cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thrombopoietin from beginning to end.

Abstract In the two decades since its cloning, thrombopoietin (TPO) has emerged not only as a critical haematopoietic cytokine, but also serves as a great example of bench-to-bedside research. Thrombopoietin, produced by the liver, is the primary regulator of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentiation. Additionally, as TPO is vital for the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells, it can truly be described as a pan-haematopoietic cytokine. Since recombinant TPO became available, the molecular mechanisms of TPO function have been the subject of extensive research. Via its receptor, c-Mpl (also termed MPL), TPO activates a wide array of downstream signalling pathways, promoting cellular survival and proliferation. Due to its central, non-redundant role in haematopoiesis, alterations of both the hormone and its receptor contribute to human disease; congenital and acquired states of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia and aplastic anaemia as a result from dysregulated TPO expression or functional alterations of c-Mpl. With TPO mimetics now in clinical use, the story of this haematopoietic cytokine represents a great success for biomedical research.
Copper oxide supported on alumina: III. X-ray K-absorption edge studies of the Cu2+ species

Abstract X-Ray K-absorption edge spectroscopy studies were performed on samples containing cupric ion supported on γ-alumina. It was found that, at lower concentrations of cupric ion, a surface phase is present that resembles the structure of copper aluminate. Parameters that affect the formation of this aluminate phase include the surface area of the alumina and the concentration of cupric ions. The aluminate phase is undetectable by X-ray diffraction. It is proposed that the aluminate surface phase accounts for the sharp rise in magnetic susceptibility that has been previously noted in the susceptibility isotherm of the system copper oxide-on-alumina. When samples containing the aluminate surface phase are reduced and reoxidized in the absence of moisture, the aluminate is converted to cupric oxide. Three distinguishable phases have now been identified in composites containing cupric ions dispersed on alumina: isolated cupric ions, a copper aluminate surface phase, and cupric oxide. The chemical bonds in the first two phases are apparently the same, and different from those in the third one.
Recent advances and actual challenges in late transition metal catalyzed hydrosilylation of olefins from an industrial point of view

Abstract Hydrosilylation of olefins is the key catalytic reaction for the production of industrially important organosilicon compounds such as organofunctional silanes and silicones. Moreover catalytic hydrosilylation is used for crosslinking of silicone polymers to elastomers and silicone-based release coatings, and for coupling of silanes and siloxanes to organic polymers. Industrially relevant aspects of hydrosilylation are dominated by the selectivity, activity (defined by the turnover frequency (TOF)), and stability (defined by the turnover number (TON)) of hydrosilylation catalysts as well as switchable catalyses. Furthermore, the high and volatile price of platinum as the industrially most important catalytic metal is a strong motivation for the reduction of precious metal consumption, such as homogeneous catalyst recycling or increasing the TOF resp. TONs of established hydrosilylation catalysts, or employing lower-priced transition metal catalysts. The selectivity of hydrosilylation determines yield and production costs of functional silanes, e.g. hydrosilylation products of allyl chloride, but is of equal importance for the product quality of silane-modified organic polymers and hybrid polymers. As industrial applications of hydrosilylation curing silicones, such as release coatings and elastomers, continuously move towards higher production speed, this requires catalytic systems capable of very high activity resp. turnover frequencies at temperatures typically above 100 °C, but allowing shelf-stable silicone compositions and therefore requiring suppression of any catalytic activity at ambient conditions prior use. This form of switchable catalysis employs carefully designed catalytic systems, which are activated by heating or photoactivation in a very short period of time, demanding very high standards of industrial hydrosilylation chemistry.
High-Riter Bicistronic Retroviral Vectors Employing Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site

Bicistronic retroviral vectors were constructed containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) followed by the coding region of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or therapeutic genes, with the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. LNFX, a vector with a multiple cloning site 3' to foot-and-mouth disease virus IRES, was used to construct vectors encoding rat erythropoietin (EP), rat granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), human adenosine deaminase (ADA) and beta-gal. In transduced primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells the cytokines were expressed at high levels, similar to those obtained from vectors employing the viral LTR promoter. LNFZ, a vector encoding beta-gal, had a 10-fold increase in titer over that of LNPoZ, a comparable vector containing the poliovirus (Po) internal ribosome entry site. Primary canine vascular smooth muscle cells infected with LNFZ and LNPoZ expressed similar activities of beta-gal and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT). Overall, these vectors had titers between 10(6) and 2 x 10(7) c.f.u./ml, indicating that foot-and-mouth disease virus IRES provides high-titer bicistronic vectors with high-level two gene expression.
Evaluation of the quality of duplicated radiographs.

Abstract This experiment evaluated the image quality of duplicated radiographs made at different ultraviolet light exposures. Image quality was measured in terms of “residual” film fog, film density, mottle, image contrast, and resolution. The “residual” fog density of duplicates decreased with increases in ultraviolet exposures until it was less than the fog density of the original. The density of duplicates decreased with increases in ultraviolet exposures until it leveled off at a certain density, depending on the density of the original film. Mottle was less on lighter duplicates than on darker duplicates. Contrast of duplicates increased initially with increases in ultraviolet exposures and later decreased with further increases in ultraviolet exposures. Resolution of duplicates was nearly the same as the original as long as the duplicate had acceptable “residual” fog density.
BIO-ASSAY OF ESTROGENS BY INTRAVAGINAL INJECTION IN IMMATURE RATS.

The bio-assay of estrogens was based on vaginal estrus produced in intact immature rats by intravaginal injection. Doseresponse lines were determined for each estrogen by conducting from 7 to 11 3-point assays, using 10 animals per dose in each assay. The 50%-response dose for 17β-estradiol was found to be approximately 1 X 10-4 μg, a value similar to that obtained by others in the ovariectomized adult mouse. Estrone was only about 4% as active as 17β-estradiol in the immature rat. These estrogens have been reported to be equally active in the mouse. All epimers of estriol were included in this study. The activities of estriol, 16-epiestriol and 16,17-epiestriol were less than that of 17β-estradiol, namely, about 30, 5 and 1%, respectively. 17-Epiestriol, however, was found to be at least as active (5 × 1O-6 μg) as 17β-estradiol. Estra-l,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol was about 10% as active (1 × 10-3 μg) as 17β- estradiol, but more active than estrone (2.5 × 10-3 μg) by this procedure. This compound has been fo...
The impact of distributed programming abstractions on application energy consumption

Abstract With battery capacities remaining a key physical constraint for mobile devices, energy efficiency has become an important software design consideration. Distributed programming abstractions (e.g., sockets, RPC, messages, etc.) are an essential component of modern software, but their energy consumption characteristics are poorly understood. The programmer has few practical guidelines to choose the right abstraction for energy-constrained scenarios. In this article, we report on the findings of a systematic study we conducted to compare and contrast major distributed programming abstractions in terms of their energy consumption patterns. By varying the abstractions with the rest of the functionality fixed, we measure and analyze the impact of distributed programming abstractions on application energy consumption. Based on our findings, we present a set of practical guidelines for the programmer to select an abstraction that satisfies the energy consumption constraints in place. Our other guidelines can steer future efforts in creating energy efficient distributed programming abstractions.
May-Thurner Syndrome in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale. An Important Clinical Association

Background and Purpose— We aimed to investigate the incidence of May-Thurner syndrome in patients with cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. Methods— This was a retrospective study. All consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke having undergone patent foramen ovale closure from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2007, at our institute were included in this study. Pelvic magnetic resonance venography studies of all patients were reviewed to determine if features of May-Thurner syndrome were present. Medical records and invasive venography studies of all patients were reviewed when available. All patients with May-Thurner syndrome features on magnetic resonance venography were reviewed by a vascular medicine specialist to define any previous incidence of deep vein thrombosis or any signs of chronic venous insufficiency. All patients also had lower limb venous duplex performed to rule out lower limb venous thrombosis. Results— A total of 470 patients from January 1, 2002, until December 31, 2007, wi...
Androgen regulation of transferase II activity in the mouse kidney

Abstract Castration of adult male mice reduced the ability of the transferase factors of the kidney to stimulate amino acid incorporation by polysomes in vitro. The administration of testosterone propionate (TP) to the mice for 11 days greatly increased the activity of the transferase fraction. The changes occurred only in transferase II. The induction of the increase in transferase activity was evident 24 h after the injection of TP and required a lag period of at least 12 h. The concentration of pH 5 enzymes (protein) was slightly decreased by castration and was restored by TP administration. The radioactivity in the hot perchloric acid extract of the protein after amino acid incorporation was increased but the activity of the pH 5 enzyme fraction on amino incorporation was not significantly changed by androgen administration.
Rapid analysis for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by linear-sweep differential pulse voltammetry

Rapid-scan linear-sweep differential pulse voltammetry at scan rates of up to 200 mV s-1 is evaluated for the rapid analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in acetonitrile at a platinum working electrode. Three- and four-component mixtures with appropriate peak potential separation between the components can be readily separated and quantified at the 1–5-ppm concentration level. A major advantage of the method is the short time requirement. A four-component mixture which requires a 1.2-V range to cover all peaks can be scanned in only 6 s instead of the 5–10 min required by conventional differential pulse voltammetry.
Differential regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in Fas-resistant hepatocyte-specific Bid-deficient mice

Background & Aims Activation of Fas death receptor results in apoptosis in multiple organs, particularly liver, in a process dependent on Bid cleavage. Mice injected with an anti-Fas antibody die within hours of acute liver failure associated with massive apoptosis and hemorrhage. Our aim was to investigate the crosstalk of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways and the contribution of selective hepatocellular apoptosis during in vivo Fas activation. Methods We generated hepatocyte-specific Bid deficient mice ( hBid −/− ). Acute liver injury was induced by Fas-activating antibody (Jo2) in a time-course study. Results In contrast to controls, nearly all Jo2 injected hBid −/− survived. Their livers showed complete protection against hepatocellular apoptosis with minimal focal hemorrhagic changes and mainly non-parenchymal cell apoptosis. In agreement, the hepatocytes had no mitochondrial cytochrome c release in cytosol, or caspase 3 activation. hBid −/− livers showed marked increase in acute inflammatory foci composed of neutrophils and monocytes associated with the increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, in the manner dependent on non-canonical interleukin-1β activation and amplified in the absence of caspase-3 activation. In addition, hBid −/− mice were completely protected from hepatotoxicity and the infiltrated cells were cleared 2weeks post single Jo2 injection. Conclusions Hepatocyte Bid suppression is critical for the resistance to the lethal effects of Fas activation in vivo . Fas signaling induces differential activation of non-canonical interleukin-1β maturation, amplified in the absence of apoptotic Bid-mitochondrial loop, in hepatocytes. These findings may have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in a variety of liver disorders associated with Fas activation.
Factorization and Resummation of Higgs Boson Differential Distributions in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

We derive a factorization theorem for the Higgs boson transverse momentum (${p}_{T}$) and rapidity ($Y$) distributions at hadron colliders, using the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), for ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\gg}{p}_{T}\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$, where ${m}_{h}$ denotes the Higgs mass. In addition to the factorization of the various scales involved, the perturbative physics at the ${p}_{T}$ scale is further factorized into two collinear impact-parameter beam functions (IBFs) and an inverse soft function (ISF). These newly defined functions are of a universal nature for the study of differential distributions at hadron colliders. The additional factorization of the ${p}_{T}$-scale physics simplifies the implementation of higher order radiative corrections in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}({p}_{T})$. We derive formulas for factorization in both momentum and impact parameter space and discuss the relationship between them. Large logarithms of the relevant scales in the problem are summed using the renormalization group equations of the effective theories. Power corrections to the factorization theorem in ${p}_{T}/{m}_{h}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}/{p}_{T}$ can be systematically derived. We perform multiple consistency checks on our factorization theorem including a comparison with known fixed-order QCD results. We compare the SCET factorization theorem with the Collins-Soper-Sterman approach to low-${p}_{T}$ resummation.
Young investigators in toxicology: is there a crisis?

Reduced investment in research, sequester uncertainty, and the ever-decreasing spending power of the NIH budget over the past several years have been extremely trying for the scientific enterprise, straining the infrastructure on which so many of us depend. Several have written on the topic and proposed solutions to deal with these challenges. Notably, Ron Daniels, President of Johns Hopkins University, outlined many of the problems in a recent Editorial (Daniels, 2015), and others have addressed some of the more systemic problems with our biomedical research structure (Alberts et al., 2014). Indeed, we may need some fundamental changes in how we perform biomedical research. That said, I believe that toxicologists are better positioned than many of the other subdisciplines within biomedical sciences. A perceived dearth of opportunities for budding toxicologists is one of the most toxic results of the current scientific environment. I am not suggesting that it is all perception, but rather that it may not be as bad as it seems. Senior scientists lament the current situation often in the presence of their trainees, so much so that many seem to think that quenching the fire inside developing scientists is part of their job description. Such negativity may reflect reality, but mentors must resist the temptation to extinguish the hopes and dreams of their trainees. Intelligent trainees with creativity and enthusiasm are going to eventually succeed in some endeavor. We need this endeavor to be toxicology. Thus, while the basic biomedical scientist certainly has fewer opportunities than in the past, the field of toxicology has had and continues to have much more to offer. We still have the basic research positions in academia, but there are also numerous opportunities in government and the private sector (even though these entities are also suffering from shrinking budgets and reduced investment in research). The need for toxicology is not shrinking. Even if we think the support for these needs is lagging, we must remain competitive for the scarce resources. Yes, the environment now is different than when many of us were in school, but all hope is not lost. We must equip our trainees to succeed in the evolving scientific landscape. I have taken the Editorial liberty of offering some unsolicited advice to my captive audience designed to abate the crisis.
INDUCTION OF TNFα AND TNFβ GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT CARDIAC TRANSPLANTS DURING ALLOGRAFT REJECTION

The expression of the cytotoxic cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and TNF beta or lymphotoxin (LT) was assessed in rat cardiac transplants during rejection. Newborn rat cardiac grafts placed in adult rat ear pinnae were retrieved on days 1 through 10 posttransplantation; the average time to rejection, assessed by the absence of detectable electrocardiographic activity, was determined to be 7 days. Total cellular RNA and tissue homogenates were prepared from cardiac transplants in order that relative levels of TNF alpha and LT mRNA and TNF protein could be determined. A biphasic pattern of TNF alpha gene expression was consistently seen in cardiac allografts. TNF alpha mRNA transcripts were detected as early as day 2 post-tx, with peak levels appearing on day 3 post-tx. Although transcript levels decreased by day 4, a significant increase appeared again on day 6 post-tx, coincident with the onset of rejection. Similar to TNF alpha gene expression, LT transcripts demonstrated a biphasic pattern of induction. LT mRNA transcripts also reached peak levels on day 3 post-tx, with a second increase in transcript levels coincident with rejection. TNF protein levels in allografts displayed a biphasic pattern, similar to that shown by the cytokine mRNAs. Peak levels of TNF protein were detected on day 3 post-tx, with a second increase again coinciding with rejection. In contrast to TNF expression found in allografts, TNF alpha and LT mRNA transcripts were not detected in isografts on days 1 through 10 post-tx. TNF protein levels in cardiac isografts were consistently at or below the standard limits of detection, and on days 3 through 7 post-tx were significantly reduced (P < or = 0.001) when compared with time-matched allografts. Increased expression of the cytotoxic cytokines TNF alpha and LT, therefore, appears to be allograft-specific and is an early event during rat cardiac allograft rejection. In conclusion, induction of TNF gene expression may be an important early indicator of transplant rejection.
Ulrich Pfeffel's Library: Parish Priests, Preachers, and Books in the Fifteenth Century

In 1460 Karl von Seckendorf sent the following note along with a manuscript that included a biblical commentary, the Postilla super epistulas dominicales by Matthias de Liegnitz, to an acquaintance.
THE AMYGDALA MODULATES THE CONSOLIDATION OF MEMORIES OF EMOTIONALLY AROUSING EXPERIENCES

Converging findings of animal and human studies provide compelling evidence that the amygdala is critically involved in enabling us to acquire and retain lasting memories of emotional experiences. This review focuses primarily on the findings of research investigating the role of the amygdala in modulating the consolidation of long-term memories. Considerable evidence from animal studies investigating the effects of posttraining systemic or intra-amygdala infusions of hormones and drugs, as well as selective lesions of specific amygdala nuclei, indicates that (a) the amygdala mediates the memory-modulating effects of adrenal stress hormones and several classes of neurotransmitters; (b) the effects are selectively mediated by the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA); (c) the influences involve interactions of several neuromodulatory systems within the BLA that converge in influencing noradrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic activation; (d) the BLA modulates memory consolidation via efferents to other brain regions, including the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and cortex; and (e) the BLA modulates the consolidation of memory of many different kinds of information. The findings of human brain imaging studies are consistent with those of animal studies in suggesting that activation of the amygdala influences the consolidation of long-term memory; the degree of activation of the amygdala by emotional arousal during encoding of emotionally arousing material (either pleasant or unpleasant) correlates highly with subsequent recall. The activation of neuromodulatory systems affecting the BLA and its projections to other brain regions involved in processing different kinds of information plays a key role in enabling emotionally significant experiences to be well remembered.
Heterojunction cathode injectors for D-band InP Gunn devices

Abstract InP Gunn devices with InGaAsP heterojunction-cathode injectors have been investigated for operation at D-band frequencies (110–170 GHz). The energy barrier to electron flow associated with the InGaAsP/InP heterojunction increases the electric field strength in the active region. Monte Carlo simulation reveals that a large barrier height could produce an excessive electric field near the cathode. As a result, the majority of electrons remain in the upper conduction band valleys throughout the active region which is to be avoided. Compared to a conventional structure, the heterojunction-cathode structure tends to operate at lower frequencies due to the reduction of the “dead zone” or equivalently the increase in the effective transit region length. Simulation of a structure with 0.8 μm long active region and a 0.1 eV barrier height predicts optimum performance at 140 GHz with an output power of 156 mW and a conversion efficiency of 5.5%. Including quantum tunneling in the model results in a larger average current density and degradation in performance. However with the barrier height increased to 0.125 eV, simulation results predict more than twofold increase in power and more than 50% increase in efficiency compared to a conventional structure with a graded doping profile.
New piezoelectric substrates for SAW devices

Recent developments in single crystal piezoelectric materials have focused on the search for "ideal" materials with zero temperature coefficient of frequency orientations featuring jointly high piezoelectric coupling, high intrinsic Q, zero power flow angle, and minimized diffraction effects. In addition, the desired materials should have no low temperature phase transitions, and a physical chemistry conducive to repeatable, low cost growth and wafer scale device production. As difficult as it might seem to find such "ideal" materials, three completely different but strong candidate materials have emerged recently: the quartz homeotype gallium orthophosphate, the quartz isotype calcium gallo-germanates (langasite, langanite, langatate, etc.), and diomignite (lithium tetraborate). The current state-of-the-art and prospects for future development of these materials are considered.
Resonance Raman and time-resolved resonance Raman studies of 3MLCT-state populations in the series of ruthenium(II) complexes with bipyridine and tetramethylbipyridine

The resonance Raman (RR) and time-resolved resonance Raman (TR 3 ) spectra of the complexes of ruthenium(II) with the ligands 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (tmb) are reported. The RR spectra of the ground-state species show no anomalous behavior and are consistent with vibrationally isolated chelate ligands. The TR 3 spectra provide definitive evidence that the 3 MLCT excited-state electron density is localized on the bpy ligand in the three complexes containing this ligand
Privacy-preserving distributed k -anonymity

k-anonymity provides a measure of privacy protection by preventing re-identification of data to fewer than a group of k data items. While algorithms exist for producing k-anonymous data, the model has been that of a single source wanting to publish data. This paper presents a k-anonymity protocol when the data is vertically partitioned between sites. A key contribution is a proof that the protocol preserves k-anonymity between the sites: While one site may have individually identifiable data, it learns nothing that violates k-anonymity with respect to the data at the other site. This is a fundamentally different distributed privacy definition than that of Secure Multiparty Computation, and it provides a better match with both ethical and legal views of privacy.
Race and gender affect outcomes of lower extremity bypass.

Background Race and gender have individually been associated with affecting outcomes in vascular interventions. We hypothesized that race and gender stratification would identify variations in outcomes of lower extremity bypass (LEB) procedures. Methods LEB procedures were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill) codes from the 2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Individuals of races other than black or white were excluded because of small sample size. Preoperative variables, such as age, demographics, medical comorbidities, and laboratory values, were evaluated across race and gender groups using χ 2 , the Student t -test, and least square means testing. Significant predictors were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model. Six primary outcomes were evaluated: major complications, minor complications, 30-day mortality, early graft failure, readmission, and length of stay (LOS). Results There were 4518 LEB procedures performed on black (n = 839; male [BM], 56.5%; female [BF], 43.5%) or white (n = 3679; male [WM], 66.4%; female [WF], 33.6%) patients. Black patients were more likely to be younger, diabetic, smokers, functionally dependent, dialysis dependent, and have hypertension, critical limb ischemia, higher creatinine, lower hematocrits, and higher platelet counts. Multivariate analysis revealed no statistically significant gender differences within the white cohort with respect to complications, death, graft failure, or readmission rates. WF and BM had longer LOS than WM (reference group; 4.7 ± 1.9 days and 5.4 ± 2.0 days vs 4.3 ± 2.0 days, respectively; P P P P = .08). BF had a higher risk of early graft failure than WM (odds ratio, 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-5.49; P = .001). Conclusions BF had higher early graft failure and LOS compared with WM. WF and BM also had increased LOS compared with WM. Race-gender stratification may predict outcomes in patients undergoing LEB procedures that may not be predicted by gender or race alone. Further studies using this stratification methodology may provide better insight into optimal therapeutic strategies and preventative measures for these patient subgroups. Investigation into causes of increased LOS in black patients and increased graft failure in BF may help improve outcomes.
TRAF6, a molecular bridge spanning adaptive immunity, innate immunity and osteoimmunology.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a crucial signaling molecule regulating a diverse array of physiological processes, including adaptive immunity, innate immunity, bone metabolism and the development of several tissues including lymph nodes, mammary glands, skin and the central nervous system. It is a member of a group of six closely related TRAF proteins, which serve as adapter molecules, coupling the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily to intracellular signaling events. Among the TRAF proteins, TRAF6 is unique in that, in addition to mediating TNFR family signaling, it is also essential for signaling downstream of an unrelated family of receptors, the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. Gene targeting experiments have identified several indispensable physiological functions of TRAF6, and structural and biochemical studies have revealed the potential mechanisms of its action. By virtue of its many signaling roles, TRAF6 represents an important target in the regulation of many disease processes, including immunity, inflammation and osteoporosis.
Electromagnetic Fields in Complementary and Self-Complementary Structures

Electromagnetic fields are analyzed in complementary and self-complementary structures. As is well known, Maxwell's equations exhibit a complementary (duality) symmetry between the electric and magnetic fields. Self-complementary field solutions (when these exist) on self-complementary structures have particular properties of constant impedance (resistance) associated with certain pure traveling wave fields. The contribution of this paper is that it rigorously treats the electromagnetic field in a self-complementary waveguide. It shows a self-complementary field solution is a pure traveling wave. A particular waveguide structure is selected that illustrates circumstances when a self-complementary field solution fails to exist in a self-complementary structure. A computer model was developed to analyze a family of waveguide structures that differ only in an aspect ratio parameter, an aspect ratio of 1.0 corresponding to the self-complementary case. The original structures and the corresponding complementary structures are analyzed independently. Results are presented for a wide range of frequencies and aspect ratios. At low frequencies, when only one TEM mode propagates, field solutions for the input TEM mode exhibit discontinuous behavior as the aspect ratio approaches one from above and below. In this frequency range, no time harmonic self-complementary field solution exists for the precisely self-complementary waveguide structure.
Improving interprofessional collaboration: Evaluation of implicit attitudes in the surgeon–nurse relationship☆

Abstract Background : Optimizing the surgeon–nurse relationship to improve interprofessional communication is increasingly recognized as an essential component of patient care. The increasing number of women surgeons has altered the surgeon-nurse dynamic, which has traditionally been a male–female relationship. In particular, this shift has raised the issue of whether implicit perceptions regarding gender and demeanor influence the interactions between surgeons and nurses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand nurses' implicit perceptions of surgeons, with a particular focus on gender and gender-normative demeanor. We defined two types of demeanor: communal, which is classically associated with women and includes being supportive and nurturing, and agentic, which is a male-associated trait that includes being direct and assertive. Methods : We administered surveys to 1701 nurses at the main campus of our institution. Each survey had one of eight possible scenarios; all began with a short description of a surgeon who was described as accomplished and well-trained, then varied by surgeon gender (male/female), surgeon demeanor (agentic/communal) and type of surgery (breast cancer/lung cancer). Using a 0 to 5 scale, respondents rated their perception of the surgeon through five questions. These five items were averaged to create a composite perception score scaled from 0 to 5. Results : We received 493 surveys. The overall average perception score was 3.8 ± 0.99. Respondents had a statistically significant preference for the communal surgeon (4.1 ± 0.91) versus the agentic surgeon (3.6 ± 1.0, p Conclusion : Nurses demonstrated a significant preference for communal surgeons, regardless of surgeon gender.
Modeling of AlGaN/GaN HEMT based stress sensors

GaN based devices show great potential for high power, high frequency and extreme-environment applications. Due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization properties, these devices are also suitable for pressure monitoring or detection of biomolecules causing surface stress. Therefore, GaN based monolithic sensor system can be applied for the detection of biomolecules or pressure imaging for biomedical applications, sensor data processing and transmission of the sensor data even in extreme environmental conditions. This paper investigates the analytical performance of GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device for the induced strain due to external pressure and surface stress. Analytical expressions for the conductance-stress behavior of the sensor have been developed. The change in two-dimensional electron gas density at the heterointerface of AlGaN/GaN layers resulting from the change in polarizations causes change in the output current of the device. The effects of both the tensile and the compressive strains due to the external force have been studied. This model can be effectively applied to the measurement of target force and to the detection of polar or nonpolar biomolecules.
The Material Production of the Spiral Jetty: A Study of Culture in the Making

The objective of this article is to open the 'black box' of artistic production in order to describe, in minute detail, culture in the making, that is, the process through which cultural forms grow into being and are materially accomplished. I will do so through the study of the morphogenetic process through which the Spiral Jetty, an earthwork sculpture created by the American artist Robert Smithson, came into being. This study will show that artistic production constitutes an irreducible form of material practice which cannot be adequately understood as an individual activity or as an activity guided or constrained by 'external' social factors. As I shall argue, the attention to the material practice of artistic production reveals a much needed insight into the practices, materials and processes through which culture is actually produced and materially accomplished.
Pigeon Paramyxovirus: Association with Common Avian Pathogens in Chickens and Serologic Survey in Wild Birds

Abstract Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) was isolated from pigeons from east-central Alabama and used in association with chicken anemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), or finch Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess clinical disease and pathology. PPMV-1 infection in all groups was conducted at day 10 of age via the ocular route. The low passage PPMV-1 isolate was inoculated into chickens in different groups at 10 days post–CAV infection, 6 days post–IBDV infection, and 6 days post–finch MG infection, respectively. Additionally, to obtain information on the status of paramyxovirus infection in the wild bird population of the region, we used a multispecies competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to assess serum samples from 180 wild birds representing 24 species obtained throughout 2001. Mild respiratory signs characterized by sneezing were observed in PPMV-1–infected chicks. In the brain, PPMV-1 caused disseminated vasculitis in the neuro...
Bottleneck Phenomena and Cyclical Change: The Role of the Iron and Steel Industry

I. Introduction, 437. — II. Possible leverage role of the steel industry, 439. — III. Bottleneck phenomena, 448. — IV. Bottlenecks and formulation of counter-cyclical policy, 456.
Time Evolution of Global Quantum Discord in Three Coupled Quantum Dots interacting with a Quantized Cavity Field

Evolution of Global Quantum Discord for three-coupled quantum dots interacting with a quantized light field in a lossless cavity is studied and its correlations with probabilities of the dots in the entangled states are explored.
The Right to Health Care in a Capitalistic Democracy

Although many societies proclaim the equal worth of all persons and back that proclamation with guarantees of equal justice and rights, large economic disparities persist between individuals and across nations. Twelve percent of the gross national product and over $2,000 per person is spent annually for health care in the United States. Physicians have doubled their incomes since 1973. Yet the poor and uninsured often cannot afford minimally adequate health care. Many of us are therefore perplexed, or at least confused, about the right to health care and about our obligations to insure access to or funding for some level of care for all persons.
Moment convergence in a class of singularly perturbed stochastic differential equations

We consider a class of singularly perturbed stochastic differential equations with linear drift and nonlinear diffusion terms. We obtain a reduced-order model that approximates the slow variable dynamics of the original system when the singular perturbation parameter e is small. In our previous work, it was shown that, on a finite time interval, the first and the second moments of the slow variable dynamics of the original system are within an O(e)-neighborhood of the first and the second moments of the reduced-order system. In this paper, we extend this result to show that all moments of the slow variable dynamics of the original system are within an O(e)-neighborhood of the moments of the reduced-order system. We illustrate the application of this approach on a biomolecular system modeled by the chemical Langevin equation.
Looking for Frogs in the Narrative Stream: Global and Local Relations in Maternal Narratives

AbstractIn this study, we compared storytelling of a pictured narrative, Frog, Where Are You?, by 6 Deaf and 6 hearing mothers in American Sign Language (ASL) and in English, respectively. How do these mothers construct their stories, that is, how do they mark episodes? And how do English-speakers' strategies differ from ASL-users' strategies? We found that stories in ASL contained more explicit markers to signal both local and global relations of the narrative. Because of modality and grammatical differences between English and ASL, Deaf mothers seemed to have more strategies available to use. Although the overall pattern of use throughout the story was similar, Deaf mothers appeared to be more "dramatic" in their storytelling than were hearing mothers. Both groups of parents used a variety of markers to call their children's attention to the theme of the story. (Psychology)
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE LABRID FISH GENUS CIRRHILABRUS FROM THE RED SEA

ABSTRACT Cirrhilabrus blatteus and Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis, new species, are described from the northwestern Red Sea, Gulf of Elat (= Gulf of 'Aqaba). C. blatteus, the largest species of the genus (up to at least 114 mm SL), is distinctive in color, particularly the purple of its bones, which persists in preservative, and in the biserial pairing of some of the suborbital pores. C. rubriventralis differs from all known species of the genus in having a single row of scales on its cheek, as well as a marked prolongation of the interspinous membranes at the anterior end of the dorsal fin of males.
Changing Economy Changing Lives: Unemployment Insurance and the Contingent Workforce

The U.S. unemployment insurance system was created to address both an economy and a workforce with differing characteristics than our current ones. Accompanying the economic and demographic transformations, we have seen a steady decline in the percentage of unemployed workers receiving unemployment insurance benefits. In this article, I identify a range of legal issues and advocacy opportunities that arise from these changes.The economy has undergone a major transformation away from the assumption of job stability contemplated by those who designed the nation’s unemployment insurance system. This transformation includes a shift from manufacturing jobs to service jobs and accompanying decline in unionization; an increasing gap between high-paying jobs for highly skilled and educated workers and low-skilled, low-paying unskilled ones, marked by a decrease in the real value of the minimum wage, and a rising differential between average wages and executive salaries; and a trend away from job security and long-term employment toward increased reliance on contract, temporary, and part-time workers. Since the unemployment compensation system was enacted, women have entered the workforce in large numbers, the racial and ethnic diversity of the workforce has increased, and formal exclusions from employment have been removed. Women and workers of color are disproportionately found among service, part-time and temporary workers, however, and the system as originally designed did not address the needs of “non-standard” workers.
New Southwestern Buprestidae and Cerambycidae

Robust, elongate, surface above and below bronze, above moderately pubescent, clothed with flattened white scales, each elytron with six small, irregular yellow markings, beneath densely clothed with flattened white scales.
Understanding Differences in the Performance of Laboratory Scale PEMFCs: I. The Effect of Active-Area

The ability to compare, analyze, and interpret laboratory-scale experimental data for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is often limited by differences in the performance between 25 cm2 and 50 cm2 active area cells. The present study includes the material of gas diffusion layers (GDL), their compression pressure, and the operating conditions to quantify and understand the effect of these factors on the performance of PEMFCs with different active area of electrodes. The experimental data show that under the same compression the internal compression pressure is higher for smaller cells compared to larger cells. Typically one assumes by increasing the compression pressure that the contact resistance is decreased and better performance is obtained. However, further increase of compression may cause mass transfer resistance inside of GDL due to the change of physical properties including pore size distribution.
A Lower Bounding Linear Programming approach to the Perimeter Patrol Stochastic Control Problem.

One encounters the curse of dimensionality in the application of dynamic programming to determine optimal policies for large scale controlled Markov chains. In this article, we consider a perimeter patrol stochastic optimal control problem. To determine the optimal control policy, one has to solve a Markov decision problem, whose large size renders exact dynamic programming methods intractable. So, we propose a state aggregation based approximate linear programming method to construct provably good sub-optimal policies instead. The state-space is partitioned and the optimal cost-to-go or value function is restricted to be a constant over each partition. We show that the resulting restricted system of linear inequalities embeds a family of Markov chains of lower dimension, one of which can be used to construct a tight lower bound on the optimal value function. In general, the construction of the lower bound requires the solution to a combinatorial problem. But the perimeter patrol problem exhibits a special structure that enables tractable linear programming formulation for the lower bound. We demonstrate this and also provide numerical results that corroborate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Plato's use of three dramatic elements in Gorgias as means to demonstrate his thought

An analysis of the dialogue Gorgias in terms of setting, characters, and conflict of ideas illumines Plato's purpose of presenting Ms view of the good life. The purpose of the dialogue is not fundamentally dramatic but didactic; yet the dialogue form presents the truth in dynamic fashion.
The Object Oriented Programming Perspective

One area that deals with objects and the concept of reuse is that of object oriented programming (OOP). OOP is a departure from the standard programming paradigm and constructs in that OOP generates entities called objects that each possess their own descriptive data which dictates its state as well as procedures called methods that dictate their behavior. Additionally, objects of the same type are grouped into a structure known as a class. Finally, there are the concepts of polymorphism and inheritance. Polymorphism is the capability to request that a given set of operations be performed by a wide range of different objects. Inheritance is the capability to create a new class of objects from an existing class whose characteristics are replicated in the new class.
Spectator 79 and The Rape of the Lock: Addison and Pope on Vanity

(1988). Spectator 79 and The Rape of the Lock: Addison and Pope on Vanity. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 53-55.
Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the orbit.

Purpose:To report a case of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the orbit. Observations:An adult patient was referred for evaluation of an orbital mass. Histopathology of the orbital biopsy indicated a carcinoma with hepatoid features. Laboratory studies revealed normal liver function tests, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein, and whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed no evidence of liver involvement or an alternative primary origin. Conclusions and importance:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the orbit.
Validating the Technology Proficiency Self-Assessment Questionnaire for 21st Century Learning (TPSA C-21).

Accurately measuring levels of technology proficiency in current and future classroom teachers are an important first step toward enhancing comfort level and confidence in integrating technology in...
The Reemergence of EEG Reactivity After Cardiac Arrest.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) reactivity has been increasingly utilized in prognostication after cardiac arrest. Recent studies have demonstrated a false-positive rate of 0% in predicting poor outcome...
Open label study to assess the safety of VM202 in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AbstractObjective: To assess safety and define efficacy measures of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) DNA plasmid, VM202, administered by intramuscular injections in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods: Eighteen participants were treated with VM202 administered in divided doses by injections alternating between the upper and lower limbs on d 0, 7, 14, and 21. Subjects were followed for nine months to evaluate possible adverse events. Functional outcome was assessed using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) as well as by serially measuring muscle strength, muscle circumference, and forced vital capacity.Results: Seventeen of 18 participants completed the study. All participants tolerated 64 mg of VM202 well with no serious adverse events (SAE) related to the drug. Twelve participants reported 26 mild or moderate injection site reactions. Three participants experienced five SAEs unrelated to VM202. One subject died from respiratory insufficiency secondary to ALS progression...