cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two- and Three-Dimensional Urban Core Determinants of the Urban Heat Island: A Statistical Approach

There is no doubt that the UHI (urban heat island) is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to the energy retention by surface dense building materials, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. Much of the earlier research on the UHI has used two-dimensional (2-D) information, such as land uses and the distribution of vegetation. In the case of homogeneous land uses, it is possible to predict surface temperatures with reasonable accuracy with 2-D information. However, three-dimensional (3-D) information is necessary to analyze more complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with 2-D urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. The research includes the following stages: (1) estimating urban temperature; (2) developing a 3-D city model; (3) generating geometric parameters; and (4) conducting statistical analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models. The implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies aiming to reduce the UHI.
New Guidelines for Assessment of Malnutrition in Adults: Obese Critically Ill Patients

Recently released recommendations for detection and documentation of malnutrition in adults in clinical practice define 3 types of malnutrition: starvation related, acute disease or injury related, and chronic disease related. The first 2 are more easily recognized, but the third may be more often unnoticed, particularly in obese patients. Critical care patients tend to be at high risk for malnutrition and thus require a thorough nutritional assessment. Compared with patients of earlier times, intensive care unit patients today tend to be older, have more complex medical and comorbid conditions, and often are obese. Missed or delayed detection of malnutrition in these patients may contribute to increases in hospital morbidity and longer hospital stays. Critical care nurses are in a prime position to screen patients at risk for malnutrition and to work with members of the interprofessional team in implementing nutritional intervention plans.
Role of PPARα in the attenuation of bile acid-induced apoptosis by omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cultured hepatocytes.

Role of PPARα in the attenuation of bile acid-induced apoptosis by omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cultured hepatocytes
Influence of Morphine on Intestinal Activity in Experimental Obstruction.

ConclusionsMorphine increases the intestinal tone and peristaltic activity of the obstructed intestine of the dog. Loud intestinal borborygmi which may be heard with the stethoscope early in intestinal obstruction are not silenced by the administration of morphine.
Sentential influences on acoustic-phonetic processing: A Granger causality analysis of multimodal imaging data.

ABSTRACTSentential context influences the way that listeners identify phonetically ambiguous or perceptual degraded speech sounds. Unfortunately, inherent inferential limitations on the interpretation of behavioural or BOLD imaging results make it unclear whether context influences perceptual processing directly, or acts at a post-perceptual decision stage. In this paper, we use Kalman-filter enabled Granger causation analysis of MRI-constrained MEG/EEG data to distinguish between these possibilities. Using a retrospective probe verification task, we found that sentential context strongly affected the interpretation of words with ambiguous initial voicing (e.g. DUSK-TUSK). This behavioural context effect coincided with increased influence by brain regions associated with lexical representation on regions associated with acoustic-phonetic processing. These results support an interactive view of sentence context effects on speech perception.
Group therapy, individual therapy, or both?

(1982). Group Therapy, Individual Therapy, or Both? International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 267-282.
Occupational health effects of nonionizing radiation.

Nonionizing radiation includes electromagnetic energy distributed as near-ultraviolet and visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio frequencies, and very low frequency and extremely low frequency alternating electric and magnetic fields, and almost every member of modern society is exposed to it in some form. Usually the intensity of exposure is low in the general population but can be greatly increased in the workplace. The forms of nonionizing radiation are described and their physical characteristics, occupational sources, biologic effects, and exposure criteria are delineated.90 references.
SU-F-J-69: The Dosimetric Impact of Interfraction Anorectum and Bladder Variability in Prostate Radiation Therapy

Purpose: In the era of dose escalation and numerous protocols evaluating radiation delivery to the prostate, it is imperative to achieve accurate and standardized daily set up. At the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, patients are instructed to drink 8 ounces of water 30 minutes prior to RT and follow a low residue diet to ensure that the anorectum is not distended and the bladder is adequately filled. If daily CBCT imaging shows any variation, the patient is removed from the table and drinks water or evacuates their rectum prior to a repeat CBCT. Here we attempt to quantify the efficacy of this procedure. Methods: CBCTs were collected for 5 patients receiving 40 fractions of definitive treatment for prostate cancer. CBCTs were imported into MIM (v6.5.7, Cleveland OH) and the bladder, anorectum, and prostate were contoured. Using the daily registration reviewed by the attending physician, the planning dose was rigidly transferred to the daily CBCT. On days that multiple CBCTs were performed due to inadequate anorectum or bladder preparation, the repeated and final CBCTs were evaluated for variations in V40Gy and V65Gy to both the anorectum and bladder. Results: A high level of variability in doses to the anorectum and bladder was found in the scans that were not utilized for treatment. The aggregate lower quartile for the unused versus used CBCTs was 27.2% vs. 16.83% for V40Gy and 8.53% vs. 5.66% for V65Gy bladder. The upper quartiles showed to be 48.88% vs. 41.92% and 21.05% vs. 20.55%. The combined lower quartile for the unused vs. used CBCTs was 8.24% vs. 5.49% for V40Gy and 0.57% vs. 0.0% for V65Gy anorectum. The upper quartiles were 34.35% vs. 33.25% and 18.37% vs. 16.11%. Conclusion: This study shows that daily imaging is insufficient and that proper bladder and anorectum preparation are essential to deliver proper treatment.
Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013

Background It is unclear whether racial/ethnic and income differences in foods and beverages obtained from stores contribute to disparities in caloric intake over time. Objective We sought to determine whether there are disparities in calories obtained from store-bought consumer packaged goods (CPGs), whether brands (name brands compared with private labels) matter, and if disparities have changed over time. Design We used NHANES individual dietary intake data among households with children along with the Nielsen Homescan data on CPG purchases among households with children. With NHANES, we compared survey-weighted energy intakes for 2003-2006 and 2009-2012 from store and nonstore sources by race/ethnicity [non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), and Hispanic Mexican-Americans) and income [≤185% federal poverty line (FPL), 186-400% FPL, and >400% FPL]. With the Nielsen data, we compared 2000-2013 trends in calories purchased from CPGs (obtained from stores) across brands by race/ethnicity (NHW, NHB, and Hispanic) and income. We conducted random-effect models to derive adjusted trends and differences in calories purchased (708,175 observations from 64,709 unique households) and tested whether trends were heterogeneous by race/ethnicity or income. Results Store-bought foods and beverages represented the largest component of dietary intake, with greater decreases in energy intakes in nonstore sources for foods and in store sources for beverages. Beverages from stores consistently decreased in all subpopulations. However, in adjusted models, reductions in CPG calories purchased in 2009-2012 were slower for NHB and low-income households than for NHW and high-income households, respectively. The decline in calories from name-brand food purchases was slower among NHB, Hispanic, and lowest-income households. NHW and high-income households had the highest absolute calories purchased in 2000. Conclusions Across 2 large data sources, we found decreases in intake and purchases of beverages from stores across racial/ethnic and income groups. However, potentially beneficial reductions in calories purchased were more pronounced in some subgroups over others.
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (Lafora Type)

The diagnosis of Lafora's syndrome, progressive myoclonus epilepsy and intracytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions (Lafora bodies), was made by skin biopsy in a 16-year-old girl at the Depts of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
Alliance Ownership and Status Imbalances Behind Firm Performance

Prior research on strategic alliances has provided mixed findings regarding performance implications of power imbalance between a firm and its alliance partners. Drawing on the alliance literature ...
Seasonal variability of warm boundary layer cloud and precipitation properties in the Southern Ocean as diagnosed from A‐Train data

The extensive cloudiness and resulting high albedo of the Southern Oceans (SO) are predominantly due to the occurrence of widespread marine boundary layer clouds. Recent work finds correlations between biogenically enhanced cloud condensation nuclei concentrations and cloud droplet number concentrations derived from passive satellite data. The active remote sensors in the A-Train have created a unique and long-term record of these clouds that include vertical profiles of radar reflectivity and microwave brightness temperature from CloudSat that can be combined with solar reflectances from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. We examine this data record using a unique algorithm to infer warm-topped cloud and precipitation properties. We find seasonal variations in cloud properties where summer season clouds demonstrate higher cloud droplet number concentrations on average and require higher liquid water contents to produce similar precipitation rates.
H∞ Optimal Repetitive Control Design for Stable Plants

Abstract The repetitive controller design problem is studied for stable plants in the framework of the H ∞ optimal control. First, a sensitivity improvement problem is formulated. Then, it is shown that its solution leads to a cascade repetitive controller structure. Guideline are given for selecting rational parts of the weighting functions that produce cascade repetitive controllers from the infinite dimensional two block H ∞ problem. It is also shown that the same guidelines hold for direct repetitive control design. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the H ∞ formulation and the power of the cascade repetitive controller structure.
Paying with change: The purposeful enunciation of material culture

Abstract Recent work in cultural sociology has called attention to constraints imposed by material objects on interpretive processes, but is unclear as to how actors use such constraints to produce new meanings. In this article, we use novel newspaper data of people attempting to pay with large amounts of small cash and coins as a form of protest to highlight the material conditions under which actors are able to convey an alternative meaning of an object to an audience. We use computational linguistic and quantitative methods to examine when changes in the meaning of money are more likely to lead to emotionally-charged media reception. We find that emotionally-charged media reception is more likely when, typically, actors consciously attend to money and yet do not have to put in much cognitive work to assign meaning to it in the setting where the protest is attempted. We conclude by considering the implications of the study for broader projects within cultural sociology, economic sociology, organizational theory, political sociology, and social movement studies.
The effect of cesarean delivery on birth outcome in very low birth weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

To determine whether cesarean delivery is associated with a better outcome than vaginal delivery for infants weighing less than 1500 g (very low birth weight), we examined neonatal mortality and the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 1765 very low birth weight inborn infants admitted to seven neonatal intensive care centers. The cesarean rate was 32.5% for infants weighing 501-750 g and 52.4% for infants weighing 751-1000 g. The neonatal death rate was 53.1% for infants weighing 501-750 g delivered by cesarean, compared with 64.3% for vaginally born infants (P = .046). However, for infants weighing 1001-1250 g, the neonatal death rate for infants delivered by cesarean was 14.4%, compared with 7.8% for infants born vaginally (P = .02). The incidence of IVH was significantly lower in infants born by cesarean than in those born vaginally only in the 1251-1500-g birth weight interval (11.8 versus 18.9%; P = .03). Compared with women delivering vaginally, those delivered by cesarean were more likely to attain a higher mean gestation, to have preeclampsia, and to have a breech presentation, and less likely to be in labor. After adjusting by logistic regression for gestational age, preeclampsia, breech presentation, presence or absence of labor, and for center effects, the odds ratio for neonatal death was 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.71-1.41); for IVH, the odds ratio was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.61-1.19). These data suggest that after accounting for certain maternal and fetal factors, cesarean delivery is not associated with a lower risk of either mortality or IVH.
A capabilities approach to the prioritization of critical infrastructure

As a consequence of the U.S. effort to increase infrastructure security and resilience, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and other U.S. federal agencies have identified 16 critical infrastructure sectors that are considered vital to the nation’s well-being in terms of economic security, public health, and safety. However, there remains no articulated set of values that justify this particular list of infrastructure systems or how decision-makers might prioritize investments towards one critical sector over another during a crisis. To offer a more integrated and holistic approach to critical infrastructure resilience, this research employs the capabilities approach to human development, which offers an alternative view of critical infrastructure that focuses on the services that infrastructure provides rather than its physical condition or vulnerability to threats. This service-based perspective of infrastructure emphasizes the role of infrastructure in enabling and supporting central human capabilities that build adaptive capacity and improve human well-being. We argue that the most critical infrastructure systems are those that are essential for providing and/or supporting central human capabilities. This paper examines the DHS designation of criticality from a capabilities perspective and argues for a capabilities basis for making distinctions between those systems that should be considered most critical and those that might be temporarily sacrificed. A key implication of this work is that an across sector approach is required to reorganize existing critical infrastructure efforts around the most valuable infrastructure end-services.
Theories of Surface Tension

Theories of surface tension are described, with particular reference to the very low tensions that occur near critical points and tricritical points and at the interfaces with microemulsion phases. The exponents that determine the rate at which interfacial tension vanishes on approach to a critical or tricritical point are discussed, as are the scaling relations that relate the tension to the correlation length, the compressibility (osmotic or mechanical)‚ and the order parameter (difference in density or composition of the coexisting phases). The ideas are illustrated in model systems, including a one-dimensional model in which phase separation is induced by an external field, the two- and three-dimensional Ising (lattice-gas) models, and the Ising model treated in mean-field approximation. The latter is applied also to obtain the orientation profile of amphiphiles AB at the interface between two phases in a three-component system of molecules AA, BB, and AB. The tensions of the interfaces between a middle-phase microemulsion and the oil- and water-rich phases with which it is in equilibrium are discussed, with reference both to experiment and to a model microemulsion that is a modified version of the Talmon-Prager, and de Gennes-Taupin-Jouffroy-Levinson models.
Better Measures of Core Inflation

Recent papers examining the measurement of core inflation, such as the weighted median, have focused on cross-section information in disaggregated inflation data. This paper improves on the literature by introducing a new measure of core inflation that exploits the time-series information in disaggregated inflation data. The new measure is based on a definition of core inflation as the best predictor of future inflation. Exploiting the time-series information in disaggregated or component inflation data produces better forecasts than exploiting cross-section information. Additionally, the new measure comes from jointly estimating the optimal weights instead of imposing weights based on the persistence of the components.
Transient disruption of mouse home cage activities and assessment of orexin immunoreactivity following concussive- or blast-induced brain injury.

Abstract The employment of explosive weaponry in modern warfare exposes populations to shock wave-induced and impact-related brain injuries. Among the most common clinical complaints resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are sleep-wake disturbances. The current study assessed the acute effects of mild concussive brain injury (CBI) and mild blast wave-induced brain injury (BTBI) on mouse behavior and orexin-A expression. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CBI, BTBI, or sham procedures. Injured animals and their shams were further divided into the following subgroups: 24-h survival in standard group (SG) housing, 72-h survival in SG housing, and 72-h survival in Any-Maze cages (AMc). AMc enabled continuous monitoring of home cage activities. BTBI caused significant but transient decreases in wheel running and ingestive behaviors 24 h post-injury (PI), while CBI transiently decreased running and water intake. BTBI resulted in general hypoactivity in the open field (OF) at both PI time points for SG-housed animals. In contrast, CBI did not cause hypoactivity. Mice subjected to CBI traveled more in the center of the OF at both time points PI, suggesting that CBI caused reduced anxiety in mice. Increased activity in the center of the OF was also seen at 24 h PI after BTBI. CBI treatment caused increased CD11b immunostaining. However, neither injury was accompanied by an alteration in the number of orexin-A hypothalamic neurons. Taken together, shock wave exposure and concussive injury transiently reduced mouse activities, but some differences between the two injuries were seen.
Competitive Market with Renewable Power Producers Achieves Asymptotic Social Efficiency

A price-making two-settlement power market in which both conventional generators and renewable power producers (RPPs) participate is studied. It is proved that the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the market converges to the social optimum as the number of RPPs increases. As a result, social efficiency is asymptotically achieved with a simple market mechanism for integrating RPPs, without the need for an independent system operator (ISO) to perform a centralized stochastic optimization. The analytical derivation of the NE offers an elegant charac-terization of the market power of the competitive RPPs. The market outcomes predicted by the developed theoretical results are demonstrated by simulation studies.
Response-Based Cryptographic Methods with Ternary Physical Unclonable Functions

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used as hardware fingerprints for access control, and authentication in mobile and wireless networks and Internet of Things. However, it is challenging to use PUFs to extract cryptographic keys, because a single bit mismatch in the keys is not acceptable to most encryption algorithms. PUFs are aging; they are sensitive to temperature drifts, and other environmental effects. Successful implementation of PUFs, as key generators, requires power hungry error correcting schemes that add latency, and vulnerability to attacks such as differential power analysis. This work proposes methods to generate cryptographic keys directly from the un-corrected responses of the PUFs. The secure server, driving the network, manages the differences between the PUF responses and the original PUF challenges, through matching algorithms, mitigating the need to use heavy error correction schemes. In these methods, both the server and the client devices independently generate the exact same un-corrected responses of the PUF. These responses are therefore suitable for cryptographic protocols such as public key infrastructure or highly secure ledger protecting blockchain technology. The method presented in this paper, which is based on ternary PUFs, was successfully implemented and tested in a PC environment.
Ultranarrow Linewidth Solid State Oscillators

Abstract The combination of a diode pumped nonplanar ring oscillator in Nd:YAG with injection seeded operation of a 5 Watt cw Nd:YAG ring oscillator, which preserves the linewidth of the master oscillator, and SHG to the green followed by cw optical parametric oscillation in lithium niobate, has led to single axial mode tunable output from the OPO with a 20kHz linewidth.
Tensor-Train Discriminant Analysis

The rapid development of information technology is making it possible to collect massive amounts of multidimensional, multimodal data with high dimensionality in a diverse set of science and engineering disciplines. Although there has been a lot of recent work in the area of unsupervised tensor learning, extensions to supervised learning, feature extraction and classification are still limited. Moreover, most of the existing supervised tensor learning approaches are based on the Tucker model. However, this model has some limitations for large tensors including high memory and execution time costs. In this paper, we introduce a supervised learning approach for tensor classification based on the tensor-train model. In particular, we introduce two computationally efficient implementations of tensor-train discriminant analysis (TT-DA). The proposed approaches are evaluated on image classification tasks with respect to computation time, storage cost and classification accuracy.
Lithium-based transition-metal oxides for battery electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. VI. LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy were used to analyze untreated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 powder obtained from TODA America. X-ray photoelectron and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.834 01 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, Mn 2p, Ni LMM, O 1s, C 1s, Ni 3s, Co 3s, Mn 3s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Li 1s, and Mn 3p are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals. Making use of the O 1s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Mn 3p, and Li 1s lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed powder surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.5O1.9.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy were used to analyze untreated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 powder obtained from TODA America. X-ray photoelectron and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.834 01 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, Mn 2p, Ni LMM, O 1s, C 1s, Ni 3s, Co 3s, Mn 3s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Li 1s, and Mn 3p are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals. Making use of the O 1s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Mn 3p, and Li 1s lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed powder surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.5O1.9.
Retention and Endurance of FeFET Memory Cells

Despite decades of R&D, the single-transistor (1-T) memory cell based on ferroelectric-gated Field-Effect-Transistor (FeFET) has failed to commercialize as of this writing, largely due to the inadequate retention time. The recent advent of the HfO 2 -based ferroelectrics, however, promises to change that. The fundamental reasons for this change, which hinges on the relatively large coercive fields (E c 's) of HfO 2 -based ferroelectrics, will be discussed. On the other hand, the large Ec's also causes endurance problems, which is a major reliability concern. This reliability concern is the other key topic covered in this paper.
Do not make Africa an object of exploitation again

This article aims to present the audience reception of Black Panther by an Afro-Brazilian public. It raises questions about the autonomous appropriation of the film’s messages by an Afro-Brazilian diasporic community. It also questions the construction of a black identity, present and future, linked to an apparent rediscovery of the African continent by the global cultural industry. The theoretical framework is Afrofuturism. The methodology is audience reception studies as well as thematic content analysis.
Earning Stripes in Medical Machine Learning

Advances in computer technology in the last decade opened up the potential for big gains in applications of neural networks aimed at recognizing and diagnosing visual images. Many startups and established firms are making decisions about how to develop and deploy such software, and what products to develop next.
Pharmacological Manipulation of the Circadian Clock: A Possible Approach to the Management of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder with genetic and neurobiological underpinnings, characterized primarily by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, with notable disruptions in rhythmic behaviors such as sleep, energy, appetite and attention. The chronobiological links to BD are further supported by the effectiveness of various treatment modalities such as bright light, circadian phase advance, and mood-stabilizing drugs such as lithium that have effects on the circadian clock. Over the past 30 years, the neurobiology of the circadian clock has been exquisitely described and there now exists a detailed knowledge of key signaling pathways, neurotransmitters and signaling mechanisms that regulate various dimensions of circadian clock function. With this new wealth of information, it is becoming increasingly plausible that new drugs for BD could be made by targeting molecular elements of the circadian clock. However, circadian rhythms are multidimensional and complex, involving unique, time-dependent factors that are not typically considered in drug development. We review the organization of the circadian clock in the central nervous system and briefly summarize data implicating the circadian clock in BD. We then consider some of the unique aspects of the circadian clock as a drug target in BD, discuss key methodological considerations and evaluate some of the candidate clock pathways and systems that could serve as potential targets for novel mood stabilizers. We expect this work will serve as a roadmap to facilitate the development of compounds acting on the circadian clock for the treatment of BD.
Assessing Environmental RNAi in a Non-Model Organism

RNA interference (RNAi) regulates gene expression in most multicellular organisms through binding of small RNA effectors to target transcripts. Exploiting this process is a popular strategy for genetic manipulation in invertebrates and has applications that includes control of pests. Successful RNAi technologies are dependent on delivery method. The most convenient method is likely feeding which is effective in some animals while others are insensitive. Thus, there is a need to develop RNAi technology on a per-species basis, which will require a comprehensive approach for assessing small RNA production from synthetic nucleic acids. Using a biochemical and sequencing approaches we investigated the metabolism of ingested RNAs using the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, as a model for RNAi insensitivity. This chelicerae arthropod shows only modest response to oral RNAi and has biogenesis pathways distinct from model organisms. To identify RNAi substrates in T. urticae we characterized processing of synthetic RNAs and those derived from plant transcripts ingested during feeding. Through characterization of read size length and overlaps of small RNA reads, visualization methods were developed that facilitate distinguish trans-acting small RNAs from degradation fragments. Using a strategy that delineates small RNA classes, we found a variety of RNA species are gated into spider mite RNAi pathways, however, potential mature trans-acting RNAs appear very unstable and rare. This suggests spider mite RNAi pathway products that originate as ingested materials may be preferentially metabolized instead of converted into regulators of gene expression. Spider mites infest a variety of plants, and it would be maladaptive to generate diverse gene regulators from dietary RNAs. This study provides a framework for assessing RNAi technology in organisms where genetic and biochemical tools are absent and benefit rationale design of RNAi triggers.
Effects of physical therapy training program on developmental potential areas in infants with developmental delay

Objective To investigate the effects of physical therapy (PT) training program on the development energy areas of infants with developmental delay. Methods The clinical data of 98 developmental retarded infants and young children treated in the Children’s Hospital of Shanxi from January 2017 to February 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-nine infants who received routine rehabilitation training program from January 2017 to July 2017 were taken as the control group, and forty-nine infants who received PT training program from August 2017 to February 2018 were taken as the observation group. The development levels of various developmental areas and the improvement of gross motor function were compared between the two groups. Results After training, the scores of individual social DQ, language DQ, fine exercise DQ, large exercise DQ, adaptive DQ and gross motor function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were significant(P<0.05). Conclusions The PT training program can effectively alleviate the dysfunction and improve the development level of all developmental energy areas for children with developmental retardation. Key words: Developmental retardation infants; Physical therapy training program; Developmental potential area
Synthesis and Characterization of a Linear Triiron(II) Extended Metal Atom Chain Complex with Fe-Fe Bonds.

Extended metal atom chain (EMAC) complexes of first-row transition metals with metal-metal bonds have the potential to elicit unique magnetic properties and reactivities. Until now, the library of EMAC complexes with late-first-row transition metals was incomplete because of the omission of a triiron species with Fe-Fe bonding. Herein we report the synthesis and preliminary investigation of the first linear, triiron(II) complex containing close Fe-Fe interactions. The complex is supported by three dianionic 2,6-bis[(trimethylsilyl)amido]pyridine ligands (L), with an overall composition of Fe3L3, and pseudohelical ligand coordination stabilizing the local trigonal-planar geometry at each iron. Fe3L3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, cyclic voltammetry, electronic absorption, and Mossbauer spectroscopies. Evans method analysis indicated a large uncompensated spin and an S = 6 ground state, suggesting ferromagnetic coupling in the triiron chain, likely due to direct exchange.
Impacts of the arm and leg postures on the RF-induced heating for the human body under MRI

This paper investigates the impacts of the arm and leg postures on radio frequency (RF)-induced heating for patients exposed to the electromagnetic field from the RF coil in a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Various arm on body postures and arm touching body postures are studied. Leg bending postures and leg touching postures are considered in the leg posture studies. The peak local specific absorption rate (SAR), which is related to the RF-induced heating, is substantially affected by the arm and leg postures. For the natural arm posture, arm on body posture and the bending leg posture, the peak local SAR increases with the arm or leg moving closer to the coil. For the arm touching body posture and the leg touching posture, the peak local SAR values can be much higher than that from the natural posture. Therefore, guidance that patient posture isn't allowed to get close to the coil or form a closed loop, is proposed to guarantee patient safety.
Maximum Properties of Holomorphic Functions

We turn now to a study of some of the basic properties of a-holomorphic functions that derive from the local maximum principle. We shall accordingly assume until further notice that [Σ, a] is a natural system. The next theorem is an extension of the local maximum principle (given in Theorem 14.2) to almost a-holomorphic functions (Definition 17.3 (ii)).
RELATION OF STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION IN BACTERIAL O ANTIGENS II. : Fractionation of Lipids Present in Boivin-Type Endotoxin of Serratia marcescens

Nowotny, Alois (City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, Calif.). Relation of structure to function in bacterial O antigens. II. Fractionation of lipids present in Boivin-type endotoxin of Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 85:427–435, 1963.—Methods for liberation of lipids from their endotoxic O antigen were investigated. In the case of endotoxin isolated from a chromogenic Serratia marcescens, best results were obtained with diluted formic acid. The crude lipid mixture consisted of at least 16 different components, which were analyzed by paper chromatography. Good separation was achieved by silicic acid-impregnated paper. Lipids were stained with metachromatic o-toluidine blue. Solubility of the crude lipid mixture was studied in different organic solvents. Preparative fractionation was developed utilizing various organic solvents on the basis of solubility differences of the lipid components. Pure fractions were obtained by silicic acid column chromatography. Since none of the lipid liberation methods so far developed can produce undegraded lipids free from split products and remnants of cell-wall polysaccharides, their usefulness is limited in comparing the chemical structure of the liberated lipid with that of the lipid intact in the cell wall. The liberation procedures cause changes within the lipid structure itself, which in turn would alter whatever potential ability it might have to elicit certain biological reactions.
Cholinergic regulation of protein III phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Protein IIIa (Mr approximately 74,000) and protein IIIb (Mr approximately 55,000), referred to collectively as protein III, are synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins found in all regions of the rat nervous system and in the rat adrenal medulla. In the present study, the presence of protein III and the regulation of its phosphorylation were examined in chromaffin cells isolated from bovine adrenal medullae. Protein III was present in chromaffin cells isolated and purified from bovine adrenal medullae. The levels of protein III were moderately enriched in purified chromaffin cells compared with whole adrenal medullae. Preincubation of chromaffin cells with 32PO4 led to the endogenous phosphorylation of protein III, and phosphopeptide maps of chromaffin cell protein III were similar to those of protein III from bovine cerebral cortex. Treatment of the chromaffin cells with ACh produced calcium-dependent increases in both the phosphorylation of protein III and the release of 3H- norepinephrine. These effects of ACh were mimicked by nicotine but not by muscarine. Other secretagogues (elevated K+, veratridine, Ba2+) also increased both the phosphorylation of protein III and the release of 3H- norepinephrine. However, detailed characterization of the secretagogue- induced increases in protein III phosphorylation and 3H-norepinephrine secretion suggested that protein III phosphorylation was more directly associated with an increase in intracellular calcium than with secretion per se.
Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With CKD

Background Neurocognitive dysfunction is a known complication in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, less is known about putative mechanisms or modifiable risk factors. The objective of this study was to characterize and determine risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in children, adolescents, and young adults with CKD compared with controls. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting & Participants The Neurocognitive Assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Children and Young Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease (NiCK) Study included 90 individuals aged 8 to 25 years with CKD compared with 70 controls. Predictors CKD versus control, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ambulatory blood pressure. Outcomes Performance on neurocognitive assessment with relevant tests grouped into 11 domains defined a priori by expert opinion. Results of tests were converted to age-normalized z scores. Measurements Each neurocognitive domain was analyzed through linear regression, adjusting for eGFR and demographic and clinical variables. For domains defined by multiple tests, the median z score of tests in that domain was used. Results We found significantly poorer performance in multiple areas of neurocognitive function among individuals with CKD compared with controls. Particular deficits were seen in domains related to attention, memory, and inhibitory control. Adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, we found lower performance in multiple domains with decreasing eGFRs (attention: β=0.053, P =0.02; visual spatial: β=0.062, P =0.02; and visual working memory: β=0.069, P =0.04). Increased diastolic load and decreased diastolic nocturnal dipping on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were independently associated with impairments in neurocognitive performance. Limitations Unable to assess changes in neurocognitive function over time, and neurocognitive tests were grouped into predetermined neurocognitive domains. Conclusions Lower eGFR in children, adolescents, and young adults is associated with poorer neurocognitive performance, particularly in areas of attention, memory, and inhibitory control. Hypertension identified on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be an important risk factor, illustrating that neurocognitive function is an area of target-organ damage in CKD.
Spatial modulation spectroscopy for imaging and quantitative analysis of single dye-doped organic nanoparticles inside cells

Imaging of non-fluorescent nanoparticles in complex biological environments, such as the cell cytosol, is a challenging problem. For metal nanoparticles, Rayleigh scattering methods can be used, but for organic nanoparticles, such as dye-doped polymer beads or lipid nanoparticles, light scattering does not provide good contrast. In this paper, spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS) is used to image single organic nanoparticles doped with non-fluorescent, near-IR croconaine dye. SMS is a quantitative imaging technique that yields the absolute extinction cross-section of the nanoparticles, which can be used to determine the number of dye molecules per particle. SMS images were recorded for particles within EMT-6 breast cancer cells. The measurements allowed mapping of the nanoparticle location and the amount of dye in a single cell. The results demonstrate how SMS can facilitate efforts to optimize dye-doped nanoparticles for effective photothermal therapy of cancer.
Colorectal polyp prevention by daily aspirin use is abrogated among active smokers

Based on suggestive findings from a recent study of high-risk Japanese patients, we sought to determine whether the risk of colorectal polyps associated with smoking may be modified by daily use of aspirin in an analysis of a large US screening population. This is a cross-sectional study of 2,918 consecutive colonoscopy patients at a university hospital over a 30-month period. Data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Multivariate models of polyp counts were used to examine the competing risks of smoking and aspirin use. Models were further stratified by polyp location (proximal vs. distal) and pathologic subtype (dysplastic vs. serrated). Incidental rate of polyps was higher among active smokers [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.72; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.46–2.02] and lower among daily aspirin users (IRR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.61–0.86) compared to those who used neither. Smoking interacts significantly with aspirin use resulting in loss of aspirin protection (IRR 1.69; 95 % CI 1.28–2.24). Stratified analyses demonstrate that aspirin specifically reduces the risk of traditional dysplastic adenomas (IRR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.61–0.86) not serrated/hyperplastic polyps (IRR 0.92; 95 % CI 0.72–1.17) and that the modification of aspirin protection by smoking is primarily observed within the distal colorectum (p < 0.03). We report for the first time, in a typical risk US clinical population, a lack of protective association of aspirin for polyps among active smokers. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm this mitigating effect in order to improve the precision of the growing evidence base about the chemopreventive benefit of aspirin in colorectal cancer.
Enhanced sensitivity of time-resolved reflectivity measurements near Brewster's angle

A method for enhancing the sensitivity of time-resolved reflectivity measurements in semiconductors is discussed. By appropriate choice of the angle of incidence near Brewster's angle, the photoinduced reflectivity changes are easily increased by one order of magnitude. Two examples, the lifetime of a dense electron-hole plasma and the picosecond laser-induced melting transition in silicon, illustrate the method. Extension to the case of thin films is possible, as demonstrated by experiments performed on thin polycrystalline silicon films. Possible complications due to the use of very tightly focused beams and ultrashort pulses near a strong resonance are considered and, together with other considerations of a more experimental nature, lead to general guidelines for signal-enhancement and easy implementation and data analysis. >
Analysis of contingent valuation data with multiple bids and response options allowing respondents to express uncertainty: a comment

Abstract Alberini et al. [J. Environ. Econom. Management 45, 40–62 (2003)] propose using a random effects probit model to estimate the coefficient of correlation between responses from the same individual to different costs presented in multiple bounded discrete choice (MBDC) contingent valuation elicitation formats. In an empirical application, they report that the correlation coefficient from the random effects probit is close enough to zero to warrant treating the responses from the same individual as independent. Such a finding would call into question the viability of this elicitation method and past MBDC modeling efforts. However, our reestimation of the random effects probit using their data, as well as two other MBDC datasets available to us, suggests that the individual's WTP responses are driven by a single, or at least highly correlated, underlying WTP distribution. Our results imply models that assume perfect correlation between responses are more appropriate for modeling MBDC responses.
Effect of spring flooding on endophyte differentiation, nitrogenase activity, root growth and shoot growth in Myrica gale

Spring flooding was investigated as a possible limiting factor in the development of nitrogenase activity, root growth, and shoot growth inMyrica gale. Dormant, one year oldMyrica gale plants were placed in a greenhouse in early April and given three treatments: control (not flooded), flooded-water (flooded with water to 2.5 cm above the soil level) and flooded-peat (flooded with water-saturated peat to 4.0 cm above the soil level). Nitrogenase activity was absent at budbreak but appeared concurrently with the differentiation of vesicles by theFrankia sp. endophyte. Flooding delayed the onset of nitrogenase activity, substantially reduced the specific nitrogenase activity of the nodules, and also severely limited the production of the new nodule biomass. Consequently by 67 days past budbreak nitrogenase activity was much greater in the control plants (5.55±0.42 μmol C2H4/plant.h;\(\bar x\) ± SE; N=9) than in the flooded-water (1.18±0.29) and flooded-peat (0.15±0.05) plants. Production of new secondary roots was substantially reduced in the flooded plants but adventitious roots were rapidly produced along the flooded portion of the stem in the better aerated zone near the surface. New nodules formed on several adventitious roots by 67 days indicating that the plants are able to replace their largely nonfunctional deeply flooded nodules with new nodules in the aerobic zone. Initially shoot growth was unaffected by flooding but by 67 days the flooded plants had substantially less leaf biomass, lower leaf and stem nitrogen concentrations, and less total shoot nitrogen content than the control plants.
Interenterprise Arrears in Transforming Economies: The Case of Romania

This paper reviews Romania's experience with interenterprise arrears during 1991 with the purpose of extracting lessons that might prove useful for other economies in transition to market-based systems. The rapid growth of interenterprise arrears poses a serious policy problem in many of the transforming economies of Eastern Europe, as well as in the republics of the former Soviet Union. Among the more striking cases is that of Romania, where gross interenterprise arrears grew almost 18-fold (to about 50 percent of GDP) in only one year. This paper discusses the development of these arrears and the policies implemented by the authorities to try to resolve the problem.
Improved cycle life of Fe-substituted LiCoPO4

Abstract Fe-substituted LiCoPO4 exhibits greatly improved cycle life relative to LiCoPO4. Whereas, pure LiCoPO4 loses more than half of its discharge capacity at the 10th cycle, the Fe-substituted LiCoPO4 retains about 100% of its discharge capacity at the 10th cycle and about 80% of its capacity at the 500th cycle. It is suggested that improved cycle life results from Fe3+ substitution on the Li and Co sites. The partial substitution of Li+ by Fe3+ and Co2+ by Fe2+ and Fe3+ was evidenced from Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The majority of the Fe3+ substitutes at the Co2+ site. The composition of Fe-substituted LiCoPO4 is Li0.92Co0.8Fe2+0.12Fe3+0.08PO4 for a sample of starting composition LiCo0.8Fe0.2PO4.