cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical lymphovenous anastomosis for treatment of lymphedema: A critical review

Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVA) offer ideal physiologic treatment for lymphedema, and our experimental data support late patency. Between Jan. 1, 1982, and April 1, 1986, 18 patients underwent operation for chronic lymphedema; LVA could be performed in 14 patients (10 women and four men). Six patients had secondary lymphedema of the upper extremity. One of eight patients with lymphedema of the lower extremity had filariasis, and seven had primary lymphedema. Mean follow-up was 36.6 months (range: 5 to 57 months). Limb circumference and volume, number of postoperative episodes of cellulitis, and lymphoscintigraphy were used to assess results. Improvement occurred in three upper extremities and two lower extremities. There was no change in five extremities, and in four patients the edema progressed. One patient with primary lymphedema and four of seven patients with secondary lymphedema improved. Only one of five patients benefited from one anastomosis; however, all patients with more than two anastomoses improved. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 10 patients. No lymphatic channel was visualized before operation in three patients, and at operation none was found. In four other patients lymph channels localized by lymphoscintigraphy were identified during operation. Significant improvement was documented by lymphoscintigraphy in one patient after operation, and this patient had permanent improvement 30 months later. Patients with primary lymphedema had disappointing results, but four of seven patients with secondary lymphedema benefited from LVA, especially if several anastomoses could be performed. Lymphoscintigraphy appears to be a suitable method of both identifying patent lymph channels before surgery and determining function of LVA after operation. However, presently objective data to prove the clinical efficacy of this operation are lacking.
Grazing Effects on Stream Habitat and Fishes: Research Design Considerations

Abstract A 4-year study of a montane stream from which cattle grazing had been excluded for 10 years indicated that stream bank vegetation and stability were markedly improved and that stream substrate fines were somewhat reduced, but it indicated that fish populations were unaffected. Shortcomings of this case history study are common to past similarly designed studies of grazing effects on fishes and their habitats. Three major deficiencies in research design are (1) lack of pretreatment data, (2) improper consideration of fishery management principles, and (3) linear positioning of treatments along a stream. Future research on riparian grazing effects must address these factors in addition to designs of long-term (10+ years) ecosystem (watershed) studies.
Myogenesis of striated muscle in vitro: hormone and serum requirements for the development of glycogen synthetase in myotubes.

The fusion in vitro of embryonic myoblasts to form multinucleated myotubes requires the addition of serum to a basal nutrient medium. The serum requirement for fusion can be satisfied by insulin with somatotropin potentiating its effect. Myotubes formed under these conditions fail to differentiate to cross-striated, spontaneously contractile muscle fibers. This arrest of development is reversible if serum is restored to the medium. Development of the enzyme glycogen synthetase was studied as an additional indicator of muscle differentiation. In cultures developing in the presence of serum, this enzyme was demonstrated by autoradiography to be highly concentrated in myotubes as compared to mononuclear cells. The activity of the enzyme remains low in (1) cultures formed in response to insulin and somatotropin in the absence of serum, as well as (2) in cultures formed in unsupplemented basal medium which are virtually lacking in myotubes. The addition of serum to (1) restores the development of this enzyme. Serum which has been extensively digested with the proteolytic preparation, pronase, and subjected to boiling temperature, when combined with insulin and somatotropin is also capable of promoting the development of glycogen synthetase to a specific activity which exceeds the control. The serum factor is not lost on exhaustive dialysis, nor can enzyme promoting activity be liberated by heat denaturation of serum proteins.
Electron Lucent Structures Induced by Coronaviruses

Viral inclusion bodies have long been considered pathognomoic. Coronaviruses cause the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of densely staining particles contained within a granular matrix enclosed by a double membrane (1). During studies on the assembly of 229E in human embryomic lung fibroblasts roughly circular electron lucent structures with dense limiting membranes, sometimes empty but frequently containing net-like beaded strands, were seen in the cytoplasm of infected cells that differed from the previously described inclusions. These structures vary in size from 300–900nm in diameter (Fig. 1) and appear at approximately 6hr post-infection (PI), i.e. at a time when viral protein synthesis is initiated (2) and before the assembly of virions (3).
Application of 93 Nb NMR spectroscopy to (silox) 3 Nb(X n /L m ) complexes (silox= t Bu 3 SiO): Where does (silox) 3 Nb(NN)Nb(silox) 3 appear?

Abstract 93Nb NMR chemical shifts and linewidths are reported for the following 4-coordinate series of (silox)3Nb(Xn/Lm) species: Xn/Lm = NNCH(SiMe3), 1 NNT; O, 1 O; Cl2, 2–Cl2; 13C 13CO, 1 13C13CO; CHCH3, 1 CHMe; CH2, 1 CH2; CH(trans-CH CHCH3), 1–t-C4H6; CH(trans-CH CH(CH2)2Ph), 1–t-C5H6Ph; CH(cis-CH CHCH3), 1–c-C4H6; CH(cis-CH CH(CH2)2Ph), 1–c-C5H6Ph; (η-C2H4), 3–C2H4; (κ2-C,C–CH2CHCHCH2), 2–C4H6; (η2-CD2 CH(trans-2-Ph-cPr)), 3–VyPhcPr; P−[Li(THF)x]+, 1–PLi; PH, 1 PH; PMe, 1 PMe; [(silox)3Nb]2(μ:η1,η1-N2), 12–N2. Small scale syntheses of 1 NNT and 2–C4H6 are given, and the preparation of 12–N2, is reported, along with its X-ray crystal structure, and electronic structure. Calculated (DFT) 93Nb NMR chemical shifts correlate with the experimental values, and δ is found to be generally proportional to 1/X (X is Pauling electronegativity). This trend is derived from the paramagnetic contribution, which is governed by the second-order Zeeman effect, and estimated using the Average Excitation Energy (AEE) model.
Real-Time Enrollment Dashboard For Multisite Clinical Trials.

Abstract Objective Achieving patient recruitment goals is critical for the successful completion of a clinical trial. We designed and developed a web-based dashboard for assisting in the management of clinical trial screening and enrollment. Materials and methods We use the dashboard to assist in the management of two observational studies of community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical research associates and managers using the dashboard were surveyed to determine its effectiveness as compared with traditional direct communication. Results The dashboard has been in use since it was first introduced in May of 2014. Of the 23 staff responding to the survey, 77% felt that it was easier or much easier to use the dashboard for communication than to use direct communication. Conclusion We have designed and implemented a visualization dashboard for managing multi-site clinical trial enrollment in two community acquired pneumonia studies. Information dashboards are useful for clinical trial management. They can be used in a standalone trial or can be included into a larger management system.
Structure-property relationship for in vitro siRNA delivery performance of cationic 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: PEG-PPG-PEG polyrotaxane vectors

Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery is a promising therapeutic approach, however, the processes required for transport of these materials across the numerous extracellular and intracellular barriers are poorly understood. Efficient delivery of siRNA-containing nanoparticles would ultimately benefit from an improved understanding of how parameters associated with these barriers relate to the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle vectors. We report the synthesis of three Pluronic(®)-based, cholesterol end-capped cationic polyrotaxanes (PR(+)) threaded with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) for siRNA delivery. The biological data showed that PR(+):siRNA complexes were well tolerated (∼90% cell viability) and produced efficient silencing (>80%) in HeLa-GFP and NIH 3T3-GFP cell lines. We further used a multi-parametric approach to identify relationships between the PR(+) structure, PR(+):siRNA complex physical properties, and biological activity. Small angle X-ray scattering and cryoelectron microscopy studies reveal periodicity and lamellar architectures for PR(+):siRNA complexes, whereas the biological assays, ζ potential measurements, and imaging studies suggest that silencing efficiency is influenced by the effective charge ratio (ρeff), polypropylene oxide (PO) block length, and central PO block coverage (i.e., rigidity) of the PR(+) core. We infer from our findings that more compact PR(+):siRNA nanostructures arising from lower molecular weight, rigid rod-like PR(+) polymer cores produce improved silencing efficiency relative to higher molecular weight, more flexible PR(+) vectors of similar effective charge. This study demonstrates that PR(+):siRNA complex formulations can be produced having higher performance than Lipofectamine(®) 2000, while maintaining good cell viability and siRNA sequence protection in cell culture.
The Legacy of Bryan v. Itasca County: How a $147 County Tax Notice Helped Bring Tribes $200 Billion in Indian Gaming Revenue

The Supreme Court's landmark 1976 decision in Bryan v. Itasca County is known within Indian law academia for the story that Professors Phil Frickey and Bill Eskridge tell about the case: it reflects a dynamic and pragmatic interpretation of a termination-era statute to limit Congressional termination's harmful legacy during a more enlightened era of tribal self-determination. What is less well-appreciated about the case is that it provided the legal bedrock on which the Indian gaming industry was built. This article explores the genesis of the litigation and traces its path, describing how it came to produce a unanimous Supreme Court opinion of surprising breadth. It also demonstrates that the right to engage in gaming, which ultimately has produced vast tribal economic development and even riches for some tribes, had its roots as much in Indian poverty as in Indian sovereignty.
Management Minder—A Web Based Data Management Application (Concept)

The Management Minder web app provides Beef producers with a production calendar management tool capable of referencing best management practices with the convenience of their Mobile Device.
Concentrations of digestible, metabolizable, and net energy in soybean meal produced in different areas of the United States and fed to pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine concentrations of DE, ME, and NE in soybean meal (SBM) produced in different areas of the United States if fed to growing pigs. Twenty-two sources of SBM were procured from crushing facilities located throughout the soybean growing area of the United States. For analysis, crushing plant locations were separated into 4 zones: 1) MI, MN, and SD ( = 4); 2) GA, IN, and OH ( = 6); 3) IA, MO, and NE ( = 7), and 4) IL ( = 5). Dietary treatments included a corn-based diet and 22 diets based on a mixture of corn and each source of SBM. Twenty-three growing barrows (initial BW: 26.4 ± 1.8 kg) were allotted to a 23 × 8 Youden square design with 23 diets and 8 periods. Pigs were placed in individual metabolism crates that were equipped with a feeder, a cup waterer, slatted floors, and a urine tray. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 7-d adaptation period. The GE was 4,165, 4,209, 4,162, and 4,198 kcal/kg (as-fed) for SBM from Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the GE in SBM from Zone 2 tended ( = 0.08) to be greater than the GE in SBM from Zones 1 and 3. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE for SBM was not different among zones. The DE and ME were 4,343 and 4,098; 4,319 and 4,117; 4,135 and 3,926; and 4,248 and 4,039 kcal/kg DM for SBM from Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The DE and ME of SBM from Zones 1 and 2 were greater ( < 0.05) than the DE and ME of SBM from Zone 3, but the DE and ME of SBM from Zone 4 were not different from that of the other zones. Net energy was calculated for each source of SBM using a published prediction equation based on DE, ether extract, starch, CP, and ADF. The NE of SBM from Zones 1 and 2 (2,534 and 2,497 kcal/kg DM) was greater ( < 0.05) than the NE of SBM from Zone 3 (2391 kcal/kg DM), but the NE of SBM from Zone 4 (2448 kcal/kg DM) was not different from the NE of SBM from the other zones. Regardless of growing area, values for DE, ME, and NE of SBM determined in this experiment are greater than values published by and indicate that DE, ME, and NE values for SBM may be underestimated by . In conclusion, regardless of growing area, GE, DE, ME, and NE were not different for SBM from the northern or eastern growing area or from Illinois, but DE, ME, and NE were less in SBM from the western growing area.
Metabolomic biomarkers of prostate cancer: prediction, diagnosis, progression, prognosis and recurrence

Metabolite profiling is being increasing employed in the study of prostate cancer as a means of identifying predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers. This review provides a summary and critique of the current literature. Thirty-three human case-control studies of prostate cancer exploring disease prediction, diagnosis, progression, or treatment response were identified. All but one demonstrated the ability of metabolite profiling to distinguish cancer from benign, tumor aggressiveness, cases who recurred, and those who responded well to therapy. In the subset of studies where biomarker discriminatory ability was quantified, high AUCs were reported that would potentially outperform the current gold standards in diagnosis, prognosis, and disease recurrence, including PSA testing. There were substantial similarities between the metabolites and the associated pathways reported as significant by independent studies, and important roles for abnormal cell growth, intensive cell proliferation, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism were highlighted. The weight of the evidence therefore suggests metabolic alterations specific to prostate carcinogenesis and progression that may represent potential metabolic biomarkers. However, replication and validation of the most promising biomarkers is currently lacking and a number of outstanding methodologic issues remain to be addressed to maximize the utility of metabolomics in the study of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 887-906. ©2016 AACR.
A World No Longer Narrow: Bringing Greece to American Universities

Finally, it is asserted that overt threats to an allied government or direct interventions on behalf of a given political course are likely to be counterproductive either by arousing nationalist reactions at the mass level or by causing deep resentment on the part of the existing leaders, hence, intransigence irrespective of the costs. Also, such policies may well result in a degree of U.S. involvement in the internal politics of another nation not sustainable either in terms of the sentiments
Some Thoughts about Civil Religion

Civil or political religion is the subject of this essay. As to the question, what is civil religion, perhaps an example rather than a definition will bring us closer to the heart of the matter. Re ligion in America became civil religion some time before the Revolution, when the multiplicity of religious sects became more concerned with teaching men to conduct themselves in this world in a decent and orderly fashion than in preparing them for a world to come. Alexis de Tocqueville noted this transformation of the otherworldly character of traditional Christianity into civil religion in his Democracy in America; there he observes that the Americans regularly speak of the necessity of belief, but almost always in terms of its utility as opposed to its truth. Tocqueville speaks of religion in America under the subtitle: "Religion Considered as a Political Institution and How It Powerfully Contributes to the Maintenance of a Democratic Re public Among the Americans."
Introduction of Activated Carbon Analysis Technique

Three experiment and analysis methods of activated carbon were introduced. These methods were compiled based on the abroad standards.
Surgical treatment of patients with stages I and II nonseminomatous testicular cancer.

AbstractWe analyzed treatment outcomes for 98 consecutive patients who underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer between 1972 and early 1979. There were no surgical deaths. Major and minor complications occurred in 8 and 15 patients, respectively. Of the 57 patients with pathological stage I tumors 9 (16 per cent) had recurrences and were given chemotherapy, and all 57 are well 2 or more years after completion of treatment. Of the 12 patients with stage IIA disease who received no adjuvant treatment 5 had relapse, 2 of whom died. Relapse occurred in 13 of 14 patients with stage IIB disease who received no adjuvant treatment and 2 of 4 who received adjuvant radiation. All 3 patients with stage IIC tumor who received no adjuvant treatment had relapse. In contrast, none of the 7 patients with stage II disease who received adjuvant vinblastine and bleomycin with or without cisplatin had relapse. Our long-term survival rates are 100 per cent for patients with sta...
Abstract 3753: Improved oncolytic virotherapy by increasing adenovirus spread

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and kills more patients than the next four cancers combined (Colon, breast, prostate, and pancreas). Currently available lung cancer treatments have not been effective. Therefore the development of novel lung cancer therapeutics is of critical importance. One emerging treatment option is the use of E1b-deleted adenoviruses (Ads) which preferentially lyse cancer cells. Although E1b-deleted Ads have been applied in clinical trials, their efficacy remains low. We have developed a novel oncolytic vector, AdUV, via the bioselection of the cancer selective E1b-deleted Ad Adhz60. We have demonstrated that AdUV is much more potent against multiple cancer cell lines than the parental vector Adhz60 in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. We compared AdUV treated cells to cells treated with the wildtype Ad5 and the E1b-deleted Adhz60. AdUV lysed A549 lung cancer cells more efficiently than Adhz60, but neither AdUV nor Adhz60 killed MRC5 and HBEC normal lung cells. Possible mechanisms of action were then investigated to determine how AdUV lysed A549 cells more effectively. AdUV virions were shown to release from infected A549 cells and induce autophagy more effectively than both Adhz60 and Ad5. Autophagy induction is known to support Ad replication and spread through cancer cell monolayers. The plaque assay was used to verify if AdUV could spread more effectively than Ad5 and Adhz60 because viruses which efficiently replicate and release from cells are known to form larger plaques. The average size of plaques formed by AdUV is 340% and 214% larger than those plaques formed by Adhz60 and Ad5, respectively. In vivo, AdUV was non-lethal to athymic nude mice and strongly suppressed A549-xenograft tumor growth, prolonging murine survival. These results indicate that AdUV is a more effective, safe oncolytic Ad vector. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of bioselection of the generation of more effective cancer therapeutic vectors. Citation Format: Stephen L. Wechman, Xiao-Mei Rao, Kelly Marc McMasters, Heshan Sam Zhou. Improved oncolytic virotherapy by increasing adenovirus spread. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3753.
Comdb2 bloomberg's highly available relational database system

Comdb2 is a distributed database system designed for geographical replication and high availability. In contrast with the latest trends in this field, Comdb2 offers full transactional support, a standard relational model, and the expressivity of SQL. Moreover, the system allows for rich stored procedures using a dialect of Lua. Comdb2 implements a serializable system in which reads from any node always return current values. Comdb2 provides transparent High Availability through built-in service discovery and sophisticated retry logic embedded in the standard API.In addition to the relational data model, Comdb2 implements queues for publisher-to-subscriber message delivery. Queues can be combined with table triggers for time-consistent log distribution, providing functionality commonly needed in modern OLTP.In this paper we give an overview of our last twelve years of work. We focus on the design choices that have made Comdb2 the primary database solution within our company, Bloomberg LP (BLP).
Decentralized Control of Linear Multivariable Systems

Abstract This paper studies the effects of decentralized feedback on the closed-loop properties of jointly controllable, jointly observable k-channel linear systems. Channel interactions within such systems are described by means of suitably defined directed graphs. The concept of a complete system is introduced and completeness is shown to be a generic property of systems with strongly connected graphs. Complete systems prove to be precisely those systems which can be made both controllable and observable through a single channel by applying nondynamic decentralized feedback to all channels. Explicit conditions are derived for determining when the closed-loop spectrum of a k-channel linear system can be freely assigned or stabilized with decentralized control. These conditions are shown to hold generically for systems with strongly connected graphs.
The Land Between the Lakes: A Geography of the Forgotten Future

Ronald A. Foresta. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, 2013. 336 pp., maps, photos, illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index. $67.00 cloth (ISBN 978-1-57233-863-0).While on a...
Time-Space Distanciation: An Empirically Supported Integrative Framework for the Cultural Psychology of Time and Space

While researchers in social psychology often explore space and time in isolation, the relations between these dimensions are rarely considered. To address this gap, we explore a model of Time–Space...
Managing urban stormwater for urban sustainability: Barriers and policy solutions for green infrastructure application

Green infrastructure (GI) revitalizes vegetation and soil, restores hydro-ecological processes destroyed by traditional urbanization, and naturally manages stormwater on-site, offering numerous sustainability benefits. However, despite being sustainable and despite being the object of unrelenting expert advocacy for more than two decades, GI implementation remains slow. On the other hand, the practice of traditional gray infrastructure, which is known to have significant adverse impacts on the environment, is still ubiquitous in urban areas throughout the world. This relationship between knowledge and practice seems unaccountable, which has not yet received adequate attention from academia, policy makers, or research communities. We deal with this problem in this paper. The specific objective of the paper is to explore the barriers to GI, and suggest policies that can both overcome these barriers and expedite implementation. By surveying the status of implementation in 10 US cities and assessing the relevant city, state and federal policies, we identified 29 barriers and grouped them into 5 categories. The findings show that most of the barriers stem from cognitive limitations and socio-institutional arrangements. Accordingly, we suggest 33 policies, also grouped into 5 categories, which span from conducting public education and awareness programs to changing policies and governance structures.
Learning and Incorporating Shape Models for Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation has been popularly addressed using Fully convolutional networks (FCN) (e.g. U-Net) with impressive results and has been the forerunner in recent segmentation challenges. However, FCN approaches do not necessarily incorporate local geometry such as smoothness and shape, whereas traditional image analysis techniques have benefitted greatly by them in solving segmentation and tracking problems. In this work, we address the problem of incorporating shape priors within the FCN segmentation framework. We demonstrate the utility of such a shape prior in robust handling of scenarios such as loss of contrast and artifacts. Our experiments show \(\approx 5\%\) improvement over U-Net for the challenging problem of ultrasound kidney segmentation.
Unscientific Methods: Reinvigorating Objectivity in Politics

Finding a place for objective science within the realm of American politics has become increasingly difficult because the effective use of rhetoric can often obscure facts. Both Republicans and Democrats are guilty of pushing scientific recommendations to the wayside when it suits their political needs. But, to fulfill their obligation to protect the American people and further American progress, politicians must stop interpreting hard scientific facts as it suits their political needs. They must begin to thoughtfully translate scientific data into legislation and policies so that pertinent topics can be addressed and the true needs of the American people can be met. The honest evaluation of this data is a formidable and seemingly unrealistic goal but, if nothing else, a moral standard must be enforced for publicly elected officials to serve in the best interest of the American people.
Role Strain, Part 1: Experiences of Athletic Trainers Employed in the Professional Sports Setting.

Context: The demands and expectations of athletic trainers employed in professional sports settings (ATPSSs) have increased over the years. Meeting these demands and expectations may predispose the athletic trainer to workplace stress and ultimately role strain. Objective: To investigate the concept of role strain among ATPSSs. Design: Sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study consisting of 2 phases: (1) population role-strain survey and (2) personal interviews. Patients or Other Participants: From a purposeful sampling of 389 athletic trainers employed in the 5 major sports leagues (Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League), 152 individuals provided usable data (39% response rate). Main Outcome Measure(s): A previously validated and reliable role-strain survey using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never, 5 = nearly all the time) was administered. Measures of central tendency were used to identify the presence and ...
SDN-Based Kernel Modular Countermeasure for Intrusion Detection

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a core technology. However, Denial of Service (DoS) has been proved a serious attack in SDN environments. A variety of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) have been proposed for the detection and mitigation of DoS threats, but they often present significant performance overhead and long mitigation time so as to be impractical. To address these issues, we propose KernelDetect, a lightweight kernel-level intrusion detection and prevention framework. KernelDetect leverages modular string searching and filtering mechanisms with SDN techniques. By considering that the Aho-Corasick and Bloom filter are exact string matching and partial matching techniques respectively, we design KernelDetect to leverage the strengths of both algorithms with SDN. Moreover, we compare KernelDetect with traditional IDPS: SNORT and BRO, using a real-world testbed. Comprehensive experimental studies demonstrate that KernelDetect is an efficient mechanism and performs better than SNORT and BRO in threat detection and mitigation.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the adapted Self-Regulation Questionnaire assessing autonomous and controlled motivation for healthful eating among youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the psychometric properties of 2 adapted Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) measures assessing youth with type 1 diabetes motivation internalization for healthful eating and their parents motivation internalization for providing healthy meals for the family. METHODS External validity of the adapted SRQ was evaluated with respect to healthy eating attitudes (healthful eating self-efficacy, barriers, and outcome expectations) assessed by questionnaire, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2005 [HEI-2005]; Nutrient-Rich Foods Index 9.3 [NRF9.3]; Whole Plant Food Density [WPFD]) assessed by 3-day food records, and body mass index assessed by measured height and weight in youth with type 1 diabetes (N = 136; age 12.3 ± 2.5 years) and their parents. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded a 2-factor structure with the expected autonomous and controlled motivation factors for both youth and parents. Internal consistencies of subscales were acceptable (α = .66-.84). Youth autonomous and controlled motivation were positively correlated overall (r = 0.30, p < .001); however, in analyses stratified by age (<13 vs. ≥13 years), the correlation was not significant for youth ≥13 years. Autonomous motivation was significantly associated (p < .001) with greater self-efficacy (youth: r = 0.39, parent: r = 0.36), positive outcome expectations (youth: r = 0.30, parent: r = 0.35), and fewer barriers to healthful eating (youth: r = -0.36, parent: r = -0.32). Controlled motivation was positively correlated with negative outcome expectations for parents (r = 0.29, p < .01) and both positive (r = 0.28, p < .01) and negative (r = 0.34, p < .001) outcome expectations for youth. Autonomous motivation was positively associated (p < .05) with diet quality indicators for parents (NRF9.3 r = 0.22; WPFD r = 0.24; HEI-2005 r = 0.22) and youth ≥13 years (NRF9.3 r = 0.26) but not youth < 13years. Among parents, but not youth, body mass index was associated negatively with autonomous motivation (r = -.33, p < .001) and positively with controlled motivation (r = .27, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial support for the SRQ in this population and suggest potential developmental differences in the role of motivation on healthful eating among children, adolescents, and adults.
Absolute Estimates of PdII(η2-Arene) C–H Acidity

Thermodynamic acidity is one of the most widely used quantities for characterizing proton transfer reactions. Measurement of these values for catalytically relevant species can be challenging, often requiring direct observation of equilibria. The C–H bonds of aromatic substrates are proposed to become substantially polarized during electrophilic activation, but quantifying the absolute acidity of the intermediate M(η2-arene) complexes is highly challenging. Using a system that intercepts nascent protons at electrophilic PdII arene complexes, a combined experimental and computational study has demonstrated these C–H bonds to be far more acidic (pKaCH3CN = 3–6) than many “nonbasic” substrates and additives that are present in electrophilic C–H activation catalysis, and the catalytic roles of these species may need to be reassessed.
Vertical Extension of the T-Capsulotomy Incision in Hip Arthroscopic Surgery Does Not Affect the Force Required for Hip Distraction: Effect of Capsulotomy Size, Type, and Subsequent Repair.

Background:Interportal and T-capsulotomies are popular techniques for exposing femoroacetabular impingement deformities. The difference between techniques with regard to the force required to distract the hip is currently unknown.Purpose:To quantify how increasing interportal capsulotomy size, conversion to T-capsulotomy, and subsequent repair affect the force required to distract the hip.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric hip specimens were dissected and fixed in a materials testing system, such that pure axial distraction of the iliofemoral ligament could be achieved. The primary outcome measure was the load required to distract the hip to a distance of 6 mm at a rate of 0.5 mm/s. Each hip was tested in the intact state and then sequentially under varying capsulotomy conditions: 2-cm interportal, 4-cm interportal, half-T (4-cm interportal and 2-cm T-capsulotomy), and full-T (4-cm interportal and 4-cm T-capsulotomy). After serial testing, isolated T-limb repair ...
Environmental Perception, Sense of Place, and Residence Time in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Integral to the geographic discipline are cross-cultural analyses, many of which use languages outside of the researcher’s own. There are few analyses, however, that address issues of translation t...
An internal ribosome entry site in the coding region of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 drives alternative translation start

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in a myriad of cellular pathways. Although most well-known for its phosphodiesterase activity removing stalled topoisomerase 2 from DNA, TDP2 has also been shown to interact with both survival and apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Moreover, it facilitates enterovirus replication and has been genetically linked to neurological disorders ranging from Parkinson's disease to dyslexia. To accurately evaluate TDP2 as a therapeutic target, we need to understand how TDP2 performs such a wide diversity of functions. Here, we use cancer cell lines modified with CRISPR/Cas9 or stably-expressed TDP2-targeted shRNA and transfection of various TDP2 mutants to show that its expression is regulated at the translational level via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that initiates translation at codon 54, the second in-frame methionine of the TDP2 coding sequence. We observed that this IRES drives expression of a shorter, N-terminally truncated isoform of TDP2, ΔN-TDP2, which omits a nuclear localization sequence. Additionally, we noted that ΔN-TDP2 retains phosphodiesterase activity and is protective against etoposide-induced cell death, but co-immunoprecipitates with fewer high-molecular-weight ubiquitinated peptide species, suggesting partial loss-of-function of TDP2's ubiquitin-association domain. In summary, our findings suggest the existence of an IRES in the 5' coding sequence of TDP2 that translationally regulates expression of an N-terminally truncated, cytoplasmic isoform of TDP2. These results shed light on the regulation of this multifunctional protein and may inform the design of therapies targeting TDP2 and associated pathways.
Rethinking School Readiness.

In the United States, for typically developing children, age has historically been the most common factor determining when a child starts formal schooling. Re-cently, there has been increased emphasis on other indicators of being ready for school. Beginning with Head Start in 1965 and mushrooming into state-funded prekindergarten programs in most U.S. states, preschool has been viewed as an intervention to facilitate school readiness for children from low-income families. In 1986 in the United States, an amendment to Public Law 94-142 extended pre-school intervention services to children with disabilities. Confusion still abounds, however, about what the concept of school readiness means and how it would translate into classroom practices and school policies that would help children be more school ready. This paper will focus on alternative definitions of school readiness, the measurement of readiness skills, and implications for new practices and policies.
The Birth and Death of a Professional Wrestling Alter-Ego: Takahara Hidekazu’s Gamushara and the Loss of a Transgressive Identity

Japanese filmmaker Takahara Hidekazu's film Gamushara (2015), portrays joshi puroresu (female professional wrestling) star Yasukawa Act working through the trauma of sexual abuse through the spectacular world of professional wrestling. Shortly before the film’s release, Yasukawa was involved in what the Japanese media labeled the "Ghastly Match," wherein she had her orbital bone shattered in the ring. Takahara followed Yasukawa over the course of a year, tracking her recovery as well as her sudden retirement due to injury. The ensuing long form documentary was included on the film’s home video release and offers a unique portrait of a woman holding on to her spectacular, transgressive identity before letting it die. The cycle offers a portrait of the birth and death of an identity, built upon the receiving and inflicting of violence, at the point of healing and asks: what strength is lost within this process? What freedom is gained at the loss of an alter-ego defined by a transgressive femininity? In answering such questions, it frames the potential hold of the audience on a transgressive in-ring persona—a metaphorical wrestling match that pits viewer against artist—while revealing the difficulties for a woman working to change and overcome the ‘script’ that governs her in-ring performances and shades her traumas. The article frames Yasukawa’s growing alienation from her selves through close formal analysis of the films, interviews with the filmmaking team and fellow wrestlers, and a theoretical framework that combines studies on recovery from trauma with those detailing the transgressive possibility of wrestling and its structuring dichotomy between the fake and the real. It positions the film against previous representations of joshi puroresu in cinema to track the shifting gender politics of the form as it has come to be appreciated by a largely male audience as well as against Takahara’s previous self-critical pornographic Pink Films. Such comparisons underline how Yasukawa’s feminine transgression exists within a fraught and muddled setting often shaped by a male gaze. To consider the possibilities and limits of Yasukawa’s multivalent transgression of both gender and identity norms as well as the operating scripts of professional wrestling and trauma, the article also engages with gender scholar Sharon Marcus’ writing on how the rape script might be transcended via the development of a woman’s capacity for violence. Through such a critical prism, Takahara’s Gamushara cycle ultimately emerges as a vital and crucially murky documentary series for gender and media scholars concerned with the tensions of identity formation within spaces of spectacle wherein one’s performed screams might mask one’s real cries for help.
The Impacts of Face-to-Face and Cyber Incivility on Performance, Helping Behavior, Counterproductive Behaviors, and Physiological Activity

The present experiment compared the immediate impacts of cyber incivility and face-to-face incivility vs. neutral interactions on both behavioral [task performance, creativity, flexibility, helping behavior, and counterproductive behaviors (CBs)] and physiological outcomes [heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SCR)]. We randomly assigned 232 undergraduate students to one of four conditions: (1) face-to-face uncivil, (2) cyber uncivil, (3) face-to-face neutral, or (4) cyber neutral. In the uncivil conditions, two uncivil interactions were delivered with instructions to complete anagrams and list uses for a brick. Physiological responses were measured while participants completed the tasks. Additionally, participants were given the opportunity to help the experimenter by picking up pens that were “accidentally” dropped. Thefts of extra candy, pens, and gift cards served as measures of CBs. After uncivil interactions, participants engaged in significantly more CBs and experienced greater HR increases as compared to neutral interactions. Additionally, participants were most likely to steal pens in the face-to-face uncivil condition. However, HR increased more in cyber conditions than face-to-face conditions. Instances of incivility did not impact task performance, creativity, flexibility, or helping behavior. These findings suggest that although face-to-face incivility led to increased CBs, cyber incivility may have a stronger impact on physiological responses.
Multiple Administrations of Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy to a Stroke Mimic.

Abstract Background Patients who present emergently with focal neurological deficits concerning for acute ischemic stroke can be extremely challenging to diagnose and treat. Unnecessary administration of thrombolytics to potential stroke patients whose symptoms are not caused by an acute ischemic stroke—stroke mimics—may result in patient harm, although the overall risk of hemorrhagic complications among stroke mimics is low. Case Report We present a case of a stroke mimic patient with underlying psychiatric disease who was treated with intravenous alteplase on four separate occasions in four different emergency departments in the same city. Although he did not suffer hemorrhagic complications, this case highlights the importance of rapid exchange of health information across institutions to improve diagnostic quality and safety. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Increased awareness of stroke mimics by emergency physicians may improve diagnostic safety for a subset of high-risk patients. Establishing rapid cross-institutional communication pathways that are integrated into provider's workflows to convey essential patient health information has potential to improve stroke diagnostic decision-making and thus represents an important topic for health systems research in emergency medicine.
An antigenic diversification threshold for falciparum malaria and its control at high endemicity

In malaria and several other important infectious diseases, high prevalence occurs under widespread but incomplete immunity. The large reservoir of transmission constituted by asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection of all ages challenges malaria elimination in highly endemic regions, and is enabled by extreme antigenic diversity of the parasite and turnover of new variants. We present a threshold in local pathogen diversification that defines a sharp transition in transmission intensity below which new variants generated by either recombination or migration cannot establish. An analytical expectation for this threshold is derived and compared to numerical results from a stochastic agent-based model of malaria transmission that incorporates the major antigen-encoding multigene family known as var. The threshold can be exploited for malaria control and should apply to other pathogens with large multilocus antigenic diversity.
New Bacterial Targets and Computational Methods Against Bacterial Resistance

The increasing number of resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria results in a growing number of infections becoming harder to treat. The over and misuse of antibiotics have caused the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant “superbugs” by selecting against sensitive organisms. An example that highlights the problem of multidrug resistant bacteria is the recent report by ABC news of a Nevada woman who died following septic shock caused by the bacteria K. pneumonaiae1. This bacterium was among the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and was resistant to all available antibiotics in the U.S. In 2013, the CDC characterized CRE infections as an urgent threat, meaning the bacteria are an "immediate public health threat that requires urgent and aggressive action." Exacerbating the problem of drug resistance is the scaling down of funding allocated to new antibacterial development by the pharmaceutical industry due to increased cost and low return on investment compared to other groups of medications that are used for life such as cholesterol lowering medications. However, despite the growth of multidrug resistant bacteria and scaling down of funding towards it, there is still hope. The cost of developing new antibiotics can be reduced by focusing on the well validated bacterial targets and by utilizing the available computational resources to efficiently maximize the number of successful leads that make it to the market as new antibiotics. The focus in this article is on simple and cost efficient strategies to develop novel antibiotics or to revive old ones. To assist in this effort, presented in this article is a review of computational techniques and strategies that can be employed to develop safe and effective novel antibacterial therapies. This is followed by a review of resistance mechanisms in bacteria and validated bacterial targets amenable for drug design.
Recycling of Concrete into New Applications

The recycling of materials used in outdated construction into new construction is probably as old as civilization itself. Although documentation is limited, certainly materials from various existing Roman, Egyptian, Greecian, etc. structures had been cannibalized for use in other construction. The advent of a highly mechanized society with low energy costs and the abundance of raw materials resulted in low cost construction materials. However, as labor costs escalated more rapidly in this environment than material or energy costs the rapid disposal, rather than recycling of construction materials was encouraged. To compound the overall situation, the invention of the rotary kiln led to the widespread production of virtually unlimited quantities of inexpensive portland cement. This along with the expanded use of steel reinforcement resulted in widespread use of concrete to make monolithic structures. The monolithic nature of concrete which makes it so unique and useful also has made its reclamation difficult and costly compared to the cost of using virgin materials in new concrete construction.
Metagenomic sequencing to detect respiratory viruses in persons under investigation for COVID-19.

Broad testing for respiratory viruses among persons under investigation (PUIs) for SARS-CoV-2 has been performed inconsistently, limiting our understanding of alternative viral infections and co-infections in these patients. RNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers an agnostic tool for the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA respiratory viruses in PUIs. Herein, we used RNA mNGS to assess the frequencies of alternative viral infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative PUIs (n=30) and viral co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive PUIs (n=45). mNGS identified all viruses detected by routine clinical testing (Influenza A (N=3), Human metapneumovirus (N=2), Human coronavirus OC43 (N=2) and Human coronavirus HKU1(N=1)). mNGS also identified both co-infections (1, 2.2%) and alternative viral infections (4, 13.3%) that were not detected by routine clinical workup (Respiratory syncytial virus (N=3), Human metapneumovirus (N=1), Human coronavirus NL63 (N=1)). Among SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive PUIs, lower cycle threshold (CT) values correlated with greater SARS-CoV-2 read recovery by mNGS (R2: 0.65, p-value: <0.001). Our results suggest that current broad-spectrum molecular testing algorithms identify most respiratory viral infections among SARS-CoV-2 PUIs, when available and implemented consistently.