cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filling Gaps in Genome Organization

Dosage compensation is a mechanism that redresses the X chromosome imbalance between males and females by reducing gene expression from the whole X chromosome. In their Perspective, [Alekseyenko and Kuroda][1] discuss new research in the nematode ([ Csankovszki et al .][2]) that follows the movements of the protein complex responsible for X chromosome repression in this organism. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5661/1148 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/303/5661/1182
Chronic Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol during Adolescence Differentially Modulates Striatal CB1 Receptor Expression and the Acute and Chronic Effects on Learning in Adult Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic administration of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during adolescence would (1) modify any sex-specific effects of THC on learning and (2) affect the development of tolerance to THC as an adult. Male and female rats received daily injections of saline or 5.6 mg/kg of THC from postnatal day 35-75, yielding four groups (female/saline, female/THC, male/saline, and male/THC). Rats were then trained on a procedure that assayed both learning and performance behavior and administered 0.32-18 mg/kg of THC acutely as adults (experiment 1). THC produced rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects in both sexes; however, female rats were more sensitive than male rats were to the rate-decreasing effects. Rats were then chronically administered 10 mg/kg of THC (experiment 2). Rats that received THC during adolescence developed tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects more slowly and less completely than did rats that received saline; in addition, females developed tolerance to the error-increasing effects of THC slower than males did. Western blot analysis of brain tissue indicated long-term changes in hippocampal and striatal cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) levels despite levels that were indistinguishable immediately after chronic treatment during adolescence. Striatal CB1R levels were increased in adult rats that received THC during adolescence; hippocampal CB1R levels varied by sex. In summary, female rats were more sensitive than male rats were to the acute and chronic effects of THC, and chronic administration of THC during adolescence produced long-term changes in CB1R levels that correlated with decreased tolerance development to the rate-decreasing effects of THC.
EVIDENCE FOR AGE-ASSOCIATED REDUCTION IN ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE AND SMOOTH MUSCLE RESPONSE IN THE RAT COLON

The effect of aging was examined on cholinergically mediated contractions and acetylcholine (ACh) release in isolated colonic segments from Fischer (F344 x BN) F1 rats, 4-8 mo (postpubertal) and 22-28 mo (senescent) of age. This species demonstrates age-dependent slowing of colonic transit. Muscle tension response to electrical stimulation of cholinergic neural pathways and application of ACh was significantly decreased in preparations from senescent compared with postpubertal animals. We focused on the hypothesis that aging was associated with reduced ACh release that resulted from decreased calcium influx through membrane calcium channels. Aging did not affect either the synthesis of [3H]ACh from [3H]choline or the percentage of 3H released in the form of [3H]ACh. However, elevated KCl-evoked release of [3H]ACh was significantly reduced in tissue from senescent compared with postpubertal animals. Treatment with the calcium ionophore ionomycin increased [3H]ACh release in tissue from senescent animals to near postpubertal levels. However, increasing extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) from 1.2 to 5 mM did not increase the amount of transmitter release in tissue from senescent animals to the levels observed with 1.2 mM [Ca2+]o in postpubertal tissue. The neuronal calcium channel antagonist omega-conotoxin GVIA inhibited acetylcholine release in a concentration-dependent manner with half-maximal inhibitory values of 1.8 and 8.2 nM for senescent and postpubertal preparations, respectively. In summary, age-dependent reduction in ACh release was observed in the rat colon myenteric plexus that may, in part, be associated with decreased calcium influx via membrane calcium channels.
Weighted simulated integrated conditional moment tests for parametric conditional distributions of stationary time series processes

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a weighted simulated integrated conditional moment (WSICM) test of the validity of parametric specifications of conditional distribution models for stationary time series data, by combining the weighted integrated conditional moment (ICM) test of Bierens (1984) for time series regression models with the simulated ICM test of Bierens and Wang (2012) of conditional distribution models for cross-section data. To the best of our knowledge, no other consistent test for parametric conditional time series distributions has been proposed yet in the literature, despite consistency claims made by some authors.
Ocular Immune Privilege and Transplantation

Allografts are afforded a level of protection from rejection within immune-privileged tissues. Immune-privileged tissues involve mechanisms that suppress inflammation and promote immune tolerance. There are anatomical features, soluble factors, membrane-associated proteins, and alternative antigen-presenting cells (APC) that contribute to allograft survival in the immune-privileged tissue. This review presents the current understanding of how the mechanism of ocular immune privilege promotes tolerogenic activity by APC, and T cells in response to the placement of foreign antigen within the ocular microenvironment. Discussed will be the unique anatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that lessen the chance for graft destroying immune responses within the eye. As more is understood about the molecular mechanisms of ocular immune privilege greater is the potential for using these molecular mechanisms in therapies to prevent allograft rejection.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts

Primary bile duct carcinoma is a malignancy with a poor prognosis, but recent diagnostic developments allow earlier detection and possibly improved chances for effective palliation or surgical cure. In order to increase the clinical understanding and awareness of this disorder, 43 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts were reviewed. The mean patient age was 63, and symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, and pruritus were reported in a majority of patients. Documented weight loss, acholic stools, cutaneous icterus, and hepatomegaly were each present in a majority of patients. Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase determinations were abnormal in 40 of 43 patients (93%), and cholangiography was the diagnostic study providing the most discriminating information. Locally invasive disease and biliary obstruction was the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and there was only one surgical cure. These data suggest that cholangiography and nonsurgical techniques for biliary drainage should be employed in most patients who are not optimal surgical candidates.
Modeling and Analysis of the Electrodynamic Tether Sling

The electrodynamic tether sling has the ability to catapult spacecraft out of the Earth’s gravitational eld without the need for propellant. The electrodynamic force is employed to spin up the tether and to change its orbit. A simple bang-bang current control scheme is developed for the spin-up maneuver.An elliptical spiral current control scheme is also developed to increase the energy of the orbit while maintaining the pergee close enough to the Earth for the electrodynamic force to be eective. The equations of motion governing the system are derived and used to demonstrate the eectiveness of the two control schemes. A constant stress tether is designed and parameterized in terms of nondimensional velocity and mass terms. As an example, a mission from low-Earth orbit to Mars requires a tetherto-payload mass ratio of 166.
Lymphoepithelioma-like Biliary Lesion With Low Malignant Potential, Epstein-Barr Virus Associated

Primary hepatic “lymphoepithelioma-like” carcinomas are very rare. The majority are cholangiocarcinomas, most of which are also associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection by staining for viral proteins and/or RNA. Here we report a “lymphoepithelioma-like” biliary lesion with EBV infection with uncertain or low malignant potential. A 72-year-old Asian woman with chronic hepatitis B …
Neuroreductionistic Dogma — A Heretical Counterview

If one were asked to identify the dominant theoretical theme in perceptual science today, the answer would have to be— neuroreductionism. Celebrated discoveries in many neurophysiological laboratories have provided a powerful heuristic for perceptual theory building. A wide variety of theories of relatively limited intended extent have been stimulated by the analogies between these neurophysiological data and perceptual phenomena. It is possible however, to classify almost all neuroreductionistic microtheories into four general classes.
One Low Frequency Signal Generator with the Noise Based on DDS AD9832

Direct digital synthesis which is widely used can offer high converting speed and pure signal spectrum.A AD9832 DDS signal generator with the noise is introduced.The pseudo-noise m sequence in the process,the system′s hardware and software design are discussed,and the control C driver source code of AD9832 are given.
Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Changping District,Beijing,2007-2013

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemic data of HIV / AIDS in Changping District,Beijing during 2007 to 2013 were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 453 HIV / AIDS cases including 15 deaths were reported in Changping from 2007 to 2013. The average annual report incidence rate was 5. 63 /100 000. The ages of the cases were mainly 20-39 years,accounting for 73. 29%( 332 /453). Amongst all the cases,415 were males and 38,females. The male to female ratio was 10. 92∶ 1. The occupation was mainly the housekeeping and the unemployed( 123 cases,27. 15%),followed by the office staff( 63 cases,13. 91%) and business services( 58 cases,12. 80%). Conclusion HIV / AIDS epidemic overall presented upward trend in Changping District,Beijing. The cases were mainly males aged 20-39 years. HIV / AIDS prevention and control system should be improved to fully implement the prevention and control measures.
Intentional Analysis of Medical Conversations for Community Engagement.

With an explosion in the proliferation of user-generated content in communities, information overload is increasing and quality of readily available online content is deteriorating. There is an increasing need for intelligent systems that make use of implicit user generated knowledge in communities for community engagement. We describe our approach based on modeling user utterances in communities to proactively target the community for exchange of questions and answers. We envision a system that automatically encourages user engagement and participation by routing relevant conversations to users based on individual and community activity levels. In this paper, we analyze health forum conversations from WebMD, a popular health portal consumer site, and classify them in different acts of speech using Verbal Response Modes (VRM) theory. We describe our approach for modeling an intelligent community recommender to engage participants based on observations from our analysis.
Black Voter Dilution, American Exceptionalism, and Racial Gerrymandering: The Paradox of the Positive in Political Public Relations

Racial gerrymandering in the U.S. state of South Carolina offers a case study to take a unique look at political control, power management, and government communication from the critical perspective of hidden reward structures. These reward structures result from strategic messaging by which an elite’s perspectives deliver to them power by marginalizing others and their perspectives. More specifically, we interrogate one dominant narrative advanced in the United States—American Exceptionalism—by highlighting the irony of how South Carolina elected officials use the 1965 Voting Rights Act to assure a Black Democratic member of the House of Representatives, but simultaneously by gerrymandering elected officials actually reduce the likelihood of a second Democratic representative of any race/ethnicity. Using the paradox of the positive as a critical political public relations framework, we highlight the ways that American Exceptionalism is used to impose control, a control that favors one voting perspective ...
Global Aeroheating Measurements of Shock–Shock Interactions on Swept Cylinder

The effects of the fin leading-edge radius and sweep angle on peak heating rates due to shock–shock interactions were investigated in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. The cylindrical leading-edge models, with radii varied from 0.25 to 0.75 in., represent wings or struts on hypersonic vehicles. A planar oblique shock at 16.7 deg to the flow intersected the fin bow shock, producing a shock–shock interaction that impinged on the fin leading edge. Three fin sweep angles were tested: 0, −15, and −25 deg (swept forward). Global temperature data were obtained from the surface of the fused silica fins using phosphor thermography. Metal oil-flow models were used to visualize the streamline patterns for each angle of attack. High-speed zoom-schlieren videos were recorded to show the features of the shock–shock interactions. The temperature data were analyzed using one-dimensional semi-infinite and one- and two-dimensional finite-volume methods. These results were compared to determine th...
On money in medicine and the angst it creates for medical students.

Tension between lifestyle preference and professional ideals can complicate medical students’ choice of specialty and practice model. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Abstract PR05: RB localizes to DNA double strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of SWI/SNF complex

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is widely recognized as a master regulator of the transcriptional program that controls entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. RB works by binding to members of the E2F family of transcription factors and recruiting chromatin-remodelers and modifiers to the promoters of E2F target genes. Here we show that RB localizes to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) dependent on E2F1 and ATM kinase activity. Moreover, RB promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination, and its loss results in genome instability. RB mediates this important role in repair by recruiting the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler BRG1 to DSBs. In agreement with these results, loss of BRG1 also results in impaired DNA end resection and HR. RB is recruited to DSBs through a DNA damage-inducible phospho-specific interaction between E2F1 and TopBP1. A knock-in mutation of the ATM phosphorylation site on E2F1 (S29A) prevents the interaction between E2F1 and TopBP1 and recruitment of RB, E2F1 and BRG1 to DSBs. This E2F1 mutation also impairs DNA repair, increases genomic instability and renders knock-in mice hypersensitive to IR. We uncover a novel, non-transcriptional function for RB in HR, which could contribute to genome instability associated with RB loss in human cancers and explain their sensitivity to DSB-inducing agents. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B09. Citation Format: Renier Velez-Cruz, Swarnalatha Manickavinayaham, Anup K. Biswas, Regina Weaks Clary, David G. Johnson. RB localizes to DNA double strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of SWI/SNF complex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.
Regression of metastatic, radiation/chemotherapy-resistant uterine serous carcinoma overexpressing HER2/neu with trastuzumab emtansine (TDM-1).

Abstract Background The management of uterine-serous-carcinoma (USC) no longer amenable to treatment with surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy remains dismal. Alternative therapeutic options are desperately needed. Case We describe the case of a heavily pretreated 74-year-old patient with a recurrent USC overexpressing HER2/neu at 3 + level by IHC treated with the anti-HER2/neu antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-emtansine (TDM-1-Kadcyla-Genentech/Roche). She experienced a remarkable clinical response to TDM-1 with a complete resolution of a large metastatic, radiation/chemotherapy resistant tumor deposit in her abdominal wall muscle confirmed by multiple CAT scans and a prolonged systemic control of her disease. Conclusion TDM-1 may represent a novel treatment option for recurrent/metastatic HER2/neu-positive USC patients refractory to salvage-treatment.
Extracorporeal life support system for emergency and serious disease in children

Extracorporeal life support system (ELSS) can maintain the heart,lung,liver,kidney function and increased cerebral blood supply and reduce intracranial pressure.In addition,for children with emergency and serious disease combined multiple organ failure (MOF),ECLS has an irreplaceable role in gaining time for the treatment of protopathy,which can ultimately reduce mortality and sequelae for children with emergency and serious disease.This review briefly summarizes the indication,pathophysiology and timing of ECLS in pediatric emergency and serious disease. Key words: Extracorporeal life support; Emergency and serious disease; Multiple organ failure; Children
Development of School-Based Asthma Management Programs in Rochester, New York: Presented in Honor of Dr Robert Haggerty

In the spirit of Dr. Haggerty's teachings, we present an overview of our work to improve care for children with asthma in the context of 3 lessons learned: 1) the importance of providing integrated services across disciplinary boundaries for children with chronic illness, 2) the need to move from a care model focused only on the individual child to a model focused on the child, family, and community, and 3) the need to expand beyond the local community and take a broad perspective on improving health on a national level. The goal of our program is to develop sustainable models to overcome the multiple obstacles to effective preventive care for urban children with asthma. The primary intervention for our original School-Based Asthma Therapy program was directly observed administration of preventive asthma medications in school (with dose adjustments on the basis of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines). We found that children who received preventive medications in school through directly observed therapy had improved outcomes across multiple outcome measures. Our subsequent asthma programs have focused on dissemination and sustainability, with the incorporation of communication technology to enhance the system of care. We are currently testing the 'School-Based Telemedicine Enhanced Asthma Management' program, including 400 children with persistent asthma from the Rochester City School District. This program includes directly observed administration of preventive asthma medication at school, and school-based telemedicine to assure appropriate evaluation, preventive medication prescription, and follow-up care. It is designed to implement and sustain guideline-based asthma care through existing community infrastructure, and could serve as a model for the integration of services in rural as well as urban communities.
Chinese Diplomatic Overtures toward Japan and Zhou Enlai

Chapter 2 examines how Zhou Enlai initiated Chinese diplomatic overtures towards Japan after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, amidst obstacles from within and without. New memoirs of Chinese and Japanese officials who were directly involved in Chinese foreign policy toward Japan, as well as newly published official biographies and chronologies of Zhou Enlai, reveal hitherto unknown facts.
Total Knee Replacement Sizing: Shoe Size Is a Better Predictor for Implant Size than Body Height

Background: Various sizes of implants need to be available during surgery. The purpose of this paper is to comparebody height and shoe size with implant sizes in patients who underwent total knee replacement surgery to see whichbiomarker is a better predictor for preoperative planning to determine implant size.Methods: A total of 100 knees, belonging to 50 females and 50 males, were observed. Participants’ body height andshoe size were collected and correlated to implant sizes of a current, frequently used, standard total knee replacement(TKR) implant. The femoral anteroposterior and mediolateral width and the tibial anteroposterior and mediolateral widthwere correlated with height and shoe size.Results: The correlation between shoe size and the four knee implant dimensions, femoral AP, ML, and tibial AP andML were higher than the correlations between height and the same four dimensions.Conclusion: The results indicated that shoe size is a better predictor of component dimensions than is body height.
How to Assess Students, Teachers, and Teaching Techniques: An Overview of Part IV

It is important to assess the results of teaching. The main objective of teaching is that students learn the material. So, the most important assessment task is to assess the students.
The Incidence of Intrauterine Device Provision in a Military Tertiary Care Facility From 2008–2014 Correlated to Contemporary Contraception Guidelines

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the incidence of intrauterine device (IUD) provision within the beneficiary population of a military tertiary care facility from 2008 to 2014 and in correlation with the publication of landmark contemporary guidelines for contraceptive use. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a military tertiary care facility using coding data to examine the trend in IUD provision correlated with published contraceptive practice guidelines from November 2008 to December 2014. The incidence of device provision was calculated per 1,000 female beneficiaries more than the age of 14 per month. The primary outcome was the mean monthly incidence of IUD in correlation with publication of the U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (2010) and the Practice Guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2011). For the subset of provisions that occurred by Family Medicine providers, the American Academy of Family Physicians (2012) ...
A Robust Optomotor Assay for Assessing the Efficacy of Optogenetic Tools for Vision Restoration.

Purpose To develop an animal behavioral assay for the quantitative assessment of the functional efficacy of optogenetic therapies. Methods A triple-knockout (TKO) mouse line, Gnat1-/-Cnga3-/-Opn4-/-, and a double-knockout mouse line, Gnat1-/-Cnga3-/-, were employed. The expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and its three more light-sensitive mutants, ChR2-L132C, ChR2-L132C/T159C, and ChR2-132C/T159S, in inner retinal neurons was achieved using rAAV2 vectors via intravitreal delivery. Pupillary constriction was assessed by measuring the pupil diameter. The optomotor response (OMR) was examined using a homemade optomotor system equipped with light-emitting diodes as light stimulation. Results A robust OMR was restored in the ChR2-mutant-expressing TKO mice; however, significant pupillary constriction was observed only for the ChR2-L132C/T159S mutant. The ability to evoke an OMR was dependent on both the light intensity and grating frequency. The most light-sensitive frequency for the three ChR2 mutants was approximately 0.042 cycles per degree. Among the three ChR2 mutants, ChR2-L132C/T159S was the most light sensitive, followed by ChR2-L132C/T159C and ChR2-L132C. Melanopsin-mediated pupillary constriction resulted in a substantial reduction in the light sensitivity of the ChR2-mediated OMR. Conclusions The OMR assay using TKO mice enabled the quantitative assessment of the efficacy of different optogenetic tools and the properties of optogenetically restored vision. Thus, the assay can serve as a valuable tool for developing effective optogenetic therapies.
Integrated Methods to Manufacture Hydrogel Microparticles with High Protein Conjugation Capacity and Binding Kinetics via Viral Nanotemplate Display

Genetically modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) can serve as a potent nanotemplate for high capacity protein conjugation through covalent coupling to its coat proteins with precise nanoscale spacing. TMV's own genomic RNA can also be exploited for orientationally controlled assembly onto various platforms with sequence and spatial selectivity via nucleic acid hybridization. Here we describe detailed methods for fabrication of hydrogel microparticles with capture DNA sequences, chemical activation and programming of TMV templates, TMV assembly with the microparticles and protein conjugation via bio-orthogonal click reactions.
Life maps and the multi-contextual development of undergraduate leadership identity

American institutions of higher education are working to develop relevant and meaningful learning experiences that prepare young people for leadership in a knowledge-dense, adaptive, and multicultural society (The Boyer Commission, 1998). But how does a college student learn to become a leader? This study explores the process of learning leadership across multiple contexts through the lens of identity development theory (Baxter Magolda & King, 2004; Erikson, 1968; Lord & Hall, 2005; Marcia, 1994; Rangell, 1994).
The Surprises of Newtonian Determinism

On the fifth day of July 1987, it will have been exactly three centuries ago that Newton’s celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica rolled off the press into the diligent hands of E. Halley. This work may truly be regarded as the temple of Newton’s determinism, and, albeit more generally and more loosely, of Newtonian determinism. The distinction is obvious enough. It is indeed a fact that three hundred years after the publication of the Principia, we still describe motion essentially in terms of differential equations, thereby following Newton’s original choice and decision.
Human Trophoblast Differentiation

The human placenta is a dynamic organ which performs vital structural and metabolic functions during pregnancy. The trophoblastic component of this organ, which is derived from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst (1,2), is responsible for many of these specialized roles. Trophoblasts assume different morphological forms and functions during pregnancy and their phenotype appears to be linked, at least in part, to their physical location. Trophoblastic cells invading the uterus can be either mononucleate (X cells or intermediate trophoblasts; 3,4,5) or multinucleated (giant wandering cells). These cells display a distinctive pattern of gene expression which has been mapped to some extent by immunocytochemical analysis of placental bed biopsies (6,7). Trophectoderm of the implanting blastocyst which faces the uterine lumen evolves into the chorion laeve, which contains mononucleate trophoblast cells. These cells also have an unique pattern of gene expression. The chorionic villi of the placenta consist of an outer layer of syncytial trophoblast overlying a layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts which sit ontop of a basement membrane encapsulating the core of the villus which contains capillaries, supporting cells and macrophages (Hoffbauer cells). The functional characteristics of the cytotrophoblasts and syncytial trophoblasts differ markedly as revealed by immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization histochemistry analysis of placental tissue (8). For example, cytotrophoblasts appear to be the site of synthesis of a variety of neural peptides including somatostatin, gonadotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin releasing hormone, whereas the syncytial trophoblast is enriched in enzymes participating in steroid hormone synthesis and is the primary site of chorionic gonadotropin (CG), chorionic somatomammotropin (CS) (9,10) and variant growth hormone production.
The Discrete Sine (DST) and Cosine (DCT) Transforms for Boundary Value Problems

In the preceding chapter, the discrete Fourier transform was introduced and was first used in a series—type solution of difference equations with periodic conditions that are the compatible conditions with the series form of the DFT. Then we used the DFT as a direct transform for reducing the difference equation to an algebraic equation as well as involving periodic boundary conditions, or even if there is a jump discontinuity at the end points instead of the zero jump for the (typical) periodic conditions. These series solutions, as well as the direct operational sum method of the DFT, were illustrated in Example 4.8 for solving a traffic flow problem. As we introduced briefly in Section 2.3, integral as well as finite (complex) exponential, sine, and cosine Fourier transforms are all used to algebraize differential operators, but they differ in accommodating different boundary conditions. So, as it may be expected, the discrete sine and cosine Fourier transforms are also compatible with different boundary conditions. This topic was discussed at the end of Section 2.4 in light of their respective operational pairs (2.127), (2.140), and (2.144), (2.143). There, only the important initial step of their algebraizing the difference operator E+E −1 in G n+1+G n-1 = (E+E −1)G n was illustrated in that discussion, and in Examples 2.12–2.14 for problems to be completed for their final solution in the second section of this chapter. This delay was necessary in order to have more tools of the operational as well as the sequence pairs developed for the discrete sine and cosine transforms. The emphasis in Section 2.4 was on the direct DST and DCT transforms operational sum calculus method of reducing difference equations, of even order along with accommodating the boundary conditions that are compatible with either the DST or DCT transforms. As we did in Section 4.4 for the use of the DFT in solving difference equations, with periodic boundary conditions we will, in Section 5.2, use the above DST and DCT for a series solution method as well as a direct operational sum calculus method. But, since the latter method was well discussed in Section 2.4, we will start the same and other problems with the series solution type method of using the DST and the DCT transforms. So in the following section we will establish the discrete sine and cosine transforms, and illustrate them with a few examples. Of course, the reason for beginning our study with the DFT, which seems to apply only to a very specialized kind of problems, is that once the DFT has been presented, the discrete sine and cosine transforms appear with very little additional work.
Robot-amplified manual exploration improves load identification

We tested how manual exploration with anisotropic loading (Viscosity-Only (negative), Inertia-Only, or Combined-Load) influenced skill transfer to the isolated inertial load. Intact subjects (N=39) performed manual exploration with an anisotropic load before evaluation with prescribed circular movements. Combined-Load resulted in lower error (6.89±3.25%) compared to Inertia-Only (8.40±4.32%) and Viscosity-Only (8.17±4.13%) according to radial deviation analysis (% of trial mean radius). An analysis of sensitivity to load variation in normal and catch trials reveals performance differences were likely due to changes in feedforward mass compensation. Analysis of exploration movement revealed higher average speeds (12.0%) and endpoint forces (22.9%) with Combined-Load exploration compared to Inertia-Only. Our findings suggest that free movements amplified by negative viscosity can enhance the ability to identify changes in inertial loading.
Analyzing Overhead from Security and Administrative Functions in Virtual Environment

The paper provides an analysis of the performance of an administrative component that helps the hypervisor to manage the resources of guest operating systems under fluctuation workload. The additional administrative component provides an extra layer of security to the guest operating systems and system as a whole. In this study, an administrative component was implemented by using Xen-hypervisor based para-virtualization technique and assigned some additional roles and responsibilities that reduce hypervisor workload. The study measured the resource utilizations of an administrative component when excessive input/output load passes passing through the system. Performance was measured in terms of bandwidth and CPU utilisation Based on the analysis of administrative component performance recommendations have been provided with the goal to improve system availability. Recommendations included detection of the performance saturation point that indicates the necessity to start load balancing procedures for the administrative component in the virtualized environment.
“Being Able to Support Yourself”: Young Adults’ Meaning of Financial Well-Being Through Family Financial Socialization

This study investigated how young adults’ (N = 31) perceptions of family financial socialization processes and experiences influenced their definition and understanding of financial well-being. Coding and analysis followed Gilgun et al. (Qualitative methods in family research, Sage, Newbury Park, 1992) pattern-matching approach of analytical induction. The financial socialization processes dimension of Gudmunson and Danes (J Fam Econ Issues, 32:644–667, 2011) Family Financial Socialization (FFS) theory guided confirmation or refutation of theoretical constructs used to organize young adults’ (M = 24 years) personal reflections and interpretations of financial well-being. Findings confirmed current FFS theory constructs while extending the theory by adding the concept of cognitive interpretations of finances and financial well-being (anticipatory socialization) with an accompanying hypothesis. Thus, greater conceptual precision is provided about the connective link between the family’s financial socialization processes and the individual’s development of personal financial dispositions.
Fixed-Point Theorems

In the theory of zero-sum, two-person games the basic theorem was proved by John von Neumann; he used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem. In the theory of many-person games the basic theorem was proved by J. F. Nash; he also used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem. We will prove Nash’s theorem with the Kakutani fixed-point theorem.
Chemogenomic screening Identifies the Hsp70 Co-chaperone HDJ2 as a Hub for Anticancer Drug Resistance

Abstract Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an important molecular chaperone that regulates oncoprotein stability and tumorigenesis. However, attempts to develop anti-chaperone drugs targeting molecules such as Hsp70 have been hampered by toxicity issues. Hsp70 is regulated by a suite of co-chaperone molecules that bring “clients” to the primary chaperone for efficient folding. Therefore, rather than targeting Hsp70 itself, here we have examined the feasibility of inhibiting the co-chaperone HDJ2, a member of the J domain protein family, as a novel anticancer strategy. We found HDJ2 to be upregulated in a variety of cancers, suggesting a role in malignancy. To confirm this role, we screened the NIH Approved Oncology collection for chemical-genetic interactions with loss of HDJ2 in cancer. 41 compounds showed strong synergy with HDJ2 loss, whereas 18 dramatically lost potency. Several of these hits were validated using a HDJ2 inhibitor (116-9e) in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell (CRPC) and spheroid models. Taken together, these results confirmed that HDJ2 is a hub for anticancer drug resistance and that HDJ2 inhibition may be a potent strategy to sensitize cancer cells to current and future therapeutics. Graphical Abstract HDJ2 knockout or inhibition via small molecule impacts cellular resistance to anticancer therapeutics.
Exploring variation in nonnative Japanese learners’ perception of lexical pitch accent: The roles of processing resources and learning context

This article reports findings on the effects of processing resources and learning context on the perceptual learning of lexical pitch accent in beginning nonnative Japanese learners. Native English speakers in at-home and study-abroad contexts were tested twice during a semester of Japanese study on their ability to judge the correctness of and categorize nouns by their pitch pattern. Regression analyses indicated that the ability to store nonnative-like sound sequences in phonological short-term memory (PSTM), as well as auditory processing ability, predicted a significant degree of perceptual gains made over a 12-week interval. However, these predictors were task specific in that PSTM capacity predicted correctness judgment gains, while auditory processing accounted for variation in categorization. Furthermore, despite learners in the at-home context performing slightly better overall, processing resources adhered to the same predictive pattern when context was taken into account. The results suggest that (a) neither increased input during study-abroad nor targeted instruction is sufficient for most learners to acquire lexical accent; (b) processing resources support the acquisition of lexical prosody, but these may depend on how learning is assessed; and (c) PSTM operates across learning contexts, suggesting it to be a domain-general capacity in early-stage nonnative language acquisition.
Exploring the Unmet Need for Technology to Promote Motor Ability in Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective To (1) identify types of technology that promote motor ability in children younger than 5 years of age, (2) report on the type of support these devices provide, and (3) evaluate their potential for use in the community (outside of the laboratory or clinic). Data Sources A literature search of PubMed was conducted in February 2019 using specific terms, including child, rehabilitation, movement, and instrumentation. Study Selection The search yielded 451 peer-reviewed articles, which were screened by multiple reviewers. Articles that described the use of devices for the purpose of motor rehabilitation and/or assistance (regardless of device type or body part targeted) in the age range of 0-5 years were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction In conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, final stage data extraction consisted of full text readings where each article was reviewed twice by 3 independent reviewers. Data Synthesis About half of the devices available (46%) for children younger than 5 years of age are orthotics and corrective casting devices. There are more facilitative (ie, power mobility devices) than inhibitive (ie, casting) technologies being used. Approximately 60% of the devices are designed for use by a single body part. Walking is the most common motor skill addressed. Although most of the devices were used to some degree outside of the laboratory or clinic, most of the devices available are considered investigative and are not available for commercial purchase. Conclusions Many types of pediatric devices to assist movement exist, but the current scope of employed devices is limited. There is a need for developing technology that allows for, if not supports, high-dosage, early, and variable motor practice that can take place in community settings.
[Analysis on the dietary survey results of 60 years old and over population in different economic area of Zhejiang Province in 2010-2012].

Objective To analyze the dietary energy and pattern of the elderly in different economic area of Zhejiang Province. Methods Data was from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey from 2010 to 2012 in Zhejiang Province. The 24 h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used in dietary survey and weighing method was used for condiment intake. Results There were 793 elderly( age≥60 years) attended in the survey. The intake of beans and nuts, fish and shrimps, eggs, cereals and vegetables respectively were 30. 26, 54. 07, 20. 56, 300. 27 and 277. 78 g. The livestock and poultry meat( 92. 69 g), salt( 9. 14 g), and cooking oil( 33. 60 g) intake was higher than that recommended. Dietary pattern of the urban was better than that of the rural areas. The proportion of energy providing in protein and fat was 14. 17% and 34. 46%, respectively. The proportion of protein from grain and animal food was 31. 51% and 37. 48%. The proportion of fat from plant food was 66. 44%. Conclusion The major problems areirregular diet, imbalanced diet, and unreasonable food sources of protein in Zhejiang province. Because the level of each localities economic development is different, each region's dietary problems are different. We need to research in different areas to analyze specific issues of nutrition interventions, and improving the elders' life quality.
Digitalization and the greening of supply chains

This study provides a reflective overview on the role of traditional and emergent digitalization and information technologies for leveraging environmental supply chain sustainability – while reflecting on potential trade-offs and conflicts of digitalization and greening.,The authors use relevant literature and literature from Industrial Management and Data Systems (IMDS) research published in this journal over the past 50 years. They also use their knowledge and over 30 years of research experience in the field to provide professional scholarly reflections and perspective.,The authors provide a focused and succinct evaluation for research directions. A pressures, practices and performance framework sets the stage for pertinent research questions and theoretical needs to investigate the nexus of digitalization and green supply chain management. The authors provide two frameworks with exemplary practices and research for traditional and emergent digitalization and information technology. Their reflection concludes with a summary and steps forward.,The authors show how research and practice can be used to affect supply chain greening with digitalization and information technology. They observe that care should be taken given that these technologies can paradoxically simultaneously offer solutions to environmental degradation and potentially be a source of environmental degradation across the supply chain.,This work provides a summary and unique perspective that links traditional and emergent digitalization technology to green and environmental sustainability work. The area has not seen a clear summary and path forward and shows how IMDS literature has contributed to the field for decades.
Metabolic shifts modulate lung injury caused by infection with H1N1 influenza A virus.

Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) infection alters lung epithelial cell metabolism in vitro by promoting a glycolytic shift. We hypothesized that this shift benefits the virus rather than the host and that inhibition of glycolysis would improve infection outcomes. A/WSN/33 IAV-inoculated C57BL/6 mice were treated daily from 1 day post-inoculation (d.p.i.) with 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis and with the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) to promote flux through the TCA cycle. To block OXPHOS, mice were treated every other day from 1 d.p.i. with the Complex I inhibitor rotenone (ROT). 2-DG significantly decreased nocturnal activity, reduced respiratory exchange ratios, worsened hypoxemia, exacerbated lung dysfunction, and increased humoral inflammation at 6 d.p.i. DCA and ROT treatment normalized oxygenation and airway resistance and attenuated IAV-induced pulmonary edema, histopathology, and nitrotyrosine formation. None of the treatments altered viral replication. These data suggest that a shift to glycolysis is host-protective in influenza.
WHITE-TAILED JACKRABBITS: A REVIEW AND CALL FOR RESEARCH

White-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii) were once abundant in North America and provided a number of ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, facilitating the persistence of other species, and serving as a prey species for predators, including golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and numerous others. Reports describe declines and extirpations across much of their range, but given the extremely limited research available, it is difficult to determine what factors have led to reductions of white-tailed jackrabbits. Researchers have investigated few areas of white-tailed jackrabbit ecology, including the possible effects of climate change, habitat degradation and loss, competition with black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), and changes in predator composition. We review the life history and research available on white-tailed jackrabbits, discuss possible causes of their decline, suggest areas that require additional research, and make recommendations regarding their management.
Edible Films and Coatings for Meat and Poultry

Edible films and coatings are defined as continuous matrices that can be prepared from proteins, polysaccharides and/or lipids to alter the surface characteristics of a food. Although the terms films and coatings are used interchangeably, films in general are preformed and are freestanding, whereas, coatings are formed directly on the food product. Proteins used in edible films include wheat gluten, collagen, corn zein, casein and whey protein. Alginate, dextrin, pectin chitosan, starch and cellulose derivatives are commonly used in polysaccharide films. Suitable lipids for use in films and coatings include waxes, acylglycerol, and fatty acids (Kester and Fennema 1986). Composite films containing both lipid and hydrocolloid components have also been developed.
Frequency reconfigurable spirograph planar monopole antenna (SPMA)

Today's communication systems demand both increased performance and reduced size. A frequency reconfigurable antenna provides the capability for the antenna to operate in only the desired frequency range while rejecting neighboring ones. This reduces interference which will consequently increase S/N ratio, thus channel capacity or power efficiency. An antenna which covers multiple bands provides an aperture which can be used for multiple applications, thus a reusable aperture, or the entire bandwidth can be used simultaneously to provide high data rate. Also by consolidating the number of antennas required, the overall size of the system is decreased. If the antenna dimension is small enough such that it can be used as a scanning array element (typically < 0.6λ at the highest frequency of operation), high gain and/or beam scanning applications can be accommodated [1], which further increases performance. A reusable aperture, high data rate capability, and beam scanning capability create a multi-purpose system, which decreases the number of antennas required to cover various applications while increasing system capability.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism: The effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus☆

Rats maintained on tritiated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ as their sole source of vitamin D and placed on diets differing in calcium content had similar intestinal levels of tritiated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/. Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ administration eliminated adaptation of intestinal calcium transport, it appears that increased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ is responsible for the stimulation of calcium transport by low dietary calcium. When maintained on tritiated, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/, rats fed a low-phosphorus diet had somewhat higher levels of tritiated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ in the duodenum and plasma than rats on a normal-phosphorus diet. In addition to stimulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ synthesis, low dietary phosphorus may increase the accumulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ in both intestine and plasma.