cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social media at the university: a demographic comparison

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine faculty and student responses to questions regarding their use of social media and to determine possible demographic differences.Design/methodology/approach – A web‐based quantitative survey format utilizing multiple choice and matrix type questions was selected for this research.Findings – Both faculty and students are active users of social media. Some distinct demographic differences were found but they did not always match expected results.Research limitations/implications – The nature of a multiple‐choice survey creates some limitations although it also makes it easier to obtain responses from a broad range of individuals. The responses to this survey indicate some interesting demographic results particularly related to gender differences (or lack of) with the students and faculty, as well as the differences between the two groups even when comparing the same ages. Additional research could help to explain these differences.Practical implications – Th...
Automatic clustering based on an information-theoretic approach with application to spectral anomaly detection

An information-theoretic method is described for automatically determining the best number of clusters. It is motivated by Rissanen's minimum description length principle that states the best representation is the one with the fewest bits. The method is evaluated using two different clustering algorithms: a mode finder based on scale-space algorithm, and a vector quantizer (VQ). Synthetic, single- and multi-band image clustering examples are presented. Clusterings produced by the mode finder are shown to better correspond to distinguishable surface categories in the scene than those produced by the VQ algorithm. VQ clusterings are evaluated within an anomaly detector, which detects manmade object/changes as spectral outliers within a set of background clusters. It is shown that the optimal VQ clustering (the one with the fewest bits) produces the best detection performance.
Theoretical studies of triquinacene and diademane

Abstract Ab initio calculations on triquinacene and diademane am reported at the STO-3G and 6–31G* SCF levels. For triquinacene, the geometry, photoionization energies and heat of formation are in good agreement with experiment. The cyclopentene rings of triquinacene appear to be very similar in structure to cyclopentene itself.
Steps Toward More Effective Implementation of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

The goal of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is to improve testing practices, but their impact on practice appears spotty. Self-regulation clearly fails in some instances. The establishment of an external agency to oversee testing practices and adherence to the Standards would face substantial hurdles, and the ambiguity of many of the Standards would hobble such an organization if one were created. Many of the Standards are general statements of principle, and past controversies make clear that we in the field often disagree about the reasons for them, their applicability to specific cases, and their practical meaning in specific contexts. This paper argues that the field should follow two approaches to lessen this ambiguity. First, using journals, conferences, and other vehicles, we should foster more frequent and more protracted debate about the practical meaning of key Standards, such as 13.6 and 13.7, which mandate that a decision that will have a “major impact” on a student should not be based on a single score. Second, future revisions of the Standards should use concrete examples of testing practices to clarify the meaning of the Standards, much as the legal system uses case law to clarify the meaning of the general principles embodied in statutes.
Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm: predictions from the laboratory and effects in the field.

Abstract Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide an effective management tool for many key insect pests. However, pest species have repeatedly demonstrated their ability to adapt to management practices. Results from laboratory selection experiments illustrate the capacity of pest species to evolve Bt resistance. Furthermore, resistance has been documented to Bt sprays in the field and greenhouse, and more recently, by some pests to Bt crops in the field. In 2009, fields were discovered in Iowa (USA) with populations of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, that had evolved resistance to maize that produces the Bt toxin Cry3Bb1. Fields with resistant insects in 2009 had been planted to Cry3Bb1 maize for at least three consecutive years and as many as 6 years. Computer simulation models predicted that the western corn rootworm might evolve resistance to Bt maize in as few as 3 years. Laboratory and field data for interactions between western corn rootworm and Bt maize indicate that currently commercialized products are not high-dose events, which increases the risk of resistance evolution because non-recessive resistance traits may enhance survival on Bt maize. Furthermore, genetic analysis of laboratory strains of western corn rootworm has found non-recessive inheritance of resistance. Field studies conducted in two fields identified as harboring Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm found that survival of western corn rootworm did not differ between Cry3Bb1 maize and non-Bt maize and that root injury to Cry3Bb1 maize was higher than injury to other types of Bt maize or to maize roots protected with a soil insecticide. These first cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm provide an early warning and point to the need to apply better integrated pest management practices when using Bt maize to manage western corn rootworm.
A Computational Model for the Formation of Turbulent Liquid Sprays

The motions of deformable liquid droplets in a turbulent spray are simulated numerically using a three-dimensional joint, one-way coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian simulation technique. The instantaneous fluid velocity and velocity gradient of the continuous phase is simulated with the use of an advanced Navier-Stokes based Lagrangian PDF (probability density function) stochastic model. This model is used to simulate the turbulent structures known to exist within the shear layers of a plane and axisymmetric jet. The mean fluid velocity field is obtained with the use of the FLUENT computer code, using the Reynolds stress transport turbulence model. The dilute phase is modeled as a series of continuously injected spheres, with no particle-particle interactions. Forces on the particles include nonlinear Stokes drag and Saffman lift. Multiple particle trajectories are then numerically evaluated by integrating the equations of motion using the computed fluid velocity field as input. Ensembles of particle trajectories are generated for a point and line source emanating near the inlet to the spray chamber. Test cases for an axisymmetric jet are considered. Results show agreement in the instantaneous flow field for all lower statistical moments. For a turbulent spray consisting of nonevaporating spherical droplets, good qualitative agreement is seen in the overall dispersion of droplets as well as the corresponding spray angle.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The deflection and compensation of general purpose robot arms

Abstract A robot arm's deflection due to gravity and inertia can be computed using a straightforward model. This deflection can be compensated for by using a novel first-order compensation analysis, which can be integrated with established iterative methods for determining joint motion. These features will be demonstrated working within the GRASP Program.
A new treatment for the projection operator in nuclear G-matrix equation

Abstract A new solution for the nuclear G -matrix is derived. In this solution, the projection-operator dependent part of the G -matrix is separated out as an additive term and can be evaluated conveniently without solving any coupled integral equations. The combination of this solution with the momentum-space matrix inversion method provides a very simple and promising method for the calculation of the nuclear G -matrix.
Special issue: Update on the nature and treatment of obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.

iii Melinda Stanley, Ph.D. is Professor and Head, Division of Psychology, The McIngvale Family Chair in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Research, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, and Houston Center for Quality of Care & Utilization Studies, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX. Throstur Bjorgvinsson, Ph.D., is Program Director, Houston OCD Program, Houston, TX, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA. B. Christopher Frueh, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology and Chair, Social Sciences Division, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, and McNair Scholar and Director, Clinical Research, The Menninger Clinic, Houston TX. Stanley, Bjorgvinsson, and Frueh Introduction to special issue
Emerging Risks of Violence in the Digital Age: Lessons for Educators from an Online Study of Adolescent Girls in the United States.

Abstract This research focuses on the evolving area of cyberviolence and draws on a pioneering study to discuss benefits and risks of online interaction among adolescent girls. This new area of inquiry introduces educators to the social and cultural communities of the Internet, a virtual venue with unique perspectives on power, identity, and gender for children and youth. This research focuses on the evolving area of cyberviolence and draws on a pioneering study to discuss benefits and risks of online interaction among adolescent girls. This new area of inquiry introduces educators to the social and cultural communities of the Internet, a virtual venue with unique perspectives on power, identity, and gender for children and youth.
Surface characterization of alkali-treated coals

The surface interactions of alkali with coal and mineral matter have been studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) to establish a basis for predicting the relative reactivity of alkali with sulphur during coal beneficiation processes. The speciation of sulphur in coals doped with various alkali salts was determined and quantified after heating the mixtures to 648 K in air or N2, then washing with water. Organic and pyritic sulphur on the surface react with alkali when heated, and the sulphide or oxidized sulphur product can then be washed from the coal. The extent of reaction between the alkali salt and surface sulphur is governed by the size of the cation and the electronic properties of the anion; larger alkali cations are more effective in promoting the reactivity of surface sulphur, as are anions with stronger nucleophilic properties.
Chebyshev approximation algorithm for linear inequalities and its applications to pattern classification

A Chebyshev approximation algorithm for solving the linear system of inequalities Ca<0 is presented. This algorithm is analogous to that of Ho and Kashyap except that the residual vector is minimized in the Chebyshev norm rather than the euclidean norm. In this algorithm no conditions are imposed on the coefficient matrix. Parametric linear programming techniques may be used with the Chebyshev approximation algorithm. This results in substantial gain in speed to the method. The algorithm converges in a finite number of steps for feasible solutions. It converges faster than that of Ho and Kashyap. Applications to pattern classification problems are presented and a numerical example is given
Downregulation of the β4 integrin subunit in prostatic carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Abstract Integrins are adhesion receptors thought to be important in the process of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Unlike other integrins, which attach a cell to extracellular matrix molecules, the α 6 β 4 integrin participates in the formation of hemidesmosomes, attaching epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Investigations of the α 6 β 4 integrin in human prostatic carcinoma have yielded conflicting results and have been primarily qualitative rather than quantitative. Expression of the β 4 integrin subunit was determined using rat monoclonal antibody 439-9B and image analysis in regions of benign prostatic epithelium (BPE), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostatic carcinoma (CaP) in 38 patients treated by radical prostatectomy for clinically localized CaP. The β 4 integrin subunit was significantly downregulated in CaP compared with BPE; PIN stained intermediate in intensity between BPE and CaP. Thirty-four of 35 patients showed downregulation of the β 4 integrin subunit, and all 15 patients with PIN had downregulation of β 4 in PIN as compared with BPE. Degree of downregulation of the β 4 integrin subunit did not add prognostic significance to the information present at initial biopsy (age, clinical stage, clinical grade, and serum prostate-specific antigen level). There was no correlation between intensity of staining of CaP, absolute change in staining, or percent loss of β 4 integrin subunit staining with age, pathological stage, or Gleason's score. Downregulation of the β 4 integrin in CaP and PIN compared with BPE maybe correlated with neoplastic transformation of the prostate and loss of hemidesmosomes or basal epithelial cells.
Who Lives, Who Dies

For centuries, soldiers and physicians have pondered the apparent random nature of life and death in battle. Does fate alone dictate who lives and who dies? Step to the left, and you survive the mo...
Intrinsic Stability of Individual α Helices Modulates Structure and Stability of the Apomyoglobulin Molten Globule Form

Abstract During acid-induced unfolding of apomyoglobin, a partly folded form is observed at pH values of around four. In this form, the A, G and H helices are folded, while the rest of the molecule, including the B helix, demonstrates little structure. The partly folded form has been described as a molten globule form. To determine the factors that govern the structure and stability of this form, we introduced two helix-stabilizing mutations into the B helix, and tested their effect on the structure and stability of both the native form and the molten globule form. We show that the two Gly→Ala replacements in the B helix produce altered flluorescence and CD properties of the partly folded intermediate, a result which implies that the B helix has become part of the structured region of the molten globule form. The helix content of a model peptide containing the sequence of the B helix is increased by the G→A replacements, as is the helix content of the molten globule intermediate, whereas the stability and the helix content of the native protein are not altered. The observed increase in helicity is larger in the folding intermediate than in the model peptide, suggesting that nonspecific interactions, such as the hydrophobic interactions exhibited by the entire polypeptide chain, amplify the effect of intrinsic helix stability. The overall results suggest that the intrinsic stability of each individual helix is a factor in deciding whether or not that helix becomes part of the structured molten globule.
An experimental investigation of deformation and fatigue behavior of coach peel riveted joints

Abstract Monotonic and fatigue strengths of coach peel pop rivet (CPPR) and coach peel self-piercing rivet (CPSPR) joined specimens of aluminum alloy with different plate thickness combinations were investigated. The CPSPR specimens also had epoxy bond as a part of the joint. Fatigue tests were performed in load-control and with load ratio, R=Pmin/Pmax, ranging between 0.1 and 0.75. It was observed that plate thickness combination has a significant effect on the ultimate monotonic strength of CPPR joints, but is not the only factor that affects the ultimate strength of CPSPR joints. The ultimate strengths of the CPSPR joints are lower than those of the CPPR joints with the same thickness combinations, and their failure locations depend on the thickness combinations of the joined plates under monotonic loading. However, the overall fatigue performance of the CPSPR joints is better than that of the CPPR specimens with the same thickness combinations. Fatigue crack formation locations and growth paths depend on plate thickness combinations, applied load level, and load ratio for both CPPR and CPSPR joints.
Communicating Under Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act Amendments

Regulations under Section 112(r) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require fixed facilities having threshold quantities of materials on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of regulated substances to disclose to the general public the expected offsite consequences of worst-case accidental chemical releases. This paper describes the communication practices of small firms in Delaware and New Jersey and the practical problems these facilities might encounter complying with the proposed rule. The paper reports an interesting difference between the apprehension voiced by small firms required to report worst-case release information and the public's apparent lack of interest in such information. Unlike the difficulty expected by small firms in calculating and communicating worst-case chemical release information, this paper includes some observations on the ability of large chemical firms to comply with the proposed requirements.
New Approach to the Fusion Method for Preparing Granular Effervescent Products

General methods for the preparation of effervescent granules are discussed briefly and a new adaptation of an old procedure is presented. The use of a special mixer in simplifying the initial blending, heating, and screening steps of granulations made by the fusion method is described. No external heat source is required, nor are liquids in any form used to accomplish the granulating. The instrumentation, basic formulation data, the method for monitoring the fusion process in the mixer, and the advantages of the new procedure are reported. Process data for granulation batch sizes of 60 and 300 kg. are given.
SU-FF-T-89: The Effect of Breast Motion On Dose Distribution in Tangential IMRT with Direct Aperture Optimization

Purpose: Inverse planning for breast IMRT can be accomplished with Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO) where the user defines the traditional tangential fields within which the shapes and weights of multiple segments, including an open segment as ‘flash’, are optimized. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technique and examine the effects of relative weights of the open segments to other segments on the impact of breathing motion. Method and Materials:IMRT plans were generated using DAO inverse planning with manually fixed relative weights of the open segments. To simulate breathing motion, the same set of optimized segments was reapplied with the isocenter shifted up and down by up to 1cm and the resulting dose distributions were added. The quality of both the static plans and the composite plans were compared among different open segment weights. Results: Five cases with varying breast sizes were examined. For the static plans, we found that uniform dose distributions could be generated with relative weights of the open segments in the range of 45–85%. Unacceptable hot spots were produced when the weights of the open segments were larger than 85%. For composite plans simulating breathing motion, the most uniform dose distribution happens when the open segment weights were in the range of 75–85%, below which the dose uniformity degrades. We observed that in the composite plans, for each 1% decrease in the open segment weighting, the volume covered by the 98% dose decreased by approximately 0.06%, independent of breast size. Conclusion: DAO provides a robust and efficient technique for breast IMRT planning. The proper open segment weight was found to be between 75% and 85%, and is not significantly dependent of breast size and laterality. Within this range, high‐quality IMRT plans were produced for each case.
Intelligent Transportation Systems: What Do Publications and Patents Tell Us?

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have attracted much attention and have seen rapid growth since their first mention in the 1980s. As substantial efforts by both the public and private sectors have gone into the ITS field, tracking its progress and evaluating its development have become essential to transportation researchers, investors, and policy-makers. To this end, we first developed a comprehensive database of ITS publications and patents. Then we used time series analysis and content analysis on ITS-related publication and patent documents to understand general trends in ITS, the impact of federal ITS programs, the development of ITS across individual subfields, and clustering of ITS technologies. The results provide insights into academic research, commercially motivated innovation activities, and the status of ITS-related technologies.
Regulating myocardial blood flow in health and disease.

Regulating myocardial blood flow in health and disease is a complex, multifaceted process. The objective of this article is to outline for the practicing clinician a basic set of principles necessary for understanding important control mechanisms operative under normal physiologic conditions and in selected common disease states. Classical and newer insights into the process of myocardial blood flow regulation are reviewed. An improved understanding of these control mechanisms will enhance the clinician’s ability to diagnose and treat abnormalities of the coronary circulation associated with such common clinical conditions as ischemic heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and congestive heart failure.
Mass transfer and electrochemical kinetic interactions in localized pitting corrosion

Simulated pitting corrosion of stainless steel under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions is interpreted in terms of a one-dimensional, transient diffusion model to decouple the mass transfer and electrochemical kinetic effects. The effects of concentration and viscosity on the diffusivity and the effects of electromigration are included in the analysis.
CO-AXIAL MULTICUSP SOURCE FOR LOW AXIAL ENERGY SPREAD ION BEAM PRODUCTION

Abstract A co-axial multicusp ion source has been designed and tested. This source uses a new magnetic filter configuration. This magnetic filter is efficient in modifying the plasma potential distribution which can reduce the axial energy spread of the extracted ion beam. Energy spreads as low as 0.6 eV have been obtained. The electron temperature in this source has also been found to be about 0.1 eV. Furthermore, the new source configuration is capable of adjusting the radial plasma potential distribution which can improve the transverse ion energy, which results in a low beam emittance. The co-axial source can be used for a number of different applications such as ion projection lithography and radioactive ion beam projets.
Optical and electronic reduction of Rayleigh backscatter noise in fibre-coupled semiconductor diode lasers

Optical and electronic feedback techniques have been implemented to reduce the noise induced by Rayleigh backscatter in a semiconductor laser endfire-coupled to an optical fibre. An intensity noise reduction of 12 dB and a frequency noise reduction of 30 dB were observed.
Neuroglialpharmacology: Myelination as a shared mechanism of action of psychotropic treatments

Current psychiatric diagnostic schema segregate symptom clusters into discrete entities, however, large proportions of patients suffer from comorbid conditions that fit neither diagnostic nor therapeutic schema. Similarly, psychotropic treatments ranging from lithium and antipsychotics to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been shown to be efficacious in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders ranging from autism, schizophrenia (SZ), depression, and bipolar disorder (BD) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This apparent lack of specificity suggests that psychiatric symptoms as well as treatments may share aspects of pathophysiology and mechanisms of action that defy current symptom-based diagnostic and neuron-based therapeutic schema. A myelin-centered model of human brain function can help integrate these incongruities and provide novel insights into disease etiologies and treatment mechanisms. Available data are integrated herein to suggest that widely used psychotropic treatments ranging from antipsychotics and antidepressants to lithium and electroconvulsive therapy share complex signaling pathways such as Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) that affect myelination, its plasticity, and repair. These signaling pathways respond to neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, hormones, and nutrition, underlie intricate neuroglial communications, and may substantially contribute to the mechanisms of action and wide spectra of efficacy of current therapeutics by promoting myelination. Imaging and genetic technologies make it possible to safely and non-invasively test these hypotheses directly in humans and can help guide clinical trial efforts designed to correct myelination abnormalities. Such efforts may provide insights into novel avenues for treatment and prevention of some of the most prevalent and devastating human diseases.
An Initial Exploration of a Lacunarity-Based Segregation Measure

It has been recognized that urban residential segregation is a scale-dependent phenomenon, and yet all existing structural or spatial indices measure only certain dimensions of segregation at one single scale. Inspired by new metrics developed by landscape ecologists to measure landscape heterogeneity, in this paper we explore the feasiblity of a multiscale, lacunarity-based segregation measure. We also develop a straightforward GIS-based procedure to calculate this new measure. Our initial simulation results show that lacunarity is an effective measure that can capture multiple dimensions of segregation patterns at multiple scales.
First tests of a truncated icosahedral gravitational wave antenna.

We constructed a prototype of a spherical gravitational wave antenna in the shape of a truncated icosahedron. We used it to test several aspects of the practicality of a spherical multimode antenna. We successfully tested a first-order direction finding algorithm, which uses fixed linear combinations of six motion sensor responses to infer the relative amplitudes of the quadrupole modes and then the location of a test impulse. This method is immediately applicable to the determination of the direction of a gravitation wave.
Conservation as a Protonorm for Moral Communication

The scale and severity of the alterations to global ecologies should not simply be noted or acknowledged by communication scholars but rather should drive communication ethicists to carefully examine the values and communication practices that have enabled and promoted this kind of unchecked growth. At minimum, I argue, we ought to carefully examine this social trajectory to determine whether more growth at the current rate of speed should continue to be a goal of modern society and at what costs. Specifically, as scholars of moral communication we should feel concerned with whether a moral transgression is associated with this type of rapid growth.
Phagosome-lysosome fusion. Characterization of intracellular membrane fusion in mouse macrophages

Several approaches have been used to study the determinants of phagosome-lysosome fusion in intact mouse macrophages. Lysosomes were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye acridine orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast-containing phagosomes was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Fusion was also assayed by electron microscopy, using horseradish peroxidase or thorium dioxide as a marker for secondary lysosomes. Good agreemen samples with an enzymatic marker, and thorium dioxide-labeled samples evaluated by stereology. The rate of usion as assayed by fluorescence was not affected by the number of particles ingested, serum concentration, or prior uptake of digestible or nondigestible substances. With this assay it was possible to observe the rate of fusion separate from and uninfluenced by the phagocytic rate. Both the rate and extent of fusion were dramatically increased after several days in culture and similar changes were found by use of the EM assays. Fusion was strongly affected by incubation temperature, having a Q10 of 2.5 No detectable fusion occurred below 15 degrees C, and this inhibition was rapidly reversed when cells were returned to 37 degrees C.
Diagnostic value of transesophageal compared with transthoracic echocardiography in infective endocarditis

Abstract To compare the diagnostic value of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in Infective endocarditis, paired transesophageal and transthorecic echocardiograms were obtained prospectively for 66 episodes of suspected endocarditis in 62 patients. Echocardiographic results were compared with the presence or absence of endocarditis determined by pathologic or nonechocardiograpric data from the subsequent clinical course. All echocardiograms were interpreted by an observer told only that the studies were from patients in whom the diagnosis of endocarditis was suspected. The diagnotis of endocarditis was eventually made in 16 of ihe 66 episodes of suspecrted endocarditis (14 by pathologic and 2 by clinical criteria). In 7 of 16 transthoracic and 15 of 16 transesophageal echeocardiograms, endocarditis was diagnosed at a probability level of “almost certain,” giving a sensitivity of 44% and 94%, respectively (p This study suggests that transesophageal echocardiography is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and significantly more sensitive than transthoracic echocardiography. Although echocardiography camot rule out endocarditis, the high diagnostic sensitivity of transesophageal echocardiography results in a low probability of the disease when the studt yields negative results in a patient with an intermediate likelihood of the disease.
Does Tenure Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Expansion in the Mosquitia Forest Corridor

This article compares how public protection of forests and common-property forest institutions serve to control outside encroachment into frontier forests in Honduras and Nicaragua. The article combines institutional analysis with ethnographically based fieldwork and analysis of land-cover images to evaluate how property-rights arrangements influence monitoring, enforcement, and compliance with rules to restrict agricultural expansion in two biosphere reserves in the Mosquitia Corridor. Findings show that territorial demarcation and common-property rights are important components for frontier forest conservation. In areas with weak enforcement mechanisms and heavy reliance on social norms over official regulatory measures, the findings suggest that the perceived legitimacy of tenure arrangements and their respective land-use rules are fundamental to controlling the agricultural frontier.
Sobre la lectura

No todos los bibliotecarios leen. Somos: especialistas en la organizacion de la informacion, en la preservacion y manipulacion de datos numericos, en la curacion de mapas geoespaciales, en el tratamiento de papel acido, o en la estabilizacion de los bytes que constituyen los recursos digitales. Somos pedagogas: ensenamos metodos de investigacion y busqueda a los estudiantes o al publico. Trabajamos con libros pero no los tenemos que leer, no nos tienen que gustar
Theory of modulation transfer function artifacts due to mid-spatial-frequency errors and its application to optical tolerancing

Aspheric and free-form surfaces are powerful surface forms that allow designers to achieve better performance with fewer lenses and smaller packages. Unlike spheres, these surfaces are fabricated with processes that leave a signature, or “structure,” that is primarily in the mid-spatial-frequency region. These structured surface errors create ripples in the modulation transfer function (MTF) profile. Using Fourier techniques with generalized functions, the drop in MTF is derived and shown to exhibit a nonlinear relationship with the peak-to-valley height of the structured surface error.
Pressure, volume, density relationships in the plasma sheet

The entropy parameter Pn � 5/3 was found to be relatively uniform throughout the region studied. The energy parameter TV 2/3 decreased by 40% for ions and 10% for electrons near midnight between � 29.5 and � 11.5 RE. These energy parameter changes suggest that the most energetic ions and electrons are either being deenergized or preferentially lost, processes that may be associated with gradient and curvature drifts through the sides of the convecting flux tubes or by wave instabilities and a parallel heat flux. INDEX TERMS: 2764 Magnetospheric Physics: Plasma sheet; 2744 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetotail; 2760 Magnetospheric Physics: Plasma convection; 2740 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; KEYWORDS: plasma sheet, magnetotail, pressure balance inconsistency, 3-D models
Forward electromagnetic scattering models for sea ice

Recent advances in forward modeling of the electromagnetic scattering properties of sea ice are presented. In particular, the principal results include the following: (1) approximate calculations of electromagnetic scattering from multilayer random media with rough interfaces, based on the distorted Born approximation and radiative transfer (RT) theory; (2) comprehensive theory of the effective complex permittivity of sea ice based on rigorous bounds in the quasi-static case and strong fluctuation theory in the weakly scattering regime; (3) rigorous analysis of the Helmholtz equation and its solutions for idealized sea ice models, which has led in the one dimensional (1D) case to nonlinear generalizations of classical theorems in Fourier analysis. The forward models considered incorporate many detailed features of the sea ice system and compare well with experimental data. The results have advanced the general theory of scattering of electromagnetic waves from complex media as well as homogenization theory, which relates bulk properties of composite media to their microstructural characteristics. Furthermore, the results have direct application to microwave remote sensing and serve as the basis for inverse algorithms for reconstructing the physical properties of sea ice from scattering data.
Contributions to a social conditioning model of cocaine recovery

This article describes recent developments in a theory of recovery from drug addiction and in the adaptation of Recovery Training and Self Help (RTSH) to cocaine addiction. RTSH is an example of a new element of treatment known as "relapse prevention" (RP), which is an application of the discovery that addiction follows the laws of operant conditioning. We learned, however, that to understand and to treat cocaine addiction, we had to expand upon the conditioning paradigm to include a sociological analysis of the deviant lifestyle from which cocaine addiction stems. The theory presented here postulates three stages of recovery from cocaine addiction. Cocaine addicts can recover as outpatients by (1) initially building "walls" against drug triggers and supplies, (2) extinguishing addiction in the protective community of recovering persons, and (3) gradually lowering the walls and expanding beyond the recovering community to function more fully in conventional society. We have developed an outpatient group treatment system based on this recovery model. The Cocaine Recovery System includes a month-long cessation program, followed by a six-month recovery program, and active participation in the recovering community. A professional and a recovering person colead both the cessation and recovery programs, which feature Recovery Training sessions designed to help cocaine addicts achieve treatment goals and avoid or cope with threats to recovery. Clients in the recovery program also meet weekly for a support session, a weekend recreational activity, and individual counseling. The program also encourages group members to attend 12-step fellowship meetings. Clients achieve difficult lifestyle changes by taking a series of "commitment steps," which increasingly engage the clients in a recovering lifestyle and make relapse more difficult.
Jamming and wedging in constrained rigid-body dynamics

It is well known that the introduction of Coulomb friction in rigid-body dynamics can lead to problems of existence and uniqueness in the forward equations. In this paper, it is shown that these problems relate to jamming and wedging. Separate conditions for jamming and wedging are provided in the three common formulations of constrained systems. These conditions are illustrated with examples. >
Neural network based estimation of feedback signals for a vector controlled induction motor drive

Neural networks are showing promise for application in power electronics and motion control systems. So far, they have been applied for a few cases, mainly in the control of converters and drives, but their application in estimation is practically new. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that such a technology can be applied for estimation of feedback signals in an induction motor drive with some distinct advantages when compared to DSP based implementation. A feedforward neural network receives the machine terminal signals at the input and calculates flux, torque, and unit vectors (cos /spl theta//sub e/ and sin /spl theta//sub e/) at the output which are then used in the control of a direct vector-controlled drive system. The three-layer network has been trained extensively by Neural Works Professional II/Plus program to emulate the DSP-based computational characteristics. The performance of the estimator is good and is comparable to that of DSP-based estimation. The system has been operated in the wide torque and speed regions independently with a DSP-based estimator and a neural network-based estimator, and are shown to have comparable performance. The neural network estimator has the advantages of faster execution speed, harmonic ripple immunity, and fault tolerance characteristics compared to DSP-based estimator. >
Allocation of freeway ramp metering volumes to optimize corridor performance

A simple macroscopic freeway traffic corridor model is formulated for the purpose of developing optimal allocations of freeway on-ramp metering volumes. The model represents a freeway and a single parallel "equivalent surface street," both unidirectional, which are interconnected by freeway on-ramps. Since a choice of routes is included in the problem formulation, the fairly standard methodology of "traffic assignment" is employed to predict how drivers will react to the on-ramp metering. An explicit traffic assignment algorithm which includes ramp queueing is developed. Both the corridor and traffic assignment models are restricted to stationary traffic patterns. Two specific corridor performance criteria, freeway travel rate and total travel-time rate, are formulated in terms of the model variables. Then the problem of choosing ramp metering volumes to optimize a performance criterion is posed. A computationally efficient suboptimal dynamic programming scheme is developed and illustrated by an example.
PRICE: software for the targeted assembly of components of (Meta) genomic sequence data.

Low-cost DNA sequencing technologies have expanded the role for direct nucleic acid sequencing in the analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, and the metagenomes of whole ecosystems. Human and machine comprehension of such large datasets can be simplified via synthesis of sequence fragments into long, contiguous blocks of sequence (contigs), but most of the progress in the field of assembly has focused on genomes in isolation rather than metagenomes. Here, we present software for paired-read iterative contig extension (PRICE), a strategy for focused assembly of particular nucleic acid species using complex metagenomic data as input. We describe the assembly strategy implemented by PRICE and provide examples of its application to the sequence of particular genes, transcripts, and virus genomes from complex multicomponent datasets, including an assembly of the BCBL-1 strain of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. PRICE is open-source and available for free download (derisilab.ucsf.edu/software/price/ or sourceforge.net/projects/pricedenovo/).
The learning environment in clicker classrooms: student processes of learning and involvement in large university‐level courses using student response systems

To explore what social and educational infrastructure is needed to support classroom use of student response systems (Roschelle et al., 2004), this study investigated the ways in which student characteristics and course design choices were related to students’ assessments of the contribution of clicker use to their learning and involvement in the classroom. Survey responses of over 1500 undergraduates enrolled in seven large enrollment ‘clicker courses’ offered by three university departments are analyzed. A number of factors contribute to students’ positive perception of clickers: a desire to be involved and engaged, a view that traditional lecture styles are not best, valuing of feedback, class standing, previous experience with lecture courses, anticipated course performance, and amount of clicker use in the classroom. These results underscore the importance of considering social and communication elements of the classroom when adopting student response technology.
A Therapeutic Fast for Lymphoma Resulting in Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Abstract Background Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurological emergency caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. The syndrome is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality, and prompt recognition and treatment of the syndrome in the emergency department (ED) is essential to improving patient outcomes. Numerous factors and clinical settings have been identified that predispose a patient to thiamine deficiency and subsequent Wernicke encephalopathy. Case Report We present the rare case of a 42-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma who opted against chemotherapy in favor of a 60-day therapeutic water-only fast. On day 53 of his fast, the patient arrived to our ED in a coma and respiratory failure. Moments after the administration of thiamine, the patient's mental status and respiratory status improved significantly. Prior to admission and transport to the medical intensive care unit, the patient was awake, alert, and following basic commands. He was ultimately diagnosed with Wernicke encephalopathy. Why Should An Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? With the increasing incidence of patients choosing alternative medical therapies to treat a variety of diseases, numerous electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional disorders are becoming increasingly more common in the ED setting. In some cases, patients may choose a therapeutic fast in an effort to combat a malignancy; the danger being that patients with cancers such as lymphoma are already at risk for thiamine deficiency as a result of the increased thiamine consumption associated with rapid cellular turnover. Wernicke encephalopathy is a life-threatening neurological emergency, and the emergency physician must be aware of the numerous predisposing factors to the condition, as early identification and treatment improves patient outcomes.
The NIDRR Burn Injury Rehabilitation Model System Program: Selected Findings

Abstract Patterson DR. The NIDRR burn injury rehabilitation model system program: selected findings. The quality of burn care has improved over the past few decades, and consequently many more survivors with large-area burn injuries have long-term rehabilitation needs. The National Institute on Disability Rehabilitation Research recognized that the rehabilitation of people with burn injuries has been underaddressed and established model systems of care for this population in 1994. This special supplement to the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation reports on some of the research that has been generated by the Burn Rehabilitation Model Systems over the past 13 years.
A Review of: “Thomas S. Frentz, Trickster in Tweed: My Quest for Quality in Faculty Life Leah Vande Berg and Nick C. Trujillo, Cancer and Death: A Love Story in Two Voices”

The article reviews two books including "Trickster in Tweed: My Quest for Quality in Faculty Life," by Thomas S. Frentz and "Cancer and Death: A Love Story in Two Voices," by Leah Vande Berg and Nick C. Trujillo.
Influence of Perceptions of Current and Future Community on Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth

Outmigration of youth has concerned rural communities and researchers for several decades. Yet not all communities experience extensive youth outmigration and some youth want to stay in their rural communities as adults. This article examines youth satisfaction with their current community and the importance of characteristics of the community in which they would like to live as an adult for youth preferences to leave or stay in their rural community. The data are for rural ninth-grade youth in Pennsylvania from the Rural Youth Education Project. The results suggest that perceptions of available jobs and educational opportunities in both current and future community, parental and friend influences, and the quality of the natural environment and outdoor recreation are important in determining residential aspirations. In particular, identifying a clean natural environment and outdoor recreation as important in the adult community increases the likelihood that rural youth have residential aspirations to stay in their rural community. This research adds to our knowledge about factors important in determining youth residential aspirations by identifying attributes of community beyond jobs and educational opportunities that youth find attractive as they consider places to live as adults.
Noncoherent demodulation for cooperative diversity in wireless systems

This work develops a general framework for maximum likelihood (ML) demodulation in cooperative wireless systems with a demodulate-and-forward (DF) protocol at the relays. Although this general structure admits both coherent and noncoherent modulation, we analyze the performance of this demodulator mainly for noncoherent demodulation and compare it to existing results for coherent demodulation. The ML demodulator consists of a band of square-law devices followed by a nonlinear combiner. We develop an accurate approximation for this demodulator using a band of square-law devices followed by a piecewise-linear (PL) combiner. This approximation not only has certain implementation advantages, but also leads to a tight closed form approximation for the bit error rate (BER) of the ML demodulator. Based on this closed-form result, we derive a high signal-noise-ratio (SNR) approximation, that provides a simpler but tight approximation of the BER of the ML demodulator.
The Nouvelle Théologie and the Patristic Revival: Sources, Symbols and the Science of Theology

: A historical survey of the various controversies between thinkers associated with the nouvelle theologie and the Roman Catholic hierarchy suggests that three matters were particularly at stake. First was an ecclesiology, whether the church was to be understood primarily as a historically-continuing structure of authority and obedience, or in more sacramental and spiritual ways. Second, the nature of theological language was at stake: is theology merely a set of logical deductions from divinely revealed, but universally accessible, propositions, or is faith and commitment necessary to any serious grasp of the import of theological claims? Finally, and undergirding these two issues, is a disagreement about the reception of the biblical witness, and so the recovery within the nouvelle theologie of patristic and medieval modes of figurative, typological or spiritual exegesis can be seen to be central to the movement.