cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Merger Speculation in Financial Media: The Valuation of Investigative Reporting

The authors study abnormal returns and volume in the days surrounding takeover speculation by financial media. Significantly positive price and volume responses 2 days after publication are observe...
Femoral Neck Shaft Angle and Management of Proximal Femur Fractures: Is the Contralateral Femur a Reliable Template?

Objectives To (1) assess interrater reliability of a novel technique for measurement of neck shaft angle (NSA); (2) use pelvic anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of unaffected hips to assess variability of NSA; and (3) evaluate the side-to-side variability of NSA to determine reliability of using the contralateral hip as a template. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic Level 1 regional trauma center. Patients/participants Four hundred six femora (203 patients) with standing AP pelvis radiographs were selected. Exclusions included lack of acceptable imaging, congenital abnormalities, or prior hip surgery. Intervention An AP pelvis radiograph in the standing position. Main outcome measurements Bilateral NSA measurements obtained in a blinded fashion between 2 reviewers. Pearson coefficients and coefficient of determination assessed correlations and variability between left and right NSA. Concordance correlation coefficients assessed the interrater reliability between measurements performed by the 2 reviewers. Results Two hundred three patients (406 femora) were assessed. Male patients had a lower overall NSA mean of 131.56 degrees ± 4.74 than females with 133.61 degrees ± 5.17. There was no significant difference in NSA side-to-side in females (P = 0.18), 0.3 degrees [95% confidence interval (-0.15 to 0.75)], or males (P = 0.68), 0.19 degrees [95% confidence interval (-0.74 to 1.12)]. There was a strong linear relationship between left and right femora (r2 = 0.70). Forty-one percent of patients fell within the 131-135 degrees range bilaterally. Eighty-eight percent of patients had 10 degrees difference. Conclusions There is no significant variability between bilateral femora in males and females. Use of this measurement method and contralateral NSA for proximal femur fracture planning is supported.
Overview of severe asthma, with emphasis on pediatric patients: a review for practitioners

Asthma is the most common life-threatening chronic disease in children. Although guidelines exist for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, treatment of severe, pediatric asthma remains difficult. Limited studies in the pediatric population on new asthma therapies, complex issues with adolescence and adherence, health disparities, and unequal access to guideline-based care complicate the care of children with severe, persistent asthma. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of asthma, including asthma subtypes, comorbidities, and risk factors, to discuss diagnostic considerations and pitfalls and existing treatments, and then present existing and emerging therapeutic approaches to asthma management. An improved understanding of asthma heterogeneity, clinical characteristics, inflammatory patterns, and pathobiology can help further guide the management of severe asthma in children. More studies are needed in the pediatric population to understand emerging therapeutics application in children. Effective multimodal strategies tailored to individual characteristics and a commitment to address risk factors, modifiers, and health disparities may help reduce the burden of asthma in the USA.
Clostridioides difficile SpoVAD and SpoVAE interact and are required for DPA packaging into spores

Abstract Clostridioides difficile spores, like the spores from most endospore-forming organisms, are a metabolically dormant stage of development with a complex structure that conveys considerable resistance to environmental conditions, e.g., dry heat. This resistance is due to the large amount of dipicolinic acid (DPA) that is packaged into the spore core, thereby replacing the majority of water. DPA is synthesized by the mother cell and its packaging into the spore core is regulated by the spoVA operon that has a variable number of genes, depending on the organism. C. difficile encodes 3 spoVA orthologues, spoVAC, spoVAD, and spoVAE. Prior work has shown that C. difficile SpoVAC is a mechanosensing protein responsible for DPA release from the spore core upon the initiation of germination. However, the roles of SpoVAD and SpoVAE remain unclear in C. difficile. In this study we analyzed the roles of SpoVAD and SpoVAE and found that they are essential for DPA packaging into the spore, similar to SpoVAC. Using split luciferase protein interaction assays we found that these proteins interact, and we propose a model where SpoVAC / SpoVAD / SpoVAE proteins interact at or near the inner spore membrane, and each member of the complex is essential for DPA packaging into the spore core. Importance C. difficile spore heat resistance provides an avenue for it to survive the disinfection protocols in hospital and community settings. The spore heat resistance is mainly the consequence of the high DPA content within the spore core. By elucidating the mechanism by which DPA is packaged into the spore core, this study may provide insight in how to disrupt the spore heat resistance with the aim of making the current disinfection protocols more efficient at preventing the spread of C. difficile in the environment.
Privacy Amid Prosecution

Prosecutors increasingly marshal electronic evidence from social media companies like Facebook and Twitter to detect and prosecute crime. For example, today’s prosecutors use social media communications to establish a defendant’s illegal activities online or his relationship to co-conspirators. Under the federal Stored Communications Act, the government is able to obtain electronic evidence by serving social media companies with a search warrant. The same is not true for criminal defendants because, on its face, the Act bans litigants other than the government from subpoenaing social media companies to obtain content information. As electronic evidence becomes more important in criminal prosecutions, defendants have sought to challenge this ban. To date, at least six federal and state appellate courts have confronted the question of whether litigants other than the government can compel service providers to produce content information. The stakes are high. On the one hand, a decision giving access to criminal defendants and other litigants would open up for discovery the most intimate online communications, photographs, videos, and other content belonging to billions of users worldwide. On the other hand, a decision blocking access means defendants may not be able to obtain the evidence they need as they fight for their liberty. The Supreme Court is likely to soon be asked to address this question. Criminal defendants have been aided by a scholar who has put forward in the Harvard Law Review an innovative argument that federal privilege law requires allowing litigants to subpoena information from social media companies in a way that the text of the Stored Communications Act appears to preclude. This Article challenges this novel privilege argument. Cases dating back to the telegram era of the late nineteenth century and continuing to modern day show that, contrary to this scholar’s argument, Congress does not have to use any specific language to block defendants’ access to content. Rather, courts have applied the plain text of the law, which, alongside the Act’s structure and purpose, shows that defendants are banned from obtaining content. Moreover, I argue, courts should not rely on this new approach because it will both create a doctrinal mess in a carefully structured statute and will enmesh courts in difficult policy decisions about the privacy of billions of users worldwide. Instead, Congress is best-positioned to reform the statute in a way that balances the serious privacy and liberty interests at stake. Given that legislative change can take time, this Article ends by explaining the tools already available to defendants for obtaining online content.
Chapter 4 Competitive marketing strategies: Game-theoretic models

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the key developments in the understanding of competitive marketing strategies. Product, price, advertising, and distribution competition are all addressed. While the emphasis is on models, the chapter surveys the empirical literature as well. There is a significant amount of empirical work to report, but the ratio of theoretical to empirical work is nevertheless unpleasantly large. Much progress has been made in the last ten years or so in the study of competitive marketing strategies. Most of this chapter has been theoretical, using simple models of firm and consumer behavior. These models serve the function of demonstrating rigorously the existence of certain 'effects' factors which need to be considered in analyzing real-world competition.
System-on-a-chip global interconnect optimization

The width of global interconnects is optimized to have a large bisectional bandwidth along with a small latency, power dissipation, repeater area and via blockage. The optimal wire width, which maximizes the product of data flux density OD and reciprocal delay 1//spl tau/, is independent of the interconnect length and can be used for all global interconnects. Data flux density OD (per unit width) determines the bisectional bandwidth and therefore, the total number of bits per second that global interconnect levels can potentially transfer. Using optimal wire width decreases the latency, energy dissipation, and repeater area by 42%, 30%, and 84%, respectively compared to using half the optimal wire width at the price of 14% smaller bisectional bandwidth.
Effects of acidosis on the activity of creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in the serum of newborn infants.

The total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and the levels of activity of its MM, MB, and BB isoenzymes were measured in sera obtained within four hours after birth from 32 newborn infants. The total CPK level and activity of its MM, MB, and BB isoenzymes increased significantly with increasing acidosis. In addition, statistically significant correlations were found between the total CPK level in infants9 sera and their oneminute Apgar scores. The infants9 birth weight, gestational age, and mode of delivery did not correlate significantly with the serum total CPK activity. Infants who died within ten days after birth from causes related to asphyxia had significantly higher total CPK activity levels in their sera in comparison with the survivors. The data suggest that perinatal asphyxia with acidosis may result in the leakage of CPK and its isoenzymes from the damaged cells into the circulation and that a marked elevation of their values may indicate a poor prognosis for survival.
Compatible Management of Understory Forest Resources and Timber

Many native mosses, lichens, ferns, herbs, shrubs, and fungi are harvested by humans from the understories of Pacific Northwest forests. These understory products are used personally and commercially for decorative, culinary, medicinal, cultural and educational purposes. Understory species harvested for any of these purposes are typically and awkwardly referred to as nontimber or special forest products (Vance et al. 2001, IFCAE 2002, Table 1). Hereafter, we refer to these species simply as understory forest resources and understory products. These species have important ecological roles in forest communities. They contribute to biological diversity and long-term ecosystem productivity (Alaback and Herman 1988, Halpern and Spies 1995), underpin mammalian and avian abundance (Morrison 1982, Carey 1995, Carey and Johnson 1995) and are important aesthetic components of forests.
Notes from the Margin: Race, Relevance and the Making of Public Administration

This article examines, from among public administration and allied literature spanning over one hundred years, how "race" (both as fact and artifact) has shaped and similarly been shaped by scholarly output serving public administration. The paper finds that race and administrative inquiry and praxis in America have co-aligned, and entangled, since the inception of public administration. Their relevance, each for the other, is determined here to be lasting and profound.
Probiotics and Antibiotic Use

Diarrhea is a typical target for probiotics. In particular, probiotics appear to be effective in reducing the risk for side effects of antibiotic use. In this chapter we summarize the effect of probiotics in general and a combination of four probiotic strains in particular have on maintaining intestinal microbiota composition and reducing risk for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Meta-analyses confirm the benefits probiotics can provide as an adjunct to antibiotics. Despite their success, it is difficult to make reference to these benefits in many jurisdictions. In Europe especially, it is important that reference to alternative endpoints is made, such as maintenance or restoration of microbiota composition or reduction of AAD causing pathogens. This is important, not only for improving quality of life for patients using antibiotics, but also from a health economic perspective; the cost of probiotics is relatively small compared to the cost of side effects caused by antibiotics
The Generation and Propagation of a Nocturnal Squall Line. Part II: Numerical Simulations

Abstract The mechanisms behind the convective regeneration that occurred at midnight on 26 May 1985 in the Kansas PRE-STORM network (described in Part I) are examined with a numerical cloud model. Three mechanisms that could have caused the regeneration are identified: 1) an increase in low-level moisture, 2) an increase in low-level shear and 3) a mesoscale oscillation forced by previous convection. The first numerical experiments begin with a horizontally uniform environment. A primary squall line is generated in this environment and is then allowed to decay. Four hours after the decay, a second convective system develops at the leading edge of the gust front from the primary squall line. It is shown that this secondary generation is due to a mesoscale oscillation centered at 70 kPa that is forced by the previous convective system. Horizontal variations in the upstream environment are then considered. An increase in low-level moisture is examined first, and it is shown that the consequent lowering of th...
A comparison of power requirements of traveling-wave LiNbO 3 optical couplers and inteferometric modulators

It is shown that a coupler and interferometer may be considered two extremes of a generalized two-guide coupler device in which electrode length is less than a coupling length. For electrode lengths less than half of a coupling length, the generalized device looks more like an interferometer than a coupler. The impedance and electrical loss of asymmetric-stripe and coplanar-waveguide transmission lines on LiNbO 3 for thick as well as thin electrodes are then presented. The effects of the electrical loss on the bandwidth and drive requirements of traveling-wave LiNbO 3 couplers and interferometric devices are discussed, and it is shown that electrical loss in the transmission line is more detrimental to a coupler than to an interferometer. These results are then used to compare the drive power requirements of coupler and interferometric devices, and it is shown that for the same bandwidth and same optical guide dimensions, an interferometric device with a coplanar transmission line can require a lower drive power than a coupler with an asymmetric-stripe line.
Magnetic properties and critical currents of epitaxial YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films

The authors report results of magnetic and transport measurements on thin epitaxial films of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ which show critical current densities of 10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K. They exhibit well-formed symmetrical hysteresis loops and flux-trapping effects and linear susceptibilities at low fields. Magnetic and transport critical currents are in good agreement at low temperatures. The above properties are attributed to strong pinning from point defects which are suggested to be more numerous in films than in bulk single crystals. Diamagnetic shielding effects can be very large and are proportional to the critical current at zero field; however, there is a large penetration of H/sub a/ at all field values. Field-cooled magnetization is always very small, being only a few percent of the diamagnetic shielding. This small value is attributed to a balance between trapped flux and expelled flux in the cooling process. The strong pinning in attributed to a high density of defects in the film. >
A nonfactorial algorithm for testing isomorphism of two graphs

Abstract An algorithm is constructed for checking two graphs for isomorphism. It is proved that the worst case running time of the algorithm is O(exp( n )) where n is the size of a graph. This is the first substantial improvement on naive n ! algorithms.
Relaxation of one-dimensional binary mixtures

Temporal evolution of one-dimensional binary mixtures of small-diameter elastic particles is studied from different theoretical and simulational perspectives. The nonlinear Boltzmann equation for the system is solved exactly in the Fourier space. The simulational algorithm used is extremely fast and produces results that are in perfect agreement with the theory, even with a fairly small number of particles involved. Both theoretical and simulational results show that the relaxation time of a non-Maxwellian mixture is a minimum for the mass ratio of 3+2$\sqrt{2}$, consistent with earlier investigations, and that for this choice of mass ratio, the distribution functions reduce to simple closed forms. The evolving distribution oscillates between a bimodal and unimodal form.
A Retrospective Review of Short-Term Outcomes After Switching Patients From Clopidogrel to Alternative Antiplatelet Therapy

Purpose: To describe a process used at one facility to switch patients receiving clopidogrel to another antiplatelet therapy when appropriate. Additionally, to evaluate adverse effects in these patients and estimate drug acquisition cost savings.Methods: Clinical pharmacists reviewed patient charts and recommended switching antiplatelet therapy where appropriate, based on established facility criteria. Charts were later reviewed in an outcomes assessment for those patients who were switched. Primary outcomes assessed included ischemic and bleeding events; secondary outcomes included net change in use of proton pump inhibitors or histamine H2 antagonists, headache, gastrointestinal (GI) upset, allergy, and clopidogrel reinitiation. Drug acquisition cost savings was also estimated.Results: A total of 560 patient charts were reviewed, and 373 clopidogrel prescriptions were discontinued. Outcomes were assessed for 215 patients. In total, 20.9% of patients were taking clopidogrel for indications outside the es...
Other factors/conditions associated with cerebral palsy

The cause for most cases of cerebral palsy is unknown. There are however, risk factors that have been associated with this chronic neuromuscular disease. The objective of this article is to review the maternal and fetal conditions (other than asphyxia and infection) strongly associated with increased rate of cerebral palsy. What remains to be elucidated is whether or not these associations are causative.
The effect of lateral epicondylosis on upper limb mechanical parameters

Background Lateral epicondylosis is a prevalent and costly musculoskeletal disorder characterized by degeneration of the common extensor tendon origin at the lateral epicondyle. Grip strength is commonly affected due to lateral epicondylosis. However, less is known about the effect of lateral epicondylosis on other functional parameters such as ability to react to rapid loading.
Immunolocalization of zona pellucida antigens in the ovarian follicle of dogs, cats, horses and elephants

A comparative evaluation of the location of immunoreactive porcine zona pellucida (pZP) glycoproteins was performed with polyclonal rabbit anti-pZP antibodies on ovarian sections of the dog, cat, horse, and elephant. For this, formalin (light microscopy) and glutaraldehyde (transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) fixed ovarian sections were incubated with antibodies raised against highly purified pZP. Staining patterns were determined with diaminobenzidine (DAB) at the light level. The dog ZP had a distinct staining distribution that is characterized by intense staining around the periphery of the ZP and the oolemma and less dense staining throughout the width of the ZP. In dog follicles that contained multiple oocytes, there were oocytes of identical and dissimilar stages. Cat ovarian sections showed uniform staining of the ZP. Horse results showed uniform staining of ZP and ooplasm, and granulosa cells (GC). Elephant sections showed staining of the ZP with dense staining at the oolemma, as well as staining of the ooplasm. In all species the staining of the ZP was not evident until GC differentiation. In all cases there was no staining of ovarian tissue with control normal rabbit serum. Specific staining patterns of ZP were evaluated by TEM and immunogold staining. The immunogold-linked anti-pZP antibodies stained the ZP matrix in all species. There was staining of ooplasm organelles suggesting that ZP secretion originates from the oocyte of the dog and cat. In addition, follicular and ZP measurements were taken that allowed accurate characterization of follicle stage. These findings suggest that in all four species the ZP is recognized by anti-pZP antibodies and there is also evidence to suggest the possible origins of ZP glycoproteins.
Guidelines in selecting ligand concentrations for the determination of binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis

Abstract This study examined various factors that affect the selection of ligand concentrations when using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) for the determination of equilibrium constants in free solution. Two groups of model systems were used in this work: the binding of nitrophenols to α- or β-cyclodextrin and the binding of d - or l -tryptophan to human serum albumin (HSA). Both systems gave 1:1 binding behavior in the ACE studies and good fits to previous equations derived to describe the shift in analyte mobility that occurs as the ligand concentration of the running buffer is varied. Some practical factors limiting the range of ligand levels that could be used in such studies included the relative amount of injected analyte, ligand solubility and the ligand's background signal. More fundamental factors included the size of the equilibrium constant for the system being investigated, the relative range of mobilities over which the analyte peak might be observed, the precision of the mobility measurements and the number of analytes present in the sample. Equations and graphs were developed for illustrating each of these latter items and their role in determining the range of ligand concentrations that could be used in ACE binding constant measurements. The results predicted by these equations and graphs showed good agreement with those observed experimentally, and should prove useful in optimizing ACE conditions for other solutes and ligands.
Illicit Drug Availability Effects of a Local Law Enforcement Program

The effect of a local drug enforcement program on the availability of illicit drugs is evaluated. Using a variety of data-collection techniques, change in drug availability is measured and linked to the direct outputs of the enforcement program. Factors other than the program that might have caused changes in availability are considered.
A randomized trial comparison of the effects of verbal and pictorial naturalistic communication strategies on spoken language for young children with autism.

Presently there is no consensus on the specific behavioral treatment of choice for targeting language in young nonverbal children with autism. This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of a verbally-based intervention, Pivotal Response Training (PRT) to a pictorially-based behavioral intervention, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on the acquisition of spoken language by young (2–4 years), nonverbal or minimally verbal (≤9 words) children with autism. Thirty-nine children were randomly assigned to either the PRT or PECS condition. Participants received on average 247 h of intervention across 23 weeks. Dependent measures included overall communication, expressive vocabulary, pictorial communication and parent satisfaction. Children in both intervention groups demonstrated increases in spoken language skills, with no significant difference between the two conditions. Seventy-eight percent of all children exited the program with more than 10 functional words. Parents were very satisfied with both programs but indicated PECS was more difficult to implement.
A characterization of chromium doped GaAs substrates using photo-induced transient spectroscopy

Abstract Using Photo-Induced Transient Spectroscopy (PITS), we have been able to detect a variety of deep levels in semi-insulating GaAs:Cr bulk material. By correlating with our own previously reported Hall measurements, we have identified two specific peaks which can be used to rapidly characterize chromium-doped samples from a single PITS scan.
Discussion of the Conference

mental theories of Jean Piaget, with experimental studies of concept formation in children, with the child's acquisition of a first language, and with the child's acquisition of mathematical concepts. The reports of these conferences either have appeared (Kessen and Kuhlman 1962, Wright and Kagan 1963) or will appear as Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. The earlier conferences have been devoted to one sort of comparative study of cognition, and this conference has been devoted to another sort. Both trans-cultural studies and trans-age-group studies are, on one level, extremely easy to conceive. When a graduate student in psychology is asked at his doctoral orals: "What research would you like to do next?" the routine answer is: "I think it [the procedure of the dissertation] should be tried with children" or "cross-culturally." Or it might be tried with schizophrenics or with working-class respondents or with Planaria. The matrix of comparative studies that is created by arraying the methods of behavior science against the respondent populations of behavior science is a large one; there are empty cells for all of us. There are so many empty cells, in fact, that an investigator must wish for some reason to prefer one over another. A good many comparative studies, developmental as well as cross-cultural, are guided by the kind of reasoning that is designated "Type I" in Strodtbeck's paper in this volume. In the Type I transcultural study the investigator thinks of the culture as a kind of laboratory treatment providing him with a group for the testing of a general proposition from behavior science. In the Type I developmental study, children of a certain age are useful for research because they have not yet had the conventional treatment of being taught explicit grammar, or the rules of visual perspective, or ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes the simple freedom from conventional training qualifies a group of
Tuberculous mediastinal mass presenting with stridor in a 3-month-old child.

A 3-month-old boy with a history of intermittent stridor was found to have obstructive emphysema on chest x-ray. Further investigations found a mediastinal mass compressing the carina and left mainstem bronchus. The mass was excised and found to be of tuberculous origin.
Oncologic outcomes of extravesical stapling of distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and oncologic efficacy of extravesical laparoscopic stapling of the distal ureter and bladder cuff during nephroureterectomy for pelvicaliceal transitional-cell carc...
Telepaque - The ubiquitous contrast

An unusual case of cholecystographic contrast material outlining a fistulous tract from the duodenum to an aortic graft is presented.
Blessed fetishism: Language ideology and embodied worship among Pentecostals in Java

A prominent trend of late Christianity has been a cultivation of ‘unmediated’ inspiration realised in embodied worship, notably glossolalia, ecstasy and verbal exuberance. Speaking unfathomable language and embracing spontaneous feelings, Pentecostals in Java have relied on and reworked local language ideologies by passionately employing both the babbling and yelling forms of code-switching in Indonesian, English, Hebrew and glossolalia, in an aspiration to achieve ‘true worshiper-hood’. A closer scrutiny of some elements of this embodied worship against the larger religiously heterogeneous context, furthermore, reveals the salient impacts of cross-religious relations on the process of shaping Pentecostal Christianity. This article argues that specific forms of Pentecostal worship can be better understood when situated in Muslim–Christian relations. Specifically, they speak to a thriving form of religious fetishism that is locally primed for a distinct voice out of the flourishing movements of Islamic res...
Neural elements in the cruciate ligaments and menisci of the knee joint of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis.

Knee joints from adult, juvenile, hatchling, and embryonic (full term) American alligators were dissected to reveal the cruciate ligaments and the medial and lateral menisci. Two anterior cruciate (major and minor), a posterior cruciate, an intermeniscal, and a meniscofemoral ligament were identified. In addition, we found a fourth internal ligament which has not been reported previously. Menisci and ligaments from left knees were fixed in formalin and processed for routine histological observation. Those from right knees were stained in bulk by using a gold chloride method and were either frozen and sectioned at 100 mm on a sliding microtome or were processed for paraffin sections at 30 mm. The morphology of the collagenous, cartilaginous, and vascular constituents of the tissues was similar to that of the dog, cat, and human. Nerve fibers were observed in all tissues sampled. Structures resembling Golgi tendon organs and Pacinian corpuscles were identified, reinforcing the theory that neural elements within cruciate ligaments and menisci may provide afferent input that affects the function of the knee joint.
Reversal of debrancher deficiency myopathy by the use of high-protein nutrition

A child with debrancher deficiency presented with myopathy, recurrent hypoglycemia, and growth failure. Evidence for enhanced gluconeogenesis was demonstrated by low postabsorptive gluconeogenic plasma amino acids, a marked fall in alanine during fasting, and a substantial rise in plasma glucose following protein ingestion. The patient was treated with high-protein nocturnal intragastric therapy, which resulted in marked improvement in exercise tolerance, muscle strength and mass, electromyographic findings, and growth.
Revolution downeast: The war for American independence in Maine

In the late 18th century, the area that would become the state of Maine was still part of Massachusetts - a colony of a colony within the sprawling British Empire. This account of the Revolution "downeast" is the story of a people initially too preoccupied with day-to-day survival to pay much attention to the rising temper of imperial controversy. When war did erupt, many Maine colonists hoped that their geographical isolation and the presence of native tribes - many of which were long-standing British foes - would protect them from royal forces in nearby Nova Scotia. But this was not to be. Soon enemy privateers plundered the region's coastal settlements and shipping, and in 1779 the British established a base at the mouth of the Penobscot River. Heartened by the British presence, local loyalists sprang into action and transformed a revolution into a bitter civil war. For Maine, as for many other areas of the rebelling colonies, the struggle with England proved to be a divisive ordeal that heightened pre-war social, economic, and political differences. James S. Leamon discusses Maine's revolutionary experience in the context of other regions of conflict - Georgia, Long Island, Maryland's Delmarva Peninsula, and the Carolina back country - where disrupted economies, British incursions, guerrilla warfare, and shifting loyalties defined the Revolution.
Political Incongruity between Students’ Ideological Identity and Stance on Specific Public Policies in a Predominantly White Southeastern State Institution

The study determined whether or not a predominantly Caucasian sample (N = 187) attending a southeastern state’s major public university embraced political policies consistent with their self-identified political ideology. The findings showed that the highest percentage of students identified with a conservative ideology and that a much lower percentage identified with a liberal ideology. Nonetheless, students approved of more liberal policies than conservative ones. These findings suggest that southern students are likely to be more open to examining the pros and cons of sociopolitical policies than to comparing the merits of political ideologies.
Assessing the Contribution of Anadromous Herring to Largemouth Bass Growth

Abstract Juvenile anadromous river herring (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) spend the first 3 to 7 months of life in headwater lakes of coastal systems. Systems that support herring often produce trophy largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Even though biologists, managers, and anglers have speculated about the value of anadromous herring as a key prey for resident predators, the contribution that herring make to the diets of these predators has not been assessed. Herein, we quantified largemouth bass diets in two coastal lakes, Santuit and Coonamessett ponds, that contained anadromous herring, and we used bioenergetics modeling to evaluate the importance of herring prey to largemouth bass growth. During May through November 1994, largemouth bass diets consisted of various fish species, crayfish, and other invertebrates. Although not the most important prey overall, herring were the most important fish prey consumed in both lakes based on number of individuals consumed. I...
THE INFLUENCE OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON FILM CHARACTERISTICS OF EKTASPEED PLUS AND ULTRA-SPEED FILMS

ABSTRACT Background Dental professionals were reluctant to accept Ektaspeed (Eastman Kodak Co.) intraoral film despite its X-radiation dose-sparing advantages for patients. One reason may have been Ektaspeed film's known sensitivity to long-term storage as compared with that of Ultra-speed film (Eastman Kodak Co.). In 1995, Kodak replaced Ektaspeed with Ektaspeed Plus, claiming it had better resolution and higher stability than Ektaspeed, as well as equal exposure radiation. The authors compared film response to storage condition and time for Ultra-speed and Ektaspeed Plus films. Methods The authors stored 10 boxes of newly produced Ultra-speed and Ektaspeed Plus film in five locations. They conducted 23 image trials over a 26-month period, exposing each film with an aluminum step-wedge under controlled conditions. After processing the film, they measured density to calculate the film's base + fog and contrast index values. Results The authors found significant differences in film type ( P = .0002), processing status ( P P P P P = .3271). Regression lines suggested that the optical density of base + fog levels rose more steeply for Ultra-speed film than they did for Ektaspeed Plus film. A significant association of decreasing contrast with increasing months of storage was seen with Ultra-speed film ( P Conclusion Ektaspeed Plus film compared favorably with Ultra-speed film under all conditions. Clinical Implications The authors recommend the use of Ektaspeed Plus film for intraoral imaging, as its performance is comparable to that of Ultra-speed film while requiring half the X-radiation exposure to patients. Clinicians must ensure that the correct safelights and processing solutions are used before switching to the new film.
A bench test evaluation of a neonatal closed tracheal suction system.

We tested the hypothesis that a possible mechanism for reduced hypoxia during suctioning with closed tracheal suction systems (CTSS) is the provision of uninterrupted gas delivery and the maintenance of airway pressures. This was accomplished by using a neonatal ventilator and test lung model to permit the insertion of a CTSS (with and without suction applied), measurements of inspiratory and end-expiratory airway pressures proximal and distal to the endotracheal tube (ETT) and measurements of inspired and expired tidal volumes (sampled distal to the ETT). An 8 Fr CTSS was evaluated with 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5 mm ETT, and a 6 Fr CTSS with a 3.5, 3.0, and 2.5 mm ETT. We found that catheter placement without suction caused no changes in proximal airway pressures but distal peak inspiratory pressures decreased as the relationship between suction catheter size and ETT lumen increased, while distal end-expiratory pressures were unchanged. Similarly, distal tidal volumes progressively decreased as the size of the suction catheter occupied more of the ETT lumen. During suctioning with the 6 Fr catheter, proximal airway pressures were virtually unchanged; however, as ETT size decreased, distal airway pressures also decreased. The application of suction only modestly augmented the substantial decrement in measured tidal volumes when compared to catheter insertion alone. For the 8 Fr catheter, suction markedly reduced both proximal and distal airway pressures and tidal volumes. We conclude that the use of the CTSS tested in this neonatal ventilator/test lung model does not preserve continuity of volume or pressure delivery during suction procedures; therefore these cannot be the sole explanation for the reported reduction in suction related hypoxia. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Qualitative immediacy and the communicative act

“Qualitative immediacy” (also termed “quality” in its philosophical sense and “esthetic quality”) is of fundamental importance within the pragmatic conception of meaning as interpretive act, and yet it has been virtually ignored by social scientists. The concept is traced through its foundations in Peirce's philosophy, its development in Dewey's theory of esthetic experience, and its relation to the general pragmatic conception of the self. The importance of the “I” in Mead's view of the self is seen as similar to Firstness in Peirce and esthetic experience in Dewey. Those turning to qualitative approaches ought to consider qualitative immediacy as a genuine addition to our understanding of human communication.
Paleomagnetism of Tertiary intrusive and volcaniclastic rocks of the Cerrillos Hills and surrounding region, Espanola Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A.: Assessment and implications of vertical-axis rotations associated with extension of the Rio Grande rift

Paleomagnetic data from parts of the northern Rio Grande rift provide evidence for clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) vertical-axis block rotations associated with strike-slip deformation along basin-bounding faults during rift evolution. Despite the spatial consistency of the results, the quality and statistical significance of data sets are difficult to evaluate because of small sample size and potential failure to average secular variation. To understand the extent, importance, and origin of such rotations, we report paleomagnetic data from Tertiary intrusive and volcaniclastic rocks in the Cerrillos Hills and surrounding areas in the Espanola Basin. Paleomagnetic data from in situ Tertiary intrusions and tilt-corrected volcaniclastic strata of the Oligocene Espinaso Formation sampled at four localities yield a grand mean of declination = 342.9° and inclination = 58.3° (α 95 = 3.5°; N = 32 sites of normal polarity/21 reverse). Correction for minor postemplacement tilt of the Cerrillos Hills and La Cienega data sets yields a grand mean (declination = 349.5°, inclination = 55.3°, α 95 = 3.4°) that is indistinguishable from the 30 Ma reference direction for the study area, and there is no evidence of rotation (R = 1.8° ± 6.4°). However, if an alternative reference direction is used, minor CCW rotation (−6.6° ± 5.8°) is possible. Our data suggest that the magnitude of rotation in the Espanola Basin is significantly less than previously estimated and may be negligible. Regardless, paleomagnetic data from elsewhere in the basin suggest that CCW rotations may be an important component of recent rift extension and deformation.
Of Music, Magdalenes, and Metanoia in The Awakening Conscience

A great deal has been written about William Holman Hunt’s 1853 painting The Awakening Conscience. The painting’s critics span time, place, and ideology, and include writers as divergent as John Ruskin—an early champion of Hunt’s work—and Richard Leppert, who called the painting “an economic scandal as well as an ethical one.” The Awakening Conscience shows a “fallen” woman in the act of rising from the lap of her lover, as he sings Thomas Moore’s ballad “Oft in the Stilly Night” while accompanying himself on the piano. In the act of hearing a parlor song, the woman experiences a profound change of heart. The Awakening Conscience can be read in the context of images of metanoia—or transformation—that involve or allude to music, especially in Renaissance paintings of Saint Cecilia and Mary Magdalene, two saints who traditionally were associated both with music and with profound changes of heart. For John Stewart Allitt
Modeling Volume Changes in Porous Electrodes

A three-dimensional mathematical model is presented to describe volume changes in porous electrodes occurring during operation. Material conservation equations are used to derive governing relationships between electrode dimensions and porosity for deposition/precipitation, intercalation, and ionomer-based electrodes. By introducing a parameter, called the swelling coefficient, the relative magnitudes of the change in electrode dimensions and the change in porosity are determined. The swelling coefficient is design-dependent and measured experimentally for a given cell design. The model is general and forms a critical addition required to extend the existing porous electrode models to include volume change effects. For the special case of uniform reaction distribution, analytical solutions are presented and used to illustrate the effect of volume changes in porous electrodes.
Primary care physician smoking screening and counseling for patients with chronic disease

Abstract Background Evidence-based guidelines recommend smoking cessation treatment, including screening and counseling, for all smokers, including those with chronic diseases exacerbated by smoking. Physician treatment improves smoking cessation. Little data describes smoking treatment guideline uptake for patients with chronic cardiopulmonary smoking-sensitive diseases. Objective Describe U.S. primary care physician (PCP) smoking cessation treatment during patient visits for chronic cardiopulmonary smoking-sensitive diseases. Methods The National (Hospital) Ambulatory Medical Care Survey captured PCP visits. We examined smoking screening and counseling time trends for smokers with chronic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with smoking counseling for smokers with chronic smoking-sensitive diseases. Results From 2001–2009 smoking screening and counseling for smokers with chronic smoking-sensitive cardiopulmonary diseases were unchanged. Among smokers with chronic smoking-sensitive diseases, 50%–72% received no counseling. Smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (odds ratio (OR) = 6.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.85–8.83) and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 4.50, 95% CI 1.72–11.75) were more likely to receive smoking counseling at chronic/preventive care visits, compared with patients without smoking-sensitive diseases. Other factors associated with increased smoking counseling included non-private insurance, preventive and longer visits, and an established PCP. Asthma and cardiovascular disease showed no association with counseling. Conclusions Smoking cessation counseling remains infrequent for smokers with chronic smoking-sensitive cardiopulmonary diseases. New strategies are needed to encourage smoking cessation counseling.
Fibred quadratic polynomials can admit two attracting invariant curves

We present an example of a fibred quadratic polynomial admitting two attracting invariant curves. This phenomena cannot occur in the non-fibred setting.
Phosphorylation of the Cool-1/β-Pix Protein Serves as a Regulatory Signal for the Migration and Invasive Activity of Src-transformed Cells

Previously we showed that Cool-1 (Cloned out of library-1)/β-Pix (Pak-interactive exchange factor) is phosphorylated at a specific tyrosine residue (Tyr-442) in a Src-dependent manner and serves as a dual function guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)/signaling-effector for Cdc42 that is essential for transformation by Src. Here, we show that knocking-down Cool-1 or overexpressing a Cool-1 mutant that contains substitutions within its Dbl homology domain and is defective for GEF activity, inhibits Src-promoted cell migration. Similarly, the expression of a Cool-1 mutant containing a tyrosine to phenylalanine substitution at position 442, making it incapable of being phosphorylated in response to serum, epidermal growth factor (EGF), or Src, also causes a significant inhibition of the migration and invasive activity of cells expressing oncogenic Src. We further demonstrate that the phosphorylation of Cool-1 at Tyr-442 weakens its ability to bind to one of its primary interaction-partners, Cat-1 (Cool-associated tyrosine phosphosubstrate-1)/Git-1 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor-1), thus making Cat more accessible for binding to paxillin. This enables cells to alternate between states where they contain large numbers of focal complexes (i.e. conditions favoring Cool-1-Cat interactions) versus reduced numbers of focal complexes (conditions favoring Cat-paxillin interactions). Overall, these findings show that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of Cool-1 at Tyr-442 can serve as a key regulatory signal for focal complex assembly-disassembly, and consequently, for the migration and invasive activity of Src-transformed cells.
Measles, killer of millions in developing countries: strategy for rapid elimination and continuing control.

Measles, which is still killing about two million children a year in poor countries, was mostly eliminated within two to three months after the conclusion of a special, national mass vaccination campaign in which all children of a selected age group received measles vaccine subcutaneously during a period of days to months, regardless of a history of previous vaccination or measles. This strategy was tested in the Dominican Republic in 1985, in Cuba in 1986-87, and in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil May 11-June 10, 1987. Subsequent control was maintained by different procedures in the three states. A simple, rapid indirect immunofluorescent test for IgM measles antibody, used in Greater Sao Paulo, was more efficient in confirming concurrent infection with measles virus than the hemagglutination inhibition test for IgG antibody, and only one blood specimen taken during the course of the rash was needed to confirm the etiologic diagnosis in 97.5% of 240 cases confirmed by IgM. In Greater Sao Paulo and Cuba, it was found that over 90% of the small number of suspect measles cases reported during the first year after the mass campaign, were not caused by measles virus. The cost of disposable syringes and needles in the State of Sao Paulo, where 8,565,230 children were vaccinated in 10,527 centers in 30 days, was U.S. $2,057,753 or 63% of the total. Immunization by aerosol could have vaccinated this number of children more easily and effectively in one day if each of the vaccination centers had been supplied with one plastic foot or hand pressure pump and nebulizer at a cost of only about U.S. $300,000.