, and two non-GMO (conventional). Non-inoculated plots were used as control. The results showed that stacked-gene hybrids had no observable nutritional advantage over RR or non-GMO as all hybrid classes accumulated adequate nutrients in their grains; this effect could be due to adequate concentrations of nutrients in the soil. Higher levels of grain protein, carbohydrates (glucose, reducing sugars, and starch), oleic acid, total amino acids, and some minerals were observed under inoculated conditions in clay and sandy soils indicated a possible osmotic adjustment role of these compounds as stress indicators and osmoprotectants under inoculated conditions. Grain nutrients in clay soil were higher than those in sandy soils; nutrient differences could be due to sandy soil possibly suffering drier conditions, especially inoculated soil, reducing nutrient uptake and nutrients mobility to the grain. This study provides advanced knowledge on the relationship between grain nutrients and mycotoxins in corn hybrids. It is also useful to the corn breeders to understand the responses of grain nutrients to fungal diseases in corn hybrids.
Inferência metafísica e a experiência do observável

Some strongly empiricist views of scientific knowledge advocate a rejection of metaphysics. On such views, scientific knowledge is described strictly in terms of knowledge of the observable world, demarcated by human sensory abilities, and no metaphysical considerations need arise. This paper argues that even these views require some recourse to metaphysics in order to derive knowledge from experience. Central here is the notion of metaphysical inference, which admits of different “magnitudes”, thus generating a spectrum of putative knowledge with more substantially empirical beliefs at one end, and more metaphysically imbued beliefs at the other. Given that metaphysical inference is required even concerning knowledge of the observable, the empiricist hope of avoiding metaphysics altogether is futile: knowledge of the observable simply involves metaphysical inferences that are of smaller magnitudes than others. Metaphysical inferences are required not only to distinguish veridical from non-veridical experience and to determine the quality of empirical information, but also in order to explain how we construct experience (through categorizations and classifications of objects, events, processes, and properties), how we extrapolate from empirical evidence to generalize about observable phenomena, and how we use this evidence to test and confirm hypotheses and theories.
SHEEP BREEDING IN THE U.S.A.

A decline of 45% in the number of breeding ewes has occurred in the last 10 years. This has had a major impact on many aspects of the industry, including breeding. A majority of ewes are Rambouillet (Merino) or related breeds. The Suffolk, Hampshire and other British breeds are also important in numbers, especially in farm flocks. There are few organized breeding programmes and their impact is small. Much of the effort for breed improvement by pure-bred breeders is focused on the show ring.
Operational Conditions and In Situ Resources for Mars Surface Exploration

Abstract Human spaceflight systems must accommodate the metabolic consumables, general day-to-day supplies, and spacecraft-specific needs required to keep a crew alive, healthy, and comfortable thr...
Performance Evaluation of Modified Bitumen with Replaced Percentage of Waste Cooking Oil & Tire Rubber with Bagasse Ash as Modifier

Flexible pavements are the major type of pavement use in recent days. Bitumen is the main constituent’s part of flexible pavement. Bitumen is the by-produce of petroleum. The depleting reserve of petroleum led researcher to look for alternative binder. This research work explicitly aim at replacing certain percentage of bitumen with Tire Rubber powder (TR), Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in the presence of Bagasse Ash (BA) as a modifier. Physical test were performed to determine optimum percentages of TR, WCO and BA that can be used as a percentage replacement in bitumen. Result shows that up to 20 % of bitumen can be successfully replaced without affecting performance of bitumen. Performance Tests such as Dynamic Shear Rheometer, Rotatory thin film oven, Pressure aging Vessel and Bending Beam Rheometer were performed on modified samples for its physical and rheological properties. Modified bitumen showed good resistance against rutting, skidding and low temperature cracking. The research work directly contribute in developments of alternative binder for flexible pavement which is a leading research trend these days and environmental friendly initiative.
Great Battles: Ypres

The Menin Gate, John McCrae’s “In Flanders Fields,” The Wipers Times, Passchendaele, Tyne Cot: since the end of the First World War, the town of Ypres (or Ieper) has come to be heavily associated w...
Addressing the need for forensic psychological evaluations of asylum seekers: The potential role of the general practitioner

Abstract Asylum seekers who have survived torture and other abuses may experience a wide range of psychological symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. During the asylum process, attorneys might refer their clients to clinicians who document these psychological sequelae of human rights violations. However, the need for forensic psychological evaluations exceeds the number of mental health clinicians available to provide these assessments. It has been suggested that primary care physicians, professionals who already play essential roles in the identification and treatment of mental health issues, may be able to conduct these evaluations. Yet, there is little empirical knowledge of what prior training and clinical experiences support mental health and non-mental health professionals who engage in this work, and what is needed to prepare general practitioners to provide forensic psychological evaluations to asylum seekers. This pilot study found non-mental health practitioners with experience in psychological forensic evaluations reached a level of confidence in conducting evaluations of asylum seekers comparable to general mental health practitioners. The study also identified clinicians’ perceptions of training that supports them in their forensic psychological evaluations, their professional development needs, and the potential for general practitioners to leverage their current skill sets in this work.
The Mutation of Altruistic Intents in Scientific Research

Although scientific research has revolutionized our daily lives, providing us with the comforts of antibiotics and cars, it undoubtedly has a dark side as well—such as the culmination of research scandals ending in destroyed careers or the development of drugs with side effects killing tens of thousands. I aim to highlight various risk factors which may lead to unethical research behaviors and ultimately disastrous consequences. One of these major risk factors is "pathological altruism," a term coined by Dr. Barbara Oakley. Pathological altruism is defined as "attempts to promote the welfare of others that instead result in unanticipated harm" (Oakley, 2012). First, I explore how these research reward processes can be connected to researchers' potentially harmful biases, as evidenced by fundamental psychology principles. Using concrete examples of science fair competitions and thought experiments, I reveal how these biases develop during a researcher's early education and career. Then, by examining the case study of stem cell scientist Haruko Obokata's scientific misconduct scandal, I expand on the "speed versus stability" model of scientific communication (Lewenstein, 1995), which provides further insight on external factors negatively influencing researchers. The case study highlights how the biases discussed in this paper harm individuals' careers, their research fields, and ultimately society. Rather than framing unethical behavior in science in terms of good versus evil, my research aims to provide a supportive framework for the discussion and analysis of the actual mechanism of how research ethics become compromised.
The Effects of Consultation-based Family-school Engagement on Student and Parent Outcomes: A Meta-analysis

Given that consultation has consistently yielded benefits for clients and consultees, it is likely an effective method of promoting family-school engagement. Thus, this meta-analysis examined the e...
Toward Optimal and Equitable Rural Health

The stay-at-home orders and recommendations and the complete lockdown of significant parts of the economy (including self-imposed and guidance-based limits to elective medical services) have had a detrimental economic impact on ambulatory care practices, specialty and diagnostic care, oral health care, and hospital-based care, and, arguably, detrimental health effects on individuals and communities [ ]compared with persons living in the nonrural United States, those in the rural United States, in general, are older and have lower household income, lower overall educational attainment, a higher burden of chronic disease risk factors and chronic disease, and less access to medical care because of a lack of availability, long distances to care, and inadequate health insurance status The deficiencies in public health and clinical care (primary care and hospital care, in particular) infrastructure and systems existed in the rural United States before SARS-CoV-2;however, COVID-19 clusters and hot spots have made visible to many the weaknesses in rural public health and the limitations of sparse clinical care capacity to optimally conduct testing and contact tracing, on the one hand, and to deliver quality medical care to all (including adequate intensive care unit bed and staff capacity and availability of ventilators), on the other
Planning to teach difficult history through historical inquiry: The case of school desegregation

Abstract This exploratory study investigates the ways in which secondary U.S. history teachers who attended two iterations of a teacher professional development workshop, focusing on the history of school desegregation in Virginia, planned to teach the history of school desegregation through historical inquiry. Conceptualizing the history of school desegregation as difficult history, the authors conducted the content analysis of 23 written lesson plans generated by workshop participants. The historiography of school desegregation, and research on four dimensions of historical inquiry such as Change and Continuity, Causation, Multiple Perspectives and Historical Sources, guided the data analysis. The findings suggest that teachers in this study were most likely to design their inquiry around Causation, framing the history of school desegregation within the classical timeline of the Civil Rights Movement, which begins with the Brown v. Board of Education decision (1954) and ends with the Civil Rights Act of 1968. What was often absent in these inquiries was Massive Resistance, the backlash against the Brown v. Board of Education decision, collective and political actions of African American communities to implement the Brown decision, and varying perspectives within African American communities as well as Whites who opposed the Brown decision. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Impedance Matching Approach for Robust Force Feedback Rendering with Application in Robot-assisted Interventions*

Robust and accurate force feedback is a clinical need for enhancing the safety of remote robot-assisted interventional procedures. In this study, an impedance-based force feedback approach was proposed and validated. Initially a fast impedance identification method for estimating the impedance of catheter-vasculature interaction at the slave module of such systems was obtained. Afterward, a force feedback approach based on matching the mechanical impedance of the master module with the identified impedance was implemented. The proposed force control method was experimentally studied for a robot-assisted remote catheter insertion task. Also, the performance of the proposed method was experimentally compared to the conventional direct force reflection approach. The proposed force feedback method exhibited fair accuracy in force tracking (mean-absolute error of 0.046 ± 0.027 N). The proposed method outperformed the direct force reflection approach in the absence and presence of communication interruptions (0.052N vs. 0.061N) and (0.041N vs. 0.171N), respectively. The proposed force feedback method exhibited favorable robustness and accuracy for remote interventional applications.