cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The development and evolution of a faculty competency‐based education training course

Background This article chronicles the design and development of a competency-based education (CBE) training course for faculty transitioning to a true CBE model at Salt Lake Community College's School of Applied Technology. The faculty CBE training course outlines the standards, expectations, and best practices with real-world examples and hands-on activities. Methods A team-based approach was used with regard to the design and development of the training course. Authors of this article were members of that design and development team. Results Although development was ultimately successful, initial trial and error led to many challenges and lessons learned which are highlighted in the article as recommendations to educators transitioning to a CBE model. The training course is just beginning to be used, so results regarding its implementation are not yet available.
The Myth of Mere Movement

Since Wilfrid Sellars’s “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind,” the myth of the Given has been central to philosophical discussions of perceptual experience and knowledge. In its most prominent form, the idea of the Given is the idea that perceptual experience can rationally support one’s thoughts but has no conceptual content. Now, intentional action is widely thought to be the structural complement of perceptual experience; via perceptual experience, the world impresses itself on the mind; via intentional action, the mind impresses itself on the world. But if that is true, we should suspect that there is something structurally similar to the idea of the Given in our thinking about intentional action. In this essay, I show in detail that indeed there is. Roughly, it is the idea that intentional actions can be rationally supported by one’s thoughts but have no conceptual content. I contend further that if the Given is a “myth,” so too is this structural analog. I also argue that if John McDowell’s way of avoiding the Given is satisfactory, there is a correlative way of avoiding the structural analog. The intriguing result: intentional action must have conceptual content. In the end, I raise two key questions about whether we should accept this result.
Compound semiconductor integrated photonics for avionics

This talk will focus on recent work done at Sandia National Laboratories in compound semiconductor integrated photonics relevant to avionics. Two technologies will be presented: Sandia's InP-based photonic integrated circuit platform which enables highly functional circuits and advanced heterogenous integration for microscale photovoltaic systems.
The Bony Side of Endothelial Cells in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer bone metastases are primarily osteoblastic, but the source of bone-forming cells in these lesions remains poorly defined. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Lin et al. (2017) demonstrate that tumor-associated endothelial cells can give rise to osteoblasts in prostate cancer through endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) conversion.
Metabolomic imaging of a quaternary ammonium salt within a marine bacterial biofilm on carbon steel

Abstract A novel method to investigate penetration, distribution and metabolic effects of biocides in microbial biofilms is described. LASCA (laser ablation solvent capture by air flow) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allowed for the visualization of distributions of specific ion masses, including the signature of a quaternary ammonium salt biocide, benzyl dimethyl dodecyl ammonium chloride (BDDAC), throughout the biofilm. The biocide penetrated the upper layers of a Marinobacter sp. biofilm on a carbon steel coupon in seawater after 30 min. The concentration initially decreased with depth; however, it again increased close to the metal surface. Penetration of the biocide primarily occurred close to the center of the circular coupon, where ions with negative mass defects were preferentially detected, indicating that this is the anodic region of the corroding coupon. Future work using high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) will allow the identification within the biofilm of bacterial metabolites directly affected by biocide action.
Long-Lived Charge-Transfer States of Nickel(II) Aryl Halide Complexes Facilitate Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer

Here we investigate the photophysics and photochemistry of Ni(II) aryl halide complexes common to cross-coupling and Ni/photoredox reactions. Computational and ultrafast spectroscopic studies reveal that these complexes feature long-lived 3MLCT excited states, implicating Ni as an underexplored alternative to precious metal photocatalysts. Moreover, we show that 3MLCT Ni(II) engages in bimolecular electron transfer with ground-state Ni(II), which enables access to Ni(III) in the absence of external oxidants or photoredox catalysts. As such, it is possible to facilitate Ni-catalyzed C–O bond formation solely by visible light irradiation, thus representing an alternative strategy for catalyst activation in Ni cross-coupling reactions.
Sporulation in Evolutionarily Divergent Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Evolutionary processes build upon pre-existing genetic material to develop increased degrees of biological diversity and complexity. Thus, the first organisms to appear on earth were undoubtedly very simple, and complexity evolved as dictated by evolutionary pressure for survival. Those organisms that remained in constant environments resembling the primordial seas may have been under little pressure to change, but most organisms were faced with a need to grow, reproduce, and survive in a fluctuating environment which was not always consistent with life as it existed then. In order to obviate the need for constant and favorable external conditions, primitive living organisms followed either or both of two strategies. First, they evolved resting cell structures that could withstand extremes of environmental conditions; and second, they became adhesive, generating the multicellular state so that the intercellular space became an environment which, to some extent, could be controlled by the organism. Among the former groups of organisms are those that produced resting cells of low metabolic activity such as the spores of microbes, seeds of plants, and dormant haploid and diploid eggs of certain animals. Among the latter groups of organisms were animals and plants in which the constituent cells formed a solid mass so that the constitution of the intercellular environment could be regulated by secretory processes. Elements on the external surface of the organism provided protection for cells located internally.
On Enlarging the Domain of Attraction

In this chapter, we will present a method for designing feedback gains that result in large domains of attraction. Our approach is to formulate the problem into a constrained optimization problem. Since the precise domain of attraction under a feedback law is hard to identify, we will first obtain invariant ellipsoids as estimates of the domain of attraction and then maximize the estimate over stabilizing feedback laws
Intractable plantar keratosis.

Summary 1. Of 142 operations the callus was entirely eliminated in 112 (79 per cent); it was lessened in 23 (16 per cent) and recurred in seven (5 per cent). In 18 patients (13 per cent) a new lesion developed adjacent to the original one. In six of the 18 patients who developed a callus adjacent to the original lesion, an arthroplasty was carried out that eliminated the keratosis. 2. The pain was eliminated in 101 (71 per cent) and lessened in 37 (18 per cent). Only two patients stated that the pain was unchanged and two patients were made worse by the procedure. 3. The procedure is biomechanically sound and no damage is done to the structural stability of the foot. 4. Ninety-three per cent of the patients were glad they had had surgery; only 4 per cent regretted it. 5. Release of the transverse metatarsal ligament on either side of the metatarsal phalangeal joint has now been incorporated into some of our arthroplasties in an attempt to produce even better results than those obtained in this series.
The brain’s body: neuroscience and corporeal politics

Victoria Pitts-Taylor’s The Brain’s Body: Neuroscience and Corporeal Politics is a comprehensive review both of the developments in contemporary neuroscience that are challenging biological determi...
The Self and Creativity

I was invited by the editors of this volume to write a chapter on “creativity and the self.” Given the vague and slippery nature of these concepts, this is not an easy task—attempting to be heuristic in my creative thinking about creativity. I shall first define creativity and selfhood, then relate creativity to several person variables and psychological processes. I will then critique the literature and offer some suggestions for a new program of research. Last, I will discuss various ways of fostering creativity in people.
Plasticity, the genetics of difference, and the repair of utopia

In this article, I propose theorizing imaginaries of futurity—rather than ‘imaginaries of the future’—in terms of what the French philosopher Catherine Malabou calls plasticity. Since her earliest work on Hegel, Heidegger and plasticity, Malabou has continued to develop concepts of ‘positive plasticity’ (the giving of form) and ‘negative plasticity’ (the receiving of form) that adhere, she claims, to the generativity of Life itself. In contrast to Fredric Jameson, Malabou’s present is vital, with the potential at any and every moment for ‘breaking free’ from pre-conceived onto-epistemological constructs. Her work on plasticity locates the vitality of history in the ‘strange critical entity, at once philosophical, scientific, and political, that would be a consciousness of the brain’ (2008: 2). This statement grounds a new concept of utopia as plasticity. In defining the contribution of Malabou’s investigation to identifying a utopian imaginary as plasticity, I revisit Darko Suvin’s well-known notion of the novum, which he develops from the work of Ernst Bloch. The novum names a figuration of radical difference, and Suvin maintains its role as the ‘breaking-free’ that structures difference in, and as, utopia.
Manipulating Light with 2D Materials

Here, we review our recent efforts in controlling the flow of light using polaritonic excitations in 2D materials [1]. In the far-field, the general constitutive materials response of 2D materials, in conjunction with metasurface approaches, can potentially enable arbitrary control of phase, amplitude, polarization of light. In the near field, these polaritons can also exhibit unusual hyperbolic and chiral propagations, leading to rays-like optics and non-reciprocal light flow.
Urinary cadmium concentrations and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014.

BACKGROUND Low to moderate acute cadmium exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. Little is known about the association between urinary cadmium levels-an indicator of longer-term exposure-and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS We analysed data from 3982 participants aged 20-<80 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2014. Urinary cadmium levels were measured and adjusted for creatinine using spot urine samples. Cadmium levels were evaluated in quintiles (Q). MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report criteria. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression accounting for complex survey design, while adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by sex and smoking status. RESULTS In the overall study population, there was a marginal inverse association between urinary cadmium and MetS (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-1.0). Sex stratified models were similar. When examining individual components of MetS, participants with higher levels of urinary cadmium had decreased odds of abdominal obesity (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), but increased odds for low HDL (adj. OR for Q5 versus Q1 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1). Among current smokers, higher urinary cadmium was associated with increased odds of MetS, hypertension, and low HDL even after accounting for serum cotinine-a marker of smoking intensity. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of urinary cadmium, a marker of long term exposure, were not associated with an increased risk of MetS in the overall study population. However, higher urine cadmium was associated with altered MetS components. Current smokers were the most vulnerable group, with higher long-term cadmium exposure being associated with increased risk of MetS, low HDL, and hypertension.
Nanoelectrode Arrays Based on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers for Dielectrophoretic Capture and Detection of Pathogens

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique that utilizes electric field to manipulate polarizaule particles. Here we summarize our studies on developing a nanostructured DEP device for capture of bacterial cells and viral particles. A high magnitude non-uniform electric field was produced in a microfluidic channel utilizing a nanoelectrode array made of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers versus a macroscopic indium tin oxide counter electrode in a “points-and-lid” configuration. Reversiule DEP capture was demonstrated with E. coli bacterial cells (~1-2 micron in size) and viral particles (bacteriophage T4r and vaccinia virus, ~80-200 nm in size) with an AC voltage (100 Hz to 1 MHz). The DEP technique can Ue coupled with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) reporter for rapid and specific detection of E. coli cells.
Development of Electronic Medical Record Solutions for Immune Effector Cell Therapies: Single Institution Implementation in an Academic Medical Center

Introduction/Objectives Immune effector cell (IEC) therapy is a novel treatment modality which can result in significant toxicities including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Consistent and thorough clinical monitoring is paramount to patient outcomes. Our goal was to create solutions in our electronic medical record (EMR), Epic®, to support our treating team in monitoring and providing treatment of these complex patients as well to aid in quality data monitoring that is essential for regulatory requirements. Methods Monitoring solutions created include a CARTOX10 nursing flowsheet (Figure 1), rounding synopsis (Figure 2), a CRS/neurotoxicity grading assessment tool (Figure 3), and two best practice advisories (BPA) (Figure 4). Results/Conclusion The CARTOX10 nursing flowsheet auto-calculates the patient's CARTOX10 score after the assessment is completed by the nurse [1]. The rounding synopsis is a data collection tool used by the treatment team to complete a review of toxicities and minimizes the amount of time it takes to navigate patients' charts. The grading assessment tool optimizes and standardizes provider documentation. It features drop-down menus for grading of CRS and neurotoxicity. Documentation with this tool includes discrete data elements that are easy to use and standardized focusing on the organs affected by CRS. The tool can efficiently be carried into the providers' daily progress note and tracks the patient's daily trends. Additionally, this documentation tool is helpful for data reporting purposes and quality monitoring. Our best practice advisories are used to notify providers to avoid corticosteroids outside the context of neurotoxicity or treatment resistant CRS as this has been proven to impact the effectiveness of IEC therapy.1 In the event that the patient presents acutely to the emergency department during the initial 4-week monitoring period, our second BPA notifies the emergency room staff to notify the treating team and to avoid the administration of corticosteroids. Lastly, our electronic orders include both admission and toxicity order sets. The admission order set features all supportive care and communication orders for staff to monitor patients. The toxicity order set mirrors our treatment algorithm and contains drop-down menus for each grade of toxicity with corresponding monitoring parameters.Utilization of these tools in our EMR has greatly streamlined our documentation, increased our treatment teams' ability to efficiently make critical treatment decisions in a timely manner as well as meet all data reporting regulatory requirements.
Real-world impact of ongoing regular exercise in overweight and obese US adults with diabetes on health care utilization and expenses.

Abstract Aims To assess the effect of regular exercise on health care utilization patterns and expenses in a real-world national sample of overweight and obese US adults with diabetes. Methods Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2010–2015) identified adults with diabetes and a body mass index (kg/m2) ≥ 25. Two groups were created: exercise (moderate or vigorous physical activity >30 min at least five times weekly) and non-exercise groups. Outcomes measured average total health care expenses (per-person per-annum) and the likelihood of hospitalization. Results Among 5140 overweight and obese adults with diabetes, 49.1% reported exercising at least five times weekly. The exercise group showed lower medical care and prescription drug utilization than the non-exercise group (p Conclusions Reduced hospitalization and health care expenses were associated with regular exercise (≥30 min at least five times weekly) in overweight and obese adults with diabetes.
Family Problem-Solving and Attachment Quality: Associations With Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior

Close parent–child relationships are protective against the development of delinquent behavior. By creating a context for open communication and trust, parents positively influence adolescent development. The current study examined the associations among attachment quality, family problem- solving, and adolescent risk-taking behavior, as well as the mediating effect of family problem-solving on the relationship between attachment quality and adolescent risk-taking behavior. Participants included 520 adolescents (ages 10 to 19, M = 14.24) and their parents or guardians (N = 520). Two path analyses were conducted to test study hypotheses. As predicted, attachment quality was negatively associated with parent and adolescent perceptions of adolescent risk-taking behavior and positively related to family problem-solving ability, after controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Contrary to our hypothesis, family problem-solving ability did not mediate the effect of attachment quality on parent or youth perceptions of adolescent risk-taking behavior. Preventive interventions that encourage warm, supportive bonds between parents and youth may aid families in deterring youth from negative risk-taking behavior. Further research should examine other family-level factors that might influence adolescent risk-taking via direct and indirect pathways.
Effect of rapid thermal annealing of copper indium aluminium gallium diselenide solar cell devices and its deposition challenges

Abstract Thin-film photovoltaic research based on ternary or quaternary absorber materials has mainly concentrated on copper (indium/gallium) diselenide, CuIn x Ga 1-x Se 2 (CIGS). This material has demonstrated exceptional energy conversion efficiencies. By altering the In/Ga ratio the band gap can be varied from 1.02 eV (for CuInSe 2 ) to 1.68 eV (for CuGaSe 2 ). However, research from leading groups showed that cells have maximum efficiency at or below 1.35 eV. This paper reports the challenges of using aluminium alloyed CIGS deposited with a single step co-evaporation method. Adding aluminium is found to reduce the bulk trap state density for wide gap devices. However, it created significant safety issues when compared to conventional CIGS co-evaporation deposition systems. The release of H 2 Se when moisture comes in contact with aluminium selenide was resolved by placing exhaust lines at various places of the deposition chamber. A single phase CIAGS device with a bandgap of 1.30 eV was prepared using a co-evaporation method. The fabricated solar cell devices with CIAGS absorber layers and resulted in a photoconversion efficiency of 10.3%. A progressive rapid thermal annealing at various temperature resulted in a 10% increase in the overall efficiency at 300 °C. The efficiencies were reduced when the RTA temperature increased above 300 °C.
Patterns of trauma across Andean South America: New discoveries and advances in interpretation

Abstract In his review article John W. Verano covered trauma, warfare, trophy taking, and human sacrifice, but his discussion mostly focused on the results of studies of museum or private collections and the recent discovery of the mass human sacrifice from Huaca de la Luna. Due to the renewed interest in the paleopathology of South America, a trend which Verano observed, these types of investigations have grown exponentially in the past twenty years since his initial publication. Here we synthesize the published data on the study and interpretation of traumatic injuries across time and space and we tease out some of the themes that have emerged in the twenty odd years since the seminal paper written by Verano. We searched and analyzed publications from 1997 to 2017 that pertained specifically to Andean South America through the review of library databases and then narrowed our search to trauma-related topics. In our literature review and meta-analysis of published studies on traumatic injuries, we found that nearly one-third of publications related to the field of paleopathology in Andean South America dealt with subjects we classified under trauma (N = 116/378), such as trephination, violence, sacrifice, warfare, etc. Large sample sizes, population-focused research, advances in methods of analysis, and hypothesis driven investigations have led to sophisticated and nuanced interpretations along a wide range of themes so that we understand a great deal more about violence, sacrifice, trephination, warfare and their sociopolitical and environmental contexts in prehistoric and early colonial Andean South America.
Machine Learning for Security and the Internet of Things: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has allowed for unprecedented data collection, automation, and remote sensing and actuation, transforming autonomous systems and bringing smart command and control into numerous cyber physical systems (CPS) that our daily lives depend on. Simultaneously, dramatic improvements in machine learning and deep neural network architectures have enabled unprecedented analytical capabilities, which we see in increasingly common applications and production technologies, such as self-driving vehicles and intelligent mobile applications. Predictably, these technologies have seen rapid adoption, which has left many implementations vulnerable to threats unforeseen or undefended against. Moreover, such technologies can be used by malicious actors, and the potential for cyber threats, attacks, intrusions, and obfuscation that are only just being considered, applied, and countered. In this paper, we consider the good, the bad, and the ugly use of machine learning for cybersecurity and CPS/IoT. In detail, we consider the numerous benefits (good use) that machine learning has brought, both in general, and specifically for security and CPS/IoT, such as the improvement of intrusion detection mechanisms and decision accuracy in CPS/IoT. More pressing, we consider the vulnerabilities of machine learning (bad use) from the perspectives of security and CPS/IoT, including the ways in which machine learning systems can be compromised, misled, and subverted at all stages of the machine learning life-cycle (data collection, pre-processing, training, validation, implementation, etc.). Finally, the most concerning, a growing trend has been the utilization of machine learning in the execution of cyberattacks and intrusions (ugly use). Thus, we consider existing mechanisms with the potential to improve target acquisition and existing threat patterns, as well as those that can enable novel attacks yet to be seen.
Explore the Map

This chapter explores the importance of navigating the terrain of social interactions, being open to new experiences, and avoiding the traps of going through the linear motions of the well-worn pathways of life. The rewards for choosing to explore the boundaries of the territory will also be discussed as well as how to minimize interpersonal risk by being able to recognize potential the dangers are and how to react to them. Examples from various games, along with Face-Work and Affect Theory, will be creating an understanding that being open to new experiences means viewing emotion as the pallet that influences a person’s views of the world and creates a roadmap of how to be a more open person.
Mass outflow of the X-ray emission line gas in NGC 4151

We have analysed Chandra/High Energy Transmission Gratings spectra of the X-ray emission line gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151. The zeroth order spectral images show extended H- and He-like O and Ne, up to a distance $r \sim$ 200 pc from the nucleus. Using the 1st order spectra, we measure an average line velocity $\sim -230$ km s$^{-1}$, suggesting significant outflow of X-ray gas. We generated Cloudy photoionisation models to fit the 1st order spectra. We required three emission-line components, with column density, log$N_{H}$, and ionisation parameter, log$U$, of 22.5/1.0, 22.5/0.19, and 23.0/-0.50, respectively. To estimate the total mass of ionised gas and the mass outflow rates, we applied the model parameters to fit the zeroth order emission-line profiles of Ne~IX and Ne~X. We determined the total mass of $\approx 5.4 \times$ 10$^{5}$ M_sun. Assuming the same kinematic profile as that for the [O~III] gas, the peak X-ray mass outflow rate was $\approx 1.8$ M_sun yr$^{-1}$, at $r \sim 150$ pc. The total mass and mass outflow rates are similar to those determined using [O~III], implying that the X-ray gas is a major outflow component. However, unlike the optical outflows, the X-ray outflow rate does not drop off at $r >$ 100 pc, which suggests that it may have a greater impact on the host galaxy.
Predicting emotional abuse among a sample of college students.

Objective: This study aims to examine factors related to emotional abuse, an understudied type of intimate partner violence (IPV), among a sample of college students. Participants: 601 undergraduates from one large public university in the Midwestern United States (Spring 2017) and 756 undergraduates from one large public university in the Southern United States (Fall 2019) participated in the study. Methods: Participants completed an online survey measuring demographic information, behavioral variables (viewing porn, alcohol consumption, and hooking up), and history of violence (witnessing a father abuse his spouse, emotional abuse history). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses predicting emotional abuse victimization were conducted. Results: Results indicate female, white, older students were more likely to report emotional abuse. Also, students witnessing their father abuse his spouse, frequent pornography use, increased alcohol use, and frequent hookups increased odds of emotional abuse. Conclusion: College campuses should consider emphasizing emotional abuse in IPV programing.
Home for a rest: stem cell niche of the postnatal growth plate

The resting zone houses a group of slowly proliferating 'reserve' chondrocytes and has long been speculated to serve as the stem cell niche of the postnatal growth plate. But are these resting chondrocytes bona fide stem cells? Recent technological advances in lineage tracing and next-generation sequencing have finally allowed researchers to answer this question. Several recent studies have also shed light into the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of resting chondrocytes, thus providing us with important new insights into the role of the resting zone in the paracrine and endocrine regulation of childhood bone growth.
New Series: Minimally invasive surgery updates

We hope to keep you abreast of how laparoscopic techniques are revolutionizing surgical care, and what this means for your patients.
From Poverty to Disaster and Back: a Review of the Literature

Poor people are disproportionally affected by natural hazards and disasters. This paper provides a review of the multiple factors that explain why this is the case. It explores the role of exposure (often, but not always, poor people are more likely to be affected by hazards), vulnerability (when they are affected, poor people tend to lose a larger fraction of their wealth), and socio-economic resilience (poor people have a lower ability to cope with and recover from disaster impacts). Finally, the paper highlights the vicious circle between poverty and disaster losses: poverty is a major driver of people’s vulnerability to natural disasters, which in turn increase poverty in a measurable and significant way. The main policy implication is that poverty reduction can be considered as disaster risk management, and disaster risk management can be considered as poverty reduction.
COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to set back major successes that have been achieved in global vaccine initiatives. We conducted a rapid review and synthesis of the literature on immunization provision and Utilization since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 11 papers comprising peer-reviewed articles and key policies and guidelines, published between January 1 and June 15, 2020, were analyzed. Widespread disruptions of routine immunization and vaccination campaigns were reported leaving millions of children worldwide at risk of measles outbreaks. We present an expanded model of the World Health Organization's Global Routine Immunization Strategic Plan (GRISP) action areas as a tool to help countries quickly adapt to immunization challenges in the presence of COVID-19 and close the emerging immunization coverage gaps.
Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Subungual Pyogenic Granuloma with Topical Timolol Solution

Introduction: Subungual pyogenic granuloma (PG) can be caused by numerous medications including chemotherapeutic agents. These lesions grow rapidly, oftentimes causing significant pain and bleeding, prompting patients to seek treatment. The management of subungual PG ranges from topical steroids to surgical excision. However, patients with chemotherapy-induced PGs are prone to developing multiple or recurrent lesions. Therefore, finding a therapeutic option that effectively eliminates the tumor and prevents the need for repeated procedural interventions is important. The use of topical β-adrenergic antagonists has been reported to be effective in regressing cutaneous PG. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a case of chemotherapy-induced subungual PG of the toenail arising in a 62-year-old woman that was successfully treated with topical timolol solution. Conclusion: This case highlights the promising use of timolol solution for therapeutically challenging PGs, such as those of subungual regions. This option may be particularly useful for individuals who are vulnerable to multiple PGs secondary to chemotherapy who wish to avoid repeated procedural interventions.
Psychological Resilience in the Face of Later-Life Spousal Bereavement

This chapter draws on stress and coping perspectives to document the contextual, relational, and personal characteristics associated with psychological resilience following late-life spousal loss. It highlights how social/structural and developmental factors are linked with older bereaved spouses’ high levels of resilience relative to their younger counterparts. The chapter synthesizes research on psychological adaptation to late-life spousal loss, highlighting factors that distinguish those who withstand or bounce back emotionally, relative to those who suffer from intense or sustained distress. Potentially modifiable aspects of the death and structural factors linked to resilience are highlighted in an effort to challenge notions that resilience is a trait-like feature of the individual alone. The chapter concludes by identifying avenues for future research.
In Vitro Synthesis of Apatite Coatings on Titanium Alloy SP-700 to Improve Biocompatibility

Titanium and its alloys are commonly used in the biomedical industry for their superior strength, corrosion resistance, machineability, fatigue resistance, elastic moduli, and biocompatibility; however, endosseous implants struggle with osteointegration due to poor adhesion between the implant and the receiver’s bone. It is known that by synthesizing a bone-like apatite surface coating, integration of the implant with surrounding bone is not only quicker, promoting shorter recovery times, but also reduces interface stress concentrators creating a more robust implant. This study focused on synthesizing an apatite coating via the sodium titanate method on the titanium alloy SP-700 which is a contender to be used as an implant material having a similar elastic modulus to bone. The synthesized coatings, which formed after treatment in simulated body fluid solution were characterized for topography and elemental composition using SEM/EDS analyses. The results of this study show that it is possible to synthesis thin apatite layers on the surface of SP-700 with a topography conducive to improving bone growth onto the surface of the implant.
Beasts of the Field: A Narrative History of California Farmworkers, 1769-1913

Written by one of America's preeminent labor historians, this book is the definitive account of one of the most spectacular, captivating, complex and strangely neglected stories in Western history-the emergence of migratory farmworkers and the development of California agriculture. Street has systematically worked his way through a mountain of archival materials-more than 500 manuscript collections, scattered in 22 states, including Spain and Mexico-to follow the farmworker story from its beginnings on Spanish missions into the second decade of the twentieth century. The result is a comprehensive tour de force. Scene by scene, the epic narrative clarifies and breathes new life into a controversial and instructive saga long surrounded by myth, conjecture, and scholarly neglect. With its panoramic view spanning 144 years and moving from the US-Mexico border to Oregon, Beasts of the Field reveals diverse patterns of life and labor in the fields that varied among different crops, regions, time periods, and racial and ethic groups. Enormous in scope, packed with surprising twists and turns, and devastating in impact, this compelling, revelatory work of American social history will inform generations to come of the history of California and the nation.
A new Phragmipedium (Orchidaceae) from Colombia

A new species from Colombia in Phragmipedium section Micropetalum is described: Phragmipedium manzurii.
Haemocytes control stem cell activity in the Drosophila intestine

Jasper and colleagues report that following intestinal damage in Drosophila, haemocytes recruited to the intestine secrete Dpp, promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and, at later stages of regeneration, the re-establishment of intestinal stem cell quiescence.
History of Neurology in Bangladesh (P1.300)

OBJECTIVE: To trace the history of neurology in Bangladesh from its origins to its present form. BACKGROUND: The history of neurology in modern-day Bangladesh begins in ancient India. Rooted in the connection between spirituality and health, the medical system of Ayurveda surfaced in the Indian subcontinent between 4500 BC and 1600 BC, detailing the basis and treatments of neurological diseases with respect to both the mind and body. In Bengal, prominent Ayurvedic schools, including the Chittagong and Khandarapara institutions focusing on the treatment of "insanity," dominated medical thought until the establishment of Calcutta Medical College in 1835. With the support of the British governor-general of India, Western (allopathic) medicine thus began to supplant Ayurveda as the prevailing system for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical School (now Sir Salimullah Medical College) were subsequently founded in 1854 and 1875, respectively, in the eastern part of undivided Bengal. Since then, 14 more government sponsored and 26 private allopathic medical colleges have been created in present-day Bangladesh. Established in 2000, the Society of Neurologists in Bangladesh was organized with the eventual goal of founding a National Institute of Neurosciences. This mission was realized in 2012 with the opening of the 300-bed National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospital in Dhaka. DESIGN/METHODS: Historical data was collected by searching Pubmed, Banglapedia, textbooks, and the webpages of various Bengali medical institutions. RESULTS: Eighteen medical colleges in Bangladesh have independent neurology departments. Two of these medical colleges offer post-graduate training in neurology. Currently, approximately 60 neurologists practice in Bangladesh. CONCLUSIONS: Neurology in Bangladesh initially developed within the system of Ayurveda and then transitioned to its current allopathic form. At present, Bangladesh has a shortage of neurologists. However, given the establishment of new medical colleges and most recently the National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospital, the future of neurology in Bangladesh seems promising. Disclosure: Dr. Mishra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trikamji has nothing to disclose.
Intrauterine growth retardation: Clinicopathologic findings in 233 consecutive infants

Abstract Clinicopathological perinatal findings in 233 consecutive intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) infants delivered during a one-year period are compared with those of 2,814 normally grown perinates delivered at the same institution during the same time interval. The IGR population constitutes a particularly vulnerable group in which quantitative and qualitative differences in morbidity and mortality are apparent.
The histone code and epigenetic inheritance

The role of histones as active participants in gene regulation has only recently been appreciated. Previously, these proteins, which are assembled into nucleosomes, forming beads around which the DNA is wrapped, were considered to be relatively inert scaffolding for packaging the genetic material. However, the histones' amino-terminal tails extend away from the central core, and are thus available for posttranslational, reversible acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, and ubiquitination. Amino acids in the histone cores may also be modified in a similar way. The enzymes responsible for these modifications are often specific for particular histones and for restricted amino acid residues. The array and combination of these specific attachments to the various histones have been postulated to constitute a code that may entail thousands of histone isoforms and that may make it possible to determine how these proteins will interact with their nearby DNA sequences. Histone modifications interact with DNA methylation to mark genes for silencing or transcription. In conjunction with DNA methylation, the histone code constitutes a heritable epigenetic signature that is faithfully replicated in daughter cells after cell division. The mechanism for transmitting the histone code to subsequent generations of cells remains to be fully elucidated. The study of the histone code is examined through the prism of the regulation of genomic imprinting. By reading the combinatorial and/or sequential histone modifications that constitute the histone code, it may be possible to predict which gene products will be transcribed and thus determine a cell's RNA repertoire and ultimately its proteome, just as reading the DNA code allows us to predict the encoded protein sequence. Keywords: histone; epigenetics; DNA methylation; acetylation; imprinting; silencing; IGF2; IGF2 R; GNAS
Causal Attributions Predict Willingness to Support the Allocation of Funding to Lung Cancer Treatment Programs

Lung cancer patients may experience stigmatization as a result of the link between their disease and smoking, such as lack of public support for funding lung cancer treatment programs. This study examines whether causal attributions for the contraction of lung cancer predict the stigmatization of individuals with the disease by investigating willingness to support the allocation of funds to hypothetical lung cancer treatment programs. Participants were 766 undergraduate students. The findings indicate that participants who made causal attributions preferred to support the allocation of funding to programs that value the lives of breast cancer patients, rather than lung cancer patients. These findings have implications for understanding the influence of causal attributions on the stigmatization of lung cancer.
Impact of surgical innovation on tissue repair in the surgical patient.

Background Throughout history, surgeons have been prolific innovators, which is hardly surprising as most surgeons innovate daily, tailoring their intervention to the intrinsic uniqueness of each operation, each patient and each disease. Innovation can be defined as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs or existing market needs. In the past two decades, surgical innovation has significantly improved patient outcomes, complication rates and length of hospital stay. There is one key area that has great potential to change the face of surgical practice and which is still in its infancy: the realm of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed; peer-reviewed publications were screened for relevance in order to identify key surgical innovations influencing regenerative medicine, with a focus on osseous, cutaneous and soft tissue reconstruction. Results This review describes recent advances in regenerative medicine, documenting key innovations in osseous, cutaneous and soft tissue regeneration that have brought regenerative medicine to the forefront of the surgical imagination. Conclusion Surgical innovation in the emerging field of regenerative medicine has the ability to make a major impact on surgery on a daily basis.
The Equilibrium: Issues of Islamic Education in the United States

Copyright 1998, Religion and Education, Nimat Hafez Barazangi. This is a pre-copyedited version of an editorial accepted for publication in the edited journal Religion and Education following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available through Religion and Education: http://fp.uni.edu/jrae/islamicissuetoc.htm. See also: http://www.eself-learning-arabic.cornell.edu/publications.htm#1
Understanding feature modularity

Features are increments in program functionality. Feature abstraction, the process of abstracting programs into their constituent features, is a relatively common yet informal practice in software design. It is common because it simplifies program understanding. It is also important for software product lines whose essence is the systematic and efficient creation of software products from a shared set of assets or features, where each product exhibits common functionality with other products but also has unique functionalities. Thus, it seems natural to modularize feature abstractions and use such modules as building blocks of programs and product lines. Unfortunately, conventional modularization approaches such as methods, classes and packages are not geared for supporting feature modules. They present two recurrent problems. First, a typical feature implementation is spread over several conventional modules. Second, features are usually more than source code artifacts as they can modularize many different program representations (makefiles, documentation, performance models). An undesirable consequence is that developers must lower their abstractions from features to those provided by the underlying implementation languages, a process that is far from simple let alone amenable to significant automation. The conceptual gap created between feature abstractions and their modularization hinders program understanding and product line development. The root of the problem is the fact that feature modularity is not well understood and thus not well supported in conventional programming languages, modularization mechanisms, and design techniques. In this dissertation, we explore language and modularity support for features founded on an algebraic model geared for program synthesis. Our model integrates ideas from collaboration-based designs, mixin layers, aspect oriented programming, multidimensional separation of concerns, and generative programming. We assess our model with an implementation of a non-trivial product line case study, and evaluate feature support in emerging modularization technologies.
Braided Categorical Quantum Mechanics I

This is the first paper in a series where we generalize the Categorical Quantum Mechanics program (due to Abramsky, Coecke, et al [AC08]) to braided systems. In our view a uniform description of quantum information for braided systems has not yet emerged. The picture is complicated by a diversity of examples that lacks a unifying framework for proving theorems and discovering new protocols. We use category theory to construct a high-level language that
Symptom‐based management of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

The term 'idiopathic interstitial pneumonia' (IIP) encompasses a wide variety of diseases with different and often unexplained pathophysiology as well as diverse natural histories. Unfortunately, many of these diseases are progressive and some are poorly responsive to available therapies. Despite the varied nature of IIPs, patients experience common symptoms related to their chronic lung disease. Dyspnoea, cough, fatigue and depression contribute substantially to morbidity and are often difficult to manage. The psychological stress of having a chronic and often life-limiting disease further complicates symptom control. Effective symptom-management requires a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates patient education and self-management to formulate goals of care and treatment plans. In this context, palliative care is incorporated from the time of diagnosis of an IIP and is not restricted to the end stages of the disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation plays a central role in symptom-management and has beneficial effects across multiple domains. In patients who do not respond to disease-specific treatments and are not candidates for lung transplant, early referral to hospice may improve quality of life for both patients and their families near the end of life.
Sonographic demonstration of duodenal obstruction with midgut volvulus

Duodenal obstruction in midgut volvulus is well known and can be demonstrated either with air in the stomach and duodenum or with a barium upper gastrointestinal series [1, 2]. Recently, there has been a tendency to use sonography in the investigation of upper gastrointestinal obstructions in infants; although primarily it is centered around pyloric stenosis [3-5], other entities are discovered from time to time. In this regard, we recently encountered three patients with midgut volvulus and duodenal obstruction where sonography was the first method to detect the abnormality.