cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transpapillary drug delivery to the breast.

The study was aimed at investigating localized topical drug delivery to the breast via mammary papilla (nipple). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and estradiol (EST) were used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds respectively. Porcine and human nipple were used for in-vitro penetration studies. The removal of keratin plug enhanced the drug transport through the nipple. The drug penetration was significantly higher through the nipple compared to breast skin. The drug’s lipophilicity had a significant influence on drug penetration through nipple. The ducts in the nipple served as a major transport pathway to the underlying breast tissue. Results showed that porcine nipple could be a potential model for human nipple. The topical application of 5-FU on the rat nipple resulted in high drug concentration in the breast and minimal drug levels in plasma and other organs. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrate the feasibility of localized drug delivery to the breast through nipple.
Japan's Cinderella Motif: Beauty Industry and Mass Culture Interpretations of a Popular Icon

The tale of Cinderella is firmly entrenched in the global imagination as that of a pitiable girl who transforms into a stunning example of Euroamerican beauty in which her magnificent gown and spar...
Improving asthma documentation in a paediatric emergency department.

Objectives: To improve documentation for children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of The Children's Hospital with acute asthma. Methodology: In phase I, the documentation process was analysed using a standard total quality management (TQM) approach to identify specific problems leading to poor documentation. Fifty-two medical records of children presenting over a 3 week period were reviewed for nursing and medical documentation. A set of minimum criteria, consistent with the Paediatric Asthma Management Plan, were established for documentation by both medical and nursing staff. Following dissemination and education, compliance with documentation was evaluated and compared to an asthma survey performed in the ED in 1991. In phase II, a specific proforma for medical assessment was developed and 80 medical records of children presenting over a 3 week period were reviewed. Fifty-two (65%) with completed proformas were evaluated. The outcome measure was the documentation rate for minimum criteria established by TQM process. Results In phase I, nursing compliance with documentation ranged from 46% for signs of respiratory distress to 83% for a past history of asthma and 100% for pulse rate. Doctors were similarly poor at documenting essential elements such as severity (31%), palpable pulsus paradoxus (29%), the child's usual doctor (46%) and follow-up arrangements (21–56%). In phase II, the documentation of the severity of acute asthma (42%) and of the child's usual doctor (42%) remained poor but there were statistically significant improvements in documentation of interval medications, palpable pulsus paradoxus, respiratory rate, pre-treatment oximetry, education, follow-up arrangements and communication letters. Conclusion The process of TQM has proved valuable in improving some aspects of documentation of children presenting to ED with acute asthma. It remains to be shown whether improved documentation will result in improved outcome.
Efficient mutagenesis of the rhodopsin gene in rod photoreceptor neurons in mice

Dominant mutations in the rhodopsin gene, which is expressed in rod photoreceptor cells, are a major cause of the hereditary-blinding disease, autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Therapeutic strategies designed to edit such mutations will likely depend on the introduction of double-strand breaks and their subsequent repair by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining. At present, the break repair capabilities of mature neurons, in general, and rod cells, in particular, are undefined. To detect break repair, we generated mice that carry a modified human rhodopsin-GFP fusion gene at the normal mouse rhodopsin locus. The rhodopsin-GFP gene carries tandem copies of exon 2, with an ISceI recognition site situated between them. An ISceI-induced break can be repaired either by non-homologous end joining or by recombination between the duplicated segments, generating a functional rhodopsin-GFP gene. We introduced breaks using recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce the gene encoding ISceI nuclease. We found that virtually 100% of transduced rod cells were mutated at the ISceI site, with ∼85% of the genomes altered by end joining and ∼15% by the single-strand annealing pathway of homologous recombination. These studies establish that the genomes of terminally differentiated rod cells can be efficiently edited in living organisms.
Association of HLA-alleles with the immune regulation of chronic viral infections.

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) have an astonishing ability to eliminate pathogen-infected cells. However, if uncontrolled, these CTLs could cause devastating pathology to host tissues. CD8+ effector T cells, therefore, interact with antigen-presenting cells and other immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), to regulate further on-site expansion and differentiation of the effector cells. This ensures protection of the host with minimal bystander pathological consequences. During prolonged chronic infections CTLs, however, often lose effector function. Induction of multiple inhibitory pathways is emerging as a major regulator converting effector CTLs into exhausted CTLs during chronic viral infections such as HIV, HCV and HBV. The mechanisms involved in induction of exhaustion during chronic viral infections are the focus of this article. Blockade of inhibitory pathways could potentially restore functional capabilities to exhausted CTLs and represents a potential immune-based intervention in chronic viral infections.
Use of The PPVT-R for Intellectual Screening with School-Aged Children: A Caution

The present investigation was undertaken to systematically evaluate the use of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) as a general screening instrument for intellectual functioning with school aged children. The sample included 208 children, aged 6 years to 11 years 11 months, who were referred for evaluation. The PPVT-R correlated positively and significantly with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) Full Scale IQ (. 78), Verbal IQ(.79) and Performance IQ(.68). However, the mean PPVT-R standard score significantly underestimated the three mean WISC-R IQs. A cross-tabulation matrix revealed that 51% of the cases were correctly classified by the PPVT-R. Additionally, mean score comparisons within the discrete classification levels revealed that the PPVT-R underestimated the WISC-R Full Scale and Verbal IQs within the lower ability ranges, and overestimated the IQs within the upper ability ranges. Based upon these findings caution is advised when using the PPVT-R as a ...
Causal markers across domains and genres of discourse

This paper is a study of causation as it occurs in different domains and genres of discourse. There have been various initiatives to extract causality from discourse using causal markers. However, to our knowledge, none of these approaches have displayed similar results when applied to other styles of discourse. In this study we evaluate the nature of causal markers - specifically causatives, between corpora in different domains and genres of discourse and measure the overlap of causal markers using two metrics - Term Similarity and Causal Precision. We find that causal markers, specially causatives (causal verbs) are extremely domain dependent, and moderately genre dependent.
The Plasticity of the Islamic Activist: Notes from the Counterterrorism Literature

Western intelligence analysts fight an uphill battle to avoid parochial habits of thought that lump diverse Islamist identities together. The recent counterterrorism literature gives us tools for understanding a wide spectrum of Islamists, by focusing attention on what they say about themselves rather than on the intelligence labels we must ultimately assign to them. The main challenge for analysts is not the brute diversity of Islamist types, but their plasticity—the Islamist's flexible inhabitation of distinct, sometimes contradictory, identities. Contrary to generalizations about the duplicity of all Islamists, much plasticity is due to ordinary psychological- or ideological strain—the inability to resolve divided allegiances or sustain conflicted principles. Islamist preacher Yussef al-Qardawi and salafist group Hizb ut-Tahrir present prime examples of ordinary Islamist plasticity. In order to understand Islamism in all its complexity, analysts should develop methods for disaggregating and evaluating ...
AMOTL2 interaction with TAZ causes the inhibition of surfactant proteins expression in lung cells.

Abstract Background TAZ (Transcriptional co-Activator with PDZ-binding motif), is a biologically potent transcriptional coactivator and functions by binding to the PPXY motif present in several transcription factors. Notably, TAZ behaves as a transducer linking cytoplasmic signaling events to transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. Several different factors regulate TAZ expression and/or function. In particular, a major regulation of TAZ activity occurs through the Hippo pathway by a phosphorylation-mediated mechanism that causes its cytoplasmic sequestration or degradation. Results Here we demonstrate that AMOTL2 robustly co-immunoprecipitates with TAZ, and their interaction is dependent on the WW domain of TAZ and the PPXY motif in the N-terminus of AMOTL2. Furthermore, we show that AMOTL2 colocalizes with TAZ in the cytoplasm of H441 human lung cells and regulates TAZ cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation through direct protein–protein interaction. Interestingly, the overexpression of AMOTL2 inhibits the functional cooperation between the transcription factor TTF-1 and TAZ on the Surfactant C gene promoter, as well as the expression of other known target genes of these regulatory factors. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest an inhibitory role of AMOTL2 on TAZ ability to co-activate transcription and describe a different mechanism, Hippo pathway-independent, that modulates the activity of TAZ in lung cells through the interaction with Angiomotin-like 2 (AMOTL2).
Collection Assessment in the 1980s

A prominent field of research in Library Science during the past thirty years has been collection assessment of college and university libraries. No other subject has received the attention in library literature as has the question of how to evaluate a collection to determine whether it adequately supports the goals, curriculum, and needs of the sponsoring organization. Collection assessment has also attracted more interest from scholars outside the library profession than any other aspect of librarianship. Research in this area should be of value to collection development personnel in all college and university libraries.
A lattice kinetic Monte Carlo study of void morphological evolution during silicon crystal growth

A recently developed lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (LKMC) model for vacancy aggregation is used to investigate the morphological evolution of large vacancy aggregates under different conditions relevant to commercial silicon crystal growth. In particular, the roles of dissolved oxygen atoms as vacancy complexing agents during the aggregation process are studied and the resulting effects on the void morphological evolution are compared to recent experimental observations. It is shown that oxygen plays an important role, under certain crystal growth conditions, in the final morphology of vacancy clusters, and that the LKMC model is able to explain and accurately reproduce experimental observations. The essential dynamical features of the LKMC predictions are analyzed using a simple differential equation model to describe void growth kinetics under different conditions.
The conversion of olefins to β-keto esters: Ozonolysis of olefins followed by in situ reduction with tin(II) chloride in the presence of ethyl diazoacetate.

Abstract Trisubstituted olefins are converted to β-keto esters by treatment with ozone followed by the addition of tin(H) chloride and ethyl diazoacetate. Monosubstituted olefins are first treated with ozone in the presence of methanol to generate methoxy hydroperoxides. The hydroperoxides are subsequently reduced with tin(II) chloride in the presence of ethyl diazoacetate to produce β-keto esters.
Quantitative Effect of Elastomeric Modification on Binder Performance at Intermediate and High Temperatures

An experimental study was conducted to characterize the dynamic mechanical properties of elastomer-modified asphalt binders at intermediate and high temperatures. Two types of elastomeric modifiers, styrene-butadiene-styrene ~SBS! and styrene-ethylene/ butylene-styrene ~SEBS!, were used at three different concentrations. Short-term aging and long-term aging were simulated by the rolling thin film oven test and the pressure aging vessel test, respectively. A dynamic shear rheometer was used to conduct frequency sweeps at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 75°C in increments of 10°C. Two fitting models were introduced to describe the variation of the selected parameters with temperature. An investigation of the resulting isochronal plots indicated that polymer modification is effective in increasing rutting resistance at high temperatures and fatigue resistance at intermediate temperatures. It was also found that SBES improves the binder rutting resistance more than SBS. However, SBS was found more effective in improving the binder fatigue resistance at intermediate temperatures.
Assessment of Regional Management Strategies for Controlling Seawater Intrusion

Simulation-optimization methods, applied with adequate senstivitivity tests, can provide useful quantitative guidance for controlling seawater intrusion. This is demonstrated in an application to the West Coast Basin of coastal Los Angeles that considers two management options for improving hydraulic control of seawater intrusion: increased injection into barrier wells and in lieu delivery of surface water to replace current pumpage. For the base-case optimization analysis, assuming constant groundwater demand, in lieu delivery was determined to be most cost effective. Reduced-cost information from the optimization provided guidance for prioritizing locations for in lieu delivery. Model sensitivity to a suite of hydrologic, economic, and policy factors was tested. Raising the imposed average water-level constraint at the hydraulic-control locations resulted in nonlinear increases in cost. Systematic varying of the relative costs of injection and in lieu water yielded a trade-off curve between relative costs and injection/in lieu amounts. Changing the assumed future scenario to one of increasing pumpage in the adjacent Central Basin caused a small increase in the computed costs of seawater intrusion control. Changing the assumed boundary condition representing interaction with an adjacent basin did not affect the optimization results. Reducing the assumed hydraulic conductivity of the main productive aquifer resulted in a large increase in the model-computed cost.
A Tangled Web: Regulatory Connections between Quorum Sensing and Cyclic Di-GMP

Bacteria sense and respond to environmental cues to control important developmental processes. Two widely conserved and important strategies that bacteria employ to sense changes in population density and local environmental conditions are quorum sensing (QS) and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling, respectively. The importance of these pathways in controlling a broad variety of functions, including virulence, biofilm formation, and motility, has been recognized in many species. Recent research has shown that these pathways are intricately intertwined. Here we review the regulatory connections between QS and c-di-GMP signaling. We propose that the integration of QS with c-di-GMP allows bacteria to assimilate information about the local bacterial population density with other physicochemical environmental signals within the broader c-di-GMP signaling network.
Age of rifting and associated volcanism in Atla Regio, Venus

An estimation of the age of rifting and associated volcanism in Atla Regio is carried out based on photogeologic analyses of the stratigraphic relationships between rift-associated features and impact craters which have associated radar-dark paraboloids. The paraboloids are believed to be thin mantles of debris derived from the fallout of crater ejecta, and their “parent” craters are considered to be among the youngest 10% of Venus' crater population [Campbell et al., 1992]. In the area under study, there are three impact craters with associated dark paraboloids: 1) Von Schuurman, which is clearly superimposed on the Dali Chasma Rift; 2) Sitwell, which is superimposed on Ganis Chasma and may have been followed by subsequent rift-associated fracturing; and 3) Luxemburg, which is superimposed on lavas from Ozza Mons and dissected by Dali Chasma fractures which, in turn, are covered by lavas from Maat Mons. This means that at least the last stages of tectonic and volcanic rift-associated activity in Atla Regio are contemporaneous with the formation of impact craters which are young enough to preserve the associated dark paraboloids. If these craters represent the youngest 10% of the Venus crater population, and the average age of the venusian surface is about 500 m.y. [Schaber et al., 1992], this means that rifting and rift-associated volcanism in Atla Regio were active as recently as during the last ∼50 m.y. In the current debate over models of Venus resurfacing the results of our study favor the equilibrium resurfacing model [Phillips et al., 1992].
Do Older Adults Show Less Confidence in Their Monitoring of Learning

Although aging has a minimal effect on the accuracy of people's judgments of learning (JOLs) at predicting future memory performance, older adults may be less confident in these memory judgments—similar to the age declines often reported with memory self-efficacy. To evaluate this possibility, the authors had younger and older adults make JOLs for paired associates and rate their confidence in the accuracy of each JOL. Age-related declines in confidence in judgments were evident for immediate JOLs but not for delayed JOLs. Implications of these outcomes for theory of JOLs and explaining age-related differences in self-regulated study are discussed.
Privatization, Work-Force Cutbacks, and African-American Municipal Employment

In the past fifteen years, St. Louis-like many older industrial cities-has experienced declining population payrolls and municipal revenue. In turn, the city has laid off workers and privatized operations to balance its budget. The effect on representation of African-Americans in the municipal work force has not been neutral. The number and percentage of African-American workers has fallen, leading to the conclusion that cutback management is inimical to work force diversity.
Constant density displays using diversity sampling

The Informedia Digital Video Library user interface summarizes query results with a collage of representative keyframes. We present a user study in which keyframe occlusion caused difficulties. To use the screen space most efficiently to display images, both occlusion and wasted whitespace should be minimized. Thus optimal choices will tend toward constant density displays. However, previous constant density algorithms are based on global density, which leads to occlusion and empty space if the density is not uniform. We introduce an algorithm that considers the layout of individual objects and avoids occlusion altogether. Efficiency concerns are important for dynamic summaries of the Informedia Digital Video Library, which has hundreds of thousands of shots. Posting multiple queries that take into account parameters of the visualization as well as the original query reduces the amount of work required. This greedy algorithm is then compared to an optimal one. The approach is also applicable to visualizations containing complex graphical objects other than images, such as text, icons, or trees.
Mixed Race and the Negotiation of Racialized Selves: Developing the Capacity for Internal Conflict

The author uses contemporary psychoanalytic theory in further understanding the negotiation of conflict and dissociation in biracial patients who are both African-American and White. Drawing on the work of contemporary theorists who have made efforts to navigate the relationship between inner and outer worlds in our understanding of race from a psychoanalytic perspective, the author examines the relationship between race, culture, and internalized self-other relations—how they interact with each other and impact splitting and dissociative processes among self-states. The author argues for a notion of the unconscious as one that contains historical trauma related to race relations that influences the developing capacity to sustain internal conflict between opposing self-states borne out of this trauma. The author shows how society works against the integration of racialized self-states and interferes with the capacity to contain conflict. Through an extended clinical vignette from an analysis of a mixed-ra...
Facing the Challenge: Obstacles to Global and Global Citizenship Education in US Schools

Regardless of how positively or negatively globalization is seen by theorists, all scholars agree that globalization has a profound effect on world economy, politics, culture, human lives, and behaviors. Debates about globalization involve an increasing number of people, institutions, local, state, and international agencies. However, schools in the United States, despite a slow progress, are still largely outside of these debates. Studies demonstrate, on the one hand, a growing interest among education practitioners in various aspects of global education but, on the other hand, very limited knowledge about global processes or motivation to introduce and integrate the ideas of global citizenship in classroom instructions. This chapter describes some challenges that global and global citizenship education face in US schools. Among those challenges are lasting traditions of isolationism and noncritical patriotism in the society, terminological vagueness and ambiguity, curricular instability of global and global citizenship education, and lack of administrative support. Specifically, the author argues that correctly organized curricular pressure through the inclusion of global education concepts into curricular documents, particularly academic standards, will bring the attention of teacher community to those important aspects of the contemporary world.
OFDM with trailing zeros versus OFDM with cyclic prefix: links, comparisons and application to the HiperLAN/2 system

This paper proposes a simple equalizer for a multicarrier block transmission scheme which pads zeros (as opposed to a cyclic prefix) in each transmitted block. In the absence of high-power amplifier induced nonlinear effects, it is shown that the resulting scheme is simply the dual of the classical cyclic prefix OFDM transceiver. Comparison between the two systems that takes into account nonlinear distortions introduced by the clipper is also performed in the practical context of the wireless broadband 5 GHz HiperLAN/2 system. Both the classical pilot-based as well as novel (semi-) blind subspace algorithms are applied for channel estimation. The advantage of subspace methods in lowering the variation of channel tracking is corroborated with simulations which verify practically accurate channel estimates along the bursts.
Hypercoagulability in a patient with chronic chyluria, proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia

We describe the case of a young man with prolonged and severe chyluria from a previous parasitic infection. He presented with an acute myocardial infarction most likely secondary to increased clotting tendency. He had a spontaneously formed blood clot in his left anterior descending coronary artery. In the setting of hypo-albuminemia (which has occurred because of obligate losses of protein from lymphuria), he has increased production of factor VIII levels and increased clotting tendency. In addition, because of obligate and unregulated fluid losses he has chronic dehydration, miscrovascular ischemia and secondary polycythemia. This polycythemia further increases his risk of hypercoagulability.
Protein extraction and 2-DE of water- and lipid-soluble proteins from bovine pericardium, a low-cellularity tissue.

Bovine pericardium (BP) is an important biomaterial used in the production of glutaraldehyde-fixed heart valves and tissue-engineering applications. The ability to perform proteomic analysis on BP is useful for a range of studies, including investigation of immune rejection after implantation. However, proteomic analysis of fibrous tissues such as BP is challenging due to their relative low-cellularity and abundance of extracellular matrix. A variety of methods for tissue treatment, protein extraction, and ;fractionation were investigated with the aim of producing high-quality 2-DE gels for both water- and lipid-soluble BP proteins. Extraction of water-soluble proteins with 3-(benzyldimethylammonio)-propanesulfonate followed by n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside extraction and ethanol precipitation for lipid-soluble proteins provided the best combination of yield, spot number, and resolution on 2-DE gels (Protocol E2). ESI-quadrupole/ion trap or MALDI-TOF/TOF MS protein identifications were performed to confirm bovine origin and appropriate subcellular prefractionation of resolved proteins. Twenty-five unique, predominantly cytoplasmic bovine proteins were identified from the water-soluble fraction. Thirty-two unique, predominantly membrane bovine proteins were identified from the lipid-soluble fraction. These results demonstrated that the final protocol produced high-quality proteomic data from this important tissue for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins.
The organization of non-nutritive sucking in the premature infant

Abstract Changes in non-nutritive sucking contingent upon the repeated presentation of unpatterned and patterned light stimulation were examined in a sample of 18 premature infants. Stimulus contingent sucking change in chronologically younger infants tended to be somewhat shorter in duration than that of the chronologically older infants and showed stimulus contingent sucking acceleration as well as suppression. Evidence was also found for less orienting among infants showing abnormalities in their sucking behavior. No evidence for habituation was found in any subgroup. Possible factors contributing to the strength and nature of stimulus contingent non-nutritive sucking changes in infants are discussed.
Developing an underfill process for dense flip chip applications

HP's current generation workstation processor uses flip chip on ceramic technology to help achieve increased clock speeds and higher I/O count. Due to the large die size, underfill is needed to improve the fatigue life of the flip chip solder connections. The processor package offers limited access for dispensing the underfill, and places limits on excess flow on top of and around the die. An underfill process was developed for the processor that consists of depositing the underfill material in multiple passes. A series of experiments were performed to characterize the material properties, flow, and dispense equipment, and to optimize the cycle time. This paper presents the different experiments and a methodology for combining the results to specify a process. The results of this work can be applied to develop an underfill process for similar applications involving large flip chip die with limited dispensing access.
Substitution of the Human β-Spectrin Promoter for the Human Aγ-Globin Promoter Prevents Silencing of a Linked Human β-Globin Gene in Transgenic Mice

During development, changes occur in both the sites of erythropoiesis and the globin genes expressed at each developmental stage. Previous work has shown that high-level expression of human β-like globin genes in transgenic mice requires the presence of the locus control region (LCR). Models of hemoglobin switching propose that the LCR and/or stage-specific elements interact with globin gene sequences to activate specific genes in erythroid cells. To test these models, we generated transgenic mice which contain the human Aγ-globin gene linked to a 576-bp fragment containing the human β-spectrin promoter. In these mice, the β-spectrin Aγ-globin (βsp/Aγ) transgene was expressed at high levels in erythroid cells throughout development. Transgenic mice containing a 40-kb cosmid construct with the micro-LCR, βsp/Aγ-, ψβ-, δ-, and β-globin genes showed no developmental switching and expressed both human γ- and β-globin mRNAs in erythroid cells throughout development. Mice containing control cosmids with the Aγ-globin gene promoter showed developmental switching and expressed Aγ-globin mRNA in yolk sac and fetal liver erythroid cells and β-globin mRNA in fetal liver and adult erythroid cells. Our results suggest that replacement of the γ-globin promoter with the β-spectrin promoter allows the expression of the β-globin gene. We conclude that the γ-globin promoter is necessary and sufficient to suppress the expression of the β-globin gene in yolk sac erythroid cells.
Relaxed convergence conditions for multi-agent systems under a class of consensus algorithms

This paper presents sufficient conditions for the convergence for a group of single integrator agents with a directed and static information flow graph, under a special class of control inputs. Using a novel approach based on the smallest order of the nonzero derivative, it is shown that under some mild conditions the convex hull of the agents will be contracting. The finite intersection property is then used to prove the convergence of the agents to a common fixed point. The results obtained in this work are more general than the ones reported in the literature. An illustrative example is provided to verify the proposed convergence conditions.
Polymer studies by gel permeation chromatography

Samples of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) have been prepared by bulk polymerization under conditions previously investigated in the literature. The molecular weight distributions were determined for early-conversion samples by gel permeation chromatography, and the experimental distribution curves were compared with calculated curves based on kinetic data. The agreement between the experimental and calculated curves was such as to indicate the utility of gel permeation chromatography in the investigation of polymer reaction kinetics and mechanisms.
A CYTOLOGICAL AND GENETICAL STUDY OF PROGENIES OF TRIPLOID TOMATOES

Page 2, line 21, after Navaschin for "1926" read "1925." Page 11, line 4, of legend to figure 2, for "ate" read "late". Page 41, line 13, after "type" put semicolon instead of comma. Page 43, line 25 after Winkler, H., for "1920" read "1910
Image acquisition modeling for super-resolution reconstruction

Super-resolution reconstruction is the process of reconstructing a high-resolution image from multiple low-resolution images. Most super-resolution reconstruction methods neglect camera response function, exposure time, white balancing, and external illumination changes. In this paper, we show how to extend traditional super-resolution reconstruction methods to handle these factors. We provide formulations for several different super-resolution reconstruction approaches. Experimental results are also included.
Tunable-bandwidth White-Light Cavity Using Anomalous Dispersion in Cold Atoms

We report the demonstration of a broadband white-light cavity scheme based on a cavity QED system that consists of multiple cold atoms confined in an optical cavity and coherently driven by a free-space laser field.
INSULIN EFFECT ON ADIPOSE TISSUE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM.

SummaryIn rats weighing 97-171 g, there is a significant negative correlation between the [Na] and [K] per g of water in freshly dissected epididymal adipose tissue and total body weight. During in...
The Techno-Economic Basis for Coproduct Manufacturing To Enable Hydrocarbon Fuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Biorefinery process development relies on techno-economic analysis (TEA) to identify primary cost drivers, prioritize research directions, and mitigate technical risk for scale-up through development of detailed process designs. Here, we conduct TEA of a model 2000 dry metric ton-per-day lignocellulosic biorefinery that employs a two-step pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce biomass-derived sugars, followed by biological lipid production, lipid recovery, and catalytic hydrotreating to produce renewable diesel blendstock (RDB). On the basis of projected near-term technical feasibility of these steps, we predict that RDB could be produced at a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of USD $9.55/gasoline-gallon-equivalent (GGE), predicated on the need for improvements in the lipid productivity and yield beyond current benchmark performance. This cost is significant given the limitations in scale and high costs for aerobic cultivation of oleaginous microbes and subsequent lipid extraction/recovery. In ...
Pathogen detection of HFMD and analysis of EV71 VP1 in designated hospitals in Harbin from 2008 to 2010

Objective:To investigate the pathogens distribution and gene characteristics in HFMD,and provide the scientific basis for making relevant prevention and control strategy.Methods: The DNA in samples of hand-foot-mouth disease patients collected from designated hospitals were tested by RT-PCR or real-time PCR,and the positive samples were cultured on RD cell for virus isolation.Additionally,VP1 region of EV71 was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced,and then the sequences of VP1 were analysed using DNA Man and DNA Star.Results: In 2008,there were 59 cases of EV71 and 4 cases of CA16 in total 156 samples.In 2009,there were 146 cases of EV71,82 cases of CA16 and 4 cases of other EV in total 625 samples.In 2010,there were 202 cases of EV71,13 cases of CA16 and 36 cases of other EV in total 725 samples.Conclusion: The results indicated the EV71 C4 subgenotype was the major pathogen for the epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease in the sentinel hospitals of Harbin city from 2008 to 2010,and there was no mutation found.
What every cardiologist should know about intravascular contrast

Contrast-enhanced x-ray imaging remains essential to the diagnosis and treatment of many types of cardiac and vascular disease. Despite the rapid advancements in less invasive imaging techniques, only traditional angiography provides a high-resolution, real-time, dynamic view of vascular structures. Cardiologists have become concerned about contrast selection since the introduction of new agents over the last 2 decades. This concern has sparked three sequential debates within our community: the cost effectiveness of low osmolal contrast; whether nonionic agents are prothrombogenic; and whether the potential for nephrotoxicity differs between contrasts. Following is a summary of clinically relevant aspects of the cost effectiveness of low osmolal contrast and the prothrombogenicity of nonionic agents. These issues are important not only to those who perform angiography, but also to those who refer patients to, or follow them after, the procedure.
Isolation Syndrome after Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Hypothermia

Here, we present the first description of an isolation syndrome in a patient who suffered prolonged cardiac arrest and underwent a standard therapeutic hypothermia protocol. Two years after the arrest, the patient demonstrated no motor responses to commands, communication capabilities or visual tracking at the bedside. However, resting neuronal metabolism and electrical activity across the entire anterior forebrain was found to be normal despite severe structural injuries to primary motor, parietal and occipital cortices. In addition, using quantitative electroencephalography, the patient showed evidence for willful modulation of brain activity in response to auditory commands revealing covert conscious awareness. A possible explanation for this striking dissociation in this patient is that altered neuronal recovery patterns following therapeutic hypothermia may lead to a disproportionate preservation of anterior forebrain cortico-thalamic circuits even in the setting of severe hypoxic injury to other brain areas. Compared to recent reports of other severely brain-injured subjects with such dissociation of clinically observable (overt) and covert behaviors, we propose that this case represents a potentially generalizable mechanism producing an isolation syndrome of blindness, motor paralysis and retained cognition as a sequela of cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia. Our findings further support that highly-preserved anterior cortico-thalamic integrity is associated with the presence of conscious awareness independent from the degree of injury to other brain areas.
Proceedings of the 11th communications and networking simulation symposium

Welcome to the 11th Communications and Networking Simulation (CNS) Symposium! Ever since the change of name (starting with 9th CNS), this annual event, as part of SpringSim, attracts an increasing variety of participants and papers. The latest trends in Communications Networking are discussed in this symposium. Participants from many countries from all over the world get the unique opportunity of touching bases with each other on what's up in the respective areas of research. It's all happening here. Among many hallmarks of this year's symposium is the ns3 tutorial by one of the developers of ns3. This is probably the first time a tutorial on the latest version of ns3 is presented. The presenter, Professor George Riley of Georgia Tech, is the former Chair of the symposium and knows very well the expectations of the symposium participants. Besides the two-part tutorial, 30 papers have been selected through a peer-review process out of 47 submissions. The quality of most papers submitted was presentable; the top 30 were chosen for a final submission though. Accepted papers happen to be from all sectors; industry, academia and government. Historically CNS (formerly, Applied Telecommunication Symposium) was primarily for industrial research. Soon it became clear that much of the industrial research happens in academia these days. Therefore, by merely looking at the paper content, it is hard to tell whether the research has been carried out in industry, a university or a government laboratory.
Female Strategies and Tactics

This chapter describes some female strategies and tactics to attract males. Females use both cooperative and competitive strategies that are even more complex than male strategies. That is because females generally have “more to lose.” Males can “afford” to take more risks than females and, when male risk involves female cost, females have to take preventive or counteractive measures. Females take quite an active role in the coevolution of male and female reproductive strategies. For females, attracting and evaluating potential mates may involve two possibly conflicting goals: finding a good sexual partner and finding a good social partner. A good sexual partner means finding a healthy male who will provide his offspring with a good set of genes and a good social partner means finding a committed male who will help provide his offspring with food, protection, and/or other resources. The response of females to males, of course, leads back to another cycle of responses by males to females and so forth. The visible results of these cycles of coevolution are the mutual interactions of males and females called as mating systems.
Introduction to the Conceptual Framework

The initial question to address when attempting to model and measure a concept like economic performance is “what does it mean”? Definition, construction, and use of measures representing performance require careful consideration of the underlying conceptual foundation. This in turn requires explicit recognition of the connection between productive performance or productivity and the cost structure. On this basis the theoretical formalization and implementation of appropriate measurement formulas, and interpretation and use of resulting performance measures, may effectively be pursued.
Qualitative User Reactions to a Hand-Clapping Humanoid Robot

Playful interactions serve an important role in human development and interpersonal bonding. Accordingly, we believe future robots may need to know how to play games to connect with people in meaningful ways. To begin exploring how users perceive playful human-robot interaction, we conducted a study with 20 participants. Each user played simple hand-clapping games with the Rethink Robotics Baxter Research Robot during a one-hour-long session. Qualitative data collected from surveys and experiment recordings resoundingly demonstrate that this interaction is viable: all users successfully completed the experiment, all users enjoyed at least one game, and nineteen of the 20 users identified at least one potential personal use for Baxter. Hand-clapping tempo was highly salient to users, and human-like robot errors were more widely accepted than mechanical errors. These findings can motivate and guide roboticists who want to design social-physical human-robot interactions.
Does the Use of Ibuprofen in Children with Extremity Fractures Increase their Risk for Bone Healing Complications

Abstract Background Despite being an effective analgesic for children with fractures, some clinicians may avoid prescribing ibuprofen due to its potentially harmful effect on bone healing. Objective To determine if exposure to ibuprofen is associated with an increased risk of bone healing complications in children with fractures. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children aged 6 months to 17 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department (PED) with a fracture of the tibia, femur, humerus, scaphoid, or fifth metatarsus and who followed up with the orthopedic service. We chose these fractures due to their higher risk for complications. We classified patients as exposed if they received ibuprofen in the PED or during hospitalization or were prescribed ibuprofen at discharge. The main outcome was a bone healing complication as evidenced by nonunion, delayed union, or re-displacement on follow-up radiographs. Results Of the 808 patients included in the final analysis, 338 (42%) were exposed to ibuprofen. Overall, 27 (3%) patients had a bone healing complication; 8 (1%) developed nonunion, 3 (0.4%) developed delayed union, and 16 (2%) developed re-displacement. Ten (3%) patients who were exposed to ibuprofen, and 17 (4%) who were not, developed a bone healing complication (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4–1.8; p = 0.61). There was no significant association between ibuprofen exposure and the development of a bone healing complication despite adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion Children with extremity fractures who are exposed to ibuprofen do not seem to be at increased risk for clinically important bone healing complications.
Creating Community Resilience Through Elder-Led Physical and Social Infrastructure.

Objective Natural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide. We investigated the effects of an intervention in Japan known as Ibasho, which embeds elderly residents in vulnerable areas within larger social networks and encourages them to participate in leadership activities. This project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to society and to build elderly leadership and community capacity for future crises. Methods We carried out surveys of participants and nonparticipant residents across the city of Ofunato in Tohoku, Japan, 1 year after the intervention began. Our surveys included questions assessing participation levels in Ibasho, demographic characteristics, efficacy, social networks, and a sense of belonging. Results Regression analysis and propensity score matching of more than 1100 respondents showed that regular participation in the Ibasho project had a statistically significant and positive connection with various measures of social capital. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost and focus on deepening cohesion, we suggest that this community-based project could be replicated and scaled up in other countries to deepen resilience, elder health, and social capital. Moving away from an emphasis on investing in physical infrastructure, we believe that disaster risk reduction strategies should center on social infrastructure. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:120-126).
Brain emotional learning-based intelligent tracking control for Unmanned Aircraft Systems with uncertain system dynamics and disturbance

In this paper, a novel neurobiologically inspired intelligent tracking controller is developed and implemented for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in presence of uncertain system dynamics and disturbance. The methodology adopted, known as Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC), is based on a novel computational model of emotional learning in mammals' brain limbic system. Compared with conventional stable control, BELBIC is more suitable for practical UAS since it can maintain the real-time UAS performance without known system dynamic and disturbance. Furthermore, the learning capability and low computational complexity of BELBIC make it very promising for implementation in complex real-time applications. To evaluate the practical performance of proposed design, BELBIC has been implemented into a benchmark UAS. Numerical and experimental results demonstrated the applicability and satisfactory performance of the proposed BELBIC-inspired design.
Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise

Instructional Design literature provides descriptions of established models that are particularly helpful for novices learning the patterns and approaches that have historically proven successful. However, it does not provide as much information about the design process in its largest sense. The popularity of established ID models may cause instructional designers to limit their approaches and isolate themselves from alternate views of design. The authors present a synthesis of the literature of design in general with specific approaches cited in fields including architecture, the automotive industry, engineering, fashion, the performing arts, as well as instructional design, and conclude with a discussion of what ID might adopt and adapt from other design disciplines to foster professional development and expertise.
Improved Extraction Efficiency of Gallium-67 after Irradiation of Zinc-68 with Protons

Gallium-67(67Ga) is usually produced by the irradiation of enriched Zinc-68(68Zn) with protons up to about 28 MeV. It is commercially available as 67Ga chloride and 67Ga citrate(for a recent review of gallium radiopharmaceutical chemistry, see reference one1). At Mount Sinai, 67Ga is routinely produced in quantities of 40–50 Ci per week. One method of processing 67Ga involves the dissolution of the 68Zn and the 67Ga in 7N HC1 and extraction of the 67Ga with isopropyl ether2; our procedure is based on this method. In an on-going effort to improve various aspects of the production process, we have reinvestigated the extraction of 67Ga from targets of 68Zn plated on copper and irradiated with 26.5 MeV protons. The present study was designed to determine the percentage of residual 67Ga on the etching apparatus and the subsequent recovery of this 67Ga(which appears not to be readily removed with acid) using water.