cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bullying in Elementary Schools

The goal of this study was to report key descriptive data from 1,588 third through fifth graders who completed a survey regarding their perceptions of bullying in schools. Key findings were that 40 % of third through fifth graders reported being bullied, while girls reported being victims of bullying more often than boys. When bullying was reported to a school administrator or a parent/guardian, only about 19 % of those bullied reported that bullying stopped completely; 16 % reported that bullying had stopped for a while, and 11 % indicated that bullying never stopped and in some cases got worse. 32 % of the students reported that the school had done little or nothing to reduce bullying. Our results underscore the need for early intervention.
Thalamic Functional Connectivity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Associations With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Neuropsychological Tests.

Abstract Objectives (1) To examine differences in patient-reported outcomes, neuropsychological tests, and thalamic functional connectivity (FC) between patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and individuals without mTBI and (2) to determine longitudinal associations between changes in these measures. Design Prospective observational case-control study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants A sample (N=24) of 13 patients with mTBI (mean age, 39.3±14.0y; 4 women [31%]) and 11 age- and sex-matched controls without mTBI (mean age, 37.6±13.3y; 4 women [36%]). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Resting state FC (3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner) was examined between the thalamus and the default mode network, dorsal attention network, and frontoparietal control network. Patient-reported outcomes included pain (Brief Pain Inventory), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), posttraumatic stress disorder ([PTSD] Checklist – Civilian Version), and postconcussive symptoms (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire). Neuropsychological tests included the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower test, Trails B, and Hotel Task. Assessments occurred at 6 weeks and 4 months after hospitalization in patients with mTBI and at a single visit for controls. Results Student t tests found increased pain, depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms, and postconcussive symptoms; decreased performance on Trails B; increased FC between the thalamus and the default mode network; and decreased FC between the thalamus and the dorsal attention network and between the thalamus and the frontoparietal control network in patients with mTBI as compared with controls. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that increased FC between the thalamus and the dorsal attention network from baseline to 4 months was associated with decreased pain and postconcussive symptoms (corrected P Conclusions Findings suggest that alterations in thalamic FC occur after mTBI, and improvements in pain and postconcussive symptoms are correlated with normalization of thalamic FC over time.
Slit-scan flow analysis of cytologic specimens from the female genital tract.

Publisher Summary Automated detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix is possible by employing methods and instrumentation exploiting the differential staining of normal and malignant cells. The procedure employs acridine orange (AO) and specialized flow cytometry (FCM) instrumentation. AO is an extremely useful marker in the recognition of abnormal cells in that it provides information on both cellular DNA content and configuration. Accessibility of nucleic acids in situ to AO has been demonstrated to be dependent on cell type and differentiation. Utilizing slide-based, quantitative fluorescence instrumentation is reviewed. Abnormal cells found in cytologic specimens from the uterine cervix show elevated nuclear fluorescence when compared to normal cells from the same specimen. The differential in green nuclear fluorescence intensity reflects both quantitative and qualitative differences in nucleic acid content. A potential problem in the general use of AO is cytoplasmic fluorescence. AO orange stains both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. Normal intermediate squamous cells show a pale-green cytoplasmic fluorescence with a more intense nuclear fluorescence.
Corn Stover Pretreatment by Ionic Liquid and Glycerol Mixtures with Their Density, Viscosity, and Thermogravimetric Properties

As a green, low-pressure pretreatment for biomass, ionic liquids (ILs) have great potential, but their high cost has limited commercial application to date. Glycerol, a safe byproduct of the growing biodiesel industry, was investigated as an IL cosolvent. In this study, the ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate ([C2mim][O2CH]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) were diluted with up to 75% glycerol and used to pretreat corn stover (CS) at 145 °C and ambient pressure. The pretreated CS residues were enzymatically hydrolyzed, yielding over 90% of the cellulose in the raw CS as glucose and 80% of the xylan as xylose. These mixture pretreatments gave yields 40% higher than the pure IL pretreatments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that lignin had been removed by the glycerol–IL pretreatments. Compared to the ILs used, glycerol’s viscosity was an order of magnitude higher at ambient temperature, but at the processing temperature used the viscosities of the ILs and their m...
Proposal of Venous Drainage-Based Classification System for Carotid Cavernous Fistulae With Validity Assessment in a Multicenter Cohort

BACKGROUND Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCFs) are most commonly classified based on arterial supply. Symptomatology and treatment approach, however, are largely influenced by venous drainage. OBJECTIVE To propose an updated classification system using venous drainage. METHODS CCFs with posterior/inferior drainage only, posterior/inferior and anterior drainage, anterior drainage only, and retrograde drainage into cortical veins with/without other drainage channels were designated as types 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CCFs involving a direct connection between the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus were designated as type 5. This system was retrospectively applied to 29 CCF patients. RESULTS Our proposed classification was significantly associated with symptomatology (P < .001). Type 2 was significantly associated with coexisting ocular/orbital and cavernous symptoms only (P < .001), type 3 with ocular/orbital symptoms only (P < .01), and type 4 demonstrated cortical symptoms with/without ocular/orbital and cavernous symptoms (P < .01), respectively. There was a significant association of our classification system with the endovascular treatment approach (P < .001). Types 1 and 2 were significantly associated with endovascular treatment through the inferior petrosal sinus (P < .01). Type 3 was significantly associated with endovascular treatment through the ophthalmic vein (P < .01) and type 5 with transarterial approach (P < .01), respectively. Types 2 (27.6%) and 3 (34.5%) were most prevalent in this series, whereas type 1 was rare (6.9%), suggesting that some degree of thrombosis is present, with implications for spontaneous resolution. Type 2 CCFs demonstrated a trend toward partial resolution after endovascular treatment (P = .07). CONCLUSION Our proposed classification system is easily applicable in clinical practice and demonstrates correlation with symptomatology, treatment approach, and outcome.
Factors Influencing the Pressure-Flow-Perfusion System

Abstract: The methodology of the “Pressure-Flow-Perfusion System” used in the “Whitaker Test” was examined for factors which influence intrinsic resistance of that system. Considerable pressure changes were incurred by varying the concentration of sodium diatrizoate, perfusing needle, temperature and flow rates. For each renal pressure-flow-perfusion test, the resistance must be determined because of the effect of each variable in altering the intrinsic resistance.
Uniform Dress Codes and an Employee's Religious Observance

Turbans, headscarves and beards have been at the center of lawsuits filed by workers whose employers were not accommodating the employees’ religious grooming needs. Employers clearly have an obligation under § 701(j) to reasonably accommodate an employee’s religious dress and grooming needs unless such accommodation would cause undue hardship. Courts are most likely to find undue hardship when the employer is in the business of dealing with public safety and can claim that the requested accommodation would cause safety risks. Courts have also determined that religious grooming accommodations that harm an employer’s image can constitute an undue hardship - particularly in cases where the employee deals with the public; however, an employer’s success is not a foregone conclusion. Employers should therefore carefully determine the impact of a religious accommodation before denying an employee’s request for accommodation.
Healthy Weight Knowledge and Body Size Disparities in Chinese Adults.

Objectives This study was an exploration of whether raising the level of knowledge regarding healthy eating and physical activity at all socioeconomic status (SES) levels is vital to reducing the SES gradient in body size disparities. Methods This study uses longitudinal data with a total of 20,757 person-years drawn from 11,469 households of individuals aged 18-55 who participated in the 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Linear mixed-effects regression models capture the link among SES, knowledge of healthy eating and physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). All analyses are stratified by sex. Results The results show there are knowledge gaps among SES groups from 2004-2011 for both men and women. In addition, there is a positive association between knowledge and BMI for men and no association for women. Conversely, the results suggest differentiated effects of knowledge on women's BMI by educational attainment. Conclusions Current intervention programs that focus on raising knowledge regarding what contributes to a healthy weight are limited to reducing body size disparities; understanding social and gender meanings of ideal body size may be the key to curbing the trend toward obesity disparities in China.
Die Gleichungen und ihre rechnerische Lösung

In Abschnitt 2 wurde Rechenbeispielen zur Simulation des Verhaltens verschiedener Systeme nachgegangen. Dabei wurden Modelle benutzt, die die interessierenden Prozesse teilweise durch Gleichungen und teilweise durch verbale Darstellungen beschrieben. Verbale Darstellungen aber sind im allgemeinen unhandlich, platzraubend und von mangelnder Genauigkeit.
The Transcription Factor Nfatc2 Regulates β-Cell Proliferation and Genes Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Mouse and Human Islets

Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic variation at >130 gene loci is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We asked if the expression of the candidate T2D-associated genes within these loci is regulated by a common locus in pancreatic islets. Using an obese F2 mouse intercross segregating for T2D, we show that the expression of ~40% of the T2D-associated genes is linked to a broad region on mouse chromosome (Chr) 2. As all but 9 of these genes are not physically located on Chr 2, linkage to Chr 2 suggests a genomic factor(s) located on Chr 2 regulates their expression in trans. The transcription factor Nfatc2 is physically located on Chr 2 and its expression demonstrates cis linkage; i.e., its expression maps to itself. When conditioned on the expression of Nfatc2, linkage for the T2D-associated genes was greatly diminished, supporting Nfatc2 as a driver of their expression. Plasma insulin also showed linkage to the same broad region on Chr 2. Overexpression of a constitutively active (ca) form of Nfatc2 induced β-cell proliferation in mouse and human islets, and transcriptionally regulated more than half of the T2D-associated genes. Overexpression of either ca-Nfatc2 or ca-Nfatc1 in mouse islets enhanced insulin secretion, whereas only ca-Nfatc2 was able to promote β-cell proliferation, suggesting distinct molecular pathways mediating insulin secretion vs. β-cell proliferation are regulated by NFAT. Our results suggest that many of the T2D-associated genes are downstream transcriptional targets of NFAT, and may act coordinately in a pathway through which NFAT regulates β-cell proliferation in both mouse and human islets.
Population Health Management for Diabetes: Health Care System-Level Approaches for Improving Quality and Addressing Disparities

Purpose of review Population care approaches for diabetes have the potential to improve the quality of care and decrease diabetes-related mortality and morbidity. Population care strategies are particularly relevant as accountable care organizations (ACOs), patient-centered medical homes (PCMH), and integrated delivery systems are increasingly focused on managing chronic disease care at the health system level. This review outlines the key elements of population care approaches for diabetes in the current health care environment. Recent findings Population care approaches proactively identify diabetes patients through disease registries and electronic health record data and utilize multidisciplinary care teams, personalized provider feedback, and decision support tools to target and care for patients at risk for poor outcomes. Existing evidence suggests that these strategies can improve care outcomes and potentially ameliorate existing race/ethnic disparities in health care. However, such strategies may be less effective for patients who are disengaged from the health care system. As population care for diabetes continues to evolve, future initiatives should consider ways to tailor population care to meet individual patient needs, while leveraging improvements in clinical information systems and care integration to optimally manage and prevent diabetes in the future.
Comprehensive evaluation of the influence of meta-models on Bayesian calibration

Abstract Many efforts are used to eliminate the gaps between physical measurements and simulation results. The Bayesian calibration technique is one of the popular automatic calibration methods Allowing for all sources of uncertainty, the method attempts to correct inadequate models and parameters that produce discrepancies between prediction and observed data. Bayesian calibration requires numerous iterations of simulation. To reduce the computational cost, a meta-model is often used to replace the original detailed model. This paper evaluates and analyzes the influence of meta-model accuracy on the outcomes of the Bayesian calibration for building energy simulation model. The following five meta-models: multiple linear regression model, neural network, support vector machine, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and Gaussian process emulator are investigated and compared. The study varies the ranges of input parameters to explore the associated accuracy of the built meta-models. The calibration results are evaluated and compared using three criteria: simulation time, the coefficient of variation with root mean square error (CVRMSE) to true input parameter values, and CVRMSE to observed outputs (monthly and annual energy use intensity). The paper confirms that there are significant differences in simulation time and accuracy for different types of meta-models. The most accurate meta-model tested is the Gaussian process emulator (GPE), while it requires the longest computing time. The multiple linear regression model is the fastest but shows the worst performance in the calibration for the true input parameters. All the calibrated models, however, can predict well the outputs against the observations.
International Ice Services’ Planning for an Arctic Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT 2017-382 Formed in 1999, the International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) is a consortium of the ice services from all over the world. The operational ice services representing nations...
Piriformis Muscle Syndrome

The piriformis muscle is a commonly overlooked diagnosis when patients present with leg pain generated below the iliac crest.
Torsades de Pointes After Methadone Treatment

Methadone is a synthetic opioid used to treat chronic pain and for maintenance therapy in opiate dependence. Methadone may cause QT prolongation and torsades de pointes, an arrhythmia. Several risk factors predispose patients to the development of this potentially fatal arrhythmia. Careful patient selection, mitigating risk factors, and regular monitoring are recommended to prescribers of methadone. With the increased number of methadone-related deaths, more research is needed to bridge informational gaps regarding its safety.
Genetic Variants Associated With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Boys With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disproportionately affects Hispanic boys. Further, obesity and insulin resistance are major risk factors for NAFLD. No gene localization studies had been performed on children with biopsy-proven NAFLD. This study aims to iden
Acute sialadenitis associated with 2017–2018 influenza A infection: A case series

The influenza A virus has accounted for the majority of influenza infections in the 2017 to 2018 flu season, with the typical clinical presentation including fever, myalgias, malaise, and nonproductive cough. Notably this season, we have recognized a cluster of influenza A cases presenting as severe neck and facial swelling, with the subsequent diagnosis of sialadenitis. Whereas previous authors have demonstrated isolated case reports of sialadenitis associated with influenza A infection, herein we describe the clinical history, laboratory values, and radiographic findings of four patients presenting to our institution in January 2018 with acute sialadenitis and influenza A infection. Laryngoscope, 2500-2502, 2018.
Evaluating Animation in the Periphery as a Mechanism for Maintaining Awarness.

Small animated displays such as tickers and faders are increasingly being used to convey information on computer screens. Relatively little is understood, however, about their use as peripheral displays, that is, tools for communicating lower-priority awareness information to people. This article describes two experiments that examine the tradeoff of communication capability versus distraction in peripheral displays. We found that the presence of animated textual peripheral displays did not distract people from a central information browsing task, and we identified particular animation and display characteristics that facilitate different information-centric tasks.
Examining the AFQT as a Proxy for Human Capital

I examine whether the Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) is a suitable proxy for human capital skills by testing the hypothesis that those factors most germane to human capital skills acquisition will most affect AFQT score. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth and OLS regression analysis, I find that strict and loose human capital factors are robust determinants of AFQT score, and thus the AFQT is a suitable proxy for human capital skills. However, its use as such requires specification that the AFQT is not a catchall for human capital factors, as it is significantly related to only some human capital factors considered in this study.
Aron Gurwitsch's Theory of Cultural-Scientific Phenomenological Psychology

After addressing the question of whether Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973) even had a theory of psychology, which is not obvious unless one collates the many dispersed remarks, a well-documented exposition of that theory is offered that clarifies the data, categories, field, methods, and topics of the versions of psychology he advocated.
A primary care approach to adolescent health care.

Adolescents are generally thought to be healthy, but at least 20% of North American adolescents have a serious health problem.1 Most adolescent morbidity and mortality are due to intentional and unintentional injuries; alcohol, tobacco, and other drug misuse; depression; unplanned pregnancies; and sexually transmitted infections.2 These problems are often rooted in behaviors that are diagnosed not with a laboratory test or a physical examination but through open communication between the physician and the adolescent. In the past few years, several guidelines have been developed for the care of adolescents,3,4,5,6 each emphasizing the importance of psychosocial screening. Compared with other age groups and relative to their proportion of the population, adolescents in the United States underuse the health care system. Adolescent men are less likely than young women to visit physicians.7,8,9 They also tend to use emergency departments, free clinics, and family planning clinics as their source of primary care. Adolescents are more likely to be uninsured than any other age group.10,11,12,13 Physicians' visits with teens are typically short, with a mean duration of 16 minutes. Counseling or education is given to teens on only 50% of visits with their physicians. Adolescents report being more concerned about their physicians' characteristics than characteristics of the site or system. Teens prefer health care professionals who are honest, knowledgeable, and experienced and who wash their hands in the teens' presence. They want physicians who treat all patients equally, who emphasize confidentiality, and who relate well to teens.14 We describe the approach to adolescent care that we use in training residents and students who rotate through the Venice Family Clinic, Los Angeles, a free clinic with more than 70,000 total visits a year. We train nurse practitioners; pharmacy students; residents from internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology; and third- and fourth-year medical students. Our goal is to provide trainees with the tools to enable them to feel comfortable and competent interviewing and examining teens. This approach is based on the training we provide, years of practice and teaching, and the literature cited.2
Scriveners in Cyberspace: Online Document Preparation and the Unauthorized Practice of Law

Anyone who attempts to determine whether particular activities by lay people constitute the unauthorized practice of law will inevitably confront the central mystery of the legal profession: Why are lawyers incapable of defining what they mean by “the practice of law?” Doctors seem to know what it means to practice medicine. Architects surely understand what their profession entails. Even plumbers or auto mechanics presumably can explain the basic attributes of their livelihood. But lawyers have famously struggled for decades to define what it is that they do for a living, and it is the amorphous nature of the practice of law that makes inquiries into unauthorized practice principles so challenging. The legal profession’s notorious inability to produce a principled definition of the practice of law is reflected in its professional codes. The 1969 Model Code of Professional Responsibility expressly noted the difficulty of giving a comprehensive definition of the practice of law, but offered the following explanation:
Formation of helium-bubble networks in tungsten

Abstract The nucleation and subsequent growth of helium bubbles in bulk tungsten is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. By considering a setting that includes the diffusion process of helium clusters, we study their attachment to existing bubbles and their interaction with tungsten crowdion structures generated in the bubble growth process. We find that incoming helium atoms, and especially small helium clusters, can become trapped in the crowdion structures, providing nucleation sites for new helium bubbles, and leading to a distributed network of bubbles rather than a single, growing bubble. The nature of this network depends on both the temperature and the implantation flux of helium. Our results indicate that the kinetic interaction of He with generated dislocations is a key factor dictating the evolution of bubble distributions in plasma-exposed tungsten.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation: design of a high current magnetic pulse generator with custom coil for the application on small animals.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and outpatient treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)[1]. It has also proven to produce beneficial effects for other neurological and psychiatric disorders including: Parkinson's Disease (PD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Schizophrenia [2]–[6]. Recently, researchers have shown interest in investigating the effect of TMS in neurological disorders which have not been explored by utilizing animal studies [7]. Animal studies are required to test the efficacy and safety of the treatments before using the new treatment in human subjects. Furthermore, animal studies can reduce research cost and speed up the development of new TMS treatment procedures. That is why it is important to have flexible and tunable hardware/coil solutions that allow tenability of power, current, and the shape of the signals needed for experimentation. TMS is based on the principal of Faraday's law of induction, in which time-varying magnetic fields are used to induce an electric field in the brain. Substantial research has been published related to the improvement of coil designs, using head models and clinical studies. However, few publications are available on TMS stimulators and even less on TMS stimulators for use on small animals such as rodents and mice. Current commercial TMS stimulators are very expensive and they have limited usage due to the coil's unique geometry and size. Perhaps an important contrasting is that commercial coils are large enough to stimulate the entire body of the small animal, so studies needed to focally stimulate part of the brain are impossible. Hence, in this article a novel design for a small size TMS stimulator has been proposed. TMS stimulator has been designed for the stimulation of small animals, namely mice and other rodents. This new design was created to focally stimulate parts of rodent brain instead of stimulating their whole body when a commercial coil is used. This will provide researchers an opportunity to choose small TMS coils since commercial TMS stimulators do not support small inductive loads [8]. Mice brains are very small in size when compared with human brains that consist of approximately 2 cm 2 surface area, whereas human brains have about 100 times more surface area [9]. This small area allows the distance between the coil and the surface of the brain to be small hence the field needed to stimulate the brain to initiate action potential is about 0.1Tesla [7]. This means the circuit designed has to be capable of handling current more than 300 A. In addition, the proposed design provides additional flexibility, so that the coil can be changed to match the required specification of other coil designs for different locations of stimulation. Figure 1 shows the TMS stimulator and a coil positioned on a mice model.
Red Tape, Corruption, and Distributive Politics

This paper investigates the distributive politics of red tape, the time-consuming bureaucratic hurdles and minutiae attached to the pursuit of government benefits and services. A simple model suggests that red tape has potentially progressive effects when it is utilized as a mechanism to screen out high-income individuals with high opportunity costs of time by a social welfare maximizing social planner. When implemented by a corrupt bureaucrat, however, red tape is also regressive, screening out poorer individuals who may be willing to pay but are constrained in their ability to pay the bribes required to clear red tape. This provides arbitrage opportunities for clientelist intermediaries who specialize in cutting red tape in exchange for the political loyalty of poor voters.
Biochemical adaptation in brain Acetylcholinesterase during acclimation to sub-lethal temperatures in the eurythermal fish Tilapia mossambica

Tilapia mossambica is a eurythermal tropical fish. We studied the effect of temperature on the kinetics of brain Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) during adaptation to sublethal temperatures by acclimating the fish to 37 °C, and controls to 25 °C. Electrophoresis showed the presence of two AChE bands that did not change in position or intensity with acclimation period or temperature. The apparent Km was 0.23 ± 0.01 mM ATChI and remained relatively constant over the in vitro assay temperature range 10 °C to 40 °C. Biochemical characterization suggested that the enzyme is a ‘eurytolerant protein’ in its stability of kinetic and thermal properties over a wide temperature range. Thermal stability and arrhenius plots suggested that the AChE was made up of two forms that differed in their thermal properties.The two molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase were purified from the brain of T. mossambica. Molecular weight studies revealed that the two forms were size isomers: a monomer of 59 KDa and a tetramer of 244 KDa. They differed in their Kms, thermal stabilities and energies of activation. We suggest that biochemical adaptation to temperature in the brain acetylcholinerase system of the fish Tilapia mossambica is based on the aggregation-dissociation of these size isomers.
The resiliency of image memorability: A predictor of memory separate from attention and priming.

Abstract Recent work has demonstrated there is a power within images to impact our later memories—an intrinsic stimulus memorability that influences memory behavior consistently across observers. This memorability is computed as explicitly reported memory performance on each image, and is significantly correlated from observer to observer. Interestingly, neuroimaging work has found that memorable versus forgettable images show distinct, early patterns within the brain even when participants are not performing an explicit memory task. Thus, a key question is whether memorability effects reflect a more automatic, bottom-up process, or are the result of top-down attentional processes. Further, how do bottom-up and top-down processes interact with stimulus memorability to influence ultimate memory performance? The current study explores these questions through the lens of four classical psychological phenomena shown to influence memory. First, a directed forgetting task shows that cognitive control is unable to override the effects of stimulus memorability. Second, an experiment manipulating depth of processing reveals a performance boost for memorable images regardless of the depth at which they are encoded. Third, results from a visual search experiment show that memorable images do not trigger automatic attentional capture, or pop-out. Finally, results from a repetition priming task demonstrate that memorability and priming are independent phenomena. In sum, memorability is an isolable phenomenon, occurring automatically, and resilient to top-down influence.
Applying mass communication frameworks to study humor's impact: advancing the study of political satire

Political satire has been an object of study for communication researchers for more than a generation. Focused primarily on the political effects of satire exposure on attitudes and opinions, knowl...
La necesidad tiene cara de hereje

This article studies anticlericalism as religious dissent and criticism manifested in Chile during the 1820s. Although Chile was regarded as a Catholic republic, the analysis of anticlericalism shows that it was an important stream of political criticism that had its dissemination mainly through the press and theater. Nevertheless anticlericalism was not an organized movement; this religious response was led in a way that allowed anticlericalism to assume a defined political identity because of its secularizing potential, the promotion of religious tolerance, criticism of the ancient regime and the necessity to carry out reforms to the clergy in benefit of individual freedoms and national progress.
Enforced Separations: A Qualitative Examination of How Latinx Families Cope With Family Disruption Following the Deportation of a Parent:

During the past two decades, U.S. immigration policies have been tightened resulting in increased deportations of unauthorized persons residing in the United States. This qualitative phenomenologic...
Combining Docking Pose Rank and Structure with Deep Learning Improves Protein–Ligand Binding Mode Prediction over a Baseline Docking Approach

We present a simple, modular graph-based convolutional neural network that takes structural information from protein-ligand complexes as input to generate models for activity and binding mode prediction. Complex structures are generated by a standard docking procedure and fed into a dual-graph architecture that includes separate subnetworks for the ligand bonded topology and the ligand-protein contact map. Recent work has indicated that data set bias drives many past promising results derived from combining deep learning and docking. Our dual-graph network allows contributions from ligand identity that give rise to such biases to be distinguished from effects of protein-ligand interactions on classification. We show that our neural network is capable of learning from protein structural information when, as in the case of binding mode prediction, an unbiased data set is constructed. We next develop a deep learning model for binding mode prediction that uses docking ranking as input in combination with docking structures. This strategy mirrors past consensus models and outperforms a baseline docking program (AutoDock Vina) in a variety of tests, including on cross-docking data sets that mimic real-world docking use cases. Furthermore, the magnitudes of network predictions serve as reliable measures of model confidence.
An Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Plugin Electric Vehicles Joining to Charging/Discharging Station in Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) Networks

Incorporating electric vehicles into smart grid,vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) makes it feasible to charge for large-scale electric vehicles,and in turn support electric vehicles,as mobile and distributed storage units,to discharge to smart grid.In order to provide reliable and efficient services,the operator of V2 G networks needs to monitor realtime status of every plug-in electric vehicle(PEV) and then evaluate current electricity storage capability.Anonymity,aggregation and dynamic management are three basic but crucial characteristics of which the services of V2 G networks should be.However,few of existing authentication schemes for V2 G networks could satisfy them simultaneously.In this paper,we propose a secure and efficient authentication scheme with privacy-preserving for V2 G networks.The scheme makes the charging/discharging station authenticate PEVs anonymously and manage them dynamically.Moreover,the monitoring data collected by the charging/discharging station could be sent to a local aggregator(LAG)in batch mode.In particular,time overheads during verification stage are independent with the number of involved PEVs,and there is no need to update the membership certificate and key pair before PEV logs out.
Coherent structure characteristics of the swirling flow during turbulent mixing in a multi-inlet vortex reactor

Improving the efficiency of the production of uniformly sized functional nanoparticles for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications has been a problem of great interest. The macroscale multi-inlet vortex Reactor (macro-MIVR) could potentially be used for this purpose due to its ability to achieve the rapid mixing necessary for the flash nanoprecipitation nanoparticle fabrication technique. In the presented work, the coherent structures, a key contributor to the turbulent mixing, were investigated for the turbulent swirling flow within the MIVR. The two-point spatial correlations of velocity and concentration fluctuations at various basepoints were measured from instantaneous velocity and concentration fields obtained using simultaneous stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence. The basepoint locations were chosen as the middle and at the edge of the partially mixed concentration spiral arms. The correlations were found to be elliptical in shape, inclined, and peaked at the basepoints. A region near the basepoint was positively correlated and was surrounded by negatively correlated regions. Autocorrelations of concentration were also elliptical and curved toward the center of the reactor. The linear stochastic estimation was used to interpret the coherent structure features that would result in the observed spatial correlations. The linear stochastic estimates of the velocity fields were computed directly from the cross correlations of the tangential velocity fluctuations with the concentration fluctuations. The estimated conditional velocity fields revealed obliquely oriented counter-rotating vortical structures that stir the fluid from high-concentration regions to low-concentration regions, and the orientation of these vortical structures depended on the local concentration gradient.
More Comments on Camp's REIT Proposals

This article comments on proposals with respect to real estate investment trusts in the draft Tax Reform Act of 2014 released in March by the House Ways & Means Committee.
Age-and Region-Dependent Disposition of Raloxifene in Rats

Raloxifene undergoes extensive glucuronidation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the liver. However, the impact of age on raloxifene disposition has never been studied. The purpose of this paper is to determine glucuronidation and Pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles of raloxifene in rats at different ages. Raloxifene glucuronidation was characterized using S9 fractions prepared from different intestinal segments and the liver of F344 rats at 4-, 11-, and 28-week. PK studies were conducted to determine raloxifene oral bioavailability at different ages. Raloxifene and its glucuronides were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Raloxifene-6-glucuronide and raloxifene-4′-glucuronide were detected as the major metabolites and the ratio of these two glucuronides were different ranging from 2.1 to 4.9 folds in the ileum, jejunum, liver, and duodenum, and from 14.5 to 50 folds in the colon. The clearances in the duodenum at 4-week for both two glucuronides were significantly lower than those at the other two ages. PK studies showed that the oral bioavailability of raloxifene is age dependent. The absolute oral bioavailability of raloxifene was 3.5-folds higher at 4-week compared to that at 11-weeks. When raloxifene was administered through IV bolus, its half-life was 5.9 ± 1.16 h and 3.7 ± 0.68 h at 11-and 4-week, respectively. These findings suggested that raloxifene metabolism in the duodenum was significantly slower at young age in rats, which increased the oral bioavailability of raloxifene. At 11-week, enterohepatic recycling efficiency was higher than that of 4-week. Raloxifene’s dose at different ages should be carefully considered.
Stretching fibronectin

Fibronectin (FN) matrix fibrils assembled in cell culture have been observed to stretch in response to cell movements, and when broken relax to 1/3 to 1/4 of their rest length. Two molecular mechanisms have been proposed for the elasticity. One proposes that FN molecules in relaxed fibers are bent and looped into a compact conformation, and stretching pulls the molecules into the extended conformation but domains remain folded. The second proposes that molecules in fibrils are already extended, and stretching is produced by force-induced unfolding of FN type III domains. Experimental observations that may help distinguish these two possibilities are discussed.
The Idealized Electoral College voting mechanism and shareholder power.

Abstract Increasing concern over corporate governance has led to calls for more shareholder influence over corporate decisions, but allowing shareholders to vote on more issues may not affect the quality of governance. We should expect instead that, under current rules, shareholder voting will implement the preferences of the majority of large shareholders and management. This is because majority rule offers little incentive for small shareholders to vote. I offer a potential remedy in the form of a new voting rule, the Idealized Electoral College (IEC), modeled on the American Electoral College, that significantly increases the expected impact that a given shareholder has on election. The benefit of the mechanism is that it induces greater turnout, but the cost is that it sometimes assigns a winner that is not preferred by a majority of voters. Therefore, for issues on which management and small shareholders are likely to disagree, the IEC is superior to majority rule.
MolAR: Bringing Chemical Structures to Life with Augmented Reality and Machine Learning (preprint)

Visualizing three-dimensional molecular structures is crucial to understanding and predicting their chemical behavior. Existing visualization software, however, can be cumbersome to use, and, for many, hand-drawn skeletal structures remain the preferred method of chemical communication. Although convenient, the static, two-dimensional nature of these drawings can be misleading in conveying the molecule’s 3D structure, not to mention that dynamic movement is completely disregarded. Here, we combine machine learning and augmented reality (AR) to develop MolAR, an immersive mobile application for visualizing molecules in real-world scenes. The application uses deep learning to recognize hand-drawn hydrocarbons structures which it converts into interactive 3D molecules in AR. Users can also “hunt” for chemicals in food and drink to uncover molecules in their real-life environment. A variety of interesting molecules are pre-loaded into the application, and users can visualize molecules in PubChem by providing their name or SMILES string and proteins in the Protein Data Bank by providing their PDB ID. MolAR was designed to be used in both research and education settings, providing an almost barrierless platform to visualize and interact with 3D molecular structures in a uniquely immersive way.
Genetic and Structural Examination of the Legiobactin Siderophore

Bacteria have evolved numerous ways to acquire iron from the environment, but a common mechanism is the production of siderophores. Siderophores are electronegative, iron-regulated, low-molecular-weight compounds produced by bacteria and fungi that bind ferric iron and facilitate its internalization via specific receptors. Siderophores are secondary metabolites mainly synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases that are similar to those used for antibiotic synthesis. Iron-bound siderophores are usually recognized at the cell surface by specific receptors in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that internalize the ferrisiderophore. Siderophores are extremely effective in binding the Fe3+ ion because they contain the most effective iron binding ligands in nature, consisting of hydroxamate, catecholate, and α-hydroxycarboxylate ligands that form hexadentate Fe3+ complexes, thus satisfying the six coordination sites on ferric ions. The authors showed that L. pneumophila could produce a high-affinity iron-chelator. When grown at 37°C in a low-iron chemically defined medium (CDM), L. pneumophila secretes a low-molecular-weight substance that is reactive in the Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay. Indeed, legiobactin does not extract into common solvents that are used to extract catecholate and hydroxamate siderophores. The legiobactin peak is the portion of L. pneumophila supernatants that promotes growth of iron-starved legionellae and is absent in the lbtA mutant supernatants. As was the case using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, proton NMR analysis of purified legiobactin demonstrates that the siderophore contains only aliphatic residues. Currently, the authors are working toward determining the structure of legiobactin based on two-dimensional-NMR, elemental analysis, and Maldi experiments.
Internal image properties of a monoclonal auto-anti-idiotypic antibody and its binding to aldosterone receptors.

Abstract A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (H10E4C9F) that interacts with the aldosterone receptors was generated using an auto-anti-idiotypic approach by immunizing a mouse with a 3-O-carboxymethyloxime of aldosterone coupled to bovine serum albumin. This antibody, an IgG1, displayed internal image properties of aldosterone and was considered as an Ab2 beta according to the following criteria. (i) H10E bound to Fab fragments of affinity-purified rabbit anti-aldosterone antibody that had high affinity for aldosterone (Kd = 5 x 10(-10) M). Binding was inhibited by aldosterone but not by estradiol. (ii) H10E inhibited [3H]aldosterone binding to rabbit polyclonal antibodies and also to murine monoclonal antibodies raised during the same fusion. Inhibition was concentration-dependent. These results are consistent with the antibody recognizing an interspecies cross-reacting epitope involved in the aldosterone combining site. (iii) The antibody could be affinity-purified on an immobilized monoclonal anti-aldosterone antibody. (iv) It inhibited [3H]aldosterone binding to rabbit kidney cytosolic aldosterone receptors but had no effect on glucocorticoid receptors. Additional evidence for the interaction of H10E with aldosterone receptors was provided by glycerol gradients analyses: the anti-idiotypic antibody displaced [3H]aldosterone and [3H]corticosterone from the native untransformed 9 S aldosterone receptor in the presence of RU 26988, a specific marker of glucocorticoid receptors. All of the above are consistent with the first successful production of a monoclonal antibody that mimics aldosterone and interacts specifically with the steroid binding domain of aldosterone receptors.
Pelvic endometriosis: Infertility and pelvic pain

A multifactorial approach was used by the authors to analyze data from 119 women with endometriosis and infertility. Conservative surgical procedures afforded a mean pregnancy rate of 37.7 per cent for those women with significant disease. Only 6.7 per cent became pregnant when the proposed surgery was declined. There was an inverse relationship in severity of endometriotic involvement and pregnancy rate. The mean pregnancy rate among 17 patients with minimal disease for whom surgery was discouraged was 64.7 per cent; all pregnancies occurred within the first 2 years of follow-up. Relief of pelvic pain was dramatic, especially following presacral neurectomy. Laparoscopic selection of cases further reinforces the importance of grading severity of endometriosis prior to embarking on restorative surgery. Presacral neurectomy, despite reinforcement of pain relief, did not appear to contribute significantly to the occurrence of pregnancy.
OWL Reasoning in the Real World: Searching for Godot.

I will provide an overview of many of the use cases that we looked at to apply OWL ABox reasoning in the real world. The fields we covered included (a) healthcare, and life sciences where the plethora of ontologies might be seen as providing a strong use case for OWL reasoning, (b) information retrieval over unstructured text, (c) master data management, which involves reasoning over product and consumer data incorporated from multiple data sources within an enterprise. In each case, we ran into a series of bottlenecks including incorrect modeling of constructs in the ontology, inherent difficulties in scaling OWL reasoning to real world requirements, needing formalisms outside that of OWL, and needing techniques to semi-automate the construction of ontologies. At least in the use cases we had seen, there is a need for performing TBox OWL reasoning over expressive ontologies, but most realistic uses of ABox reasoning have to be relatively simple in terms of expressivity, for practical reasons.