cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to cervical chiropractic manipulation

Neck pain from cervical spinal disease is a common problem with significant disability, and chiropractic manipulation has emerged as one of the leading forms of alternative treatment for such spinal symptoms. However, more experience with these forms of treatment has revealed associated complications that are far from benign. Complications range from mild symptoms, such as local neck tenderness or stiffness, to more severe injuries involving the spinal cord, peripheral nerve roots, and arteries within the neck. Phrenic nerve injury causing diaphragmatic palsy is a rare complication of cervical chiropractic manipulation. We report a case of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a healthy gentleman who underwent cervical manipulation. Physicians must be aware of this complication and should be cautious when recommending spinal manipulation for the treatment of neck pain, especially in the presence of preexisting degenerative disease of the cervical spine.
Forging a New Practice Area: Social Work's Role in Death Penalty Mitigation Investigations

The death penalty remains alive and well in the United States. Courts in 37 states try defendants who are oftentimes mentally retarded, mentally ill, or suffer from neurological disorders. Social w...
Recent advances in skeletal-muscle-based gene therapy

Gene transfer into skeletal muscle holds promise for the treatment of a variety of serum protein deficiencies, muscular dystrophies, and chronic ischemic limb syndromes. The past two years have seen the development of new and improved vectors for programming recombinant gene expression in skeletal muscle. Important advances include first, novel plasmid DNA, adenovirus, and adeno-associated virus vectors that can be used to stably express therapeutic levels of recombinant proteins in the skeletal muscle of immunocompetent hosts and second, the development of vector systems that enable regulated and tissue-specific transgene expression in skeletal muscle in vivo.
FoxM1 mediates the progenitor function of type II epithelial cells in repairing alveolar injury induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The alveolar epithelium is composed of the flat type I cells comprising 95% of the gas-exchange surface area and cuboidal type II cells comprising the rest. Type II cells are described as facultative progenitor cells based on their ability to proliferate and trans-differentiate into type I cells. In this study, we observed that pneumonia induced by intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in mice increased the expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxM1 in type II cells coincidentally with the induction of alveolar epithelial barrier repair. FoxM1 was preferentially expressed in the Sca-1+ subpopulation of progenitor type II cells. In mice lacking FoxM1 specifically in type II cells, type II cells showed decreased proliferation and impaired trans-differentiation into type I cells. Lungs of these mice also displayed defective alveolar barrier repair after injury. Expression of FoxM1 in the knockout mouse lungs partially rescued the defective trans-differentiation phenotype. Thus, expression of FoxM1 in type II cells is essential for their proliferation and transition into type I cells and for restoring alveolar barrier homeostasis after PA-induced lung injury.
Neutrinos as a diagnostic of high energy astrophysical processes

Abstract A leading candidate for the extragalactic source of high energy cosmic rays is the Fermi engine mechanism, in which protons confined by magnetic fields are accelerated to very high energy through repeated scattering by plasma shock fronts. In the process of acceleration, collisions of trapped protons with the ambient plasma produce pions which decay to electromagnetic energy and neutrinos. For optically thin sources, a strong connection between the emerging cosmic rays and secondary neutrinos can be established. In this context, we show the feasibility of using the Glashow resonance as a discriminator between the pp and pγ interactions in Fermi engines as sources of neutrinos. In particular, we demonstrate how three years of observation at the km3 IceCube facility can serve as a filter for the dominance of the pp interaction at the source.
National Insecurities: Immigrants and U.S. Deportation Policy Since 1882. By Deirdre M. Moloney. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.

The article reviews the book "National Insecurities: Immigrants and U.S. Deportation Policy Since 1882," by Deirdre M. Moloney.
A guide to Internet atomic databases for hot plasmas

Internet atomic databases are nowadays considered to be the primary tool for dissemination of atomic data. We present here a review of numerical and bibliographic databases of importance for diagnostics of hot plasmas. Special attention is given to new and emerging trends, such as online calculation of various atomic parameters. The recently updated NIST databases are presented in detail.
Reactive lattice oxygen sites for C4 hydrocarbon selective oxidation over β-VOPO4

The role of lattice oxygen species in the catalytic oxidation of n-butene to maleic anhydride has been investigated using {beta}-VOPO{sub 4} labeled with {sup 18}O. The catalyst was prepared by stoichiometric reaction of (VO){sub 2}P{sub 2}O{sub 7} with {sup 18}O{sub 2} using solid state preparation techniques. The {beta}-VOPO{sub 7/2} {sup 18}O{sub 1/2} was characterized using laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies: preferential incorporation at P-O-V sites was observed. A pulse reactor was used to react n-butane, 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, furan, {gamma}-butyrolactone, and maleic anhydride with the catalyst in the absence of gas-phase O{sub 2}. Incorporation of {sup 18}O into the products was monitored by mass spectrometry. Specific lattice oxygen sites could be associated with the reaction pathways for selective or nonselective oxidation. The results of this study also indicate that the initial interaction of n-butane with {beta}-VOPO{sub 4} is fundamentally different from the initial interaction of olefins or oxygenated species. The approach used in this research-referred to as Isotopic Reactive-Site Mapping-is a potentially powerful method for probing the reactive lattice sites of other selective oxidation catalysts.
Psychological Effects of Weight Cycling in Obese Persons: A Review and Research Agenda

This review summarizes studies on the psychological effects of weight cycling (i.e., weight loss and regain) in obese persons and proposes an agenda for future research on this topic. Among general psychological constructs, the current literature suggests that weight cycling is not associated with depression, other psychopathology, or depressogenic cognitive styles. Weight cycling is associated with decreased perceptions of health and well-being, although the clinical significance of this relationship is uncertain. Among weight- and eating-related constructs, weight cycling does not appear to be related to restraint, hunger, or personality traits associated with eating disorders. Weight cycling, however, does appear to be associated with clinically significant reductions in eating self-efficacy and weak but consistent increases in binge eating severity. Definitive conclusions about the presence or absence of the psychological consequences of weight cycling are premature, given the small number of studies, as well as a variety of methodological and interpretive concerns. A new generation of research is necessary to determine the extent and nature of the psychological sequelae of weight cycling.
Autoreactive T cell clones isolated from normal and autoimmune-susceptible mice exhibit lymphokine secretory and functional properties of both Th1 and Th2 cells.

Abstract Recent studies have suggested the existence of two mutually exclusive subpopulations of T helper (Th) cells in the murine immune system, called Th1 which produces interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ but not IL-4 and Th2 which secretes IL-4 and IL-5 but not IL-2. Also, functionally, Th1 cells generally activate the macrophages and mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity whereas Th2 cells provide help efficiently to B cells. In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine secretory properties of two well-characterized autoreactive (self-Ia reactive) T cell clones isolated from normal DBA 2 mice and autoimmune-susceptible MRL- lpr lpr mice. It was observed that both the autoreactive T cell clones, following activation, produced IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ. They induced hyper-Ia expression and cell proliferation in syngeneic B cells as well as activated the macrophages to exhibit tumoristatic properties. Both clones could also induce T-T network interaction in which syngeneic naive CD4+ T cells responded directly to stimulation with autoreactive T cell clones. The T-T interaction was demonstrable in 1-month-old MRL- lpr lpr mice prior to the onset of the autoimmune disease but not in 6-month-old mice having lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease. Uniike Th1 and Th2 cells which upon antigenic stimulation respond to exogenous IL-2 and IL-4, the autoreactive T cell clones responded only to IL-2 but not to IL-4. Our data suggest the existence of a unique subset of immunoregulatory CD4+ Th cells having the lymphokine secretory and functional properties of both the murine Th1 and Th2 subsets.
Analytical Approach to a Two-stage Queuing Network for the Planning of Outfitting Processes in Shipbuilding

As an important part of shipbuilding, outfitting can represent a major portion of the material cost as well as the construction time of a vessel. However, as a result of disturbances caused by unexpected delays, system variations, and technological constraints, scheduling of outfitting processes is therefore complex and can lead to major construction delays. To improve the shipbuilding system efficiency in the presence of variation, a two-stage strategic-level outfitting planning model has been developed. The results of the model provide the optimal percentage of outfitting work that should be completed at each stage given the introduction of variation. The model presented can be used as a benchmark for current ship-outfitting management decisions.
A procedure for eliminating position habit in preference-aversion tests for ethanol and other fluids

A method is described for eliminating the position habit which often arises in experiments designed to determine preference-aversion thresholds for water and a test fluid such as ethanol. A three bottle (i.e., three position) paradigm is employed, but only water and a test fluid are offered to the animal. The third bottle is empty but is rotated every day in a predetermined sequence along with the other two bottles. In preference determinations for different concentrations of ethanol, stable fluid intake functions are obtained.
Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Feedback Behavior Within Japanese American and Caucasian American Small Groups

This study investigated the occurrence of feedback as a sequential event in both Japanese American and Caucasian American small group discussions. Previous research had indicated that feedback was measurable within a process orientation, and that Japanese cultural variables could affect the occurrence of feedback. The obtained results provided support for the experimental hypothesis that Japanese American groups manifest significantly less feedback behavior than Caucasian American groups when indexed by teams of coder-observers. The concept of “Enryo” and a characteristic Japanese family code of conduct are introduced as possible factors influencing Japanese American communication.
The intracellular distribution of copper in immature liver.

Abstract The distribution of copper among subcellular fractions from immature and adult bovine liver has been determined. 1. 1. In immature liver with elevated total copper content, 46% of the tissue copper was found in the washed and combined mitochondrial fractions, 24% in the supernatant fraction, 21% in the washed nuclear fraction and 6% in the combined microsomal fraction. The finding of a large proportion of the copper of immature liver in the mitochondrial fractions suggests that the copper accumulating in immature liver may have specific enzymic function rather than merely furnishing “stored” copper to the immature animal. 2. 2. Copper per gram of fresh tissue in the washed and combined mitochondrial fractions from immature liver was more than five times that in the corresponding fractions from adult liver, more than ten times that in whole bovine heart, and more than forty times the copper previously found in mitochondrial fractions from adult bovine cerebral cortex. Since mitochondrial fractions from immature liver were low in cytochrome oxidase activity compared to whole bovine heart, it is concluded that immature liver contains a mitochondrial copper protein other than cytochrome oxidase.
Phosphorylation and Activation of the DNA Binding Activity of Purified Stat1 by the Janus Protein-tyrosine Kinases and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

The activation of Janus protein-tyrosine kinases (Jaks) and the subsequent phosphorylation and activation of latent signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) are common elements in signal transduction through the cytokine receptor superfamily. To assess the role and specificity of Jaks in Stat activation, we have utilized baculovirus expression systems to produce Stat1 and the Jaks. Co-expression of Stat1 with Tyk2, Jak1, or Jak2 resulted in the specific tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 at Tyr701, the residue phosphorylated in mammalian cells stimulated with interferon γ. Alternatively, Stat1, purified to apparent homogeneity from insect cell extracts, was phosphorylated at Tyr701 in Jak immune complex kinase reactions. Phosphorylation of purified Stat1 was necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of DNA binding activity. The specificity in both systems was indicated by the inability of a Jak2 catalytically inactive mutant (Jak2-Glu882) or the Tec protein-tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate Stat1. However, immune complex-purified epidermal growth factor receptor was capable of phosphorylating purified Stat1 at Tyr701 and activating its DNA binding activity in in vitro reactions.
Cystourethrography: The effect of reservoir height upon intravesical pressure

The effect of infusion height upon intravesical pressure during cystography was studied in three dogs and three patients. Results indicate that during bladder filling the intravesical pressure is independent of the reservoir height.
Administrative Growth and Grant Payouts in Nonprofit Foundations: Fulfilling the Public Good amid Professionalization?

The Tax Reform Act of 1969 remains the core governing policy for the U.S. foundation sector, primarily for its qualifying distributions mandate, which ensures a baseline spending of foundation assets toward charitable purposes. However, implementation of this policy required additional foundation administrative resources and contributed to significant professionalization of the foundation sector. This article focuses on the payout requirement's potential paradox of accountability, as administrative expenses can be counted toward fulfilling foundations’ qualifying distributions. Using a 14-year panel of grantmaking foundations, the analysis seeks to understand whether professionalization, measured by operating and administrative expenses, contributes to or crowds out grantmaking. Findings indicate that professionalization of the foundation sector has a small yet practically and statistically significant positive association with foundation grantmaking. From a policy perspective, the current structure of the qualifying distributions mandate does not appear to lead to a crowding out of grant allocations as administrative expenses grow.
Transforming Narratives: A Change Event in Constructivist Family Therapy†

One important clinical task in family therapy involves transforming the client's construction of the presenting problem from an individual, intrapersonal view to an interpersonal, relational, or systemic one (Sluzki, 1992). To study the transformation process in initial sessions, we sampled 8 families in which the referring parent requested help for a child's problem. The 8 therapists, trained and experienced in Sluzki's (1992) narrative approach, attempted to facilitate a transformation in the parents' initial construction of the problem. In 4 sessions, the transformation was independently judged to be successful by the therapist and observers, while in 4 other sessions the transformation was judged to be unsuccessful. Videotapes of the 8 interviews were analyzed qualitatively, and the parents' verbatim descriptions of the problem were coded using the Cognitive Constructions Coding System (Friedlander, 1995). We compared the successful and the unsuccessful sessions and developed a conceptual model of the successful transformation process that included client performances as well as therapist operations (Greenberg, 1986). While many elements in the model were consistent with Sluzki's (1992) "blue-print" transformation, several new elements were added. Practical implications are described, along with limitations and recommendations for future research.
A Conceptual Approach to Limiting-Reagent Problems

A solid foundation of chemistry principles is only gained through a true comprehension of the material as opposed to pure memorization. One of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry is that of determining the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction when one of the reactants is limiting. To increase students’ comprehension of this important concept, a conceptual approach is presented that is tangible for limiting-reagent problems on the molecular level and extends directly to typical examples that would be encountered in a classroom or laboratory setting. To accommodate visual learners, a graphical methodology is incorporated that determines the limiting reagent as the reactant that is exhausted first while simultaneously finding the amounts of the excess reagents and products.
Immunogenicity of recombinant DNA human insulin.

We postulated that human insulin of recombinant DNA origin would be a poor immunogen and might prove to be less immunogenic than purified pork insulin. Results are reported for 100 diabetic subjects not previously treated with insulin. Individuals completed the first 12 months of a clinical trial of human insulin of recombinant DNA origin. These patients are contrasted with 121 similar individuals who are taking part in a trial of purified pork insulin. Prior to therapy, species-specific binding of 125I human insulin and pork insulins and insulin bound to antibody were undetectable in all individuals. In patients treated with human insulin of recombinant DNA origin, binding of 125I human insulin increased to 10±1.2% at 12 months versus increases in binding of 125I pork insulin in pork insulin-treated patients to 12.6±1.4% (NS). Mean percentages of species-specific binding tended to reach a plateau in the human insulin-treated group but continued to increase in the pork insulin group (p<0.001). Median bound values were nil throughout in patients treated with human insulin, but increased to 52 mU/l in the pork insulin group with significantly less bound insulin seen in the former group at all visits (p<0.001). The percentage of individuals who remained antibody free at 12 months, as indicated by bound insulin, was 56% in the human insulin-treated patients and 40% in the patients treated with pork insulin (p<0.01). In 11 out of 55 individuals who initially developed detectable insulin antibodies while being treated with human insulin, bound insulin levels later became undectable compared with three out of 77 individuals in the pork insulin-treatment group (p<0.005). Human insulin of recombinant DNA origin is less immunogenic than purified pork insulin. Level of antibodies in patients treated with human insulin of recombinant DNA origin reached a plateau after 6 months and antibody levels often tended subsequently to decrease below detection limits.
Oxygen Spectra in Dayglow, Twilight, and during an Eclipse

There is evidence for a morning–evening asymmetry for the 1.27 µ O2 band in twilight, and the evening decay appears slower at high latitude. No appreciable variation in the dayglow intensity has been observed with latitude ; the decreased dayglow intensity during an eclipse seems consistent with the theory involving production of O2(1 Δg) by photodissociation of ozone.
Agglomeration economies, types, and sizes of cities

Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate why cities have different sizes. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been explained by differences among cities in either the degree of internal scale economies or the elasticity of external economies. This paper relates size differences between cities to differences in the dominant agglomeration force between cities. We analyze this relationship via an equilibrium model of two cities that are embedded in a national economy. One of the cities produces two traded goods with urbanization economies being the dominant agglomeration force. The other city produces only one traded good with localization economies being the dominant force. Our first main result is that the two-product city can be larger than the one-product city in stable equilibrium, if at least one of the two industries exhibits decreasing returns in production. Otherwise, the one-product city is larger. Second, we obtain an existence result for the equilibrium of both cities. We also analyze the relationship between optimum sizes of the two cities using an optimum city size model for each city. Finally, we compare the equilibrium and optimum city sizes. By doing so we identify the condition under which the stable equilibrium city size is smaller than the optimum city size.
Effects of Sequential Calcium Phosphate- Fluoride Rinses on Fluoride Uptake in Rats

This study measured the effects of a calcium phosphate rinse followed by various fluoride rinses on fluoride uptake by enamel in rats. Calcium phosphate rinses promoted fluoride uptake by the enamel.
Revascularization of rat fasciocutaneous flap using CROSSEAL with VEGF protein or plasmid DNA expressing VEGF.

BACKGROUND: Fasciocutaneous tissue transfer is a common reconstructive procedure. Revascularization of flap tissue is an important component of tissue healing. Gene therapy offers an avenue through which the period of pedicle vascular dependency can be reduced.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat fasciocutaneous flaps were elevated and a two-hour ischemic time induced. Polycation complex (jet PEI) and human fibrin sealant CROSSEAL® was applied between flap and underlying abdominal tissues. Group 1 (six rats) was the control; Group 2 (seven rats) had vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein applied; Group 3 (seven rats) had plasmid DNA expressing VEGF applied. Vascular pedicles were ligated on postoperative day 5, percentage flap survival evaluated on day 7.RESULTS: All flaps survived initial ischemia. Mean ± SD percentage area of the flap that survived was 28.1 ± 12.4 (Group 1), 71.6 ± 16.2 (Group 2), and 77.5 ± 12.7 (Group 3) (P < 0.001, Group 1-3, 2-3). No differences were observed between Groups 2 and 3...
CONSISTENCY VERSUS MNEMONICS IN TEXT EDITOR COMMAND SETS

This experiment studies the acquisition and retention of text editor command sets. Previous research has focused on consistent, mnemonic sets versus inconsistent, non-mnemonic sets (Lee & Polson, 1988; Walker & Olson, 1988). Although results from these studies indicate that consistent, mnemonic sets are better than inconsistent, non-mnemonic sets, it is unclear whether consistency or mnemonics was the basis for better subject performance. This study sought to separate this confound. In order to do this, an condition in addition to those used in the Walker and Olson study was used in which the commands were consistent but non-mnemonic.
Maximizing generalized linear mixed model likelihoods with an automated Monte Carlo EM algorithm

Summary. Two new implementations of the EM algorithm are proposed for maximum likelihood fitting of generalized linear mixed models. Both methods use random (independent and identically distributed) sampling to construct Monte Carlo approximations at the E-step. One approach involves generating random samples from the exact conditional distribution of the random effects (given the data) by rejection sampling, using the marginal distribution as a candidate. The second method uses a multivariate t importance sampling approximation. In many applications the two methods are complementary. Rejection sampling is more efficient when sample sizes are small, whereas importance sampling is better with larger sample sizes. Monte Carlo approximation using random samples allows the Monte Carlo error at each iteration to be assessed by using standard central limit theory combined with Taylor series methods. Specifically, we construct a sandwich variance estimate for the maximizer at each approximate E-step. This suggests a rule for automatically increasing the Monte Carlo sample size after iterations in which the true EM step is swamped by Monte Carlo error. In contrast, techniques for assessing Monte Carlo error have not been developed for use with alternative implementations of Monte Carlo EM algorithms utilizing Markov chain Monte Carlo E-step approximations. Three different data sets, including the infamous salamander data of McCullagh and Nelder, are used to illustrate the techniques and to compare them with the alternatives. The results show that the methods proposed can be considerably more efficient than those based on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. However, the methods proposed may break down when the intractable integrals in the likelihood function are of high dimension.
Post-metamorphic eye migration in Rana and Xenopus

CONTRADICTORY results have been obtained with Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens in experiments directed at evaluating the possible role of visual experience in assuring proper binocular relations in the optic tectum. Gaze, Keating, and colleagues, working with Xenopus, reported that, in certain circumstances, experimental alteration of the contralateral visuotectal projection by eye rotation results in a modification of the ipsilateral projection so as to re-establish appropriate binocular relations1,2. Jacobson and co-workers, however, working with Rana, reported no change in the ipsilateral projection after experimental rotation of the eye3–6. Based on the hypothesis that the ability to respond to experimental perturbation of interocular relationships would correlate with the amount of variation in interocular relationships occurring normally, we predicted that Rana might exhibit substantially less post-metamorphic eye migration than Xenopus. We report here results which confirm this prediction.
Distinguishing among models and goals in personality science : Comment on Ashton and Lee (2005)

This comment notes a misrepresentation of work by Caprara and Cervone (2000) contained in a recent contribution to this journal (Ashton & Lee, 2005). This occurrence is taken as an opportunity to highlight a positive development in personality science: investigators' increasing awareness of distinctions among alternative conceptual models that address qualitatively distinct scientific goals that each fall within the confines of the professional field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homology of products and joins of reflexive relations

The homology of products and joins of reflexive relations is computed. Rota's homology of the products of two lattices is computed. The homology of finite polyspherical posets is determined by Euler characteristic and length. The category of polyspherical posets is closed under joins and special products but not products. A special product of nonvoid reflexive relations is simply connected.
What is the optimal gestational age for women with gestational diabetes type A1 to deliver

Objective Type A1 gestational diabetes mellitus (A1GDM), also known as diet-controlled gestational diabetes, is associated with an increase in adverse perinatal outcomes such as macrosomia and Erb palsy. However, it remains unclear when to deliver these women because optimal timing of delivery requires balancing neonatal morbidities from early term delivery against the risk of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). We sought to determine the optimal gestational age (GA) for women with A1GDM to deliver. Study Design A decision-analytic model was built to compare the outcomes of delivery at 37-41 weeks in a theoretical cohort of 100,000 women with A1GDM. Strategies involving expectant management until a later GA accounted for probabilities of spontaneous delivery, indicated delivery, and IUFD during each week. GA-associated risks of neonatal complications included cerebral palsy, infant death, and Erb palsy. Probabilities were derived from the literature, and total quality-adjusted life years were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were used to investigate the robustness of the baseline assumptions. Results Our model showed that induction at 38 weeks maximized quality-adjusted life years. Within our cohort, delivery at 38 weeks would prevent 48 stillbirths but lead to 12 more infant deaths compared to 39 weeks. Sensitivity analysis revealed that 38 weeks remains the optimal timing of delivery until IUFD rates fall Conclusion By weighing the risks of IUFD against infant deaths and neonatal morbidities from early term delivery, we determined that the ideal GA for women with A1GDM to deliver is 38 weeks.
Rationale for optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis

This review considers the five major principles governing optimal dosing ofβ-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis: (1) the entry or passage of antibiotics into CSF, (2) the antimicrobial activity ofβ-lactams within the purulent CSF in vivo, (3) the bactericidal activity within the CSF, (4) the route and mode of drug administration together with the postantibiotic effect, and (5) the duration of therapy. Special attention is paid to the third principle, bactericidal activity within the CSF, employing the model of the newer, third-generation cephalosporins used in the treatment of meningitis caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli.
Adsorptive Selenite Removal Using Iron-Coated GAC: Modeling Selenite Breakthrough with the Pore Surface Diffusion Model

Iron-coated granular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) was proven to be effective for removing selenite from aqueous solution in batch studies. Design and use of the adsorbent in column settings requires understanding the key mass transfer characteristics for full-scale applications. In this study, rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) were conducted at various empty bed contact times (EBCTs). A pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM) was introduced to predict selenite breakthrough curves of continuous flow packed columns containing Fe-GAC. Effluent Se(IV) breakthrough occurred immediately in the experiment with 0.055-min EBCT. The column reactor was found to treat approximately 780 bed volumes of water containing 1.0 mg=L Se(IV) when EBCTwas increased to 0.447 min before breakthrough occurred. The adsorption capacity was estimated to be 3.06 mg=g. The adsorption results showed that the PSDM could provide satisfactory predictions for the column performance with the external mass transport coefficient (kf )o f8.55 × 10 −3 cm=s. Full-scale column design criteria, such as hydraulic loading rate (HLR), carbon usage rate (CUR), and degree of column utilization (DoCU) were calculated and recommended. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000633. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Adsorption; Activated carbon; Iron (material). Author keywords: Selenite; Adsorption; Iron-coated granular activated carbon; Rapid small-scale column tests; Pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM).
Chemical analyses of meteorites: A compilation of stony and iron meteorite analyses

— A compilation of the chemical analyses of 241 stony and 36 iron meteorites is presented; 196 analyses were published previously, 81 are new. This compilation includes analyses of new falls, new finds, previously analyzed meteorites, previously analyzed meteorites with suspect values, analyses of separates and inclusions, and analyses of 53 stony and 29 iron meteorites from Antarctica, including one of the “lunar” type. Mean compositions of chondrite falls, finds, and Antarctic chondrites are compared. References are listed for earlier published analyses and an appendix provides an outline of the sampling procedures, sample preparation, and the analytical methods.
Phase II Trial of Gefitinib in Recurrent Glioblastoma

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients and Methods This was an open-label, single-center phase II trial. Fifty-seven patients with first recurrence of a glioblastoma who were previously treated with surgical resection, radiation, and usually chemotherapy underwent an open biopsy or resection at evaluation for confirmation of tumor recurrence. Each patient initially received 500 mg of gefitinib orally once daily; dose escalation to 750 mg then 1,000 mg, if a patient received enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs or dexamethasone, was allowed within each patient. Results Although no objective tumor responses were seen among the 53 assessable patients, only 21% of patients (11 of 53 patients) had measurable disease at treatment initiation. Seventeen percent of patients (nine of 53 patients) underwent at least six 4-week cycl...
Glomerular basement membrane. Identification of a fourth chain, alpha 4, of type IV collagen.

The noncollagenous domain hexamer of collagen IV from bovine glomerular basement membrane was further investigated to determine the types of collagen chain from which subunits M2*b and M3 are derived. M2*b was shown to be a shorter form, containing 9 fewer residues, of M2*a which was previously established as the noncollagenous domain of a third chain, alpha 3, of collagen IV (Saus, J., Wieslander, J., Langeveld, J.P.M., Quinones, S., and Hudson, B.G. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13374-13380). M3 was identified as the noncollagenous domain of a fourth chain, alpha 4, of type IV collagen, on the basis of additional sequence data together with previous findings. A comparison of the collagenous-noncollagenous junction regions of alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) chains with those of classical alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains reveals structural information which provides a potential strategy for molecular cloning of these novel chains. The results further reveal the complexity of electrophoresis patterns of the hexamer and potential ambiguities in using one-dimensional patterns to determine whether molecular defects of collagen IV occur in pathological processes affecting basement membranes.
We’ve Been Great Places, We Will Go to Even Greater Places 2013 Presidential Address

The practice of Counseling Psychology encompasses a broad range of culturallysensitive practices that help people improve their well-being, alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives. With its attention to both normal developmental issues and problems associated with physical, emotional, and mental disorders, the specialization holds a unique perspective in the broader practice-based areas of psychology.
Cryptococcus neoformans IV. The Not-So-Encapsulated Yeast

Nonencapsulated cells of Cryptococcus neoformans which may have a diameter of less than 4 μm are capable of producing experimental cryptococcosis in mice. It has been established that this relatively small, nonencapsulated yeast can exist in soil. In this form, the organism could be more readily disseminated by air currents, and it is more likely to be inhaled into the lungs than the larger encapsulated yeast. Nonencapsulated cells produce sufficient capsular material to inhibit phagocytosis by 50% when incubated for 5 to 10 hr with human lung tissue in vitro. The general assumption that the encapsulated cells are the etiological agent of naturally acquired cryptococcosis may have to be revised.
The positive and negative suicide ideation inventory: development and validation

We conducted two studies to develop and validate a brief self-report measure for assessing the frequency of positive and negative thoughts related to suicidal behavior. Items on this new measure, the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation inventory, were generated by undergraduates. In Study 1, we administered a 20-item version of the inventory to 150 male and 300 female undergraduates and conducted an exploratory principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two factors, Positive Ideation and Negative Ideation, were retained. In Study 2, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the fit of the one-factor and the oblique two-factor models to data from another sample of 84 men and 202 women. The oblique two-factor model provided an excellent fit to the sample data. We also examined preliminary evidence of concurrent and predictive validity. Over-all, these findings suggested that the inventory is a well-developed self-report measure for assessing the frequency of positive and negative thoughts related to suicidal behavior.
Chemical flooding optimisation using the experimental design approach and response surface methodology

One of the most effective methods of enhanced oil recovery is chemical flooding. This process can significantly increase the oil recovery; however, it involves high risks and uncertainties. We determined the optimal chemical flooding design, which is the maximum of the net present value (NPV), using the UT_IRSP platform and an in-house chemical flooding simulator, as well as the application of experimental design and respond surface for a particular oil reservoir. Surfactant and polymer mass, kv/kh ratio, salinity of polymer drive, and salinity of post-water flood were variables used in our optimisation calculations. We found that the interaction between the surfactant concentration and surfactant slug size is the most important term affecting the NPV. Therefore, the oil recovery was improved by 8% of the original oil in place (OOIP) in a designed chemical flooding case scenario. Also, the NPV with tax and royalty increased notably from 6.42 MM USD to 8.08 MM USD for the 50 USD/bbl of oil price.
Constructing business simulations with service patterns

Typically, system dynamics-based simulations of business processes are constructed in an ad hoc manner, with a modeler creating low-level components and defining inter-relationships one-by-one. As the numbers of process components or variables grow, the resulting model becomes ever more difficult to manage and extend. This paper discusses the definition and use of high-level business patterns that have predefined system dynamics sub-models. These patterns enable rapid construction of arbitrarily complex system dynamics models of business processes through abstraction, reuse, and unification of sub-model elements.
The effect of household hospitalizations on the educational attainment of youth

Abstract We utilize data from the NLSY97 to investigate the effect of week-long hospitalizations of household members on the educational attainment of youth. These significant household health events could result in a combination of financial and time constraints on the household, limiting the educational opportunities available to survey respondents. We find that household hospitalizations lead to reductions in the likelihood of completing high school, attending college and completing a bachelor's degree. These negative effects are disproportionately experienced by male respondents. Respondents with higher pre-hospitalization ability appear to be insulated from these health events. Birth-order and the gender composition of siblings also appear to play a role. We find that the oldest children in the household bear the burden of a hospitalization, substantially lowering the educational attainment of these respondents, while insulating their younger siblings. Similarly, the presence of a brother appears to insulate respondents from the negative impacts of household hospitalizations.
An Ecological Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of Veterinarians in the United States.

Abstract Measures of the ecological characteristics of states were developed through factor analysis. Then ecological characteristics of states and cities were related to the geographic distribution of veterinarians and physicians. Population size is the strongest correlate of the number of health professionals. When number relative to size is considered, veterinarians are concentrated in large-scale agricultural states while physicians are concentrated in wealthier, more urban, more populous states. Results for pet veterinarians resemble results for physicians. Veterinarians and physicians are concentrated in large cities and university towns. Most veterinarians are practicing in the region where they were educated.
Avionics software problem occurrence rates

This paper discusses a feasibility study which developed estimates of the occurrence rate for significant avionics software problems. Two FAA databases, airworthiness directives (ADs) and service difficulty reports (SDRs) were used. A study of the AD database for large aircraft (1984-1994) revealed 33 avionics ADs, 13 of which were software related. Estimates were made of the operational hours for the fleet of commercial aircraft with computer avionics and the number of problem occurrences. Minimum, maximum and average occurrence rates were established. The average occurrence rate for the 6 resulting data sets was 0.15 per million operating hours. The nonoccurrence of ADs for the remaining avionics was "bounded on the average"; yielding less than 0.02 occurrences/per million hrs. The significant problem occurrence rate for the TCAS system (collision avoidance) software has motivated others to apply proof of correctness techniques to the specification and design of this software (Craigen et al., 1994).
Virally induced lytic cell death elicits the release of immunogenic GRP94/gp96.

Necrotic cell death yields the release of cellular components that can function in the initiation of cellular immune responses. Given the established capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 (gp96) to elicit CD8+ T cell activation, we have investigated the cellular fate and antigenicity of GRP94 in differing scenarios of cell death. Virally induced cell death or mechanical cell death, elicited by freeze/thaw treatment of cell suspensions, yielded GRP94 release into the extracellular space; apoptotic cell death occurring in response to serum deprivation did not elicit GRP94 release. To assess the antigenicity of GRP94 released following virally induced cell death (lethal infection of cells with rVV ES-OVAMet258–265, a recombinant, ovalbumin epitope-expressing vaccinia virus) or mechanical cell death (freeze/thaw of ovalbumin-expressing cells), tissue culture supernatant fractions were pulsed onto antigen-presenting cells, and antigen re-presentation was assayed as activation of an ovalbumin-specific T cell hybridoma. For both cell death scenarios, released GRP94 elicited a dose-dependent, ovalbumin-specific, hybridoma activation. In contrast, calreticulin derived from rVV ES-OVAMet258–265-infected cell extracts did not stimulate B3Z activity. These data identify GRP94 as an antigenic component released upon pathological, but not apoptotic, cell death and provide an assay system for the identification of cellular components of related activity.
Oxidative cleavage of lipids with sodium metaperiodate in pyridine

The cleavage of alpha-diols and alpha-amino alcohols with sodium metaperiodate proceeds under mild conditions and in high yields when pyridine is used as reaction medium. The method is suitable for preparative as well as analytical applications.
From Research to Practice: The Effect of Multi- Component Vocabulary Instruction on Increasing Vocabulary and Comprehension Performance in Social Studies

This study was designed to demonstrate the effect of implementing multi-component vocabulary strategy instruction in fourth grade social studies. Curriculum was designed for a six-week period and was intended to actively engage students and reinforce retention of word meanings in isolation and in context. Teachers were randomly chosen for assignment to the intervention and/or to the comparison group. The study included 375 fourth-grade students from 3 different districts and 5 schools. The student population consisted of 29 classes taught by 23 different teachers. Two different vocabulary and comprehension measures were administered, and results were analyzed using difference score analyses and repeated measures ANOVAs. Outcomes were consistent across both administered measures. Although student scores improved in both the group receiving the intervention and the group receiving regular classroom instruction, findings indicated that the group receiving the intervention showed greater gains and persisted longer than in the comparison classrooms.
Promoting vitamin D uptake in pregnancy and the puerperium

Vitamin D deficiency throughout the childbearing continuum is a major public health issue, and supplementation is an arguably cost-effective and simple way of increasing maternal health and ensuring fetal wellbeing (Christesen et al, 2012). The evidence underpinning supplementation needs further exploration to accurately determine safe and appropriate levels of vitamin D to avoid toxicity and prevent harmful effects to mother and baby (World Health Organization, 2012). Despite this, maternity health professionals in the UK should advise routine vitamin D supplementation for all women in line with national guidance (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014). As key providers of public health information, midwives and health visitors hold an important role in advice and management of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation, including educating women and families around associated risks and how to increase vitamin D uptake.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Thirty two genotypes of rice were evaluated for seven traits during 2002 to estimate genetic variability and interrelationship among them. A wide range of variation was recorded for all the traits. Highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were recorded for grain yield (t/ha). A high estimate of heritability coupled with high genetic advance for height suggested the predominance of additive gene action for this trait. Study of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients indicated that biological yield per plot and harvest index were significantly and positively associated with grain yield. It is suggested that selection for these two traits might be helpful in enhancing the grain yield.
AGRICULTURAL TRADE OPENNESS AND POVERTY REDUCTION: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

This paper explores the effects of general and agricultural trade openness on economic freedom and alongside with the quality of institutions, on income and poverty. Recent cross-country data for over 200 nations in global regions were used to estimate equations for income, poverty and economic freedom. Economic freedom appears to have positive impacts on income levels, which together with good institutions reduce poverty. It is also concluded that poverty is determined both directly and indirectly by institutions. A typical finding of this paper is that, in general, economic freedom is associated with trade openness and with agriculture trade liberalization.