cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Influence inside the College Walls: Progressive Era Universities, Social Scientists, and Intercollegiate Football Reform

At the height of the Progressive Era a number of social scientists, educational leaders, and politicians called for the reform of intercollegiate football. Since the 1880s football had become a popular spectacle, and many were concerned that it was corrupting the country's universities and college men. This article considers the progressive movement to reform football in the context of programs to make the modern American university useful at the turn of the century—including the Wisconsin Idea of state government developed in Madison and the University of Chicago's sponsorship of settlement houses, social work, and university extension. Although many progressives wanted the university to affect society, most were less enthusiastic about the prospect that elements of that society (what Wisconsin historian Frederick Jackson Turner dubbed “public influence”) would affect the university. Social scientists theorized the relationship between the university and the public and constructed an intellectual basis for football reform. Reforms proposed and in some cases adopted demonstrated ambivalence regarding football's academic and public role. Reformers wanted to preserve the popular, profitable, and potentially educational enterprise of football, but they also hoped to curtail its influence over burgeoning universities. The Progressive Era effort to control college football and channel it into constructive directions in many ways demonstrates the paradoxical nature of Progressive Era reform and inadvertently contributed to the institutionalization of “big time” intercollegiate athletics.
A programmable BIST design for PLL static phase offset estimation and clock duty cycle detection

Reference spur is a nonlinear effect and important specification in PLL for long term jitter. Periodic events of reference clock create a static phase offset between signals. The finite phase offset comes from charge pump mismatch and layout asymmetry. This paper presents a built-in self-test (BIST) circuit applied for PLL static phase offset (SPO) estimation. The proposed circuit takes advantage of an integrator for time-to-voltage conversion (TVC). Along with comparators and counters, a BIST can be constructed for an estimation of mismatch ratio down to 1% over process corners in simulation (10 psec for lnsec pulse width). The calibration can be operated in a closed-loop PLL with lock signal. Additional circuits including delay lines and non-inverting amplifiers are designed for fast calibration. The result shows at least 27 times faster detection speed can be achieved over process corners. The phase offset between PLL reference and feedback signal is essentially the duty cycle difference, and the test is also applied for duty cycle distortion. Related analysis and measurement are included.
Partners in crime: Genes within an amplicon collude to globally deregulate chromatin in lymphoma.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Rui et al. identify JAK2 and JMJDC2 as two contiguous, coamplified oncogenes in primary mediastinal B cell and Hodgkin lymphoma. Together, JAK2 and JMJD2C induce major changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Targeting these proteins with small molecules represents a new avenue for therapy.
High-spin organic molecules

Organic molecules with high-spin ground states, besides being fundamentally interesting, possess numerous potential applications in diverse fields such organic magnetism, MRI contrast agents, and spintronics. Such molecules, once thought to exist only as highly reactive intermediates, can be rationally designed to have adequate stability for organic synthesis and characterization. This Synopsis provides an overview of the factors that lead to high-spin ground states as well as recent progress in the design and synthesis of high-spin organic molecules.
Relationship of obesity to diabetes: Influence of obesity level and body fat distribution

The relationship of clinical diabetes to body fat distribution and obesity level was examined in 15,532 women. After adjusting for relative weight, all upper body segment girth measurements (neck, bust, and waist) had strong positive associations with diabetes. In contrast, the lower body segment girth measurement (hips) had an equally strong but inverse association with diabetes. Based upon waist-to-hip girth ratio, women were divided into four subgroups. The prevalence of diabetes increased with increasing values of this ratio. Women in the upper quartile had about three times the prevalence of diabetes as women of comparable obesity level in the lowest quartile. Women with both upper body fat predominance and severe obesity had a relative risk of diabetes 10.3 times as great as nonobese subjects with lower body fat predominance. The results suggest that localization of fat in the upper body segment and severe obesity are two distinct additive risks for diabetes.
Acute Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Severe Preeclampsia

Summary A 32-year-old woman developed bilateral blindness along with severe preeclampsia of pregnancy. Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed chalky-white optic disks with only minimal changes in the retinal vasculature. After caesarean section, the preeclampsia improved, and complete return of visual acuity occurred during a three-day period. Blindness has rarely been reported as a complication of preeclampsia. In almost all cases it has been associated with severe compromise of the retinal vasculature. Conversely, the ophthalmoscopic findings in our case strongly support acute ischemic optic neuropathy as the cause of blindness.
Induction of matrix Gla protein synthesis during prolonged 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment of osteosarcoma cells.

The synthesis of matrix Gla protein (MGP) and bone Gla protein (BGP) have been shown to be mutually exclusive in all osteosarcoma cell lines investigated. In the cell lines that produce the respective proteins, synthesis is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) within the first several hours of hormone treatment. In the present studies we have investigated the effects of longer-term treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 in the ROS 17/2 cell line, a cell line that synthesizes BGP constitutively but does not synthesize MGP. In agreement with earlier studies, the rate of BGP synthesis increases within 8 hours of hormone treatment, is maximal by 24 hours, and remains at the maximal rate through 48 hours of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The present study is the first to report that the rate of BGP secretion at times beyond 48 hours declines to that of control cultures despite the continued administration of 1,25(OH)2D3, and that MGP synthesis is induced in ROS 17/2 cells by 48 hours of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. At this time, MGP mRNA could be detected by northern blot analysis and MGP secretion could be demonstrated by radioimmunoassay of culture medium. Both the level of MGP message per unit total RNA and the rate of MGP secretion into culture medium increased steadily between 2 and 6 days of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The MGP synthesized by the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated ROS 17/2 cells was identical to that found in bone by northern blot analysis of message and by western blot analysis of the media antigen. Halfmaximal induction of MGP synthesis was obtained with 0.3 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, a 60-fold higher dosage than was required for the half maximal stimulation of BGP synthesis in these cells. Treatment of ROS 17/2 cells with 24,24-F21,25(OH)2D3 suggests that the observed difference in dose dependence is not due to an increased rate of hormone catabolism.
A Clearer View of Singing Voice Production: 25 Years of Progress

Summary Voice research has enjoyed its most productive period of history during the past 25 years. Many of the enigmas related to the biomechanics and acoustics of the singing voice have been resolved. This paper presents state of-the-art understanding regarding the following topics: vibrato, the singer's formant, formant tracking, voice registers, subglottal pressure, voice classification, modes of vocal fold vibration, laryngeal position during singing, flow glottography, and singing synthesis. In addition to these topics, the people who ave made the most significant contributions to the advancement of singing research are recognized.
Stereospecificity and mechanism of adenosylcobalamin-dependent diol dehydratase. Catalysis and inactivation with meso- and dl-2,3-butanediols as substrates

A comparative study of the reaction of meso-, d-, and dl-2,3-butanediols with adenosylcobalamin-dependent dioldehydratase was carried out. While the meso isomer is both a substrate and inactivator of holoenzyme, the d and dl compounds act as purely competitive inhibitors, neither undergoing catalysis nor inactivating holoenzyme. Furthermore, d- and dl-2,3-butanediols protect holoenzyme from oxygen inactivation and enzyme-bound cofactor from photolysis, and do not induce detectable cleavage of the carbon-cobalt bond of cofactor. These results show that the stereospecificity of the inactivation reaction is the same as that of catalysis, suggest that hydrogen abstraction from C-1 of substrate may be concerted with cleavage of the carbon-cobalt bond of adenosylcobalamin, and further suggest that formation of a carbon-cobalt bond between coenzyme and substrate is not obligatory for catalysis.
In Vitro Activity of Cefepime/AAI101 and Comparators against Cefepime Non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae

We evaluated the in vitro potency of cefepime combined with AAI101, a novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor, against a population of clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from USA hospitals. Of the 223 cefepime non-susceptible isolates, 95% were ceftazidime non-susceptible, 49% ertapenem non-susceptible, 57% piperacillin/tazobactam non-susceptible, 90% were multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 drug classes), 22% produced carbapenemases, and 67% produced ESBLs. Addition of AAI101 restored the activity of cefepime such that the MIC50 was reduced from >64 mg/L for cefepime to 0.13 mg/L for cefepime/AAI101, supporting its continued development treatment for infections caused by these organisms.
Response to the review essay by Richard P. Phelps

We believe that educational assessment researchers and practitioners in every country are fundamentally in the same trench, sharing as their goal improvement in student learning. However, we could ...
Cook v. FDA and the importation and release of lethal injection drugs.

In Cook v. FDA,1 the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit unanimously affirmed a March 2012 decision by the DC District Court permanently enjoining the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from permitting the entry of foreign manufactured sodium thiopental (thiopental) into interstate commerce. The decision is a serious setback for the FDA's use of its enforcement discretion. Cook may also limit the FDA's ability to import unapproved drugs to alleviate shortages, and could affect lethal injection litigation in dozens of states.
American State Supreme Court Justices, 1900-1970

What are the paths that lead to the state supreme court bench? If we can identify these paths, can we then determine that they produce distinctive patterns in a court3 decision making? Based on a study of 694 judges who sat on 16selected American state supreme courts between 1900 and 1970, this article finds that the appellate judiciary was drawn from a variety of legal and political backgrounds rather than from any single career line. The judges came from both non-elite and elite law schools. About half had no substantial lower court judicial experience. Over one-third had been public prosecutors, another third had held other elective political office, and only a small minority had practiced in multilawyer big-city law firms. The article reports changes over time in these and other judicial characteristics (such CIS age, turnover, political party affiliations) and describes interstate differences. Few significant statistical relationships are found, however, between the background characteristics of judges and selected characteristics of state supreme court opinions.
Test features of the HP PA7100LC processor

The implementation of an 1149.1 compliant test controller for a low cost, high performance CMOS RISC processor is described. The controller includes features to support I/sub DDQ/ test, internal test, a hardware assisted instruction buffer test, and at speed internal state capture. >
Artificial armored shorelines: sites for open-coast species in a southern California bay

Artificial hard substrates have been used to stabilize naturally soft bay shorelines for centuries. Despite the loss of over half of the natural shoreline in many bays, little attention has been paid to the communities inhabiting armored shorelines and to the ecological implications of armoring. The goal of the present study was to examine factors affecting spatial and temporal variation of intertidal, hard-substrate biota (emergent species and fishes), with emphases on the influence of exposure, distance from the open ocean, and similarity to open-coast, hard-substrate communities. We examined community composition at eight San Diego Bay (California, USA) sites (an exposed and a protected site at four bay locations) in June and November 2000 and two open-coast sites in August 2000. At all bay sites, the shore was armored with granite boulders, a form of shoreline stabilization referred to as "riprap." Community structure was more variable spatially than temporally on the scales we studied, affected more by distance from the bay mouth and exposure to wave energy than by differences between June and November. Exposed sites near the bay mouth were more similar to natural open-coast sites, sharing about 45% of their species, than protected sites and sites farther from the mouth, which shared as few as 8%. Species richness was generally higher in exposed than protected bay sites. Species tended to occur higher in the intertidal zone at exposed than protected sites, and higher in November, when sea level was higher, than in June. Such results will be useful to shoreline managers who examine the ecological implications of hardening long stretches of coastline and may suggest ways to incorporate artificial structures into ecosystems in a more meaningful way.
The effects of communication latency upon synchronization and dynamic load balance on a hypercube

The effects of communication latency upon dynamic load balance for computations which require global synchronization are discussed. Experimental results from the study of the performance of iteration methods on an NCUBE 1 are presented. Discussions are restricted to the case when all processing elements (PEs) execute the same program, but on different data; the so-called SPMD paradigm. >
Urinary biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury is a common condition in hospitalized patients with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Although impressive progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of kidney injury, the ability to effectively treat and thus impact on the outcomes of acute kidney injury has been disappointing. One of the major reasons for this has been the reliance on current measures of renal dysfunction, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, which are insensitive to small changes in renal function and subtle signs of kidney injury. This insensitivity of commonly used biomarkers of renal dysfunction not only prevents timely diagnosis and estimation of injury severity, but also delays administration of putative therapeutic agents. A number of serum and urinary proteins have been identified that may herald acute kidney injury prior to a rise in serum creatinine. Further characterization of these candidate biomarkers will clarify their utility and define new diagnostic and prognostic paradigms for acute kidney injury, facilitate clinical trials and lead to novel effective therapies.
Effect of Ejaculation Frequency on the Water Volume of Rabbit Spermatozoa as Determined by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

An electron spin resonance (ESR) technique using 2 lI-Tempone to measure the water-accessible volume of rabbit spermatozia was evaluated. We determined that the ESR signal from 2 H-Tempone in buffer decayed after being combined with spermatozoa and that the rate of decay was variable among sperm samples. To reduce variation in sperm voiume determinations, a method was developed that accounts for the decay during the period of observation. ESR of 2 FI-Tempone also was used to measure the water-accessible volume of sperm from rabbits ejaculated once daily for 4 days following a 1-2-week sexual rest. Under this regimen, the average water volume determined by ESR declined from 15 �.zm’ on the first day of ejaculation to 6.3 kim’ on the fourth successive day of ejaculation. However, no corresponding decrease was observed in dimensions of sperm in photomicrographs. We concluded that the nature of the interaction of sperm and 2 H-Tempone was affected by the ejaculation frequency of the animal providing the sample, resulting in a decreased ESR signal but not a real decrease in sperm volume. Although the biological significance of these observations is not yet understood, we suggest that the ejaculation regimen of an animal should be considered when determining sperm water volume using ESR.
Dancing Pina Bausch

The Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch performed Nefes in Wroclaw, Poland, only hours after receiving news of their director’s sudden death on 30 June 2009. The unique empathic dynamics of the performance offer a window onto the evolution of Bausch’s artistic vision and working process over the past three decades.
Polarography of the ethylidinium ion of N-ethyl-N-1-naphthylmethyl-2-chloroethylamine.

Abstract A study of the polarographic reduction ofethylidinium ions indicates that this methodprovides for a useful, rapid, and sensitivemeans of quantitative estimation.
Two Other Wrongs Don't Make a Right: Sacrificing the Needs of Diverse Students Does Not Solve Gifted Education's Unresolved Problems

While Robinson argues that we are sacrificing the needs of gifted students—“we are punishing the innocent for the sins of a society that has been unable to conquer these problems” (p. 251)—I propose a different argument: We are punishing diverse students, also innocent victims, for the sins of a society and an educational system that have not adequately addressed historical and contemporary social injustices. Minority students who are gifted and have the potential to achieve at higher levels are being denied opportunities to participate in gifted education for numerous reasons. This position is followed by examples of such ills and recommendations that support and build upon those provided by Robinson to solve or resolve problems associated with the unnecessary competition between excellence and equity and between gifted education and diversity. I think that the different positions held by Robinson and myself both point to one central question: “How can schools provide all young people with certain basics that are necessary to their common citizenship and, at the same time, give them the diverse opportunities and treatment that their differential abilities require?” (Gardner, 1984, p. 89).
Managing Referrals for Children With Receptive Language Delay

This study investigates relations between language and cognitive scores in children with receptive language (RL) delay and suggests guidelines for referral for cognitive testing. This retrospective review of the test scores of 41 children, ages 17 to 76 months (mean = 37.7 months), focuses on examining associations between RL and cognitive scores. Results show that mean RL scores are positively correlated with mean cognitive scores and that receptive scores are significant predictors of cognitive performance. Children with RL scores of >1 standard deviation below the mean are at risk for concomitant cognitive deficits. Because children with RL delay are at considerable risk for cognitive deficits, the authors recommend considering referral for cognitive testing when RL standard scores fall below 85.
SmartExtract: accurate capacitance extraction for SOC designs

Most capacitance extraction tools used in SOC designs use 2.5D methods and suffer from inherent limitations in accuracy. Often accuracy is traded off in lieu of runtime. In addition, every net in a design is extracted to same level of accuracy. As interconnect RC is a significant portion of circuit performance, errors in capacitance extraction directly affects the maximum attainable chip frequency. In this paper, a new methodology for accurate capacitance extraction called SmartExtract is described. Not all nets in a design need high degree of capacitance extraction accuracy. SmartExtract exploits this scenario and enables selective accuracy of extraction based on timing criteria. Application of this methodology to 90nm and 65nm DSP designs is described.
Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics Study of Liquid and Amorphous Carbon

Tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations are performed to study the structure of liquid and amorphous carbon. Comparisons of our results with ab initio molecular dynamics (Car-Parrinello) results and experimental data show that the scheme has sufficient accuracy and efficiency for realistic simulation study of the structural properties of complex carbon systems.
Substantial radiation enhancement in photoconductive terahertz emitters by utilizing plasmonic contact electrodes

We experimentally demonstrate that utilizing plasmonic contact electrodes enhances the optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of photoconductive terahertz emitters and offers more than 50-times higher radiation powers compared to conventional photoconductive terahertz emission techniques without plasmonic electrodes.
Elevated distress among patients undergoing screening for lung cancer

Objective: Low-dose CT scanning has recently been recommended to screen patients at elevated risk of developing lung cancer, however, limited data exist describing distress experienced by this at-risk population. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence and risk factors of high distress among patients undergoing screening for lung cancer. Methods: The validated National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (DT) was used to evaluate distress prior to and following lung cancer screening among 228 patients attending the Center for Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention at the Stony Brook Cancer Center between September 30, 2013 and September 29, 2014. Clinically significant distress was defined by a score ≥ 4 on the DT instrument and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with high distress. Results: Forty-three percent of study participants experienced elevated distress prior to screening, while approximately one-third of patients reported distress scores ≥ 4 post-screening. Risk factors for elevated distress before screening included female gender (OR = 2.68; 95% CI [1.51, 4.77]) and having a positive family history of lung cancer (OR = 2.02 [1.04, 3.91]), while significant associations with post-screening distress were found among females (OR = 3.16 [1.73, 5.80]), current smokers (1.85 [1.00, 3.42]) and those with a positive personal history of a non-cancerous lung diagnosis (OR = 1.87 [1.00, 3.51]). Conclusions: The lung cancer screening population is a vulnerable group burdened by increased levels of distress. The screening visit represents a unique opportunity to not only educate patients about lung health and smoking cessation but additionally to address issues related to psychological wellness.
Room shape reconstruction with a single mobile acoustic sensor

This paper studies the problem of recovering the geometry of a polygonal room via the room impulse response. Specifically, a single mobile node, with co-located loudspeaker and microphone, is deployed and times of arrival of the first-order echoes are used for room shape reconstruction. The uniqueness of the mapping between the first-order echoes and the room geometry is guaranteed for most polygons with one important exception, namely parallelogram. Algorithmic procedure is proposed to eliminate the higher-order echoes and retrieve the room geometry. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
The effect of theoretical assumptions on pedagogical methods: a case study of second language Chinese tones

The acquisition of the third tone (T3) in Chinese is one of the most challenging tasks for adults who are learning Chinese as a second language. This paper looks at how assumptions made in theoretical linguistics shape current teaching methods, and investigates the effect of those teaching methods on the acquisition of tones. This study examines the perception and production of the three allophones of T3 by speakers of English who have been taught in the ‘Full-T3 First’ method. By examining the performance of beginner, intermediate and advanced learners, this study proposes that seemingly contradictory phenomena observed in learners' tonal phonologies can be ascribed to the overproduction of Full-T3. It is argued that this overproduction can be traced back to assumptions made within theoretical linguistics. 摘要:汉语普通话的第三声历来被认为是第二习得者最难掌握的声调之一。本文调查了初、中、高级水平学习者对第三声的三个不同变体的习得状况,其中包括学习者的听和说的具体表现。调查结果显示,中文水平越低的学习者越易将半三声(短低调)发成全三声(低升降调),造成'过度使用全三声’的情况。大量的全三声代替半三声的现象导致母语者将它们误判成第二声(上升调),引发一系列矛盾现象。本文通过对实验数据的分析,逐一解释造成矛盾的成因,认为目前的三声教学模式及其理论基础是其主要原因。全三声被假设为三声的基本或者标准形式弱化了半三声在学习者三声习得过程中的作用。本文呼吁重视对不同理论基础所推导出的不同教学模式的研究,提倡三声教学方式多样化,以进一步研究并确定有效的三声教学法。
H. Pertussis Vaccines The Effect of Washing and the use of Mouse Protection Tests

Widely divergent results have been reported in field studies on immunization against pertussis with phase I H. pertussis vaccines. Sauer1 has reported a very high degree of protection in children innoculated with the phase I vaccine bearing his name. Kendrick and her associates2 in a thorough and well controlled study over a period of several years have obtained unequivocal evidence of protection with their phase I vaccine. Daughtry-Denmark,3 Silverthorne, Eraser and Hendren,4 Singer-Brooks,5 and Miller and Faber6 in smaller field studies have added data confirmatory to Sauer and Kendrick. On the other hand Doull, Shibley and McClelland7 in a large and carefully controlled field study failed to obtain evidence of protection with their phase I vaccine.
Facial Representation of Multivariate Data

An application of a relatively new method of depicting multivariate data graphically, this article presents a method developed by Chernoff consisting of representing a point in k-dimensional space as a cartoon of a face. The authors briefly describe the mechanics of constructing a face as well as the geometric relationships involved, illustrate the use of faces as a method of portraying multivariate data graphically, and exemplify the use of this method in detecting subtle, yet potentially significant relationships among variables.
Laser Heating and Thermally Enhanced Deformation of Silicon

A novel hybrid system, using a fiber coupled infrared (IR) laser and through the tool delivery of the beam energy, has been developed for micro laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) of semiconductors and ceramics. This system uses diamond tooling and the laser energy is delivered to the work piece though the cutting tool. The diamond cutting tool and IR fiber laser are directly coupled and integrated into a single package. Of particular significance is that the combination of parameters, i.e. laser wavelength selected for specific materials (such as silicon and silicon carbide), permits heating and thermally softening the chip formation zone, while leaving the balance of the work piece unaffected (thermally). The system is being developed for nano-micro level machining processes, such as practiced with ductile regime machining of semiconductors and ceramics in the field of precision engineering.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Role of ring-constrained γ-amino acid residues in α/γ-peptide folding: single-conformation UV and IR spectroscopy.

The capped α/γ-peptide foldamers Ac-γACHC-Ala-NH-benzyl (γα) and Ac-Ala-γACHC-NH-benzyl (αγ) were studied in the gas phase under jet-cooled conditions using single-conformation spectroscopy. These molecules serve as models for local segments of larger heterogeneous 1:1 α/γ-peptides that have recently been synthesized and shown to form a 12-helix composed of repeating C12 H-bonded rings both in crystalline form and in solution [Guo, L.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16018]. The γα and αγ peptide subunits are structurally constrained at the Cβ–Cγ bond of the γ-residue with a cis-cyclohexyl ring and by an ethyl group at the Cα position. These triamides are the minimum length necessary for the formation of the C12 H-bond. Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) provides ultraviolet spectra that have contributions from all conformational isomers, while IR-UV hole-burning (IR-UV HB) and resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) spectroscopies are used to record single-conformation UV and IR spectra, respectively. F...
Dacus dorsalis: Vapor Heat Treatment in Papayas

Heating of 4-h-old eggs and nearly mature 3rd-instars of the oriental fruit fly in water in the laboratory indicated that minimum periods for 100% kill were 60, 14, 3, 1, or ¼ min at constant 43.3, 46.1, 48.9, 51.7 or 54.4°C, respectively, for 4-h-old eggs and 65, 18, 5, or ¼ min at constant 43.3, 46.1, 48.9, and 54.4°C, respectively, for 3rd instars. None of 262,555 eggs, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-instars located in 1095 heavily infested papayas at depths of 0–2.0 cm survived commercial-type vapor heat treatment. Treatment consisted of an average 11-h approach period to raise the mean temperature of the fruit from 23.3° to 44.4°C, and then holding the fruit at a constant mean temperature of 44.4°C for 8-¾h.
Use of a "pneumatic" tube in anatomic pathology

In anticipation of the temporary relocation of Surgical Pathology some distance from the operating rooms, a "pneumatic" tube system was installed to transport fresh tissue from surgery to pathology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The point-to-point 4-inch internal diameter system is actually of the blower or "pea-shooter" type. Side-opening carriers were preferred, and electronic sensors were installed for monitoring and safety. At the pathology end of the system, a complete panel of electrical controls exist that are capable of initiating the blower at either end, enabling full control. For possible future retrieval of stuck carriers, several points of mechanical entry were desired and constructed. The transit time over 886 feet varies with the weight of the specimen but averages 25-35 seconds. Thus far, after 32 months and 12,652 transits, no specimens have been lost or damaged. During the first few months, two specimens became stuck for reasons relating to human error but were easily retrieved. This system, in conjunction with operating room telephone intercoms, has become fully accepted and trusted by surgeons and pathologists.
Determining Promotional Effects by Experimental Design

Determining Promotional Effects by Experimental Design Bill R. Miller and Charles E. Strain 513 A Multivariate Analysis of Retail Prescription Prices Jeffrey A. Kotzan and Charles L. Braucher 517 Consumer Distance Transitivity John C. G. Boot and Richard D. Teach 521 The Price-Perceived Quality Relationship: Experimental Evidence Robert A. Peterson 525 Are Students Really Poor Substitutes for Businessmen in Behaviorial Research? Inder P. Khera and James D. Benson 529 Purchase Decisions and Group Influence Grady D. Bruce and Robert E. Witt 533 A Note on Never-Buyers A. S. C. Ehrenberg 536
HMGN proteins modulate chromatin regulatory sites and gene expression during activation of naïve B cells.

The activation of naive B lymphocyte involves rapid and major changes in chromatin organization and gene expression; however, the complete repertoire of nuclear factors affecting these genomic changes is not known. We report that HMGN proteins, which bind to nucleosomes and affect chromatin structure and function, co-localize with, and maintain the intensity of DNase I hypersensitive sites genome wide, in resting but not in activated B cells. Transcription analyses of resting and activated B cells from wild-type and Hmgn(-/-) mice, show that loss of HMGNs dampens the magnitude of the transcriptional response and alters the pattern of gene expression during the course of B-cell activation; defense response genes are most affected at the onset of activation. Our study provides insights into the biological function of the ubiquitous HMGN chromatin binding proteins and into epigenetic processes that affect the fidelity of the transcriptional response during the activation of B cell lymphocytes.
Numerical simulation of jet formation of cylinder-cone shaped charge

To study jet formation of cylinder-cone liner,the cylinder-cone shaped charge with shell was numerically simulated.The liner collapse and the initial jet formation was studied for the cylinder-cone shaped charge.The results reveal that the original jet is formed by the radial collapse and axial flowing of the cylinder part of liner,that compared with the traditional shaped charge which has the same thickness and cone corner of liner,the velocity of the top jet of the cylinder-cone shaped charge is more than 1000 m/s higher,and that the mass density is larger and the velocity at the axial direction is more stable ,which is good for improving the piercing performance.
On The Golden Bowl

Since its publication in 1904, The Golden Bowl has been a focal point around which much of the literary criticism of the James revival has swirled. The novel is often cited by the Jamesians as the apotheosis of the art of the Master; Leon Edel calls it, simply, “the richest of all [James’s] creations,” the “summit” of “his career as a novelist.” The anti-Jamesians have fastened onto it as an example of what is most spectacularly repugnant to them in James’s work. James himself, who once referred to The Ambassadors as the “best, all round” of his novels, told his agent and his publisher as he was finishing The Golden Bowl that he was “producing the best book I have ever done.” The novel, he wrote to Scribner’s, was “the most composed and constructed and completed” of his “productions” — “the solidest, as yet, of all my fictions.”
Enhanced Membrane Expression Of Cytoadhesion αIIbβ3 in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells by Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids

The ′epoxygenase pathway′ involves the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system first elucidated by Bate’s group in the early 1980’ s (1-5). The four regioisomeric products are the result of enzymatic addition of a highly reactive epoxide functionality across one of four double bonds present in the arachidonate molecule (Figure 1 ). Two regioisomers are of particular biological interest. 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) has the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation via its inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase (6,7) as well as the ability to stimulate thymidine incorporation in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (8), and secretion of growth hormones from somatotrophs via modulation of cAMP and Ca2+(9). 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is a substrate for
Altered Helper-T, Suppressor-T Cell Representation in Those with Advanced Stage Prostatic Cancer

Abstract The relative frequencies of mononuclear cell types found in the peripheral blood of patients bearing carcinoma of the prostate were compared by stage and to a control group using monoclonal antibody techniques. Patients with lower stage disease (A,B) had no alteration in subset distribution when compared to a control group, while those with higher stage disease (D) had significant deviations. Stage C patients had lesser increases in suppressor T, monocytic, granulocytic and null cell representation when compared to control and stage D values. Stage D patients had a decreased representation of helper T cells and an increased representation of suppressor T cells with an overall reduction in the total T cell content. In addition, stage D patients had elevated levels of cells, recognized by the polyspecific OKMI antibody, as having antigenicity associated with monocytic, granulocytic and null cell types. Alterations in the ratios between the various T cell populations could provide useful diagnostic/prognostic indicators for patient staging and treatment selection. These findings were extended by comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with primary tumor infiltrates from patients bearing prostatic tumors. Differences in the helper/suppressor-T cell ratios were found, primarily due to reduced helper-T cell presence within the infiltrates.
Whither Goest Thou, Catalysis

While the history of catalysis goes back to antiquity, catalysis as we know it today began in the nineteenth century with catalytic hydrogenation having its beginning with the report by Sabatier in 1897 on the hydrogenation of ethylene over a reduced NiO catalyst. The ground-work for future study of catalysis was laid in the early twentieth century primarily by what we would call today Physical Chemists. About the middle of the last century, though, catalysis, particularly catalytic hydrogenations and oxidations, began to be used more extensively in synthetic applications. With the primary interest being selectivity, these reactions became part of the synthetic chemist’s ‘tool box’. The last quarter of the past century saw an increased interest in understanding the details of the chemistry taking place on the catalyst surface. Surface Science techniques were used to define the nature of the active sites responsible for promoting specific reactions. EHMO calculations provided information on the nature of the interaction between the substrate and metal catalyst surface. This approach was recently replaced by the use of DFT calculations to obtain information on the energetics of the interaction of a metal surface and the substrate or presumed reaction intermediates. Another twenty-first century innovation was the introduction of “nano-technology” with nano-particles of metals being used as catalysts. Thirty years ago these were referred to as dispersed supported metal catalysts. The question is, then, with this introduction of new experimental and computational techniques, has the central goal of catalysis, efficient and selective synthetic capability and pollution abatement, been overshadowed by the very nature of the experimentation being used? Has the research leading to a more detailed understanding of the catalyst surface led to the preparation of more active and selective catalysts or are the better catalysts still being prepared by the old trial and error approach? Perhaps more efficient catalysts could be designed if there were a better understanding of what was taking place on the surface of ‘real world’ catalysts rather than on idealized substitutes. The presentation will cover a brief review of catalysis with emphasis on catalytic hydrogenation including proposals about the nature of catalytic active sites which were made through the years. Some suggestions will be made as well as the identification of some apparent contradictions. Finally, a few areas of potential future research interest will be mentioned.
An Alternative Classification Scheme for Uncertain Attribute Mapping

The reality of uncertain data cannot be ignored. Anytime that spatial data are used to assist planning, decision making, or policy generation, it is likely that error or uncertainty in the data wil...
Rethinking Race and Class in the Age of Advanced Marginality

This paper seeks to deconstruct the use of “class” as a conceptual category in scholarship that focuses on the intersections of race and class to: 1) identify the political projects inhered in these conceptualizations and 2) offer clarity on “class” as a location in the capitalist mode of production with specific political economic implications. Specifically, I want to answer the following questions: How do scholarly analyses of “class” reproduce an identity politics of rights and recognition? What are the implications of the deployment of class effectively as a cultural/identitarian category? How does the elision of the structural and material reality of class affect the Black population that falls outside of the “professional-managerial class”? Using the the work of Adolph Reed, Oliver Cromwell Cox, and Karl Marx as a theoretical frame, I will interrogate the work of Keeanga Yahmatta-Taylor, Manning Marable, William Julius Wilson, Loic Wacquant, and Cedric Johnson to identify the extent to which particular understandings of “class” tend to operate as cultural, as opposed to structural, categories in ways that reproduce “culture of poverty” narratives put forth by Oscar Lewis and reproduced by Daniel Patrick Moynihan and others throughout the 1970s. I argue that this “culturalization” of class lends to a politics that prioritizes “discrimination” over structural inequality and liberal notions of racial justice over redistribution. In other words, it is fundamental compatible with Neoliberal discourse of equity, inclusion, and individual responsibility.
Digging deeper in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of MRD status on outcome in second remission.

Measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the bone marrow (BM) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) or quantitative PCR directed to T-cell receptor or immunoglobulin gene rearrangements co...
Novel MRI and CT compatible stereotactic brain biopsy system in dogs using patient-specific facemasks.

Objective The objective of this pilot study was to describe the application and first preliminary data of a novel MRI and CT compatible patient-specific facemask for stereotactic brain biopsy of intracranial lesions in dogs. Methods Five client-owned dogs presenting for neurological deficits consistent with forebrain disease were included in the study. All dogs had MRI findings consistent with an intracranial lesion. Using images obtained from either MRI or CT, a virtual three-dimensional model of each dog's face was generated. The contact surface of each dog's face was selected for facemask design and a target point for biopsy was chosen using specialised software and toolkits. A patient-specific facemask with an attached biopsy port with premeasured and preselected trajectory was then fabricated by a 3D printer. The facemasks were sterilised and used intraoperatively to obtain biopsy samples. Biopsy samples were submitted for both cytological and histopathological evaluation. Results The diagnostic yield based on specific histological diagnosis was 80%. The one case in which a histological diagnosis could not be confirmed had a cytological interpretation consistent with meningioma. No major complications were observed during or immediately after brain biopsy and all dogs were discharged from the hospital within 72 hours postprocedure. Clinical Significance In conclusion, patient-specific facemasks appear to be a safe and effective method of brain biopsy in dogs, with minimal complications observed.
Managing Disease Risks from Trade: Strategic Behavior with Many Choices and Price Effects.

An individual’s infectious disease risks, and hence the individual’s incentives for risk mitigation, may be influenced by others’ risk management choices. If so, then there will be strategic interactions among individuals, whereby each makes his or her own risk management decisions based, at least in part, on the expected decisions of others. Prior work has shown that multiple equilibria could arise in this setting, with one equilibrium being a coordination failure in which individuals make too few investments in protection. However, these results are largely based on simplified models involving a single management choice and fixed prices that may influence risk management incentives. Relaxing these assumptions, we find strategic interactions influence, and are influenced by, choices involving multiple management options and market price effects. In particular, we find these features can reduce or eliminate concerns about multiple equilibria and coordination failure. This has important policy implications relative to simpler models.
Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review of pathogenesis and treatment.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a complex neutrophilic dermatosis that can occur as an idiopathic disease, in association with systemic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, as ...
Two types of quantifier particles: quantifier-phrase internal vs. heads on the clausal spine

The paper discusses two types of quantifier particles in Hungarian that both participate in reiterated constructions. One type follows and the other precedes its host, which makes it easy to compare them. The particles that follow their hosts are argued to be heads on the clausal spines of independent propositions. Host+particle does, but need not, occur in reiterations, and the particles do not build quantifier words. In contrast, the particles that precede their hosts are argued to be quantifier-phrase internal. Particle+host must occur in reiterations, and the particles build quantifier words. The two types of reiterated constructions also differ in having their own distinctive internal “connectives” and in forming strict vs. non-strict negative concord expressions. The paper focuses on syntax, with some attention to semantics. It argues for propositional coordination for both types, and propositional quantification for the second type. Constituent-size reiterations are derivable via ellipsis, raising the question whether they are necessarily so derived. The paper concludes with data from Bosnian, French, Japanese, Malayalam, Mandarin, Persian, Russian, Sinhala, Telugu, and Turkish, which indicate the cross-linguistic interest of recognizing the two types of particle constructions.
NORMS OF THE SOR METHOD

This chapter disusses certain norms of Lωm for various values of ω and m under the assumption that A is positive definite and has the form A= (D1HKD2) where D1 and D2 are square diagonal matrices. The chapter discusses why the convergence of successive overrelaxation method with the optimum ω is somewhat slower than what might be expected on the basis of S(ℒ ω ). The Jordan canonical form of ℒ ωb is not diagonal. The chapter also presents the derivation of a relation between the eigenvalues of certain matrices related to A and those of certain 2 × 2 matrices.
A behaviour change intervention with lipid-based nutrient supplements had little impact on young child feeding indicators in rural Kenya.

Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are associated with linear growth faltering. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition and water and sanitation for health intervention on three IYCF indicators-minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in Kenyan children. Households were randomized into one of eight groups: (a) active control; (b) passive control; (c) water quality (W); (d) sanitation (S); (e) handwashing (H); (f) combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing; (g) nutrition (N); and (h) combined WSH + N. In the N and WSH + N arms, community-based promoters counselled households on optimal IYCF practices, and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) were provided to children 6-24 months of age. Twelve months (Year 1) and 24 months (Year 2) after interventions began, enumerators surveyed mothers to ascertain IYCF practices. We made pairwise comparisons of each intervention arm versus the active control arm using log binomial models. In total, 3,652 caretakers were surveyed at Year 1 and 4,987 caretakers at Year 2. Compared with the active control, there were no differences in any of the arms in MDD, MMF, or MAD, aside from an increase in MDD at Year 1 in the nutrition only arm but not in the combined WSH + N arm (N: 68%; WSH + N: 61%; C: 61%; N arm prevalence ratio: 1.13 95% CI [1.01, 1.25]). In this setting, a nutrition behaviour change communication intervention had little impact on IYCF indicators. The provision of SQ-LNS was not detrimental to current IYCF indicators in the community.