cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distortions in Direct Modulation of Laser Diodes

For analog transmission systems, linearity is a prime parameter. In fiber optics systems, the general modulation responses of the laser diode are well known [19], and their harmonic distortion characteristics have been theoretically analyzed [20, 21, 22]. This chapter describes a “perturbation” analytic approach for obtaining closed-form solutions of harmonic distortions generated in the modulated optical intensity output of a laser diode under a pure single-tone sinusoidal modulation. The predictions are corroborated with experimental studies.
Outcomes of DA-EPOCH-R induction plus autologous transplant consolidation for double hit lymphoma.

High-grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (double hit) has a poor prognosis with standard R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). We report her...
Separation Management Office: Leading Practices

Separations are lengthy, operationally taxing, costly, one-time events with the opportunity to generate enormous value for companies on both sides. If done right, it can result in a seller who is cost and operationally efficient, focused and nimble with accretive partnerships and fit-for-purpose in the right size. Done right, the buyer will acquire a viable organization and hit the ground running to enable an effective integration with partnerships in place to drive immediate revenue momentum starting Day 1. Done wrong, it can result in higher cost and operational inefficiencies that will rob value from both parties.
Modeling the multi-scale mechanisms of macromolecular resource allocation

As microbes face changing environments, they dynamically allocate macromolecular resources to produce a particular phenotypic state. Broad 'omics' data sets have revealed several interesting phenomena regarding how the proteome is allocated under differing conditions, but the functional consequences of these states and how they are achieved remain open questions. Various types of multi-scale mathematical models have been used to elucidate the genetic basis for systems-level adaptations. In this review, we outline several different strategies by which microbes accomplish resource allocation and detail how mathematical models have aided in our understanding of these processes. Ultimately, such modeling efforts have helped elucidate the principles of proteome allocation and hold promise for further discovery.
RADIATION DAMAGE IN A–15 MATERIALS: EXAFS STUDIES

EXAFS measurements are useful in determining the local atomic environment of a particular element in a solid. Since there has been some controversy about the nature of the defects produced in A–15 materials by radiation damage, we have carried out such studies on some A–15 compounds. We have studied V3Ga which was damaged by neutrons, as well as Nb3Ge damaged by 2.5 MeV α particles. In the V3Ga sample, site exchange disorder seems to be the most important result of the neutron damage with less than 20% of the vanadium atoms on wrong sites. However, in the Nb3Ge sample we find in addition to site exchange disorder, an unusual splitting of the first near-neighbor distance between the Ge and Nb. This splitting, approximately 0.2 A, may explain the large Debye Waller factors observed by Burbank et al. (1979) .
Titles for me but not for thee: transitional gains trap of property rights extension in Colombia

I apply Tullock’s transitional gains trap to the formalization of property titles in Latin America to understand public choice problems in mending institutions. In an area where land is owned by formal and informal institutions, policies to extend property rights will not be supported by voters holding legal title because it will devalue their property. To test this I use data from Colombia where a peace deal to end a 50-year conflict with Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia rebels was reached in 2016 and put to a public referendum. The deal included formalization of property titles across the nation as well as an end to the conflict. Using municipal-level data on voting and property ownership and controlling for conflict history, I find potential losses to formal property holders pushed median voter preferences toward dissension. A 1% increase in legally titled land increases dissenting vote share by 3% points. These results are relevant to institutional reforms anywhere with corrupted property rights.
Primacy of the leader, obscuration of followers: The discourse of leadership in the business media

Abstract The study explored the construction of leadership in the business media by focusing on four widely read online business e-magazines. Using Foucauldian discourse analysis, a sample of 806 online e-magazine articles published between 2015 and 2018 were systematically studied. The construction does not only grant primacy to the leader, but also it obscures followers and other secondary social actors. The study contributes to existing literature on leadership representation, leadership stakeholders involved in such discursive process, and their routine practices of writing leadership texts that legitimize certain meanings at the expense of others. The paper suggests that such a construction of leadership in the business media impacts both followers’ and aspiring leaders’ perceptions, ultimately limiting what can be envisioned and enacted.
VRGE: An Immersive Visualization Application for the Geosciences

The rapid onset of inexpensive, portable virtual reality (VR) devices has created opportunities for scientific visualization tools that harness this new, immersive modality. Researchers in the geological sciences, in particular those focused on earth resources (energy, water, minerals), are faced with significant challenges in building and understanding increasingly complex geological models. In this paper, we address these joint opportunities by introducing the Virtual Reality Geomodeling Environment (VRGE): a scientific visualization tool leveraging the Oculus Rift VR system, specialized for users involved in geological modeling. VRGE offers a number of features for viewing and interacting with geological models in VR, including human-centric navigation and manipulation, implicit surface editing, visual conditioning, and uncertainty analysis. Moreover, we examine how the design of VRGE meets current needs of the earth resources industry, in the context of reviewing the state-of-the-art, conducting an expert survey, and discussing performance.
The carbon consequences of thinning Allegheny hardwoods: Lessons learned from a study designed to inform SILVAH development

About 50 years ago, scientists and managers collaborated in an effort that would evolve into the Silviculture of Allegheny Hardwoods (SILVAH) system. Stout and Brose (2014) summarize this unusual story. SILVAH includes components that range from inventory methods to training sessions to management prescriptions, all of which were designed from the ground up and driven by the needs of managers working in Allegheny hardwood forests. Today, SILVAH has been expanded to support oak forest types. Decision support systems often summarize expert knowledge and synthesize guidelines; scientists experimented with many of SILVAH's underlying principles, which managers tested to develop this system. A good example is the set of thinning guidelines. A multiple-block replicated thinning study was established in 1975 to determine the thinning prescription that would provide the desired results for Allegheny hardwood stands.
Team-Specific Human Capital and Team Performance: Evidence from Doctors

This paper studies whether team members' past collaboration creates team-specific human capital and influences current team performance. Using administrative Medicare claims for two heart procedures, I find that shared work experience between the doctor who performs the procedure ("proceduralist") and the doctors who provide care to the patient during the hospital stay for the procedure ("physicians") reduces patient mortality rates. A one standard deviation increase in proceduralist-physician shared work experience leads to a 10–14 percent reduction in patient 30-day mortality. Patient medical resource use also declines with shared work experience, even as survival improves.
Sediment microbiomes associated with critical habitat of the juvenile American horseshoe crab; limulus polyphemus.

Plumb Beach, Brooklyn, New York in USA is an important horseshoe crab breeding and nursery ground that has experienced substantial anthropogenic influence, including pollution, erosion and subsequent restoration. Since little is known about the relationship between sediment microbial communities and juvenile horseshoe crab survival, next generation sequencing was used to characterize and compare the sediment microbiome of three distinct areas of Plumb Beach:- a tidal creek with abundant juveniles, East Beach with moderate number of juveniles, and West Beach- a highly disturbed area where juvenile crabs are rarely seen. The microbiome of juvenile crab intestinal content (both dissected gut content and fecal flush content) from the tidal creek site was also examined. The results showed that in our 2017 survey, the overall dominant sediment orders at all beach sites were Vibrionales (30%), Flavobacteriales (22%) and Alteromonadales (21%). Although alpha diversity was similar among the three beach sites, Bray-Curtis distances assessed by Permanova revealed significant differences in Beta diversity, with a unique microbial assemblage found in the tidal creek. Both crab gut and fecal flush samples did not sequence well, showing low species diversity and very high variability. This study is the first to use next generation sequencing to characterize Plumb Beach sediment microbes and the first attempt to examine the gut microbiome of juvenile horseshoe crabs. This information will contribute to understanding the relationships between sediment microbial assemblages and juvenile crab populations within this important urban habitat.
11 – Polyolefin nanocomposite fibers and films

: Polyolefins are a major part of plastics used in our daily life. However, the use of polyolefins in some demanding areas, such as high temperature engineering applications, is limited due to their low melting temperature and insufficient mechanical properties. With the advent of nanotechnology, polyolefin nanocomposites have become increasingly important materials for applications no one would have imagined before. Methods of embedding carbon nanotubes, nanosilicates, nanosized metal oxides, and nanostructured molecules into polyolefin composites are being researched and developed extensively. Through solution mixing and melt compounding, two most convenient processes, nanoparticles can be added to the polymer matrix. The useful characterization techniques for nanocomposites are SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and thermal analysis. The recently reported R&D efforts concentrate on the improvement of mechanical properties, gas permeability, thermal and fire properties, dyeability, and optical transparency.
Open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with incidental finding of an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl:

ObjectivesPheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. The most common location of ...
State-of-the-Art Review-Endovascular Resuscitation.

ABSTRACT The emerging concept of endovascular resuscitation applies catheter-based techniques in the management of patients in shock to manipulate physiology, optimize hemodynamics, and bridge to definitive care. These interventions hope to address an unmet need in the care of severely injured patients, or those with refractory non-traumatic cardiac arrest, who were previously deemed non-survivable. These evolving techniques include Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta, Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and there is a growing literature base behind them. This review presents the up-to-date techniques and interventions, along with their application, evidence base, and controversy within the new era of endovascular resuscitation.
Coda: A Rupture in Time

The COVID-19 pandemic marks a temporal rupture that, amid all the tragedies entailed therein, is deeply entangled with one of the largest uprisings in modern history. Not only has the virus disprop...
Theft, Opioid Pills, Unemployment, and Insurance: A Longitudinal Analysis of American Counties in the Wake of the Opioids Crisis:

This study examines the relationships between prescription opioid pills, unemployment, health insurance, and theft. Covering the years 2006–2012, our data are an aggregate of information from the D...
The Impact of India's Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) Programme on the Utilization of Maternity Services: A Modelling Study

Background: In 2006, the Government of India launched a community health worker programme called the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programme, with the goal to connect marginalized communities to the healthcare system and improve maternity health outcomes. We assessed the effect of the ASHA programme on the utilization of maternity services. Methods: We used data from Indian Human Development Surveys done in 2004-2005, and in 2011-2012 to assess demographic and socio-economic factors associated with the receipt of ASHA services; and used difference-in-difference analysis with cluster-level fixed effects to assess the effect of the ASHA programme on the utilization of at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit, four or more ANC visits, skilled attendance at birth (SBA) and delivery at a health facility. Findings: Substantial variations in the receipt of ASHA services were reported with 66% of women in northeastern states, 30% in high-focus states, and 16% of women in other states. In areas where active ASHA activity was reported, the poorest women, and women belonging to scheduled castes and other backwards castes, had the highest odds of receiving ASHA services. Exposure to ASHA services was associated with a 17% (95% CI 11.8-22.1) increase in ANC-1, 5% increase in four or more ANC visits (95% CI -1.6 - 11.1), 26% increase in SBA (95% CI 20-31.1), and 28% increase (95% CI 22.4-32.8) in facility births. Interpretation: Our results suggest that the ASHA programme is successfully connecting marginalized communities to maternity health services. The study highlights the need improve the coverage of four or more ANC visits, and target programmatic activities to women belonging to scheduled tribes. Given the potential of the ASHA in impacting service utilization, we emphasize the need to strengthen strategies to recruit, train, incentivize and retain ASHAs. Funding: None Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest that would influence the results and recommendations of this work. Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was received from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board.
High Pressure Processing vs. Thermal Pasteurization of Whole Concord Grape Puree: Effect on Nutritional Value, Quality Parameters and Refrigerated Shelf Life

High-pressure processing (HPP) is utilized for food preservation as it can ensure product safety at low temperatures, meeting consumers’ demand for fresh-like and minimally processed products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of HPP (600 MPa, 3 min, 5 °C) and pasteurization by heat treatment (HT, 63 °C, 3 min) on the production of a novel whole Concord grape puree product (with skin and seeds, no waste), and the shelf-life of the puree under refrigerated storage (4 °C). Microbial load, physicochemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activity, composition and sensorial attributes of puree samples were evaluated. HPP- and HT-treated purees were microbiologically stable for at least 4 months under refrigeration, with less microbial growth and longer shelf life for HPP samples. HPP and HT samples had similar levels of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities throughout the 4-month refrigerated storage period, even though HPP retained >75% PPO and POD enzyme activities while those of HT were less than 25%. Inclusion of seeds in the puree product significantly increased the fiber, protein, total fatty acid, and linoleic acid contents. Sensory results showed that HPP-treated puree retained more fresh-like grape attributes, had better consistency, and showed significantly higher ratings in consumer overall liking, product ranking, and purchase intent than the HT puree (p < 0.05).
RECIRCULATION AND SAND-FEED TYPE FLUME EXPERIMENTS

Two types of open-channel laboratory flumes (recirculating and sand feed) are used to simulate the hydraulic and sediment transport phenomena which occur in natural sand-bed streams. A 20-cm wide by 10-m long flume which could be operated either as a feed system or as a recirculation system was used to compare the two systems with respect to the hydraulic and sediment transport conditions prevailing at equilibrium for bed configurations from ripples through antidunes. For equilibrium flow with an approximately uniform sand, no significant differences were found between the two systems. In addition to this quantitative study, some qualitative observations were made of the responses of both systems to induced non-equilibrium conditions. It was found that any change which produced a change in the sediment transport rate resulted in new equilibrium conditions for both systems. For the feed system, however, changes other than to the feed rate resulted in the system returning to the conditions prevailing before the change.
Design and analysis of FSS radomes

In this paper, design and analysis of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) radomes are discussed. Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBC) are employed for the analysis of planar radome wall configuration with frequency selective surface layer sandwiched between the dielectric layers. The transmission/reflection coefficients obtained from the PBC analysis can be transformed into frequency dependent impedance parameters, used to define an Impedance Sheet. The impedance sheet feature can be used to realize any arbitrary shaped radome, instead of explicitly modeling the dielectric layers with the FSS.
Johnny's so long at the ferromagnet

Starting from the standard quantum formalism for a single spin \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$\frac{1}{2}$$ \end{document} system (e.g., an electron), this essay develops a model rich enough not only to afford an explication of symmetry breaking but also to frame questions about how to circumscribe physical possibility on behalf of theories that countenance symmetry breaking.
Acute Pain Control Challenges with Buprenorphine/Naloxone Therapy in a Patient with Compartment Syndrome Secondary to McArdle's Disease: A Case Report and Review

Objective We report the first case of non-iatrogentic exertional rhabdomyolysis leading to acute compartment syndrome in a patient with McArdle's disease. We describe considerations of concurrent buprenorphine/naloxone therapy during episodes of severe acute pain. Design Case report. Case Presentation A 50-year-old male with a history of McArdle's disease, taking buprenorphine/naloxone for chronic pain and opioid dependence, presented to the Emergency Department with severe bilateral anterior thigh pain. Over the following 8 hours, he was given a total of 12 mg of intravenous hydromorphone with minimal pain relief. The decision was made to initiate patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with hydromorphone started at 0.5 mg as needed with a 15-minute lockout. Subsequently, the patient's anterior thighs were found to be extremely tense. His creatine kinase level rose to 198,688 units/L and compartment pressures were greater than 90 mm Hg bilaterally. The patient was taken for emergent bilateral fasciotomies. The hydromorphone PCA was increased to 0.8 mg as needed with a 15-minute lockout and a basal rate of 0.5 mg/h. The patient's reported pain plateaued at 3/10 intensity 2 days after surgery, and he was transitioned to oxycodone and hydrocodone/acetaminophen. He followed up with his pain management physician 2 months later who restarted suboxone and a buphrenorphine transdermal patch. Discussion Buprenorphine/naloxone is being prescribed off-label with increasing frequency for pain management in patients with or without a history of opioid abuse. Severe acute pain is more difficult to control with opioid analgesics in patients taking buprenorphine/naloxone, requiring higher than usual doses. If buprenorphine/naloxone is discontinued to better treat acute pain with other opioids, monitoring for overdose must take place for at least 72 hours.
Cryocooler Electromagnetic Compatibility

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, under joint Ballistic Missile and Defense Organization (BMDO)/Air Force and NASA/Eos Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sponsorship, is conducting extensive space cryocooler characterization to provide a reliable and accurate data base on cryocooler performance for use by the space community. As the number of cryocoolers taken through the characterization program increases, it is possible to synthesize the test results to allow performance trends and similarities and differences among the coolers to be observed.
Malay-Chinese Interethnic Communication: An Analysis of Sensemaking in Everyday Experiences

This dissertation explores everyday communication patterns among ethnic Malays and Chinese in multicultural Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines communication strategies and the concept of sensemaking (Weick, 1969, 1979, 1995) in interethnic interpersonal communication processes. Because interethnic communication requires individuals, as social organisms (Blumer, 1969), to possess intercultural sensitivity (Condon & Yousef, 1975; Orbe, 1995), the notions of ethnicized knowledge and sensemaking in interactions involving different Asian groups merit further examination. In order to engage in this work, researchers must get inside the defining process of the socially diverse actors to further understand their symbolic (inter)actions (Blumer, 1969). This study demonstrates how ethnic sensemaking is co-constructed and represented through the dynamics of negotiated strategies including tactical ambiguities in interpersonal interethnic relationships. Data for the study were collected through a qualitative interpretive approach which included in-situ observations in a natural setting and in-depth interviews among selected individuals from two ethnic groups, and a study of relevant government documents and media coverage on the subjects. The data were analyzed using a rhetorical framework that focused on sensemaking. The study demonstrates that an understanding of interethnic communication as a social phenomenon is very critical in programs promoting societal integration in multicultural contexts.
Role of family members in sport socialization of children.

Abstract Concepts from a social learning paradigm previously applied to adults and athletes were used in an exploratory examination of the role significant others play in influencing children's active sport involvement. Results indicated that the traditional comparison of family, peers, and teachers was not applicable to girls and only slightly applicable to boys. A more in-depth examination of the family unit demonstrated that parents, rather than siblings, have significant influence on both sexes. Examination of each family member's influence revealed that only the father served as a significant influence on children's sport participation. A reformulated conceptualization of the influence of significant others proved to be a more effective predictor of children's sport involvement. These findings should be treated primarily as indicators for areas of future investigation.
Congenital absence of the pulmonic valve. Report of a case in a seventy-three-year-old man.

Abstract The case of a 73 year old Negro man with congenital absence of the pulmonic valve is reported. The congenital anomaly was not suspected prior to autopsy. It is believed that this patient's survival is the longest on medical record with this type of lesion.
Retinoyl β-Glucuronide: A Biologically Active Interesting Retinoid

Numerous reports have indicated that the biological activity of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) is similar to that of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), but without the toxic side effects of RA. In the present series of studies, we report new findings that support the contention that RAG can function as a nontoxic substitute for RA in a variety of clinic settings. One study on the effects of s.c. injected graded doses of RA and RAG (20-480 micromol/kg BW) into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats showed that any differences between RAG and RA could be observed only at the highest dose levels of 360 and 420 micromol/kg BW, with RAG being much less toxic than RA. Similarly, daily topical application of RAG (0.16-1.6%) and RA (0.1-0.5%) to shaved swine dorsal skin for six mo resulted in redness and scabbing in RA-treated patches, and to a lesser extent in 1.6% RAG-treated, but not in other RAG-treated patches. Histological scores were significantly higher in the dermis and epidermis of RA-treated pigs than in RAG-treated pigs. Studies to document the pharmacokinetics of chronically administered RAG in mice indicated that, unlike RA, sustained blood levels of parent retinoid (RAG) can be achieved during at least 2 mo of daily administration. Another investigation to study the effects of RAG on the development and growth in nude mice of tumors derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line LA-N-5 showed that s.c. injection of RAG (30 micromol/kg BW) reduced tumor formation when the retinoid was first administered 3 d before tumor injection and continued daily for 30 d thereafter. In established tumors, RAG was shown to inhibit progressive tumor growth, the antitumor effects of RAG being comparable with RA. However, with RAG, as opposed to RA, there were no significant adverse physical side effects. Based on the results of these series of studies along with ample published reports over the last 15 y, we conclude that RAG may be a safe and effective alternative to RA and some other retinoids that are presently being utilized in the clinic.
Use of the Teres Major Muscle in Chimeric Subscapular System Free Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction

Importance We present what we believe to be the first case series in which the teres major muscle is used as a free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Objectives To describe our experience with the teres major muscle in free flap reconstruction of head and neck defects and to identify advantages of this approach. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review was performed at 2 tertiary care centers between February 1, 2007, and June 30, 2012. Data analysis was conducted from July 31, 2014, through December 1, 2014. Intervention Teres major muscle free flap for use in head and neck reconstruction. Main Outcomes and Measures Indications for use, complications, and outcomes including donor site morbidity. Results The teres major free flap was used in 11 patients as a component of chimeric subscapular system free flaps for a variety of complex head and neck defects. The teres major muscle was used to fill soft-tissue defects of the neck, face, and nasal cavity; it provided substantial soft-tissue volume but was less bulky than the latissimus dorsi muscle. The teres major muscle was also used to provide protection for vascular anastomoses and/or great vessels and to enhance soft-tissue coverage of the mandibular reconstruction plate. In addition, the muscle was selected as a substrate for skin grafting where inadequate neck skin remained. Flap survival occurred in 10 of 11 flaps (91%). Two flaps (18%) demonstrated venous congestion that was managed successfully. Two patients (18%) developed minor recipient-site complications (submental fistula and infection with recurrent wound dehiscence and plate exposure). All donor sites healed well, with chronic, mild shoulder pain noted in 2 patients (18%) and no postoperative seromas observed in any patient. Conclusions and Relevance Addition of the teres major muscle to a subscapular system free flap is an option for reconstruction of a variety of complex head and neck defects, particularly when a moderate amount of soft tissue is required. In select cases, the teres major muscle may have advantages over the latissimus dorsi muscle.
Reconciling the Relational Echoes of Addiction Holding On

This article explores the negotiation of a father–son relationship in the context of addiction, as conveyed from the vantage point of the relationship the author maintains with his father. The author conveys narrative fragments to explore a range of facets of the relationship and to illustrate how relationships of this kind often resist easy answers. Indeed, they are multifaceted interactional processes confounded by the powerful grip of history and emotion. In seeking a clearer understanding of the complexities of the father–son relationship within addiction, the author aims for a fuller understanding of the difficulties that motivate and complicate his own recovery.
Shape restricted nonparametric regression with Bernstein polynomials

The objective of this article is to develop a computationally efficient estimator of the regression function subject to various shape constraints. In particular, nonparametric estimators of monotone and/or convex (concave) regression functions are obtained by using a nested sequence of Bernstein polynomials. One of the key distinguishing features of the proposed estimator is that a given shape constraint (e.g., monotonicity and/or convexity) is maintained for any finite sample size and satisfied over the entire support of the predictor space. Moreover, it is shown that the Bernstein polynomial based regression estimator can be obtained as a solution of a constrained least squares method and hence the estimator can be computed efficiently using a quadratic programming algorithm. Finally, the asymptotic properties (e.g., strong uniform consistency) of the estimator are established under very mild conditions, and finite sample properties are explored using several simulation studies and real data analysis. The predictive performances are compared with some of the existing methods.
Raman scattering from sodium and silver in β-alumina

Abstract Raman scattering is observed from the vibrations of the mobile sodium and silver ions in β-alumina between 4.2 and 900°K. The frequency response is Lorentzian at all temperatures above 300°K with little change in frequencies and damping rates. It is concluded that diffusive conduction with a well-defined attempt frequency predominates up to 900°K.
Evolution: 'snowed' in with the enemy.

Summary Explaining the origins and maintenance of cooperation in nature is a key challenge in evolutionary biology. A recent study demonstrates two novel mechanisms through which the natural ecology of sinking ocean aggregates — colloquially called ‘marine snow' — promotes cooperation.
Negative evidence for effects of genetic origin of bees on Nosema ceranae, positive evidence for effects of Nosema ceranae on bees

In two tests, honey bee colonies of different origins were sampled monthly to detect possible differential infection with Nosema ceranae; colony sizes and queen status were monitored quarterly. One experiment used queens crossed with drones of the same type obtained from colonies which had previously exhibited high and low infections. A second experiment used queens from ten commercial sources. No clear genotypic (P = 0.682) or phenotypic (P = 0.623) differences in infection were evident. Colony deaths and supersedures did not relate significantly with infection except for deaths of colonies in the autumn (P = 0.02). Significant effects on colony growth were found in all seasons: average 3-month decreases in population ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 frames of bees per million N. ceranae per bee. These results confirm that N. ceranae can be involved in weakening of colonies even in warm climates and suggest that breeding for resistance may require more intense selection, larger base populations, or different screening methods.
Convergent and Divergent Thinking in the Context of Narrative Mysteries

This project demonstrates how narrative mysteries provide a context in which readers engage in creative cognition. Drawing on the concepts of convergent and divergent thinking, we wrote stories that had either convergent or divergent outcomes. For example, one story had a character give his girlfriend a ring (a convergent outcome), whereas the contrasting version of the story had the character give his girlfriend a gun (a divergent outcome). In Experiment 1, participants took more time to read sentences depicting divergent outcomes. This result replicates past research documenting the impact of expectation violations. Experiment 2 used a speak-aloud paradigm to explore the content of readers' thoughts in the context of convergent and divergent outcomes. Analyses of participants' responses indicated that convergent outcomes prompted people to respond with more features of convergent thinking, whereas divergent outcomes prompted them to respond with more features of divergent thinking. These results support...
Mechanisms of Decomposition of (Z)-2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-arylethanediazoates in Aqueous Media

A study of the kinetics of decay of three (Z)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-arylethanediazoates at 25 °C in aqueous media, 4% 2-propanol by volume, ionic strength 1 M (NaClO4) in the pH range 4−13, as well as the results of experiments to detect deuterium incorporation into products from solvent is reported. It is concluded in the case of the unsubstituted compound that the buffer-independent reaction involves rate-limiting heterolytic bond fission of the diazoic acid to yield a diazonium ion intermediate, and a similar mechanism is indicated for the other two compounds. General acid catalysis of the decay of the diazoic acids at pH < 7 is observed, and it is concluded that the reaction involves rate-limiting N−O bond cleavage of the diazoic acid that is concerted with protonation of the leaving hydroxide ion by the catalyst.
Wavelength-scaled ultra-wide bandwidth multi-function phased arrays

Based on successful paper studies of finite wavelength-scaled array architectures, proof of concept hardware has been designed, built, and tested. For the initial studies, flared-notch radiators [6, 7] were selected due to the combination of ultra-wide bandwidths and low VSWR levels. In 2009, a prototype wavelength-scaled array of flared notches was produced, with some preliminary results reported in the literature [8]. Fig. 1 shows the assembled hardware. Designed for operation from 1–8GHz, the structure consists of 160 elements in each polarization. Using a single radiator type, the equivalent 32×32 uniform array would require 1024 elements in each polarization. The simulated VSWR of the structure for broadside radiation is shown in Fig. 2, which is observed to be relatively low, considering the small array size (effectively an 8×8 array). Fig. 3 shows the sampled near-fields across the array aperture, demonstrating that uniform illumination is possible given the disjoint radiator types. Equivalently, Fig. 4 shows that the measured far-field patterns for the structure are uniform with well-defined nulls. In this talk, we will review some candidate architectural layouts, discuss advantages and disadvantages of the concept, and evaluate relevant performance metrics. Several different wavelength-scaled array architectures are being considered, with emphasis on aperture layout and radiator selection.
Role for an essential tyrosine in peptide amidation

The catalytic core of the peptidyl-α-hydroxyglycine α-amidating lyase (PAL) domain of peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase was investigated with respect to its ability to function as a ureidoglycolate lyase and the identity and role of its bound metal ions. The purified PAL catalytic core (PALcc) contains molar equivalents of calcium and zinc along with substoichiometric amounts of iron and functions as a ureidoglycolate lyase. Limiting iron availability in the cells synthesizing PALcc reduces the specific activity of the enzyme produced. Concentrated samples of native PALcc have an absorption maximum at 560 nm, suggestive of a phenolate-Fe(III) charge transfer complex. An essential role for a Tyr residue was confirmed by elimination of PAL activity following site-directed mutagenesis. Purified PALcc in which the only conserved Tyr residue (Tyr654) was mutated to Phe was secreted normally, but was catalytically inactive and lacked bound iron and bound zinc. Our data demonstrate an essential role for Tyr654 and suggest that it serves as an Fe(III) ligand in an essential iron-zinc bimetallic site.
The relationship between quadriceps muscle weakness and worsening of knee pain in the MOST cohort: a 5-year longitudinal study

Summary Objective To determine whether quadriceps weakness is associated with elevated risk of worsening knee pain over 5 years. Methods The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) is a longitudinal study of 50–79-year-old adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) or known risk factors for knee OA. The predictor variable was baseline isokinetic quadriceps strength. Covariates included baseline body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, and history of knee surgery. The outcome was worsening pain reported on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale or knee replacement surgery between baseline and 5-year follow-up. Analyses were knee-based and used generalized estimating equations, stratified by sex to assess whether the lowest compared with the highest tertile of baseline quadriceps strength was associated with an increased risk of worsening knee pain at 5-year follow-up, controlling for age, BMI, history of knee surgery, and physical activity level as well as correlation between knees within participants. Results Analyses of worsening knee pain included 4,648 knees from 2,404 participants (61% female). Men with lower quadriceps strength did not have a higher risk of worsening knee pain (RR {95% CI} = 1.01 {0.78–1.32}, P = 0.9183). However, women in the lowest compared with the highest strength tertile had a 28% increased risk of worsening knee pain (RR {95% CI} = 1.28 {1.08–1.52}, P = 0.0052). Conclusion Quadriceps weakness was associated with an increased risk of worsening of knee pain over 5 years in women, but not in men.
Using A New Accelerometry Method to Assess Lifestyle Movement Patterns of Americans: Influence of Demographic and Chronic Disease Characteristics

The objective of this study was to examine factors (e.g., medical conditions) that influence the balance of lifestyle movement patterns of Americans. 6,093 U.S. adults from the 2003-2006 NHANES were evaluated. Four mutually exclusive lifestyle behavior groups included: 1) meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines and having a positive light-intensity PA-sedentary (LIPA-SED) balance (i.e., LIPA ≥ SED); 2) meeting PA guidelines, but having a negative LIPA-SED balance (i.e., LIPA < SED); 3) not meeting PA guidelines, but having a positive LIPA-SED balance; and 4) not meeting PA guidelines and having a negative LIPA-SED balance. The majority of individuals with chronic disease (e.g., stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, emphysema, and arthritis) and other impairments (e.g., vision and hearing impairment) were classified in the least desirable lifestyle group. Results showed that, for example, those with chronic kidney disease, compared to those without chronic kidney disease, were 2.6 times more likely to be in the least desirable movement group compared to the most desirable lifestyle movement group. Initially, efforts should focus on creating a positive LIPA-SED balance and doing so among those with chronic disease.
Synthetic aperture, holographic, chirped confocal process

We describe a confocal imaging process using monochromatic, spatially coherent light. An unfocussed beam illuminates an object plane, and a stationary detector records a hologram. The image formed from the hologram is scanned, creating an image equivalent to the basic confocal image.
Pathways and Barriers to Indian Language Literacy-building on the Northern Ute Reservation

This article reviews recent efforts on the Northern Ute Indian reservation (northeastern Utah) to introduce a written form of the Tribe's ancestral language and to promote tribal interest in ancestral language literacy. Tribal members have been the architects of these initiatives and tribal concerns about impending decline in ancestral language fluency have motivated them. Even under these circumstances, resistance to ancestral language literacy remains strong. This article examines factors contributing to that resistance, and then describes steps taken by tribal language educators to respond to and diffuse those concerns.
Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test Factor Invariance Across Deaf and Standardization Samples

The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) is an individually administered, nonverbal intelligence test designed for use with non-English-speaking, limited English proficient, or deaf childre...
Influence of Surface Topography on the Effectiveness of Pulsed Light Treatment for the Inactivation of Listeria innocua on Stainless-steel Surfaces

Pulsed light (PL) treatment has been proven effective for killing a wide variety of microorganisms on foods and food contact materials. However, there is concern regarding how shading may impact the effectiveness of PL when applied to imperfect surfaces. The main objective of this work was to examine how surface properties, particularly topography, influence the microbicidal effect of PL. Four types of stainless-steel surfaces were inoculated with Listeria innocua and treated with up to 12 pulses of light. The highest level of inactivation achieved was about a 4-log reduction. Initially, an increase in inactivation with increasing treatment intensity was observed, but the inactivation curves tailed off above 3 light pulses. The differences in inactivation levels among the 4 finishes at specific treatment levels were rather insignificant, but some interesting trends were observed. At low treatment levels, inactivation on the smoothest finish was slightly lower than for the other surfaces, due to clustering of the cells on the highly hydrophobic smooth surface and to its reflective nature. For the roughest surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirmed the preferential location of the cells inside surface features, which also promoted a relatively uniform distribution of the cells across the surface. This counter balanced to some extent of the shading effects, and as a result inactivation on the roughest surface was comparable to inactivation on the smoother surfaces. These results demonstrate that PL can be effective on both smooth and rough surfaces, but also indicate a complex effect of various surface properties on inactivation.
Late capitalism and postmodernism: Educational problems and possibilities

This work analyzes certain aspects of postmodernist thought in terms of the challenges it presents to the secular, radical democratic project to which the author subscribes. It is argued that much of postmodernist thought has been effective in attacking foundationalism, as well as supporting marginalized persons and ideas, but holds little promise with regard to building an integrative democratic community. Postmodernist radicalism has not usually been directed against capitalist power; therefore, it is not clear how this form of radicalism can be useful to a project that is predicated upon the incompatibilities between capitalism and bona fide democracy.
The Broadwell model for initial values in $L^{1}_{+}({\bf R})$

The Cauchy problem for the Broadwell model is shown to have a global mild solution for initial data inL + 1 (ℝ) with smallL1-norm, and a local solution for arbitrary initial data inL + 1 (ℝ). For data which are small inL1(ℝ), the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions ast→∞ is determined. Moreover, it is shown that a global solution exists for all initial values inL + 1 (ℝ) with finite entropy if theH-Theorem holds.
The Impact of Recent Data on the Optimization of Standards of Care in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer with a poor long-term prognosis. Treatment regimens for newly diagnosed disease range from surgical resection alone to surgery followed by radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Ongoing investigations are focused on optimization of chemotherapy by improving dosing and duration schedules and utilization of biomarkers for patient selection. Our understanding of glioblastoma tumor biology, the role of molecular signaling pathways, cellular repair mechanisms, and angiogenesis has increased greatly over the past few years, leading to the investigation of a variety of targeted therapies. In addition, advances in radiographic assessment have significantly impacted not only improvement in diagnosis, but interpretation of response to therapy. In order to effectively evaluate the clinical utility of new agents, as well as incorporate advances in radiographic assessment, changes to current clinical trial design need to be considered. This article reviews the care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma, as well as how recent findings might be incorporated into patient care.
The National Center on Indigenous Hawaiian Behavioral Health Study of Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Native Hawaiian Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objectives: The prevalence rates of disorders among a community-based sample of Hawaiian youths were determined and compared to previously published epidemiological studies. Method: Using a two-phase design, 7,317 adolescents were surveyed (60% participation rate), from which 619 were selected in a modified random sample during the 1992-1993 to 1995-1996 school years: 590 selected randomly and 29 at risk (i.e., Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score of ≥35 and suicidal risk) from grades 9-12. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 2.3, was used to determine DSM-III-R diagnoses. Prevalence rates, weighted for ethnicity, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scores, and suicide attempts, were calculated for any diagnosis and various disorders. Meta-analyses compared the Hawai‘i sample to four community-based studies (randomly selected youths from community populations) and two high-risk studies (homeless, low-income, or high unemployment communities). Results: Hawaiian females had the highest rate for any diagnosis (37.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.4%-48.0%) and non-Hawaiian males had the lowest rate (19.6%; 95% CI 14.8%-25.5%). Hawaiian males (26.8%; 95% CI 18.2%-37.5%) and non-Hawaiian females (27.9%; 95% CI 22.2%-34.4%) had intermediate and comparable rates. Overall, Hawaiians had significantly higher rates (32.7%; 95% CI 26.1%-40.1%) than non-Hawaiians (23.7%; 95% CI 19.9%-28.0%) when controlling for gender, and girls had significantly higher rates (30.8%; 95% CI 25.8%-36.3%) than boys (21.1%; 95% CI 16.8%-26.1%) when controlling for ethnicity. These findings were primarily the result of the significant differences in rates regarding anxiety disorders. Meta-analyses showed the Hawaiian youth rate for any diagnosis was comparable to high-risk studies and nearly three times higher than the community studies. Conclusions: Hawaiian youths, especially females, are at high risk. Research on the sociocultural factors that underpin both the genesis of and protection from psychopathology is imperative for Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian mixed-ethnicity youths.