cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
National Park vegetation mapping using multitemporal Landsat 7 data and a decision tree classifier

Abstract Decision tree classifiers have received much recent attention, particularly with regards to land cover classifications at continental to global scales. Despite their many benefits and general flexibility, the use of decision trees with high spatial resolution data has not yet been fully explored. In support of the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program (VMP), we have examined the feasibility of using a commercially available decision tree classifier with multitemporal satellite data from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper-Plus (ETM+) instrument to map 11 land cover types at the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area near Milford, PA. Ensemble techniques such as boosting and consensus filtering of the training data were used to improve both the quality of the input training data as well as the final products. Using land cover classes as specified by the National Vegetation Classification Standard at the Formation level, the final land cover map has an overall accuracy of 82% (κ=0.80) when tested against a validation data set acquired on the ground (n=195). This same accuracy is 99.5% when considering only forest vs. nonforest classes. Usage of ETM+ scenes acquired at multiple dates improves the accuracy over the use of a single date, particularly for the different forest types. These results demonstrate the potential applicability and usability of such an approach to the entire National Park system, and to high spatial resolution land cover and forest mapping applications in general.
Radio journalism training and the future of radio news in the UK

For nearly 20 years, the majority of radio journalists in the UK have been trained on courses which both the BBC and the commercial sector have endorsed. Radio news was seen as having certain constant and essential elements – whether it was broadcast on a three-minute bulletin on a tiny independent local radio station in Scotland or on a BBC network flagship news programme. But competition now means that journalists in both sectors are operating in an increasingly market-focused culture, having to adapt to new definitions of what interests the public and what the public needs to know, and it appears that the consensus on news values may be breaking down. Using original data collected from radio news editors and radio journalism trainers in the UK, this article looks at what type of journalist will be needed in the future. It analyses the skills and knowledge required for the job and what personal qualities are deemed essential. It argues that journalism training courses are caught in the middle of a divid...
Scalable codeword generation for coupled buses

Inductive and capacitive coupling are responsible for slowing down signals. Existing bus encoding techniques tackle the issue by avoiding certain types of transitions. This work proposes a codeword generation method for such techniques that is scalable to very wide buses. Experimentation on a recent encoding technique confirms that the conventional method is limited to 16-bit bus while the proposed method is easily extended beyond 128-bits.
Immunologic Aspects of Mycobacterial Infections

Immunosuppressive mechanisms loom as important factors in depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses during active tuberculosis. Nonspecific suppression may be mediated by circulating immune complexes containing mycobacterial polysaccharides such as D-arabino-D-galactan. The mechanism of suppression involves activation of monocyte production of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with tuberculosis include increased numbers of monocytes that suppress the response to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). Antigen-specific suppression is associated with monocyte activation by a number of criteria, including decreased surface expression of HLA-DR determinants and increased production of interleukin 1 (IL-1). The increased production of IL-1 is associated with--and may have a causal relation to--immunosuppression. A second parallel regulatory mechanism involves PPD-specific suppression by Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes. The consequence of these immunosuppressive circuits is depression of tuberculin-induced blastogenesis, production of IL-2, and generation of IL-2 receptors. These findings suggest that natural infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may result in immunosuppression. Studies of potentially protective antigens in experimental systems must be designed to assess and avoid activation of suppressor circuits.
Reachability, observability, and discretization

It is shown that a commonly used discretization method leads to a certain infidelity regarding the reachability and observability properties of the original versus the discretized version. In a digital implementation this infidelity is amplified due to round off errors. In particular, the reduced order modeling is shown to be very sensitive. A new discretization method of high fidelity is proposed. As an application the commutativity of reduced order modeling and discretization is studied for balanced realizations and a criterion for determining the stepsize corresponding to a certain degree of fidelity is presented.
Routing and horizon scheduling for time-shift advance reservation

We introduce an optimal routing and horizon scheduling algorithm for Time-Shift Advance Reservation. The proposed algorithm minimizes latency for each request, reduces request blocking, and increases link utilization compared to standard advance reservation approaches.
Bromism from Excessive Cola Consumption

Background: Bromism is an unusual occurrence. Historically bromism has been known to occur with chronic ingestion of bromide salts used as sleep medications. In this case, excessive consumption of ...
Statin-dependent activation of protein kinase Cδ in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and induction of leukemic cell differentiation

Statins are HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, which block the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate and have potent cholesterol lowering properties. Beyond their importance in the generation of lipid lowering effects, the regulatory effects of statins on the mevalonate pathway have a significant impact on multiple other cellular functions. There is now extensive evidence that statins have anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties, but the precise mechanisms by which such responses are generated are not well understood. In the present study we demonstrate that statins engage a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of proteins, PKCδ, in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Our study shows that atorvastatin and fluvastatin induce proteolytic activation of PKCδ in the APL NB4 cell line, which expresses the t(15;17) translocation. Such engagement of PKCδ results in induction of its kinase domain and downstream regulation of pathways important for statin-dependent leukemia cell differentiation. Our research shows that the function of PKCδ is essential for statin-induced leukemic cell differentiation, as demonstrated by studies involving selective targeting of PKCδ using siRNAs. We also demonstrate that the potent enhancing effects of statins on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced gene expression for CCL3 and CCL4 requires the function of PKCδ, suggesting a mechanism by which statins may promote ATRA-induced antileukemic responses. Altogether, our data establish a novel function for PKCδ as a mediator of statin-induced differentiation of APL cells and antileukemic effects.
Use of a retention gap for the trace analysis of volatile polar organics at the ppb level by direct aqueous injection

Possibilite d'utiliser cette methode avec une colonne capillaire de silice a phase methylsilicone
Stewardship: a new vision for the purpose of business

Purpose – A new vision for the purpose of business is vitally and urgently needed for emerging and developed markets to replace the shareholder wealth maximization paradigm that has contributed to contemporary ethics scandals, creating a credibility and trust crisis for business. In response, this paper seeks to present the stewardship model, a new, humane, and sustainable vision for the role of business as a contributor to human flourishing.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper builds on the thinking of those who have championed various reformulated paradigms in pursuit of responsible business behavior.Findings – The center of economic gravity is shifting towards emerging markets. During this time of transition there is both a window of opportunity and an urgent need to change the social contract with business to achieve human flourishing, a more desirable goal than mere economic growth. Efforts to promote virtuous personal and corporate behavior need the mutually reinforcing element of a n...
Regulation of secretory granule pH in insulin-secreting cells

Luminal acidification is important for the maturation of secretory granules, yet little is known regarding the regulation of pH within them. A pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was targ...
A comparison of preemptive and non-preemptive load distributing

The authors consider whether the addition of a migration facility to a distributed scheduler already capable of placement can significantly improve performance. They examine performance over a broad range of workload characteristics and file system structures. They find that while placement alone is capable of large improvement in performance, the addition of migration can achieve considerable additional improvement. >
Metallicity of Star-Forming Galaxies

Metallicity is intricately related to star formation because metals are injected into the interstellar medium by stellar mass-loss processes. Theory suggests that metallicity changes less rapidly than star-formation rate as a function of redshift, but until now, there has been no solid observational foundation for the cosmic metallicity history of star-forming galaxies. We present the first results of our new investigation into the metallicity history of star-forming (emissionline) galaxies between redshifts 0 < z < 3. This analysis provides an initial insight into the evolution of metallicity for star-forming galaxies spanning the redshift range 0 < z < 3.
Urban/Rural disparities in Oregon pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) greatly contributes to morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. We examined potential urban/rural disparities in mortality amongst Oregon pediatric patients with TBI treated in trauma hospitals. We conducted a retrospective study of children ages 0–19 using the Oregon Trauma Registry for years 2009–2012. Geographic location of injury was classified using the National Center for Health Statistics Urban/Rural Classification Scheme. Incidence rates were calculated using Census data for denominators. Associations between urban/rural injury location and mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders. Generalized estimating equations were used to help account for clustering of data within hospitals. Of 2794 pediatric patients with TBI, 46.6 % were injured in large metropolitan locations, 24.8 % in medium/small metropolitan locations, and 28.6 % in non-metropolitan (rural) locations. Children with rural locations of injury had a greater annualized TBI incidence rate, at 107/100,000 children per year, than those from large metropolitan areas (71/100,000 per year). Compared to children injured in urban locations, those in rural locations had more than twice the crude odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95 % CI, 1.6–4.0). This association remained significant (OR, 1.8; 95 % CI, 1.04–3.3) while adjusting for age, gender, race, insurance status, injury severity, and type of TBI (blunt vs. penetrating). We observed higher rates of TBI and greater proportions of severe injury in rural compared to urban areas in Oregon. Rural children treated in the trauma system for TBI were more likely to die than urban children after controlling for demographic and injury factors associated with urban/rural residence. Further research is needed to examine treatment disparities by urban/rural location. Future work should also identify interventions that can reduce risk of TBI and TBI-related mortality among children, particularly those who live in rural areas.
Acute Toxicity of the Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1 in Apis Mellifera

SummaryAdult worker honeybees, caged in groups of 15, were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm pure aflatoxin B1 As the level of toxin increased, more bees died earlier, over 90% by the second day of those fed 30 and 40 ppm. Half the bees fed 5 ppm were dead after 3½ days. The honeybee was more sensitive to aflatoxin B1 than the cockroach, but less sensitive than the fruitfly and housefly. It is considered that, if aflatoxin B1 is present in hives, it could cause the premature death of bees.
Fifteen Principles of Enhanced Success in Endoscopic Brow Lift

The endoscopic brow lift can be a powerful surgical procedure. As surgery is performed within a closed space and with specialized instrumentation, attention to detail, knowledge of anatomy, and surgical experience are critical to attain successful results. Multiple tips are presented to enhance success.
Optical coherence microscopy using hardware and computational adaptive optics

Aberrations can be compensated for by adaptive optics. In this paper, we combined adaptive optics with optical coherence microscopy for high resolution imaging. Comparisons between hardware and computational adaptive optics are presented.
Effective Peer-Mediated Strategies for Improving the Conversational Skills of Adolescents With Autism

Deficits in social-communication skills can leave high school students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) socially marginalized where conversation is the primary medium for social interaction. Interventions are needed to improve conversational skills and facilitate interactions with peers while students with ASD are still in school, yet few research-based strategies exist for high school settings. In this article, we describe three peer-mediated conversational strategies documented to be effective through our research: strategies to (a) support overall conversational engagement, (b) increase initiations to start conversations, and (c) increase follow-up questions to sustain conversations. The peer-mediated strategies are combined with teaching students with ASD to use visual supports to strengthen intervention effectiveness. We highlight methods for peer training, outcomes of our research, and implications for speech-language pathologists (SLPs).
Stomatal development: three steps for cell-type differentiation.

Stomata are microscopic pores on the plant epidermis that act as a major passage for the gas and water vapor exchange between a plant and the atmosphere. A pair of specialized guard cells works in concert to adjust pore size to maintain gas exchange while minimizing the water loss. The formation of stomata requires a series of cell-fate transitions from an initial meristemoid mother cell (MMC), to a stem-cell-like precursor meristemoid, to a guard mother cell (GMC), and finally to terminally-differentiated guard cells. Three closely-related Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA act sequentially at each key step to direct cell-fate transitions during stomatal development. In this addendum, we propose that a three-step relay of the three bHLHs establishes the molecular framework for stomatal differentiation. Specific expression patterns as well as protein domain structure and dimerization partners of each stomatal bHLH protein may determine the specific function a...
Fauxvea: Crowdsourcing Gaze Location Estimates for Visualization Analysis Tasks

We present the design and evaluation of a method for estimating gaze locations during the analysis of static visualizations using crowdsourcing. Understanding gaze patterns is helpful for evaluating visualizations and user behaviors, but traditional eye-tracking studies require specialized hardware and local users. To avoid these constraints, we developed a method called Fauxvea, which crowdsources visualization tasks on the Web and estimates gaze fixations through cursor interactions without eye-tracking hardware. We ran experiments to evaluate how gaze estimates from our method compare with eye-tracking data. First, we evaluated crowdsourced estimates for three common types of information visualizations and basic visualization tasks using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). In another, we reproduced findings from a previous eye-tracking study on tree layouts using our method on MTurk. Results from these experiments show that fixation estimates using Fauxvea are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to eye tracking on the same stimulus-task pairs. These findings suggest that crowdsourcing visual analysis tasks with static information visualizations could be a viable alternative to traditional eye-tracking studies for visualization research and design.
Aircraft sensor fault detection using state and input estimation

This paper presents a method for detecting aircraft sensor faults using state and input estimation. We formulate the kinematics as a nonlinear state space system, which requires no modeling information, and thus is applicable to all aircraft. To illustrate the method, we investigate three fault-detection scenarios, namely, faulty pitot tube, angle-of-attack sensor, and accelerometers. We use the extended Kalman filter for pitot-tube and angle-of-attack sensor fault detection, and retrospective cost input estimation for accelerometer fault detection. For numerical illustration, we use the NASA Generic Transport Model to detect stuck, bias, drift, and deadzone sensor faults.
Ostracodes from the Maxville Limestone (Mississippian, Chesterian) from Ohio

A diverse fauna of ostracodes comprising 21 species representing 20 genera are described from the Maxville Limestone in central Ohio. Eight new species are proposed—Roundyella incompta, Deloia spinula, Lokius morsei, Bairdia prolixa, Acratia prolata, Waylandella depresssa, Pseudobythocypris securis, and Paracavellina cooperi. Oliganisus secunda (Croneis and Bristol), Glyptopleura costata (McCoy), and Geffenina praelonga Cooper are represented by tecnomorphs and heteromorphs. Specimens of Sansabella bradfieldi Coryell and Sohn show reversal of valve overlap. The ostracode fauna indicates a Chesterian age for the Maxville Limestone.
Reefer Madness to Marijuana Legalization Media Exposure and American Attitudes Toward Marijuana (1975-2012)

American attitudes toward marijuana have varied greatly from the time it was criminalized in the 1930s through the present day, and public opinion favoring the legalization of marijuana has steadily risen since 1990. It is generally well accepted that the media played a large role in shaping not only marijuana laws but also the general public’s attitudes toward marijuana. As such, this study utilized General Social Survey data to examine the relationship between media exposure and attitudes toward the legalization of marijuana from 1975 through 2012, 1975 through 1990, and 1991 through 2012. The findings indicate that while media exposure was not significantly related to attitudes about marijuana legalization from 1975 through 1990, both television and newspaper exposure had a significant positive relationship with favor toward the legalization of marijuana from 1991 through 2012.
Same Story; Different History: Students' Racialized Understanding of Historic Sites

Museums and historical sites are created to inform the public about our national heritage, yet the contributions of people of color are often excluded from these narratives. Even when they are included, the researchers found that students’ understanding and interpretations are often different based on the racial identity of the viewer. This study should lead to a reexamination of the mechanisms for content delivery in historical sites and museums and serve as a caution for historians and history teachers. If we ignore this racialized difference and refuse to acknowledge diversity in students’ racialized historical understanding, minority students’ voices are excluded and majority students become miseducated about the past. This study investigated a student trip to southern Indiana where students experienced historical sites from the Underground Railroad and racial segregation. During the trip, students connected to the slave experience in different ways, reported different understandings of the history of segregation, and disrupted or reifyed the progressive (slavery to segregation to civil rights) narrative of American history. This article builds on the work on racialized historical understanding in classrooms by Epstein (Soc Edu 61:28–31, 1997; Curric Inq 28(4):397–423, 1998; Theory Pract 40(1):42–47, 2001) and moves the conversation from the classroom to the public spaces that not only tell our history but show it as well.
Serotonin Syndrome from 5-Hydroxytryptophan Supplement Ingestion in a 9-Month-Old Labrador Retriever

Introduction 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplements are available over the counter and labeled as sleeping aids and anxiolytics for human use. 5-HTP is a serotonin precursor and overdose can lead to serotonin syndrome.
The Role of Capital Structure in ABCT

We argue that the application of financial analysis, especially that of duration, clarifies and supports the application of the average period of production in ABCT. We also suggest that the focus in the recent ABCT literature should be more on the average period of production (APP) and less in the stages of production as depicted in Hayek’s triangle in Garrison’s model.
Variational calculation of the ground state of closed-shell nuclei up to A =40

Variational calculations of ground-state properties of $^{4}\mathrm{He},^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ are carried out employing realistic phenomenological two- and three-nucleon potentials. The trial wave function includes two- and three-body correlations acting on a product of single-particle determinants. Expectation values are evaluated with a cluster expansion for the spin-isospin dependent correlations considering up to five-body cluster terms. The optimal wave function is obtained by minimizing the energy expectation value over a set of up to 20 parameters by means of a nonlinear optimization library. We present results for the binding energy, charge radius, one- and two-body densities, single-nucleon momentum distribution, charge form factor, and Coulomb sum rule. We find that the employed three-nucleon interaction becomes repulsive for $A\ensuremath{\ge}16$. In $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ the inclusion of such a force provides a better description of the properties of the nucleus. In $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ instead, the repulsive behavior of the three-body interaction fails to reproduce experimental data for the charge radius and the charge form factor. We find that the high-momentum region of the momentum distributions, determined by the short-range terms of nuclear correlations, exhibits a universal behavior independent of the particular nucleus. The comparison of the Coulomb sum rules for $^{4}\mathrm{He},^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reported in this work will help elucidate in-medium modifications of the nucleon form factors.
Samenwerken vanuit één plan met persoonlijke doelen

Zorg voor kwetsbare ouderen levert niemand alleen. Het gaat om kwaliteit van leven van de oudere op verschillende levensterreinen en hulpverleners vanuit zorg en welzijn vullen elkaar aan. Tegelijk weet iedere professional dat samenwerken niet altijd gemakkelijk is en dat werkafspraken helpen. De nieuwe LESA Zorg voor kwetsbare ouderen geeft aan hoe de samenwerking tussen huisarts, praktijkverpleegkundige (of praktijkondersteuner) en wijkverpleegkundige vorm krijgt. Met als doel het leveren van geintegreerde, persoonsgerichte zorg: de juiste zorg, op de juiste plaats, door de juiste persoon.
Energy Balance: Lateral Hypothalamus Hoards Food Memories

Summary The lateral hypothalamus is known to drive food consumption during periods of hunger. A new study suggests that the lateral hypothalamus may also participate in the formation and storage of memories about events in the environment that predict the availability of food.
Impact of a clinical pharmacist-managed clinic in primary care mental health integration at a Veterans Affairs health system.

Abstract Introduction: The demand for mental health (MH) services has increased as more veterans seek MH care. At the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Primary Care Mental Health Integration...
The Anaerobic Stress Response and its Use for Studying Gene Expression in Conifers

For many angiosperms, a shift from an aerobic to an anaerobic environment elicits a stress response that involves increased transcription of specific genes. The best known of these genes are those encoding ADH. Adh genes have now been cloned from several angiosperm species and their regulation is being studied. Because of the available information for angiosperms, similar studies in conifers should provide insights into gene regulation in this evolutionarily distinct, commercially important group of woody plants. We have begun our studies using ADH from Pinus radiata. Induction of one of two ADH isozymes can be detected on starch gels within 12 hr after exposure of germinating seedlings to anaerobic conditions. We constructed a cDNA library in the phage vector λgt10 and screened this library using an Adh cDNA clone from corn as a probe. Several clones have been isolated and are being characterized by restriction analysis, filter hybridization, and DNA sequence analysis. Preliminary results show about 70% sequence homology between the pine cDNA clones and the corn Adh cDNA.
Growth and Differentiation of Human Dendritic Cells from CD34+ Progenitors

Several groups originally established the importance of GM-CSF and TNFα in the generation of dendritic cells from CD34+ precursors (1–3), and most investigators have used cord blood as the starting source. Studies from our laboratories confirmed the essential role of these cytokines in supporting bone marrow CD34+-derived dendritic cell growth and differentiation, and the addition of c-kit-ligand facilitated more detailed phenotypic and functional characterization of the dendritic cell progeny than had previously been possible (4).
Detection of ventricular late potentials with signal averaging

High resolution electrocardiography (HRECG) implies the use of techniques which will enhance the ECG to identify potentials not normally seen with standard ECG machines. This can involve increased time and voltage resolution as well as computer processing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Two applications of the HRECG have been to record, noninvasively, the signals from the His-Purkinje system and from diseased regions of the heart involved with arrhythmogenesis. In the latter case it has been shown with direct epicardial and endocardial recordings that viable tissue is present within regions of a myocardial infarction. Slow conduction within the infarct labyrinth is reflected in electrogram recordings as having low amplitude, multiphasic high frequency content, i.e. fractionation. This activity can extend beyond the end of the QRS and has become the focus of HRECG techniques in recent years. Both animal [1-4] and human [5, 6] studies have demonstrated the relationship of these late potentials recorded directly from the myocardium with arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. The focus of this paper will be on the methods and technology for recording the late potentials from the body surface and will not concentrate on the clinical application. Other chapters of this volume will review the clinical application of the HRECG.
Phimosis as a cause of the prune belly syndrome: comparison to a more common pattern of proximal penile urethra obstruction

The pathogenesis of the prune belly syndrome (PBS) remains controversial, but two theories predominate. The first theory supports an obstructive phenomenon early in gestation leading to irreversible damage to the genitourinary tract and abdominal wall. The second theory suggests mesodermal injury between the 6th and 10th weeks of gestation as the primary abnormality. This paper reports of two fetuses with the PBS phenotype that were examined postmortem at our institution. Thorough examination of the lower urinary tract allowed demonstration of anatomic obstruction of the urethra in both cases. One case illustrated a relatively common pattern of proximal penile urethral obstruction, a flap-like obstruction between the prostatic and penile urethra. The other case provided what we believe to be the first description of PBS caused by severe phimosis.
CSR program selection and continuance: The impact of starting points on uncertainties and options

In this paper we explore how starting points for corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, uncertainties regarding program options, and management capabilities can impact the selection and co...
Magnetic properties (Communication arising): Parasitic ferromagnetism in a hexaboride?

The results of Matsubayashi et al. on nominally stoichiometric, CaB6 sintered powders arrive at a conclusion concerning our study1 on ferromagnetism in this and related materials that differs in several ways from the conclusions of ongoing studies of aluminium-flux-grown single crystals (Z.F., S. Nakatsuji, F. Drymiotis, M. Bizimis, S. Yeo, J.D.T., A. Bianchi and H.R.O., unpublished results).
Tax Avoidance and Internal Information Asymmetry

We investigate the impact of a firm’s internal information asymmetry on its tax planning. Firms with more informed lower-level managers are described as having high internal information asymmetry, while those where top-level managers know more are characterized as having low internal information asymmetry. Using differences between top- and division-level managers’ trading profits of their own company’s stock as a proxy for internal information asymmetry, we show that tax avoidance is higher for firms with high information asymmetry. Further, we find the tax savings are greater for geographically dispersed firms, consistent with divisional managers playing a bigger role in key decisions of operationally complex firms. Overall, our study adds to the understanding of divisional managers’ roles. By showing that their information advantage impacts overall tax strategy, we contribute to a burgeoning stream of research which shows divisional managers matter for significant firm outcomes such as valuation and external financial reporting quality.
An Evaluation of An Asynchronous Task Based Dataflow Approach For Uintah

The challenge of running complex physics code on the largest computers available has led to dataflow paradigms being explored. While such approaches are often applied at smaller scales, the challenge of extreme-scale data flow computing remains. The Uintah dataflow framework has consistently used dataflow computing at the largest scales on complex physics applications. At present Uintah contains two main dataflow models. Both are based upon asynchronous communication. One uses a static graph-based approach with asynchronous communication and the other uses a more dynamic approach that was introduced almost a decade ago. Subsequent changes within the Uintah runtime system combined with many more large scale experiments, has necessitated a reevaluation of these two approaches, comparing them in the context of large scale problems. While the static approach has worked well for some large-scale simulations, the dynamic approach is seen to offer performance improvements over the static case for a challenging fluid-structure interaction problem at large scale that involves fluid flow and a moving solid represented using particle method on an adaptive mesh.
Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Update on Histopathology and Molecular Alterations.

Context— Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare, triple-negative carcinoma of the breast that exhibits transformation of part or all of its glandular carcinomatous component into a nonglandular, or metapl...
The Curies - a most remarkable family.

La famille Curie est consideree comme une remarquable famille, tres instruite, avec au total 4 Prix Nobel et 6 titres de Docteur
InSight Entry, Descent and Landing Pre-Flight Performance Predictions

On November 26, 2018, the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) lander successfully touched down on the surface of Mars. Over its seven-plus year development, NASA Langley Research Center’s (LaRC) Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) was used to assess the mission’s Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) vehicle system performance against related requirements across the full range of possible environmental and spacecraft conditions. Much of the simulation code was derived from the Phoenix mission, for which this vehicle is very similar. The InSight six degree-of-freedom simulation included models for Mars atmosphere, gravity and digital elevation maps of the landing location. Additionally, vehicle specific aerodynamic, parachute, engine, navigation sensor, flight software and landing radar models were also included. A set of dispersions for each model, as well as for additional simulation input parameters, were also included in order to provide a statistical, Monte Carlo prediction of the EDL system performance. An overview of the pre-flight performance assessments completed, including the various simulation campaigns used, will be provided. Ultimately, this work was critical in the assessment of readiness for InSight launch. A brief description of the use of this simulation in support of flight operations is also discussed.
Abstract 104: Metabolic Effect of Temperature Manipulation in Healthy Individuals

Introduction: Temperature manipulation to decrease metabolism is commonly after acute brain injury. Preclinical data suggest metabolism decreases 7-8% for each degree C drop in core temperature. We...
COVID-19: A Risk Assessment Perspective

COVID-19 is a newly emerging viral respiratory disease first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 The disease is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which is related to the viruses that cause SARS and MERS While the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 (5%) is far lower than that for SARS (11%) and MERS (34%), COVID-19 is spreading relatively uncontrolled at this time across the globe In contrast, SARS appears to be contained, and MERS is controlled This paper will explore why COVID-19 is able to progress to a global pandemic that affects our daily lives to an extent not known in recent history The COVID-19 outbreak and spread will be examined based on the current literature, using a researcher’s perspective of risk assessment and risk mitigation;this approach will be related to public health
Emerging Treatment Paradigms for EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers Progressing on Osimertinib: A Review

Since its approval in April 2018, osimertinib has been widely adopted as first-line therapy for patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non -small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding osimertinib resistance mechanisms and currently available treatment options are essential to selecting optimal second line therapy for patients whose disease progresses during front-line osimertinib. Using data compiled from 6 osimertinib-resistance series, we describe here the heterogeneous profile of EGFR-dependent and independent mechanisms of osimertinib treatment failure. We identified MET alterations (7%-24%), EGFR C797X (0%-29%), SCLC transformation (2%-15%), and oncogene fusions (1%-10%) as the most common mechanisms of resistance. This review provides an evidence-based, algorithmic approach to the evaluation and management of post-osimertinib progression as well as a compendium of active, enrolling clinical trials for this population.
How insurgency begins : rebel group formation in Uganda and beyond

Part I: Rethinking How Armed Conflicts Begin 1. Introduction 2. A theory of rebel group formation Part II: Uganda and Beyond 3. Context and initial conditions 4. The rebels 5. Civilians 6. The state Part III: Implications 7. Implications for scholarship and policy Appendices References Index.
'We All Need Coins, You Know?': How College Students View Paid Mentorship

Although not a universal practice, many U.S. postsecondary mentoring programs employ paid student mentors as part of a structured student-to-student (peer) mentoring model. However, limited research has explored how student mentees view paid mentorship and if mentees can detect whether their mentor is paid or unpaid through a mentor’s behavior. As a result, this qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with 13 first-year, first-generation mentees of Color attending a predominantly-White institution in the U.S. South to learn how these student mentees view paid mentorship in relation to unpaid, volunteer mentorship. Findings suggest student mentees feel mentors should be paid and that paid mentoring is a financial benefit in contributing to financing a peer’s education. Student mentees also indicated they can detect paid mentors through language usage, the way they conduct themselves in the mentoring relationship, and the way they interact with other mentees. Moreover, student mentees also indicated a mentor’s paid status may influence how they interact with the mentor, distinguishing how volunteer mentors are seen as more caring and compassionate than paid mentors and how paid mentors are viewed as performing mandatory duties, suggesting inauthentic mentor behavior. This paper will address implications for research, practice, and paid and unpaid mentoring praxis.
Art and Ideology: Body Representation in East Asian Art

If culture is the main adaptive mechanism of our species, and cultures—in the plural—its multifarious realization, and if each culture uniquely defines the characteristics of human expressive behavior, then the cross-cultural comparative study of aesthetics should provide useful insights both into the cultural specificity of artistic choices, and the correlation of these choices to cognition in general, and specific ideologies in particular. By analyzing pictorial representations of the human body in three related but distinct cultural settings: China, Korea, and Japan, this paper attempts to identify the process by which cognitive frames and aesthetic canons interact in the molding of artistic production. Such analysis, in turn, may be used to propose a typology of the ideological factors that contribute to the formation of a particular cultural heritage tradition.
Recurrence

Standard compositionality is the doctrine that the semantic content of a compound expression is a function of the semantic contents of the contentful component expressions. In 1954 Hilary Putnam proposed that standard compositionality be replaced by a stricter version according to which even sentences that are synonymously isomorphic (in the sense of Alonzo Church) are not strictly synonymous unless they have the same logical form. On Putnam’s proposal, the semantic content of a compound expression is a function of: (i) the contentful component expressions; and (ii) the expression’s logical form. Kit Fine recently expanded and modified Putnam’s idea into a sweeping theory in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. The present paper is a detailed critique of Fine’s “semantic relationism.” Fine’s notion of coordination is explained in terms of the familiar pragmatic phenomenon of recognition. A serious error in Fine’s formal disproof of standard Millianism is exposed. It is demonstrated furthermore that Church’s original criticism of Putnam’s proposal can be extended to Fine’s semantic relationism. Finally, it is also demonstrated that the positive position Fine proffers to supplant standard Millianism is in fact exactly equivalent to standard Millianism, so that Fine’s overall position not only does not displace standard Millianism but is in fact inconsistent.
Development of Test and Analysis Methods for Thick-Wall, Graphite/Epoxy Filament-Wound Composite Materials Fracture Toughness

Fracture control techniques for full-scale structural articles generally require laboratory test data, analysis of key parameters, and evaluation using fracture mechanics techniques. These parameters, usually fracture toughness or critical strain energy release rate, are often measured for metals and even thin-wall composite materials. However, data on thick-wall composites greater than 25 mm is virtually nonexistent. The Space Shuttle solid rocket booster case is currently designed using D6AC steel. However, considerable weight savings are achieved by using conventional filament-wound composites to replace the steel case The Filament Wound Case (FWC) program is aimed at developing graphite/epoxy composite segments for the Space Shuttle. Each FWC segment is 5.9 to 8.2 m (19.5 to 27.0 ft) in length and 3.7 m (12 ft) in diameter. The thickness of the composite varies from 28 mm (1.12 in.) in the center, or membrane region, to 46 mm (1.8 in.) in the joint region. The layup in the membrane region consists of 11 layers of ′29° helical and 90° hoop fibers with the Hercules AS4-12K graphite and HBRF-55A resin system. In the joint region. 0° broadgoods are inserted to increase strength and stiffness. The joint helical and hoop layers are also Hercules AS4-12K graphite fiber with HBRF-55A resin, while the 0° broadgoods are AS4-12K graphite prepreg with 3501-5A resin. As part of the fracture control program, emphasis was placed on the development of specific test methods to measure pertinent fracture parameters for the thick-wall, filament-wound graphite composite. This paper discusses several of the samples selected and analyzed to date as well as the experimental results derived from full-thickness samples removed from a dissected composite segment Test methods currently include both Mode I and Mode It fracture toughness measurements. Interlaminar fracture toughness and strain energy release rates were determined for both modes using a double cantilever beam and modified rail shear test, respectively. Mode I cross-ply fracture toughness was determined using a wide, double-edge notch specimen. Finite-element analyses were conducted on all of the specimens A J-integral post processor was used to develop corresponding Mode I and Mode II strain energy release rates. The values determined from the thick-wall, filament-wound composites were compared to other data from autoclaved systems reported in the open literature. Problems encountered in testing these thick-wall samples and existing analysis limitations are also discussed.
Tolerance of various biological species to triorganotins

Several triphenyltin chloride picoline N-oxide adducts were synthesized. X-ray studies of triphenyltin chloride 4- picoline N-oxide indicate that the adduct has a distorted trigonal bipyramid (TBP) configuration with the phenyl groups in the equatorial positions and the axial positions being occupied by the 4-picoline N-oxide ligand and chlorine atom. Structures of the other adducts are assumed to be similar based on the IR spectra. Multinuclear NMR studies indicated that the TBP configuration is lost in solution. Screening results of the adducts against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) indicate that the E. coli were more tolerant to the adducts. In addition to the adducts, three other series of triorganotins that incorporated various modified fragments of pyrethroids were also tested against B. subtilis and E. coli. No common order of toxicity was observed for these compounds based on the organic group attached to the tin atom. In addition to the evaluation of the triphenyltin chloride adducts and modified triorganotins against the two bacteria, 12 commercial triorganotins were evaluated against a freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata (B. glabrata). The screening results indicated that the bacteria are more tolerant to the triorganotins than B. glabrata.
Three-dimensional particle-in-cell modeling of relativistic electron beam production and transport for KrF laser pumping

The effects of diode geometry and externally applied magnetic fields on electron beam production and transport for KrF laser pumping has been studied using two and three dimensional particle-in-cell models. The efficiency with which electrons may be transported through the foil support structure depends critically on the size of the openings in the structure as well as the magnitude of the applied magnetic fields. As the electron diodes become larger the current which can be produced becomes limited by the self-magnetic field of the beam. Simulations show the diode current is limited to slightly more than the usual critical current.'' However this electron flow is found to be unstable. The application of strong guide fields not only increases the current from the diode but tends to stabilize the electron beam. 4 refs., 5 figs.
AN INTRODUCTION TO MODEL SELECTION USING PROBABILITY THEORY AS LOGIC

Probability theory as logic is founded on three simple desiderata: that degrees of belief should be represented by real numbers, that one should reason consistently, and that the theory should reduce to Aristotelian logic when the truth values of the hypotheses are known. Because this theory represents a probability as a state of knowledge, not a state of nature, hypotheses such as “The frequency of oscillation of a sinusoidal signal had value ω when the data were taken,” or “Model x is a better description of the data than model y” make perfect sense. Problems of the first type are generally thought of as parameter estimation problems, while problems of the second type are thought of as model selection problems. However, in probability theory there is no essential distinction between these two types of problems. They are both solved by application of the sum and product rules of probability theory. Model selection problems are conceptually more difficult, because the models may have different functional forms. Consequently, conceptual difficulties enter the problem that are not present in parameter estimation. This paper is a tutorial on model selection. The conceptual problems that arise in model selection will be illustrated in such a way as to automatically avoid any difficulties. A simple example is worked in detail. This example, (radar target identification) illustrates all of the points of principle that must be faced in more complex model selection problems, including how to handle nuisance parameters, uninformative prior probabilities, and incomplete sets of models.