cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Balun-Free Helical Antenna for Minimally Invasive Microwave Ablation

We present a balun-free coax-fed helical antenna for microwave ablation. The proposed antenna produces a localized specific absorption rate pattern at the desired frequency of operation without using a coaxial balun. This reduces the outer diameter of the antenna and, thus, its invasiveness. Balun-free operation of the proposed antenna is achieved by operating the helical antenna at the second resonant frequency of the helix where a current minimum occurs at the feed point, resulting in an intrinsically high feed-point impedance. This efficiently chokes the currents excited on the outer surface of the feeding cable. Using a compact quarter-wavelength impedance transformer or a coaxially implemented pi network of reactive elements at the antenna feed point, we achieve an excellent impedance match between the antenna and the main feeding line. We fabricated a prototype of the proposed helical antenna with an outer diameter of 2.2 mm using the pi matching network. We used this prototype to conduct ablation experiments in ex vivo bovine liver. The dimensions of the resulting ablation zones are similar to those produced by coaxially fed antennas that use coaxial baluns. Our balun-free antenna design offers a promising solution for reducing the invasiveness of interstitial antennas used in microwave ablation.
Status of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran testing and reporting under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), under the authority granted by Sections 4 and 8 of the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), has promulgated a testing and reporting Rule that requires manufacturers or importers of eleven chlorinated or brominated chemicals, structurally related to dioxins and furans, to submit analytical testing protocols for approval and carry out testing to determine whether the chemicals contain halogenated dioxins and furans above limits of quantitation set forth in the Rule. Twenty-one submissions, five for chlorinated compounds and 16 for brominated compounds, have been received under this provision of the Rule. Testing data for the chlorinated submissions have been received and have been reviewed by the USEPA. In addition, manufacturers of 29 precursors chemicals are required to submit reports describing the process conditions under which the chemicals are produced. To date, 19 chemical manufacturers have submitted 85 reports covering 93 processes employing 16 of the precursors identified in the Rule. Also, as required by the Rule, existing test data has been submitted for 16 chemicals and health and safety data has been submitted for 48 chemicals. No submissions of worker allegations of adverse health effects have been received.
The Mel'nikov technique for highly dissipative systems

We present explicit calculations that extend the applicability of the Mel’nikov technique to include a general class of highly dissipative systems. In particular, the dissipation may be in the form of large positive or negative damping. The only required assumption is that each system of this class possesses a homoclinic or a heteroclinic orbit. We also show that sufficiently small time-sinusoidal perturbation of these systems results in (nonempty) transversal intersection of stable and unstable manifolds for all but at most discretely many frequencies. The results are then demonstrated via computer simulation of the highly damped pendulum with constant plus small time-sinusoidal forcing.
Energy-Efficient Soft-Error Protection Using Operand Encoding and Operation Bypass

As designs scale further into the nanometer regime, the vulnerability of logic circuits in commodity products to soft errors is increasing and their contribution towards total chip soft-error rate (SER) is predicted to be as high as 60%, much more than that of memory. We employ a value-aware framework that enables operation bypass in combinational circuits to simultaneously reduce both energy consumption and SER in them. Unlike techniques that reduce SER in combinational logic with very high performance and/or energy overheads (since they usually employ significant explicit spatial or temporal redundancy), our technique dynamically exploits operand values by shutting off portions of combinational circuits, thus reducing vulnerable area and energy consumption with minimal performance overheads. On the average across the SPEC CPU2k benchmark suite, we obtain 60% SER reduction and 24% energy savings with minimal impact on performance.
Navier-Stokes computation of wing/rotor interaction for a tilt rotor in hover

A method has been developed to analyze the wing/rotor interaction of tilt rotor aircraft in hover. The unsteady, thin-layer compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an implicit, finite difference scheme that employs LU-ADI factorization. The rotor is modeled as an actuator disk which imparts a radial and azimuthal distribution of pressure rise and swirl to the flowfield. The 'chimera' approach of grid point blanking is used to update the rotor boundary conditions. Results are presented for both a rotor alone and for wing/rotor interaction where the thrust coefficient is 0.0164 and wing flap deflection is 67 degrees. Many of the complex flow features are captured including the fountain effect, leading and trailing edge separation, and the unsteady wake beneath the wing. Wing surface pressures compare fairly well with experimental data although the time-averaged download is about twenty percent higher than the measured value. This discrepancy is due to a combination of factors that are discussed.
Decreased anchoring-fibril antigens (AF1 and AF2) in basal-cell carcinoma.

Basement-membrane-zone (BMZ) components are altered in basal-cell carcinoma (BCC). Electron microscopy has identified areas of normal, discontinuous, or absent BMZ components in human BCC [13, 15, 26]. In the present study, we used new monoclonal antibodies to the anchoring fibrils to study this component of the BMZ. Skin tumors of 11 patients with BCC (10 nodular, 1 superficial) and the palmar pit of a patient with basal-cell nevus syndrome were examined [10] for bullous-pemphigoid antigen (BPA), laminin, and anchoring-fibril antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies AF1 and AF2 [4, 5]. A wedge of tumor (1 2 mm) was frozen in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Lab-Tek Products, Naperville, IL, USA) and stored at -70~ until assayed. Fourmicron-thick sections were cut using a Tissue-Tek-II cryomicrotome and placed on gelatin-prepared slides. The tissue sections were air-dried for 20 rain before staining. AF1 and AF2 murine monoclonal antibodies to anchoring fibrils [4, 5] were used as undiluted hybridoma-cell supernatants. Human bullous-pemphigoid serum from a patient in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by direct and indirect immunofluorescence
Telecommunications and rural health care.

“Research Reviews” are a regular feature of The Journal of Rural Health, presenting current research on a particular them or topic of interest.
Kanker in de familie: wanneer is genetisch onderzoek geïndiceerd?

Potjer TP, Hes FJ, Van Asperen CJ. Kanker in de familie: wanneer is genetisch onderzoek geindiceerd? Huisarts Wet 2013;56(10):528-33.
The Spectrum of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Spectrum of Needs, Services, and Challenges

The dramatic rise in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has resulted in a significant explosion in visibility and a substantial increase in the understanding of this complex group of disorders. Over the last decade, what was once defined only as “autism” has become a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, with variable presentations and levels of impairment that requires an equally broad continuum of care. A wealth of research has not discovered a single “cause” for ASDs, but rather has found a range of genetic/genomic variations that likely play a significant role in the etiology of these disorders. Routine screening for autism is becoming more common, allowing for more timely diagnosis, and hopefully for earlier entry into appropriate and effective treatment. Although there remains no single ‘‘cure’’, there are treatments available that can improve overall functioning and decrease problematic or interfering symptoms across the full spectrum of this disorder. The wide spectrum of ASD presentations complicates treatment planning, with overall ASD severity a factor in determining type, intensity, and duration of interventions and services. This article presents a two-dimensional model of “ASD severity” that considers both the level of specific ASD symptoms/deficits and the level of cognitive resources/limitations as a framework for understanding needs, challenges, and potentially effective interventions for individuals across the ASD spectrum.
Comparison of Long-Term Survival Following Non-Q- Wave Creatine Kinase Elevation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Discharged on a Beta Blocker Versus Those Not So Treated

Alarge cohort of consecutively treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our institution is routinely followed for up to 5 years, and from this registry came the initial reports of the relation between low level creatine kinase (CK) elevation and subsequent adverse outcome during long-term follow-up after PCI. 1 From more recent experience, we sought to determine whether or not -blocker usage diminished the risk of death or reinfarction after CK elevation with PCI.  Baseline, procedural and outcome data are prospectively recorded on all patients undergoing PCI at the Cleveland Clinic by trained personnel on dedicated case report forms. Consecutive patients are prospectively identified for long-term followup. Patients, family, and if necessary, referring physicians were routinely contacted at 30 days and at 1, 3, and 5 years (standardized written form, followed by phone contact if necessary) after their procedure to ascertain occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery, or PCI. The study cohort consisted of all patients undergoing PCI from 1994 to 1998 with elevated CK-MB after PCI who were identified for follow-up. Patients presenting with acute or recent myocardial infarction with continued elevated CK-MB (n 498) or periprocedural Q-wave infarction (n 12) were excluded. Follow-up was 97.9% complete. Discharge medications were confirmed by chart review. Patients whose charts could not be located to ascertain -blocker status were excluded (n 22). For the purposes of the study, a patient was considered to have been treated with blockers if they were discharged from hospital after PCI on any oral blocker. CK-MB levels were routinely obtained 6 to 8 hours
Chloramphenicol serum concentration falls during chloramphenicol succinate dosing.

Chloramphenicol succinate and chloramphenicol kinetics were examined on two occasions at steady state, separated by 2 to 17 days, in 10 pediatric patients on the same intravenous dose of chloramphenicol succinate. The steady-state peak serum concentration of chloramphenicol succinate fell from an average of 77.1 micrograms/ml during the first study to 42.2 micrograms/ml during the second. The steady-state peak serum concentration of chloramphenicol also decreased from an average of 27.8 micrograms/ml to 24.9 micrograms/ml. There was a marked decrease in the steady-state trough serum concentration of chloramphenicol, which averaged 8.4 micrograms/ml during the first and 5.3 micrograms/ml at the time of the second study. Mean area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) of chloramphenicol succinate decreased from 59.7 micrograms . hr/ml to 24.0 micrograms . hr/ml. The AUC of chloramphenicol averaged 105.7 micrograms . hr/ml at the time of the first and decreased to 79.5 micrograms . hr/ml during the second study. Mean percent decrease in the AUC of chloramphenicol was about 28% and occurred most substantially in patients with high AUCs during the first study. Mean elimination chloramphenicol half-life was 3.0 hr during the first study and fell to 2.3 hr at the time of the second study. Our data indicate that chloramphenicol serum concentration should be monitored frequently, especially in patients not responsive to a set dose.
Information architecture: Strategies for analysis of card-sorting data for organizing information on the Census Bureau Web site

Previous research showed that one of the major problems for users of the information-rich Census Bureau Web site was in locating or navigating to desired content. Card sorting was chosen as a way to improve the site. Two important aspects of the card-sorting study are reviewed in this paper: preparation of card labels and interpretation of the results. For the preparation of the labels, the focus was on getting and using user-derived terminology during the sorts. For the analysis, the focus was on using additional ways to visualize and analyze the data. Data were analyzed by cluster analysis in the form of a distance matrix in a tree hierarchy as well as a multidimensional scaling view. In addition, spreadsheet analysis was used to identify terms that were overlapping. Results highlight the importance of using the different views/tools to get a better understanding of the data. The results identify clusters of terms that should be grouped together, terms that need to go in more than one location and outlier terminology, which were seen by users as fitting into many different categories. These results will inform the re-organization of site content.
Rash with DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System Use in Bilateral Reduction Mammoplasty: A Case Series

Background. Bilateral reduction mammoplasty is a common plastic surgery procedure that can be complicated by unfavorable scar formation along incision sites. Surgical adhesives can be utilized as an alternative or as an adjunct to conventional suture closures to help achieve good wound tension and provide an adequate barrier with excellent cosmesis. The recently introduced DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System Skin Closure System combines the skin adhesive 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with a self-adhering polyester-based mesh. Proposed benefits of wound closure with DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System, used with or without sutures, include its watertight seal, easy removal, microbial barrier, even distribution of tension, and reduction in wound closure time. Although allergic reactions to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate have been reported, few allergic reactions to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System have been noted in the literature. This case series describes three patients who experienced an allergic reaction to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System after undergoing elective bilateral reduction mammoplasties at our institution to further explore this topic. Methods. Retrospective chart review of bilateral reduction mammoplasty patients who received DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System dressing at our institution was performed. Results. Three patients were identified as having a rash in reaction to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System after bilateral reduction mammoplasty. All three patients required systemic steroid treatment to resolve the rash. One patient was identified as having a prior adhesive reaction. Conclusions. DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System has demonstrated its efficacy in optimizing scar healing and appearance. However, as we demonstrate these three allergic reactions to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System, caution must be utilized in its usage, namely, in patients with a prior adhesive allergy and in sites where moisture or friction may be apparent.
Why States Won't Give Nuclear Weapons to Terrorists

Many experts consider nuclear terrorism the single greatest threat to U.S. security. The fear that a state might transfer nuclear materials to terrorists was a core justification for the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and, more recently, for a strike against Iran's nuclear program. The logical basis for this concern is sound: if a state could orchestrate an anonymous nuclear terror attack, it could destroy an enemy yet avoid retaliation. But how likely is it that the perpetrators of nuclear terrorism could remain anonymous? Data culled from a decade of terrorist incidents reveal that attribution is very likely after high-casualty terror attacks. Attribution rates are even higher for attacks on the U.S. homeland or the territory of a major U.S. ally—97 percent for incidents in which ten or more people were killed. Moreover, tracing a terrorist group that used a nuclear weapon to its state sponsor would not be difficult, because few countries sponsor terror; few terror groups have multiple sponsors; and only one ...
Shiverer*jimpy double mutant mice. II. Morphological evidence supports reciprocal intergenic suppression

Abstract Mice which carry both the shiverer (shi) and the jimpy (jp) mutations have a morphological phenotype with features of each single mutation by itself but in milder form: the number of myelin sheaths is increased relative to jp, the thickness of sheaths and amount of major dense line is increased relative to shi, and the abnormal, lipid-filled cells characteristic of jp are not seen. However, the abnormal bundles of oligodendrocyte microprocesses and errors in the targeting of myelination which characterize shi are not altered by the presence of the jp mutation. This morphological evidence suggests partial reciprocal intergenic suppression in shiverer*jimpy double mutant mice and therefore agrees with conclusions based on biochemical data presented by Kerner and Carson ( Brain Research, 374 (1986) 45–53).
Share-Issue Privatization in China: 2002-2008

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of China’s incremental approach to denationalization, share-issue privatization, wherein the government sells shares of state-owned enterprises to the public, while retaining an ownership position in the firm. The effectiveness of this approach to denationalization will be evaluated based on four widely-used measures of firm well-being and productivity--returns on assets, returns on sales, sales per employee, and profits per employee, based on data retrieved from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) Database and the Private Listed Companies Database.
Nubar Pasha, Evelyn Baring and a Suppressed Article in the Drummond-Wolff Convention

No historical treatment of the first decade of the British occupation of Egypt overlooks the abortive mission of Sir Henry Drummond-Wolff to Cairo and Istanbul from 1885 to the spring of 1887. Most, however, fail to discuss the diverse political interests within Egypt itself, which, in one fashion or another, stood to be affected by the mission and its objectives. Consequently, an entire segment of the negotiations which led to the 22 May 1887 convention setting the conditions for withdrawal, including an original draft article covering the future status of the capitulatory and mixed court regime in Egypt, has all but disappeared from the record. The circumstances behind this forgotten article demonstrate in capsule form the degree to which the issue of judicial reform indirectly dominated London's Egyptian policy in stages from 1876 to the Montreux Convention on the capitulations concluded by Nahhas Pasha in 1937.
Symptomatic unruptured giant aneurysms: Medical treatment

Medical hypotensive therapy, usually limited to cases with proved haemorrhage, has now been applied to three cases of giant or “very large” aneurysms which were symptomatic but unruptured. All three patients improved. With three cases, the only conclusion that is drawn at this time is that medical treatment may indeed offer something for even this category of aneurysm as well as for the much more common smaller aneurysms that have ruptured and whose excellent response to both early and long term medical hypotensive therapy has already been established.
Thermal and photon induced reactions of CH3CH2OH on Si(111)7×7

The adsorption and reactions of ethanol on Si(111)7×7 have been studied principally by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and photon induced desorption spectroscopy. Facile condensation of molecular ethanol occurs on the surface at 95 K. The adsorbed phase is very disordered. Heating the surface to ∼146 K induces desorption of molecular ethanol, formation of adsorbed H and ethoxy, and restoration of surface order. The ethoxy is further decomposed to atomic fragments around 700 K. Effects of photon irradiation with continuous wave Ar+ laser radiation at wavelengths of 257 and 514 nm and broad spectral radiation from ∼250 to ∼900 nm with a Xe arc lamp have been investigated. Photon irradiation causes no observable photoelectronic effects; it solely heats the substrate and induces thermal reactions.
The Embedded Ribonucleotide Assay: A Chimeric Substrate for Studying Cleavage of RNA by Transesterification

The cleavage (transesterification) of polyribonucleotides is a process of considerable interest. The use of dinucleotide RNA fragments as substrates for the screening of RNA catalysis agents and me...
A Screening Test for the Detection of Anti-Hiv-1 IgA in Young Infants

A simple dot blot screening test for anti-HIV-1 IgA in infant sera was developed using recombinant HIV proteins. Ten control infants, 19 uninfected infants of seropositive mothers and 12 HIV cultur...
First, gather the data.

The body of evidence that is sufficient to demonstrate efficacy for a new drug is rarely large enough to provide absolute assurance that harmful side effects do not exist. David Hunter explains the relevance of ongoing surveillance to detect adverse events.
Adolescent varicocoele management controversies

Varicocoele is defined as excessive dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus of the spermatic cord. Varicocoele frequently appears during early puberty and is recognized to be the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility. However, the actual incidence in adolescents, pathophysiology and the association with male factor infertility all remain somewhat controversial. The most accurate diagnostic technique for identifying young men who will benefit from surgical treatment has yet to be established. Observations of testicular asymmetry and deteriorating semen quality helped establish current guidelines and recommendations for surgical treatment. Further studies, comparing observation with surgical intervention, are needed to refine the current indications for varicocoele repair in the adolescent male.
Calculation of minimum ignition energy and time dependent laminar flame profiles

Abstract Unsteady-state laminar flame theory is used to predict minimum ignition energies for hydrazine vapor and to follow flame speed, temperature profiles, and concentration profiles from ignition by spherical or elongated hot pockets to steady propagation of spherical flames. The time-dependent flame equations are solved in prolate spheroidal coordinates using a Crank-Nicolson predictor-corrector method with step size control. It is shown that the minimum ignition energy is influenced by the geometry of the ignition source and that the ignition energy passes through an absolute minimum as a function of the radius of the spark. Steady flame speeds are compared with experimental values and with the predictions of other workers; and the influence of physical properties, reaction chemistry, and kinetics on the steady flame speed is examined.
Making Meaning of Trauma: Trauma Exposure Doesn't Tell the Whole Story

Although traumatic experiences are relatively common, there is wide variability in individuals’ responses to them. This study examined trauma exposure, meaning making efforts (indexed by post-traumatic cognitions), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) in a non-clinical volunteer student sample (N = 631). We further examined the moderating role of gender, the importance of trauma type (interpersonal vs. non-interpersonal), and the impact of cumulative traumatic experiences. About 75% of the sample reported past trauma (n = 475). Women reported more interpersonal trauma than did men. For both genders, trauma exposure was associated with more PTS. A dose–response relationship was found between the extent of trauma exposure and negative post-traumatic cognitions. Importantly, post-traumatic cognitions predicted PTS controlling for amount of trauma exposure. It appears that it is not merely exposure to negative events that matters, but how we construe and make sense of these experiences. This study extends our understanding of gender differences, meaning-making, and responses to trauma exposure, and suggests avenues of clinical treatment.
Effects of chemical group specific reagents on sodium entry and the amiloride binding site in frog skin: evidence for separate sites.

Previously we have shown that the inhibition of active transport by amiloride is noncompetitive with sodium inRana catesbeiana skin, suggesting that amiloride acts at a site separate from the sodium entry site (Benos, D.J., Mandel, L.J., Balaban, R.S. 1979,J. Gen Physiol.73: 307). In the present study, the effects of a number of sulfhydryl, amino, and carboxyl group selective reagents were studied on short-circuit current (Isc) as well as the efficacy of amiloride in bullfrog skin, to determine those functional ligands which may be involved with either of these processes.
Isolation of two forms of SV40 nucleoprotein containing RNA polymerase from infected monkey cells

Abstract Triton extraction of SV40 infected monkey cells separates the viral transcription complex (VTC) into two fractions. Both forms of VTC are comprised of viral DNA associated with RNA polymerase which had initiated RNA synthesis prior to extraction. Approximately 20% of the total VTC can be solubilized by a variety of extraction conditions, while the remainder is pelleted together with the cellular chromatin or DNA. The proportion of VTC in the pellet fraction is not altered by extraction at a 10-fold lower cell concentration or under conditions which release most of the protein from chromatin and solubilize nearly all of the nonintegrated SV40 DNA. The predominant template for SV40 transcription at a late stage of infection is apparently associated with cellular DNA in vivo , or else it becomes selectively associated during the extraction procedure. Most of the Triton-soluble VTC, detected by endogenous RNA polymerase activity, sediments somewhat faster than the DNA-labeled SV40 chromatin, suggesting that a minor fraction of the DNA is engaged in transcription. Treatment of the VTC with Sarkosyl reduces its sedimentation rate from 50–55 S to 21–25 S and enhances the endogenous RNA polymerase activity by a factor of 3–5. It is thus likely that some cellular and/or viral proteins associated with SV40 DNA affect the rate of viral transcription in vivo .
Below‐cloud scavenging of tropospheric ammonia

Below-cloud scavenging of tropospheric ammonia gas by raindrops was investigated by observing the change in the NH 3 (g) concentration measured before and during long precipitation events. The removal was parameterized as a first-order process; the scavenging coefficient, defined here as the first-order rate coefficient, was computed by two different methods: 1 the average “measured” scavenging coefficient was calculated by taking into account the average “pre-event” and “event” concentrations and the duration of the event 2 the average “theoretical” scavenging coefficient was calculated by considering the diffusion of the gas to the raindrop, the intensity of precipitation during each hour of the event, and the raindrop size distribution. The scavenging coefficient was computed for fourteen precipitation events. The median “measured” scavenging coefficient was 1.3 × 10 -4 s -1 , which is equivalent to an e-folding time of 2.1 hours. Note, however, that these values spanned two orders of magnitude. A comparison of the “measured” to “theoretical” scavenging coefficients showed that these two quantities were within an order of magnitude of each other for most cases. The precipitation-scavenged ammonia was calculated as the difference between the gas concentrations at the beginning and end of the event. For a majority of the events, the scavenged ammonia contributed less than 10% of the total ammonium found in precipitation. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00308.x
Construction and testing of an intron-containing luciferase reporter gene from Renilla reniformis

We describe a newRenilla reniformis luciferase reporter gene,RiLUC, which was designed to allow detection of luciferase activity in studies involvingAgrobacterium-based transient expression studies. TheRLUC gene was altered to contain a modified intron from the castor bean catalase gene while maintaining consensus eukaryotic splicing sites recognized by the plant spliceosome.RLUC andRiLUC reporter genes were fused to the synthetic plant SUPER promoter. Luciferase activity within agrobacteria containing the SUPER-RLUC construct increased during growth in culture. In contrast, agrobacteria harboring the SUPER-RiLUC gene fusion showed no detectable luciferase activity. Agrobacteria containing these gene fusions were cotransformed with a compatible normalization plasmid containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV) joined to the firefly luciferase coding region (FiLUC) and infused into tobacco leaf tissues through stomatal openings. The kinetics of luciferase production from theRLUC orRiLUC reporters were consistent, with expression of theRiLUC gene being limited to transiently transformed plant cells.RiLUC activity from the reporter gene fusions was measured transiently and within stably transformed tobacco leaf tissues. Analysis of stably transformed tobacco plants harboring either reporter gene fusion showed that the intron altered neither the levels of luciferase activity nor tissue-specific expression patterns driven by the SUPER promoter. These results demonstrate that theRiLUC reporter gene can be used to monitor luciferase expression in transient and stable transformation experiments without interference from contaminating agrobacteria.
Molecular subdivision of the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula in relation to geographic distribution, genome size, and physiology

Marine phytoplankton drift passively with currents, have high dispersal potentials and can be comprised of morphologically cryptic species. To examine molecular subdivision in the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula, variations in rDNA sequence, genome size, and growth rate were examined among isolates collected from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. Analyses of rDNA included T. gravida because morphological studies have argued that T. rotula and T. gravida are conspecific. Culture collection isolates of T. gravida and T. rotula diverged by 7.0 ± 0.3% at the ITS1 and by 0.8 ± 0.03% at the 28S. Within T. rotula, field and culture collection isolates were subdivided into three lineages that diverged by 0.6 ± 0.3% at the ITS1 and 0% at the 28S. The predicted ITS1 secondary structure revealed no compensatory base pair changes among lineages. Differences in genome size were observed among isolates, but were not correlated with ITS1 lineages. Maximum acclimated growth rates of isolates revealed genotype by environment effects, but these were also not correlated with ITS1 lineages. In contrast, intra-individual variation in the multi-copy ITS1 revealed no evidence of recombination amongst lineages, and molecular clock estimates indicated that lineages diverged 0.68 Mya. The three lineages exhibited different geographic distributions and, with one exception, each field sample was dominated by a single lineage. The degree of inter- and intra-specific divergence between T. gravida and T. rotula suggests they should continue to be treated as separate species. The phylogenetic distinction of the three closely-related T. rotula lineages was unclear. On the one hand, the lineages showed no physiological differences, no consistent genome size differences and no significant changes in the ITS1 secondary structure, suggesting there are no barriers to interbreeding among lineages. In contrast, analysis of intra-individual variation in the multicopy ITS1 as well as molecular clock estimates of divergence suggest these lineages have not interbred for significant periods of time. Given the current data, these lineages should be considered a single species. Furthermore, these T. rotula lineages may be ecologically relevant, given their differential abundance over large spatial scales.
Static polarizabilities of the Ne, Mg and Ar isoelectronic sequences

Numerical procedures are employed to determine uncoupled hartree-Fock polarizabilities α0 for members of the Ne, Mg and Ar isoelectronic sequences. For each system the first-order correction (α1) to the polarizability is evaluated and it is found that both α0 + α1 and the ‘geometric approximation’ α0/(1 - α1/α0) are generally in accord with polarizabilities determined from the fully coupled Hartree-Fock scheme. It is concluded that, as for smaller systems, this approach provides an economical means of obtaining a satisfactory approximation to the coupled Hartree-Fock polarizability of an atom.
The Phenomenon of Hand Holding as a Coping Strategy in Adolescents Experiencing Treatment-Related Pain:

The purpose of this study was to understand the phenomenon of hand holding as a coping strategy used by adolescents to deal with treatment-related pain. The convenience sample consisted of 20 adole...
Interaction of vortices in thin superconducting films and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition

The precondition for the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in thin superconducting films, i.e., the logarithmic intervortex interaction, is satisfied at short distances relative to $\ensuremath{\Lambda}=2{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}∕d$, where $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the London penetration depth of the bulk material and $d$ is the film thickness. For this reason, the search for the transition has been conducted in samples of the size $Ll\ensuremath{\Lambda}$. It is argued below that film edges turn the interaction into near exponential (short range), thus making the BKT transition impossible. If, however, the substrate is superconducting and separated from the film by an insulated layer, the logarithmic intervortex interaction is recovered and the BKT transition should be observable.
Spatially-Resolved Heat Transfer and Flow Structure in a Rectangular Channel With 45° Angled Rib Turbulators

Spatially-resolved Nusselt numbers and flow structure are presented for a stationary channel with an aspect ratio of 4 and angled rib turbulators inclined at 45° with perpendicular orientations on two opposite surfaces. The flow structure results include time-averaged distributions of streamwise velocity and total pressure, surveyed over flow cross-sectional planes, as well as flow visualization images and friction factors. Results are given at different Reynolds numbers based on channel height from 270 to 90,000. The ratio of rib height to hydraulic diameter is .078, the rib pitch-to-height ratio is 10, and the blockage provided by the ribs is 25 percent of the channel cross-sectional area. Spatially-resolved local Nusselt numbers are highest on tops of the rib turbulators, with lower magnitudes on flat surfaces between the ribs, where regions of flow separation and shear layer re-attachment have pronounced influences on local surface heat transfer behavior. Also important are intense, highly unsteady secondary flows and vortex pairs, which increase secondary advection and turbulent transport over the entire channel cross-section. The resulting augmented local and spatially-averaged Nusselt number ratios (rib turbulator Nusselt numbers normalized by values measured in a smooth channel) generally increase on the rib tops as Reynolds number increases. Nusselt number ratios decrease on the flat regions away from the ribs, especially at locations just downstream of the ribs, as Reynolds number increases. Globally-averaged Nusselt number ratios vary from 3.36 to 2.82 as Reynolds number increases from 10,000 to 90,000. Thermal performance parameters also decrease somewhat as Reynolds number increases over this range, with values in approximate agreement with, or slightly higher than 60° continuous rib data measured by other investigators in a square channel.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Interference by newborn lymphoid cells with establishment of immunologic unresponsiveness to a protein antigen.

SummaryInjection of 5 to 15 × 106 newborn lymphoid cells into newborn mice, 2 to 6 hours following injection of a tolerance-inducing dose of BSA, resulted in immunologic responsiveness in 13 out of 17 mice upon challenge 30 to 40 days later. It is felt that quantity and distribution of lymphoid tissue are of major importance in determining the ease with which immunologic unresponsiveness can be established.
Attraction of Hawaiian Aquatic Insects to Pest Tephritid Parakairomone Lures

Attraction to 3 pest tephritid parakairomone lures (methyl eugenol, trimedlure, and cuelure) of aquatic insects associated with swift-water habitat in representative Hawaiian stream systems is evaluated. Results indicate no attractancy of aquatic insects to methyl eugenol or cuelure. Attractancy is suggested for Hawaiian Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) to trimedlure; however, significant negative effects to stream insect communities are unlikely because total captures were low and likely limited to this family. High variability in aquatic insect response, both within and between streams as well as possible susceptibility to bucket traps suggest that weak-acting lures such as trimedlure are influenced by multiple variables (trap type and placement, season, insect phenology, population characteristics and dynamics, and stream ecotype)
Desynchronization waves in small-world networks

A regular array of oscillators with random coupling exhibits a transition from synchronized motion to desynchronized but ordered waves as a global coupling parameter is increased, due to the spread of localized instability of eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix. We find that shortcuts, which make a regular network small-world, can destroy ordered desynchronization wave patterns. Wave patterns in a small-world network are usually destroyed gradually as the degree of regularity in the network deteriorates. No ordered wave patterns are observed in scale-free and random networks. The formation of ordered wave patterns in a coupled oscillator network can be explained by considering the time evolution of phase in each oscillator. We derive a general type of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for phase evolution in a prototype oscillator network. The equation demonstrates well the ordered desynchronized wave patterns found in the network with and without shortcuts. Our results provide a qualitative justification for the requirement of certain degree of regularity in the network for ordered wave patterns to arise.
Impact of modern memory subsystems on cache optimizations for stencil computations

In this work we investigate the impact of evolving memory system features, such as large on-chip caches, automatic prefetch, and the growing distance to main memory on 3D stencil computations. These calculations form the basis for a wide range of scientific applications from simple Jacobi iterations to complex multigrid and block structured adaptive PDE solvers. First we develop a simple benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of prefetching in cache-based memory systems. Next we present a small parameterized probe and validate its use as a proxy for general stencil computations on three modern microprocessors. We then derive an analytical memory cost model for quantifying cache-blocking behavior and demonstrate its effectiveness in predicting the stencil-computation performance. Overall results demonstrate that recent trends memory system organization have reduced the efficacy of traditional cache-blocking optimizations.
SU-E-T-805: A GPU-Based Re-Planning System for Online Adaptive Radiotherapy

Purpose: To develop a re‐planning platform based on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Methods: Our project is based on the Qt framework to build a multi‐platforms GUI and allowing the user to have a control on every step of the process. The GUI is designed to be extended each time a feature is needed. Into this GUI, we have integrated several different modules for each part of the workflow. We have modules for DICOM file handling, image pre‐processing, including structure identification from the contours, automatic rigid registration, CT to Cone Beam CT structure propagation and manual structure alignment. We also have modules for deformable image registration based on the demons algorithm, dose calculation and plan re‐optimization. Most of the modules have been implemented on a GPU to allow high efficiency treatment re‐planning. Also each module comes with a visualization tool to always have control of the entire procedure. Results: We have developed a Qt‐based GUI for online ART. GPU modules for image pre‐processing, deformable registration, dose calculation and plan optimization have been integrated within this GUI. Conclusions: We transformed stand‐alone efficient processing tools into a user‐friendly platform, that can be used by clinicians, in order to have a fast treatment re‐planning, and an overview of the results for plan inspection and approval.
MASS MOTION IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE.

Solar chromosphere mass motion, studying macroturbulence influences on visible spectrum lines high resolution profiles from rocket spectrograms
Shattered expectations: Public responses to “out-of-character” presidential actions

Six alternative hypotheses about public responses to “out-of-character” presidential actions were tested in an experiment that manipulated both the president's preexisting policy position (a hawkish or a dovish stance in international affairs) and the nature of his action in an international crisis (hawkish versus dovish). In addition, subjects themselves were classified as hawks or doves. Approval of the president and of his response to the crisis was a complex function of the policy views of the subject and the consistency of the president's action with his past record. Doves supported presidents and actions that were compatible with their own dovish leanings but resented a dovish president who behaved hawkishly, generally confirming the view that similarity breeds attraction. By contrast, hawks were willing to tolerate dovish behavior if it was undertaken by a hawk, supporting the expectation that out-of-character actions are uniquely capable of disarming would-be opponents. For neither hawkish nor dovish presidents were these findings consistent with the “waffling” interpretation, which holds that inconsistency per se is downgraded. Compared to presidents whose actions were consistent with their previous beliefs, out-of-character presidents were preceived as more changeable, in both positive and negative senses; were believed to have disliked doing what they had done; and were judged to have been relatively uninfluenced by internal causes.
Lessons from the Collective Action Game

Political scientists commonly use their courses to emphasize the pervasive nature of collective action problems, whereby group interests are undermined by individual incentives to “defect” or “free ride.” In a graduate seminar a faculty member may have students read classics in this area, such as Mancur Olson's The Logic of Collective Action (1965). Graduate students are often expected to model a collective action problem as a prisoner's dilemma and be able to understand the implications in such areas as establishment of interest groups, voting turnout, budgeting, and military relationships among nations. Even in lower division undergraduate courses political science instructors may integrate concepts from collective action theory. This orientation is also evident in some textbooks. Thus in their introduction to American politics, Samuel Kernell and Gary C. Jacobson (2003) offer an extensive discussion of collective action problems and the role of government, and return repeatedly to this topic throughout their book. Similarly, a focus on collective action problems is at the heart of Walter Stone's introductory American politics text, Republic at Risk (1990).
Enzymatic copolymerization of nitroxide labelled uridine derivatives with nucleoside diphosphates

Abstract Nucleic acids with nitroxide radicals covalently bound to a limited number of bases in the lattice are valuable for monitoring the interaction of nucleic acids in complex biological systems. An enzymatic approach is described for obtaining spin labelled polyribonucleotides where the position of the nitroxide radical(s) with respect to the base is well defined. The synthesis and properties of (RUGT.U) n , (RUGT. C) n , (RUGT. A) n ) , and the biradical system (lRUGT, U) n are reported.
Synthesis of distillation-based processes for non-ideal mixtures

Abstract Our understanding of how to design distillation-based processes to separate mixtures displaying azeotropic behavior has grown enormously in the past quarter century. We elegantly sketch distillation column behavior on a composition diagram where we display VLE and column behavior using residue and distillation curves. In the presence of azeotropes, these curves partition composition space into distillation regions that trap the performance of individual columns. We can view liquid–liquid behavior as a tearing of composition space, a tear that always spawns from a minimum binary azeotrope. A material balance across a column section leads to a difference point, which we can use to understand column tray-by-tray and limiting behavior for ordinary, extractive and even reactive distillation. We demonstrate how to synthesize alternative separation processes, concentrating on those that produce pure products. We use boundary curvature, solvent addition, extractive agents, liquid–liquid behavior and strategically placed reaction to step across distillation boundaries. We show that these processes always contain recycles to gain feasibility but also to have economically attractive processes.
Troubled reaching after right occipito-temporal damage.

Abstract We encountered a man with an unusual reaching disturbance due to a stroke in the right occipito-temporal cortex and subjacent white matter. We studied his behavior in detail including vision and hand control. He had a left homonymous hemianopia. In his remaining fields static visual acuity and stereoacuity were normal, but he could not detect a coherent motion signal or follow moving targets with smooth pursuit. Transduction of limb movements using an optoelectronic technique showed abnormal morphology, increased variability and markedly prolonged latencies for transport to external visual targets, yet he achieved these targets with precision. Reaching to selfbound targets, and to the remembered locations of external targets with vision blocked was 5 × faster. The findings may be explained by: (1) damage in regions homologous to areas TF and TH in the monkey, which provide visual inputs to hand and forelimb representations in the cortex; (2) injury in human regions homologous to the monkey's MT complex, with inability to use visual information on the movement of the limb due to a visual motion processing defect; and (3) disruption of visual cortical-subcortical connections mediating crucial transformations among limb and target representations.