cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muskox management controversies in North America

Abstract Proposals to permit limited sport-hunting of Muskoxen in Canada and Alaska have aroused considerable controversy. The introduced Muskox population on Nunivak Island, Alaska, steadily increased in size until 1968. It now numbers about 550. Changes in size and composition of the population have been documented in detail. Differential mortality rates and removals of animals for introductions elsewhere have created a preponderance of males in the adult population. Winter range is restricted on the Island, and deterioration of the range has become evident. A closely-supervised permit hunt removing about 40 bulls per year is believed to be biologically and legally the most feasible solution to the threat of over-population and the unbalanced sex-ratio. In Canada, trophy hunting on a limited scale has been proposed for the Resolute and Grise Fiord areas in the Queen Elizabeth Islands. At present, only limited sustenance hunting by Eskimos at Grise Fiord is permitted. Marked but unexplained fluctuations in Muskox populations have occurred on several islands in the Arctic Archipelago. A general lack of long-term information on Muskox population dynamics, and factors influencing recruitment and mortality, suggests that it would be well to postpone sport-hunting in these Canadian areas pending more intensive study.
Heat Transfer Enhancement—The Encouragement and Accommodation of High Heat Fluxes

This review considers the many techniques that have been developed to enhance convective heat transfer. After introducing the techniques, the applications to most of the modes of heat transfer (single-phase forced convection, including compound techniques, pool boiling, convective boiling/evaporation, vapor-space condensation, and convective condensation) are described. Comments are offered regarding commercial introduction of this technology and the generations of heat transfer technology : advanced enhancement represents third-generation heat transfer tehnology.
Multiplexed MS/MS in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.

A multiplexing method for performing MS/MS on multiple peptide ions simultaneously in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) has been developed. This method takes advantage of the inherent mass bias associated with ion accumulation in the QITMS to encode the intensity of precursor ions in a way that allows the corresponding product ions to be identified. The intensity encoding scheme utilizes the Gaussian distributions that characterize the relationship between ion intensities and rf trapping voltages during ion accumulation. This straightforward approach uses only two arbitrary waveforms, one for isolation and one for dissociation, to gather product ion spectra from N precursor ions in as little as two product ion spectra. In the example used to illustrate this method, 66% of the product ions from five different precursor peptide ions were correctly correlated using the multiplexing approach. Of the remaining 34% of the product ions, only 6% were misidentified, while 28% of the product ions fail...
Problems of secondary education in rural Iran: An anthropological view∗

Abstract Statistics on implementing secondary education in rural Iran indicate that such a process has not been successful. Data gathered by the author during 1974/75 fieldwork support such a conclusion. It is suggested that lack of success of secondary education in rural Iran may be attributed to some cultural and economic factors which vary for men and women. The importance of the modesty code and observation of purdah (seclusioņ) may account for the low enrollment of females in secondary education in rural areas. However, the need for agricultural laborers in the villages may account for the low attendance of males. Background to the development of modern education is presented .
The Internal Escape Channel: A Solution to Incomplete Seating of Full Cast Crowns

A modified axial groove, used as a cement escape channel, may enhance the seating of full cast crowns.
Identification of an Active Sequence within the First Immunoglobulin Domain of Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) That Interacts with Fibrinogen

Abstract Monocytic cells bind fibrinogen (fg) through integrin αMβ2. fg-bound monocytic cells demonstrate an enhanced adhesion to endothelial cells, which is dependent on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Our studies differentiate fg interactions with stimulated and resting endothelial cells, which are ICAM-1 dependent and independent, respectively. This report documents a direct interaction between fg and intact ICAM-1 and with a two-Ig domain form of ICAM-1. A small region within the first Ig domain of ICAM-1, ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) (KVILPRGGSVLVTC), was identified to interact with fg in a specific and selective manner. ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) bound to plasmin-derived fg fragments X, D100, and D80 but not to fragment E. Consistent with this finding, fg γ-chain peptide, fg-γ-117-133, blocked fg interaction with ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21). ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) peptide and antibodies directed against ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) also blocked the adhesion and binding of ICAM-1-bearing Raji cells with fg. ICAM-1-(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) and fg-γ-117-133 are likely to be one of the contact pairs mediating fg-ICAM-1 interactions.
Hope in hard times.

In the face of challenging times, advocates for women and their families in maternal-child health care continue to promote evidence-based and mother-/baby-friendly care. What qualities allow childbirth educators, doulas, nurses, and perinatal care providers to keep going even when the health-care practices around them often do not match their values? This editorial explores the impact of recent trends in which increasing utilization of elective technology in maternity care may affect the individual commitment of childbirth advocates. Borrowing from research on successful advocates in other fields, the author speculates on both why and how childbirth advocates sustain commitment and how “we will prevail.”
Contribution of the bacterial recombination function to replication of bacteriophage P22

Abstract Small plaque-forming mutants (erf mutation) of Salmonella phage P22 were isolated. Plaque morphology of the erf mutants is somewhat similar to that of the r+ marker of T-even Escherichia coli bacteriophages, and erf mutants exert strong interference with erf+ wild-type plaques. The erf mutants carry the same host range, immunity and antigenicity as P22. The erf mutation was found to be a point mutation. The erf mutants failed to grow on recombination-deficient mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Since erf mutants were permissive in the wild-type hosts, it was concluded that the bacterial recombination function of the host substitutes the erf function of P22 for replication. The erf marker of P22 was mapped by genetic crosses; it is located on the left side of the c region and belongs to the early functions of the phage.
Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7– x multilayer structures with a thick SiO 2 interlayer for multichip modules

For high temperature superconducting multichip modules and other related electronic applications, it is necessary to be able to fabricate several Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7– x (YBCO) layers separated by thick low dielectric constant dielectric layers. In this work, we report the successful fabrication of YBCO/YSZ/SiO 2 (1–2 μm)/YSZ/YBCO multilayer structures on single crystal yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. In contrast to previously reported work, the top YBCO layer did not show any cracking. This is due to a technique that allows for stress relief in the SiO 2 layer before the second YBCO layer is deposited. The top YBCO layer in our multilayer structure had T c = 87 K and J c = 10 5 A/cm 2 (at 77 K), whereas the bottom YBCO layer had T c = 90 K and J c = 1.2 × 10 6 A/cm 2 (at 77 K). We also showed that the quality of the bottom YBCO layer was preserved during the fabrication of the multilayer due to the annealing process during which O 2 diffused into the YBCO, replacing the O 2 lost during the deposition of the top YBCO layer.
Cloning and characterization of Disc1, the mouse ortholog of DISC1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1).

Abstract We cloned the mouse ortholog of DISC1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1), a candidate gene for schizophrenia. Disc1 is 3163 nucleotides long and has 60% identity with the human DISC1. Disc1 encodes 851 amino acids and has 56% identity with the human protein. Disc1 maps to the DISC1 syntenic region in the mouse, and genomic structure is conserved. A Disc1 splice variant deletes a portion of Disc1 beginning at amino acids orthologous to the human truncation. Bioinformatic analysis and cross-species comparisons revealed sequence conservation distributed across the genes and conservation of leucine zipper and coiled-coil domains in both orthologs. In situ hybridization in adult mouse brain revealed a restricted expression pattern, with highest levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and lower expression in CA1–CA3 of the hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulbs. Identification of Disc1 will facilitate the study of DISC1′s function and creation of mouse models of DISC1 disruption.
Guest Editorial for the Special Issue on Ultra-Low-Voltage VLSI Circuits and Systems for Green Computing

The papers in this special issue are devoted to the topic of the development and applicaitons that are supported by ultra-low-voltatge VLSI circuits systems for green computing.
The Influence of Headgroup on the Structure of Self-Assembled Monolayers As Viewed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Molecular resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images are shown of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing alkene, cyano, and carboxylic acid headgroups. The alkene-terminated thiolate SAM displayed a lattice structure indistinguishable from those of methyl-terminated thiol. The cyano-terminated thiolate SAM showed hexagonal, square, and double-row lattice structures, indicative of polymorphism and/or multiple chemical species on the surface. The carboxylic acid-terminated thiolate SAM showed a double-row lattice structure very similar to that of the cyano-terminated thiolate SAM suggesting that perhaps the cyano groups had undergone hydrolysis to form amide and/or carboxylic acid groups. This hypothesis was supported by the results of a friction-force microscopy experiment on micro-contact printed patterns of these molecules.
Radio Metric Observations of Quiescent Filament Cavities

We present in this paper a systematic study of the filament environment in the metric radio range, describing the existence of brightness temperature depressions above quiescent filaments on the disk and on the limb. Using the upgraded Nancay Radioheliograph, Hα data from Meudon Observatory, and EIT and LASCO data from SOHO, we estimate the brightness temperature depressions and show that the most likely source of the depression is the cavity that surrounds the filament. Radio observations are able to locate and probe this cavity on the disk, contrary to other wavelengths. Using a filament eruption as an example, we propose that the cavity is a magnetic structure linked to the filament, in accordance with flux-rope models.
Access to poly-beta-peptides with functionalized side chains and end groups via controlled ring-opening polymerization of beta-lactams.

Poly-β-peptides are attractive for biomedical applications because the backbone is similar enough to that of proteins for biocompatibility, but the backbone is sufficiently unnatural that these polymers evade proteolytic degradation. Prior investigations of poly-β-peptides have been hindered by two principal limitations: (1) most known examples are insoluble, and (2) the range of accessible side chain functionality has been quite limited (mostly simple hydrocarbon units). The present study describes innovations in poly-β-peptide synthesis that enable the preparation of diversely functionalized examples and provide the basis for broad exploration of the properties and applications of these nylon-3 materials. We describe several β-lactams with a protected amino group in their side chain that readily undergo ring-opening polymerization (ROP). These monomers are available in large quantities via N-chlorosulfonylisocyanate (CSI) cycloaddition reactions with functionalized alkenes; previously CSI reactions have...
Spiral CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy): multiobserver study of different image display techniques compared to colonoscopy

Spiral CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) is a rapidly developing field with both 2D and 3D display techniques currently used for visualization of colorectal polyps. Our purpose was to perform a multiobserver reader study in a test set of 30 colonic segments to determine the diagnostic performance of 2D MPR, 3D thick slab MPR, and 3D PVR, using colonoscopy as the standard of reference. In this study, CT colonography was performed in a cohort of patients with known polyps immediately prior to colonoscopy, following using a standard bowel prep and air-insufflation. A test set of 30 colonic segments was created, with a total of 22 lesions present, with all findings verified by colonoscopy. Three image displays were tested in this study: 2D multiplanar reformation (MPR), 3D thick slab MPR following 2D MPR review, and 3D perspective volume rendered (PVR) displays following 2D MPR review. Readers independently analyzed each test case in a controlled setting and scored their confidence on a 5 point scale of each focal finding observed. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity for detection of colorectal polyps using 2D MPR in this library of 30 colonic segments. Reader analysis with 3D PVR demonstrated improved characterization of focal findings in selected cases.
Measurement of the linear electro-optic coefficient in poled amorphous silica.

We report measurements of the linear electro-optic coefficients of temperature- and/or static-electric-field-poled bulk fused silica. The values for r31 and r33 are 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.3 ± 0.1 pm/V, respectively, in agreement with extrapolations from measured second-harmonic generation coefficients. Measurements were performed by use of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with LiNbO3 as a reference material.
Effects of 2,2′-dipyridyl and related compounds on platelet prostaglandin synthesis and platelet function

Abstract 2,2′-dipyridyl, a chelator of ferrous iron and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was studied together with several similar compounds to determine the mechanism of their effects on platelets. All of these compounds were more potent inhibitors of arachidonic-acid-mediated aggregation (IC50, 0.17–1.8 mM) than of ADP-mediated aggregation (IC50, 7.6–19.7 mM). At low concentrations required to inhibit arachidonic-acid-mediated aggregation, 2,2′-dipyridyl, 4,4′-dipyridyl and 2-chloropyridine specifically inhibited the platelet cyclo-oxygenase. The mechanism of inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation was investigated, but was not explained. At concentrations needed to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation, 2,2′-dipyridyl did not alter cell ultrastructure, serotonin or nucleotide content or interfere with release of [14C]arachidonic acid or calcium movements. Therefore, our results indicate that 2,2′-dipyridyl and related compounds have two effects on platelets, both due to the unprotonated form. The inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase by low concentrations of these compounds is not due to bidentate iron chelation, since 4,4′-dipyridyl was almost as effective as 2,2′-dipyridyl, but is compatible with binding of these inhibitors to the iron in the heme of the cyclo-oxygenase.
RELIABLE RECENCY EFFECTS

400 undergraduates read excerpts from a jury trial in either a defense-prosecution or a prosecution-defense order. 10 replications of this order effect paradigm showed recency effects.
Theoretical investigation of the metal–metal interaction in dimolybdenum complexes with bridging hydride and methyl ligands

Abstract DFT calculations on dinuclear molybdenum complexes with bridging hydride and methyl ligands, namely [CpMo(μ-O2CH)]2(μ-PH2)(μ-H) and [Cp*Mo(μ-O2CMe)]2(μ-PMe2)(μ-Me), indicate that the bonding is best described in terms of: (i) a 2-center-2-electron Mo–Mo single bond and (ii) a 3-center-2-electron Mo–H–Mo or Mo–Me–Mo bond. The presence of a 2-center-2-electron Mo–Mo single bond is in accord with an electron counting procedure that views the bridging hydride and methyl ligands as μ-LX ligands; in contrast, an electron counting procedure which apportions half of the valence electron of the hydrogen atom or methyl radical to each metal dictates a Mo Mo double bond, a result that is contrary to the theoretical calculations. Consideration of a variety of other bridging hydride complexes indicates that the μ-LX electron counting method provides the best general description of the bonding by clearly distinguishing between the number of 3-center-2-electron M–H–M interactions and direct 2-center-2-electron M–M interactions.
The effects of a single reminder trial on retention of a motor skill.

Two experiments investigated the effects of a single reminder trial on immediate and delayed retention. Experiment 1 determined if beneficial effects of a reminder trial were a function of task order. Immediate retention performance benefited only when the reminder trial was practiced in the first block of trials. Experiment 2 added a 24-hr delayed retention test to examine the long-term benefits of a reminder trial. Retention performance was enhanced over both delay intervals. The long-term effect extended previous research (Shea & Titzer, 1993) that documented effects after 10 min. The use of a single reminder trial established that intertask comparisons between multiple reminder trials were not a precondition for the reminder trial effect as postulated by Shea and Titzer.
Mother-Infant Gazing During Play, Bottle Feeding, and Spoon Feeding

Summary Gazing behavior of 10 three-month-old twin infants (five male and five female) and their mothers during play, bottle feeding, and spoon feeding activities were analyzed. Video-tape equipment was used in the home; data were gathered as naturalistically as possible. Mothers looked at infants for a greater percentage of the total time and for longer durations than infants looked at mothers. A consistency-activation personality theory in which mothers are highly motivated to gaze at infants, but infants seek visual interest by looking away from mother, is suggested to interpret the findings. Both looking and not-looking gazes and mean and median measures of central tendency were shown to be helpful and necessary for the gazing analysis.
Impact of attenuation correction on the accuracy of FDG-PET in patients with abdominal tumors: a free-response ROC analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate image quality and lesion detectability with and without attenuation correction in patients with abdominal tumors, using a free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) methodology. Thirty-four patients with various abdominal tumors were evaluated (11 men, 23 women, median age 48 years). Whole-body emission scans were performed 68 min (35–102 min) after intravenous injection of 4.3 MBq/kg fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Images were reconstructed using the OS-EM algorithm and corrected for attenuation either using postinjection singles transmission (n=27) or by calculation and body outline (n=7). Total scan duration did not exceed 70 min. Studies were read independently by four observers unaware of any clinical data. The uncorrected (UC) images were systematically read before the attenuation-corrected (AC) images. All studies were given an image quality score ranging from 1 (unreadable) to 5 (excellent). Each focus of increased activity was then localized and given a probability of malignancy using a five-point scale. The average image quality score was similar for both UC and AC images. At the time of the positron emission tomography (PET) scans, 127 lesions (63 liver metastases, 9 retroperitoneal lesions, 50 peritoneal or bowel lesions, and 5 pancreatic carcinomas) were revealed by pathological or correlative studies. The areas under the FROC curves were consistently greater for AC images (range 0.8663–0.8867) than for UC images (range 0.7774–0.8613). Overall, the difference between the AC images and the UC images was significant (P=0.019). In particular, correction for attenuation increased the sensitivity regardless of the location of the lesions. In conclusion, correction for attenuation significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET for abdominal staging of neoplasms, without impairing the image quality.
Quantitation of catecholamines in uninflamed human dental pulp tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography

The quantitation of catecholamines has yet to be reported in the human dental pulp. Various methods of chemical detection have shown the presence of catecholamines in pulpal tissue. Pulpal tissue was obtained from nonrestored, uninflamed teeth that needed to be extracted. The samples were collected, extracted, and analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for levels of catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). As mediators of vasoconstriction, catecholamines play an important role in the control of intrapulpal pressure. This research describes a method for quantitation of catecholamines. Future studies investigating inflamed tissue can now be accomplished with the use of this analytic method. The results from this research indicate a baseline level of catecholamines in the uninflamed human dental pulp.
Reverberation and biological clutter in continental shelf waveguides

Seafloor reverberation in continental shelf waveguides is the primary limiting factor in active sensing of biological clutter in the ocean for noise unlimited scenarios. The detection range of clutter is determined by the ratio of the intensity of scattered returns from clutter versus the seafloor in a resolution cell of an active sensing system. We have developed a Rayleigh-Born volume scattering model for seafloor scattering in an ocean waveguide. The model has been tested with data collected from a number of Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) experiments in distinct US Northeast coast continental shelf environments, and has shown to provide accurate estimates of seafloor reverberation over wide areas for various source frequencies. We estimate scattered returns from fish clutter by combining ocean-acoustic waveguide propagation modeling that has been calibrated in a variety of continental shelf environments for OAWRS applications with a model for fish target strength. Our modeling of seafloor reverberation and scattered returns from fish clutter is able to explain and elucidate OAWRS measurements along the US Northeast coast.
Planning Your Global Financial Strategy

Today's corporations have a host of new financial choices at their disposal. As a result of these alternatives, your company may have also decided to reconsider its overall strategies. Here are some options to consider.
Degrees of freedom of 2-user and 3-user rank-deficient MIMO interference channels

We study the degrees of freedom (DoF) of 2-user and 3-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) interference channels with rank deficient channel matrices. Only achievable DoF results and trivial outer bounds were previously available for these problems, restricted to symmetric settings. For the 2-user rank deficient MIMO interference channel we prove the optimality of previously known achievable DoF in the symmetric case and generalize the result to fully asymmetric settings. For the 3-user rank deficient MIMO interference channel, we improve the achievable DoF and provide a tight outer bound to establish optimality. Linear precoding based achievable schemes are found to be DoF optimal in both cases.
Natural convection in water-saturated metal foam

Abstract Natural convection in water-saturated copper foam is measured for 2.5 × 10−4 Pr m Da - 1 / 2 C f - 1 . In comparison to natural convection in a water layer, enhancement of heat transfer is primarily via conduction. Enhancement of the advective component of heat transfer is obtained only for Raf ∼ 108 and 1.2 × 10−5 ⩽ Da ⩽ 2.4 × 10−5.
Abstract IA10: Comprehensive proteomic analyses of TCGA ovarian cancer specimens: Update from CPTAC

The Cancer Genome Atlas project included ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma as one of the first four tumor types examined, and TCGA has currently completed comprehensive genomic analyses of over 500 HGSOC tumor specimens, including complete exome sequencing, SNP and methylation analysis, as well as mRNA and miRNA profiling. The Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has collaborated with TCGA to provide equally comprehensive proteomic analysis of the same tumors analyzed by TCGA, including quantitative global proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and glycoproteomics. The objective of this study is to further understanding of the execution of genome-level aberrations at the protein level, and to identify functional changes associated with clinical outcome that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease progression, factors contributing to chemoresistance, and potentially the identification of new therapeutic targets. Initial analysis of a subset of the TCGA ovarian tumors at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes has provided preliminary evidence of pathway-level dysregulation associated with platinum resistance and poor clinical outcome. Citation Format: Karin D. Rodland. Comprehensive proteomic analyses of TCGA ovarian cancer specimens: Update from CPTAC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
The role of metal ion binding in generating 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine from the nucleoside 2'-deoxyguanosine and the nucleotide 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate.

Abstract The metal ions Cu(II), Fe(II), and Cr(III) were allowed to react with H 2 O 2 in the presence of either the mononucleoside 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) or the mononucleotide 2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-monophosphate (dGMP). The percentage of reacted dG or dGMP that formed the oxidative damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) was monitored. Oxidative damage from reactions involving Cu(II) appear dependent on an interaction between copper and N7 on the guanine base. Any interactions involving the phosphate group have little additional effect on overall oxidative damage or 8-OH-dG production. Reactions involving Fe(II) seem very dependent on an interaction that may involve both N7 on the guanine base and the phosphate group. This interaction may slow oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in solution, keeping iron in a readily available form to undergo the Fenton reaction. Chromium(III) appears to interact with the phosphate group of dGMP, resulting in significant overall oxidative damage. However, production of 8-OH-dG appears to be very dependent on the ability of Cr(III) to interact with N7 on the guanine base, an interaction that seems to be weak for both the mononucleoside and mononucleotide.
Absolute magnitude calibration using trigonometric parallax - Incomplete, spectroscopic samples

A new numerical algorithm is used to calibrate the absolute magnitude of spectroscopically selected stars from their observed trigonometric parallax. This procedure, based on maximum-likelihood estimation, can retrieve unbiased estimates of the intrinsic absolute magnitude and its dispersion even from incomplete samples suffering from selection biases in apparent magnitude and color. It can also make full use of low accuracy and negative parallaxes and incorporate censorship on reported parallax values. Accurate error estimates are derived for each of the fitted parameters. The algorithm allows an a posteriori check of whether the fitted model gives a good representation of the observations. The procedure is described in general and applied to both real and simulated data.
Structures of proteins of biomedical interest from the Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics

The Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics (CESG) produces and solves the structures of proteins from eukaryotes. We have developed and operate a pipeline to both solve structures and to test new methodologies. Both NMR and X-ray crystallography methods are used for structure solution. CESG chooses targets based on sequence dissimilarity to known structures, medical relevance, and nominations from members of the scientific community. Many times proteins qualify in more than one of these categories. Here we review some of the structures that have connections to human health and disease.
FIBRINOLYSIS IN RELATION TO DERMATOLOGY

SUMMARY.– An attempt has been made to show the possible importance of the fibrinolytic system in dermatology. The complex mechanisms of the system have been briefly explained and emphasis has been laid on the interrelationship between the fibrinolysis, coagulation, vaso-active polypeptide and complement systems. The various methods for the study of fibrinolytic activity in the blood and in tissues are explained and their interpretation critically evaluated. The pitfalls in the study of blood fibrinolysis are emphasized. The fibrinolytic activity in normal human skin is located around the blood vessels and such activity in the epidermis has not been convincingly demonstrated. Damage to the skin in vivo by stripping with Scotch Tape appears to inhibit fibrinolysis. Homogenates of epidermis can be shown to contain an inhibitor of fibrinolysis.
Calculation of electron-capture cross sections in low-energy collisions of C6+ with H.

The Landau-Zener model with rotational and degenerate Stark-effect coupling has been employed to calculate electron transfer in ${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$+H collisions for relative velocities between 0.5 and 50\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ cm/s. The total cross section for capture to n=4 levels of ${\mathrm{C}}^{5+}$ and the distributions over angular momentum sublevels are obtained. The results are compared to other calculations and available experimental data.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FERROUS IRON IN EIGHTEEN UNITED STATES GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE STANDARDS

Iron (II) oxide in 50 mg samples of silicate rocks, deposits, and soils is measured after digestion with HF and HCl in the presence of ICl. The iodine produced is measured spectrophotometrically. Results are presented for the eighteen available USGS geochemical reference standards including the GXR series.
Effect of cultivar and cadmium rate upon the nutrient content of soybean plants

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar, Cd rate, and cultivar x Cd rate interaction upon nutrient concentrations in the plant. Cultivars rated as T (tolerant) or S (susceptible) to Cd were included in the study. A factorial combination of 10 cultivars and 4 levels of Cd were randomized in 4 replications of a completely randomized design. Additions of CdCl2 dissolved in distilled water were made to weighed quantities of dry soil. The soil was a Flanagan silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll). Four weeks after planting, plants were harvested, air dried and dry ashed. Chemical determinations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, K, Ca, Mg and P in plants were made by emission spectroscopy. Nutrient concentrations were affected by cultivar and rate of Cd and generally, nutrient concentrations decreased as rate of Cd increased. The Cd linear x cultivar interaction significantly affected plant concentration of each element except P indicating that the linear effect of Cd was not cons...
Attenuation of in vivo and in vitro seizure activity using the adenosine agonist, metrifudil

Adenosine and other adenosine receptor agonists have been shown to inhibit seizures in a variety of in vivo and in vitro models. In the present study, the anticonvulsive effects of the partially selective A2a agonist, N-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]-adenosine (metrifudil), were examined using both the amygdala kindling and 0-Mg++-induced bursting hippocampal slice seizure models. Fully amygdala-kindled rats were injected with 1, 10, or 25 mg/kg (2.7, 27.0, or 67.4 μmol/kg) ip metrifudil, or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide), 20 min prior to receiving the kindling stimulus. Metrifudil significantly reduced after-discharge duration in a dose-related fashion compared to vehicle injections. After-discharge threshold and behavioral seizure stage were not significantly affected. In the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, stimulation of Schaffer collateral axons under 0-Mg++ conditions resulted in spontaneous and evoked epileptiform burst activity in the CA1 region. The addition of 1, 10, or 100 μM metrifudil to the 0-Mg++ media abolished this epileptiform activity in a concentration-related fashion. These findings indicate that the adenosine agonist, metrifudil, may have anticonvulsive properties, and are in support of the premise that the adenosine system plays an anticonvulsive role in the central nervous system. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PARAMETRIC EXCITATION OF A PLASMA.

Plasma waves parametric excitation by external electric field, using perturbation method of multitime scales
Re-commissioning: An energy management tool

ABSTRACT In 1996, when Zions Securities Corporation, a real estate company located in Salt Lake City, Utah, initiated a commissioning program for new facilities, it did not expect the program to deliver the kind of returns it did. The commissioning program uncovered many deficiencies in the newly constructed facilities, ranging from poor installation to inaccurate programming to unacceptable performance of some of the main equipment like chillers, boilers, and variable frequency drives. As a result of commissioning, all deficiencies were corrected early in the construction and acceptance phase. The success of the commissioning program encouraged upper management to focus attention on old and existing facilities. Re-commissioning was selected as the method to be used to optimize performance, reduce energy consumption, and improve indoor air quality as well as tenant thermal comfort. This article will present three case studies about existing facilities that were re-commissioned, the deficiencies that were ...
Comparison of Quadrature Schemes in DOM for Anisotropic Scattering Radiative Transfer Analysis

The commonly implemented level-symmetric S N quadrature set for the discrete-ordinates method suffers from a limitation in discrete direction number to avoid physically unrealistic weighting factors. This limitation can have an adverse impact for determining radiative transfer, as directional discretization results in angular false scattering errors due to distortion of the scattering phase function in addition to the ray effect. To combat this limitation, several higher-order quadrature schemes with no directional limitation have been developed. Here, four higher-order quadrature sets (Legendre-equal weight, Legendre-Chebyshev, triangle tessellation, and spherical ring approximation) are implemented for determination of radiative transfer in a 3-D cubic enclosure containing participating media. Heat fluxes obtained at low direction number are compared to the S N quadrature and Monte Carlo predictions to gauge and compare quadrature accuracy. Investigation into the reduction/elimination of angular false s...
Development and applications of a two-dimensional tip-tilting stage system with nanoradian-level positioning resolution

In this paper, designs of a novel rotary weak-link stage for a vertical rotation axis and a two-dimensional tip-tilting system are presented. Applications of these new stage systems include: an advanced X-ray stereo imaging instrument for particle tracking velocimetry, an alignment stage system for hard X-ray nano-focusing Montel mirror optics, and an ultra-precision crystal manipulator for cryo-cooling optical cavities of an X-ray free-electron-laser oscillator (XFELO).
Glimpses of the Epigenetic Landscape

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Cui et al. (2009) provide snapshots of histone modification maps for two different stages of human blood cell development. Revealing chromatin-state maps in model cell types will provide an important framework in which to consider epigenetic controls at molecular and systematic levels.
Probing The Divalent Cation-binding Region Of The Myosin Regulatory Light Chain During Muscle Contraction Using EPR

We are using electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) to determine whether the myosin light chain domain (LCD) rotates as a rigid unit during muscle contraction. To accomplish this we are making orientational measurements at selected positions in the LCD using site-directed spin labeling of single-cysteine mutants of RLC. In addition, we are using double-cysteine RLC mutants to measure distance changes using dipolar EPR. We created two RLC mutants that contain a single cysteine (I35C or A55C) in the helices of the helix-loop-helix of the rat ventricular RLC (vRLC) divalent cation-binding site. Starting with each single-cysteine mutant, a second cysteine was added in the opposite helix (I35C/L49C and A55C/A32C) for distance measurements. The four RLC mutants were labeled with the spin probe MTSL and separately reconstituted into rabbit psoas muscle fiber bundles. The EPR spectra of the labeled fiber bundles in rigor were sensitive to muscle fiber orientation, for both I35C- and A55C-RLC mutants, indicating that the spin labels were highly oriented at both sites, making them ideal for measuring orientational changes. For both single-cysteine RLC mutants, myosin in rigor showed two populations of oriented spin labels that became substantially disordered in relaxation, while contraction induced order in a small fraction of the spin labels. The EPR spectra of the fibers with double-cysteine RLC mutants showed that the spin labels were less sensitive to muscle orientation, so they are suitable for distance measurements with myofibrillar preparations at low temperatures. This work is supported by NIH grant AR052360 to OR and by the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.
Locomotor training remodels fMRI sensorimotor cortical activations in children after cerebral hemispherectomy.

Purpose. This study examined whether locomotor training, which included body weight—supported treadmill therapy, improved walking and induced cortical representational adaptations using functional magnetic resonance imaging in the remaining sensorimotor network after cerebral hemispherectomy. Methods. Hemispherectomy patients (n = 12) underwent 2 weeks of gait training for at least 30 hours each. They were tested pre- and posttraining with the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment, unassisted single-limb stance time, and usual and fastest walking speeds. Three patients performed voluntary ankle movements as the functional magnetic resonance imaging activation task pre- and posttraining. Control subjects included 5 healthy children tested 2 weeks apart, 2 of whom trained on the treadmill, and 2 hemispherectomy patients who received upper extremity rehabilitation and no gait therapy. Results. Although patients reported improvements with gait training, behavioral outcomes did not significantly change. Training was ass...
On three-dimensional long water waves in a channel with sloping sidewalls

A theoretical model is presented for the propagation of long, weakly nonlinear water waves along a channel bounded by sloping sidewalls. The theoretical predictions are in quantitative agreement with experiments and confirm the presence of significant three-dimensional effects, not accounted for by previous theories.
On the coefficient of variation for residence time distributions of some stochastic compartmental models

The study of residence time distributions is motivated by the desire to develop new practical tools for the statistical analysis of compartmental systems. In particular, Gibaldi and Perrier (1982) describe three alternative models for a two-compartment system, which were noted to be "indistinguishable based solely on plasma or urinary excretion data," defining a residence time distribution. In this paper, properties of the coefficient of variation of the residence time distributions are developed for these three models. In addition to the standard Markovian model with exponential retention times, properties are also derived for a non-Markovian model with gamma retention times. A coefficient of variation may be estimated from commonly available elimination data, and may be used in principle to discriminate between these three models.
The outcome of trochanteric reattachment in revision total hip arthroplasty with a Cable Grip System: mean 6-year follow-up.

We have reviewed 251 hips that were revised by the senior authors with subsequent reattachment using the Dall-Miles Cable Grip System. Of these patients, 223 were available for follow-up. A trochanteric slide osteotomy was used for most cases (n = 170), and the remainder had conventional trochanteric osteotomy to facilitate surgical exposure. Follow-up period was 1 to 8 years. Forty-eight percent (n = 108) of the hips had a previous trochanteric osteotomy. Thirteen percent (n = 30) had a prior trochanteric nonunion. Of the 223 hips, 91% (n = 204) of the trochanters remained attached to the trochanteric bed when reapproximated by the cable grip system. The 2 multifilament cables were passed medially through drill holes in the lesser trochanter in 67% (n = 149) of cases. Of the hips, 16% (n = 35) had 2 cables passed through bone lateral to the prosthesis, and 17% (n = 39) had cables passed 1 medial and 1 lateral to the prosthesis. Cable breakage was noted in 10% (n = 23) of cases. Of those 23, 70% (n = 16) were stainless steel. Unraveling of the cable occurred in 18% (n = 41) of cases. There were 19 nonunions (9%). Of the 19 nonunions, 74% (n = 14) were stainless steel. The trochanter was reattached to bone in 9 hips, to cement in 4 hips, and to a proximal femoral allograft in 6 hips (P = .0001). Eight of the 19 hips (42%) had the cables placed lateral to the prosthesis (P = .0002). When bone-to-bone apposition was achieved at surgery, the nonunion rate was 4%. In this difficult group of revision procedures, the Dall-Miles Cable Grip has provided reliable trochanteric fixation. Factors associated with successful trochanteric healing include use of vitallium cables, use of a trochanteric slide osteotomy, cables passed medially through the lesser trochanter, cerclage rather than intramedullary placement, and bone-to-bone apposition.
Signal-to-noise ratio for magnetooptic readout from MnBi films

The signal-to-noise ratio in an optical memory has been analyzed and examined experimentally. A solid-state detector can be used with MnBi as the storage media, but for media with smaller magnetooptic rotation, a photomultiplier is considered necessary. Analyzer orientation and light beam intensity have been included in the analysis. Results with experimental apparatus employing a crystal beam splitter at 45° angle and solid-state detectors compares well with analysis.
System y+ localizes to different membrane subdomains in the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.

We report here that the system y+ cationic amino acid transporter ATRC1 localized to clusters within the basolateral membrane of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney and human embryonic kidney (HEK)...
Region-based Image Annotation using Asymmetrical Support Vector Machine-based Multiple-Instance Learning

In region-based image annotation, keywords are usually associated with images instead of individual regions in the training data set. This poses a major challenge for any learning strategy. In this paper, we formulate image annotation as a supervised learning problem under Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) framework. We present a novel Asymmetrical Support Vector Machine-based MIL algorithm (ASVM-MIL), which extends the conventional Support Vector Machine (SVM) to the MIL setting by introducing asymmetrical loss functions for false positives and false negatives. The proposed ASVM-MIL algorithm is evaluated on both image annotation data sets and the benchmark MUSK data sets.
From Momentary Maximizing to Serial Response Times and Artificial Grammar Learning

Our overarching priority has been to develop method and theory to clarify the ideas of James and Skinner on the importance of streams of thought and of behavior. We describe experimental methods to quantitatively control and theoretical methods to explain the local continuity, or moment-to-moment nature, of thought and behavior in time.
Gravity waves in the mesosphere generated by tropospheric convention

The observed cold temperatures in the summer mesosphere are dynamically maintained primarily through upwelling induced in response to the action of a zonal drag force caused by the breaking of upward propagating gravity waves. Tropospheric convective storms are believed to be important sources of gravity waves in the summer mesosphere, but little is known about the characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves generated by convection. As a first attempt to model such waves a nonhydrostatic cloud-resolving numerical model is used to simulate a 2-dimensional squall line in a domain of width 2048 km and depth 90 km. The simulation produces a broad spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves. These propagate into the middle atmosphere, forming a fan-like pattern of waves with amplitudes increasing with height, and eventually reach breaking amplitudes in the mesosphere. The resultant mesospheric wave-breaking produces strong zonal forcing, which is eastward to the east of the storm center and westward to the west of the storm center. Breaking of upward propagating waves also generates high frequency downward propagating secondary waves of short horizontal wavelength, and long vertical wavelength. The secondary waves have only a small influence on the net vertical transfer of momentum, but produce a strong signature in perturbation vertical velocity, featuring alternating positive and negative interference with the primary upward propagating modes. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00005.x
Effect of wrist and interphalangeal thumb movement on zone T2 flexor pollicis longus tendon tension in a human cadaver model.

Abstract Introduction Therapy after flexor pollicis longus (FPL) repair typically mimics finger flexor management, but this ignores anatomic and biomechanical features unique to the FPL. Purpose of the study We measured FPL tendon tension in zone T2 to identify biomechanically appropriate exercises for mobilizing the FPL. Methods Eight human cadaver hands were studied to identify motions that generated enough force to achieve FPL movement without exceeding hypothetical suture strength. Results With the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints blocked, appropriate forces were produced for both passive interphalangeal (IP) motion with 30° wrist extension and simulated active IP flexion from 0° to 35° with the wrist in the neutral position. Discussion This work provides a biomechanical basis for safely and effectively mobilizing the zone T2 FPL tendon. Conclusion Our cadaver study suggests that it is safe and effective to perform early passive and active exercise to an isolated IP joint. Level of evidence NA.