cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phaeohyphomycotic ependymitis in a cat.

4. Hulland TJ: 1993, Muscle and tendon. In: Pathology of domestic animals, ed. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, 4th ed., vol. 1, pp. 253–255. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 5. La Rosa G, Pozio E, Rossi P, et al.: 1992, Allozyme analysis of Trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions. J Parasitol 78:641–646. 6. McAuley JB, Michelson MK, Schantz PM: 1991, Trichinosis surveillance, United States, 1987–1990. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 40:SS3, 35–42. 7. Meyer MC, Olsen OW: 1975, Order Trichinellidae. In: Essentials of parasitology, pp. 178–182. William C Brown, Dubuque, IA. 8. Pozio E, La Rosa G, Murrell D, et al.: 1992, Taxonomic revision of the genus Trichinella. J Parasitol 78:654–659. 9. Restucci B, De Vico G, Maiolino P, et al.: 1991, Rare case of a palpebral melanoma associated with trichinellosis in a dog. Acta Med Vet 37:107–112. 10. Simaskos N, Palaiologos Y, Eliopoulos PN: 1992, Trichinosis and cancer of the larynx. J Laryngol Otol 106:171–172. 11. Stebbins KE, Morse CC, Goldschmidt MH: 1989, Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year study. Vet Pathol 26:121–128. 12. Wright KA: 1979, Trichinella spiralis: an intracellular parasite in the intestinal phase. J Parasitol 65:441–445.
The effect of cholera toxin on the release of phosphate by intestinal cell membranes.

Abstract The capacity of ileal mucosal cell membranes to effect phosphate release was examined. In the presence of optimal concentrations of adenosine triphosphate or guanosine triphosphate and magnesium, cholera toxin rapidly enhanced the release of phosphate; a lag or slow activation period was not observed. The enhancement of phosphate release by cholera toxin was dose-dependent, and did not appear to involve an increased utilization of adenosine triphosphate. The release of phosphate by cell membranes was stable for 4 weeks when stored at −80°C. The use of effectors to modify enzymatic activities in cell membrane preparations suggested that membrane bound adenylate cyclase and adenosine triphosphatase were not essential for phosphate release.
Quantum efficiency of silicon in the vacuum ultraviolet.

Quantum efficiency of silicon measured from photoresponse of silicon surface-barrier photodiodes in vacuum ultraviolet
Directional Atherectomy of Complex Coronary Disease: Lesion Specific Outcomes and Treatment Strategies

Complex coronary disease may be defined as a disease in which one or more morphological features are present that are known to be associated with an increased risk of complications during angioplasty. Directional coronary atherectomy may be useful in treating such complex lesions. We review our experiences with complex coronary lesions treated with directional coronary atherectomy. Outcome data are presented within the context of the reported literature, and strategies for approaching complex disease with directional atherectomy are suggested. (J Interven Cardiol 1996;9:135–144)
Reconstruction of binary and gray-scale images from mid-crack code descriptions

Abstract The chain code is a widely-used description for a contour image. Recently, a mid-crack code algorithm has been proposed as another more precise method for image representation. A simple and fast algorithm for the restoration of binary images based on mid-crack codes description is presented in this paper. The algorithm developed has the advantages of speed, simplicity, and less storage. The algorithm also can be applied to gray-scale images with multiple regions efficiently.
Teaching teamwork: exploring the use of cooperative learning teams in information systems education

The business world continues to change at a tremendous rate. We in the information systems field contribute to this rate of change and at the same time try to keep up with it. While the content in our field changes constantly, the way in which we attempt to educate our students (pedagogy) has not changed for some time. One way to change how we teach our students is through the use of alternative pedagogical models, such as the cooperative learning model. Cooperative learning is defined as "… the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other's learning" (Johnson, Johnson, and Smith 1991a; p. 3). This paper presents an overview of the cooperative learning model, two examples of the model in use, and an exploratory assessment of the model. Additionally, limitations of this study, and recommendations for future research and for practice are provided.
An expert system to derive carryover effect for pharmaceutical sales detailing optimization

Most pharmaceutical companies that rely heavily on their sales force for success do not fully understand the effect of details made in previous quarters have on the current quarter, which is also known as the carryover effect. This paper proposes an expert system that utilizes neural networks with nonlinear programming to accurately derive the carryover effect at the customer level. Results suggest that using this adaptive and easy-to-implement expert system helped a firm increase its sales by 3.4% while reducing its sales force expenditure by 8.9%, compared to the control group. The implications of this approach are considered.
Water saturation shift referencing (WASSR) for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experiments.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a contrast mechanism exploiting exchange-based magnetization transfer (MT) between solute and water protons. CEST effects compete with direct water saturation and conventional MT processes and generally can only be quantified through an asymmetry analysis of the water saturation spectrum (Z-spectrum) with respect to the water frequency, a process that is exquisitely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Here, it is shown that direct water saturation imaging allows measurement of the absolute water frequency in each voxel, allowing proper centering of Z-spectra on a voxel-by-voxel basis independent of spatial B0 field variations. Optimal acquisition parameters for this “water saturation shift referencing” or “WASSR” approach were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations and later confirmed experimentally. The optimal ratio of the WASSR sweep width to the linewidth of the direct saturation curve was found to be 3.3–4.0, requiring a sampling of 16–32 points. The frequency error was smaller than 1 Hz at signal to noise ratios of 40 or higher. The WASSR method was applied to study glycogen, where the chemical shift difference between the hydroxyl (OH) protons and bulk water protons at 3T is so small (0.75–1.25 ppm) that the CEST spectrum is inconclusive without proper referencing.
Replace ‘The Vanishing Trial’ with more helpful myths

Bemoaning the decline in the number of trials in the nation's justice system isn't productive, contends John Lande, of Columbia, Mo. He describes why “The Phenomenon Known as the Vanishing Trial” fails to recognize dispute resolution efforts.
Separation of NADH-fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in Trypanosoma cruzi

A recent review suggested that the activity of NADH-fumarate reductase from trypanosomatids could be catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase working in reverse (Tielens and van Hellemond, Parasitol. Today 14, 265–271, 1999). The results reported in this study demonstrate that the two activities can easily be separated without any loss in either activity, suggesting that fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase are separate enzymes.
Intravenous iodin in preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism

Abstract Observations on the effect of the intravenous administration of large amounts of sodium iodide in cases of hyperthyroidism are recorded. In a group of 20 cases reported in detail an average of 2.98 gms. of sodium iodide was given in forty-eight hours. There was a decrease in the metabolic rate averaging 54.5 per cent of the pre-iodin level in 3.3 days. Clinical improvement consistent with this drop in metabolism was noted. The iodin remission secured in this way is the same as that observed when iodin is administered orally over a longer period of time. The efficacy of this form of treatment in cases of storm and those with gastrointestinal symptoms is discussed.
A review of the Stanford Mark III infrared FEL program

Abstract The performance of the Mark III infrared FEL with a new microwave gun will be reviewed. Operation of the accelerator is now close to design values. The Mark III has provided over 2000 hours of laser time to experiments in FEL physics, materials science and medical physics. Highlights of the experimental program will be presented and the new facility at Duke will be described.
A TEM study of the incommensurate modulated structure in Sr2CuO3 + δ superconductor synthesized under high pressure A. Evolution of the incommensurate modulated structure and the electronic structure with post-heat treatment

Abstract Transmission electron imaging, diffraction and spectroscopy techniques are utilized to study the changes in modulated structure and aspects of electronic structure of the high oxygen pressure synthesized superconductor: Sr 2 CuO 3+δ . The presence of an incommensurate modulated superstructure in Sr 2 CuO 3+δ and its dependence on post-annealing treatment is documented. Transmission EELS indicates that there is a high density of states near the Fermi surface for the modulated phase in as-made ( T c = 70 K) and optimally treated ( T c = 94 K) specimens, while there is a low density of states near the Fermi surface for over-treated samples with T c = 0 K.
Detection of waterborne parasites using field-portable and cost-effective lensfree microscopy.

Protection of human health and well-being through water quality management is an important goal for both the developed and the developing parts of the world. In the meantime, insufficient disinfection techniques still fail to eliminate pathogenic contaminants in freshwater as well as recreational water resources. Therefore, there is a significant need for screening of water quality to prevent waterborne outbreaks and incidents of water-related diseases. Toward this end, here we investigate the use of a field-portable and cost-effective lensfree holographic microscope to image and detect pathogenic protozoan parasites such as Giardia Lamblia and Cryptosporidium Parvum at low concentration levels. This compact lensless microscope (O. Mudanyali et al., Lab Chip, 2010, 10, 1417–1428), weighing ∼46 grams, achieves a numerical aperture of ∼0.1–0.2 over an imaging field of view that is more than an order of magnitude larger than a typical 10X objective lens, and therefore may provide an important high-throughput analysis tool for combating waterborne diseases especially in resource limited settings.
Classifying vortices in S=3 Bose-Einstein condensates

Motivated by the recent realization of a 52Cr Bose-Einstein condensate, we consider the phase diagram of a general spin-three condensate as a function of its scattering lengths. We classify each phase according to its reciprocal spinor, using a method developed in a previous work. We show that such a classification can be naturally extended to describe the vortices for a spinor condensate by using the topological theory of defects. To illustrate, we systematically describe the types of vortex excitations for each phase of the spin-three condensate.
Numeric calculation of turbulent diffusion

A simple, flexible method involving a random number generator is given for simulating time dependent dispersion. The diffusion is simulated by letting a series of particles move with the local mean wind plus random fluctuations of this wind. This simulation method is not greatly complicated by introduction of horizontal and vertical shear, buoyancy, or anisotropic turbulence, and generally requires less computer time and storage than needed for finite difference computations of comparable accuracy over a network of fixed grid points. Solutions of particular cases compare well with known solutions.
Development of Vertically Integrated Circuits for ILC Vertex Detectors

We report on studies of vertically interconnected electronics (3D) performed by the Fermilab pixel group over the past two years. These studies include exploration of interconnect technology, backside thinning and laser annealing, the production of the first 3D chip for particle physics, the VIP, and plans for a commercial two-tier 3D fabrication run.
Influenza virus infection in the hamster; a study of inapparent virus infection and virus adaptation.

A study of influenza virus infection in the hamster has yielded the following results: 1. Two influenza A strains (Ga. 47 and PR8) multiplied readily in the hamster lung, although no lung lesions were produced during six serial passages. On further passage both viruses abruptly acquired the capacity to produce pulmonary consolidation and death of the animals. 2. Extracts of the lungs during the early passages contained complement-fixing antigen and infectious virus, as revealed by titration in mice and embryonated eggs. Agglutinins for chicken, human, and guinea pig red cells, however, were not demonstrable at this time. With further passage a close correlation was observed between the capacity of the virus to produce lung lesions in the hamster and to agglutinate mammalian types of red cells. In addition, quantitative changes in the virus population were demonstrated in the lung extracts by complement fixation tests and titrations in mice and eggs. 3. Incubation at 37°C. was effective in bringing out agglutinins in high titer for chicken red cells in lung extracts, which originally failed to agglutinate chicken cells but agglutinated mammalian red cells. This method did not increase the titers of mammalian cell agglutinins. 4. The body temperature of the hamster was found to decrease within 1 to 4 days after inoculation of influenza virus. In the early passages the temperature returned to normal within 24 hours, but with the development of the pathogenic strain of virus the temperature remained at subnormal levels until death. 5. The Lee strain of influenza B virus produced pulmonary lesions in the hamster on the first passage and no increase in pathogenicity of the virus occurred during eleven serial passages. Virus was demonstrable in extracts of the lungs by all the methods used and no difference was observed in its capacity to agglutinate fowl and mammalian types of red cells. The implications of these findings are considered briefly in the discussion.
Physicians' incomes under health reform: psychiatrists' dilemma.

(1994). Physicians' Incomes under Health Reform: Psychiatrists' Dilemma. Harvard Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 113-114.
A Deployed Quantal Response-Based Patrol Planning System for the U.S. Coast Guard

In this paper, we describe the model, theory developed, and deployment of PROTECT, a game-theoretic system that the United States Coast Guard USCG uses to schedule patrols in the Port of Boston. The USCG evaluated PROTECT's deployment in the Port of Boston as a success and is currently evaluating the system in the Port of New York, with the potential for nationwide deployment. PROTECT is premised on an attacker-defender Stackelberg game model; however, its development and implementation required both theoretical contributions and detailed evaluations. We describe the work required in the deployment, which we group into five key innovations. First, we propose a compact representation of the defender's strategy space by exploiting equivalence and dominance, to make PROTECT efficient enough to solve real-world sized problems. Second, this system does not assume that adversaries are perfectly rational, a typical assumption in previous game-theoretic models for security. Instead, PROTECT relies on a quantal response QR model of the adversary's behavior. We believe this is the first real-world deployment of a QR model. Third, we develop specialized solution algorithms that can solve this problem for real-world instances and give theoretical guarantees. Fourth, our experimental results illustrate that PROTECT's QR model handles real-world uncertainties more robustly than a perfect-rationality model. Finally, we present 1 a comparison of human-generated and PROTECT security schedules, and 2 results of an evaluation of PROTECT from an analysis by human mock attackers.
Solving the Region Growing Problem on the Connection Machine

This paper presents a parallel algorithm for solving the region growing problem based on the split and merge approach. The algorithm was implemented on the CM-2 and the CM-5 in the data parallel and message passing models. The performance of these implementations is examined and compared.
Letter to the Editor---Applicability of the Lognormal Distribution to Servicing Times in Congestion Problems

This note is to call attention to the applicability of the logarithmic normal distribution [1] in queuing problems where the customary negative exponential gives a poor fit to measured servicing times. A recent example from the literature is the study made by Brigham [2] of the congestion at tool cribs in an aircraft factory. Table I shows data taken from Figs 1 and 2 of his paper together with the lognormally and exponentially fitted values. The exponential fits were obtained from Brigham's paper while the lognormal points were determined from the best straight line fitted to the data plotted on logarithmic probability paper. When a good fit is obtained over the entire range, this crude procedure yields better than 1 per cent accuracy. For a more accurate method based on iterative procedures the reader is referred to Aitchison and Brown's book on the subject [3].
Effects of Biosolid Soil Amendment on Heterodera glycines Populations.

The high degree of parasitic variability in Heterodera glycines and its distribution in a wide range of soybean production systems present multiple challenges for management, which necessitate increased understanding of the biology of H. glycines. Soil amendments are being considered either as stand-alone and/or as part of integrated management approaches. A recycled municipal biosolid with nutrition supplement and liming qualities, N-Viro Soil (NVS) has potential as a multi-purpose soil amendment. In three greenhouse experiments, the effects of 0, 1.0 or 4.0 g NVS/100 cm3 of sandy loam soil on three H. glycines populations (GN1, GN2 and GN3) were investigated on soybean grown for 557 n 68 degree-days (base 10oC). The response of the three H. glycines populations to NVS treatment varied by experiment. The overall numbers of preadult stages and cysts generally decreased with increasing levels of NVS in all experiments, and the high rate was more effective than the low rate in suppressing H. glycines numbers. This suggests that the high NVS treatment can affect the three populations in the experimental soil type under controlled conditions. Field studies to determine efficacy of the soil amendment in a wide range of environments should be initiated.
The association between gout and nephrolithiasis in men: The Health Professionals' Follow-Up study

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis in men: The Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Approximately 10 million adults in the United States have experienced the passage of a kidney stone, and up to 5 million have been diagnosed with gout by a physician. Previous reports have suggested that gout increases the risk for the development of kidney stones, but there are no prospective data. We used data from a cohort of 51,529 male health care professionals to examine the independent association between gout and kidney stone disease. In a cross-sectional analysis of gout and kidney stone disease reported on the 1986 baseline questionnaire, the prevalence of kidney stone disease was almost twofold higher in men with history of gout compared to those without (15% vs. 8%). After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), a history of gout remained significantly associated with kidney stone disease (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.11). We then prospectively examined the risk of incident kidney stones in men with and without a confirmed diagnosis of gout after excluding men who reported a history of kidney stone disease or gout on the baseline questionnaire. A confirmed diagnosis of gout increased the multivariate relative risk of incident kidney stones (RR 2.12; 95% CI 1.22 to 3.68). In contrast, a history of kidney stone disease was not associated with increased risk of gout (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.54 to 2.07). In conclusion, a history of gout independently increases the risk for incident kidney stones in men. Physicians should provide dietary counseling, such as increasing fluid intake and decreasing salt consumption, to subjects with gout in addition to other risk factors, such as family history of kidney stones, in order to decrease the likelihood of stone formation.
Local Optimization Approaches to Solve Dynamic Commercial Fleet Management Problems

Strategies are presented that a dispatcher may use to take advantage of real-time information to manage a fleet of trucks to provide truckload pickup-and-delivery service under time windows for service and computing time constraints. These strategies are hybrid in that they combine very efficient dynamic local heuristic rules for quick initial assignment, with formal optimization-based procedures for subsequent load reassignment decisions within the time requirements of the dynamic problem. Simulation experiments were performed to test these strategies under alternative specifications and parameter values. In the first stage, the acceptance decision and initial schedule of trucks were determined so as to respond rapidly to incoming customer requests for service. Then, some time is allowed to improve the schedule of trucks by swapping the assigned loads using local optimization at the reassignment stage. Two strategies are described to control the computation time of the reassignment optimization problem by controlling the problem size. The simulation results confirm the significant potential for reassignment strategies under real-time information to improve system performance and suggest that considerable improvement is attainable even under restricted problem formulations.
A Multiproduct Dynamic Pricing Problem and Its Applications to Network Yield Management

A firm has inventories of a set of components that are used to produce a set of products. There is a finite horizon over which the firm can sell its products. Demand for each product is a stochastic point process with an intensity that is a function of the vector of prices for the products and the time at which these prices are offered. The problem is to price the finished products so as to maximize total expected revenue over the finite sales horizon. An upper bound on the optimal expected revenue is established by analyzing a deterministic version of the problem. The solution to the deterministic problem suggests two heuristics for the stochastic problem that are shown to be asymptotically optimal as the expected sales volume tends to infinity. Several applications of the model to network yield management are given. Numerical examples illustrate both the range of problems that can be modeled under this framework and the effectiveness of the proposed heuristics. The results provide several fundamental insights into the performance of yield management systems.
Practice patterns among reproductive endocrinologists: the infertility evaluation

Objective: To determine how board-certified reproductive endocrinologists vary in their approach to the clinical tests performed on the infertile couple. Design: A cross-sectional study to assess differences in the approach to evaluating the infertile couple. Setting: A population-based national survey. Participant(s): United States board-certified reproductive endocrinologists. Main Outcome Measure(s): The frequency of clinical tests and evaluation procedures by physician age, sex, size and setting of practice, institutional affiliation, and geographic location. Result(s): The overall response rate was 84%. Although the majority of practitioners routinely order a semen analysis (99.9%), an assessment of ovulation (98%), a hysterosalpingogram, (HSG; 96%), laparoscopy (89%), and a postcoital test (PCT, 79%), there was less agreement regarding hormonal testing (range, 22% [LH]to 66% [PRL]), use of pelvic ultrasounds (55%), hysteroscopy (53%), cervical cultures (range, 24% to 54%), and antisperm antibody testing (24%). Compared with male colleagues, female physicians order two to three times more cervical cultures and endometrial biopsies. Serum hormonal testing was two to three times more commonly ordered by younger ( Conclusion(s): Trained specialists rely heavily on five "traditional" infertility tests: semen analysis, an assessment of ovulation, HSG, laparoscopy, and PCT. With regard to additional modes of testing, there is marked variability by physician sex, age, type of practice, and geographic location.
What is the biological basis of sensorimotor integration

This Prospects presents the problems that must be solved by the vertebrate nervous system in the process of sensorimotor integration and motor control. The concepts of efference copy and inverse model are defined, and multiple biological mechanisms are described, including those that form the basis of integration, extrapolation, and comparison/cancellation operations. Open questions for future research include the biological basis of continuous and distributed versus modular control, and somatosensory–motor coordination.
Large-scale L-BFGS using MapReduce

L-BFGS has been applied as an effective parameter estimation method for various machine learning algorithms since 1980s. With an increasing demand to deal with massive instances and variables, it is important to scale up and parallelize L-BFGS effectively in a distributed system. In this paper, we study the problem of parallelizing the L-BFGS algorithm in large clusters of tens of thousands of shared-nothing commodity machines. First, we show that a naive implementation of L-BFGS using Map-Reduce requires either a significant amount of memory or a large number of map-reduce steps with negative performance impact. Second, we propose a new L-BFGS algorithm, called Vector-free L-BFGS, which avoids the expensive dot product operations in the two loop recursion and greatly improves computation efficiency with a great degree of parallelism. The algorithm scales very well and enables a variety of machine learning algorithms to handle a massive number of variables over large datasets. We prove the mathematical equivalence of the new Vector-free L-BFGS and demonstrate its excellent performance and scalability using real-world machine learning problems with billions of variables in production clusters.
Concurrent Partnerships, Acute Infection and HIV Epidemic Dynamics Among Young Adults in Zimbabwe

This paper explores the roles of acute infection and concurrent partnerships in HIV transmission dynamics among young adults in Zimbabwe using realistic representations of the partnership network and all published estimates of stage-specific infectivity. We use dynamic exponential random graph models to estimate partnership network parameters from an empirical study of sexual behavior and drive a stochastic simulation of HIV transmission through this dynamic network. Our simulated networks match observed frequencies and durations of short- and long-term partnerships, with concurrency patterns specific to gender and partnership type. Our findings suggest that, at current behavior levels, the epidemic cannot be sustained in this population without both concurrency and acute infection; removing either brings transmission below the threshold for persistence. With both present, we estimate 20–25% of transmissions stem from acute-stage infections, 30–50% from chronic-stage, and 30–45% from AIDS-stage. The impact of acute infection is strongly moderated by concurrency. Reducing this impact by reducing concurrency could potentially end the current HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe.
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis after sexual assault.

The decision for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis after sexual assault should be considered on an individual basis Merchant and colleagues report an audit of adherence in their paediatric emergency department to the New York State Department of Health guidelines on HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).1 The guidelines recommend that every victim of unprotected vaginal or anal rape presenting within 36 hours should receive HIV PEP unless the assailant is known to be HIV negative. Where possible, they should receive treatment within one hour of assault. Over six months, 14 of 25 patients received HIV PEP. No patient presented within one hour. Even after presentation, the minimum triage to medication time was two hours. The authors suggest strategies to speed the delivery of prophylaxis. Many of the important questions come well before an audit of adherence to guidelines. …
A Negative Carotid Plaque Area Test Is Superior to Other Noninvasive Atherosclerosis Studies for Reducing the Likelihood of Having Underlying Significant Coronary Artery Disease

Objective— Coronary calcium score (CCS), carotid plaque area (CPA), intima-media thickness (IMT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are independent predictors of cardiovascular prognosis. Although each test may enhance risk stratification, their comparative abilities to screen for underlying coronary stenoses in individual patients is less established. Methods and Results— Forty-two patients who had a 16-slice coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA) performed were invited to have CPA, IMT, and CRP measured. CPA was defined as the sum of all the cross-sectional areas of each plaque >1 mm in diameter found in all carotid vessels bilaterally. CCS and the number plus degree of stenotic coronary arteries were determined by CTA. The presence of clinically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as the existence of any stenosis ≥50%. CTA identified clinically significant CAD in 43% of the patients. CPA >0 was more sensitive (72%) and specific (58%) than a CCS >0 (58% and 55%) for identifying CAD. A “clean” carotid artery (CPA=0) provides a superior negative predictive value (74%) and likelihood ratio of a negative test (0.48) than all other studies, in particular versus a CCS=0 (65% and 0.72). The areas under the receiver-operator curves for CPA and CCS in relation to any CAD were similar (0.640 versus 0.675). Carotid IMT and CRP performed poorly compared with CPA and CCS. For detecting CAD in only the left main or left anterior descending artery, the negative predictive value and likelihood ratio of a negative test remained superior for CPA (87% and 0.33) compared with CCS (80% and 0.56). In our population with a prevalence of these coronary lesions of 30%, the post-test probability in any patient with a negative CPA result is reduced to 10%. Conclusion— CPA determination is superior to CCS, IMT, and CRP in its ability to reduce the likelihood of clinically significant underlying CAD in patients of varying cardiac risk.
Evaluation of associations between prion haplotypes and growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in a Dorset × Romanov sheep population,

There is concern about potential antagonistic correlated responses due to intensive selection for scrapie-resistant haplotypes of the prion (PRNP) gene in sheep. The objective of the present research was to test for associations of PRNP haplotypes for codons 136, 154, and 171 with growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in an F2 Dorset x Romanov population (n = 415) segregating the 2 callipyge alleles. Haplotypes of the 3 PRNP codons were determined for each sheep, and breed of origin of each gamete was predicted by genotyping 6 microsatellite markers flanking the PRNP locus. Twenty-five growth, carcass, and meat quality traits were evaluated. Data were analyzed using a basic model consisting of fixed effects of year, sex, and callipyge genotype, the random effect of sire, and 7 covariates corresponding to the probability that a lamb inherited a specific PRNP haplotype of either Dorset or Romanov origin. A fixed effect of litter size was added to the model for growth traits. The model for carcass traits contained the linear and quadratic effects of chilled carcass weight and the interactions among callipyge genotype and linear and quadratic terms. For meat quality traits, the model contained chilled carcass weight as a covariate and the interaction between callipyge genotype and chilled carcass weight. A contrast between the resistant ARR haplotype and the average effect of other PRNP haplotypes was tested to investigate the effects of potential selection for ARR within each breed of origin (Dorset, ARR vs. ARQ, VRQ, and AHQ; Romanov, ARR vs. ARQ and VRQ). There was limited evidence that selecting for scrapie resistance would cause correlated responses due to linkage disequilibrium. Associations of only 3 traits with PRNP haplotypes were detected in either breed of origin. In Romanov, the ARR haplotype was associated with longer carcasses (P < 0.013), narrower rumps (P = 0.038), and less marbling (P = 0.022) than the average of ARQ and VRQ haplotypes. No significant contrasts were detected for Dorset. This study is the first to account for breed of origin while investigating haplotype associations in an F2 population. This study provided limited evidence of associations between PRNP haplotypes and growth, carcass, and meat quality traits.
Increasing the Physical Fitness of Low-Fit Recruits before Basic Combat Training: An Evaluation of Fitness, Injuries, and Training Outcomes

ABSTRACT Recruits arriving for basic combat training (BCT) between October 1999 and May 2004 were administered an entry-level physical fitness test at the reception station. If they failed the test, then they entered the Fitness Assessment Program (FAP), where they physically trained until they passed the test and subsequently entered BCT. The effectiveness of the FAP was evaluated by examining fitness, injury, and training outcomes. Recruits who failed the test, trained in the FAP, and entered BCT after passing the test were designated the preconditioning (PC) group (64 men and 94 women). Recruits who failed the test but were allowed to enter BCT without going into the FAP were called the no preconditioning (NPC) group (32 men and 73 women). Recruits who passed the test and directly entered BCT were designated the no need of preconditioning (NNPC) group (1,078 men and 731 women). Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores and training outcomes were obtained from a company-level database, and injured recrui...
Development and Characterization of Ultrafiltration TiO2 Magnéli Phase Reactive Electrochemical Membranes

This research focused on the synthesis, characterization, and performance testing of a novel Magneli phase (TinO2n–1), n = 4 to 6, reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) for water treatment. The REMs were synthesized from tubular asymmetric TiO2 ultrafiltration membranes, and optimal reactivity was achieved for REMs composed of high purity Ti4O7. Probe molecules were used to assess outer-sphere charge transfer (Fe(CN)64–) and organic compound oxidation through both direct oxidation (oxalic acid) and formation of OH• (coumarin, terephthalic acid). High membrane fluxes (3208 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 (LMH bar–1)) were achieved and resulted in a convection-enhanced rate constant for Fe(CN)64– oxidation of 1.4 × 10–4 m s–1, which is the highest reported in an electrochemical flow-through reactor and approached the kinetic limit. The optimal removal rate for oxalic acid was 401.5 ± 18.1 mmol h–1 m–2 at 793 LMH, with approximately 84% current efficiency. Experiments indicate OH• were produced only on the Ti4O7 REM and n...
Probabilistic low-rank matrix recovery from quantized measurements: Application to image denoising

We consider the recovery of a low-rank matrix or image M given its noisy quantized (or discrete) measurements. We consider constrained maximum likelihood estimation of M, under a constraint on the entry-wise infinity-norm of M and an exact rank constraint. We provide an upper bound on the Frobenius norm of the matrix estimation error under this model. Past work on theoretical investigations have been restricted to binary quantizers, and based on convex relaxation of the rank. We consider a globally convergent optimization algorithm exploiting existing work on low-rank factorization of M and validate the method on synthetic and real images.
Union Responses to Nafta in the US and Canada: Explaining Intra- and International Variation

In this article we ask why some unions in Canada and the United States were more actively opposed to NAFTA than others, and why these "activist" unions differed in the strategies that they adopted for fighting NAFTA and in the alternatives that they offered to it. We ask the same questions about differences between the U.S. and Canadian labor movements as embodied in the rhetoric and behavior of their central federations. We distinguish four union "types" on two dimensions: the inclusiveness of union leaders' collective identity (i.e., the kinds of workers that the union actively seeks to organize), and the radicalness of union leaders' moral economy (i.e., how critical the union is of the status quo political economy). We hypothesize that differences in union type, so defined, explain a significant part of the variation in the levels of union activism against NAFTA in both countries, as well as differences in strategies of opposition. Differences in the relative strength of union types is also hypothesiz...
β-Ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks capable of pseudocapacitive energy storage

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are candidate materials for charge storage devices because of their micro- or mesoporosity, high surface area, and ability to predictably organize redox-active groups. The limited chemical and oxidative stability of established COF linkages, such as boroxines and boronate esters, precludes these applications, and no 2D COF has demonstrated reversible redox behavior. Here we describe a β-ketoenamine-linked 2D COF that exhibits reversible electrochemical processes of its anthraquinone subunits, excellent chemical stability to a strongly acidic electrolyte, and one of the highest surface areas of the imine- or enamine-linked 2D COFs. Electrodes modified with the redox-active COF show higher capacitance than those modified with a similar non-redox-active COF, even after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. These findings demonstrate the promise of using 2D COFs for capacitive storage.
445 CONSERVATIVE CLITORAL PRESERVATION SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF VULVAR SQUMAOUS CELL CARICINOMA.

Objective. To determine the safety and efficacy of clitoral-sparing surgery in women with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the anterior vulva not involving the clitoris.
Investigation on growth and nutrition status of primary and middle school students in Jiaocheng County of Shanxi in 2010

[Objective]To understand the growth and nutrition status of primary and middle school students aged 7-14 years old in Jiaocheng County of Shanxi.[Methods]The data of health monitoring among 8077 primary and middle school students in Jiaocheng County in 2010 were analyzed.[Results]Most of students had good and normal growth condition.The middle school students and primary school students who had the higher height respectively accounted for 23.97% and 27.85%,while they had the lower height respectively accounted for 0.69% and 0.93%.The middle school students and primary school students who had the higher body weight respectively accounted for 42.01% and 48.70%,while they had the lower body weight respectively accounted for 1.07% and 0.15%.The average incidence rate of obesity was 19.00%.The incidence rate of obesity in boys was significantly higher than that in girls(P 0.01),and the obesity rate in junior middle school students was significantly higher than that in primary school students(P 0.01).The average incidence rate of malnutrition was 8.57%.The incidence rate of malnutrition in boys was significantly lower than that in girls(P 0.01),and the malnutrition rate in junior middle school students was significantly higher than that in primary school students(P 0.01).The proportion of higher height and body weight in primary and middle school students increased year by year as compared with that in 2005 in Jiaocheng County,and the differences were significance(χ2 value was 115.84 and 193.49 respectively,P 0.01),which indicated that the growth of primary and middle school students has an upward trend.The proportion of lower height and body weight decreased year by year,and the difference in lower height was significance(χ2 = 25.47,P 0.01).The detection rates of malnutrition and obesity showed an upward trend(χ2 value was 86.97 and 72.58 respectively,P 0.01).[Conclusion]The development condition of height and body weight of primary and middle school students is good,but the detection rates of malnutrition and obesity are high,and parents,schools and society should attach great importance to this problem.
Stochastic Modeling Formalisms for Dependability, Performance and Performability

Rapid advances in technology resulted in the proliferation of complex computer and communication systems that are used in different applications ranging from spacecraft flight-control to information and financial services. Dependability, performance, and performability evaluation techniques provide a useful method for examining the behavior of a computer or communication system right from the design stage to implementation and final deployment. The relative importance of performance and dependability requirements will differ depending on the system requirements and typical usage. Sometimes performance and dependability issues can be addresses separately, but sometimes their interactions and corresponding tradeoffs demand a measure that combines aspects of both.
Forcing in analysis

In this paper we develop a method for applying "forcing techniques" (or equivalently "category arguments") in the analytical hierarchy. We present here the basic general theory and some simple applications. In a subsequent publication, which is in preparation, further and technically more complicated applications will be given, including perfect set forcing and in particular the results in the circulated note [Ke 1], which are summarized in Section 6.
Normalizability, cut eliminability and paradox

This is a reply to the considerations advanced by Schroeder-Heister and Tranchini (Ekman’s paradox, Unpublished typescript) as prima facie problematic for the proof-theoretic criterion of paradoxicality, as originally presented in Tennant (Dialectica 36:265–296, 1982) and subsequently amended in Tennant (Analysis 55:199–207, 1995). Countering these considerations lends new importance to the parallelized forms of elimination rules in natural deduction.
From vortices to genomics

A micro-mechanical oscillator has been used, for the first time, to measure the dynamics of individual magnetic vortices threading a superconductor crystal. Predicting the behaviour of single vortex lines requires using a ‘1+1’-dimensional model from statistical mechanics — a tool that has wide applications, ranging from quantum mechanics to sequence alignment in genomics.
Sustaining and Expanding Evidence-Based Supported Employment: The Role of State Leaders Participating in a Learning Community

State leaders often promote implementation of evidence-based practices but have difficulty sustaining and expanding them over time. This paper examines the activities of leaders in 13 states that have successfully implemented, sustained, and expanded evidence-based supported employment, known as Individual Placement and Support (IPS), for 4 to 12 years. We interviewed state leaders from 13 states participating in a learning community regarding the composition of their leadership team, participation in the learning community, interagency collaboration, state policy alignment, financing, training, and monitoring of fidelity and outcome. To assess state-level performance in implementing, sustaining, and expanding IPS services, we obtained measures of sustainment, expansion, program fidelity, and employment in the subsequent year and compared them to a priori benchmarks. The majority of states (between 69 % and 77 %) met benchmarks for sustainment, expansion, fidelity, and employment. States varied widely in specific actions to advance IPS, but all had established leadership teams, participated in the national learning community, and built an infrastructure supporting IPS. Leaders in 13 states participating in a learning community have adopted and maintained multiple strategies to sustain and expand evidence-based supported employment at a high level of fidelity with good employment outcomes.
The discovery of double stars at occultations.

When systematic photoelectric observations of occultations were started some dozen years ago it was realised that they yielded a significant crop of double star discoveries and observations. The limitations of the method were well recognised: only about ten percent of the area of the sky would ever be available and one could not choose which stars to be observed. Moreover the data obtained from a successful observation of a double star are less comprehensive than the normal visual observation. The result is the vector separation or the true separation projected along a line perpendicular to the actual lunar limb, that is the position angle of the point of occultation modified by the slope of the limb at that point.
O3-6-04. Optogenetically induced motor evoked potentials in mice

Optogenetics is a powerful tool that utilizes light to control neurons genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. This innovative technology, which allows for the activation or silencing of neurons on a millisecond time-scale, can be aimed at specific cell types, preventing the manipulation of cells that fall outside a target population. As such, optogenetics has the potential to improve impaired brain networks without side effects commonly associated with alternative strategies (e.g., electrical stimulation). Here, we assessed optogenetically induced motor evoked potentials as a first step in testing the therapeutic potential of this tool. We introduced Chronos, a novel light-sensitive ion channel, into the motor cortex of wild-type mice via viral vector injection. Four weeks later, blue laser light (473 nm) stimulation was delivered to the affected area through the intact skull. Results: Under ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) anesthesia, light-evoked muscle responses were successfully recorded from the triceps brachii and biceps femoris. Optogenetic activation of neurons expressing a novel light-sensitive ion channel effectively induced motor responses in wild-type mice, suggesting this technology may prove useful for neuromodulation therapy. Although future studies are needed, optogenetics may be applied in humans to treat neuropsychiatric diseases.