cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomistic molecular modeling of the effect of chromophore concentration on the electro-optic coefficient in nonlinear optical polymers.

We employ fully atomistic molecular modeling to investigate the concentration dependence of the electro-optic coefficient of two guest-host polymer composites. Using classical molecular dynamics, we record the time-evolution of the guest-host system under the application of an external electric field. Through analysis of the orientation of the nonlinear optical chromophores in the guest-host composite with respect to the direction of the external electric field, we calculate the orientational parameter N , with N being the number density of chromophores in the composite. This parameter is directly proportional to the electro-optic coefficient. We find agreement between the concentration dependence of the electro-optic coefficient calculated through our simulation and that from experimental data and also from Monte Carlo models.
Crystal structure studies of tetragonal sodium tungsten bronzes, NaxWO3. I. Na0.33WO3 and Na0.48WO3

Abstract The crystal structures of two sodium tungsten bronzes, Na0.33WO3 and Na0.48WO3, have been determined by three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray analysis. They were found to crystallize in the tetragonal space groups P 4 ¯ 2 1 m ( a = 12.097 , c = 3.754 A , Z = 10 ) and P4/mbm (a = 12.150,c = 3.769A, Z = 10), respectively. The structures were solved by standard Patterson and Fourier techniques and refined by full-matrix least-squares to final conventional discrepancy indices of 8.9% for Na0.33WO3 and 8.4% for Na0.48WO3. In general, the oxygen atoms were found to be either twofold or fourfold disordered, suggesting that the WO6 octahedra do not have axes exactly aligned parallel to the crystallographicc-axis. The structure found can be viewed as a composite of two kinds of domain structures. These domain structures would require a doubling of thec-axis along with selection of newa- andb-axes along the [1 1 0] and [ [ 1 ¯ 10 ] ] directions. There exist pentagonal and tetragonal sites in both these sodium tungsten bronzes for sodium atoms occupancy. In Na xWO3, x = 0.48, all the pentagonal sites are filled and 40% of the smaller tetragonal sites are also occupied. As x decreases to 0.33 though, only the pentagonal sites are occupied. A relation between the x value and the Na xWO3 crystal structures is postulated, extrapolating from the results found in these structure determinations.
ORIGIN-SPECIFIC VISITOR DEMAND FORECASTING AT HONOLULU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

The development of a PC-based and easy-to-use-and-update econometric model system for forecasting arrivals at the Honolulu International Airport is presented. A model system instead of a single model was designed so that differential growth rates from various origins as well as arrivals affected by curfews at the origin or the destination, or both, can be estimated. The airport system of the state facilitates the only mode of transportation into and out of Hawaii. Planning based on reliable demand forecasts is therefore essential. Separate models of arrivals from Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Germany, Korea, and the United Kingdom were specified and estimated using the Cochrane-Orcutt regression method. Several diagnostic tests were employed to arrive at the final models, as problems of correlation (over time) and collinearity (among variables) were present. Independent variables include the gross domestic product, population, monetary exchange rate, and unemployment rate of the origin countries. His...
War and Society: The United States, 1941-1945

A discussion of the radical alteration of the character of American society caused by World War II. The war redefined the relationship of government to the individual and of individuals to each other, and it posed questions about the relationship between civilians and the military, between liberty and security, between special interests and national purpose.
Mathematical models for the drying of rigid porous materials

This paper presents a resume of literature on theories and mathematical models for drying of rigid porous materials. Key work on drying by soil physicists has been neglected in the engineering drying literature. We have included these works here to bring this literature to the attention of engineers. A new and general model for moisture and energy transport in rigid porous media during drying is presented. It is demonstrated that under certain simplifying assumptions, the general model reduces to less general models which have previously been proposed. Experimental and simulation results are given for the drying of Valentine sand. Under the drying conditions studied, the drying rate during the falling rate period is controlled by the capillary flow of water to an evaporation zone in the porous media. The models simulated here are of varying complexity and rigor. The capabilities and limitations of these models are discussed. On presente dans ce travail un resume des publications relatives aux theories et aux modeles mathematiques sur le sechage des materiaux poreux et rigides. On a neglige de tenir compte, dans les publications technologiques sur le sechage, des travaux de prime importance executes par les physiciens specialises dans les sols; nous incluons ici ces travaux pour que les ingenieurs en soient mis au courant. On presente un modele nouveau et general pour le transport, durant le sechage, de l'humidite et de l'energie; on demontre qu'en faisant certaines suppositions de simplification, le modele general se transforme en des modeles moins generaux qui out deja ete proposes. On presente les resultats des experiences et de la simulation dans le cas du sechage du sable Valentine. Dans les conditions de sechage etudiees, le taux de sechage durant la periode decroissante de celui-ci est regi par le mouvement capillaire de l'eau vers une zone d'evaporation dans les milieux poreux. Les modeles qu'on a simules ont une complexite et une precision variables; on en discute les possibilites et les limitations.
Grief Experiences of Women in Prison following the Death of a Loved One

One of the most important issues that an individual confronts during one's life is the death of a significant person. Given the contextual nature of grief, incarcerated women are faced with unique ...
Integration of low level and ontology derived features for automatic weapon recognition and identification

This paper presents a further step of a research toward the development of a quick and accurate weapons identification methodology and system. A basic stage of this methodology is the automatic acquisition and updating of weapons ontology as a source of deriving high level weapons information. The present paper outlines the main ideas used to approach the goal. In the next stage, a clustering approach is suggested on the base of hierarchy of concepts. An inherent slot of every node of the proposed ontology is a low level features vector (LLFV), which facilitates the search through the ontology. Part of the LLFV is the information about the object's parts. To partition an object a new approach is presented capable of defining the objects concavities used to mark the end points of weapon parts, considered as convexities. Further an existing matching approach is optimized to determine whether an ontological object matches the objects from an input image. Objects from derived ontological clusters will be considered for the matching process. Image resizing is studied and applied to decrease the runtime of the matching approach and investigate its rotational and scaling invariance. Set of experiments are preformed to validate the theoretical concepts.
Corrigendum to “Stable homotopy classification of BGp∧” [Topology 34 (1995) 633–649]

Abstract In this note we correct one argument in the proof of Theorem 1.1 of our paper Martino and Priddy (1995) [1] , given as Theorem 1 below. Let G , G ′ be finite groups and p be a prime number. The goal is to give necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions on the p -subgroups of G and G ′ which determine if their p -completions B G p ∧ and B G p ′ ∧ are stably homotopy equivalent.
Two examples of ill-posedness with respect to small time delays in stabilized elastic systems

Two examples of elastic control systems that are uniformly stabilized by feedback controls on their boundaries, for which divergence rates can be obtained when small time delays are introduced into their feedbacks, are presented. >
EMIT-d.a.u. monoclonal amphetamine/methamphetamine assay. II. Detection of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

The cross-reactivity, stereoselectivity and clinical performance of the EMIT-d.a.u. monoclonal amphetamine/methamphetamine immunoassay (EM) for the detection of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in urine was evaluated. The cut-off concentrations of racemic MDA and MDMA were found to be approximately 800 ng/ml and 3000 ng/ml, respectively. The EM assay demonstrated a high selectivity for the S(+) isomer of both MDA and MDMA. Urines collected over a 24-h period from rats administered 20 mg i.v. racemic MDMA were all positive when analyzed by the EM assay. The EM was found vastly superior to the EMIT d.a.u. polyclonal amphetamine/methamphetamine assay for the detection of MDA and MDMA. The EM assay displayed sufficient sensitivity for detection of these drugs following clinical intoxication.
Monolithic CMOS pixel detector for international linear collider vertex detection

A monolithic CMS pixel detector is under development for an ILC experiment. This chronopixel array provides a time stamp resolution of one bunch crossing, a critical feature for background suppression. The status of this effort is summarized.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS II. ELIMINATION OF THE VIRUS

Studies on the elimination of virus in human paralytic poliomyelitis during the first 2 weeks of the disease, revealed the following:— 1. The nasal (not nasopharyngeal) secretions collected from 22 patients on cotton plugs over a period of 3 days and the saliva and oral secretions expectorated during a similar period by 20 patients failed to yield virus. 2. In 10 of the patients whose secretions (nasal, oral, or both) were investigated, virus was isolated from single specimens of the lower intestinal contents. 3. No virus was found in large amounts of urine (up to 200 cc.) obtained from 12 patients, 6 of whom had paralysis of the bladder. 4. In the present tests virus was found 4 times more often in the stools of patients under 8 years of age (64 per cent of 11 cases) than in older individuals (17 per cent of 12 cases). This difference was found to obtain when our data were combined with those which could justifiably be selected from the literature, the total figures indicating that virus has been isolated from 50 per cent of 58 children under 8 years of age and from 12 per cent of 60 older individuals. 5. No support was found for the hypothesis that poliomyelitis virus in the stools originates from swallowed nasal secretions and saliva or oral secretions.
Promoting the Parity Product

Articles on the social and economic aspects of advertising often have as their purpose either the exoneration or the condemnation of advertising. Businessmen tend to read the pro-advertising material and consumer advocates tend to read the anti-advertising material. As a result there is too little understanding of the other point of view by each side. This paper will be an attempt to walk the fine line between exoneration and condemnation and will involve a different approach. It will pose a problem faced by an increasing number of national advertisers to an audience consisting largely of persons interested in consumer affairs instead of advertiser affairs. In other words, it will ask the readers of The Journal of Consumer Affairs to participate in a form of role playing, the purpose of which is to focus on a significant advertising problem that affects consumers as well as businessmen. The problem can be stated in the form of a question: How can a national advertiser promote a parity product in an informative, straightforward way? Before examining the question, let me define parity product as I will use it in this paper. The term will designate a brand that in unidentified form is physically or functionally similar, if not identical, to one or more other brands. In short, it is a product without a significant intrinsic difference, one for which there are virtually identical substitutes. Promoting such a product profitably and lawfully is a common occurrence, but one could argue convinc ingly that promoting one informatively and straightforwardly is a rarity. Lewis A. Engman, former chairman of the Federal Trade Com mission, ended an address by asking a similar question and urging its consideration :
The development of an array of cooled large area Si(Li) detectors

Abstract A system containing six cooled, 34 mm diameter by 7 mm thick, high-resolution Si(Li) detectors designed to maximize the sensitivity for counting X-rays in the 10–30 keV range to measure trace radionuclides in soil samples has been successfully fabricated. The detectors were mounted in a paddle-shaped cryostat with a single large beryllium window on each side. This configuration provides for efficient anticoincidence background suppression and effectively doubles the sensitive detector area because X-rays can impinge on the detectors from both sides. To maximize detection efficiency, the thickness of the cryostat was held to a bare minimum (25 mm); this caused severe difficulties during fabrication of the system. Cutting down the rim of the detectors reduced to an acceptable level the microphony caused by movement of the beryllium window that faces the lithium-diffused contact of the detectors. Since this system will be used for low level counting, careful testing was performed to select materials having the lowest radioactivity.
A rapid and general method for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines using tert-butanesulfinamide

A new method for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines in three steps from commercially available starting materials is described. Addition of the Grignard reagent prepared from 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane to N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines proceeds in high yields and with good diastereoselectivities. The sulfinamide products are then cleanly converted into pyrrolidines in one step.
Eurozone Crisis and Its Solutions: Some Thoughts about Parallel Currency Regime

European crisis arrived at the crossroad. The preservation of the Eurozone in its current shape and scale implies economic changes which are increasingly resented by nations on the Mediterranean littoral – those most affected by the crisis. Alternative policies of monetary and fiscal expansion threaten the EU members north of Alps by both devastating inflation and, given their demographics, the social justice and wellbeing. However, the restructuring of the Eurozone implies short to medium term undesirable consequences. This paper suggests that the introduction of the parallel currency alongside the Euro in most affected counties may be a solution which preserves the current scope and scale of the Eurozone, mitigates the impact of “southern” adjustment and reduces the Eurozone-wide impact of needed financial restructuring.
Comment on “Correlation between future and past photon events” by A. Widom et al.

Abstract Widom, Srivastava, and Sassaroli [Phys. Lett. A 203 (1995) 255] have published a calculation which purports to show that “future events can effect present events”. In this note an error in their calculation is identified.
N-CAM mutation inhibits tangential neuronal migration and is phenocopied by enzymatic removal of polysialic acid

The mutation of N-CAM in mice produces a phenotype dominated by an undersized olfactory bulb and accumulation of precursors in the subependymal layer. We demonstrate here that this defect can be duplicated by injection of an enzyme that specifically destroys the polysialic acid (PSA) moiety associated with N-CAM. Studies of BrdU-labeled and pyknotic cells suggest that this defect reflects a decrease in the rostral migration of olfactory precursors and not a change in the proliferation or rate of death of these cells. In addition to their ectopic location, these cells had fewer growth cone-like processes oriented along the migration route. In contrast to tangential movement, radial migration of granule cells in the olfactory bulb was not affected by loss of PSA. These results support the proposed role for PSA in cell translocation, discriminate between different mechanisms of cell migration, and provide insight as to the nature of the N-CAM mutant phenotype.
Complete Resolution of Inflammatory Activity Following Corticosteroid Treatment of HBsAg‐Negative Chronic Active Hepatitis

To assess the frequency and significance of complete resolution of inflammatory activity following corticosteroid therapy, 115 patients with severe HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis were followed regularly for 84 +/- 5 months. Of 83 patients eligible to revert to normal liver tissue, 18 did so after 56 +/- 8 months. Five of the 18 relapsed after treatment withdrawal. Only patients who improved spontaneously after cessation of treatment from histologic features of chronic persistent hepatitis to normal invariably sustained the improvement. Of 32 patients with cirrhosis at presentation, 17 reverted to inactive cirrhosis after 48 +/- 10 months, but only 3 remained inactive after discontinuation of treatment. Mortality was similar in patients with and without reversion to normal tissue (0 vs. 14%, p greater than 0.2), but the frequency of relapse was less after complete resolution (28 vs. 76%, p less than 0.001). Reversion to inactive cirrhosis did not improve survival or reduce relapse frequency after remission and treatment withdrawal. Findings prior to therapy did not predict outcome. We conclude that complete resolution of inflammatory activity is possible, but that it occurs slowly, infrequently and unpredictably after therapy. In patients without cirrhosis, reversion to normal liver tissue decreases the likelihood of relapse and the requirement for retreatment. In patients with cirrhosis at presentation, elimination of inflammatory activity is rarely sustained and does not improve prognosis after remission and treatment withdrawal.
T-Wave Alternans and the Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias

T-wave alternans (TWA) reflects beat-to-beat fluctuations in the electrocardiographic T-wave, and is associated with dispersion of repolarization and the mechanisms for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This review examines the bench-to-bedside literature that, over decades, has linked alternans of repolarization in cellular, whole-heart, and human studies with spatial dispersion of repolarization, alternans of cellular action potential, and fluctuations in ionic currents that may lead to ventricular arrhythmias. Collectively, these studies provide a foundation for the clinical use of TWA to reflect susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in several disease states. This review then provides a contemporary evidence-based framework for the use of TWA to enhance risk stratification for SCA, identifying populations for whom TWA is best established, those for whom further studies are required, and areas for additional investigation.
Why do People Disagree? Explaining and Endorsing the Possibility of Partiality in Judgments

The current study examines developing changes in children's intuitions about why disagreements about decisions might occur, focusing on what children understand about partiality and how it may vary depending on the context. Eighty children ages 6 to 13 years old and 20 adults were presented with stories in which there was a disagreement with the judge about who the winner of a contest should be. Participants were asked to generate their own explanations for why the disagreement may have occurred and to evaluate the plausibility of different explanations provided by the experimenter. Even 6-year-olds generated and endorsed partiality as a possible explanation for disagreement, although they did so at a lower rate than older children. A richer understanding of how context influences both the reasons for disagreement and the likelihood of partiality seems to develop over childhood.
On the Radius of Certain Classical Localized Solutions

In a p r e v i o u s l e t t e r (1) we p r o v e d t h e ex i s t ence of a m i n i m a l r a d i u s for some scalar local ized so lu t ions . Now we p r o v e t h e s a m e for t h e s t a t i o n a r y loca l ized so lu t ions corr e s p o n d i n g to t h e Di rae a n d scalar f ields i n t e r a c t i n g w i t h t h e e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c field. The coupl ing b e t w e e n t h e s e fields l eads to a n o n l i n e a r i t y in t h e field equa t ions , pe rmi t t i ng t h e ex i s t ence of s t a t i o n a r y a n d sphe r i ca l ly s y m m e t r i c so lu t ions , w h i c h can be used as r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s of e x t e n d e d par t ic les . I n sca lar a n d e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c f ields t h e L a g r a n g i a n dens i t y is
Frequency offset correction in speech without detecting pitch

Radio-transmitted speech sometimes contains a residual frequency shift or offset, resulting from incorrect demodulation in single-sideband channels. Frequency-shifted speech can mask speaker identity and reduce intelligibility. Therefore, frequency offset will degrade the performance of downstream speech technologies. Existing offset correction methods require a pitch estimate of the speech signal, which is difficult in noisy radio channels. We present a new, automatic algorithm for detecting and correcting frequency offset, based on third-order modulation spectral analysis. Our method is remarkably simple and does not require pitch estimation. We provide derivations, examples, and a pilot study demonstrating how offset correction improves speaker verification for radio-transmitted speech.
Annealing and Measurement Temperature Dependence of W2B- and W2B5-Based Rectifying Contacts to p-GaN

Schottky contact formation on p-GaN using W2B/Pt/Au and W2B5/Pt/Au metallization schemes was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), current-voltage (I-V), and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. The Schottky barrier height (SBH) determined from XPS is 2.71 eV and 2.87 eV for as-deposited W2B- and W2B5-based contacts, respectively. By comparison, fitting of the I-V curves using the thermionic field emission model gives unphysical SBHs > 4 eV due to the presence of an interfacial layer acting as an additional barrier to carrier transport. Upon annealing to ∼600–700°C, the diodes show slight deterioration in rectifying behavior due to the onset of metallurgical reactions with the GaN. The experimental dependence of the reverse leakage current on bias and measurement temperature is inconsistent with both thermionic emission and thermionic field emission models, suggesting that leakage must originate from other mechanisms such as surface leakage or generation in the depletion layer through deep-level defects.
Influence of Weaning Method on Growth, Intake, and Selected Blood Metabolites in Jersey Calves

Forty-three Jersey calves were assigned randomly at birth to treatments that evaluated the method of weaning on growth, intake, and concentrations of blood metabolites that were indicative of ruminal development. The three experimental treatments were 1) milk replacer fed at 10% of BW until abrupt weaning at 35 d of age, 2) milk replacer fed at 10% of BW until 28 d and then at 5% of BW until weaning at 35 d of age, or 3) milk replacer fed at 10% of BW until intake of calf starter reached 454 g/d for 2 consecutive d, at which time calves were weaned. Commercial milk replacer was reconstituted to 12.5% DM and fed twice daily. Commercial calf starter was offered from 3 d of age. When milk replacer was fed at 5% of BW from 29 to 35 d, BW gain was reduced compared with that of calves on the other treatments; however, BW at 56 d was unaffected by treatment. Concentrations of NEFA and blood urea N were higher from 29 to 56 d than when calves were fed milk replacer at 5% of BW from 29 to 35 d. Blood BHBA increased as starter DMI increased and was unaffected by treatment. Intake of milk replacer and feed cost were greater for calves that were weaned when calf starter intake reached 454 g/d for 2 consecutive d. For calves that were weaned according to intake, mean age at weaning was 40 d.
Cross tolerance between morphine and the long-term analgesic reaction to inescapable shock ☆

Abstract Animals exposed to a variety of stressors display a temporary analgesic reaction. This short-term analgesic has been shown to be reversible by opiate antagonists and cross-tolerant with morphine following some stress conditions, but not following others. It has recently been shown that inescapable shock parameters which produce behavioral “learned helplessness” effects also produce a short-term analgesic reaction, and that this reaction can be re-aroused by a brief exposure to shock 24 hours later. Further, both the immediate and long-term antinociceptive reaction which follow shocks of this type have been shown to be reversible by opiate antagonists. Here it is shown that the long-term analgesic reaction is completely cross tolerant with morphine. Implications of these results for opioid mediation of learned helplessness and opioid versus nonopioid mediation of stress-induced analgesia are discussed.
Numerical Decomposition of the Solution Sets of Polynomial Systems into Irreducible Components

In engineering and applied mathematics, polynomial systems arise whose solution sets contain components of different dimensions and multiplicities. In this article we present algorithms, based on homotopy continuation, that compute much of the geometric information contained in the primary decomposition of the solution set. In particular, ignoring multiplicities, our algorithms lay out the decomposition of the set of solutions into irreducible components, by finding, at each dimension, generic points on each component. As by-products, the computation also determines the degree of each component and an upper bound on its multiplicity. The bound is sharp (i.e., equal to one) for reduced components. The algorithms make essential use of generic projection and interpolation, and can, if desired, describe each irreducible component precisely as the common zeroes of a finite number of polynomials.
A protein kinase assayable with intact cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract A protein kinase activity assayable with whole cells of the slime mold is described. This activity is largely lost if the cells are disrupted by sonication or freeze-thawing. The cation and pH requirements of the enzyme are described. Neither cAMP nor dibutyryl cAMP stimulate the activity under a variety of conditions. In addition, cells harvested from different periods in the growth cycle or from different stages in development yielded the same activity per cell and showed no cAMP or dibutyryl cAMP effect. With histone type II as the substrate, the product of the reaction was judged to be a phosphorylated serine or threonine by its lability in hot alkali and its stability to hot acid.
Biomedical spectral x-ray imaging; Promises and challenges

Imaging arrays with sub-millimeter detector pixels that count and allocate energy to each detected photon are now being introduced into biomedical computed tomography scanners. Consequently, bremsstrahlung x-ray can provide the advantages of simultaneous recording of multiple quasi-monochromatic x-ray images which can be used for identification of various materials within the image field. This capability increases the inherent contrast within biomedical CT images and also introduces the ability to use high atomic weight "foreign" elements (e.g., strontium) which are surrogates for "native" biological elements (e.g., calcium) to monitor tissue function (e.g., bone deposition). Challenges for this methodology include limited maximum fluence due to photon pile-up, charge-sharing between contiguous pixels and heterogeneous pixel characteristics due to manufacturing difficulties.
Comparison of three tumor markers—CA-125, lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA), and NB70K—In monitoring ovarian cancer

Abstract The monitoring value of three tumor markers—CA-125, lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA), and NB70K—alone and in combination has been studied in 152 patients with invasive, epithelial ovarian cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of CA-125 (90 and 92%, respectively) were superior to those of LSA (79 and 63%, respectively) and NB70K (76 and 74%, respectively). CA-125 by itself showed equal or higher sensitivity as well as higher specificity than in combinations with either LSA or NB70K. CA-125 predicted cancer at second-look in 87% of cases as did LSA and NB70K in 70 and 57%, respectively. In patients with negative second-look, CA-125 predicted the disease status in 93% as did LSA and NB70K in 54 and 63%, respectively. On the basis of these data, the value of simultaneous determination of LSA and NB70K, in addition to the clinically established CA-125, seems to be limited. This is due mainly to the lack of specificity of LSA and NB70K. However, the sensitivity and specificity of CA-125 in this study were in the upper reported range.
Dynamics of two-phase lipid vesicles: effects of mechanical properties on morphology evolution

Multicomponent lipid vesicles can exhibit phase separation of coexisting liquid phases with different mechanical properties, leading to the formation of complex phase morphologies and membrane shapes. We examine the phase separation and the corresponding morphological and geometric evolution in two-phase lipid membrane vesicles using a phase-field method. We investigate the effects of the phase fraction as well as the mechanical properties of each phase on the evolution of the system while conserving surface area and composition. We contrast results for a flexible membrane with those obtained for a fixed spherical geometry with no mechanical coupling. We find that the coupling of bending energy with composition results in slower coarsening and that the phase with spontaneous curvature more similar to the average curvature of the vesicle is favored to form bicontinuous morphologies.
Hypothermia following systematic and intracerebral injection of oxotremorine in the rat.

Abstract Intravenous administration of oxotremorine leads to marked hypothermia in the rat. The fall in core temperature can be reproduced by microinjection of oxotremorine into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic nuclei. The hypothermie response to intracerebral oxo-tremorine is blocked by prior intraperitoneal administration of atropine or trihexyphenidyl. Injection of carbachol into the anterior hypothalamus led to a fall in temperature of the same order as that produced by oxotremorine. It is concluded that the hypothermie action of oxotremorine is due to a direct effect on the thermoregulatory centers. These results also suggest that the effect of oxotremorine on body temperature is due to a muscarinic action of the drug.
Psychology as a natural science in the eighteenth century.

La psychologie, en tant que science naturelie, prend sa source dans la «physique» ou «philosophie naturelle» aristotelicienne de l’âme. C. Wolff a situe la psychologie sous le regime de la metaphysique; au meme niveau que la cosmologie. Les penseurs ecossais l’ont integree a la philosophie morale, mais ont distingue ses lois «physiques» des lois morales proprement dites (qui visent a regler la conduite). Plusieurs penseurs allemands ont cherche a la fonder comme branche autonome de la science naturelle empirique. En Grande-Bretagne et en France, les theoriciens de la vision ont developpe des theories de la perception de la grandeur et de la distance d’une grande precision mathematique; quelques-uns d’entre eux ont construit des instruments pour mettre a l’epreuve ces theories et mesurer des phenomenes tels que la duree des impressions visuelles. Ces investigateurs etaient pour la plupart des dualistes qui incluaient les phenomenes mentaux dans la nature.
Major rat brain membrane-associated and cytosolic enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases: comparison studies.

The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite. With the final hydroxylapatite column, the cytosol (S) and the membrane (M) enzymes could each be resolved into two peaks, one eluted with 0.05 M phosphate (SI, MI) and the other with 0.25 M phosphate (SII, MII). The overall purification, with Arg BNA as substrate, for the SI and MI was about 450-fold; for SII and MII, 1,200-fold. The yield for each enzyme was about 2%, the major protein integral units of the four enzymes are similar; they are single polypeptide chains with a molecular weight of 100,000 daltons. Their pH optimum, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to puromycin show that they are similar to lysosomal aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.-). The two forms of the cytosol and the membrane enzymes have slightly different kinetic constants. With the inhibitors, SII is more sensitive to proctolin, whereas MII is more sensitive to bestatin and Arg-Phe-Ala. Mn2+ activates SI on Met-enkephalin degradation, but inhibits SII, MI, and MII.
Seeing through the photoreceptor mosaic

Abstract It has long been thought that the foveal mosaic provides the anatomical basis for human visual resolution under optimal viewing conditions. Recent anatomical evidence shows that the foveal cone mosaic in the primate is a regular, triangular array of elements with only minor distortions. The sampling properties of such an array predict the existence of visible moire patterns, or aliasing, produced when very fine gratings are imaged on the retina. Recent psychophysical experiments confirm this prediction, and allow the spacing between cones to be measured in the living eye. The cone array in the peripheral retina, unlike the fovea, is sparse and irregular, and it feeds an even sparser ganglion cell array. These arrays provide a new challenge to establish the link between the organization of the retina and the psychophysical limits of visual resolution.
Polydimethylsiloxane as a Macromolecular Additive for Enhanced Performance of Molecular Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

The effect of the macromolecular additive, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), on the performance of solution processed molecular bulk heterojunction solar cells is investigated, and the addition of PDMS is shown to improve device power conversion efficiency by ∼70% and significantly reduce cell-to-cell variation, from a power conversion efficiency of 1.25 ± 0.37% with no PDMS to 2.16 ± 0.09% upon the addition of 0.1 mg/mL PDMS to the casting solution. The cells are based on a thiophene and isoindigo containing oligomer as the electron donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as the electron acceptor. PDMS is shown to have a strong influence on film morphology, with a significant decrease in film roughness and feature size observed. The morphology change leads to improved performance parameters, most notably an increase in the short circuit current density from 4.3 to 6.8 mA/cm2 upon addition of 0.1 mg/mL PDMS. The use of PDMS is of particular interest, as this additive appears frequently as...
A perceptual-defensive-recuperative model of fear and pain

A model of fear and pain is presented in which the two are assumed to activate totally different classes of behavior. Fear, produced by stimuli that are associated with painful events, results in defensive behavior and the inhibition of pain and pain-related behaviors. On the other hand, pain, produced by injurious stimulation, motivates recuperative behaviors that promote healing. In this model injurious stimulation, on the one hand, and the expectation of injurious stimulation, on the other hand, activate entirely different motivational systems which serve entirely different functions. The fear motivation system activates defensive behavior, such as freezing and flight from a frightening situation, and its function is to defend the animal against natural dangers, such as predation. A further effect of fear motivation is to organize the perception of environmental events so as to facilitate the perception of danger and safety. The pain motivation system activates recuperative behaviors, including resting and body-care responses, and its function is to promote the animal's recovery from injury. Pain motivation also selectively facilitates the perception of nociceptive stimulation. Since the two kinds of motivation serve different and competitive functions, it might be expected that they would interact through some kind of mutual inhibition. Recent research is described which indicates that this is the case. The most important connection is the inhibition of pain by fear; fear has the top priority. This inhibition appears to be mediated by an endogenous analgesic mechanism involving the endorphins. The model assumes that fear triggers the endorphin mechanism, thereby inhibiting pain motivation and recuperative behaviors that might compete with effective defensive behavior.
Modelling, analysis and testing of dissipative beam joints -experiments and data smoothing

The modelling, analysis and design of beam joints are important in the study of control and stabilization of modern large flexible space structures. In this paper we first briefly summarize our recent findings in the modelling of dissipative beam joints and their vibration eigenfrequency analysis. We then present beam joint experiments and the recorded data. We process the data by least square smoothing. The smoothed data shows strong consistency with the theoretical estimates. This in turn supports the correctness of our modelling as well as the accuracy of experimental measurements.
Middle-range technology: designing for social acceptability

Designers of groupware are perhaps more aware than others as to how difficult it is to introduce new and useful technologies if such technologies have the potential to significantly and directly impact behavioral and social mores and practices. In this piece, I propose that social acceptance and diffusion of technologies comes about only if they are targeted at what I call a middle-range (MR) of usage. An MR technology provides a set of functionalities for whom a great need is felt and its acceptance and use at this level (or range) leads to its adoption at "lower" and "higher" levels, i.e., contexts where the functionalities delivered are much less or much more than at the middle-level. Developers keen on bringing their products to the market could avoid much anguish by focusing their efforts on MR applications.
Genetic Analysis inToxoplasma:Gene Discovery with Expressed Sequence Tags and Rapid Mapping of Natural Polymorphisms

Abstract Genetic analysis of the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiihas undergone a rapid expansion in recent years. This is due to effort in a number of laboratories that have worked on the development of molecular genetic techniques. It is also due, however, to the natural biology of this system (including a well-described sexual cycle) that makes possible genetic mapping of the F1progeny from a cross. In this article, we present a detailed methodology for rapidly mapping natural polymorphisms between the ME49 and CEP strains for which extensive restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has already been performed. The example we present shows that the failure to detect expression of bradyzoite-specific surface antigens in the CEP strain under conditions that promote differentiationin vitrois not a result of a general failure to express such genes; instead, it is apparently due to antigenic polymorphism in the gene products concerned. This conclusion was reached rapidly and definitively by genetic mapping, whereas molecular approaches would have taken considerably longer. We also show how the recent effort to create an extensive database of expressed sequence tags for this parasite can promote the very rapid discovery of genes that reveal much about the biology ofToxoplasma.The example presented deals with the expression of a family of closely related surface antigens in the tachyzoite stage.
Transcript Abundance in Yeast Varies over Six Orders of Magnitude

In the current era of functional genomics, it is remarkable that the intracellular range of transcript abundance is largely unknown. For the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hybridization-based complexity analysis and SAGE analysis showed that the majority of yeast mRNAs are present at one or fewer copies per cell; however, neither method provides an accurate estimate of the full range of low abundance transcripts. Here we examine the range of intracellular transcript abundance in yeast using kinetically monitored, reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR (kRT-PCR). Steady-state transcript levels encoded by all 65 genes on the left arm of chromosome III and 185 transcription factor genes are quantitated. Abundant transcripts encoded by glycolytic genes, previously quantitated by kRT-PCR, are present at a few hundred copies per cell whereas genes encoding physiologically important transcription factors are expressed at levels as low as one-thousandth transcript per cell. Of the genes assessed, only the silent mating type loci, HML and HMR, are transcriptionally silent. The results show that transcript abundance in yeast varies over six orders of magnitude. Finally, kRT-PCR, cDNA microarray, and high density oligonucleotide array assays are compared for their ability to detect and quantitate the complete yeast transcriptome.
Immunoglobulins from the sera of immunologically activated persons with pairs of electrophoretic restricted bands show a greater tendency to aggregate than normal.

Abstract From in vitro data, it has been speculated that pairs of endogenous restricted bands migrating in close proximity in the gamma region upon high resolution serum electrophoresis (HRE) represent circulating immune complexes (CIC). Using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) method to separate CIC, we found a very high correlation between the presence of such band pairs and elevated levels of CIC (CHI2 = 25.7, p
A Comprehensive Plan for Library Support of Online and Extended Education

ABSTRACT Acknowledging Arizona State University's (ASU) long-term goal of 100,000 students in online degree programs and recognizing the 8 new 100% online undergraduate programs slated to come online in 2010, ASU Libraries is planning for the continued integration and relevance of the library to online students and programs. During the summer and fall of 2009, the ASU Libraries Task Force for Online and Extended Education met to develop the elements of a Comprehensive Plan for Library Support of Online Programs. The plan includes: (1) guiding principles for library support of online and extended education; (2) a needs assessment and environmental scan; and (3) a sustainable and scalable plan for library support of the online programs. This article discusses the process of developing the comprehensive plan.
Improved 0/1-interchange scheduling

Consideration is given to the problem of nonpreemptively scheduling a set ofN independent tasks to a system ofM identical processors, with the objective to minimize the overall finish time. It is proved that the 0/1-INTERCHANGE scheduling heuristic can be modified, without increasing its time complexity fromO(N logM), so that its worst-case performance bound is reduced from 2 to 4/3 times optimal.
Similarity solutions in buoyancy-controlled turbulent diffusion flame modeling (turbulent buoyant diffusion flame modeling)

This paper considers the applicability of different versions of the k-[epsilon] hypothesis of turbulence for flame modeling. Utilizing similarity solutions, the authors find that the k-[epsilon] hypothesis gives a finite radius for a weak axisymmetric plume above the heat source. The radius of this plume is defined as an eigenvalue of the boundary value problem with unknown boundary. Solving this problem with an adjusted set of parameters from the standard version of the k-[epsilon] hypothesis gives excellent agreement with experimental data for center line and radial profiles of the mean and turbulent quantities, and also for the radius of the plume and entrainment level. In contrast, the standard set of parameters, widely utilized in flame modeling, gives inaccurate predictions. Specifically, this set of parameters yields underestimates of the radius of the plume and the entrainment level. Since this same trend has been extensively observed in flame modeling, the authors conclude that the standard set of parameters for the k-[epsilon] hypothesis is inadequate, and that this is the main reason for the shortcomings of previous numerical models.
Chronic OVA allergen challenged Siglec-F deficient mice have increased mucus, remodeling, and epithelial Siglec-F ligands which are up-regulated by IL-4 and IL-13.

Background: In this study we examined the role of Siglec-F, a receptor highly expressed on eosinophils, in contributing to mucus expression, airway remodeling, and Siglec-F ligand expression utilizing Siglec-F deficient mice exposed to chronic allergen challenge. Methods: Wild type (WT) and Siglec-F deficient mice were sensitized and challenged chronically with OVA for one month. Levels of airway inflammation (eosinophils), Siglec-F ligand expresion and remodeling (mucus, fibrosis, smooth muscle thickness, extracellular matrix protein deposition) were assessed in lung sections by image analysis and immunohistology. Airway hyperreactivity to methacholine was assessed in intubated and ventilated mice. Results: Siglec-F deficient mice challenged with OVA for one month had significantly increased numbers of BAL and peribronchial eosinophils compared to WT mice which was associated with a significant increase in mucus expression as assessed by the number of periodic acid Schiff positive airway epithelial cells. In addition, OVA challenged Siglec-F deficient mice had significantly increased levels of peribronchial fibrosis (total lung collagen, area of peribronchial trichrome staining), as well as increased numbers of peribronchial TGF-b1+ cells, and increased levels of expression of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin compared to OVA challenged WT mice. Lung sections immunostained with a Siglec-Fc to detect Siglec-F ligand expression demonstrated higher levels of expression of the Siglec-F ligand in the peribronchial region in OVA challenged Siglec-F deficient mice compared to WT mice. WT and Siglec-F deficient mice challenged intranasally with IL-4 or IL-13 had significantly increased levels of airway epithelial Siglec-F ligand expression, whereas this was not observed in WT or Siglec-F deficient mice challenged with TNF-a. There was a significant increase in the thickness of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer in OVA challenged Siglec-F deficient mice, but this was not associated with significant increased airway hyperreactivity compared to WT mice. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates an important role for Siglec-F in modulating levels of chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation, peribronchial fibrosis, thickness of the smooth muscle layer, mucus expression, fibronectin, and levels of peribronchial Siglec-F ligands suggesting that Siglec-F may normally function to limit levels of chronic eosinophilic inflammation and remodeling. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 are important regulators of Siglec-F ligand expression by airway epithelium.