cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phagemid Encoded Small Molecules for High Throughput Screening of Chemical Libraries

A new strategy for monovalently displaying small molecules on phage surfaces was developed and applied to high throughput screening for molecules with high binding affinity to the target protein. Peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) excised from nonribosomal peptide synthetase was monovalently displayed on the surface of M13 phage as pIII fusion proteins. Small molecules of diverse structures were conjugated to coenzyme A (CoA) and then covalently attached to the phage displayed PCP by Sfp phosphopantetheinyl transferase. Because Sfp is broadly promiscuous for the transfer of small molecule linked phosphopantetheinyl moieties to apo PCP domains, this approach will enable displaying libraries of small molecules on phage surfaces. Unique 20-base-pair (bp) DNA sequences were also incorporated into the phagemid DNA so that each compound displayed on the phage surface was encoded by a DNA bar code encapsulated inside the phage coat protein. Single round selection of phage displayed small molecules achieved more than...
Determination of trace elements in shellfish tissue samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The determination of trace elements in shellfish tissue samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been investigated. After determination of major and minor inorganic elements by ICP atomic emission spectrometry (AES), the internal standardization was discussed as a correction method for matrix effects in ICP-MS. The results obtained by quadrupole (Q)-ICP-MS after acid digestion almost agreed well with reported values. The high resolution (HR)-ICP-MS technique was applied to the determinations of V, Cr, Co, Ni and As in order to remove the mass spectral overlapping caused by polyatomic ions. A sealed bomb decomposition was also discussed for the determinations of As, Se and Hg. The lanthanide patterns obtained by Leedy chondrite normalization showed smooth curves.
Extinction of appetitive learning is disrupted by cycloheximide and propranolol in the sand maze in rats.

Abstract The present study investigated whether memory for extinction in an appetitive task (the sand maze) could be attenuated by administration of cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor) or propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist). Ninety-day-old male Long-Evans rats were trained to retrieve a sweet cereal reinforcer from an open container in the sand maze. One day following this non-spatial training, rats received three extinction trials in which they were placed in the maze with the reinforcer present, but unattainable. Thirty minutes prior to the first extinction trial, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of cycloheximide (1 mg/kg), propranolol (25 mg/kg), or vehicle (1 mg/kg distilled water). Twenty-four hours later, rats were tested in the sand maze with the reinforcer again available. Results from the test trial showed that both cycloheximide and propranolol groups found the reinforcer more quickly than controls. Two weeks later, rats were trained on a spatial version of the sand maze in which they had to search for a buried reinforcer using extramaze cues. Cycloheximide and propranolol groups learned this task significantly faster than the control group, demonstrating the long-lasting effect of cycloheximide and propranolol on the blocking of memory for extinction.
Delayed retroactive inhibition with categorized lists

Recall of List 1 was tested immediately and at 24 h following the learning of blocked, categorized lists in a conventional retroactive inhibition (RI) design. Significant RI was found only at 24 h. The results were discussed in terms of loss of list differentiation with time.
Meal Fat Storage in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue – Comparison of Pioglitazone and Glipizide Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with pioglitazone changes abdominal fat in the opposite direction as treatment with glipizide. To determine whether these two medications affect adipose tissue meal fatty acid storage differently we studied 19 T2DM treated with either pioglitazone (n = 8) or glipizide (n = 11) and 11 non-DM control subjects matched for age, BMI, abdominal and leg fat. A breakfast mixed meal containing [1-(14)C]triolein was given and abdominal and femoral subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue biopsies were collected 6 and 24 h later to measure meal fatty acid storage. The portion of meal fatty acids stored in upper body sc and lower body sc adipose tissue did not differ between non-DM and T2DM subjects either at 6 or 24 h. Likewise, meal fatty acid storage did not differ between the T2DM participants treated with pioglitazone or glipizide. We conclude that meal fatty acid storage in upper body and lower body sc adipose tissue is not abnormal in T2DM patients treated with pioglitazone or glipizide.
Pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): laboratory studies on the effect of cotton plant material on mating and oviposition of laboratory-reared and feral moths.

Percentages of mating and spermatophores per female of feral but not laboratory-reared pink boll worm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths were increased near cotton plant material. Oviposition of feral and laboratory-reared moths increased near cotton plant material. Laboratory-reared pairs tended to begin mating about 1 to 2 h earlier than feral moths. Time in copula ranged from 67 to 81 min and 67 to 79 min for laboratory-reared and feral moth pairs, respectively. Feral female moths laid a higher percentage (66%) of their eggs on the cotton plant material, whereas laboratory-reared females laid a higher percentage (90%) on paper towel oviposition substrates.
Electrostatic force generation in chromosome motions during mitosis

In previous work, I have proposed that nanoscale electrostatics plays a significant role in aster (spindle) assembly and motion, and in force generation at kinetochores and chromosome arms for prometaphase, metaphase and anaphase-A motions during mitosis. I have also discussed the possible role of electrostatics in anaphase-B cell elongation. Recent experimental studies have revealed that force production at spindle poles dominates in some cell types. The present work extends the model for motion producing electrostatic interactions during prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase-A to include force generation at spindle poles. Microtubule heterodimer subunits are electric dipolar structures that can act as intermediaries, extending electric fields over cellular distances in spite of ionic screening. This enables nanoscale electrostatic interactions to provide the force, localized at kinetochores, spindle poles, and chromosome arms, to move chromosomes during mitosis. It will be argued that such Debye-screened nanoscale electrostatic interactions can provide a minimal assumptions, comprehensive model for post-attachment chromosome motions during mitosis consistent with experimental observations.
Torsional oscillations in symmetrical structures

Abstract A two-time perturbation technique is used to study the lateral and torsional motions of a nonlinear symmetrical structure subject to a lateral sinusoidal ground motion. It is shown that when the ground acceleration frequency is about one-third of or three times the natural frequency of the lateral motion, the symmetrical structure is particularly susceptible to torsional oscillations even when the natural frequency of torsion is not close to the natural frequency of the lateral motion. The implication of this type of nonlinear coupling between the lateral and torsional motions in real structures subject to earthquakes is also discussed.
Suppression of terrain-scattered jamming in pulse compression radar

This letter presents research results on a new method for the suppression of terrain-scattered clutter due to jamming of the radar footprint. The method applies temporal adaptive filtering to the received radar signal that removes the correlated clutter component. This approach relies on the transmitted radar signal having coded phases, such as a discretized chirp or polyphase waveform. Because of the prior knowledge of coded phase of the transmitted waveform, it is not necessary to have an auxiliary record of the jamming signal to achieve clutter suppression. >
Information Resources Management: Improving the Focus

The term IRM has been used for many years in different contexts and with different meanings. This article classifies the IRM literature into three different groups. Each group has a different view of IRM: the management of information resources, the management of systems development, and the management of the resources used to produce information. The author argues in favor of the last view of IRM.
Incentives for the identification and treatment of children with disabilities: the supplemental security income program

Abstract This paper examines how Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefit availability and generosity affect the probability that families identify health problems in their children and move onto the SSI rolls. First, I observe that a liberalization of SSI eligibility in 1990 was followed by a substantial re-evaluation of the health status of low-income children by their parents. Then, I find that increases in SSI benefits raise the likelihood that a family identifies a chronic impairment in their child. My results indicate that cash assistance targeted on children with disabilities promotes the detection and treatment of medical problems in low-income children.
Development and characterization of a tissue culture cell line with essential fatty acid deficiency.

Abstract We have developed an essential fatty acid-deficient cell line from a parental cell line, HSDM1C1, which metabolizes arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This cell line, designated EFD-1, is depleted of arachidonate, is unable to synthesize PGE2 in response to bradykinin, and has changes in fatty acid composition characteristic of tissues from animals with essential fatty acid deficiency. Within 15 min of repletion by arachidonate, the ability to synthesize PGE2 is restored. Linoleate also is able to restore PGE2 synthesis, indicating that deficient cells contain both the rate-limiting delta 6 desaturase enzyme and the delta 5 desaturase enzyme, which are required to form arachidonate. When parental cells are incubated in lipid-free medium, there is rapid induction of the ability to convert linoleate to arachidonate. Arachidonate prevents this induction, suggesting that icosanoid precursor availability controls the rate of arachidonate formation.
BREEDING SYSTEMS IN ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA L., A. SYRIACA L., AND A. VERTICILLATA L.

A series of experimental pollinations involving three sympatric species provided strong evidence for physiological and/or genetic barriers to hybridization in Asclepias. Pollen tubes were observed to penetrate the style in some interspecific crosses of all species pairs. Aniline blue fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated pollen tube penetration of foreign ovules following pollinations between A. incarnata and A. verticillata. However, none of the 279 total pollinations attempted between species yielded mature seed, indicating the presence of late pre-fertilization or early post-fertilization incompatibility. Intraspecific pollinations in greenhouse and field populations revealed greater crossability between populations than within populations of a single species. Self-pollinations of A. verticillata were unsuccessful, while 29% and 4%o of those of A. incarnata and A. syriaca, respectively, yielded mature follicles. It is suggested that the potential for autogamy, combined with floral mechanisms requiring pollination by insects, insure the advantages of both the genetic variability promoted by outcrossing and the reproductive assurance of uniparental reproduction. Strong reproductive barriers between species reduce the change of intergradation where species occur sympatrically. EVER SINCE DARWIN S STUDY (1876) of the effects of cross-pollination in plants and the subsequent recognition of a hereditary basis for his observations, botanists have emphasized the importance of allogamous breeding systems in maintaining genetic variability in plant populations. More recently, Solbrig
Monitoring critical success factors across selected business strategies

This research investigates executive monitoring of critical success factors (CSF) across selected business strategies. Based on a sample of 124 organizations, the extent, importance, and consistency in executive monitoring are examined, as well as the degree to which differences exist across the four strategy types proposed in the Miles-Snow typology. The study concludes that different monitoring patterns are associated with the various strategy types.
Annual Costs of Illness versus Lifetime Costs of Illness and Implications of Structural Change

Annual, or prevalence, costs of illness typically measure the costs during a year (the base period) of manifestations of disease that may have had its onset during or any time prior to the base year. Lifetime, or incidence, costs of illness include costs incurred from onset until cure or death, which can extend over many years. While annual costs estimate the burden of illness during a year, lifetime costs more appropriately measure the benefits of changes in incidence of disease, as might result from prevention or successful intervention during the course of disease. There are two important conceptual dktinctions between annual and lifetime costs: (I) the liming of costs, or the time period(s) during which costs are counted, and (2) the influence of time on the underlying structure that generates costs of illness. From these conceptual differences follow important empirical differences. Annual costs require observing costs during the recent past, irrespective, for example, of the present stage of disease in an individual and its influence on costs. Lifetime costs, on the other hand, require knowledge of the natural history of disease and the concomitant use of medical care and projections of future costs over the course of the disease. Although conceptually quite distinct, lifetime costs are frequently estimated from current cross-section profiles of costs for patients at various stages in the disease process and may be derived directly from annual costs using fewer data and with little loss in accuracy. Since estimates of lifetime costs typically involve projecting future costs, possibly decades away, it is important to consider the impact on future costs of changes in parameters that determine costs. One of the most important of these, and usually neglected, is technological change, which has had a pervasive and significant influence on medical care costs. In times of rapid change in medical care technology and its diffusion, estimates of lifetime costs may be seriously biased if potential structural change is not taken into account.
Eye-gaze and arrow cues influence elementary sound perception

We report a novel effect in which the visual perception of eye-gaze and arrow cues change the way we perceive sound. In our experiments, subjects first saw an arrow or gazing face, and then heard a brief sound originating from one of six locations. Perceived sound origins were shifted in the direction indicated by the arrows or eye-gaze. This perceptual shift was equivalent for both arrows and gazing faces and was unaffected by facial expression, consistent with a generic, supramodal attentional influence by exogenous cues.
Inflation Effects on Financial Performance and Structure of the Farm Sector

the general price level. As Samuelson and others point out, the problem with inflation is not so much price increases, but rather the inefficiencies and inequities that result from inflation-induced changes in relative prices. Relative price changes affect supply-demand relationships for both factor and product markets. Changes in these relationships in turn influence the level and distribution of income, asset values, cash flows, debt, net worth, and structural characteristics of farm firms. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview of inflation's impact on the financial performance and structure of the farm sector.
Colitis associated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Summary Background Docetaxel and vinorelbine as combined treatment for metastatic breast cancer can have the dose-limiting toxic effects of mucositis and neutropenic fever. We report unexpected ischaemic colitis in six patients associated with docetaxel-based therapy, three of whom were treated in a phase I study designed to establish the maximum tolerated dose of this combination with the prophylactic use of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Methods Between August, 1997, and December, 1998, 14 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with vinorelbine, docetaxel, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in a phase I study. Three patients developed colitis similar to that seen in typhlitis. Three additional patients were identified during scheduled review of toxic effects in patients participating in clinical trials involving docetaxel. Findings Three patients on combined vinorelbine and docetaxel developed colitis-like symptoms. Two patients died, one from necrotic bowel and the other from neutropenic fever and colitis. Two of the patients presented on day 7 and day 8 of chemotherapy, respectively, with neutropenic fever and abdominal pain; the third patient developed neutropenia without fever and abdominal pain on day 8. The other three patients were treated with docetaxel, docetaxel and pamidronate disodium, or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide. All three patients presented with abdominal pain on days 10, 5, and 4, respectively. One had non-neutropenic fever, another had neutropenic fever, and the third was afebrile and nonneutropenic at the time of presentation with abdominal pain. Three patients had blood in their diarrhoea, abdominal tenderness, or both. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed features of colitis in three patients. Interpretation This serious complication may result from the use of docetaxel and may be exacerbated by its combination with vinorelbine. Study of hospital-based patients treated with taxane-based chemotherapy is underway to find out the frequency of such complications.
The relationship between temporal aspects of oral-nasal balance and classification of velopharyngeal status in speakers with cleft palate.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether temporal patterns of oral-nasal balance differentiate speakers with cleft palate who exhibit adequate and inadequate velopharyngeal function. Design: The Nasal Accelerometric Vibrational Index (NAVI) was used to measure the time course and amplitude of oral-nasal balance during the productions of syllables, words, and sentences. The measures obtained include mean amplitude, time integral (area under the curve), absolute duration, relative duration, rise time, and fall time. Participants: The subjects for this study were 20 children with repaired cleft palates with or without cleft lip. Ten children (aged 5 through 18 years) were assigned to the velopharyngeal competence (VPC) group (normal oral-nasal resonance, no nasal emission of air). Ten children (aged 3 through 19) were assigned to the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) group (hypernasal speech, velopharyngeal gap observed via nasal endoscopy). Results: Both mean amplitude...
Incomplete Routes to Moral Objectivity: Four Variants of Naturalism *

The search for moral objectivity has been constant throughout the history of philosophy, although interpretations of the nature and scope of objectivity have varied. One aim of the pursuit of moral objectivity has been the demonstration of what may be termed its epistemological thesis , that is, the claim that the truth of assertions of the goodness or rightness of moral acts is as legitimate, reliable, or valid as the truth of assertions involving other forms of human knowledge, such as common sense, practical expertise, science, or mathematics. Another aim of the quest for moral objectivity may be termed its pragmatic formulation ; this refers to the development of a method or procedure that will mediate among conflicting moral views in order to realize a convergence or justified agreement about warranted or true moral conclusions. In the ethical theories of Aristotle, David Hume, and John Dewey, theories that represent three of the four variants of ethical naturalism (defined below) that are surveyed in this essay, the epistemological thesis and the pragmatic formulation are integrated or combined. The distinction between these two elements is significant for the present essay, however, since I want to show that linguistic naturalism, the fourth variant I shall examine, has provided a demonstration of the epistemological thesis about moral knowledge, even if the pragmatic formulation has not been successfully realized.
Femtosecond pulse spectral synthesis in coherently-spectrally combined multi-channel fiber chirped pulse amplifiers

We demonstrate coherent spectral beam combining and femtosecond pulse spectral synthesis using three parallel fiber chirped pulse amplifiers, each amplifying different ultrashort-pulse spectra. This proof-of-concept experiment opens a path to simultaneously overcome individual-amplifier energy and power limitations, as well as limitations on amplified pulse spectra due to the gain narrowing in a single fiber amplifier.
PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEACH PECTINESTERASE

Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) was extracted from peaches (Prunus persica) and partially purified by preparative free solution isoelectric focusing. On SDS-PAGE gels, protein bands at 36.3 and 33.9 kilodaltons represented the major bands; minor bands were observed at 108.4, 40.7, and 17.0 kilodaltons. The pH optimum for pectinesterase activity in the partially purified extract was 8.0. The enzyme was stable at 30°C for 30 min between pH values of 5 and 8. Peach pectinesterase is stable when heated at 55°C for 5 min in 0.1 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7, buffer. However, residual activity decreased to 23% of 65°C for 5 min and was inactivated at 70°C for 5 min. The energy of activation of peach pectinesterase was determined to be 34, 600 J/mol °K. The Q10 between 30°C and 60°C was estimated to be 1.5–1.6.
A molecular phylogeny of the Thaliacea

Thaliaceans are gelatinous holoplanktonic tunicates comprised of around 72 described species in three orders: the Pyrosomatida (pyrosomes), Salpida (salps) and Doliolida (doliolids). Despite their interesting biology and important role in ocean ecosystems, relatively little is known about their evolutionary relationships with other tunicate lineages and with each other. Here, using 40 newly obtained 18S rDNA sequences, we present a molecular phylogeny of the Thaliacea. Our results show the pyrosomes branching off first and support their division into the Pyrostremmatinae and Pyrosomatinae. Within the Salpida, we found the subfamily Salpinae is paraphyletic with the morphologically divergent Cyclosalpinae. We also resolved the uncertainty regarding Weelia (Salpa) cylindrica, finding it to be relatively distantly related to Salpa aspera, Salsa maxima, Salpa fusiformis and Salsa thompsoni.
Movement frames and African women's explanations for opposing female genital cutting

This article addresses how people account for their beliefs and what social factors affect or determine those accounts. Considering the explanations women in five African countries give for their o...
Monetary and financial cooperation in Asia: taking stock of recent ongoings

Ever since the currency crisis of 1997–98, there has been a great deal of interest in enhancing regional economic cooperation in Asia. It is important to keep in mind that economic regionalism is of multidimensional nature. The focus of this paper is on policy initiatives underway in Asia to enhance monetary and financial regionalism and the analytical bases for these initiatives, rather than on examining the de facto level of financial and monetary links that already exists (which may or may not have been facilitated via regional policy mechanisms). There are many gradations of monetary and financial regionalism, ranging from the weak form involving regional policy dialog and surveillance, on the one hand, to exchange rate and monetary coordination, on the other. To maintain focus, this paper concentrates more narrowly on ‘medium forms’ of monetary and financial regionalism, broadly defined as the development of regional liquidity arrangements and regional financial markets.
Gene symbol disambiguation using knowledge-based profiles

Motivation: The ambiguity of biomedical entities, particularly of gene symbols, is a big challenge for text-mining systems in the biomedical domain. Existing knowledge sources, such as Entrez Gene and the MEDLINE database, contain information concerning the characteristics of a particular gene that could be used to disambiguate gene symbols. Results: For each gene, we create a profile with different types of information automatically extracted from related MEDLINE abstracts and readily available annotated knowledge sources. We apply the gene profiles to the disambiguation task via an information retrieval method, which ranks the similarity scores between the context where the ambiguous gene is mentioned, and candidate gene profiles. The gene profile with the highest similarity score is then chosen as the correct sense. We evaluated the method on three automatically generated testing sets of mouse, fly and yeast organisms, respectively. The method achieved the highest precision of 93.9% for the mouse, 77.8% for the fly and 89.5% for the yeast. Availability: The testing data sets and disambiguation programs are available at http://www.dbmi.columbia.edu/~hux7002/gsd2006 Contact: friedman@dbmi.columbia.edu
Sox17 promotes differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells by directly regulating extraembryonic gene expression and indirectly antagonizing self-renewal

In embryonic stem (ES) cells, a well-characterized transcriptional network promotes pluripotency and represses gene expression required for differentiation. In comparison, the transcriptional networks that promote differentiation of ES cells and the blastocyst inner cell mass are poorly understood. Here, we show that Sox17 is a transcriptional regulator of differentiation in these pluripotent cells. ES cells deficient in Sox17 fail to differentiate into extraembryonic cell types and maintain expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors, including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. In contrast, forced expression of Sox17 down-regulates ES cell-associated gene expression and directly activates genes functioning in differentiation toward an extraembryonic endoderm cell fate. We show these effects of Sox17 on ES cell gene expression are mediated at least in part through a competition between Sox17 and Nanog for common DNA-binding sites. By elaborating the function of Sox17, our results provide insight into how the transcriptional network promoting ES cell self-renewal is interrupted, allowing cellular differentiation.
Wanted: A Better Psychological Understanding of How Individuals Integrate “Big Data” Into Their Decision Making

Businesses, governments, universities, hospitals, law enforcement agencies, and other organizations are increasingly collecting and analyzing data to inform decision making. This “big data” movement has benefited from the contributions of a number of academic disciplines, including mathematics, statistics, and computer science. The technical advances involved in big data have grown exponentially in recent years, thus contributing to its growing use by organizations, the experience of which contributes to further refinements and so forth. This cycle of technical advancement is likely to continue into the foreseeable future.
Affine Lie algebras and vertex operator algebras

In this chapter we shall discuss standard (or integrable highest weight) representations of affine Kac-Moody algebras from the point of view of vertex operator algebra theory. This will also provide the setting for the next chapter. We restrict our attention to a simple Lie algebra G of type A, D or E. Let G be the corresponding affine Lie algebra and let l be a positive integer. We show that a certain distinguished one of the level l standard G-modules L(l,0) has the structure of a vertex operator algebra and that every level l standard G-module, at least every such module which can be obtained from the tensor product of l basic modules (i.e., level 1 standard modules for affine Lie algebras of type Â, D or E), is an irreducible module for this vertex operator algebra. Conversely, every irreducible module for the vertex operator algebra L(l, 0) is also a standard (G-module of level l. The Virasoro algebra for the vertex operator algebra L(l,0) comes from a canonical vertex operator associated with the (suitably normalized) Casimir operator for G. Using an abelian intertwining algebra (see Chapter 12) associated with the direct sum of l copies of the weight lattice, we also construct intertwining operators for irreducible L(l, 0)-modules. There is some overlap between the results in this chapter and those in [FZ], which uses a different approach, involving Verma modules.
Health Economic Evaluation on Tuberculosis Control in Sanmenxia City

Objective To analyze the social benefit and economic benefit of TB Control Program in Sanmenxia,and to provide a scientific reference for both finance and health departments to properly invest and use health resource. Method The quarter and annual reports from 2004 to 2005 were collected to analyze cost-effectiveness,cost-utility,and cost-benefit. Results Totally 1,392 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were cured by using program funds of 1.6 million RMB Yuan in the past two years. It is estimated that the losses both GDP and income are reduced by 182.11 and 111.84 million RMB Yuan. 2,088 individuals were avoided for suffering from TB. Conclusions Good effects are got in implementation of the project by using program funds in the past two years. Although the investment fund is low,good social and economic benefits have been achieved. It is a cost-effective disease control project.
Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in Children and Hospital Infection Control

OBJECTIVE To understand the infection of Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA) in children and make analysis for its resistance to 15 antibiotics.METHODS The collection of clinical strains of ABA isolated from the hospital.the pathogens were identified by MicroScan WalkAway-40 system.RESULTS Eighty-one(95%) ABA among 85 isolates were from respiratory tract.The result of drug susceptibility showed that ABA was highly sensitive to the 15 antibiotics.Multi-resistant ABA bacteria accounted for 8.2%(7/85).CONCLUSIONS ABA strains isolated from children patients show the trend of multi-drug resistance.we should pay more attention to monitor the susceptibility to antibiotics.
Explorations in the Disconfirmation of Psychodynamic Assertions on the World Scene

In this chapter we will consider a number of salient methodological issues, including Popperian disconfirmation of risky predictions; the creation of meaning through symbolic interactionism; the inherent difficulties in psychodynamic inference; similarity to the inferential procedures of projective testing; psychodynamic processes as intervening variables; multiple operationism, and replication. These are all involved in the effort to disconfirm assertions about unconscious processes on the political-social scene.
Agreement Between Investigators Using Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Assess Quadriceps Intracortical Excitability.

Context:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may provide important information regarding the corticospinal mechanisms that may contribute to the neuromuscular activation impairments. Paired-pulse TMS testing is a reliable method for measuring intracortical facilitation and inhibition; however, little evidence exists regarding agreement of these measures in the quadriceps. Objective:To determine the between-session and inter-rater agreement of intracortical excitability (short and long interval intracortical inhibition [SICI; LICI] and intracortical facilitation [ICF]) in the dominant limb quadriceps. Design:Reliability study. Setting:Research laboratory. Participants:Thirteen healthy volunteers (n=6 female; age: 24.7±2.1 years; height: 1.7±0.1m; mass: 77.1±17.4kg). Intervention:Participants completed 2 TMS sessions separated by 1 week. Main Outcome Measures:Two investigators measured quadriceps SICI, LICI, and ICF at rest and actively (5% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). All participants we...
Radial Buckling Modes Near the Source of an Exponential Column

The solution of the Helmholtz wave equntion for a homogeneous cylindrical exponential column is given. The radial flux distribution in a natural uranium column was observed by foil activation techniques, and a computer program was used to determine three modes of this distribution. (R.E.U.)
The Next 65 Million Years — Coal Age Plants

The 50-million-year Devonian Period produced striking variation in morphological structure and in cell and tissue types. The lush vegetation of the low-lying swamplands (Fig. 6-1) during the succeeding Carboniferous Period reflected the evolutionary potential and the vigor inherent in the Devonian precursors. The Carboniferous (Table 6-1) was a time during which tall trees, a form of gigantism, evolved from the early club mosses and horsetails. These were the well known lepidodendrids and calamites (Figs. 6-1, 6-2, 6-3). Ferns recognizable as members of primitive modern families appeared (Fig. 6-7). Seed ferns reached their zenith (Figs. 6-2, 6-7). Gymnospermous trees, the cordaites and conifers, appeared (Figs. 6-7, 6-8). Heterospory reached a high degree of differentiation, and a profusion of primitive seeds evolved. They were soon followed by highly complex seeds (Fig. 6-2). Along with the many trees, certain genera continued to exist on the forest floor or in the underbrush. Prominent among these were herbaceous club mosses, some of which were remarkably similar to modern Lycopodium and Selaginella. There seems little question that the floras of Devonian and Carboniferous strata represent a continuum initiated at the time of their first appearance and extended by the resulting explosive radiation.
beta 3-Adrenergic-mediated suppression of leptin gene expression in rats

To investigate the role of beta 3-adrenergic receptors in the suppression of leptin gene expression, we fasted F-344 rats to decrease leptin mRNA levels, refed the rats to stimulate leptin mRNA production, and examined the ability of the beta 3-adrenergic agonist CGP-12177 to prevent the rise in leptin mRNA levels. In the initial 2 h after CGP-12177 (0.75 mg/kg), there were significant reductions in both food consumption and leptin mRNA levels in epididymal, perirenal, and interscapular white adipose tissue. We were unable to detect leptin mRNA in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), whereas there was a significant increase in uncoupling protein mRNA levels in IBAT after CGP-12177. The suppression of leptin mRNA and food intake by CGP-12177 was confirmed in a second experiment using another rat strain, the F-344 x BN. Furthermore, refeeding after a period of fasting increased leptin mRNA, which was prevented by CGP-12177. These data indicate a role for beta 3-adrenergic-mediated regulation of leptin gene expression in nonmutant rodents and are consistent with other reports suggesting that beta 3-adrenergic agonists suppress food intake.
Investigating a Non-Invasive Method of Measuring the Quality of Latent Hazard Schemas of Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers: A New Perspective using Traditional Tools

The main objective of this study was to investigate the development of a non-invasive tool for assessing the quality of a driver’s latent hazard schema. Verbal and eye tracking protocols were mapped to Endsley’s model of situation awareness (SA) as a means of measuring schema development. Participants were asked to drive a simulator with various hazard scenarios. Verbal protocol results showed that teenswere less likely to verbally associate subtle cues and accurately state what ‘could happen’. The verbal protocols of teens consisted primarily of simple statements of what was happening and what they were currently doing. Whereas, experienced drivers’ verbal protocols indicated higher levels of processing of the driving environment and contained projections of what could happen. In mapping driver commentary and eye glances for potential hazards in which the hazardous element is hidden from view, experienced adult drivers achieved overall higher level of situation awareness than teen drivers.
Electrostatic Deflection of a Molecular Beam of Massive Neutral Particles: Fully Field-Oriented Polar Molecules within Superfluid Nanodroplets

Electric deflection measurements on liquid helium nanodroplets doped with individual polar molecules demonstrate that the cold superfluid matrix enables full orientation of the molecular dipole along the external field. This translates into a deflection force that is increased enormously by comparison with typical deflection experiments, and it becomes possible to measurably deflect neutral doped droplets with masses of tens to hundreds of thousands of Daltons. By using continuous fluxes of fully oriented polar molecules and measuring the deflection of the doped nanodroplet beam, this approach makes it possible to directly determine the dipole moments of internally cryogenically cold molecules. The technique is broadly and generally applicable, including to complex and biological molecules.
Timing analysis of combinational circuits using ADDs

This paper presents a symbolic algorithm to perform timing analysis of combinational circuits which takes advantage of the high compactness of representation of the Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs). The procedure we propose, implemented as on extension of the SIS synthesis system, is able to provide more accurate timing information than any other method presented so far; in particular, it is able to compute and store the true delay of the gate-level representation of the circuit for all possible input vectors, as opposed to the traditional methods which consider only the worst-case primary inputs combination. Furthermore, the approach does not require any explicit false path elimination. The information calculated by the timing analyzer has several practical applications such as determining the sets of critical input vectors, critical gates, and critical paths of the circuit, which may be efficiently used in the process of resynthesizing the network for low-power consumption. >
Analog Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) information can be more effective than binary marks.

In socially important visual search tasks, such as baggage screening and diagnostic radiology, experts miss more targets than is desirable. Computer-aided detection (CAD) programs have been developed specifically to improve performance in these professional search tasks. For example, in breast cancer screening, many CAD systems are capable of detecting approximately 90% of breast cancer, with approximately 0.5 false-positive detections per image. Nevertheless, benefits of CAD in clinical settings tend to be small (Birdwell, 2009) or even absent (Meziane et al., 2011; Philpotts, 2009). The marks made by a CAD system can be “binary,” giving the same signal to any location where the signal is above some threshold. Alternatively, a CAD system presents an analog signal that reflects strength of the signal at a location. In the experiments reported, we compare analog and binary CAD presentations using nonexpert observers and artificial stimuli defined by two noisy signals: a visible color signal and an “invisible” signal that informed our simulated CAD system. We found that analog CAD generally yielded better overall performance than binary CAD. The analog benefit is similar at high and low target prevalence. Our data suggest that the form of the CAD signal can directly influence performance. Analog CAD may allow the computer to be more helpful to the searcher.
MHC Homozygosity Is Associated with Fast Sexual Strategies in Women

Life History Theory proposes that individuals facing uncontrollable threats to their survival—for example, uncontrollable threats of infectious disease—will pursue a “fast” sexual strategy, characterized by earlier and more promiscuous sexual behavior. Consistent with this idea, individuals with genes that equip them with poorer defenses against infectious disease could also tend to pursue a faster sexual strategy. Within a sample of 180 women, we find that women with a genetic marker of lower immunocompetence—namely, homozygosity at the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region of the genome—report more positive attitudes towards short-term sexual relationships, a younger age at sexual debut, a more promiscuous sexual history (such as more one-time sex partners), and a greater number of lifetime sexual relationships but not romantic relationships. These findings identify the MHC as a possible source of genetic variation in women’s sexual strategies and highlight the need for further research examining the complex links between genes, immunocompetence, and social behavior in humans.
Tau Pathology Induces Excitatory Neuron Loss, Grid Cell Dysfunction, and Spatial Memory Deficits Reminiscent of Early Alzheimer's Disease.

Summary The earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by the formation of mature tangles in the entorhinal cortex and disorientation and confusion when navigating familiar places. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) contains specialized neurons called grid cells that form part of the spatial navigation system. Here we show in a transgenic mouse model expressing mutant human tau predominantly in the EC that the formation of mature tangles in old mice was associated with excitatory cell loss and deficits in grid cell function, including destabilized grid fields and reduced firing rates, as well as altered network activity. Overt tau pathology in the aged mice was accompanied by spatial memory deficits. Therefore, tau pathology initiated in the entorhinal cortex could lead to deficits in grid cell firing and underlie the deterioration of spatial cognition seen in human AD.
What treatment for a child with tall stature

Tall stature is statistically defined as a height standard deviation score (SDS) above 2 for a given age, sex and population group. The most common cause of tall stature is constitutional (often familial) tall stature. However, underlying endocrine or genetic disorders must be considered as some of them may require specific treatment or management. In constitutional tall stature, healthy children are referred to discuss treatment aiming at reducing adult height. The indications of treatment are rare and usually discussed in girls with extremely tall stature (height SDS>4, corresponding to 185cm in girls). The treatment options for tall children are limited and concerns have been raised about their long-term safety. Indeed, recent studies have suggested that high-dose estrogens in adolescent girls may be associated with an increased risk of infertility, as well as increased risk of cancer. Surgical epiphysiodesis has also been reported to reduce adult height but this invasive procedure in healthy children can be questionable and further data on its safety profile are required.
How good is the evidence to support primary care practice

Our goal was to determine the extent to which recommendations for primary care practice are informed by high-quality research-based evidence, and the extent to which they are based on evidence of improved health outcomes (patient-oriented evidence). As a substrate for study, we used Essential Evidence, an online, evidence-based, medical reference for generalists. Each of the 721 chapters makes overall recommendations for practice that are graded A, B or C using the Strength of Recommendations Taxonomy (SORT). SORT A represents consistent and good quality patient-oriented evidence; SORT B is inconsistent or limited quality patient-oriented evidence and SORT C is expert opinion, usual practice or recommendations relying on surrogate or intermediate outcomes. Pairs of researchers abstracted the evidence ratings for each chapter in tandem, with discrepancies resolved by the lead author. Of 3251 overall recommendations, 18% were graded 'A', 34% were 'B' and 49% were 'C'. Clinical categories with the most 'A' recommendations were pregnancy and childbirth, cardiovascular, and psychiatric; those with the least were haematological, musculoskeletal and rheumatological, and poisoning and toxicity. 'A' level recommendations were most common for therapy and least common for diagnosis. Only 51% of recommendations are based on studies reporting patient-oriented outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, quality of life or symptom reduction. In conclusion, approximately half of the recommendations for primary care practice are based on patient-oriented evidence, but only 18% are based on patient-oriented evidence from consistent, high-quality studies.
Ribosomal Natural Products, Tailored To Fit

ConspectusRibosomally synthesized and Post-translationally modified Peptides (RiPPs) take advantage of the ribosomal translation machinery to generate linear peptides that are subsequently modified with heterocycles and/or macrocycles to impose three-dimensional structure and thwart degradation by proteases. Although RiPP precursors are limited to proteinogenic amino acids, post-translational modifications (PTMs) can alter the structure of individual amino acids and thereby improve the stability and biological activity of the molecule. These “tailoring modifications” often occur on amino acid side chains—for example, hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, prenylation, and acylation—but can also take place within the backbone, as in epimerization, or can result in capping of the N- or C-terminus. At one extreme, these modifications can be essential to the activity of the RiPP, either as a compulsory step in reaching the final molecule or by imparting chemical functionality required for biological activi...
MethRaFo: MeDIP-seq methylation estimate using a Random Forest Regressor.

Motivation Profiling of genome wide DNA methylation is now routinely performed when studying development, cancer and several other biological processes. Although Whole genome Bisulfite Sequencing provides high-quality methylation measurements at the resolution of nucleotides, it is relatively costly and so several studies have used alternative methods for such profiling. One of the most widely used low cost alternatives is MeDIP-Seq. However, MeDIP-Seq is biased for CpG enriched regions and thus its results need to be corrected in order to determine accurate methylation levels. Results Here we present a method for correcting MeDIP-Seq results based on Random Forest regression. Applying the method to real data from several different tissues (brain, cortex, penis) we show that it achieves almost 4 fold decrease in run time while increasing accuracy by as much as 20% over prior methods developed for this task. Availability and implementation MethRaFo is freely available as a python package (with a R wrapper) at https://github.com/phoenixding/methrafo. Contact zivbj@cs.cmu.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.