cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Pressure, Ocular Toxicity and Neurotoxicity in Response to 11-Hydroxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 1-Nantradol

Both acute and chronic effects on intraocular pressure of 11-hydroxy- delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-delta 9-THC; a metabolite of delta 9-THC) and 1-nantradol (a synthetic cannabinoid) have been examined in the cat. Acute effects of these cannabinoids on ocular tension have also been determined in the monkey. Single dose effects of several other hydroxylated delta 9-THC metabolites have been evaluated in either the cat or the monkey. Results indicated that 11-OH-delta 9-THC and 1-nantradol produced similar acute effects in both species, with 1-nantradol significantly lowering intraocular pressure and 11-OH- delta 9-THC producing no change. Neither 11-OH- delta 9-THC nor 1-nantradol lowered ocular tension chronically when delivered for nine days to cats eyes via osmotic minipumps and connecting extraocular cannulas. Neither cannabinoid likewise produced ocular toxicity, although both produced neurotoxicity, as assessed by evaluation of electroencephalograms recorded from rats. Both 8-beta-OH- delta 9-THC and 8-beta-11-diOH- delta 9-THC were inactive with regard to acute effects on ocular tension. These results support previous findings suggesting that hydroxylation of the terpene portion of the delta 9-THC molecule significantly reduces intraocular pressure lowering activity. In addition, results from these and earlier studies suggest that structural requirements for tension lowering effects, ocular toxicity, and neurotoxicity, may well be distinctively different.
CCK-8 elicits grooming: Cross tolerance to ACTH1–24

Abstract Rats received lateral intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of sulfated or desulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8-S or CCK-8-D, respectively) and subsequent grooming behaviors were observed using a behavioral sampling technique. CCK-8-S (2.0 to 4.0 μg in 10 μl) elicited a significant increase in grooming behaviors relative to the controls, but the relatively inactive CCK-8-D did not. Excessive grooming induced by CCK-8-S produced less grooming than did the adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment, ACTH 1–24 (1.0 μg in 10 μl). An icv injection of CCK-8-S 3 h before the icv injection of ACTH 1–24 inhibited the usual excessive grooming produced by the ACTH. Conversely, prior injection of ACTH 1–24 abolished the increased grooming induced by CCK-8-S. Thus, the sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide and ACTH 1–24 exhibited short-term cross tolerance for excessive grooming. These results suggest that the colocalization of corticotropin releasing hormone and CCK-8 in neurons may have functional significance in connection with stress-related neuronal systems.
Salvage Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Local Failure After Upfront Lung SBRT: If at First you Don't Succeed…

tended to appear after fractures a median of 12.8 mo later. Female sex (pZ0.05), CTD (pZ0.004), and PTV volume (pZ0.03) were associated with CW pain on univariate analysis. Likewise, a trend was noted for the relative CW V20Gy (pZ0.085), V25Gy (pZ0.06) and V30Gy (pZ0.074). On multivariate analysis, female sex (pZ0.013) and PTV volume (pZ0.005) remained significantly associated with CW pain. Only female sex (pZ0.007) was significantly associated with fracture. Of the 60 women in this study, 21 (35%) had CW pain and 19 (31.7%) had fracture after SBRT. Of the 63 men, 11 (17.5%) had CW pain and 5 (7.9%) had fracture. Conclusions: After lung SBRT, rib fracture occurs a median of 6 months after non-fracture related CW pain. While both are associated with female sex, CW pain is additionally correlated with CTD and PTV volume and trended towards significance for V20-30Gy to the CW. Most fractures are preceded by radiographic chest wall edema by > 6 months. Our results demonstrate that fracture and CW pain after lung SBRT often occur independently, possibly with distinct pathophysiologies. Author Disclosure: J. Lee: None. K. Creach: None. A. Bierhals: None. T. DeWees: None. D. Mullen: None. P. Parikh: None. J. Bradley: None. C. Robinson: None.
Atmospheric Pressure Variation and the Climate of Mars

If Mars has permanent CO2 polar caps, atmospheric heat transport may cause the atmospheric pressure to be extremely sensitive to variations of solar heating at the poles. This could happen because atmospheric heating depends on density, which depends strongly on the polar temperature through the vapor pressure relation. A simple climatological model is used to study the question.
A study of the higher excited states of 10Be from the 9Be(d, p)10Be reaction

Abstract The levels of 10 Be have been studied using the 9 Be(d, p) 10 Be reaction and 17.3 MeV deuterons. The existence of levels at 10.57 and 11.76 MeV has been confirmed and widths of 150, 291 and 121 keV obtained for the levels at 9.27, 9.4 and 11.76 MeV. Angular distributions have been obtained for the ground state, 3.368, 5.958, 6.263, 7.371, 7.542 and 11.76 MeV levels and the results compared to DWBA calculations. The spectroscopic factors that were extracted were found to be appreciably less than those predicted by Cohen and Kurath. The effects of coupling in the channel involving the inelastic excitation of the 2.43 MeV state in 9 Be were found to be appreciable. Comparisons are drawn between the 9 Be(d, p) 10 Be and 9 Be(p, π + ) 10 Be reactions.
Mitochondrial calcium and postmortem muscle shortening.

Summary A study was made of cold shortening, the large, slow contraction which red mammalian muscles undergo when chilled early postmortem. Thin strips of bovine muscle, held at 2°, shortened very much less in oxygen than in nitrogen, and this aerobic suppression was completely overcome by uncoupling agents. The same uncouplers provoked no early length change at all in the bovine tissues at 2°, and white rabbit muscle did not shorten under their influence at either 2°, or 20°. The results indicate that mitochondria are involved in cold shortening. It is suggested that the calcium they release under postmortem anaerobic conditions cannot be removed rapidly enough by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium uptake of which is markedly reduced by low temperatures.
Asymmetric Cooperative Catalysis of Strong Brønsted Acid–Promoted Reactions Using Chiral Ureas

Cationic organic intermediates participate in a wide variety of useful synthetic transformations, but their high reactivity can render selectivity in competing pathways difficult to control. Here, we describe a strategy for inducing enantioselectivity in reactions of protio-iminium ions, wherein a chiral catalyst interacts with the highly reactive intermediate through a network of noncovalent interactions. This interaction leads to an attenuation of the reactivity of the iminium ion and allows high enantioselectivity in cycloadditions with electron-rich alkenes (the Povarov reaction). A detailed experimental and computational analysis of this catalyst system has revealed the precise nature of the catalyst-substrate interactions and the likely basis for enantioinduction.
Possibility of Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen by the Rice Plant

A RECENT communication1 by Chakraborty and Sen Gupta suggested that rice plants might be capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. We have made an attempt to confirm their result using the variety ‘Lead 35’ (a pure-line selection of material derived from British Guiana). No evidence of nitrogen-fixation has been obtained.
Isolation and identification of poly-α-(1→4)-linked 3-O-methyl-d-mannopyranose from a hot-water extract of Mycobacterium vaccae

Abstract A polysaccharide around 3.6 kDa has been identified as the major carbohydrate moiety of a antineoplastic protein–polysaccharide complex (PS4A) obtained by boiling intact cells of Mycobacterium vaccae in water. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of this polysaccharide suggested it was a highly homogeneous polymer composed substantially of one monomer, probably an α-linked O-methylated mannose. Comparison of the COSY spectra of the original and acetylated polymer indicated that the glycosidic linkage and the methyl ether were interchangeable, at O-3 and O-4. Further study demonstrated that the benzyolated hydrolysate of the polymer was 1,2,4,6-tetra- O -benzoyl-3- O -methyl-β-mannopyranose. The hydrolysate was 3- O -methyl-α,β-mannopyranose and the polymer was therefore poly-α-(1→4)-linked 3- O -methyl- d -mannopyranose. This conclusion was further confirmed with an authentic sample of the monomer, which had spectral data identical to those of the hydrolyzate and co-eluted from an ion-exchange HPLC with the major sugar in the hydrolysate.
Two-aperture method of producing light beams with odd-symmetry for alignment and straightness measurements.

A light beam generated by two laser-illuminated circular apertures in a plane screen and two properly adjusted phase-shifting glass plates exhibits a central irradiance minimum that makes it favorable for alignment applications. The far-field transverse irradiance distribution in such a beam is here determined theoretically and experimentally to facilitate appraisal of its suitability for this purpose. Criteria aiding optimization of the beam and factors that degrade the beam and produce alignment errors are discussed. Alignment accuracy depends upon correspondence of a reference beam to a mathematically ideal, perfectly symmetrical shape. It is shown that a beam closely approaching the ideal can be easily produced by this method. Alignment accuracy is then found to be limited chiefly by air turbulence and stray light, which in the experimental investigation limited precision to ±10 μm at 8.2 m.
Integrated waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities with silicon/air Bragg mirrors

We demonstrate in-plane microfabricated Fabry-Perot cavities with cryogenically etched silicon/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors and integrated silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides. Several DBR configurations and cavity lengths were measured. Various devices exhibit Q=26963, FWHM=0.060 nm, finesse F=489, free spectral range FSR=81.7 nm, and DBR mirror reflectance R=99.4%. Thermo-optic tuning over 6.7 nm is also demonstrated.
Simulation of copper metabolism by mammals.

Abstract Copper is both an essential and a toxic element for man and other animals. A deterministic compartment transfer model was developed that can be executed on a personal computer. This model appears to be equally applicable to rats and cows which exhibit grossly different copper metabolism patterns. The model incorporates compartment limits analogous to those found in normal animals. Simulations gave good agreement with published data. This model should be useful for planning experimental investigations into the differences in copper metabolism between species.
A compact positively invariant set of solutions of the Nagumo equation

The solutions of a parabolic partial differential equation can be considered as a semiflow in some function space. In order to apply the index theory (for example [5]) to study the qualitative behavior of the semiflow, it is often very useful to have a compact positively invariant set which is large enough to contain all intersting solutions (steady state solutions, traveling wave solutions, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to find a compact positively invariant set of solutions of the Nagumo equation
Unsteady separation in a boundary layer produced by an impinging jet

A vortex-induced unsteady separation was investigated experimentally in the laminar boundary layer produced by an axisymmetric jet impinging normally onto a flat plate. By forcing the air jet, primary ring vortices were periodically generated in the jet shear layer. Phase-locked flow visualization showed that the wall-jet boundary layer separated periodically and evolved into a secondary vortex counter rotating with respect to the primary vortex. The unsteady separation is induced by the primary vortex and moves downstream in the radial mean-flow direction. Phase-averaged hot-wire measurements using a parallel-wire sensor in the vicinity of the unsteady separation provided data for locating the onset of separation in space and time. The data revealed that the unsteady separation originated from a local shear layer which was initiated by the unsteady adverse pressure gradient produced by the primary vortex.
The Reaction of three Purified Lectins with Guinea Pig Lymphocytes

Three purified phytohemagglutinins, LcH-A, LcH-B, and AbH bind to guinea pig lymphocytes, the first two stimulating lymphocytes in culture and the last causing no stimulaton. By fluorescence microscopy essentially every examined lymphocyte isolated from various lymphoid organs bound both LcH-A and AbH. From the fact that both the stimulant (LcH-A) and the nonstimulant (AbH) showed similar microscopic staining patterns, it is suggested that the type of staining pattern seen is not directly related to the stimulation process. Although LcH-A and LcH-B have very similar specificities, they have subtly different lymphocyte stimulating properties, the former being a better stimulant for blood and lymph node cells and the latter a better stimulant of thymus cells. Despite the fact that AbH is not a stimulator of guinea pig lymphocytes, it could, under certain conditions, significantly affect the stimulation of guinea pig lymphocytes by LcH-A.
Antitumor Agents from Jatropha macrorhiza (Euphorbiaceae) III: Acetylaleuritolic Acid

The triterpene acetylaleuritolic acid was isolated from Jatropha macrorhiza (Euphorbiaceae) and showed tumor-inhibitory properties toward the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system. The compound was identified by means of IR, PMR, and mass spectrometry and by its transformation into the known methyl acetyloleanolate.
Experiencing Narrative Worlds

* Two Metaphors * Inferential Aspects of Performance * Participatory Responses * Language Use in Narrative Worlds * Some Consequences of Being Transported * Narrative Information and Real-World Judgments
Study on the surface energy of graphene by contact angle measurements.

Because of the atomic thinness of graphene, its integration into a device will always involve its interaction with at least one supporting substrate, making the surface energy of graphene critical to its real-life applications. In the current paper, the contact angle of graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was monitored temporally after synthesis using water, diiodomethane, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. The surface energy was then calculated based on the contact angle data by the Fowkes, Owens–Wendt (extended Fowkes), and Neumann models. The surface energy of fresh CVD graphene grown on a copper substrate (G/Cu) immediately after synthesis was determined to be 62.2 ± 3.1 mJ/m2 (Fowkes), 53.0 ± 4.3 mJ/m2 (Owens–Wendt) and 63.8 ± 2.0 mJ/m2 (Neumann), which decreased to 45.6 ± 3.9, 37.5 ± 2.3, and 57.4 ± 2.1 mJ/m2, respectively, after 24 h of air exposure. The ellipsometry characterization indicates that the surface energy of G/Cu is affected by airborne hydrocarbon contamination. G/Cu ex...
Meteorological summary of four WATOX 1985 research intensives

Abstract A detailed review of four intensive events in the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment (WATOX) in 1985 is given. Three air parcel trajectory models are used to assess the general flow characteristics associated with these events, and results show that all three models produce trajectories with similar source regions. Not surprisingly, isentropic trajectories tended to show faster transport because of vertical movement from higher altitudes. The goal of sampling during periods of strong northwesterly flow was generally met.
Rethinking the design of the Internet: the end-to-end arguments vs. the brave new world

This article looks at the Internet and the changing set of requirements for the Internet as it becomes more commercial, more oriented toward the consumer, and used for a wider set of purposes. We discuss a set of principles that have guided the design of the Internet, called the end-to-end arguments, and we conclude that there is a risk that the range of new requirements now emerging could have the consequence of compromising the Internet's original design principles. Were this to happen, the Internet might lose some of its key features, in particular its ability to support new and unanticipated applications. We link this possible outcome to a number of trends: the rise of new stakeholders in the Internet, in particular Internet service providers; new government interests; the changing motivations of a growing user base; and the tension between the demand for trustworthy overall operation and the inability to trust the behavior of individual users.
Two Timely and Relevant Book Reviews

Both of the book reviews contained in this issue focus on topics that are significant, well-timed, and the subject of the current discourse. The first book, The Adjunct Faculty Handbook, edited by ...
Weak lensing probes of modified gravity

We study the effect of modifications to general relativity on large-scale weak lensing observables. In particular, we consider three modified gravity scenarios: $f(R)$ gravity, the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model, and tensor-vector-scalar theory. Weak lensing is sensitive to the growth of structure and the relation between matter and gravitational potentials, both of which will in general be affected by modified gravity. Restricting ourselves to linear scales, we compare the predictions for galaxy-shear and shear-shear correlations of each modified gravity cosmology to those of an effective dark energy cosmology with the same expansion history. In this way, the effects of modified gravity on the growth of perturbations are separated from the expansion history. We also propose a test which isolates the matter-potential relation from the growth factor and matter power spectrum. For all three modified gravity models, the predictions for galaxy and shear correlations will be discernible from those of dark energy with very high significance in future weak lensing surveys. Furthermore, each model predicts a measurably distinct scale dependence and redshift evolution of galaxy and shear correlations, which can be traced back to the physical foundations of each model. We show that the signal-to-noise for detecting signatures of modified gravity is much higher for weak lensing observables as compared to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, measured via the galaxy-cosmic microwave background cross-correlation.
Functional properties of antimicrobial lysozyme-chitosan composite films

ABSTRACT: Lysozyme-chitosan composite films were developed for enhancing the antimicrobial properties of chitosan films. A 10% lysozyme solution was incorporated into 2% chitosan film-forming solution (FFS) at a ratio of 0%, 20%, 60%, and 100% (w lysozyme/w chitosan). Films were prepared by solvent evaporation. Lysozyme release from the film matrix, the antimicrobial activity of films against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis, and basic film properties were investigated. The lysozyme release proportionally increased with increasing initial concentration of lysozyme in the film matrix, and the amount of released lysozyme was in natural log relationship with time. The films with 60% lysozyme incorporation enhanced the inhibition efficacy of chitosan films against both S. faecalis and E. coli, where 3.8 log cycles reduction in S. faecalis and 2.7 log cycles reduction in E. coli were achieved. Water vapor permeability of the chitosan films was not affected by lysozyme incorporation, whereas the tensile strength and percent elongation values decreased with increased lysozyme concentration. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that lysozyme was homogeneously distributed throughout the film matrix. This study demonstrated that enhanced antimicrobial activity of lysozyme-chitosan composite films can be achieved by incorporating lysozyme into chitosan, thus broadening their applications in ensuring food quality and safety.
Enhanced imaging arrays using a sigma delta ADC in Si CMOS for each array pixel

Recently we have demonstrated a compact current input oversampling modulator for scalable high frame rate focal plane arrays that enables frame rates over 100 kfps operating in continuous imaging mode. All the circuits including data lines and detectors were laid-out to fit into 125 /spl mu/m/spl times/125 /spl mu/m space using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. This compact converter also provides improvement in noise filtering performance over imagers that use capacitance at each pixel to convert detector current to voltage. This technique may allow noisy detectors to be used at high temperatures with good image quality.
A fast hybrid algorithm combining regularized motion tracking and predictive search for reducing the occurrence of large displacement errors

A hybrid approach that inherits both the robustness of the regularized motion tracking approach and the efficiency of the predictive search approach is reported. The basic idea is to use regularized speckle tracking to obtain high-quality seeds in an explorative search that can be used in the subsequent intelligent predictive search. The performance of the hybrid speckle-tracking algorithm was compared with three published speckle-tracking methods using in vivo breast lesion data. We found that the hybrid algorithm provided higher displacement quality metric values, lower root mean squared errors compared with a locally smoothed displacement field, and higher improvement ratios compared with the classic block-matching algorithm. On the basis of these comparisons, we concluded that the hybrid method can further enhance the accuracy of speckle tracking compared with its real-time counterparts, at the expense of slightly higher computational demands.
Cingulate Activation Increases Dynamically with Response Speed under Stimulus Unpredictability

FMRI studies of cognition require repeated and consistent engagement of the cognitive process under investigation. Activation is generally averaged across trials that are assumed to tax a specific mental operation or state, while intra-individual variability in performance between trials is usually considered error variance. A more recent analysis approach postulates that these fluctuations can reflect variation in the very process taxed by the particular trial type. In the present study, participants responded to targets presented randomly in one of four peripheral locations. By employing a function of reaction time (RT) of individual trials as a linear regressor, brain regions were identified whose activation varied with RT on a trial-by-trial basis. Whole-brain analysis revealed that the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate and left angular/superior temporal gyrus were more active in trials with faster RT, but only when the target location was unpredictable. No such association was seen in trials where the target location was predicted by a central cue. These results suggest a role for the cingulate and angular gyrus in the dynamic regulation of attention to unpredictable events. This is in accordance with the function of a default network that is active in the absence of top-down focused attention and is thought to continuously provide resources for broad and spontaneous information gathering. Exploiting inter-trial performance variability may be particularly suitable for capturing such spontaneous and elusive phenomena as stimulus-driven processes of attention.
The Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Enables Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi to Evade Microbe-Guided Neutrophil Chemotaxis

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever, a disseminated infection, while the closely related pathogen S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is associated with a localized gastroenteritis in humans. Here we investigated whether both pathogens differ in the chemotactic response they induce in neutrophils using a single-cell experimental approach. Surprisingly, neutrophils extended chemotactic pseudopodia toward Escherichia coli and S. Typhimurium, but not toward S. Typhi. Bacterial-guided chemotaxis was dependent on the presence of complement component 5a (C5a) and C5a receptor (C5aR). Deletion of S. Typhi capsule biosynthesis genes markedly enhanced the chemotactic response of neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, deletion of capsule biosynthesis genes heightened the association of S. Typhi with neutrophils in vivo through a C5aR-dependent mechanism. Collectively, these data suggest that expression of the virulence-associated (Vi) capsular polysaccharide of S. Typhi obstructs bacterial-guided neutrophil chemotaxis.
Polymeric nanoparticle PET/MR imaging allows macrophage detection in atherosclerotic plaques

Rationale: Myeloid cell content in atherosclerotic plaques associates with rupture and thrombosis. Thus, imaging of lesional monocytes and macrophages could serve as a biomarker of disease progression and therapeutic intervention. Objective: To noninvasively assess plaque inflammation with dextran nanoparticle (DNP)-facilitated hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). Methods and Results: Using clinically approved building blocks, we systematically developed 13-nm polymeric nanoparticles consisting of cross-linked short chain dextrans, which were modified with desferoxamine for zirconium-89 radiolabeling (89Zr-DNP) and a near-infrared fluorochrome (VT680) for microscopic and cellular validation. Flow cytometry of cells isolated from excised aortas showed DNP uptake predominantly in monocytes and macrophages (76.7%) and lower signal originating from other leukocytes, such as neutrophils and lymphocytes (11.8% and 0.7%, P <0.05 versus monocytes and macrophages). DNP colocalized with the myeloid cell marker CD11b on immunohistochemistry. PET/MRI revealed high uptake of 89Zr-DNP in the aortic root of apolipoprotein E knock out (ApoE−/−) mice (standard uptake value, ApoE−/− mice versus wild-type controls, 1.9±0.28 versus 1.3±0.03; P <0.05), corroborated by ex vivo scintillation counting and autoradiography. Therapeutic silencing of the monocyte-recruiting receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 with short-interfering RNA decreased 89Zr-DNP plaque signal ( P <0.05) and inflammatory gene expression ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Hybrid PET/MRI with a 13-nm DNP enables noninvasive assessment of inflammation in experimental atherosclerotic plaques and reports on therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-24}
CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HABITAT OCCUPANCY AND NEST SITE SELECTION IN SAGE SPARROWS

If habitat selection is adaptive, habitat choice by individuals should be di- rectly associated with reproductive success. With that expectation in mind, we examined consequences of habitat choice in Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli) in southern California. Habitat selection in Sage Sparrows was pronounced, with vegetation measurements within territories differing significantly from those of interspersed unoccupied areas. Likewise, sites where sparrows placed their nests were significantly different from random sites within territories. Both successful territories (those containing a nest that fledged at least one young) and successful nest sites differed significantly in habitat from those that were unsuccessful. However, there was an inverse relationship between choice and its conse- quences; the mean score of unsuccessful territories on a discriminant function describing the habitat gradient from unoccupied to occupied areas (i.e., choice) was significantly higher than the mean for successful ones. In other words, birds preferred to settle in areas in which they did worse. Thus, attractiveness of habitat has become inversely related to its suitability, and the study site now serves as an "ecological trap." Because predation accounted for 80-90% of nest loss, we speculate that decoupling of habitat attractiveness from suitability has been produced by redistribution of predators (mainly snakes) due to anthropogenic landscape-level changes in the region.
Interpersonal Attachment and Patterns of Ideological Belief

We examine whether two general dimensions of sociopolitical belief—right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO)—are rooted in insecure psychological attachment. Based on an undergraduate sample (N = 255), we model the relations among attachment styles, general worldviews, RWA, and SDO. A structural equation model indicated that anxious attachment led to RWA but not SDO and that this effect was mediated by the belief that the world is a dangerous place. In contrast, avoidant attachment led to SDO but not RWA, and this effect was mediated by the belief that the world is an uncaring, competitive jungle in which people are motivated to maximize personal utility. We discuss the implications of these findings for the nature and origins of political conservatism.
MATERNAL RELATIONSHIP HISTORY AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENTAL RISK

Two groups of disadvantaged mothers and children were formed on the basis of the mothers' histories of relationships with men. Comparisons of the groups when the children were 24, 42, and 64 months old and at first grade suggest that initial differences in maternal support for the child eventually led to differences in mother-child interaction and in ratings of child behavior by mothers and teachers.
"Help wanted: communication strategists": the inclusion of heresthetic in professional communication training

Technical communicators must manage complex strategies involving people, projects, goals, priorities, institutional rules and politics, national and international standards, cultural conventions, relationships between diverse technological platforms, and a variety of constraints. We must also blow how to neutralize or offset attempts by others to manage those same variables when those people interfere with our goals. To do these things, technical communicators must use heresthetic.
Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in the resolution of nocturnal enuresis secondary to obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome and nocturnal enuresis (NE) in patients who required tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. Study Design: Retrospective chart review with prospective collection of data. Methods: All charts of patients ages 2 to 18 years that had tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy over a 44 month period were reviewed for presence of NE and indication for surgery. Those patients with a positive history of both NE and OSA were surveyed to determine whether there was no change in enuresis, decreased enuresis, or no enuresis postoperatively. Results: Three hundred twenty-six children who had undergone tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy had data regarding enuresis available in their charts. One hundred seven of these 326 (32.8%) children had a positive history of enuresis. Of the 107 children with a positive history, 44 (41.1%) were female, and 63 (58.9%) were male. All 107 children with enuresis underwent adenotonsillectomy for OSA. None of the children who had a history of recurrent adenotonsillitis or chronic tonsillitis reported enuresis as a presenting symptom. Of the 107 children with a positive preoperative history of NE, 57 (53.3%) agreed to participate in the second phase of the study. Postoperatively, 61.4% (35) of the children were free of enuresis, 22.8% (13) had a decrease in enuresis, and 15.8% (9) had no change in enuresis. A chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference among the groups (P < .0001). Conclusions: NE is a relatively common finding in children with OSA symptoms. NE resolves or markedly improves in the vast majority of these patients postoperatively.
Sawadaea tulasnei powdery mildew of Norway maple (Acer platanoides) in Oregon.

In August 2012, Norway maple ‘Crimson Century’ trees affected by powdery mildew were observed in Portland, OR. A majority of leaves throughout the crowns on each of the five trees planted in the street terrace on one side of a single city block were affected. White mycelium was present in irregular, discrete, scattered spots or almost continuously on the upper surfaces of leaves and also was present on some petioles. The affected area of the upper surface of leaf blades was estimated to typically be >50%. Chasmothecia were present singly or in groups on the mycelium, and bore simple and bifid appendages (originating from the upper half of the chasmothecia) including some with uncinate or circinate apices that allowed tentative identification to the genus Sawadaea (1). Mean diameter of the chasmothecia was 160 (standard error [SE] = 3.9) μm, and mean appendage length was 72 (SE = 4.9) μm. Asci averaged 77 (SE = 1.2) × 52 (SE = 1.2) μm and ascospores averaged 24 (SE = 0.4) × 12 (SE = 0.3) μm. Braun (1) repo...
Financial Abuse of the Elderly: Risk Factors

Financial abuse of the elderly is increasing. Existing literature classifies financial abuse as one of the major forms of exploitation of older adults. This chapter reviews the risks for abuse in the victim, perpetrator, and the environment. The typical victim is identified as white, elderly, frail, and cognitively impaired. Additional risks reviewed for victims include: mental illness, substance abuse, social support, and fear. Perpetrator risks include financial or housing dependence, social stress, substance abuse, and mental illness. Environmental risks include attentiveness and living situations. The chapter reviews each factor in depth and suggests a team-based approach to proactively identify those most vulnerable to exploitation.
Screening and Confirmatory Analyses of Flunixin in Tissues and Bodily Fluids after Intravenous or Intramuscular Administration to Cull Dairy Cows with or without Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

Twenty cull dairy cows (645 ± 83 kg) were treated with 2.2 mg/kg bw flunixin by intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration with, or without, exposure to lipopolysaccharide in a two factor balanced design. The usefulness of screening assays to identify violative flunixin levels in a variety of easily accessible ante-mortem fluids in cattle was explored. Two animals with violative flunixin liver residue and/or violative 5-hydroxy flunixin milk residues were correctly identified by a flunixin liver ELISA screen. Oral fluid did not produce anticipated flunixin concentration profiles using ELISA determination. One cow that had liver and milk violative residues, and one cow that had a milk violation at the prescribed withdrawal period were correctly identified by flunixin milk lateral flow analyses. The ratio of urinary flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunixin may be useful for predicting disruption of metabolism caused by disease or other factors potentially leading to violative liver flunixin residues.
"To Every Mans Door": Railroads and Use of the Streets in Jacksonian Philadelphia

DURING THE "TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION" OF THE 1830S, the ideological roadblocks to railroad development were often more serious than the technical. Sectional rivalries over routes, debates about public versus private ownership, and even the question of what historian John Lauritz Larson has called the "establishment of operating monopolies" consumed Jacksonians fearful of corporate power and the authority inherent in trunk-line systems.1 These controversies were magnified in cities, where citizens often resented railroads as corporate usurpers of what they regarded as common public space.2 The contention was especially revealing in Philadelphia, where the alleged engrosser was municipal-owned and linked with Pennsylvania's state system of internal improvements. While many Philadelphians recognized the efficiencies of centralized rail operations, others expected railways to enhance the streets as a public good and provide a business path "to every mans door." Before urban railroads could forge their "metropolitan corridors," their routes of exclusive control, they had to break free from antimodern, even counter
Atheism in religious clothing? Accounting for atheist interventions in the public sphere

In this paper I review several recent attempts to recast atheism in religious form in Canada, the US and the UK. First, several atheists have argued for the redefinition of atheism as a creed deserving of religious protections from the state. Second, various atheist ‘churches’ have gained publicity in recent years, in part due to their appropriation of the Protestant church format and the rhetoric of religious association. Both of these expressions of atheism stand in marked contradiction to older forms of atheism which emerged in response to (and rejection of) Christianity in the West, and they also stand in contrast to popular forms of atheism today, of the kind espoused by Christopher Hitchens and Richard Dawkins. As a result, the cases reviewed here represent the ways in which contemporary atheist movements constitute several different counterpublics, and they mark a significant change in the state’s acknowledgement of atheism as a positive form of belief.
Does the Biblical Hebrew Conjunction -ו Have Many Meanings, One Meaning, or No Meaning at All?

Many ideas about Biblical Hebrew have changed in the three centuries since Locke wrote these lines, but the belief that the conjunction -1 was ambiguous is still as strong as ever. Rare is the biblical scholar who would challenge the view expressed by B. Z. Dinur forty years ago: "It is well known that the meanings and senses of the conjunction -1 in the Bible are many and varied."2 To be sure, the number of meanings attributed to -1 today does not approach the numbers cited by Locke, but it is still remarkably high. The recent dictionary of D. J. A. Clines lists more than fifteen meanings and submeanings:
Clarifying the Role of Attachment and Social Compensation on Parasocial Relationships with Television Characters

A cross-sectional survey (N = 371) addressed inconsistent findings in previous research regarding the associations between attachment dimensions, social compensation variables (Loneliness, Need to Belong, Social Anxiety), and parasocial relationships. The study disentangled parasocial relationship from parasocial interaction through more careful measurement and investigated parasocial relationships with both liked and disliked television characters. Data revealed associations between parasocial relationships, social compensation variables, and attachment dimensions, but associations differed based on whether the participant referred to a liked or disliked television character. The strength of parasocial relationships with disliked characters was influenced by the interaction of social compensation and attachment dimensions, whereas for liked characters these variables were associated at the main effect level.
Structural Dynamics in Floppy Systems: Ultrafast Conformeric Motions in Rydberg-Excited Triethylamine

Rotations about its three carbon-nitrogen bonds give triethylamine a complex, 3-dimensional potential energy landscape of conformeric structures. Electronic excitation to Rydberg states prepares the molecule in a high-energy, nonequilibrium distribution of such conformers, initiating ultrafast transitions between them. Time-resolved Rydberg electron binding energy spectra, observed using photoionization-photoelectron spectroscopy with ultrashort laser pulses, reveal these time-evolving structures. The time-dependent structural fingerprint spectra are assigned with the aid of a computational analysis of the potential energy landscape. Upon 209 nm electronic excitation to the 3p Rydberg state, triethylamine decays to 3s with a 200 fs time constant. The initially prepared conformer reacts to a mixture of structures with a time constant of 232 fs and settles into a final geometry distribution on a further subpicosecond time scale. The binding energy of the Rydberg electron is found to be an important determinant of the conformeric energy landscape.
Reliability of Electroless Processed Thin Layered Solder Joints

There has recently been an increasing interest in using electroless processes to produce the metal thin film stacks that make up the bond pads in solder ball grid array (BGA) packages. Electroless processes produce a more uniform and better controlled film thickness, but the resulting metal stacks have exhibited less mechanical reliability than that of traditional electrolytic stacks. This paper addresses a layered system consisting of a eutectic Sn-Pb solder sandwiched between stacks of Cu, Ni, and Au thin films. The samples were tested to determine cyclic fatigue behavior and fracture toughness values using traditional linear elastic fracture mechanics techniques. Surprisingly, fatigue crack propagation occurred in the middle of the solder layer even though the electroless interface was expected to be very weak. In contrast, fracture tests did appear to cause failure near an interface, but not necessarily at the electroless interface. Fracture toughness values measured for these samples were much lower than those reported for bulk metals. These results are discussed in terms of the microstructures present in order to determine possible relationships between the microstructure of the solder joint and its fracture behavior.
A New Genus of Leafhoppers—Nanopsis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

The genus Nanopsis is described and contains one species, Jassus verticus Say, which was previously placed in the genus Oncopsis. This new genus is intermediate between Oncopsis and Macropsis.
Properties and synaptic mechanisms of bicuculline-induced epileptiform bursts in neocortical slices from children with intractable epilepsy

1. Bicuculline-induced epileptiform bursts in slices of neocortical tissue resected from children (3 mo to 14 yr) undergoing neurosurgical treatment for intractable epilepsy were studied with conventional intracellular recording techniques. The purposes of this study were to characterize the bursts evoked in immature human neocortical slices, to gain further insight to how N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors contribute to the genesis of the bursts, and to determine whether the characteristics of the bursts were related to patient age or clinically defined abnormality of the tissue. 2. Epileptiform bursts evoked by focal stimulation of the underlying white or gray matter in bicuculline (10 microM) were all-or-none events. Once evoked, the bursts in a given neuron appeared very similar to one another, regardless of stimulus intensity. Stronger stimuli only decreased the onset latency of the bursts. The bursts evoked with relatively weak stimuli ( 3 times the threshold) were invariable in onset latency. 3. Across different cells, particularly across the cells in different slices, the bursts were quite variable in terms of their morphology and duration. When measured at one-half of the amplitude of the underlying depolarization (approximately 20-50 mV), the duration of the bursts ranged from 20 to 775 ms (n = 80 cells). In 23% of the cases (18 of 80 cells), afterdischarges lasting for tens of milliseconds to a few seconds followed the bursts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electroweak precision tests in the LHC era and beyond

The current status of electroweak precision tests after the discovery of the Higgs boson is reviewed, both from a phenomenological and from a theoretical point of view. Predictions for all Z-pole quantities are now available at the complete fermionic two-loop order within the Standard Model. The calculation of these corrections is described based on the example of the total Z-boson width. Finally, an outlook on the experimental improvements and theoretical challenges for a future high-luminosity e + e collider is given.
Physics-Based Hydraulic Damper Model for Rotor Structural Loads

A physics-based, fully nonlinear hydraulic damper model was developed within the framework of the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System in order to facilitate integrated damper and rotorcraft analysis and design. The hydraulic damper governing equations of motion were formulated using flow continuity equations for each hydraulic device within the damper. The developed damper model was compared with bench test data of a hydraulic damper under harmonic oscillation. It was also evaluated as an integrated rotor-damper solution against test data from the NASA–Army UH-60A Airloads Program. For these evaluations, the accuracy of blade load predictions using the newly developed damper model was compared against conventional linear and nonlinear (table lookup) damper models. From these comparisons, the physics-based damper model is able to capture the hysteresis loops of the isolated damper under harmonic oscillation and provide physical insight by modeling the damper’s component parts. When integrated into Rot...
Voices of the "99 Percent": The Role of Online Narrative to Improve Health Care.

CONTEXT Communal blogs facilitate online narratives by providing opportunities for individuals to co-construct meaning and to engage in discussion about lived health experiences. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of health as a connective narrative among individuals organizing collectively in an online community. The "We are the 99 percent" Tumblr blog emerged as a spontaneous community platform of the Occupy Wall Street movement in the US. DESIGN Researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis of a total of 2003 blog posts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data analysis included a process of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing and verification. RESULTS Bloggers discussed medical crises and the role of injury and illness in maintaining financial solvency. The difficulty of obtaining health care and the lack of accessible quality care emerged as themes. In particular, unemployment and underemployment limited access to health insurance coverage. The bloggers expressed dissatisfaction with the health care system and the impact of financial status on health. These challenges were exacerbated for marginalized populations, such as women and veterans. CONCLUSION Findings offer implications for the value of online narrative to improve health care initiatives and to provide insight to integrated health care systems, including health care practitioners, nonprofit organizations, hospitals, and policy makers. Results suggest opportunities to address the health care gaps of marginalized populations and to develop public health policy.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Custom DNA Nanoparticles

A top-down computational design framework is presented to program synthetic DNA to self-assemble into a diverse array of 3D particles of prescribed symmetry and size on the 10 to 100 nanometer scale. Single-stranded DNA serves as a scaffold to span each arm of the particle, which consists of two parallel duplexes joined by at least one anti-parallel crossover to ensure structural rigidity. This design approach allows for high structural fidelity and quantitative synthetic yield. Minimal top-down, geometry-based sequence design, which uses input target nanoparticle size and shape to generate automatically optimal oligonucleotide sequences for structural synthesis, is explored together with folding characterization and thermodynamic modeling to optimize particle yield and stability. Experimental characterization of self-assembled structures using gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy indicate high folding yields and high structural fidelity of target particles folded in diverse media that include magnesium-free and cellular buffers.