cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OpinionIt: a text mining system for cross-lingual opinion analysis

Opinion mining focuses on extracting customers' opinions from the reviews and predicting their sentiment orientation. Reviewers usually praise a product in some aspects and bemoan it in other aspects. With the business globalization, it is very important for enterprises to extract the opinions toward different aspects and find out cross-lingual/cross-culture difference in opinions. Cross-lingual opinion mining is a very challenging task as amounts of opinions are written in different languages, and not well structured. Since people usually use different words to describe the same aspect in the reviews, product-feature (PF) categorization becomes very critical in cross-lingual opinion mining. Manual cross-lingual PF categorization is time consuming, and practically infeasible for the massive amount of data written in different languages. In order to effectively find out cross-lingual difference in opinions, we present an aspect-oriented opinion mining method with Cross-lingual Latent Semantic Association (CLaSA). We first construct CLaSA model to learn the cross-lingual latent semantic association among all the PFs from multi-dimension semantic clues in the review corpus. Then we employ CLaSA model to categorize all the multilingual PFs into semantic aspects, and summarize cross-lingual difference in opinions towards different aspects. Experimental results show that our method achieves better performance compared with the existing approaches. With CLaSA model, our text mining system OpinionIt can effectively discover cross-lingual difference in opinions.
Private sector response to stabilization policy: A case study

Abstract The problem studied relates to the monetary policy employed by Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasury, 1902–1907. Secretary Shaw initiated active intervention in the New York City money market to relieve the pressure on bank reserves and interest rates which accompanied the annual autumn specie drain. The empirical results suggest that the banks anticipated Shaw's policy of depositing government funds into the banks, and made fewer preparations for autumn drain of specie. The deposit policy was not carried out in a timely and adequate fashion in 1907, the banks were not in position to meet the outflow of specie, and thus this paper helps explain the occurrence of the Panic of 1907.
Treatment of Selective Mutism: Applications in the Clinic and School Through Conjoint Consultation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychosocial approach to the treatment of Selective Mutism (SM). Four children with SM along with their parents and teachers participated in the study. A comprehensive assessment was completed; manualized treatment was implemented through a conjoint behavioral consultation approach, and a randomized multiple baseline experimental research design was utilized to evaluate outcomes. The results indicated that modest improvements in mutism behaviors were consistent with the onset of treatment, although these results did not generalize to the school day for all children. Parents rated the treatment as effective and acceptable. A discussion of the results of this study as well as the implications for practice and future research is provided.
Regulatory effect of adrenal cortical extract on elaboration of pituitary adrenotropic hormone.

SummaryAdministration of cortical extract prevents, the decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid which accompanies exposure to cold but does not prevent the decrease which results from administration of exogenous adrenotropic hormone. Since reduction in adrenal ascorbic acid is initiated by pituitary adrenotropic hormone, cortical extract must act to inhibit elaboration of this tropic hormone by the pituitary. These results have been interpreted to mean that rate of release of adrenotropic hormone from the pituitary is regulated by the concentration of adrenal cortical hormones in the blood and tissues.
Bypass cannulas utilized in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates: Radiographic findings

ECMO, as applied to neonates with severe respiratory failure, involves either a single or dual cannula system for removal of desaturated blood from and return of oxygenated blood to the patient. ECMO cannulas have undergone considerable change and improvement since the early 1980s, and a variety of cannulas are now available commercially for neonatal ECMO. All ECMO cannulas have a characteristic appearance on the chest radiograph, which is important in the assessment of cannula position and some cannula complications. We report the physical characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and radiographic appearance of the most widely utilized neonatal ECMO cannulas.
Digital stacking of short exposures to improve photometric accuracy and extend dynamic range of panoramic detectors used in astronomical imagery.

The technique of registering and stacking (averaging) digitized images is evaluated for multiobject stellar photometry. Despite the deleterious effect of adding noise during microdensitometry, we achieve improved dynamic range, improved resolution, and (by effectively correlating the exposures) an image which is actually cosmetically superior to a single exposure of equivalent duration.
Library Service Perceptions: A Study of Two Universities

Two academic libraries in North Carolina replicated the Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources global survey. This paper examines whether student responses in this survey are similar to the 2005 OCLC study and whether they are similar to each other. The authors examine potential reasons for similarities and differences, including student body profile, institutional differences in library services and demographic factors. The findings indicate that local factors dramatically affect the responses and should drive local service decisions rather than relying on global aggregate data.
Maternal influence on diapause in a parasitic insect, Coeloides brunneri Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract Coeloides brunneri was reared under combinations of temperature (65°–85°F) and photoperiod (2–22 hr) to determine the incidence of larval diapause. Long days and high temperatures favoured unarrested development. Short days and low temperatures favoured the onset of diapause. To establish the insect stage which is sensitive to the photoperiodic influence, adult females prior to and while ovipositing into log sections and the progenies of these females while in log sections, were each exposed to diapause-inducing and diapause-averting photoperiods. The incidence of diapause in the larvae depended upon the photoperiods to which the parent females were exposed. The photoperiods to which the log sections containing the progenies were exposed had no effect. It is concluded that the parent female is sensitive to the photoperiod and transmits the determination for diapause through the egg.
Ecofeminism: What One Needs to Know

Ecofeminism refers to feminist theory and activism informed by ecology. Ecofeminism is concerned with connections between the domination of women and the domination of nature. Although ecofeminism is a diverse movement, ecofeminist theorists share the presuppositions that social transformation is necessary for ecological survival, that intellectual transformation of dominant modes of thought must accompany social transformation, that nature teaches nondualistic and nonhierarchial systems of relation that are models for social transformation of values, and that human and cultural diversity are values in social transformation. Ecofeminist theology, ethics, and religious perspectives are particularly concerned with the integration of science and religion. Examples of religious or spiritual ecofeminisms are North American Christian ecofeminism, North American womanist Christian theology, neopagan Wiccan ecofeminism, Native American ecofeminism, and Third World ecofeminism.
CABG discharge information: addressing women's recovery.

Women's descriptions of the coronary artery bypass surgery recovery experience were elicited for development of a preparatory discharge information intervention. In a convenience sample, 20 women (...
A RADIO TRANSIENT 0.1 PARSECS FROM SAGITTARIUS A

We report the discovery of a transient radio source 27 (0.1 pc projected distance) south of the Galactic center massive black hole, Sgr A*. The source flared with a peak of at least 80 mJy in 2004 March. The source was resolved by the Very Large Array into two components with a separation of ~07 and characteristic sizes of ~02. The two components of the source faded with a power-law index of 1.1 ± 0.1. We detect an upper limit to the proper motion of the eastern component of ~3 × 103 km s-1 relative to Sgr A*. We detect a proper motion of ~104 km s-1 for the western component relative to Sgr A*. The transient was also detected at X-ray wavelengths with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and XMM-Newton and given the designation CXOGC J174540.0-290031. The X-ray source falls in between the two radio components. The maximum luminosity of the X-ray source is ~1036 ergs s-1, significantly sub-Eddington. The radio jet flux density predicted by the X-ray/radio correlation for X-ray binaries is orders of magnitude less than the measured flux density. We conclude that the radio transient is the result of a bipolar jet originating in a single impulsive event from the X-ray source and interacting with the dense interstellar medium of the Galactic center.
Ethnicity, culture, and social resources

Assessed social integration (existence or quantity of relationships) and social (specifically, emotional) support in Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Ethnic differences were seen as arising from (a) demographic differences between ethnic groups that account for ethnic differences; (b) demographic attributes that have different associations with social resources for each ethnic group; (c) ethnic differences independent of these explanations. Study participants were 538 U.S.-born MA, 706 Mexico-born MA, and 1,149 NHW randomly selected community residents. Immigrants were more often married, and MAs and immigrants reported fewer friends and less emotional support, regardless of demographic attributes. Ethnic differences in demographic attributes accounted for MAs' and immigrants' smaller kin networks. Ethnic differences in demographic correlates of working accounted for MAs' lower employment rates.
Lorentz covariance of the λ(ϕ4)2 quantum field theory

We prove that the λ(ϕ4)2 quantum field theory model is Lorentz covariant, and that the corresponding theory of bounded observables satisfies all the Haag-Kastler axioms. For each Poincare transformation {a, Λ} and each bounded regionB of Minkowski space we construct a unitary operatorU which correctly transforms the field bilinear forms:Uϕ(x, t)U*=ϕ({a, Λ} (x, t)), for (x, t) ∈B. We also consider the von Neumann algebra\(\mathfrak{A}(B)\) of local observables, consisting of bounded functions of the field operators ϕ(f)=e ϕ(x, t)f(x, t)dx dt, suppf ⊂B. We define a *-isomorphism\(\sigma _{\{ a,\Lambda \} } :\mathfrak{A}(B) \to \mathfrak{A}(\{ a,\Lambda \} B)\) by setting σ{a, Λ}(A)=U A U*. The mapping\(\{ a,\Lambda \} \to \sigma _{\{ a,\Lambda \} } \) is a representation of the Poincare group by *-automorphisms of the normed algebra\( \cup _B \mathfrak{A}(B)\) of local observables.
Leveraging combinatorial chemotherapy to improve outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Commentary to:Combination effects of bortezomib with gemcitabine and EMAP II in experimental pancreatic cancerNiranjan Awasthi, Margaret A. Schwarz and Roderich E. Schwarz
The cellular organization of fibroblastic cells and macrophages at regions of uncalcified cartilage resorption in the embryonic chick femur as revealed by alkaline acid phosphatase histochemistry

Resorption of uncalcified cartilage in the embryonic chick femur appears to be mediated by two types of mononuclear cells. One cell type lies flattened and adherent along the surface of the cartilage matrix into which it extends cellular processes. Cytological characteristics of a large, euchromatic nucleus containing a nucleolus, and cytoplasm containing moderate to extensive amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum indicate that these are protein synthetic cells. Macrophages, characterized by a pleomorphic shape and cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria and vesicles, comprise the second cell type. These may be seen lying in contact with cartilage matrix, but are more likely located in the nonhematopoietic marrow adjacent to resorbing cartilage, where they establish close cellular associations with protein synthetic cells. Alkaline and acid phosphatase histochemical studies differentiate these two cellular types. Marrow alkaline phosphatase activity is restricted to the cartilage-marrow interface from which it diffuses a short distance into cartilage matrix, but does not diffuse into nearby marrow. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase is present only in protein synthetic cells that line the surface of cartilage, and thus appears to be produced by these cells. Acid phosphatase positive macrophages are scattered throughout the marrow, but are found in greatest concentrations in the region of cartilage resorption. They are rarely in direct contact with cartilage, and there is no evidence that acid phosphatase is released from these cells. The relative localizations and the presence of cellular interactions of these two cell types suggests that protein synthetic cells may be of fibroblastic origin, and may play a primary role in cartilage degradation, while macrophages, in keeping with biochemical evidence, play an adjunct or possibly a regulative role.
Age and hunting success in the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Abstract Adult brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) capture prey on a larger percentage of their dives than immatures hunting under the same conditions. This difference provides at least a partial explanation of delayed maturation and smaller clutch sizes of younger birds in species using skilled foraging techniques.
MID-ULTRAVIOLET DETERMINATION OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXY ABUNDANCES AND AGES

We investigate the effects of abundance and age on the mid-UV spectra and Mg2 strengths of stellar populations using simple population synthesis models. These models are used to constrain the star formation history of four nearby elliptical galaxies and spiral bulges. The mid-UV (1800-3200 A) light of evolved stellar populations (>1 Gyr old) is dominated by the main-sequence turnoff, unlike the optical light which is dominated by the red giant branch (RGB). Because the main-sequence turnoff is sensitive to age and metallicity in ways different from the RGB, a detailed investigation of the mid-UV features of elliptical galaxies may help break the age-metallicity degeneracy that plagues optical techniques. Also, a better understanding of this wavelength region is useful for the studies of 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.5 galaxies for which the rest-frame mid-UV is redshifted into the visible. We create simple, single-age (3-20 Gyr), single-metallicity (Z = 0.0004-0.05) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) extending into the UV using the Kurucz model stellar fluxes. Comparison with standard stars' mid-UV spectra reveals that the Kurucz model fluxes accurately model a blend feature of Fe I and Mg I at 2538 A (Bl2538) and the slope of the continuum between 2600 and 3100 A (S2850). We find that our simple single-age, single-metallicity SEDs agree well with these mid-UV features of globular clusters. However, the majority of the galaxies do not agree with the Bl2538, S2850, and Mg2 values given by these simple models. The mid-UV features appear to require both an old metal-rich and an old metal-poor (Z ≤ 0.001) population. The implied metal-poor population is less than 10% of the total mass for all the galaxies but dominates the SEDs shortward of 3000 A. Intermediate-age (1-5 Gyr) populations are not required to match the UV for any of the galaxies but are not ruled out. Despite being limited by the quality of the model stellar fluxes, our study has yielded two promising mid-UV spectral diagnostics (Bl2538 and S2850) and suggests unique and complex star formation histories for elliptical galaxies.
Machining of a Zr-Ti-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glass

Zr52:5Ti5Cu17:9Ni14:6Al10 metallic glass machining chips were characterized using SEM, X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation. Above a threshold cutting speed, oxidation of the Zr produces high flash temperatures and causes crystallization. The chip morphology was unique and showed the presence of shear bands, void formation and viscous flow. � 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students.

Objective The present investigation examined the extent to which participation in a 6-week circuit-weight training program produced changes in participants' body images relative to a matched control group. Method The weight trainers consisted of 39 college students (27 women and 12 men). The control group of 39 individuals did not weight-train currently or within the past year. All participants were pre- and posttested on the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale. Weight trainers were also pre- and posttested on muscular strength and assessed on their motives for exercise. Results The program successfully increased upper- and lower-body strength. In contrast to the comparison group, weight trainers had a significantly improved evaluation of their appearance, greater body satisfaction, reduced social physique anxiety, and enhanced physical self-efficacy. Outcomes were unrelated to the extent of concurrent aerobic exercise and largely unrelated to exercise motives. Discussion Even a relatively brief weight training program can produce improvements in multiple aspects of body image. Further research should investigate weight training as an adjunct to psychosocial treatments of body dissatisfaction. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 75–82, 2001.
Repair kinetics of mouse lung.

Abstract Pathological manifestations of lung damage after irradiation support the use of death between 11 weeks (80 days) and 23 weeks (160 days) as an assay for pneumonitis in the C3Hf strain of mice. The proportion of deaths and the time to reach a specific percent of lethality were found to be dose and dose per fraction-related. The median survival time and the latency period for the time of occurrence of pneumonitis, were dependent on total biological dose over a narrow range, equivalent to “normalized” doses of 36–41 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. All these criteria entered into the analysis of data. The linear-quadratic isoeffect model gives a good fit for the results over a range of doses from 1.6 to 8 Gy per fraction, that is, with the exclusion of the single dose data. The value of α β was always approximately 4.0 Gy from three kinds of analyses. The half-time for repair from sublethal injury was approximately 0.75 h. Both of these values are in agreement with the results from other investigators.
Chapter 2 Fluid dynamic and hemorheologic considerations

Abstract The previous edition of this work, published in 1985 (1), included a section on fluid dynamic and hemorheologic considerations in which the basic concepts of fluid flow, protein and cell transport, and blood rheology were presented. That material will not be reiterated in depth in this chapter but rather referred to as appropriate. Instead, the present chapter will attempt to consider the current status of research in this field and, to the extent possible, indicate those areas where our understanding is incomplete and in need of additional research efforts. Since the publication of the previous edition, our appreciation of the ability of fluid dynamic forces to influence blood-surface interactions has increased considerably. Progress has been made, not necessarily with respect to a detailed understanding of the manner in which fluid forces affect the behavior of materials in contact with blood in vivo, but rather in the growing recognition that the various blood and vascular cells exist in a dynamic environment in which flow contributes to an essential modulation of homeostatic events. In recognition of the complexity of the various biological processes that can occur in the presence of a graft implant or an organ replacement, a mechanistic rather than phenomenologic approach has slowly evolved that emphasizes the manner by which changes in fluid flow can affect the behavior of individual cells or proteins and their possible interaction with foreign materials. The approach here will be to consider the simplest case of blood flow and mass transport in a tube, as was done in the previous edition, and to delineate not only how basic characteristics of the system influence blood-material interactions, but also to distinguish where such simplifications can be misleading with respect to intravascular events or extracorporeal circuits. A description will be made of how the principles of blood flow and mass transport are being applied to such complicated events as cell proliferation and thromboembolism. In addition, the ability of shear stresses generated as a consequence of blood flow to modulate the biological activity of various cells will be discussed. Finally, several devices currently used to study the role of fluid flow in thrombotic and hemostatic processes will be described.
The CommonGround visual paradigm for biosurveillance

Biosurveillance is a critical area in the intelligence community for real-time detection of disease outbreaks. Identifying epidemics enables analysts to detect and monitor disease outbreak that might be spread from natural causes or from possible biological warfare attacks. Containing these events and disseminating alerts requires the ability to rapidly find, classify and track harmful biological signatures. In this paper, we describe a novel visual paradigm to conduct biosurveillance using an Infectious Disease Weather Map. Our system provides a visual common ground in which users can view, explore and discover emerging concepts and correlations such as symptoms, syndromes, pathogens and geographic locations.
Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of Pokkali rice is promoted by optimizing callus to medium volume ratio and by a medium-conditioning factor produced by embryogenic callus

The frequency of plant regeneration from seed-derived Pokkali rice callus has been substantially increased. Four conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) Non-embryogenic callus consisting of elongated, highly-vacuolated cells did not produce regenerated plants. Embryogenic callus consisting of small, non-vacuolated cells produced somatic embryos and regenerated plants. (2) The numbers of plants could be markedly increased by optimizing a medium for embryogenic callus production and a second medium for plant regeneration from embryogenic callus. (3) The optimization of callus to medium volume ratio of 6.5 mg embryogenic callus per 1.0 ml of medium significantly increase plant production on regeneration medium. (4) A further significant increase was obtained by using regeneration medium previously conditioned for one or two weeks by optimal amounts of embryogenic callus. At present, the callus derived from a single seed in six months could theoretically be used in the seventh month to produce 127500 plants.
Inferring Total Canopy Apar From Par Bidirectional Reflectanc!es And Vegetation Indices In Tallgrass Prairie

The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by a vegetated canopy (APARc) or landscape (APARs) is a critical parameter in climate processes. A grassland study examined: 1) whether APARs can be estimated from PAR bidirectional exitance fractions; and 2) whether APARs is correlated with spectral vegetation indices (SVIs). Data were acquired with a high resolution continuous spectroradiometer at 4 sun angles on grassland sites. APARs was computed from the scattered surface PAR exitance fractions. The nadir APARs value was the most variable diurnally; it provided a good estimate of the average surface APARs at ~95 percent. APARc was best represented by exitance factors between 30-60* forward.
Combined discriminative and generative articulated pose and non-rigid shape estimation

Estimation of three-dimensional articulated human pose and motion from images is a central problem in computer vision. Much of the previous work has been limited by the use of crude generative models of humans represented as articulated collections of simple parts such as cylinders. Automatic initialization of such models has proved difficult and most approaches assume that the size and shape of the body parts are known a priori. In this paper we propose a method for automatically recovering a detailed parametric model of non-rigid body shape and pose from monocular imagery. Specifically, we represent the body using a parameterized triangulated mesh model that is learned from a database of human range scans. We demonstrate a discriminative method to directly recover the model parameters from monocular images using a conditional mixture of kernel regressors. This predicted pose and shape are used to initialize a generative model for more detailed pose and shape estimation. The resulting approach allows fully automatic pose and shape recovery from monocular and multi-camera imagery. Experimental results show that our method is capable of robustly recovering articulated pose, shape and biometric measurements (e.g. height, weight, etc.) in both calibrated and uncalibrated camera environments.
Toxicities Associated with Dual Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Regimens in HIV-Infected Children

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which typically includes a “backbone” of 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is the most commonly used regimen for children with pediatric HIV infection [1]. According to the 2008 US Public Health Service (PHS) guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected children, the NRTI pairs that are “preferred” for the initial treatment of preadolescent children are abacavir (ABC) or zidovudine (ZDV) plus lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC); or didanosine (ddI) plus FTC [2]. ZDV/ABC and ZDV/ddI are classified as “alternative” pairs, and d4T/3TC or d4T/FTC may be used in special circumstances. Although HAART improves the outcomes of HIV-infected children [3], it is associated with such toxicities as bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis, lipoatrophy, hyperlipidemia, peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and hypersensitivity [2, 4]. In both the pediatric and adult PHS guidelines, d4T/ddI is “not recommended” [5]. In initial small pediatric [6, 7] and adult [8, 9] studies, d4T/ddI demonstrated good antiviral activity and was well tolerated. Subsequent larger studies of adults revealed that this combination, when compared with ZDV/3TC, was associated with a significantly increased rate of lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lipodystrophy, and hepatitis [10–15]. Serious, sometimes fatal lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis, with or without pancreatitis, has been reported in pregnant women receiving d4T/ddI [16–18]. These adverse events are believed to result from mitochondrial toxicity [17, 19]. Because few pediatric studies compare the tolerance of different NRTI combinations [20], we used information from the largest United States–based prospective study of HIV-infected children to study the relative toxicities of the 5 NRTI pairs most commonly used in children: ZDV/3TC, ZDV/ddI, d4T/3TC, d4T/ddI, and ddI/3TC. Our hypothesis is that, in children, ddI/d4T has a rate of toxicity similar to that of other NRTI pairs, making it appropriate for second-line therapy.
Kinetics of cytochrome C folding: atomically detailed simulations.

The vast range of time scales (from nanoseconds to seconds) during protein folding is a challenge for experiments and computations. To make concrete predictions on folding mechanisms, atomically detailed simulations of protein folding, using potentials derived from chemical physics principles, are desired. However, due to their computational complexity, straightforward molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding are impossible today. An alternative algorithm is used that makes it possible to compute approximate atomically detailed long time trajectories (the Stochastic Difference Equation in Length). This algorithm is used to compute 26 atomically detailed folding trajectories of cytochrome c (a millisecond process). The early collapse of the protein chain (with marginal formation of secondary structure), and the earlier formation of the N and C helices (compare to the 60's helix) are consistent with the experiment. The existence of an energy barrier upon entry to the molten globule is examined as well. In addition to (favorable) comparison to experiments, we show that non-native contacts drive the formation of the molten globule. In contrast to popular folding models, the non-native contacts do not form off-pathway kinetic traps in cytochrome c.
A Native Besieged: Effects of Nonnative Frugivores and Ground Vegetation on Seed Removal in a Highly Endangered Hawaiian Shrub, Delissea rhytidosperma (Campanulaceae)

Nonnative species can have serious negative effects on regeneration and restoration of rare plant taxa, particularly in insular ecosystems. An endangered Hawaiian shrub, Delissea rhytidosperma (Campanulaceae), produces fruits and viable seeds, but no regeneration has been observed in the wild. We used cages and vegetation removal to explore direct and indirect effects of three groups of nonnative species on suspected seed predation of this endangered plant: a mat-forming grass (Oplismenus hirtellus), rats (Rattus spp.), and invertebrates. Substantial seed removal occurred in all treatments. Both rat exclusion and clearing of nonnative vegetation had strong significant negative effects on seed removal. Highest removal rates occurred with rats not excluded and vegetation present, and lowest removal occurred when rats were excluded and vegetation cleared. Without rat exclosures, 100% of seeds were removed within 15 days. Even when protected from rats, most seeds were removed by smaller herbivores, unless ground vegetation was cleared. Vegetation appears to harbor invertebrates that eat seeds, including nonnative slugs. These results revealed that different nonnative species combine to greatly increase rates of seed removal in endangered D. rhytidosperma.
A 24/77GHz dual-band BiCMOS frequency synthesizer

The design of a millimeter-wave dual-band phase-locked frequency synthesizer in a 0.18 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. All circuits except the voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are shared between the two bands. A W-band divide-by-3 frequency divider is used inside the loop after the VCOs to simplify division-ratio reconfiguration. The 0.9 mm2 synthesizer chip exhibits a locking range of 23.8-26.95/75.67-78. 5 GHz with a low power consumption of 50-75 mW from a 2.5 V supply. The closed-loop phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the carrier is less than -100 dBc/Hz in both bands. The proposed frequency synthesizer is suitable for integration in direct-conversion transceivers for K/W-band automotive radars and heterodyne receivers for 94 GHz imaging applications.
Predicting adult health and mortality from adolescent facial characteristics in yearbook photographs

Several important longitudinal studies in the social sciences have omitted biomarkers that are routinely recorded today, including height and weight. To account for this shortcoming in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), an 11-point scale was developed to code high school senior class yearbook photographs of WLS participants for relative body mass (RBM). Our analyses show that although imperfect, the RBM scale is reliable (α = .91) and meets several criteria of validity as a measure of body mass. Measured at ages 17–18, the standardized relative body mass index (SRBMI) was moderately correlated (r = .31) with body mass index (BMI) at ages 53–54 and with maximum BMI reported between ages 16 and 30 (r = .48). Overweight adolescents (≥ 90th percentile of SRBMI) were about three times more likely than healthy-weight adolescents (10th–80th percentile of SRBMI) to be obese in adulthood and, as a likely consequence, significantly more likely to report health problems such as chest pain and diabetes. Overweight adolescents also suffered a twofold risk of premature death from all nonaccidental causes as well as a fourfold risk of heart disease mortality. The RBM scale has removed a serious obstacle to obesity research and lifelong analyses of health in the WLS. We suggest that other longitudinal studies may also be able to obtain photos of participants at younger ages and thus gain a prospectively useful substitute for direct measures of body mass.
Characterizing lunch meals served and consumed by pre-school children in Head Start.

Objective To examine the variability of food portions served and consumed by preschoolers in African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans attending Head Start (HS).
Effects of bruxism: A review of the literature

Abstract A comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of bruxism on the dentition, periodontium, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joint is presented. Also, the role of bruxism in the etiology of head pain and neurotic symptoms is discussed.
Representations of the Alternative Press in Academic Library Collections

This study uses the list of periodicals indexed by Alternative Press Index to examine the holdings rates of alternative press titles in U.S. ARL libraries. Holdings rates are examined by library, by title, and by subject category. Alternative press titles are not widely held in U.S. ARL libraries. Titles falling into categories such as leftist/Marxist politics, gay/lesbian, and labor are particularly underrepresented in library holdings, as are titles that are newsletters or magazines. The impact of these low holdings rates on scholars, students, and archival library collections is discussed.
Enterprise JavaBeans caching in clustered environments

We present the design of an Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) caching architecture, and show that EJB caching can greatly improve application throughput in clustered environments. Throughput is improved because data serving is offloaded from the database server to the cache-enabled application server. EJB caching is successful because it exploits the low-latency connections between the database server and application servers that exist in a clustered environment. An important feature of our architecture is that the caching function is transparent to applications that use it. The cache-enabled application server uses the same (EJB) programming model, and the same transactional semantics, as provided by non-caching architectures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking Sexually Objectifying Work Environments Among Waitresses to Psychological and Job-Related Outcomes

The purpose of our study was to examine the relationships between experiences of working in sexually objectifying environments (SOEs) and psychological and job-related outcomes in a sample of 253 waitresses working in U.S. restaurants. Supporting our hypotheses, results indicated that SOEs were significantly positively correlated with waitresses’ experiences of interpersonal sexual objectification at work, internalization of cultural standards of beauty, and depression as well as negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Contrary to our hypotheses, SOEs were not directly related to self-objectification, body shame, self-esteem, or health habits. Furthermore, our findings revealed support for a theorized five-chain serial mediation model in which SOEs were related to job satisfaction both directly and indirectly via classic objectification theory processes (i.e., interpersonal experiences of sexual objectification in the restaurant environment, self-objectification, body shame, and depression). Finally,...
Thyroid stunning revisited.

In patients with thyroid carcinoma, remnant thyroid tissue or metastases may have lower 131I uptake on posttherapy images than on prior diagnostic images. This observation has led to the hypothesis that radiation effects from the diagnostic dose may impair the ability of the remnant tissue or
Supplemental Information for: Informational Lobbying and Legislative Voting

The Online Appendix for "Informational Lobbying and Legislative Voting" provides additional proofs extending the main results of the paper to a setting with two competing lobbyists.The paper to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2406119
Hartman’s Westering and Hartman’s Wordsworth

This essay explores the ambivalence underlying Hartman’s theme of “westering” toward “evening lands.” It begins by showing the basis of this theme in autobiography. The westering theme is most prominent in Hartman’s early books of essays, Beyond Formalism and The Fate of Reading, but it persists and darkens in his later cultural criticism. The whole range of the theme can be evoked in reading Keats’s Hyperion poems, which Hartman himself reads in other contexts. The somber tones of the cultural criticism can already be heard in Wordsworth’s Poetry and The Unremarkable Wordsworth. Hartman does not linger over the westering theme in these books, but it can certainly be heard in Wordsworth himself as an already-accomplished westering; this essay concludes by reading Hartman with the aid of his favorite poet.
“Clamoring Blood”: The Materiality of Belonging in Modern Ainu Identity

ABSTRACTThe tension between silence and vocalization, embrace and rejection, of Ainu ancestry has been a key factor in negotiating Ainu subjectivity since Ainu territories were colonized in 1869. As early as 1799, expressions of Ainu ethnicity were alternately cloaked and exaggerated as Japan vacillated between assimilation and segregation policies in eastern Hokkaido Ainu communities. Officially recognized as Japan's indigenous peoples in 2008, Ainu subjectivity has become increasingly politicized as the state and other stakeholders seek to define Ainu ethnicity for future legislation. Today Ainu belonging is frequently gauged by bodily metaphors of a vocalized blood. Cultural sensibility and blood are often conflated in Ainu discourses of identity: Ainu revivalists report that a sensation of “clamoring blood” (J: chi ga sawagu) inspires them to revisit ancestral memories and begin fashioning Ainu identities. Historically, intra-Ainu relations were not bound to blood but instead embodied in material expr...
North-South issues and East-West confrontation

East-West competition in the Third World exacerbates endemic problems and risks driving local crises out of control. It is time for the superpowers to unite against the common enemies of underdevelopment and ecological decay.
Lysozyme Dispersed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Interaction and Activity

The noncovalent interaction between lysozyme (LSZ) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) was probed using a combination of methods including scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence anisotropy. In addition to supporting the previously hypothesized importance of π–π stacking, the results of this research suggest that the key interaction is between the hydrophobic tryptophan residue within LSZ and the sidewall of SWNT. The hydrophobic interaction is so critical to dispersion stabilization that increasing SWNT hydrophilicity through oxidation actually reduces dispersibility in aqueous LSZ. The combination of the strong LSZ–SWNT interaction with the inherent stability of LSZ and preservation of secondary structure enable retention of antibacterial activity both in solution and solid assemblies. This work provides a foundation for advancing understanding and design of materials that combine carbon nanotube properties with natural enzym...
The Effect of Grain Boundaries on Surface Diffusion Mediated-Planarization of Polycrystalline Cu Films

In situ, ultrahigh vacuum anneals were performed to induce Cu reflow at 500°C following deposition of Cu films and a Ta barrier layer on 1 μm wide by 1 μm deep trenches. Transmission electron micrograph cross-sections show profiles which suggest that grain boundaries and surface energy anisotropy significantly affect reflow. The extent of reflow is dependent on the structure of grain boundary-surface intersections, and the surface profile consists of regions of low curvature within grains and with sharp discontinuities in curvature at grain boundaries, a structure that inhibits surface diffusion. We present results showing how the surface diffusion mediated reflow varies with grain boundary groove angle and position, and compare these results with finite-element simulations that model surface diffusion-driven reflow.
Study on the progression and influencing factors of HIV/Al DS among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Shenzhen

Objective To study the progression and influencing factors of HIV / AIDS among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Shenzhen.Methods HIV / AIDS progression in 236 MSM was investigated by questionnaire.Influencing factors and progression of the disease was analyzed.Results 236 MSM were divided into two groups,the rapid HIV / AIDS progression population(RP) accounted for 29.66%(70 /236),and the non-rapid HIV / AIDS progression population accounted for 70.34%(166 /236).The overall median incubation period was 5.63 years.The median incubation time was 3.68 years and 6.51 years for RP and NRP respectively.Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that age,level of education and the first CD4+T cel I counts were significantly associated with the progression of HIV / AIDS in MSM.Conclusion Age,level of education and the first CD4+T cel I counts of HIV / AIDS between MSM seemed to have strong influences on the progression of the disease.It is necessary to strengthen the follow-up and detection of CD4+T cel I counts,actively monitor disease progression,and give antiviral therapy in a more timely fashion.
Re. "Prospective study of histological and endocrine parameters of gonadal function in boys with cryptorchidism".

Verkauskasa et al. are to be commended on the depth of their investigation on hormonal parameters and histological changes in boys with cryptorchidism [1]. The overall finding of the study, which is that Ad spermatogonia counts decrease with age of cryptorchid testis biopsy, is consistent with other studies and highlights the need for prompt treatment of cryptorchid patients after 6 months of age [2]. In the subgroup that had a high risk of infertility because of absence of Ad spermatogonia stem cells, the LH levels were lower than expected, consistent with this subgroup having a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. However, this group is small, less than 20% of the total sample. While the Ad numbers were low in the patients studied, it appears that the count was zero in only 21/51 pts (i.e. the majority of testes showed some germ cell maturation). The authors claim that transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia is testosterone dependent; however, there are also contrary animal and human studies which show that, even in complete androgen insensitivity, Ad spermatogonia appear normal initially. This would suggest that gonocyte transformation into Ad spermatogonia may be androgen-independent. Furthermore, several recent studies in animals and humans show that the pathogenesis and etiology of isolated cryptorchidism is likely multifactorial and in most cases unknown [3]. The bottom line is this: while men with a history of unilateral cryptorchidism tend to have lower sperm counts than the normal
Second moments and rotational spectroscopy

Abstract Although determining molecular structure using microwave spectroscopy is a mature technique, there are still simple but powerful insights to analysis of the data which are not generally appreciated. This paper summarizes three applications of second (or planar) moments which quickly and easily provide insights and conclusions about a molecule’s structure not easily obtained from the molecule’s rotational constants. If the molecule has a plane of symmetry, group second moments can verify that property and determine which groups are located on that plane. Common groups contribute predictable values to second moments. This study examines the contribution and transferability of CH2/CH3, CF2/CF3, isopropyl, and phenyl groups to molecular constants. Structures of related molecules can be critically compared using their second moments. A third application to any molecule, even those whose structures have only the identity symmetry element, determines bond lengths and angles which exactly reproduce experimentally determined 2nd moments, rotational constants, and moments of inertia. Approximate least squares methods are not needed.
Longitudinal Trends in the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal trends in diabetes mellitus (DM) in emergency department (ED) patients and evaluate the factors associated with those trends. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to the ED from 2006 to 2011. The presence of DM, height, and weight were recorded prospectively. The study was conducted in the ED of an urban, academic hospital with an average yearly volume of approximately 62,000 patients. Inclusion criteria were age 16 years and older; presentation to the ED for any reason; and documentation of height, weight, and history of DM. Data were analyzed in 1-year blocks, then examined for trends using linear regression analysis. Data also were examined by obesity class: normal (body mass index [BMI] 20-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), obese (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m(2)), and extreme obesity (BMI >40 kg/m(2)). RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of type 2 DM during the study period. The percentage of type 2 DM for all patient visits increased progressively from 10.7% to 16.1% (r(2) 0.97). Progressive increases in yearly type 2 DM prevalence were observed for all BMI classes. The rate of change in the increase of DM was related directly to the degree of obesity. For the normal weight category, the percentage of patients with DM increased 0.5%/year (r(2) 0.92), overweight 0.7%/year (r(2) 0.88), obesity 1.0%/year (r(2) 0.90), and extreme obesity 1.4%/year (r(2) 0.94). Patient age increased slightly for all obesity groups, accounting for a 0.2% to 0.4%/year increase in the prevalence of DM in the population. CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal analysis, we found an increase in the prevalence of patients with DM and an increase in ED visits by patients with DM. Our results indicate that these increases are influenced most significantly by the obesity level of the patient.
Computational study and error analysis of an integrated sampling-probe and gas-analyzer for mixing measurements in supersonic flow

Concentration probes are employed in supersonic flow mixing measurements. Because the typical design of such probes is essentially based on an inviscid, adiabatic, quasi-1D analysis, the scope of this work is to understand better and quantify the severe impact of viscous effects on the probe's internal gasdynamics and the associated uncertainties in the measured quantities via a computational fluid dynamics analysis. Specifically, the focus is on the augmented errors due to the aforementioned viscous effects when coupled with various cases of probe-flow misalignment, which is a typical scenario encountered in mixing measurements of binary gas compositions (air and helium in the present work) in vortex-dominated flows. Results show phenomena such as shock induced boundary layer separation and the formation of an oblique shock train. These flow features are found to noticeably affect the accuracy of the composition measurement. The errors associated with the inviscid, adiabatic, quasi-1D analysis of the probes are quantified in this study.