cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Following directions: Rehearsal and visualization strategies for children with specific language impairment:

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) may have inefficient memory or memory management for auditory and visual representation systems. This study sought to determine if strategy training would create any residual enhancement of these memory management systems. Data revealed that immediately following intervention, elementary students taught to use a rehearsal strategy and those taught to use a rehearsal/visualization strategy made significant gains over a traditional language therapy group on a standardized test of following directions. However, only the rehearsal/visualization group retained its gains over the traditional group eight months after the intervention. These findings support the long-term efficacy of systematic training via rehearsal/visualization to increase the ability of children with SLI to follow verbal directions.
L-plane and khuri-plane singularities in the veneziano model

The singularity structure of the Veneziano model in the angular momentum and Khuri planes is discussed. The continued partial-wave amplitude is shown to have an infinite number of Regge poles, spaced by integers, together with an infinite number of fixed poles at wrong-signature nonsense points in the $l$ plane. The residues of both the moving and fixed poles are calculated, and consequences of their structure are discussed. In the Khuri plane, the Veneziano model is shown to be characterized by an infinite number of moving poles, but there are no fixed poles. The residues of the moving poles are presented.
In-vivo biodistribution and safety of 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC in canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Theranostic agents are critical for improving the diagnosis and treatment of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). The peptidomimetic LLP2A is a novel peptide receptor radiotherapy candidate for treating NHL that expresses the activated α4β1 integrin. Tumor-bearing dogs are an excellent model of human NHL with similar clinical characteristics, behavior, and compressed clinical course. Canine in vivo imaging studies will provide valuable biodistribution and affinity information that reflects a diverse clinical population of lymphoma. This may also help to determine potential dose-limiting radiotoxicity to organs in human clinical trials. To validate this construct in a naturally occurring model of NHL, we performed in-vivo molecular targeted imaging and biodistribution in 3 normal dogs and 5 NHL bearing dogs. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG and 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC were successfully synthesized and had very good labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC and 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG had biodistribution in keeping with their molecular size, with 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC-PEG remaining longer in the circulation, having higher tissue uptake, and having more activity in the liver compared to 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC. 99mTc-LLP2A-HYNIC was mainly eliminated through the kidneys with some residual activity. Radioactivity was reduced to near-background levels at 6 hours after injection. In NHL dogs, tumor showed moderately increased activity over background, with tumor activity in B-cell lymphoma dogs decreasing after chemotherapy. This compound is promising in the development of targeted drug-delivery radiopharmaceuticals and may contribute to translational work in people affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Development of functionally selective agonists as novel therapeutic agents

Traditionally, drug selectivity has been attributed solely to differential affinity for different receptor subtypes. Recent experimental evidence suggests that, in addition to receptor subtype selectivity, drugs may be selective for individual signaling pathways coupled to a single receptor subtype. This ‘functional selectivity’ holds the promise of improved therapeutic selectivity and reduced adverse effects.
Blowup phenomena of solutions to the Euler equations for compressible fluid flow

Abstract The blowup phenomena of solutions is investigated for the Euler equations of compressible fluid flow. The approach is to construct special explicit solutions with spherical symmetry to study certain blowup behavior of multi-dimensional solutions. In particular, the special solutions with velocity of the form c ( t ) x are constructed to show the expanding and blowup properties. The solution with velocity of the form a ˙ ( t ) x / a ( t ) for γ ⩾ 1 and for any space dimensions is obtained as a corollary. Another conclusion is that there is only trivial solution with velocity of the form c ( t ) | x | α - 1 x for α ≠ 1 and multi-space dimensions.
Exponential specifications and measurement error

Abstract While it is well-known that the errors-in-variables model with a linear specification can be identified using instrumental variables (IV), we show that, in general, its nonlinear counterpart is not, by providing a class of counterexamples based on exponential specifications.
Plasticity in the photosynthetic carbon metabolism of submersed aquatic macrophytes

This review details the physiological and biochemical adaptations that enable submersed aquatic macrophytes to manage constraints associated with photosynthesis under water. The constraints are dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), light and temperature, though pH, O2 and mineral nutrients may be factors. Submersed aquatic macrophytes are characterized by low photosynthetic rates, with low light requirements and very high apparent Km (CO2/HCO3−) values. These features are mainly caused by low DIC diffusion rates. High pH (10) may limit photosynthesis by decreasing free CO2. Temperature responses vary, partly owing to growth adaptations, with photosynthesis reported under ice and at 35°C. Even though the photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR), and photorespiratory carbon oxidation (PCO) cycles operate in submersed aquatic macrophytes, they possess mechanisms which preclude classifying them with C3 or C4 photosynthesis. These include: utilization of HCO3− ions, C4 acids, and sediment CO2. A major feature of submersed aquatic macrophytes is their plasticity, which is seen in variable CO2 compensation points that indicate the photorespiratory (PR) state. Unlike unicellular phototrophs, submersed aquatic macrophytes usually exist in an O2-sensitive, high-PR (C3-like) state; but under daytime stress conditions of high light, temperature, O2 and low CO2 a low-PR state is induced. The active uptake of HCO3− ions, and/or fixation initially by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in a C4-like system, but without Kranz anatomy, concentrates CO2 internally. The result is a low-PR state, with reduced O2 inhibition of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Not all species use HCO3− ions effectively. Some fix CO2 at night in a CAM-like system, while other, rosette forms take sediment CO2, via roots, and pipe it in lacunae to the leaves. These mechanisms all conserve carbon and improve DIC availability.
Biochemical peculiarities of the guinea pig and some possible examples of convergent evolution

The literature was searched for examples of biochemical differences between the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) and other mammals. Ten well established examples of significant differences were found and are described here. The most striking observation to emerge is that two unusual changes have occurred in the guinea pig (and several other Hystricomorphs) and also in certain New World monkeys, changes that are seen in no other mammalian species examined. The changes are the development of an insulin so divergent in structure that it fails to cross-react with anti-serum to bovine insulin; and the presence of plasma L-asparaginase. The possibility that these are examples of convergent evolution is considered. It is also suggested that the guinea pig may be unique with respect to the number of biochemical differences that it exhibits.
Measurements of ultrasonic attenuation properties of midgestational fetal pig hearts.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to measure the relative attenuation properties of the left and right ventricles in fetal pig hearts and to compare the spatial variation in attenuation measurements with those observed in previously published backscatter measurements. Approximately 1.0-mm-thick, short-axis slices of excised, formalin-fixed heart were examined from 15 midgestational fetal pigs using a 50-MHz single-element transducer. Measurements of the attenuation properties demonstrate regional differences in the left and right ventricular myocardium that appear consistent with the previously reported regional differences in apparent integrated backscatter measurements of the same fetal pig hearts. For regions of perpendicular insonification relative to the myofiber orientation, the right ventricular free wall showed larger values for the slope of the attenuation coefficient from 30–60 MHz (1.48 ± 0.22 dB/(cm·MHz) (mean ± SD) and attenuation coefficient at 45 MHz (46.3 ± 7.3 dB/cm [mean ± SD]) than the left ventricular free wall (1.18 ± 0.24 dB/(cm·MHz) and 37.0 ± 7.9 dB/cm (mean ± SD) for slope of attenuation coefficient and attenuation coefficient at 45 MHz, respectively). This attenuation study supports the hypothesis that intrinsic differences in the myocardium of the left and right ventricles exist in fetal pig hearts at midgestation. (E-mail: mrh@wuphys.wustl.edu )
Multiple-prism Littrow and grazing-incidence pulsed CO 2 lasers

A TEA CO/sub 2/ laser utilizing a hybrid multiple-prism grazing-incidence configuration is operated for the first time.
Between-chains and within-chain speed gradients as functions of length

Abstract Two experiments examined between-chains and within-chain speed gradients as functions of length. The first, involving straight runways, revealed hyperbolic gradients within chains for each of three lengths, .61, 1.22, and 2.44 m. Between-chains comparisons showed a goal gradient effect confined to the start box segment and a long-chain depression effect in the last two segments. The second experiment, involving discrete-trial fixed-ratio bar-pressing schedules of FR(1 + 4), FR(1 + 8), and FR(1 + 16), showed goal gradient effects for starting speeds and for speeds across the first segment beyond start. Also, confounding effects apparent in the runway, of acceleration, deceleration, and long-chain depression, were diminished or absent in the bar-pressing situation.
Inertia Welded Jet Engine Components

The fabrication of jet engine rotors by joining simple disk and ring shapes offers both weight and cost advantages; however, the metal joints must have excellent and completely reproducible mechanical properties. Inertia welding achieves this since it is a solid state joining process which forges the two parts together under an automatically controlled situation. The parameters for inertia welding jet engine nickel and titanium alloys are discussed. The cost and weight advantages occurring from elimination of mechanical joints and better material utilization are identified. Several typical applications are described.Copyright © 1971 by ASME
State and Parameter Estimation with an SIR Particle Filter in a Three-Dimensional Groundwater Pollutant Transport Model

AbstractMathematical modeling of the contaminants in the subsurface is important to predict the spread of the plume as well as for risk assessment. A three-dimensional subsurface contaminant transport model with an instantaneous input is developed to represent the high dimensionality of the real field. Because of the inherent randomness, heterogeneity of the transport process, macrodispersion, non-Fickian motion, and ergodicity, general assumptions of linearity and Gaussian distribution do not hold for the real field. Therefore, a state-space transport model for the nonlinear and non-Gaussian system is proposed in this study. In this paper, the state variable (concentration vector) and parameter (first-order decay) are updated with the simulated measurements. A particle filter, which is a sequential Monte Carlo method, provides a rigorous general framework for dynamic state estimation problems in the Bayesian scheme. In this paper, the reactive contaminant transport in the subsurface is treated as a dynam...
A Comparative Study of the Direct Internal Mammary-to-Coronary Artery Anastomosis and the Aortocoronary Vein Bypass Graft

Abstract In a comparative follow-up study of the direct internal mammary-to-coronary artery anastomosis and the aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft, 202 dogs were observed for periods of up to 48 months. The 311 flow studies in the direct internal mammary-to-coronary artery anastomosis group showed 264 patent grafts. The average flow rates were 18.3 ml. in the right internal mammary-to-right coronary artery anastomosis group and 32.2 ml. in the left internal mammary-to-left circumflex coronary artery anastomosis group. No significant degenerative changes were detected in the internal mammary arterial wall during the four-year period; however, subintimal fibrous hyperplasia was observed in the vein wall within the 3-month postoperative period.
The professional liability committee--first line of defense in malpractice claims.

The situations to avoid and the actions that a dentist can take to reduce the possibility of malpractice suits are discussed. A professional liability claims committee of a dental society advises insurance carriers on dispositions of incidents that have produced or will possibly produce litigation. The six common causes for suits against dentists are discussed, and examples are presented. Readers are asked to decide the disposition of four typical cases presented to a professional liability claims committee for decision.
Giant thermopower in carbon nanotubes: A one-dimensional Kondo system

The electrical transport properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes are shown to be strongly influenced by the presence of transition-metal impurities derived from the catalyst introduced to stimulate their growth. Data on thermoelectric power and electrical resistance in the temperature range 10‐400 K were obtained on a series of samples prepared using M-Y catalysts ~M5Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni!. The unusual transport behavior observed is tentatively assigned to an interaction between the magnetic moment of the M atom and the spin of the conduction p electrons of the nanotubes, i.e., the Kondo effect. @S0163-1829~99!50240-3# Small diameter (d,2 nm) single-wall carbon nanotubes ~SWNT! have now been prepared in sufficient yield from catalyzed carbon plasmas to allow the widespread study of the chemical and physical properties of these molecular filaments. 1 In this work, we present the results of a systematic study of the transport properties of SWNT mats produced from a series of transition-metal‐Y catalysts which show that the identity of the catalyst has a pronounced effect on the electrical transport. It is known from numerous studies on nonmagnetic metallic hosts ~X! that only ;10‐100 ppm magnetic impurity ~M! can have a dramatic effect on the electrical transport properties of the host. 2 A giant peak in the thermopower vs temperature and an associated resistivity minimum were reported in the systems X: M, where X5Au, Ag, Cu, and M 5Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. 2,3 These observations are explained theoretically as the result of an interaction between the magnetic moments of the impurity atoms and the conduction electron spins of the host. 2,3 This interaction was shown to lead to a new spin-dependent scattering mechanism and a narrow hybridization peak or ‘‘Kondo resonance’’ in the electronic density of states positioned near the Fermi energy E F . 3,4 The Kondo temperature can be written approxi
EXPOSURE TO HIGH ALTITUDE OF SHEEP WITH DIFFERENT HÆMOGLOBINS

The O2 pressure, saturation and capacity, the pH and CO2 pressure in the arterial blood of nonanaesthetized sheep were measured at two altitudes (1600 and 4340 metres). At high altitude sheep carriers of A haemoglobin had a mean arterial saturation significantly higher than the B haemoglobin carriers (86·4 ± 0·6 vs. 67·5 ± 1·0). The carriers of a mixture of A and B haemoglobins had an intermediate saturation: 77·0 ± 1·0. There was no significant difference among the three groups in arterial PO2, pH, PCO2, oxygen capacity and haematocrit.
The choice between union membership and free-rider status

Free riders are employees who are covered by collective bargaining agreements but are not union members. This article examines the choice between free-rider status and union membership. A discriminant analysis of data from the 1988Current Population Survey identifies employee characteristics that distinguish free riders from union members. Factors influencing the decision to be a free rider, including the knowledge of available options, the preferential treatment of union members, the value of reputation, and union consciousness are discussed. A probit analysis determines the extent to which earnings and proxy measures for the value of reputation and union consciousness affect free-rider status. Suggestions are made for extending the study of the free riders and for the design of internal organizing campaigns.
Persistent neonatal thyrotoxicosis in a neonate secondary to a rare thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activating mutation: case report and literature review.

Objective: To report the case of a neonate presenting with nonautoimmune thyrotoxicosis and failure to thrive in whom an activating TSHR mutation was suspected.Methods: We describe the clinical and...
Gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs alters adult expression of saccharin preference behavior in female rats.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that maternal doses of 1 μg/kg or less of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in late gestation can demasculinize and feminize reproductive behavior in male rats. However, it was not known whether coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had similar effects, or whether non-reproductive sexually dimorphic behaviors such as saccharin preference behavior were also altered. We determined the effects of TCDD or coplanar PCBs on saccharin consumption and saccharin preference in male and female rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed with 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77; 2 or 8 mg/kg/day), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126; 0.25 or 1.0 μg/kg/day), TCDD (0.025 or 0.10 μg/kg/day), or corn oil vehicle on days 10–16 of gestation. Maternal exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs did not change saccharin consumption or saccharin preference in male rats. However, TCDD and coplanar PCB-exposed females showed decreased saccharin consumption and saccharin preference. The results indicate that saccharin consumption is masculinized in female rats exposed to TCDD or coplanar PCBs during perinatal development. This effect could be related to the anti-estrogenic actions of these chemicals.
Future Convergences: Technical Communication Research as Cognitive Science

Cognitive scientist Andy Clark (2008) has argued, “the study of mind might … need to embrace a variety of different explanatory paradigms whose point of convergence lies in the production of intelligent behavior” (p. 95). This article offers technical communication research as such a paradigm and describes technical communication research past and present to argue that our disciplinary knowledge of tools, work environments, and performance assessment is a necessary complement to a more robust science of the mind.
Multiple mRNA Decapping Enzymes in Mammalian Cells

Regulation of RNA degradation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. One mechanism of eukaryotic mRNA decay proceeds through an initial deadenylation followed by 5' end decapping and exonucleolytic decay. Dcp2 is currently believed to be the only cytoplasmic decapping enzyme responsible for decapping of all mRNAs. Here we report that Dcp2 protein modestly contributes to bulk mRNA decay and surprisingly is not detectable in a subset of mouse and human tissues. Consistent with these findings, a hypomorphic knockout of Dcp2 had no adverse consequences in mice. In contrast, the previously reported Xenopus nucleolar decapping enzyme, Nudt16, is an ubiquitous cytoplasmic decapping enzyme in mammalian cells. Like Dcp2, Nudt16 also regulates the stability of a subset of mRNAs including a member of the motin family of proteins involved in angiogenesis, Angiomotin-like 2. These data demonstrate mammalian cells possess multiple mRNA decapping enzymes, including Nudt16 to regulate mRNA turnover.
Detection of small low-contrast objects in mammography: effect of viewbox masking and luminance.

Viewing conditions can affect an observer's performance in object detection. Our objective was to determine the effect of viewbox masking and luminance on the detection of small low-contrast objects revealed by mammography.Mammographic contrast-detail images having various film densities were viewed on masked and unmasked viewboxes. Similar images with fixed film contrast and density were viewed when luminance ranged from 250 to 8000 nits (1 nit = 1 cd/m2).Detection of small low-contrast objects was significantly easier using a masked viewbox with high luminance that using a regular unmasked viewbox. When a regular viewbox (approximately 3000 nits) was used masking had a more significant effect on films with high optical densities than on films with low optical densities. Brighter, masked viewboxes improved detection on films with higher optical densities.Better detection of small low-contrast objects results when mammographic images are masked and viewed on high-luminance viewboxes than when a regular un...
Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender and antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five men and 23 women ran for 30 min at 80% VO 2m ax, once before and once after 2 weeks of supplementation, and again after a 1-week wash-out period. Subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (P), antioxidant (A: 400 IU vitamin E + 1 g vitamin C), or a fruit and vegetable powder (FV) treatment. Blood was obtained at rest and immediately after exercise. Before supplementation, women had higher resting reduced gluta- thione, total glutathione, and plasma vitamin E compared with men. With both A and FV supplementations, plasma vita- min E gender differences disappeared. Protein carbonyls, oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde all increased similarly for both genders in response to exercise. Both A and FV attenuated the reduced glutathione decrease and the oxidized glu- tathione and protein carbonyls increase compared with P, with no gender differences. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine was lower with treatment A compared with FV and P only for men. Plasma vitamin C increased 39% (A) and 21% (FV) compared with P. These data indicate that women have higher resting antioxidant levels than men. Markers of oxidative stress in- creased similarly in both genders in response to exercise of similar intensity and duration. Two weeks of antioxidant sup- plementation can attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress equally in both genders.
Visual Outcomes Prognosticators in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Uveitis

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the study is to delineate the visual prognosticators in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis. Methods: The records of 43 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis who were observed for at least 6 months were studied retrospectively. Bivariate and multivariate statistical models were applied to more than 40 parameters to determine the relative odds of visual rehabilitation among patients with each characteristic. Results: Thirty-seven (86%) patients were females and 6 (14%) males. The mean known age of uveitis onset was 13 years, with females having, on average, 4 years earlier onset of disease compared to males ( P = 0.04). Ninety-three percent had chronic, 5% had recurrent, and 2% had an acute monophasic disease course. Of the 76 affected eyes, 93% were nongranulomatous and 97% had iridocyclitis. The mean overall duration of uveitis was 146 months, with females suffering from a significantly longer duration of active disease than did males ( P P = 0.006), shorter duration of uveitis ( P = 0.007), older age at disease onset ( P = 0.02), and a shorter delay in presentation to a subspecialist ( P = 0.02) were associated significantly with visual acuity improvement. Visual acuity at presentation ( P = 0.001), use of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( P = 0.01), older age at disease onset ( P = 0.02), absence of glaucomatous neuropathy ( P = 0.02), and male sex ( P = 0.03) were correlated strongly with a final visual acuity outcome of 20/40 or better. Conclusion: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis is a serious disease with a guarded visual prognosis. It is hoped that increased awareness of its prognosticators will lead to treatment and referral patterns that have the best chance of minimizing the likelihood of visual impairment in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Fatty acids markedly lower the threshold for halothane-induced calcium release from the terminal cisternae in human and porcine normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible skeletal muscle

Abstract Malignant hyperthermia is caused by an abnormal increase in Ca 2+ levels in skeletal muscle in response to anesthetics, including halothane. Since fatty acid production is elevated in skeletal muscle from individuals with malignant hyperthermia, the effects of fatty acids on the threshold of halothane-induced Ca 2+ release were examined. In the absence of fatty acids halothane caused Ca 2+ release from porcine and human heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions, but only at concentrations above the clinically relevant range. Oleic acid (20 μM), an unsaturated fatty acid, reduced the threshold at which halothane induced Ca 2+ release to concentrations used for anesthesia. Stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid had considerably less effect on the threshold of halothane action. The greater sensitivity of malignant hyperthermia muscle to halothane can be explained by elevated fatty acid production.
Some mechanical properties of a laminated metallic glass-epoxy composite

We present research that was done with the intention of fabricating a thick section of a metallic glass-epoxy composite that possesses ameasure of structural integrity and retains its amorphous nature. Amorphous metal wire was used as the reinforcement and an aerospace-grade thermoset epoxy as the matrix in the formation of a composite plate
Life Cycle, Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of Hyalinocysta chapmani (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae), a parasite of Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae) and Orthocyclops modestus (Copepoda: Cyclopidae)

The complete life cycle of the microsporidium Hyalinocysta chapmani is described from the primary mosquito host Culiseta melanura and the intermediate copepod host Orthocyclops modestus. Infections are initiated in larval C. melanura following the oral ingestion of uninucleate spores from infected copepods. Spores germinate within the lumen of the midgut and directly invade fat body tissue where all development occurs. Uninucleated schizonts undergo binary division (schizogony) followed by karyokinesis (nuclear division) to form diplokaryotic meronts. Merogony is by synchronous binary division. The onset of sporogony is characterized by the simultaneous secretion of a sporophorous vesicle and meiotic division of the diplokaryon resulting in the formation of eight ovoid meiospores enclosed within a sporophorous vesicle. Most infected larvae die during the fourth stadium and there is no evidence of a developmental sequence leading to vertical transmission. Hyalinocysta chapmani is horizontally transmitted to O. modestus via oral ingestion of meiospores. Infections become established within ovarian tissue of females and all parasite development is haplophasic. Uninucleate schizonts divide by binary division during an initial schizogonic cycle. Newly formed uninucleate cells produce a thin sporophorous vesicle and undergo repeated nuclear division during sporogony to produce a rosette-shaped, multinucleated sporogonial plasmodium with up to 18 nuclei. This is followed by cytoplasmic cleavage, sporogenesis, and disintegration of the sporophorous vesicle to form membrane-free uninucleate spores. Infected females eventually die and there is no egg development. The small subunit rDNA sequence of H. chapmani isolated from meiospores from C. melanura was identical to the small subunit rDNA sequence obtained from spores from O. modestus, corroborating the laboratory transmission studies and confirming the intermediary role of O modestus in the life cycle. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted with closely related microsporidia from mosquitoes. Hyalinocysta chapmani did not cluster within described Amblyospora species and can be considered a sister group, warranting separate genus status.
Modulation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination by mouse striatal A1 adenosinergic receptor

Abstract We have demonstrated that ethanol-induced motor incoordination is modulated by cerebellar adenosine A 1 receptor. This study represents an extension into another important brain motor area, the striatum that, unlike cerebellum, has high density of both A 1 and A 2A receptors. Direct intra-striatal micro-infusion of Ro15-4513 (0.05, 0.5, 1 ng), a partial inverse-agonist of benzodiazepine, significantly and nearly dose-dependently attenuated ethanol-induced motor incoordination indicating mediation of ethanol’s motor incoordination by striatum. Intra-striatal A 1 -selective agonist N 6 -cyclohexyladenosine (CHA; 1, 2, 4 ng), A 1 = A 2A non-selective agonist, 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA; 1.5, 3, 6 ng), and A 1 -selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 25, 50, 100 ng) dose-dependently accentuated and attenuated, respectively, ethanol-induced motor incoordination, strongly suggesting modulation by striatal adenosine A 1 receptor. Intra-striatal DPCPX significantly antagonized not only ethanol-induced motor incoordination but also its potentiation by intra-striatal CHA, R-(+)-N 6 -(2-phenylisopropyladenosine) (R-PIA), or NECA. No change in motor coordination occurred after the highest dose of CHA, R-PIA, or NECA followed by saline. Similarly, the highest intra-striatal dose of Ro15-4513 or DPCPX neither altered motor coordination or locomotor activity indicating relative selectivity of interaction with ethanol. Nearly 25-fold higher dose of A 2A -selective agonist, CGS-21680, compared to CHA was necessary to produce a comparable potentiation of ethanol’s motor incoordination perhaps suggesting a lack of or less significant striatal A 2A involvement. Intra-striatal pertussis toxin (0.5 μg) pre-treatment markedly attenuated ethanol-induced motor incoordination as well as its potentiation by intra-striatal CHA. These results support that striatum is one of the brain motor areas mediating the motor impairing effects of acute ethanol and that the latter’s modulation occurs via A 1 -selective receptors coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins.
Innovation in child psychoanalytic training: an implementation study.

Abstract A five-year evaluative research project regarding an innovation in psychoanalytic training within institutes of the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA) was conducted through the Committee on Child and Adolescent Analysis (COCAA) of its Board on Professional Standards, which led to significant policy changes within APsaA's Principles and Standards of Education. Eleven candidates at four different institutes (Columbia, Denver, Houston-Galveston, and St. Louis) entered a pilot training program for child and adolescent analysis without the requirement of adult training. Satisfaction with training and supervision in these programs was rated high by candidates, faculty, and program directors, with additional flexibility for child analytic training seen as an advantage. The limitations and implications of this implementation study are discussed, including its encouragement of educational evaluation and further research.
Model Selection using the Minimum Description Length Principle

Abstract The minimum description length (MDL) principle articulated in the last decade by Rissanen and his co-workers yields new criteria for statistical model selection. MDL criteria permit data-based choices from among alternative statistical descriptions of data without necessarily assuming that the data were sampled randomly. This article explains the MDL principle informally, indicates the criteria it yields in the common cases of multinomial distributions and Gaussian regression, and illustrates MDL's use with numerical examples. We hope thereby to stimulate experimentation and debate about the pedagogical and practical implications of the MDL approach.
Apolipoprotein E affects serial changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescent girls: Project HeartBeat!

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism is a genetic determinant of lipid and lipoprotein levels and the risk for coronary heart disease. The extent to which serial patterns of change in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations varied by apo E genotype was therefore investigated in 247 Caucasian girls aged 8 to 14 at baseline who were participating in Project HeartBeat!, a mixed longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor development in children. Plasma lipid concentrations were determined for each participant three times per year (every 4 months) for up to 4 years from October 1991 through August 1995. Mean total cholesterol values for individuals with ϵ23, ϵ33, and ϵ34 genotypes were 141.7, 161.6, and 165.9 mg/dL, respectively (P < .001). Corresponding LDL-C values for individuals with ϵ23, ϵ33, and ϵ34 genotypes were 74.6, 94.8, and 98.7 mg/dL, respectively (P < .001). The results of longitudinal modeling indicated that age trajectories for total cholesterol and LDL-C varied significantly by apo E genotype. Individuals with ϵ33 and ϵ34 genotypes exhibited similar patterns of change in total cholesterol and LDL-C from ages 8 to 18, while individuals with the ϵ23 genotype demonstrated a significantly different pattern of change (age2 × genotype interaction, P < .05). For example, individuals with the ϵ23 genotype showed a slight increase in total cholesterol from approximately 141 to 146 mg/dL from ages 8 to 10; total cholesterol then decreased monotonically from ages 10 to 18 from 146 to 115 mg/dL. The apo E effect on total cholesterol and LDL-C and their change during adolescence is strong and may be modified by factors affecting growth, maturation, and reproductive function.
Enhanced Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Thunderstorms Ingesting Smoke from Fires

Smoke from forest fires in southern Mexico was advected into the U.S. southern plains from April to June 1998. Cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite-mapped aerosol plumes imply that thunderstorms forming in smoke-contaminated air masses generated large amounts of lightning with positive polarity (+CGs). During 2 months, nearly half a million flashes in the southern plains exhibited +CG percentages that were triple the climatological norm. The peak currents in these +CGs were double the expected value. These thunderstorms also produced abnormally high numbers of mesospheric optical sprites.
DEVELOPMENT OF BICELLULAR FOLIAR SECRETORY CAVITIES IN WHITE SNAKEROOT, EUPATORIUM RUGOSUM (ASTERACEAE).

Bicellular secretory cavities in Eupatorium rugosum occur only in foliar mesophyll, distributed uniformly from leaf tip to base, with a mean density of 450 per mm2 . They are absent from petiole and all other vegetative and floral organs. Each cavity contains an oily droplet, which is surrounded by two cup-shaped cells. An initial cell divides into two equal cavity cells with their shared wall always perpendicular to the epidermis. After vacuoles form, each protoplast retracts from the other and deposits a new, callosic wall around the cavity, and a thicker callose deposit on the remaining shared walls outside of the cavity. The original shared wall remains intact across the cavity until maturity. It is pulled taut by cavity cell growth and restricts further expansion except in one paradermal direction. Later, this shared wall disappears from the cavity. An oily fluid of unknown composition is secreted into the enlarging cavity. Because bicellular cavities develop neither lysigenously nor in true schizogenous fashion, we propose the term "pseudoschizogeny" for this type of development. Unusual, or perhaps unique, features of this cavity: bicellular condition, protoplast retraction from the common shared wall, and deposition of a callose wall. Preliminary results of a survey of Eupatorium show that bicellular cavities are uncommon but widely distributed geographically.
Digital RF processor (DRP/spl trade/) for cellular phones

RF circuits for multi-GHz frequencies have recently migrated to low-cost digital deep-submicron CMOS processes. Unfortunately, this process environment, which is optimized only for digital logic and SRAM memory, is extremely unfriendly for conventional analog and HF designs. We present fundamental techniques recently developed that transform the RF and analog circuit design complexity to digital domain for a wireless RF transceiver, so that it enjoys the benefits of digital approach, such as process node scaling and design automation. All-digital phase locked loop, all-digital control of phase and amplitude of a polar transmitter, and direct HF sampling techniques allow great flexibility in reconfigurable radio design. Digital signal processing concepts are used to help relieve analog design complexity, allowing one to reduce cost and power consumption in a reconfigurable design environment. Software layers are defined to enable these architectures to develop an efficient software defined radio. VHDL hardware description language is universally used throughout this SoC. The ideas presented have been used in Texas Instruments to develop two generations of commercial digital RF processors: a single-chip Bluetooth radio and a single-chip GSM radio.
Measuring the efficiency of decision making units

Abstract A nonlinear (nonconvex) programming model provides a new definition of efficiency for use in evaluating activities of not-for-profit entities participating in public programs. A scalar measure of the efficiency of each participating unit is thereby provided, along with methods for objectively determining weights by reference to the observational data for the multiple outputs and multiple inputs that characterize such programs. Equivalences are established to ordinary linear programming models for effecting computations. The duals to these linear programming models provide a new way for estimating extremal relations from observational data. Connections between engineering and economic approaches to efficiency are delineated along with new interpretations and ways of using them in evaluating and controlling managerial behavior in public programs.
Case Study in the Evolution of Sustainability: Baxter International Inc.

Baxter International Inc. (Baxter) is a global, diversified healthcare company based in Deerfield, IL. In 2011, Baxter had sales of $13.9 billion and employed approximately 48,500 people worldwide (Baxter’s 2011 Sustainability Report). Baxter is also recognized for its efforts toward environmental/sustainability performance and reporting. The company defines sustainability as ‘a long-term approach to including our social, economic and environmental responsibilities among our business priorities. Baxter’s efforts in this area align with and support our mission of saving and sustaining lives.’ This case study attempts to analyze the progress of the company on its journey along the path toward sustainability. The formal environmental initiatives at Baxter were started in the 1970s. The acquisition of American Hospital Supply Corporation intensified the environmental challenges for the company. A new environmental course was set in the 1990s that led to the development of the State-of-the-Art (SOA) Environmental Standards. At this time, the company started measuring its efforts and began publishing an Environmental Financial Statement in its annual public Environmental Report. In 2005, an executive level Sustainability Steering Committee was proposed and subsequently created in 2006 to accelerate the integration of sustainability within all facets of the organization. This case study articulates the evolution of Sustainability at Baxter Inc. As a result of its efforts, Baxter has received numerous awards and accolades for its efforts in sustainability performance and reporting. For example, in 2011 Newsweek Magazine ranked Baxter the 4th greenest company in the United States (Newsweek Magazine, October 17, 2011, accessed online at http://www.baxter.com/press_room/features/2011/newsweek_green_rankings.html ). Going forward, it would be noteworthy to see whether Baxter can keep up its momentum and continue to be a sustainability leader.
Exploring collaborative technology utilization in retailer–supplier performance

Abstract This study examines the technological investments that retail managers must effectively manage in conjunction with supplier partners to reap superior gains. Today retailers are warming up to the benefits of implementing partnering technologies that provide them with much needed informational and relational resource linkages. This study supports the importance of effective management of supply chain technologies from a retail perspective. Ultimately, this study calls for retail managers and researchers to embrace partner based technology harnessing informational and relational resources that drive overall performance — even more so if they are ready to implement technology.
Separation, Concentration, and Properties of Alpha-Amylase from Cows’ Milk

Summary The presence in milk of α-amylase was confirmed. Analyses for the enzyme in milk and fractions thereof were made by measuring the rate of decrease in viscosity of starch paste with Ostwald viscosimeters. Analysis of milk and that dialyzed with various added salts revealed that the enzyme requires both calcium and chloride for activity. When milk proteins were fractionated, much of the α-amylase activity was concentrated into the lactoglobulin fraction precipitated from whey at 43% saturation with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The enzyme was further concentrated by dissolving the lactoglobulin in a solvent consisting of ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water in the ratio of 15:29:56 by volume, adsorbing it upon rice starch and eluting with saturated CaSO 4 solution. A preparation with 30 times the specific activity of lactoglobulin and containing 20% of the total activity of the lactoglobulin from which it was prepared, had starch liquefying, dextrinizing, and saccharifying properties. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 7.4 at 34° C. The energy of activation of the catalyzed reaction, measured by starch liquefaction, was 8,500 calories per mole. The enzyme was progressively inactivated by 30-min. heating between 45 and 52° C. at pH 6.4. A plot of velocity vs. velocity/substrate concentration was linear, indicating a single enzyme entity.
A computer program for fitting and statistically analyzing initial rate data applied to bovine hexokinase type III isozyme.

Abstract Initial rate kinetics were used to study the kinetic mechanism of bovine liver Type III hexokinase (EC 3.7.1.1). The kinetic data were fit to initial rate equations with a computer program written in OMNITAB language. The correct weights to be used in the fitting of the kinetic data were obtained by replicate sample analysis and the effect of various weighting schemes upon the kinetic parameters are shown. The computer program can be changed to evaluate a variety of mathematical models by changing a single command statement in the OMNITAB program. It was concluded from experiments with the dead-end inhibitors for substrates, N -acetylglucosamine and ATP 4− , that the kinetic mechanism is Random Bi Bi. Product inhibition experiments suggest that although the kinetic mechanism is random it may not involve rapid equilibration of enyzme and substrate interaction steps prior to the interconversion of the productive ternary complexes. Bovine liver Type III hexokinase appears to be inhibited by inorganic orthophosphate in the physiological range found in calf liver. This effect appears to be a result of the fact that phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of ATP.
Combined effects of MoO3 interlayer and PC70BM on polymer photovoltaic device performance

Abstract The performance of bulk-heterojunction solar cells fabricated from a donor–acceptor structured polymer designed to exhibit the color green (PGREEN) as the electron-donor, along with [6,6]-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) as the electron-acceptor, are demonstrated with power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 3.2% under air mass 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2. The effects of anode interface layers (PEDOT:PSS, MoO3) and different acceptors (PC60BM, bis-PC60BM, PC70BM) on the cell performance were investigated. We found that the combined effect of PC70BM and a MoO3 anode interlayer exhibits a 69% enhancement in PCE compared to cells with PEDOT:PSS and PC60BM. This enhancement in PCE is attributed to combined effects of improved charge transport and strong light absorption by PC70BM, and efficient hole extraction by the MoO3 interlayer.
Minimizing makespan on a batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes using genetic algorithms

Abstract This paper aims at minimizing the makespan for a batch-processing machine. The processing times and the sizes of the jobs are known. The machine can process a batch as long as its capacity is not exceeded. The processing time of a batch is the longest processing time of all the jobs in that batch. This problem is NP-hard and hence a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is proposed. Random instances were used to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results obtained from GA were compared with a simulated annealing approach and a commercial solver. The results indicate that the GA was able to arrive at better makespan with shorter run times.
New bounds on the sedimentation velocity for hard, charged and adhesive hard-sphere colloids

The sedimentation velocity of colloidal dispersions is known from experiment and theory at dilute concentrations to be quite sensitive to the interparticle potential with attractions/repulsions increasing/decreasing the rate significantly at intermediate volume fractions. Since the differences necessarily disappear at close packing, this implies a substantial maximum in the rate for attractions. This paper describes the derivation of a robust upper bound on the velocity that reflects these trends quantitatively and motivates wider application of a simple theory formulated for hard spheres. The treatment pertains to sedimentation velocities slow enough that Brownian motion sustains an equilibrium microstructure without large-scale inhomogeneities in density.