cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF COUPLING CONSTANTS

The possibility of direct experimental determination of certain coupling constants or partial widths is examined. As an illustration of the proposed method the process $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N+\ensuremath{\pi}$ is discussed in some detail. Among other cases discussed are $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}+\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${{Y}_{0}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{K}+N$ (to determine the ${{Y}_{0}}^{*}$ spin), and $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}+\ensuremath{\pi}$.
DNA sequence of the early E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 5.

Abstract The DNA sequence of the early E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) has been determined and it has been compared to Ad2, as published previously [ J. Herisse, G. Courtois, and F. Galibert (1980) , Nucl. Acids Res. 8, 2173–2192; J. Herisse and F. Galibe (1981) , Nucl. Acids Res. 9, 1229–1240]. The E3 regions of Ad5 and Ad2 are quite homologous despite being nonessential for Ad growth in cultured cells. The major differences are “gaps” that exist either in Ad5 or Ad2 in intergenic regions. The conservation of sequences suggests that E3 plays a beneficial role in natural infection of humans. E3 appears to encode about seven to nine proteins; based on sequence, seven of these may be membrane proteins. Thus, E3 may be a transcription unit devoted to the synthesis of membrane proteins. The E3 genes lie essentially one after the other along the genome, and which gene is expressed from a given primary transcript is determined by the choice of the 3′ end site and the 5′ and 3′ splice sites. Almost all E3 mRNAs contain nonfunctional AUGs that are 5′ to the initiation codon. Codon usage is nonrandom. Although the CG dinucleotide frequency is low, CG clusters exist in the promoter and other regions.
A critical analysis of the numerical and analytical methods used in the construction of the lunar gravity potential model

Current knowledge of the lunar gravity field is presented. The various methods used in determining these gravity fields are investigated and analyzed. It will be shown that weaknesses exist in the current models of the lunar gravity field. The dominant part of this weakness is caused by the lack of lunar tracking data information (farside, polar areas), which makes modeling the total lunar potential difficult. Comparisons of the various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low-order coefficients of the Legendre polynomials expansions. However, substantial differences in the models can exist in the higher-order harmonics. The main purpose of this study is to assess today's lunar gravity field models for use in tomorrow's lunar mission designs and operations.
High-Achieving High School Students and Not So High-Achieving College Students: A Look at Lack of Self-Control, Academic Ability, and Performance in College

This study investigated the relationship among lack of self-control, academic ability, and academic performance for a cohort of freshman engineering students who were, with a few exceptions, extrem...
Effects of Immobilization Stress on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Permeability in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Summary: Immobilization of unanesthetized, freely breathing, 10-12-month-old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) did not significantly alter regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 13 of 14 brain regions assayed. After 5 or 15 min of immobilization, rCBF was unchanged except at the frontal lobe, where it rose significantly by 21%. Furthermore, immobilization did not increase the cerebrovascular permeability-area product for 14C-sucrose, except at three brain regions. The results indicate that immobilization of SHR does not significantly affect rCBF or blood-brain barrier permeability in most regions of the brain, and suggest that adequate autoregulation of rCBF is maintained under stress.
The World as Teacher by Harold Taylor. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1969. 322 pp. $6.95

(1970). The World as Teacher by Harold Taylor. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1969. 322 pp. $6.95. The Educational Forum: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 114-115.
The unique characteristics of inflammatory responses in mouse brain are acquired during postnatal development.

The kinetics of leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation in adult mouse brain differ from the stereotyped response occurring in non-CNS tissues; neutrophil recruitment is minimal and monocyte recruitment occurs after a 48 h delay. One aspect of the CNS microenvironment which may contribute to restricted leukocyte recruitment is the highly differentiated nature of resident CNS macrophages, the microglia. Thus we studied the inflammatory response to intracerebral injections of endotoxin in neonates in which microglia are less differentiated and resemble more closely macrophages of non-CNS tissues. Mice injected with endotoxin on the day of birth exhibited both neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to the parenchyma, but the response differed from that occurring in non-CNS tissues such as skin. Leukocyte recruitment was very slow, the mononuclear phagocyte response peaking 14 days after endotoxin injection. This sluggish inflammatory response was reminiscent of that previously described in fetal wounds. However, when endotoxin was injected into brains of 7-day-old neonates the inflammatory response resembled that seen in non-CNS tissues; i.e. prolific neutrophil recruitment and a brisk mononuclear phagocyte response. Thus the unusual inflammatory cell kinetics are a property of the mature CNS microenvironment; all signals necessary to support typical leukocyte recruitment are present in the brain by 7 days of age but the brain becomes able to restrict leukocyte immigration during subsequent postnatal development. Developmental changes in the host response to identical inflammatory challenges suggest a window during which the brain may be particularly vulnerable to inflammatory bystander damage.
The impacts of tourism development on perceptions and practices of sustainable wastewater management on the Placencia Peninsula, Belize

One of the consequences of rapid tourism expansion is abrupt pressure on local keystone resources such as water and energy. While novel wastewater technologies have been designed to close resource cycles and thereby diminish resource stress, little research has been undertaken to assess the coupled social, economic, and ecological components of system sustainability and resiliency in these areas. As a result, local decision makers often lack scientific information needed for making evidence-based and context-sensitive choices about new technologies. Involved stakeholders also lack resources to develop appropriate interventions to address human-environmental changes and unintended consequences. This article employs a grounded approach to sociocultural data analysis to critically examine how human perceptions and practices related to water, wastewater, and energy management in a rapidly growing tourist destination on the coast of Belize enable and constrain decision making with regard to technology adoption. Ethnographic research on the Placencia Peninsula in Belize focused on discerning perceptions of acceptability for the recovery of resources such as energy and nutrients from wastewater, local perceptions of health risks and benefits of such recovery, as well as how economic and environmental advantages of these processes intersect with local demands. Research reveals that local understandings are grounded in cultural practices, historical events and processes, contemporary political and economic issues, and variable awareness of environmental change. This study also reveals that the greatest barriers to the adoption and sustainability of new technologies include sharing technical and economic information broadly and providing opportunities for legitimate multilevel stakeholder participation in decision-making processes.
Cam-driven monochromator for QEXAFS

Abstract We have developed a cam-drive for quickly tuning the energy of an X-ray monochromator through an X-ray absorption edge for quick extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS). The data are collected using a 4-channel, 12-bit multiplexed VME analog to digital converter and a VME angle encoder. The VME crate controller runs a real-time operating system. This system is capable of collecting 2 EXAFS-scans in 1 s with an energy stability of better than 1 eV. Additional improvements to increase the speed and the energy stability are under way.
A circular-arc characterization of certain rectilinear drawings

In this paper we give a construction that produces exactly those graphs having maximum rectilinear crossing number equal to the subthrackle bound. We then prove a theorem characterizing these graphs in terms of proper circular-arc graphs. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Niche tourism attributes scale: a case of storm chasing

In spite of the rapid and large growth of niche tourism, and the proliferation of tour operators catering to such markets, limited information is available on the measurement of tour operator attributes that are critical to maximise the experience and needs of their tourists. Thus, a study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate different operational attributes of small storm-chasing tour operators. Findings reveal high internal reliability and utility for this niche market; additional testing is suggested to evaluate such scale among other small niche tourism operators.
Estimation of Age at Death in Human Males from Quantitative Histology of Bone Fragments

Studies were conducted to quantitate histological age changes in human bone cortex. Ground (undecalcified) and decalcified cross sections of mandible, femur and tibia were measured for: (1) number of osteons in two fields, (2) average number of lamellae per osteon, and (3) average Haversian canal diameter. These data were obtained from 59 subjects (52 males) ranging in age from 39 to 87 years. Multiple regression techniques were then utilized to estimate age at death from several combinations of these measurements. With age, the number of osteons per unit area of bone and the number of lamellae per osteon increased but Haversian canal diameter decreased. The number of lamellae per osteon had the least significant correlation with age. Multiple regression analyses indicated that in this age group age at death could be estimated to within six years of the true value in 95% of human males. Histological measurements of the mandible provided estimates that were consistently more accurate than those based on the two long bones. A monograph, prepared from mandibular measurements, can be used to estimate age at death between 40 and 80 years of age in the male human population. Significant sex differences were not noted and racial differences were not analyzed. It was concluded that, compared to existing morphologic methods, microstructure of bone cortex can be quantitated to estimate age at death more accurately. More extensive studies on race, sex and metabolic influences on age estimation from different bones would have important medico-legal and anthropologic implications. The experimental approach utilized here should also be useful in diagnostic pathology and in ageing research.
1-[2-Methoxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)]-2-aminopropane Unexpectedly Shows 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor Affinity and Antagonist Character

Certain phenylethylamines, such as 1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOB; 1a), are high-affinity 5-HT2 agonists. Previous structure−affinity studies have concluded that both the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern and the nature of substituents at the 4-position are important determinants of high affinity. We recently demonstrated that replacement of the bromo group of DOB with a 3-(phenyl)propyl substituent results in retention of affinity and that, counter to established structure−affinity relationships, the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern is no longer a requirement for the binding. The present investigation extends these findings by examining a series of analogues, 3, lacking a 5-methoxy group. It was additionally found that shifting the phenylalkyl substituent from the 4- to the 5-position (e.g., 4i) also results in retention of affinity. For example, 1-(2-methoxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-aminopropane (6; the α-methyl derivative of 4i) binds at 5-HT2A receptors with high affinity (Ki = 13 ...
THE ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENT OF THE ELECTRON

The ratio of the electron spin $g$ value and the proton $g$ value has been measured with high precision. It is found that $\frac{{g}_{s}}{{g}_{p}}=658.2288\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0006$, where ${g}_{p}$ is the $g$ value of the proton measured in a spherical sample of mineral oil. This result, when combined with the measurement by Gardner and Purcell of the ratio of the electron orbital $g$ value and the proton $g$ value, yields for the experimental value of the magnetic moment of the electron ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{s}=(1.001146\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000012){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}.$ The result is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value recently calculated by Karplus and Kroll: ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{s}=(1.0011454){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}.$
Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathology, therapeutic targeting, and imaging.

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a fundamental physiological process required for development, reproduction, and wound repair and as a tissue response to ischemia (1). Pathologic angiogenesis, often referred to as neovascularization, is associated with disease conditions, including retinopathies, arthritis, psoriasis, and cancer (25). Folkman (6) first hypothesized in 1971 that solid tumors remain growth restricted to 2-3 mm in diameter until the onset of angiogenesis. Subsequent investigations have broadened the study of angiogenesis into a distinct field of scientific inquiry that has yielded insights into vascular growth regulation including the identification, sequencing, and cloning of at least 20 angiogenic growth factors, their receptors, and signal transduction pathways; the discovery of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors; and the cellular and molecular characterization of the angiogenic phenotype in human cancers. (For reviews, see references 7 and 8.) One practical dividend from angiogenesis research is the l~ge-scale effort of the biopharmaceutical industry to develop new angiogenesis-modulating drugs. Angiogenesisdependent diseases afflict as many as 500 million patients in Westem nations each year (9). Both proand antiangiogenic drugs are in advanced stages of clinical development. "Antiangiogenesis" is an emerging therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology aimed at halting cancer progression by suppressing the tumor blood supply (6). A large body of preclihical animal research and individual case reports of cancer patients support the validity of antiangiogenic therapy (10-14). More than three dozen experimental antiangio-
Normal rats trained to circle show asymmetric caudate dopamine release

Caudate catecholamine release was monitored by bilateral in vivo electrochemical electrodes in male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to circle for sucrose/water reward. Baseline release of dopamine was equal from both sides of caudate. When reinforced circling began, 44 +/- 4 percent greater catechol release occurred from the caudate contralateral to the circling direction. As turning subsided, differential release returned to basal levels. Further evidence that the catecholamine metabolism was affected by turning was obtained by direct measurement of caudate dopamine and DOPAC at selected time points. Concentration data showed relative increases in dopamine and DOPAC in the contralateral caudate. These data provide evidence that dopamine is released asymmetrically from caudate in unlesioned rats during voluntary behavior.
Influence of exogenous progesterone on follicular cysts in dairy cattle.

Abstract Daily injections of progesterone for 14 days into animals with follicular cysts resulted in normal estrus in 61.5 and 62.5% of those on the 50- and 100-mg daily dosage level, respectively. The 50-mg dosage level resulted in 19 conceptions from 39 (48.7%) treatments while in those on the 100-mg dosage level, 21 conceptions resulted from 40 (52.5%) treatments. Some animals received a second or third series of injections. Of those treated one or more times, 58.8% conceived. Of 30 control animals, four (13.3%) conceived. The 50-mg dosage level was more effective in controlling the time of post-treatment estrus.
Online vs. On-Campus Learning in Teacher Education:

Many universities have developed teacher preparation programs online. This study explores online learning in a graduate school course on behavior management that is included in the special education teacher credential program at a large private university in California. A total of 140 adult students took the course, half of these online and the other half on-campus. Students self-selected the format in which they took the course. Learning and follow-up teaching performances were evaluated and compared across these two settings by first, measurement of learning as recorded on three periodic standard multiple-choice quizzes taken during the course and secondly, on performance in a follow-up measure of behavior management in student teaching as recorded by a master teacher and university supervisor. No significant differences between these two groups were found in the measurement of initial learning or follow-up performance. The absence of significant difference is reviewed along with the value of actual dif...
Accurate statistical analysis of a differential low noise amplifier using a combined SPICE-field solver approach

With continuing trends towards miniaturization of circuits and inclusion of multiple, complex functionalities on a single chip, the effect of process variations on circuit performance is assuming critical importance. In view of increasing frequency of operation, accurate variability analysis of RF/Microwave circuits would require modeling of the variability in the passive elements through a field solver. In this paper, a method for enabling accurate statistical analysis of a low noise amplifier and its differential version is proposed. The on-chip spiral inductors are modeled through an EM (Electromagnetic) solver, while the circuit part is modeled through SPICE. The proposed approach relies on application of the RS (Response Surface) methodology to the y-parameters of both the circuit and the inductors independently and expressing the eventual performance measures through a suitable combination of these y-parameters. The eventual performance measures are expressed through a hierarchical approach in terms of the underlying Gaussian random variables representing both the circuit and EM process parameters. An RSMC (Rapid Response Surface Monte Carlo) analysis on these derived response surfaces furnishes the PDFs and can also be used to predict the yield based on different qualifying criteria and objective functions. Several advantages of this method are outlined.
Robust numerical features for description and classification of subcellular location patterns in fluorescence microscope images

The ongoing biotechnology revolution promises a complete understanding of the mechanisms by which cells and tissues carry out their functions. Central to that goal is the determination of the function of each protein that is present in a given cell type, and determining a protein's location within cells is critical to understanding its function. As large amounts of data become available from genome-wide determination of protein subcellular location, automated approaches to categorizing and comparing location patterns are urgently needed. Since sub-cellular location is most often determined using fluorescence microscopy, we have developed automated systems for interpreting the resulting images. We report here improved numeric features for describing such images that are fairly robust to image intensity binning and spatial resolution. We validate these features by using them to train neural networks that accurately recognize all major subcellular patterns with an accuracy higher than any previously reported. Having validated the features by using them for classification, we also demonstrate using them to create Subcellular Location Trees that group similar proteins and provide a systematic framework for describing subcellular location.
Technology in Catholic Schools: Are Schools Using the Technology They Have?

This article examines important questions related to the use of computer technology in Catholic schools. Under consideration are issues related to how teachers use the Internet in classrooms, communicate with parents, and design lessons with technological support. Differences in computer use between high-poverty and low-poverty schools are also examined.
Sites of Impulse Formation within the Atrioventricular Junction of the Rabbit

Spontaneous A-V nodal rhythm was observed in 23 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts during electrophysiologic studies of A-V transmission. In 19 of the 23, the earliest point of activation was determined by recording transmembrane potentials from numerous A-V junctional fibers. Most commonly (15 hearts), the earliest depolarization was found in a specific area of the A-V node near the point where the fibrous A-V ring extending into the coronary sinus joins a portion of A-V ring between right atrial and ventricular free walls. Various observations suggested that this area was the NH region. In the remaining four hearts, the origin of nodal beats was in the AN region. Diastolic depolarization was often seen in and around the earliest point of activation. The A-V interval in these nodal rhythms ranged from -38.7 to +71.6 msec, in contrast to the A-V interval of 93.3 to 135.7 msec during sinus rhythm. In the presence of NH rhythm, different retrograde intranodal conduction time (across the N region) was the major cause for the wide variation of the A-V interval. Wandering of the pacemaker between the S-A and A-V nodes and examples of exit block of A-V nodal impulses were observed.
Fabrication and characterization of single-electron tunneling transistors in the superconducting state

Electron-beam lithography was used to fabricate single electron charging effect devices with ultrasmall capacitance Al/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Al tunnel junctions. The single electron transistor is a three-terminal device composed of two series tunnel junctions and a gate electrode capacitively coupled to the island between them. Typical junctions are of area 60 nm*60 nm with a capacitance of 190 aF. The authors outline the fabrication procedures, discuss operational properties, and give sample handling considerations. These devices exhibit a highly nonlinear I-V characteristic which is modulated by the gate voltage, as expected for the Coulomb blockage. In the superconducting state, the superconducting gap in the quasiparticle density of states leads to transistor action above 1.3 K, a temperature easily reached with pumped liquid /sup 4/He refrigeration. The authors also discuss the observation of an intermittent intrinsic switching noise in the offset charge of the central island. >
Synthesis and Direct Imaging of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Cyclic Brush Polymers

Convenient route to cyclic polymers: Ultrahigh molecular weight cyclic brush polymers were synthesized through ring-expansion metathesis polymerization of various macromonomers. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualize toroidal shapes and large opening pores, along with linear chains, which may result from high sensitivity of brush polymers to mechanical degradation.
Integrating Web service and grid enabling technologies to provide desktop access to high-performance cluster-based components for large-scale data services

At Sandia National Laboratories, a data services system is under development to provide web-based access to high-performance computing clusters. These clusters host a set of scalable post-processing applications for very large data manipulation and visualization of results generated by large-scale simulations in support of the design to analysis process for ensuring safety and reliability of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. The primary contribution of this work is the integration of standards-based web services technologies, grid-enabling software, and a component framework for parallel computing, resulting in a service-oriented architecture which provides end users the ability from their desktops to manage and understand simulation results for very large, complex problems.
Dynamic Inventory Policy with Varying Stochastic Demands

A dynamic inventory model is formulated in which the demand distributions may change from period to period. The optimal policy at each stage is characterized by a single critical number which also could vary in successive periods. The dependence of the critical numbers as a function of stochastic ordering amongst distributions is developed under various conditions. Most of the studies are conducted under the assumption of linear purchasing cost. In §3 the possibility of convex purchasing cost is allowed.
Normalization of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Incidence of Appropriate Antitachycardia Therapy in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Primary Prevention of Sudden Death

Abstract Background Patients with severely depressed left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for the primary prevention of sudden death. In some patients, however, LVEF may improve or even normalize over time. Limited data are available on the incidence of appropriate antitachycardia therapy, including pacing and shock, in these patients. Methods and Results We retrospectively identified consecutive patients at our institution with an ICD for primary prevention who had LVEF measurement available at initial implantation and at the time of generator replacement. None of these patients had ever received appropriate antitachycardia therapy before generator replacement. The incidence of appropriate antitachycardia therapy after generator replacement was assessed. Of the 125 patients who received generator replacement, 53 (42%) received an ICD and 72 (58%) a cardiac resynchronization therapy–defibrillator (CRT-D). Among them, 30 (21%) had LVEF normalized to ≥50%, 25 (17%) had LVEF partially improved to 36%–49%, and 70 (63%) had LVEF that remained depressed at ≤35%. During an overall follow-up period of 25 ± 18 months, none of the individuals with normalized LVEF experienced appropriate antitachycardia therapy regardless of ICD or CRT-D. Meanwhile, 20% of patients with LVEF at 36%–49% and 14% of patients with LVEF at ≤35% received appropriate ICD therapy. The omnibus P value for any differences among the 3 LVEF groups was 0.046 for the entire cohort, 0.01 for ICD, and 0.15 for CRT-D patients. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that patients with reduced LVEF and primary-prevention ICDs who normalize their LVEF over time may be at lower risk of appropriate antitachycardia therapy.
Gender Differences in Depression

Depression is among the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the world. A striking feature of this disorder is that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Research indicates that genetic, biological and environmental factors contribute to the gender differences noted in depression. Women are more likely to suffer a greater number of and more severe stressful life events compared with men, although no gender difference has been found to explain the genetic vulnerability. As individuals with depression most frequently present to general practitioners, healthcare providers should consider screening for depression and using rigorous treatment strategies for depressed patients with comorbid medical illnesses.
Chip-package electrical interaction in organic packages with embedded actives

System integration and miniaturization needs are the driving factors for embedding active and passive components within packages. But embedding components also results in unwanted interferences within the package. This paper demonstrates chip-package interaction in the form of electromagnetic interference between the embedded chip and its package. The electromagnetic coupling experienced by the bond-pads of the embedded chip, the effect of bulk substrate of the embedded chip on the coupling across the package and the influence of die to cavity clearance on the vertical electromagnetic coupling across the different layers of the package housing the embedded chip are analyzed. Results from simulations and measurements are presented to demonstrate the phenomena studied.
New BRCA2 mutation in an Ashkenazi Jewish family with breast and ovarian cancer

cholinergic agents will improve naming ability in fluent aphasia due to temporal lobe lesions. All participants gave verbal informed consent. We studied four right-handed patients with fluent aphasia and anomia after unilateral left cerebral infarction 6–8 weeks poststroke (4 male, age 54–65 years). Individuals were allocated to treatment (n=2) and non-treatment (n=2) groups by coin-toss, and the treated group was given the cholinergic agent bifemelane 300 mg daily. All individuals received the standard language test for aphasia (SLTA) immediately before study entry and 1 month after the first examination. We studied specifically subtests of auditory comprehension, animal category naming, and confrontation naming. All individuals received the same conventional aphasia therapy thrice weekly from a (blinded) speech therapist until the second evaluation. Therapy was started after administration of the drug was begun in the treated group and co-incidentally in the nontreated group. All patients underwent a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination for analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) before administration of bifemelane and after treatment, or for the non-treated group, twice, at a 1month interval. Computerised tomographic (CT) was done at the same time as the initial language evaluation to compare lesion site and size, and showed no significant differences between groups. In the non-treated aphasics, the language scores did not improve, and CSF AChE decreased slightly (table). In the treated group, language scores increased significantly during cholinergic treatment and CSF AChE increased slightly. Cholinergic treatment was significantly correlated with increases in language scores (p<0·01 Fisher’s exact test), and improvement in language function significantly correlated with increases in CSF AChE (p<0·01). In this open-label, pilot study of four fluent aphasic patients with left temporal lesions, we found improvement in naming and comprehension after treatment with a cholinergic agent. Non-treated patients showed no improvement in language performance on second testing. Evidence is emerging that cholinergic activity influences speech and language function. Anticholinergic agents impair verbal memory, causing increased verbal perseveration in healthy volunteers, 3 and have improved speech and language function after focal brain damage. Physostigmine enhances confrontation naming ability in anomic persons. 4 This study provides additional evidence that selected features of aphasic syndromes may benefit from a theoretically rational approach to pharmacotherapy. 5
Alzheimer Disease: New Concepts on Its Neurobiology and the Clinical Role Imaging Will Play

At present, the most well developed Alzheimer disease biomarkers are the cerebrospinal fluid analytes amyloid-β?42 residue and tau and the brain imaging measures amyloid PET, fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and MR imaging.
Comparison of Variable-Blade to Allo-Kramer Shear Method in Assessing Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillet Firmness

: A variable-blade (VB) attachment was compared to the Allo-Kramer (AK) shear attachment for texture analysis of rainbow trout fillets from 2 experiments; effects of attachment configuration, storage regimen, and cooking temperature are evaluated. In the 1st experiment, AK detected differences in force measurement, and VB showed that the perpendicular orientation yielded the highest response (P 0.05). Shear direction affected force generated by the VB attachment, and this attachment could discriminate shear force differences due to cooking and frozen-storage. Practical Application: Fillet texture was determined by a recently developed device and compared to texture determined by the Allo-Kramer shear attachment; both responses were related to collagen content. The VB attachment defined fillet texture as affected by cooking and storage condition.
Library and Information Science Practitioners and Research.

Abstract There is a continuing need for more and better research in the field of library and information science (LIS). However, many LIS practitioners are not heavily involved in research. To add to our knowledge of practitioners’ involvement in research, 1,444 questionnaires were sent to members of the American Library Association, the American Society for Information Science and Technology, the Medical Library Association, and the Special Libraries Association. An analysis of 615 responses revealed the following: almost 90% of LIS practitioners in the United States and Canada regularly read at least one research journal, nearly 62% regularly read research-based articles, approximately 50% occasionally apply research results to professional practices, and 42% occasionally or frequently perform research related to their job or to the LIS profession. The data analysis also identified factors related to practitioners’ involvement in research and determined how practitioners assess their research training and skills.
A Longitudinal Comparison of the Social Media Consumer and the Non-Social Me-dia Consumer

This exploratory study focused on the characteristics of the social media consumer and the nonsocial media consumer, and then compared the two groups over a two-year period (2010 and 2012). The exploratory study used two versions of a questionnaire, in which one version was directed to those who registered for at least one of the social media and a second version, which was directed to those who did not register for any of the social media. A plethora of demographic and psychographic variables were used in identifying both groups in both years, including Internet characteristics and information regarding the social networks adopted by social media consumers and their social media uses. Several hypotheses were proposed to compare these two groups. The hypotheses examined innovativeness, risk aversion, brand loyalty, and Internet satisfaction, which are salient variables for the marketer who is utilizing or considering utilizing social media. There were significant differences for innovativeness, risk aversion, and Internet satisfaction. The findings provide support for this latest Internet communications vehicle as a viable tool for marketers, particularly those who introduce new products and services to the marketplace.
Novel Percolation Mechanism in PMMA Matrix Composites Containing Segregated ITO Nanowire Networks

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocomposites were prepared by mechanical mixing and compression molding in order to study the properties and microstructure of the composites. The composites were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. It was observed that upon compaction of the powders above the glass-transition temperature of the matrix, the PMMA transforms from spherical to polyhedral-shaped, and develops sharp edges and flat faces. The ITO nanoparticles do not penetrate the polymer particles, resulting in a novel segregated network microstructure. Excellent correlation between the electrical, optical, and microscopy data also provide good insight about the behavior of the filler as the content is increased in the nanocomposites. There is strong evidence that the ITO nanoparticles are extensively displaced during compaction as the PMMA powders become polyhedral-shaped. Our results indicate that percolation occurs due to the ITO forming a continuous network along the edges of the faceted PMMA particles. The ITO nanoparticles do not appear on the faces of the PMMA particles until after a percolation path has formed and a marked increase in electrical conductivity has occurred. This behavior significantly diverges from previous models for segregated network microstructures which proposed that percolation occurred as the result of limited displacement of the filler during compaction of the mixed powders.
Reliability Analysis of One-Hop Safety-Critical Broadcast Services in VANETs

Reliability is an important issue for safety-critical broadcast services in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). So far, most investigations of such broadcast networks focus on multihop connectivity, taking all one-hop links for granted. In this paper, four reliability metrics for one-hop broadcast communication in VANETs, including the packet reception rate (PRR), the packet delivery ratio (PDR), the node successful packet delivery probability (PDP), and the effective range (ER), are introduced and evaluated analytically and by simulations. Expressions of these reliability metrics for one-hop broadcast in IEEE-802.11-based 1-D VANETs are derived with consideration of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF), the hidden terminal problem, and collisions caused by concurrent transmissions. The impacts of network parameters such as distinct transmission, carrier sensing, and interference ranges; the density of nodes in the networks; the distances of receivers to the senders; the message generation rates; the backoff window sizes; and the channel data rates on the reliability of the broadcast communication in VANETs are investigated and discussed. As an example, the proposed model is applied to the evaluation of the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) safety-critical message propagation in a highway setting. As a result, some important observations to the design and analysis of such communication systems are provided.
Helping tomorrow's engineers ask productive questions

Most engineers and scientists would readily agree that the ability to ask and pursue productive questions can lead to a more globally competitive workforce; students with this ability can also enrich the STEM classroom learning environment. Through demonstration, active learning, and small group activities, this special session explores how we can help tomorrow's engineers ask productive questions and evaluate which questions may lead to creative solutions to research problems or innovative new products.
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid effects on immune cells of the porcine lung

The effects of various dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the function of immune cells of the porcine lung was studied. Groups of six pigs were fed diets containing 10.5% corn oil [CO; enriched in linoleic acid (18:2, n-6)], linseed oil (LO; enriched in alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3)], menhaden oil (MO; enriched in eicosapentaenoic (20:5; n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6; n-3) acids], linseed + corn oil (1:1; LC), and menhaden + corn oil (1:1; MC) for 28-30 days. Basal levels of alveolar macrophage (m phi) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production were higher (P < .05) for LC- and MC-fed pigs than for CO- and LO-fed pigs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated LC and MC m phi s produced more TNF than m phi s from pigs fed CO, LO, and MO diets. Macrophages from pigs receiving the CO and LC diets had higher (P < .05) levels of leucine aminopeptidase than m phi s from the other dietary groups. Lipopolysaccharide did not increase m phi nitrite production over basal levels except in the MO diet group. However, LPS-stimulated m phi s from the CO, MO, and LC dietary groups produced more nitrite than m phi s from MC-fed pigs. Alveolar lymphocytes from pigs receiving the MC diet produced more T cell growth factors than LO and MO m phi s. Alveolar m phi s from the different dietary groups did not differ in their capacity for non-immune-mediated phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads. These results indicate that dietary PUFAs can modulate some functions of porcine alveolar immune cells and that this may prove significant for host response to respiratory disease agents.
Strategies to Improve DNA Vaccine Potency: HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer as a Model System

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly antigen-specific immunotherapy, has become a potentially promising approach for control of cancer due to its ability to kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. Among different forms of antigen-specific immunotherapy, DNA vaccines are an attractive approach because of their safety, simplicity and ease of mass production. However, they suffer from low immunogenicity due to their inability to amplify and spread in vivo and therefore require innovative strategies to enhance the immune response stimulated by DNA vaccines. Strategies to improve DNA vaccine efficacy should focus on dendritic cells (DCs) because they are the most potent activators of an antigen-specific T cell response, which is crucial in the control of tumors. Increased understanding of DC biology has created opportunities to improve DNA vaccine potency through the applications of strategies that modify the function of DCs. In this review, we use human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer as a model system to illustrate the various strategies that improve DNA vaccine potency. Specifically, we will discuss the various strategies to improve targeting of DNA to DCs, antigen processing and presentation by DCs and DC interactions with T cells in this book chapter.
A Framework for Health Behavior Change using Companionable Robots

This paper describes a dialogue system framework for a companionable robot, which aims to guide patients towards health behavior changes via natural language analysis and generation.
Enhanced CPT-11 hydrolysis by a modified human carboxylesterase improves antitumor drug response

B98 We have developed a human carboxylesterase (CE) that is highly proficient at CPT-11 activation for use in enzyme prodrug therapy approaches with this drug. Whilst CPT-11 is an effective anticancer agent, only ~5% of the drug is converted to the active metabolite SN-38 in patients. Potentially therefore, selective activation of CPT-11 within the tumor milieu might result in enhanced antitumor activity. While CPT-11 hydrolysis is primarily mediated by CEs, the human enzymes are either poorly expressed or lack specificity for this drug. Therefore, we employed structural-based design to develop a modified human liver CE (hCE1) that can efficiently activate CPT-11. This was conducted using the X-ray crystal structure of the highly homologous rabbit liver CE (rCE) as a template, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis. Six mutant CEs were generated, containing up to 8 amino acid substitutions, of which one (hCE1m6), demonstrated enhanced CPT-11 hydrolysis. In in vitro experiments, hCE1m6 demonstrated similar kinetic parameters to the human intestinal CE (hiCE), however hCE1m6 was expressed at higher levels and more robustly than hiCE when introduced into human tumor cell lines. This resulted in enhanced drug hydrolysis in cell culture models with corresponding reductions in the IC50 values to CPT-11 for cells expressing this protein exceeding 650-fold, as compared to cells expressing the wild-type protein hCE1. Furthermore, drug resistant U373MG human tumor xenografts were sensitized to CPT-11 following endogenous expression of hCE1m6. This resulted in complete elimination of advanced tumor xenografts from animals treated at higher drug concentrations. Since we have developed novel selective delivery approaches for drug activating enzymes to tumor cells, that in combination with CPT-11 are effective at eliminating metastatic disease, we anticipate that hCE1m6 would be the enzyme of choice for clinical application of these methods. While rCE has previously been used for these studies, the lack of immunogenicity that would be afforded by hCE1m6 would be highly beneficial in any subsequent in vivo protocols. We conclude therefore, that these studies indicate that the application of enzyme/prodrug therapy approaches using hCE1m6 and CPT-11 will likely be more efficacious than that observed with rCE, and should result in minimal immunogenic response following clinical application. This work was supported in part by NIH Grants CA76202, CA79763, CA98468, CA108775, DA18116, CA23099, a Cancer Center Core Grant P30 CA 21765 and by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities.
Technical Appendix to Real-Business-Cycle Models and the Forecastable Movements in Output, Hours, and Consumption

This is the technical appendix to the computer simulations in the American Economic Review publication by Julio Rotemberg and Michael Woodford, Real-Business-Cycle Models and the Forecastable Movements in Output, Hours, and Consumption, 1996.
LINKAGE OF ARCVIEW GIS WITH THE RZWQM MODEL

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a one-dimensional, lumped field-scale model. It can simulate major physical, chemical, and biological processes in an agricultural crop production system. While its reliability has been verified by several researchers, because of its lumped structure RZWQM could not account for the soil heterogeneity and the associated nonuniformity of management practices across the field. Neglecting the variability may result in misleading simulation results. On the other hand, the variability can be accurately characterized by using a geographic information system (GIS), especially ArcView GIS, the most widely used desktop mapping and geographic analysis system. Linked with ArcView GIS, RZWQM will have a quasi-distributed structure, which makes it possible to incorporate the field variability into the simulation. The linkage is realized by a series of interfaces and dialogue boxes developed in Avenue and Microsoft Visual Basic computer programming languages. The user can develop and execute such a coupled model by employing an easily-used main interface, the interfaces for preparing the input data files and displaying the simulation results, and the associated dialogue boxes. Undoubtedly, the linkage will facilitate and enhance the use of RZWQM.
Reflective learning: the use of “if only ...” statements to improve performance

Affective and functional roles of counterfactual thoughts were explored in this two-phase mixed-method study. In Phase I participants recalled disappointing academic events, generated counterfactuals (i.e., what ifs) in response to their performance, and then rated their affect, attribution, and academic locus of control. A statistically significant relationship, r=−0.47, was revealed between students' internal locus of control and the number of counterfactuals they generated. That is, a high sense of personal responsibility and control corresponded to a high number of counterfactuals. In Phase II of the study, a computerized program was utilized in which participants completed a series of anagrams after selecting specific parameters of the task. After feedback, students suggested alternate behaviors that would have changed their anagram scores. Students who compared their performance to a better performance reported lower affect but yielded a greater improvement in scores on a subsequent anagram task than students who compared their performance to a poorer performance. Findings with this sample of high school students were congruent with findings based on college students. Implications are discussed.
Templating fullerenes by domain boundaries of a nanoporous network.

We present a new templating approach that combines the templating properties of nanoporous networks with the dynamic properties and the lattice mismatch of domain boundaries. This templating approach allows for the inclusion of guests with different sizes without the need for a strict molecular design to tailor the nanoporous network. With this approach, nonperiodic patterns of functional molecules can be formed and studied. We show that domain boundaries in a trimesic acid network are preferred over pores within the network as adsorption sites for fullerenes by a factor of 100–200. Pristine fullerenes of different sizes and functionalized fullerenes were templated in this way.