cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy study of hysteresis of water and n-alcohol coadsorption on silicon oxide.

The structure and thickness of the binary adsorbate layers formed on silicon oxide exposed in n-propanol/water and n-pentanol/water vapor mixtures under atmospheric pressure and room temperature conditions were investigated using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The ATR-IR spectra of the adsorbate layers were analyzed while the vapor composition was varied stepwise by changing the mixing ratios of (a) n-propanol vapor stream with a 94% relative partial pressure (P/Psat) and 94% P/Psat water stream and (b) 83% P/Psatn-pentanol and 85% P/Psat water streams. The amount of the adsorbed water with solid-like structure in the binary adsorbate layer was larger in successive cycles of the water/alcohol vapor composition change, while n-alcohol showed negligible hysteresis in the amount adsorbed. The hysteresis behavior of the solid-like water structure was amplified in the coadsorption cycles of alcohol and water as compared to the water-only case. The origin of this behavior must be a...
“Someone’s been in the house:” A tale of burglary and trial by media:

This paper examines a case of trial by media revolving around a routine property crime in Hawaii. Trial by media is an emerging concept in crime media research; it illuminates how 21st-century mediascapes facilitate dynamic and interactive representations of crime, which may create spaces for alternative justice processes. Here we examine the impact of one victim’s efforts to identify a house burglar by sharing surveillance photos of the crime itself on the Internet, and the ensuing consequences. We chart how images of this relatively minor property crime circulated on the Internet through social media and eventually became a significant story for local corporate news. We also explore the consequences of this process, both in terms of restorative justice and surveillance research. Specifically, we document the way that social media presents opportunities outside of the criminal justice process for redress of grievances. We also, though, document how social media can create a forum for both racist and hate...
Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners to Low-Level Radioactive Waste Leachate

AbstractHydraulic conductivity was evaluated for eight commercially available geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) permeated with leachate characteristic of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Two of the GCLs (CS and GS) contained conventional sodium bentonite (Na-B). The others contained a bentonite–polymer mixture (CPL, CPH, GPL1, GPL2, and GPH) or bentonite–polymer composite (BPC). All GCLs (except GPL2 and GPH) were permeated directly with two synthetic LLW leachates that are essentially identical, except one has no radionuclides (nonradioactive synthetic leachate, or NSL) and the other has radionuclides (radioactive synthetic leachate, or RSL). Hydraulic conductivities to RSL and NSL were identical. For the CS and GS GCLs, the hydraulic conductivity gradually increased by a factor of 5–25 because divalent cations in the leachate replaced native sodium cations bound to the bentonite. The CPL, GPL1, and GPL2 GCLs with low polymer loading (1....
Differentiation of intercalated cells in developing rat kidney: an immunohistochemical study.

Intercalated cells are present in both the collecting duct, which is derived from the ureteric bud, and the connecting tubule (CNT), which is part of the nephron and thus is developed from the meta...
The Study Development on Food Rapid Microbial Detection Method and Application

From food safety,this paper systematically describe the rapid detection method of microbes in food and its applications,including immunoassay techniques,molecular biology techniques,bio-sensor techniques,protein fingerprinting techniques,fully automated microbial analysis system,etc.
Fracture Mechanism Analysis of Turbine Blades of Feedwater Pump Driven by Steam

The fracture mechanism of turbine blades of feedwater pump driven by steam have been studied by chemical elements analysis,macroscopical analysis,metallographic analysis,SEM analysis and EDS analysis.The results show that the fracture invalidation of turbine blade is high-frequency fatigue.Blade's low plastic value and bad machining precision are major reason for fracture invalidation,steam erosion also speeds up the invalidation of turbine blades.
Preliminary Survey of Health Literacy in the Community Residents of Liuzhou

Objective To investigate the current situation of health literacy among local residents in Liuzhou,and to provide a scientific basis for conducting health education and effectiveness evaluation.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 local residents aged 15-69 years selected by cluster random sampling in Liuzhou.Results The overall level of health literacy of the residents was 8.4%.As for the health-literacy-related aspects such as basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behaviors and health-related skills,the rates were 63.6%,62.9% and 65.5%,respectively.Conclusions The level of health literacy among the residents in Liuzhou is still lower.It is necessary to increase the breadth and depth of health education and improve health literacy of the residents.
Test Analysis and Optimization of RB in Phase II Project of Vietnam VINH TAN Thermal Power Plant

This paper introduces double-inlet and double-outlet coal mill W Flame boiler Runback( Referred to as RB) function test of VINH TAN Thermal Power Plant of Vietnam Phase Ⅱ 2 × 622 MW Unit. It focuses on the analysis of the first and second IDF RB test in the process of problem,and gives the corresponding solutions and logic optimization,thus laying a good foundation for the RB test success. The realization of RB function of the 622 MW unit would improve the operation security coefficient of the unit as well as the economic and social benefits.
Analysis on the Grain Production Characteristics and the Comprehensive Production Capacity of Fujian Province

Main characteristics of grain production in Fujian Province were summarized,and the comprehensive grain production capacity was analyzed by C-D function based on the related data from 2000 to 2012.The grain production characteristics were as follow:the area of arable land is reduced and the contradiction between man and land is sharp;the grain production scale is small and the farmers are aged;the comprehensive productivity declines with little potential;and the infrastructure is weak and the natural disaster is frequent.The constructed grain production model results showed that(1)the sowing area and chemical fertilizer application amount are the most important factors for grain production with positive correlation,whil disaster area and rular labor were negatively affects the grain production,and there was hidden unemployment in rural area;(2)The grain production of Fujian province was at the stage of constant returns to scale.Finally,according to the results,some suggestions,including the improvement of grain producer,strengthening farmland infrastructure,and the innovation of agricultural production technology,were proposed to enhance the grain production capacity of Fujian province.
Imaging Receptor Occupancy by Endogenous Transmitters in Humans

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of measuring neuroreceptor occupancy by endogenous transmitters in the living human brain. The dopaminergic system was chosen because of preclinical data showing significant level of D2 receptor occupancy by dopamine in rodents. The impact of endogenous dopamine on in vivo measurement of D2 receptors in humans was evaluated with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) by comparing the binding potential (BP) of the selective D2 radiotracer [123I]IBZM before and after acute dopamine depletion. Dopamine depletion was achieved by administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT), given orally at a dose of 1 g every 6 hr for 2 days. AMPT increased [123I]IBZM BP by 28 ± 16% (± SD, n = 9). Experiments in rodents suggested that this effect was due to the removal of endogenous dopamine rather than D2 receptor upregulation. Synaptic dopamine concentration was estimated as 45 ± 25 nM, in agreement with values reported in rodents. The amplitude and the variability of the AMPT effect suggested that competition by endogenous dopamine introduces a significant error in measurement of D2 receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography or SPECT. However, these results also imply that D2 receptor imaging coupled with acute dopamine depletion might provide estimates of synaptic dopamine concentration in the living human brain.
Multilevel sequence detection for dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

The atomic force microscope is an instrument that is widely used in fields such as biology, chemistry and medicine for imaging at the atomic level. In this work, we consider a specific mode of AFM usage, known as the dynamic mode where the AFM cantilever probe is forced sinusoidally. In the absence of interaction with the sample being imaged, the cantilever follows a predictable sinusoidal trajectory. The deflection of the cantilever probe changes when it interacts with the sample being imaged and imaging is performed by interpreting these changes. In this work, we present a sequence detection based algorithm that allows for resolving topographic features into one of three possible levels at a fast speed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm via simulation results and by comparing it to a lower bound that is obtained by considering a genie aided detector.
Fish Assemblage Structure and Single Species Occurrence: Valuable Insight into Interspecific Interactions of an Unfamiliar Species

Abstract Conservation of lotic fishes requires consideration of complex patterns among a changing mosaic of fish assemblage structure at multiple spatial scales. Studies have demonstrated the influence of localized competition and predation among stream fishes, but researchers have been largely unable to determine to what extent interspecific interactions act to control fish assemblage structure. Recent declines to geographic range and abundance of Plains Topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus (Cope)) have been anecdotally attributed to altered fish assemblages and potential competitive or predatory associations; however, important species interactions have yet to be identified. Variation among fish assemblage structure at 473 locations known to historically support Plains Topminnow was described in Nebraska to demonstrate the role of assemblage dynamics in regulating species occurrence. Nonrandom patterns of fish assemblage composition in terms of Plains Topminnow persistence were apparent statewide, and multiple...
A Concise Theory of Action Consciousness

Based on the discussion of the need for history didactics to play an active role in helping society resist tyranny and based on the review of previous theoretical and empirical Geschichtsbewusstsein research in regard to modern German dictatorships, my two main conclusions so far are that (1) the notion of action consciousness is an important construct that should be incorporated into the research of historical consciousness; and (2) that, to my knowledge, no targeted research attempt has been made as of yet to include such action component in the conceptual discourse and to comprehensively assess the importance of Aktionsbewusstsein as part of Geschichtsbewusstsein. The objectives of this chapter are to propose a framework of action consciousness as an integral dimension of historical consciousness, discuss the main factors that impact Aktionsbewusstsein, and attempt to link the concept of action consciousness in the context of historical thinking with political action.
Understanding the microstructures of triangular defects in 4H-SiC homoepitaxial

Abstract Triangular defects are frequently observed in 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers and their existence is reported to greatly degrade the performance of corresponding p-n junction diodes. Regarding the formation mechanisms of these defects, there have been a few models postulated before, which will be briefly reviewed here. In this study, we have observed a significant number of triangular defects in a 150mm n - /n + commercial 4H-SiC homoepitaxial wafer using Nomarski Microscopy and Synchrotron X-ray topography (SXRT). The observed defects show varying morphology and complexity. In order to investigate their complex microstructures and gain insight on the formation mechanism, selected triangular defects were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Results confirm that all the triangular defects have a 3C-SiC nature. In addition, { 1 1 1 } twins and double positioning boundaries (DPBs) were frequently observed inside the triangular defects. Based on these observations, a model has been developed to interpret the formation mechanism of these defects. In this model, the introduction of downfall particle during epitaxy creates a large triangular on-axis terrace, on which 3C-SiC crystals nucleate 2-dimensionally and grow under no constraint, eventually overgrown by 4H-SiC growth steps.
Bridging two streams of office design research: A comparison of design/behavior and management journal articles from 1980-2001.

A substantial body of research generated in the design/behavior fields identifies an association between the design of the physical work environment and worker behavior outcomes . However, this association and its managerial implications have seldom been explored in the management literature. This paper asks whether this limited attention can be explained by the content of research produced in the design/behavior stream that is, whether the variables and analytic techniques differ from those of interest in the management stream. The extent of research interest overlap is identified by comparing articles on corporate office environments that have appeared over the past 20 years in top design/behavior and management journals. Findings suggest that research interests are not mutually exclusive. While some differences were found, there are several similarities in terms of content emphasis within each dimension considered. This paper opens a new area of research in the fields of management and design/behavior and is the first empirical study on work environment research trends. Important contributions include the framework for categorizing workplace research, the unification of 20 years of fragmented research on corporate workplace environments into a data set available for further study, the identification of areas of research content overlap and divergence flags areas that have tended to be overlooked within each research stream, and suggestions for both potential areas of immediate scholarly cross fertilization and future directions for scholars seeking to establish bridges between these two research communities.
SoMe and Self Harm: The Use of Social Media in Depressed and Suicidal Youth

Increased access and use of social media on smartphones and tablets have changed interpersonal communication styles. Because of the ease of social media access and the ability to reach a large number of individuals, social media is an ever more important modality that connects individuals. Importantly, adolescents have adopted social media platforms to discuss issues related to mental health. There is little existing data regarding how adolescents who are depressed or suicidal use social media prior to treatment in the emergency department (ED) for medical care of their psychiatric illness. In this paper, we present formative evidence of social media behaviors in 29 adolescents seeking emergency care for depression or suicidal ideation. Participants were surveyed regarding social media use and motivations to post content regarding depression, death or dying. Among the participants who allowed the research team to view their social media accounts, 40% (n=6) posted content related to depression, death or dying, while 20% (n=3) wrote that they felt depressed and 13.3% (n=2) posted that they wanted to die. Qualitative discussions with participants provided description of reasons for posting content on social media about depression, death and dying, or reasons that individuals refrained from posting online. Despite methodological and technical challenges in research, social media may prove be valuable in detection and intervention of adolescents who are depressed and contemplating suicide.
Spaces of Functions with Bounded and Vanishing Mean Oscillation

We study generalized Campanato spaces and its vanishing subspaces. Our main interest is the connection between the geometry of the domain and the relation of the Campanato spaces to convenient HOlder spaces. We define the vanishing subspace, an analogue of VMO, and study its properties. In particular, we characterize compact subsets of VMO.
The relationship between social capital and self-rated health: A gendered analysis of 17 European countries.

Abstract Background Women live longer than men, but they report worse self-rated health. Using data from 17 European countries, we sought to test whether gender differences in social capital could account for the male/female gap in self-rated health. Methods We used the first release of the 8th European Social Survey which includes information about individuals’ social networks, participation in social groups, trust in institutions, and sense of belonging. Multilevel Poisson regression models were performed, regressing fair/poor self-rated health on social capital dimensions. Results Stronger social integration was associated with lower prevalence of fair/poor health for both men and women, with the exception of religious involvement and meeting socially with relatives, friends or colleagues. For women, the presence of people with whom to discuss personal and intimate matters was protective for fair/poor self-rated health (prevalence ratio: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–1.00), whereas for men participation in political parties or action groups was most protective (PR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73–0.90). When comparing across types of welfare state regimes, citizens of Eastern European countries reported lower levels of participation in social activities, institutional trust and sense of belonging. Conclusion We observed gender differences in the specific dimensions of social capital that were correlated with self-rated health. However social capital did not explain the gender gap in fair/poor self-rated health.
Fabrication and Characterization of CoFe 2 O 4 and MnFe 2 O 4 Nanomagnetic Thin Films for RF Applications

In order to have magnetic films with better radio frequency (RF) properties that can be utilized in a wide range of microwave devices and circuits, such as frequency selective limiters, tunable filters, and antennas, this paper presents the fundamental studies on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of magnetic nanoparticles, the fabrication process of the magnetic nanoparticle films, and the scattering parameters measurement results of the magnetic nanoparticle films on a microstrip RF line. We explore the FMR profiles of various magnetic nanoparticles and their corresponding magnetic susceptibilities. Two novel methods, the layer-by-layer (LbL) process and the solution cast (SC) method, are proposed to deposit cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) on soda-lime glass substrates to fabricate magnetic films with various thicknesses (2.5– $125~\mu \text{m}$ ). In addition, a 3-D printed RF transmission line integrating the magnetic film is used to test the effect of the magnetic nanoparticles. By comparing the measured group delays of microstrip lines with different films, we can obtain some insights into the relationship of the magnetic film thickness, types of magnetic materials, deposition methods, and the amount of the group delay. Specifically, thicker films result in higher group delay, and the SC method is more efficient in fabricating thicker films than the LbL process. The fill factor of these two methods, however, shows that the LbL process generates higher particle loading in the films, while the SC films have considerably more organic binders inside to maintain them. Given the same film thickness, manganese ferrite nanoparticles bring higher group delay than the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. This paper proposes new methods of fabricating thicker nanomagnetic films and explores the characterization of different magnetic materials with various film thicknesses. It, therefore, paves the way for fabricating monolithic microwave devices and circuits utilizing nanomagnetic materials.
CT-based radiogenomic signature to identify isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 mutations in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

4081Background: IDH1/2 mutations have a high prevalence (20%) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and can be associated with therapeutic benefit from IDH inhibitors. Radiomics, a developing f...
Simultaneous estimation of partitioned FeNO sources and airway dimensions with tidal breath data

Introduction: Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker for airway inflammation, with standard assessment performed at a fixed exhalation rate of 50 ml/s. Extended protocols with multiple exhalations at different rates enable partitioning FeNO into parameters CANO and CawNO, corresponding to distal alveolar and proximal airway wall NO sources (resp.). A recent dynamic approach (Muchmore, P. et al. Phys Rep 2017; 5(15), e13276) accommodates continuously varying exhalation rates, as during tidal breathing, and airway dimensions are explicitly modeled. Aims: Assess the feasibility of simultaneously estimating FeNO parameters and airway dimensions from tidal data. Methods: 25 study subjects performed 60 seconds of tidal breathing, with online FeNO measured using the ECO MEDICS ANALYZER CLD88 with DENOX 88 attachment. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm CANO, CawNO and airway length were estimated from these data. Results: Estimates for 18 subjects are illustrated in the accompanying figure; for the other 7 the algorithm did not converge after 10,000 iterations. Conclusions: In 72% of cases simultaneous estimation of CANO, CawNO and airway dimensions was straightforward. Estimation for the other 28% proved more difficult, possibly due to inadequacy of their data or inadequacy of the model to describe their physiology. Efforts to improve data collection and develop more realistic physiological models are ongoing.
Functional properties of marinated chicken breast meat during heating in a pilot-scale radio-frequency oven

Chicken breast meat is traditionally marinated to improve tenderness and juiciness. However, a significant amount of marinade is purged during cooking. It was envisioned that preheating of marinate...
THE IMPACT OF FRAILTY ON EARLY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFTER TRANSCATHETER TRICUSPID VALVE REPAIR: AN ANALYSIS OF WEARABLE ACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE CLASP TR EARLY FEASIBILITY STUDY

The PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) achieves transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr) without open-heart surgery. This study evaluates the early impact of TTVr on physical activity among frail and non-frail patients in the CLASP TR Early Feasibility
107-LB: Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MK-1092 in Healthy Subjects (HS)

Background: MK-1092, a first-in-class insulin receptor partial agonist, is being developed as a novel basal insulin for patients with T1DM and T2DM. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to assess safety and tolerability of single subcutaneous (SC) doses of MK-1092 in HS. Secondary objectives were to estimate PK profiles, to determine the maximal glucose infusion rate (GIRmax) required to maintain target glucose levels during euglycemic clamp conditions and to explore the glycemic effect of insulin lispro when added to a single dose of MK-1092 in HS. Methods: In part 1 of this single-site study, 5 cohorts of HS (n=8/cohort) were blinded and randomized (3:1) to receive MK-1092 (4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 nmol/kg) or glargine (3 nmol/kg [0.5 units/kg]). Subjects received single SC doses of MK-1092 or glargine and placebo matched to the alternative active treatment under euglycemic clamp conditions. Part 2 of the study was started once a safe and tolerated MK-1092 dose that achieved GIRmax ~1-2 mg/kg/min was identified in Part 1. In the open-label part 2 of the study, 4 HS received lispro (1.2 nmol/kg [0.2 units/kg], IV) approximately 12 hr after a single SC dose of MK-1092 (8 nmol/kg) to confirm high dose lispro could reduce hyperglycemia (defined as GIRmax > 4mg/kg/min) after MK-1092 dosing. Results: All doses tested were safe and well tolerated. There were no SAEs and no discontinuations due to AEs. AEs were mild or moderate and resolved spontaneously. The geometric mean of apparent terminal t1/2 ranged from 5.4 to 9.3 hr, Tmax ranged from 12 to 18 hr, AUC0-∞ ranged from 10.6 to 161 nM*hr and Cmax ranged from 0.38 to 6.82 nM at 4 to 64 nmol/kg MK-1092. Mean GIRmax for glargine was 2.72 mg/kg/min and 0.92, 1.69, 3.10, 3.32 and 4.39 mg/kg/min for 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 nmol/l MK-1092, respectively. Adding lispro to 8.0 nmol/kg MK-1092 resulted in a mean GIRmax of 11.34 mg/kg/min. Conclusion: Single doses of MK-1092 are well-tolerated and lower glucose in healthy subjects. Disclosure L. Morrow: Employee; Spouse/Partner; Lilly Diabetes. Employee; Self; ProSciento. M. Grimm: None. C. Beysen: Employee; Self; ProSciento. G. Walford: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. K. Duncan: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. P.K. Mitra: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Bristol-Myers Squibb. P. Vaddady: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. M. Hompesch: Board Member; Self; ProSciento. Employee; Self; ProSciento. Stock/Shareholder; Self; ProSciento.
Incorporation of Stress Time Dependence into Failure Projection Modeling of Corroding Bridge Post-Tensioning Tendons

Post-tensioning (PT) has evolved to become an important technology for designing long span bridge structures. However, tendon failures resulting from wire/strand corrosion have been reported as ear...
Levi Strauss & Co.: The South Zarzamora Street Plant (a)

Peter Thigpen, senior vice president of operations at Levi Strauss & Co., must decide whether to close a large plant in Texas and transfer production to the Caribbean. The case describes the company and industry background and the factors involved in the decision. Subsequent cases (B, C, and D) describe the decision Thigpen made and the results it had. Excerpt UVA-OB-0427 Rev. Dec. 18, 2012 LEVI STRAUSS & CO.: THE SOUTH ZARZAMORA STREET PLANT (A) In December 1989, Peter Thigpen, senior vice president of operations for Levi Strauss & Co., (Levi's) faced a major decision as he sat in his office at Levi's headquarters, a low-rise complex located near San Francisco Bay. Thigpen had received a memo dated November 30 from Bruce Stallworth—Levi's operations controller—that recommended closing a Levi's plant on South Zarzamora Street in San Antonio, Texas, and transferring production to the Caribbean. Although closing the plant would cost $ 13.5 million, Stallworth believed it would ultimately yield significant cost reductions in terms of production, labor, and workers' compensation. But the prospect of closing the Zarzamora plant raised some very troublesome issues for Thigpen. For example, closing the plant would mean laying off more than 1,000 workers, many of whom could not leave the area due to family concerns or who were semiskilled and therefore would find it difficult to find jobs elsewhere. In addition, Levi's operated two other plants in San Antonio, and closing the Zarzamora plant could threaten the sense of job security among workers at those plants, thereby dampening their motivation, enthusiasm, and commitment. Perhaps the most salient concern resulted from a recent visit by Max Cohen, vice president of field operations, to the Zarzamora plant. During his visit, Cohen had told the workers that their jobs were secure, and that rumors of a plant closing were untrue. Closing the plant after this announcement would almost certainly be viewed as a major breach of trust, which directly contradicted the culture Levi's had carefully nurtured for over a century. The Apparel Industry The U.S. apparel industry consisted of manufacturing operations that cut and assembled fabrics for clothing and other garments. Raw materials were purchased from textile mills, and finished garments were sold to retailers, wholesalers, and other customer outlets. In 1988, the industry produced $ 63 billion of shipped goods and employed over one million workers, 85% of whom were engaged in direct production. While the dollar value of apparel production accounted for only 2% of all goods manufactured in the United States, the industry employed 7% of all manufacturing employees, making the apparel industry one of the most labor intensive in the country. . . .
Electromigration Mechanisms of Solder Joints with Limited Sn Volume in Advanced Electronic Packaging

Electromigration (EM) of Cu/Solder/Ni/Cu and Cu/Solder/Cu joints are studied. Both solder systems have limited Sn volumes that they can all form full IMC joints under EM before UBMs are fully consumed. EM induced cathode side IMC voiding can be found in Cu/Solder/Ni/Cu system for both electron wind directions, but no such voiding in Cu/Solder/Cu system. The voiding mechanism is believed to be Sn flux divergence induced Sn/IMC interface voiding before full IMC joints are formed. No such mechanism happens in Cu/Solder/Cu system because it has less solder volume, which makes top and bottom IMC merging earlier than EM induced Sn/IMC voiding. EM also cause fast cathode side UBM dissolution. The dissolved cathode side UBMs, including Cu and Ni, diffuse toward anode side to react with Sn forming IMCs. When Ni/Cu UBM is on cathode side, the full IMC joints are mixture of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4; when Cu UBM is on cathode side, the full IMC joint is mainly Cu6Sn5 IMC for both systems. Cu3Sn IMC can always be seen between Cu and Cu6Sn5 based IMC. Abnormal Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5 separation during EM can also be found when contamination is present at the interface.
Emotion Regulation in Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Guide

1. Why Is Emotion Regulation Important? 2. Emotional Schema Therapy 3. Validation 4. Identification and Refutation of Emotion Myths 5. Mindfulness 6. Acceptance and Willingness 7. Compassionate Mind Training 8. Enhancing Emotional Processing 9. Cognitive Restructuring 10. Stress Reduction 11. Conclusions Appendix. Reproducible Forms
A portable expression resource for engineering cross-species genetic circuits and pathways

Genetic circuits and metabolic pathways can be reengineered to allow organisms to process signals and manufacture useful chemicals. However, their functions currently rely on organism-specific regulatory parts, fragmenting synthetic biology and metabolic engineering into host-specific domains. To unify efforts, here we have engineered a cross-species expression resource that enables circuits and pathways to reuse the same genetic parts, while functioning similarly across diverse organisms. Our engineered system combines mixed feedback control loops and cross-species translation signals to autonomously self-regulate expression of an orthogonal polymerase without host-specific promoters, achieving nontoxic and tuneable gene expression in diverse Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Combining 50 characterized system variants with mechanistic modelling, we show how the cross-species expression resource's dynamics, capacity and toxicity are controlled by the control loops' architecture and feedback strengths. We also demonstrate one application of the resource by reusing the same genetic parts to express a biosynthesis pathway in both model and non-model hosts.
How do Incumbents Respond to the Threat of Entry on Their Networks? Evidence from the Major Airlines

This paper examines how incumbents respond to the threat of entry of competitors, as distinguished from their response to competitors' actual entry. It uses a case study from the passenger airline industry specifically, the evolution of Southwest Airlines' route network - to identify particular routes where the probability of future entry rises abruptly. When Southwest begins operating in airports on both sides of a route but not the route itself, this dramatically raises the chance they will start flying that route in the near future. We examine the pricing of the incumbents on threatened routes in the period surrounding such events. We find that incumbents cut fares significantly when threatened by Southwest's entry into their routes. This is true even after controlling in several ways for airport-specific operating costs. The response of incumbents seems to be limited only to the threatened route itself, and not to routes out of nearby competitor airports where Southwest does not operate (e.g., fares drop on routes from Chicago Midway but not Chicago O'Hare). The largest responses appear to be restricted to routes that were concentrated beforehand. Incumbents do experience short-run increases in their passenger loads concurrent with these fare cuts. This is consistent with theories implying incumbents will try to generate some longer-term loyalty among current customers before the entry of a new competitor. We examine evidence relating this demand-building motive to frequent flyer programs and find suggestive evidence in favor of this notion. There is only weak evidence that incumbents increase capacity on the routes.
C-MEMS and C-NEMS

Our work in carbon-microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) suggests that C-MEMS might provide a very interesting material and microfabrication solution to the battery miniaturization problem, active DNA arrays and a wide variety of chemical and biological sensors. We established that it is possible to use C-MEMS to create very high aspect ratio carbon structures (e.g. posts with an aspect ratio > 10), suspended carbon plates and suspended carbon nano-wires (CNEMS). In C-MEMS, photoresist is patterned by photolithography and subsequently pyrolyzed at high temperatures in an oxygen free environment. By changing the lithography conditions, soft and hard baking time and temperature, additives to the resist , pyrolysis time, temperature and environment, C-MEMS permits a wide variety of interesting new MEMS and NEMS applications that employ structures having a wide variety of shapes, resistivity and mechanical properties. From the manufacturing and materials point of view the advantages of using photoresists as the starting material for carbon electrodes include the fact that photoresists can be patterned by photolithography techniques resulting in much finer features than possible with the more traditional silkscreening of carbon inks, and, since photoresists are very controlled and reproducible materials, more reproducible carbon electrode behavior can be expected. In earlier work, we demonstrated that photoresistderived carbon electrodes show excellent electrochemical kinetics comparable to that of glassy carbon for selected electrochemical reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. Here we will demonstrate that arrays of high aspect ratio carbon posts can be charged discharged with Li and that this enables the fabrication of a smart switchable array of batteries (each individual battery is called a baxel). We will also show that C-MEMS can be used in DNA micro-arrays and in a wide variety of novel electrochemical sensors.
DISPENSER OF THE MERCY OF THE GOVERNMENT: Pardons, Justice, and Felony Disenfranchisement

I argue that the aporetic character of clemency must be understood in terms of its unmerited and merited character to achieve the underlying purposes of justice within criminal justice: justice as fairness (punishment must be deserved and proportionate) and justice as restoration (repair of the harm to victims and society and the reintegration of offenders) are paramount goals. Rather than destabilizing political order, pardons can render productive potential tensions between justice as fairness and justice as restoration. Taking as my conceptual point of departure Paul Ricoeur's claims about the suprajuridical and supraethical character of pardon, I develop the argument through three central sections: an excursus into historical and contemporary practices of clemency in the United States; a critical analysis of the merited and unmerited aspects of clemency with respect to remorse and atonement theories within theological and legal discourse; and a normative engagement with pardons and felony disenfranchisement.
Nitrogen-Containing and Carbohydrate-Containing Antigen from Actinomyces bovis

Pirtle, E. C. (National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, Iowa), P. A. Rebers, and W. W. Weigel. Nitrogen-containing and carbohydrate-containing antigen from Actinomyces bovis. J. Bacteriol. 89:880-888. 1965.-Water-soluble, heat-stable antigens have been isolated from the supernatant fluids of broth cultures of Actinomyces bovis ATCC 10048 after 8 days of growth in a broth medium composed of Casamino Acids, yeast extract, Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), sodium thioglycolate, dextrose, and sodium chloride. The antigens were precipitated from the culture supernatant fluid with alcohol and purified by fractional precipitation with alcohol in the presence of calcium or zinc and by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex. Two serologically active substances which differed in chemical composition and size were characterized. The larger one contained 71% hexose and 2.8% nitrogen, and the smaller one contained 45% hexose and 5.4% nitrogen. Heterogeneity of these fractions could not be demonstrated by electrophoresis in free solution at pH 7.8 or 2, by ultracentrifugal analysis, by double diffusion in agar, or by immunoelectrophoresis. Despite their differences in chemical composition and size, they appeared identical in activity as antigens in complement fixation and in double-diffusion tests in agar. Each was found to contain mannose as its chief component after hydrolysis and paper chromatography with three solvent systems. A small percentage of the total nitrogen may be attributed to the presence of amino sugars but the remainder is as yet unidentified.
Aromatic oxidations by Streptomyces griseus: Biotransformations of naphthalene to 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone

Abstract Streptomyces griseus NRRL 8090 catalyzed the biotransformation of naphthalene ( 1 ) to 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone ( 4 ) in good yield. The bioconversion pathway from 1 to 1-naphthol ( 2 ) and 1-tetralone ( 3 ) was surmised by feeding 2 and 3 as substrates and measuring 4 formation by gas chromatography. Tetralin and 1, 4-naphthoquinone were not biotransformed by S. griseus . 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (5 ) was converted to 2-methyl-4-hydroxytetralone ( 6 ) while 2-methylnaphthalene was not a substrate for S. griseus. All products were isolated by solvent extraction, chromatographically purified and characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Unlike previous work in fungi, 4 is the major naphthalene metabolite, and the pathway for S. griseus conversion of naphthalene is different.
Highly stable amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors on clear plastic

Hydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated on clear plastic with highly stable threshold voltages. When operated at a gate field of 2.5×105V∕cm, the threshold voltage shift extrapolated to only ∼1.2V after ten years. This stability is achieved by a high deposition temperature for the gate silicon nitride insulator which reduces charge trapping and high hydrogen dilution during a-Si:H growth to reduce defect creation in a-Si:H. This gate field of 2.5×105V∕cm is sufficient to drive phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) at a brightness of 1000Cd∕m2. The half-life of the TFT current is over ten years, slightly longer than the luminescence half-life of high quality green OLEDs.
Fascin expression in 90 patients with glioblastoma multiforme

Fascin is a protein that serves to aggregate F actin into bundles that rearrange the cytoskeleton and promote cellular motility. Fascin has been linked to the invasive behavior of some tumors. Fascin immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 90 glioblastoma multiforme, including 53 males and 37 females (mean age, 58.3 years). All patients had tumors that demonstrated positive fascin staining. Nineteen tumors showed more than 75% positive staining tumor cells, 14 tumors had more than 50% to 75% staining, 23 tumors had more than 25% to 50% staining, 26 tumors had more than 5% to 25% staining, and 8 tumors had less than 5% staining. In comparison, 9 of 11 low-grade astrocytomas had 50% or less staining for fascin. Eight of 10 anaplastic astrocytomas had more than 50% fascin staining. All gliomas studied expressed fascin by immunohistochemistry. Higher grade tumors generally expressed a greater degree of fascin staining. There was no obvious correlation with the extent of staining and survival among glioblastoma multiforme. Fascin may play a role in tumor cell infiltration.
Solitary necrotizing granulomas of the lung: differentiating features and etiology

The clinical and pathologic features of 86 roentgenographically solitary pulmonary granulomas were reviewed to determine etiology and to provide guidelines for histologic evaluation. Fungal or acid-fast organisms were identified within the tissue in 60 cases (70%) and fragments of a helminth were found in one. The organisms were almost always present in the center of necrotic granulomas, and examination of two blocks containing active granulomas was usually sufficient for their identification. Microbiological cultures were less productive than direct examination of the tissue. In 25 cases an infectious etiology could not be identified: two were diagnosed as hyalinizing granuloma, one as Wegener's granulomatosis, and 22 were not further classified. A prominent overlapping spectrum of histologic features was found between infectious granulomas and Wegener's granulomatosis, suggesting that the latter may represent an abnormal immune response to an infectious agent that is no longer identifiable within the tissue. Caution is urged in diagnosing limited Wegener's granulomatosis and other pulmonary angiitides in patients with roentgenographically solitary granulomas.
Choline transporter gene variation is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a critical role in brain circuits mediating motor control, attention, learning and memory. Cholinergic dysfunction is associated with multiple brain disorders including Alzheimer’s Disease, addiction, schizophrenia and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The presynaptic choline transporter (CHT, SLC5A7) is the major, rate-limiting determinant of ACh production in the brain and periphery and is consequently upregulated during tasks that require sustained attention. Given the contribution of central cholinergic circuits to the control of movement and attention, we hypothesized that functional CHT gene variants might impact risk for ADHD. We performed a case-control study, followed by family-based association tests on a separate cohort, of two purportedly functional CHT polymorphisms (coding variant Ile89Val (rs1013940) and a genomic SNP 3’ of the CHT gene (rs333229), affording both a replication sample and opportunities to reduce potential population stratification biases. Initial genotyping of pediatric ADHD subjects for two purportedly functional CHT alleles revealed a 2–3 fold elevation of the Val89 allele (n = 100; P = 0.02) relative to healthy controls, as well as a significant decrease of the 3’SNP minor allele in Caucasian male subjects (n = 60; P = 0.004). In family based association tests, we found significant overtransmission of the Val89 variant to children with a Combined subtype diagnosis (OR = 3.16; P = 0.01), with an increased Odds Ratio for a haplotype comprising both minor alleles. These studies show evidence of cholinergic deficits in ADHD, particularly for subjects with the Combined subtype, and, if replicated, may encourage further consideration of cholinergic agonist therapy in the disorder.
Characterization of a microsomal fraction from rabbit parotid gland: Partial separation of alkaline phosphatase from Na+,K+-ATPase

Abstract Subfractionation of the 140,000 gmax pellet from the rabbit parotid gland revealed 3 fractions. Both linear and discontinuous sucrose-density gradients were used to separate a region of high-density particles with considerable mitochondria, a middle region rich in Na+,K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase) and a low-density (top) region with elevated alkaline phosphatase. The top and middle fractions appeared to represent subfractions of plasma-membrane enriched membranes. Treatment of these 2 gradient fractions with low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate confirmed that the middle fraction was preferentially enriched in Na+,K+-ATPase. Thus, alkaline phosphatase-enriched membranes are at least partially separable from Na+,K+-ATPase-enriched membranes. Separation of alkaline phosphatase from Na+,K+-ATPase may be an important purification step in future work involving isolation of plasma membranes of secretory cells, as both alkaline phosphatase and Na+,K+-ATPase have been used as plasma-membrane markers in the parotid gland. The present findings demonstrate that considerable caution should be exercised in defining the purity of plasma-membrane fractions from the parotid gland in view of the heterogeneity of the plasma-membrane enriched fraction.
FASE: a software engineering, education, training and professional issues publication

FASE (pronounced like "phase"), the Forum for Advancing Software engineering Education, was started in 1991 by members of the software engineering education community in order to have a electronic forum for the dissemination and discussion of events related to software engineering education. The original acronym for FASE was Forum for Academic Software Engineering, but was subsequently changed so that it was more inclusive to industrial and government training issues (which led to a co-editor in that area). In recent years, FASE has also covered a wide variety of professional issues (e.g. licensing, certification, ethics, body of knowledge, and accreditation), which has also led to the addition of yet another co-editor for this area.FASE is an independently-published newsletter, not affiliated with ACM, IEEE-CS or any other organization. As of October 2000, 129 issues have been published. Since August 1997, FASE has been published monthly, and is released on the 15th of each month in ASCII format. FASE has several hundred subscribers in over 50 countries and provinces. There is also a FASE-TALK discussion list.The FASE web page is at http://www.cs.ttu.edu/fase. It contains subscription information, article submission guidelines, and an archive of all FASE issues and FASE-TALK postings to date.The FASE Staff: Thomas B. Hilburn, Academic Editor Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDavid Carter, Corporate/Government Editor Independent ConsultantDonald J. Bagert, P.E., Professional Issues Editor Texas Tech UniversityLaurie Werth, Advisory Committee Member The University of Texas at AustinNancy Mead, Advisory Committee Member Software Engineering Institute
CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORY OF THE STRUCTURE OF GASEOUS DETONATION WAVES

Exact solutions to equations governing velocity, temperature, and pressure distributions in gaseous detonation waves - gas dynamics