cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the generalized plane strain problem in thermoelasticity

The reliability of the solutions of problems of two-dimensional linear elasticity is examined in relation to the solutions of the corresponding three-dimensional problems. It is shown that the solution of a long cylindrical body with free ends can be approximated by the classical plane strain solution plus a correction which is the solution of another two-dimensional problem. The corrected solution is exponentially accurate sufficiently far from the ends. In the vicinity of the free ends a three-dimensional model has to be used.
Simulation and Games Forum

The purpose of the "Simulation and Games Forum" is to provide a medium for informal and informative discussion about games and simulation. The forum may contain comments on papers previously published or may initiate a topic for discussion, unrelated to previous publications in SIMULATION & GAMES. This section is intended to generate debate and to lay out issues on which readers might differ. Communications will be published in the issue following receipt. They should be limited to 700 words and sent in letter form addressed to the Editors. We look forward to a lively section.
Long-term runoff database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

[1] Runoff measurement at the semiarid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed began in the middle 1950s with five critical depth flumes. Since that time, the measurement network has evolved to include measurement structures on 11 large watersheds (2.27–149 km2), 8 medium watersheds (0.35–1.60 km2), and 11 small watersheds (0.0018–0.59 km2). The ephemeral nature of runoff, high-flow velocities, and high-sediment concentrations in the flow led to the development of the Walnut Gulch supercritical flume used on the large watersheds and the Smith supercritical flume used on the small watersheds. The period of record considered good to excellent ranges from 26 to 47 years. In 1999, the original analog recording systems were augmented with digital recorders. Runoff occurs at Walnut Gulch primarily as a result of convective thunderstorms during the months of July through September. Runoff volume and flow duration are correlated with drainage area as a result of the limited areal extent of runoff producing rainfall and transmission losses or infiltration of the flood wave into the channel alluvium. Runoff records including hydrographs and summary data are available in several formats via a Web interface at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/.
Methionine residue 35 is critical for the oxidative stress and neurotoxic properties of Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide 1-42

Amyloid beta-peptide 1-42 [Abeta(1-42)] is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the AD brain is under intense oxidative stress. Our laboratory combined these two aspects of AD into the Abeta-associated free radical oxidative stress model for neurodegeneration in AD brain. Abeta(1-42) caused protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell death in neuronal and synaptosomal systems, all of which could be inhibited by free radical antioxidants. Recent studies have been directed at discerning molecular mechanisms by which Abeta(1-42)-associated free radical oxidative stress and neurotoxicity arise. The single methionine located in residue 35 of Abeta(1-42) is critical for these properties. This review presents the evidence supporting the role of methionine in Abeta(1-42)-associated free radical oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. This work is of obvious relevance to AD and provides a coupling between the centrality of Abeta(1-42) in the pathogenesis of AD and the oxidative stress under which the AD brain exists.
Use of Growth Regulators in Cotton Production

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a perennial woody shrub with an indeterminate growth habit, evolved in tropical, relatively dry areas of the world. Through adaptive changes, accomplished through breeding and selection, cotton is now widely grown under both semi-arid and humid conditions. However, despite these adaptive changes, cotton continues to exhibit many attributes of its tropical origin. The crop grows best under warm temperatures and high light intensity, is somewhat drought tolerant, and often continues or resumes growth late in the season. Because of these growth habits, alterations in growth and development of the crop are often agronomically desirable. These alterations may be accomplished through the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs). PGRs are classified as organic compounds that alter the growth and development of plants. PGRs are biologically active at very low concentrations, and elicit responses similar to those observed from plant hormones. Unlike plant hormones which are produced by the plant, PGRs may be either produced naturally by the plant or synthetically by a chemist. However, responses to PGRs are complicated by the interaction of environment and cultural practices. For a PGR to be widely accepted, it must perform consistently in a given production scheme.
The influence of stereotypes on decisions to shoot

Using a videogame to simulate encounters with potentially hostile targets, three studies tested a model in which racial bias in shoot/don't-shoot decisions reflects accessibility of the stereotype linking Blacks to danger. Study 1 experimentally manipulated the race-danger association by asking participants to read newspaper stories about Black (vs. White) criminals. As predicted, exposure to stories concerning Black criminals increased bias in the decision to shoot. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated the number of White and Black targets with and without guns in the context of the videogame itself. As predicted, frequent presentation of stereotypic (vs. counterstereotypic) targets exacerbated bias (Study 2) and - consistent with our process account - rendered stereotypes more accessible (Study 3).
Theoretical design optimization of multiple-quantum-well electroabsorption waveguide modulators

Optical on-off modulators require low insertion loss, high contrast ratio (CR), small drive power and large bandwidth or bit-rate. A systematic approach to optimize the total performance of these modulators based on the quantum-confined Stark effect is presented here. The approach consists of minimizing the power/bandwidth ratio while satisfying a given CR and insertion loss. Our design consists of a large-core multimode passive waveguide with a thin buried active layer. The passive waveguide is designed to yield a high coupling efficiency to conventional single-mode fibers. The quantum well material structure is designed to maximize Delta alpha / Delta F/sup 2/, while maintaining a sufficiently large Delta alpha / alpha /sub 0/, where Delta alpha is the absorption change, alpha /sub 0/ is the residual absorption at zero bias, and Delta F is the swing of the applied electric field. Our theoretical model shows that i) wider quantum wells give larger Delta alpha / Delta F/sup 2/, and ii) the bandwidth/power ratio as high as 4 GHz/mW can be achieved simultaneously with small insertion loss, For example, with a drive voltage of 3 V, an RC limited bandwidth as high as 60 GHz is predicted, while a contrast ratio of 20 dB and a total insertion loss of 4.5 dB may also be obtained. >
Functional Roles of Plasma High Density Lipoprotein

(1982). Functional Roles of Plasma High Density Lipoprotein. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 109-140.
Singularity Traces of Single Degree-of-Freedom Planar Linkages That Include Prismatic and Revolute Joints

This paper extends the general method to construct a singularity trace for single degree-of-freedom (DOF), closed-loop linkages to include prismatic along with revolute joints. The singularity trace has been introduced in the literature as a plot that reveals the gross motion characteristics of a linkage relative to a designated input joint and a design parameter. The motion characteristics identified on the plot include a number of possible geometric inversions (GIs), circuits, and singularities at any given value for the input link and the design parameter. An inverted slider–crank and an Assur IV/3 linkage are utilized to illustrate the adaptation of the general method to include prismatic joints.
Caustic-side solvent extraction Flowsheet for optimized solvent.

Using cesium distribution ratio data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) on the candidates for the optimized solvent, calculations were made to determine how each solvent would perform in the caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process. This report describes the effect that each solvent would have on the CSSX flowsheet for both the current solvent flow rate and the optimum solvent flow rate.
Coverage Probability of Analog Beamforming with Limited Feedback in mmWave Cellular Networks

This paper characterizes a coverage probability of a mmWave cellular network with limited feedback. Considering a downlink mmWave cellular model based on stochastic geometry, which incorporates blockage effects and limited feedback of analog beamforming, an analytical expression for the coverage probability of the instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is derived in terms of relevant system parameters, chiefly the number of antennas elements per BS, and the pathloss exponent values for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS). Our results indicate that the number of feedback bits for analog beamforming with an uniform linear array needs to scale with the number of antenna elements logarithmically at least to obtain a reasonable directional beamforming gain. Furthermore, our result confirms the intuition that the blockage effect leads to a significant coverage performance degradation for the millimeter cellular network.
Non-Utilization of Intravenously Administered Acetyl-dl-tryptophane

SummaryAcetyl-dl-tryptophane in aqueous solution was administered intravenously to 3 human subjects. Seventy to 83% of the administered substance was excreted unchanged, almost all within the first 6 hours after injection. The substance excreted was racemic: there was no preferential utilization or retention of acetyl-l-tryptophane.
Organizational Responses To Legal Liability: Employee Exposure To Hazardous Materials, Vertical Integration, And Small Firm Production

Organizations face an increasingly litigious environment. We examined responses to one class of legal threats: liability stemming from employees' on-the-job exposure to hazardous materials. We empi...
Structures and Bonding of η2-Bridging CO Ligands and Their Influence on the Structures and Rearrangements of Higher Nuclearity Metal Carbonyl Cluster Complexes

Three products were obtained from the reaction of IrRu3(CO)13(μ3-H) with P(But)3 in a hexane solution at reflux for 30 min. These have been identified as IrRu3(CO)12[P(But)3](μ-H) (1; 15% yield), IrRu2(CO)9[P(But)3](μ-H) (2; 29% yield), and IrRu3(CO)10(μ3-η2-CO)[P(But)3]2(μ-H) (3; 19% yield). Compound 1 is simply a P(But)3 derivative of IrRu3(CO)13(μ3-H). Compound 2 is electronically unsaturated and has a vacant coordination site located on the iridium atom. Compound 3 contains a butterfly tetrahedral cluster of four metal atoms with a rare η2 triply bridging CO ligand. Compound 3 reacts with Ru(CO)5 to yield the higher nuclearity cluster complex IrRu4(CO)12(μ4-η2-CO)[P(But)3]2(μ3-H) (4), which contains five metal atoms arranged in the form of an iridium-capped butterfly tetrahedron of four ruthenium atoms. Compound 4 contains a η2-quadruply bridging CO ligand. Compound 4 reacts with CO to yield the compound IrRu4(CO)14P(But)3(μ4-η2-CO)(μ-H), 5 which contains five metal atoms in the form of a spiked-tetra...
A Qualitative Exploration of an Experiential Education Bully Prevention Curriculum.

Bullying behavior has problematic psychosocial ramifications for the bully, victim, and those who are both a bully and a victim. The Bully Prevention Challenge Course Curriculum utilizes a challeng...
Will It Tile? Try the Conway Criterion!

(1980). Will It Tile? Try the Conway Criterion! Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 224-233.
The Role of Si-H, Si-H2 and Oxygen in the Photoluminescence of Porous Si

We have observed no correlation between the presence or absence of the FTIR spectral lines at 669 and 2089 cm−1 (Si-H) and at 912 and 2112 cm−1 (Si-H2) and the photoluminescent output of porous Si. We have observed no correlation between the presence or absence of PL output and the growth of the Si-O-Si line at 1105 cm−1. As a result we suggest that surface passivation plays no role in the PL output. We also suggest that the growth of the Si-O-Si line at 1105 cm−1 under photo-oxidative conditions results in the alteration of the backbone of a Si-backboned species and not in the attachment of O at the surface.
US Catholic priests' evaluation of bishops and qualities of respectful leadership

The mental health of subordinates is affected by supervisors. Using the qualities of respectful leadership developed by some researchers, randomly sampled Catholic priests in the US used an eight-point scale (0 = lowest, 7 = highest) to consider the qualities of respectful leadership used by their own bishop and bishops in general. Mean scores of respectful leadership qualities for bishops in general and respondents' specific bishops were moderate. Using paired-t-tests and adopting the Bonferroni technique for adjusting the level of significance (p≤ .002), there were significant differences in 16 of 28 of the respondents' ratings of bishops in general compared to their specific bishop. Overall, respondents offered slightly more favourable ratings for their own bishops. However, priest-respondents seemingly find their leaders with leadership, character, and moral flaws. Mental health implications are considered.
ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF BINOCULAR RIVALRY RATE AND INSTRUCTIONS.

The results of a factor analysis of mean numbers of binocular rivalry reversals perceived by 24 Ss under various instructions are suggestive of further factor analytic work needed in the domain of visual perception, especially reversibility phenomena.
Investigation of correlation between vibrometric data and accelerometric data using spectral fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation

Recently, the one dimensional (1D) spectral fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (SFJTC) technique has been proposed as an effective means for performing deterministic target detection in hyperspectral imagery. In addition, different types of sensor data have been proposed in the literature to characterize and detect objects or targets. Some of the recently proposed sensors are accelerometers and laser vibrometers. In this work, we investigate how a laser vibrometer data signature is correlated to any accelerometer based data signature using SFJTC. Toward this end, we applied SFJTC to several data sets of laser velocity vibrometer data and different accelerometer data recorded from a vehicle under different challenging conditions. It was found that all laser vibrometer data correlated equally well with all accelerometer data regardless of the position of the accelerometer under all conditions. This result suggests that laser vibrometric data may be used instead of accelerometric data to uniquely characterize desired objects such as vehicles.
Crystal Structures and Phase Equilibria in the Hafnium-Palladium System

Portions of the Hf-Pd phase diagram have been reinvestigated in an attempt to resolve contradictions that occur between two previous studies. Techniques employed include Rietveld refinement using x-ray and high-temperature neutron diffraction data to determine crystal structures and phase equilibria. The compound Hf2Pd3 was discovered with the Os2Al3 structure type, and no evidence was found for a reported “Hf3Pd4” phase. More importantly, the compound HfPd2 was found to be involved in a previously undetected peritectic reaction at 1850 °C. Crystallographic data are given for all compounds encountered, and a significantly revised phase diagram is proposed.
Emulating and mitigating atmospheric effects in free-space OAM-based communication links

We discuss the influence of atmospheric turbulence on free-space optical (FSO) communications employing multiplexing of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beams. We describe turbulence mitigation approaches of using adaptive optics and signal processing algorithms for OAM multiplexed FSO systems.
Influence of predator cues on terminal investment in courtship by male Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1844) wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Abstract Sexual signals play a critical role in mate attraction, but fitness benefits of signal production depend on a number of external and internal influences. Sexual signaling can be energetically expensive, and has potential to attract unwanted attention from predators. Male brushlegged wolf spiders, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1844) (Araneae: Lycosidae), actively signal to females in the leaf litter habitat during their spring breeding season, but face a tradeoff between current and future reproduction as the season progresses. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that with fewer available females, increasing risk of predation, and stronger influence of senescence as the season progresses, males should take greater risks to secure mating. We explored this idea by exposing males of increasing ages to female cues alone or female cues combined with predator cues. We found little or no direct evidence to support the terminal investment hypothesis in this species, in that males across all ages esse...
Stripping Shakespeare’s ‘Whores’

Even though I don’t call myself a whore and have some anxiety over being called an essentialist, I will gladly, however, ‘own’ perhaps the most politically incorrect current label for Shakespeare scholars.1 Slap a scarlet ‘B’ on my chest if you will, but I proudly call myself a Bardolator.2 Since the time of my adolescence, I have never ‘romantically’ loved anything or anyone more in my life than Will Shakespeare, the ‘god of my idolatry’ (Romeo and Juliet II. ii. 114). Furthermore, I’ve always considered him ‘sexy’. Concurrent with the time when I first fell in love with the Bard, I saw a pop-culture treatment of his work that, I now believe, having looked into Richard Burt’s Unspeakable Shaxxxpeares (1988), hugely impacted my conception of him. Burt does not mention this particular television treatment, and I myself have seen it only that once, but it is burned into my consciousness with the ‘holy fire of love’ (Sonnet 154: 5). It was an episode of the situation comedy series The Dick Van Dyke Show.
Production of ultracold ground-state LiRb molecules by photoassociation through a resonantly coupled state

We report on a resonantly coupled 2(1)-4(1) photoassociation resonance in LiRb. This pair of states displays interesting decay physics that hint at interference-like effects caused by two different decay paths. We observe decay to predominantly $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}v=43$, with significant numbers of molecules produced in $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}v=2\ensuremath{-}12$. This photoassociation resonance also produces $\ensuremath{\sim}300 X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}v=0\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}J=0$ molecules/s. Finally, we identify a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage transfer pathway from $v=43$ to $v=0$ that has the potential to produce up to $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ LiRb molecules/s in the $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}v=0\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}J=0$ state.
Into the Field: Three Italian Earthquakes

Three fieldworks present the choice of earthquakes and the preexisting environmental and organizational conditions of the Umbria, Molise, and Abruzzo regions before the earthquakes. This chapter especially considers the impact phase of the earthquakes and their physical features. It also includes reflections of the personal coming of myself, as a researcher, and some considerations about these three fieldworks and the environmental and social conditions of the regions. It can be explained as a brief ethnographic approach to the fieldwork that is important for the future reflections on the sense of community, sense of place, and place attachment. Furthermore, this chapter explains fundamental ideas about social researchers and their ethics in the context of applied research within the sociology of disasters because this fieldwork made me aware of the possible distance between social researchers and earthquake victims, the social relationships among these two social actors, and the ethical questions of applied research.
HIV and Bone Complications: Understudied Populations and New Management Strategies

The higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture associated with HIV infection and certain antiretrovirals has been well established and the need for risk stratification among older adults increasingly recognized. This review focuses upon emerging data on bone complications with HIV/HCV coinfection, in children and adolescents, and with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), as well as new management strategies to minimize the negative effects of ART on bone.
Prevalence estimates and correlates of elder abuse in the United States: The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey

This study examines the prevalence and correlates of psychological abuse and physical abuse against women and men aged 70 or older. Self-report data from 2,185 respondents in the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) were used to create weighted estimates for past-year experiences of abuse. Correlates were then examined using survey logistic regression models. More than 1 in 10 adults who are 70 years of age or older (14.0%) have experienced some form of abuse in the past year, with 12.1% experiencing psychological abuse and 1.7% experiencing physical abuse. One in five victims (20.8%) were abused by both intimate and nonintimate partners. Health care insecurity was the strongest correlate of past-year abuse. The odds of experiencing abuse were 4.53 times greater for those who experienced health care insecurity than for those who did not. This presents a significant challenge for identifying and helping victims of abuse.
A4 An overview of energy metabolism in huntington’s disease as a therapeutic target

Despite its well-defined causality, we still don’t know precisely how the polymorphic expansion of the CAG repeat in the first exon of the huntingtin gene results in the pleiotropic, devastating, and ultimately fatal pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease. One long-standing theory posits that the mutated protein adversely affects the cellular machinery that maintains energetic homeostasis and in so doing results in a variety of untoward downstream consequences. A large number of studies have yielded mixed results, with some supporting the ‘energetic hypothesis’ while others have not found convincing evidence for this mechanism. Two large interventional clinical trials of compounds involved in energy production (2 CARE for CoQ10 and CREST for creatine) both failed to meet their efficacy endpoints and provided no additional insights for the selection or design of subsequent energetic drug candidates. Unlike well-defined mitochondriopathies, the purported energetic changes in HD are likely to be subtle, chronic, and progressive. As such, experimental medicine studies in humans that use sensitive and specific measurements need to be conducted to build a highly detailed molecular understanding of any energetics-related deficits in HD-affected individuals. These studies will be critical to refine our mechanistic hypothesis and rationally select targets for pharmacological intervention, design shorter informative trials, and increase the confidence that future drug candidates will benefit patients. Existing data and plans for prospective studies consistent with this strategy will be presented.
Detection of small arrivals

Abstract Even, inverse noise filters have been used in an automatic scheme for the detection of small arrivals. Precursors have not been created by this method. The significance level is estimated by computing the number of points in a normal noise record which have the same amplitude. The method has been successfully tested on actual earthquakes. Starting with a digitized seismogram, it automatically finds the arrivals, prints their time, their direction, and their standard deviation, and plots the spectra and the seismograms. Examples are given.
Abstract 253: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Protein Targets for Autoimmunity

Objectives: The vast majority of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) patients have a history of smoking. The current hypothesis is that smoking induces post-translational protein modifications within the abdominal aorta resulting in site-specific antigenic targets for humoral immunity, and leads to a complex inflammatory milieu that ultimately gives rise to mature AAAs. Methods: Plasma samples from patients with AAAs were separated by smoking status (Non-smoker = NS [n = 5]; Smoker = S [n = 15]; Prior Smoker = PS [n = 36]). Aortic wall was harvested from AAA (n = 5) and healthy control aorta (n = 5). Membrane proteins were extracted from AAA aortas by phase separation and bound to affinity columns. Plasma from NS, S, and PS groups was passed through these columns to isolate immunoglobulins (eluted IgGs). Duplicate samples of pooled control aortic tissue proteins underwent electrophoresis for Western blotting and Coomassie staining. Western blots were developed with eluted IgGs from the NS, S, and PS groups as well as IgGs from healthy volunteers as negative control. The Western blots were analyzed for differences in banding patterns between NS and S or PS groups and the corresponding proteins from Coomassie stained gels were excised for Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS analysis). Results: Western blot experiments revealed a ∼38 kD band in NS but no correlating band in S and PS groups, as well as ∼22 kD and ∼33 kD bands present in S and PS but no correlating bands in the NS group. LC-MS/MS analysis of these 3 bands identified the encompassed proteins as having sequence homologies with TROPOMYOSIN 1, TROPOMYOSIN 2, TRANSGELIN, INTEGRIN BETA-1, VERSICAN, PEROXIREDOXIN 2 and OSTEOGLYCIN (Mimecan), and that these proteins differed in relative abundance between the three groups. Conclusions: We identified putative proteins in normal human aortas that could represent autoimmune targets leading to AAA development. The discrepancy between the molecular weights of putative targets and the bands used for LC-MS/MS analysis possibly reflects post-translational processing of the larger parent protein resulting in auto-antigenicity.
Changes in the social relationships of individuals with disabilities displaced by disaster

Abstract The role of social relationships, social networks, and social support in disaster contexts has been investigated extensively. However, few studies have examined how social relationships, networks, and support change for people with disabilities affected by disaster. Thirty-nine people with disabilities displaced by Hurricane Katrina were interviewed about their long-term recovery experiences three years following the disaster. Results were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Additional analysis of the category of social relationships revealed six underlying properties; 1) proximity to others, 2) frequency of social interactions, 3) diversity of relationships, 4) intimacy with neighbors, 5) cohesion with family, and 6) formality of relationships. Findings suggest that perceived quality of life diminished post-disaster due to the loss of social networks and belongingness, rather than to a diminishment in perceived instrumental support.
A 10-b 2b/cycle 300MS/s SAR ADC with a single differential DAC in 40nm CMOS

This paper presents a 2b/cycle hybrid successive­approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) architecture with only 1 differential capacitor-DAC (CDAC). Unlike prior multi-bit/cycle SAR works that make use of only the DAC differential mode (DM) voltage, the proposed architecture exploits both the DM and the common mode (CM). By using two degrees of freedom, the proposed ADC can generate 3 comparison levels needed for 2b/cycle without requiring extra DAC arrays. Eliminating extra DAC arrays reduces hardware cost, area, and power. The proposed SAR ADC takes advantage of 1b/cycle conversion mode and sufficient redundancy to address problems of multi-bit/cycle conversions, such as unmatched comparator offsets, kickback noise, and comparator input CM voltage variation. Reconfiguration to 1b/cycle is easily done by disabling the unneeded comparators for 1b/cycle conversion. A 10b prototype ADC is fabricated in 40nm LP CMOS process. It achieves peak 8.5b ENOB at sampling frequency of 300MS/s and consumes 2.1mW, leading to a FoM of 19.3fJ/conv-step.
Cancer Drug Development of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors beyond the Active Site

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to produce bicarbonate and a proton. Multiple CA isoforms are implicated in a range of diseases, including cancer. In solid tumors, continuously dividing cells create hypoxic conditions that eventually lead to an acidic microenvironment. Hypoxic tumor cells have different mechanisms in place to regulate and adjust the surrounding microenvironment for survival. These mechanisms include expression of CA isoform IX (CA IX) and XII (CA XII). These enzymes help maintain a physiological intracellular pH while simultaneously contributing to an acidic extracellular pH, leading to tumor cell survival. Expression of CA IX and CA XII has also been shown to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This review discusses the characteristics of CA IX and CA XII, their mechanism of action, and validates their prospective use as anticancer targets. We discuss the current status of small inhibitors that target these isoforms, both classical and non-classical, and their future design in order to obtain isoform-specificity for CA IX and CA XII. Biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal-radionuclide conjugated chimeric antibodies, and antibody-small molecule conjugates are also discussed.
Authoring an interactive narrative with declarative optimization-based drama management

Drama managers reconfigure a game in reaction to a player's actions. In declarative optimization-based drama management (DODM), a game's story is abstracted as a sequence of plot points; possible drama manager interventions are abstracted as a set of DM actions. The author defines an function evaluating story quality, and some optimization method (currently reinforcement learning) chooses DM actions so as to maximize expected story quality according to that evaluation function. While previous work has developed this approach at a technical level and discussed its potential applications, no work to date has used DODM to write real games. We report on our experiences designing a game in the Neverwinter Nights engine, entitled The Guilty, in which we use DODM to create a dynamic plot that in a previous design iteration we had found difficult to create with other techniques.
Differential Diagnosis of Asthma in Adults Asthma, Occult Asthma, and Pseudoasthma

The clinical features most suggestive of asthma are recurrent episodes of wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Wheezing is caused by the partial obstruction (narrowing) of one or more airways in association with airflow of sufficient velocity to generate the wheeze (1,2). Although wheezing is the most characteristic clinical manifestation of asthma, it is not always detectable in the asthmatic patient. It is often absent when the asthmatic process is in remission, and it is occasionally absent in the most severe attacks, presumably because the patient is unable to generate sufficient airflow velocity to produce the wheeze. Conversely, wheezing may be a prominent manifestation of a number of non-asthmatic forms of diffuse or localized airway obstruction. It is clear that asthma cannot be diagnosed solely upon the presence of wheezing, and it cannot be ruled out by the absence of wheezing.
Octacyanometallate qubit candidates.

We report the temperature dependence of the spin dynamics of the octacyanometallates [Mo(CN)8]3− and [W(CN)8]3−. At 5 K, these complexes display remarkably long spin–lattice relaxation times of 1.05 s, and 0.63 s, respectively. We probe the contributing factors to the spin relaxation and demonstrate the impact of spin–orbit coupling as a handle to tune vibrationally mediated spin–lattice relaxation.
Neutronics and Thermal-Hydraulics Analysis of a Long Operational Life LMR for Lunar Surface Power

This paper presents the results of iterative neutronics and thermal-hydraulic design optimization of a liquid metal cooled reactor for lunar surface power. The reactor placed below grade on the lun...
Single Parenthood and Children’s Education in Republic of Korea: An Update

The increase in divorce in Korea during the last two decades raises a concern for intergenerational transmission of disadvantage through family instability. The implications of this for children’s education may be particularly significant in the Korean context where public support for single-parent families and women’s (including single mothers) economic opportunities are considerably limited. Following the approach of Park (Demographic Research 18, 377–408, 2008) who distinguished single-parent families by gender of single parent and causes of single parenthood, in this study I examine how children across different types of single-parent families fare, in comparison to their peers from two-parent families, on three pivotal outcomes of education: transition from middle school to academic high school, transition from high school to university (not including 2-year junior college), and test scores on mathematics and Korean language among middle school students. Consistent with Park’s (2008) study, the result of the current study shows poorer educational outcomes of students living with a divorced parent (particularly father) than their peers with two parents. But, single parenthood due to the death of a parent does not seem to impart a considerable disadvantage. The implications of these findings for educational policies are discussed.
Polypoid Lesions of the Rectum

Polypoid lesions that occur within the limits of observation of a 25-cm sigmoidoscope include adenomatous (tubular) polyps, villoglandular polyps, villous adenomas, polypoid carcinomas, and a variety of other small polypoid lesions such as hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps, sessile mamillations, and mucosal excrescences. The very small lesions of less than 0.5 cm are essentially of no practical importance, but the larger polypoid lesions pose very important and difficult problems in many instances. In general, all polypoid lesions are removed. One exception is the inflammatory polyp, which may be an early sign of ulcerative colitis and will recur after excision. Gilbertsen and Nelms’ data indicate that polypectomy will help to prevent cancer of the rectum.4 The risk of the recurrence of polyps has been studied by Henry et al.5
Future directions for notifiable diseases: tuberculosis-related laws in the Philippines

With the increasing burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the Philippines, and the risk of multidrug resistance to TB, there is a need to strengthen the surveillance system. In many countries, cases of TB are reported to health authorities, and reporting is an effective way to manage TB. Although TB is a universal and representative reportable disease, the Philippines does not designate it as a notifiable disease. This study aimed to review and compare current communicable disease-related laws and regulations in the Philippines with relevant international laws and regulations in other countries, to highlight where current TB notification regulations require change, or to determine whether they reflect global trends. Furthermore, we aimed to have TB included along with other communicable diseases on the list of legally required notifiable diseases in the Philippines. We reviewed current TB-related laws, acts of parliament, executive orders, presidential decrees, administrative orders, and memorandums. We undertook a literature review of relevant World Health Organization documentation, with 17 countries selected for comparison. Data on reported TB cases in the Philippines were obtained from health authorities, and health legislation data from foreign countries was collected from a public law database or from the government websites of each country. Most of the selected countries have a legislative basis for regulating notifiable diseases. In many countries, including Australia, Canada, China, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and Vanuatu, laws on communicable disease notification include TB notification. Our results suggest that notification of communicable diseases should be enforced through domestic health legislation. To align the Philippines with standard practice in the selected countries, TB could be included on the list of notifiable diseases in one of two ways. First, the current regulation “Revised List of Notifiable Diseases, Syndromes, Health-related Events and Conditions of 2008” could be revised to include TB. Second, new TB regulations could be introduced and implemented. Any revisions or new regulations should specify methods to identify and manage TB, and safeguard individual rights.
Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 is unrelated to female reproductive development in a wild population of Dolly Varden charr Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are endocrine agents that signal growth in fishes. Because of the interplay between growth and reproduction, endocrine control of the growth axis is thought to have a connection to the reproductive axis. Seasonal patterns and relationships between IGF-1, fish condition, and gonadal development were investigated in a wild population of female Dolly Varden charr Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792) during the summer growing season prior to spawning. Fish were sampled from Florence Lake, Alaska on five sequential sampling trips during April–October 2006. Body and gonad morphometric measurements, and blood plasma samples were obtained for IGF-I quantification. IGF-I increased during summer with fish condition. The gonadosomatic index indicated a pattern of advancing reproductive development in one cohort of fish by August, which indicated impending spawning compared to an immature (non-reproductive) cohort. However, plasma IGF-I levels were not predictive of the sexually maturing cohort. We conclude that IGF-I is not a useful endocrine marker of advancing reproductive state in female Dolly Varden charr but does relate to fish condition during the summer growth period.
Effects of water on ionic liquid electrochemical microsensor for oxygen sensing

Abstract The effect of water on ionic liquid (IL) planar electrochemical microsensor was studied in the case of sensing oxygen. This study compared the key analytical performances of the IL based electrochemical microsensor devices using an IL BmimBF4 direct from the vendor and ‘wet’ BmimBF4 containing different amount of water as electrolytes. The electrochemical properties in [Bmim][BF4] with or without oxygen using a planar microsensor device were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). With the increasing of water concentrations in the IL, a positive shift of redox potential of O2 and a higher reduction current of oxygen in CV measurement were observed. The constant potential chronoamperometry measurements were conducted to assess the sensitivity, reproducibility and stability of microsensor at varying O2 concentration using these wet ILs as electrolytes. The short term and long-term stability evaluation of these IL microsensor for sensing oxygen was performed. Our results show that the electrochemical planar microsensor device demonstrates a good sensitivity, reproducibility and stability for sensing oxygen even though the ‘wet’ ILs were used as electrolytes. A remarkable stability of sensor was observed in stability test using as an electrolyte.
Msx Homeobox Genes Act Downstream of BMP2 to Regulate Endometrial Decidualization in Mice and in Humans

Endometrial stromal cells differentiate to form decidual cells in a process known as decidualization, which is critical for embryo implantation and successful establishment of pregnancy. We previously reported that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mediates uterine stromal cell differentiation in mice and in humans. To identify the downstream target(s) of BMP2 signaling during decidualization, we performed gene-expression profiling of mouse uterine stromal cells, treated or not treated with recombinant BMP2. Our studies revealed that expression of Msx2, a member of the mammalian Msx homeobox gene family, was markedly upregulated in response to exogenous BMP2. Interestingly, conditional ablation of Msx2 in the uterus failed to prevent a decidual phenotype, presumably because of functional compensation of Msx2 by Msx1, a closely related member of the Msx family. Indeed, in Msx2-null uteri, the level of Msx1 expression in the stromal cells was markedly elevated. When conditional, tissue-specific ablation of both Msx1 and Msx2 was accomplished in the mouse uterus, a dramatically impaired decidual response was observed. In the absence of both Msx1 and Msx2, uterine stromal cells were able to proliferate, but they failed to undergo terminal differentiation. In parallel experiments, addition of BMP2 to human endometrial stromal cell cultures led to a robust enhancement of MSX1 and MSX2 expression and stimulated the differentiation process. Attenuation of MSX1 and MSX2 expression by small interfering RNAs greatly reduced human stromal differentiation in vitro, indicating a conservation of their roles as key mediators of BMP2-induced decidualization in mice and women.
Experimental Characterization of Adventitial Collagen Fiber Kinematics Using Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging Microscopy: Similarities and Differences Across Arteries, Species and Testing Conditions

Fibrous collagen networks are well known to play a central role in the passive biomechanical response of soft connective tissues to applied loads. In the current chapter we focus on vascular tissues and share our extensive experience in coupling mechanical loading and multi-photon imaging to investigate, across arteries, species and testing conditions, how collagen fibers move in response to mechanical loading. More specifically, we assess the deformations of collagen networks in rabbit, porcine or human arteries under different loading scenarios: uniaxial tension on flat samples, tension-inflation on tubular samples, bulge inflation on flat samples. We always observe that collagen fibers exhibit a wavy or crimped shape in load-free conditions, and tend to uncrimp when loads are applied, engaging sequentially to become the main load-bearing component. This sequential engagement, which is responsible for the nonlinear mechanical behaviour, is essential for an artery to function normally and appears to be less pronounced for arteries in elderly and aneurysmal patients. Although uncrimping of collagen fibers is a universal mechanism, we also observe large fiber rotations specific to tensile loading, with significant realignment along the loading axis. A unified approach is proposed to compare observations and quantitative analyses as the type of image processing may affect significantly the estimation of collagen fiber deformations. In summary, this chapter makes an important review of the basic roles of arterial microstructure and its deformations on the global mechanical response. Eventually, directions for future studies combining mechanical loading and multi-photon imaging are suggested, with the aim of addressing open questions related to tissue adaptation and rupture.
School Wellness Environments: Perceptions Versus Realities:

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Final Rule on School Wellness Policy requires schools to self-evaluate wellness policies and environments. To understand the utility of this information, this study evaluates the validity of school-reported wellness information against directly observed data. Wellness leaders at 10 Midwestern elementary schools completed a questionnaire spanning nine school wellness settings. School-reported information was compared against a direct observation protocol. Percent agreement and κ statistics were used to assess agreement between school reporters and direct observation. Overall percent agreement between reporters and direct observation was 77.1%. Agreement ranged from 67.3% (Lunchroom Environment) to 92.0% (School Wellness Policies) across the nine categories. κ results showed that 65.7% of the items demonstrated fair or better reporter agreement. The results provide preliminary support for the utility of schools' self-reported wellness information. Facilitation of independent reporting on wellness environments by school leaders will contribute to broader applications for school wellness programming.
Renal physiology and pathophysiology of aging

Aging is associated with significant changes in renal structure and function. Ability of many normal subjects to maintain stable renal function over long periods of time, however, suggests that decline in renal function with age observed in cross-sectional studies is related to the superimposition of disease, often undetected, rather than to any unrelenting involutional process common to aging individuals.
Abstract WP323: Genetic Knockout of CD38 in Mice Protects Against Ischemic Stroke With Smaller Infarct Volumes and Decreased Motor Impairment

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an important mediator of post ischemic injury of the heart and brain following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We have reported that CD38 activation in heart I/...
ON THE BEKENSTEIN–HAWKING ENTROPY, NONCOMMUTATIVE BRANES AND LOGARITHMIC CORRECTIONS

We extend our earlier work on the possible microscopic origin of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy to higher-dimensional space–times. The mechanism of counting chain-like states is shown to work for space–times with event horizon wrapped by a Euclidean doublet (E1,M1)+(E2,M2) of electric–magnetic dual brane pairs of type II string-theory or M-theory. Noncommutativity on the brane worldvolume enters naturally the derivation of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy including the correct prefactor. Moreover, a logarithmic correction with prefactor 1/2 is predicted.
The National Institutes of Health COVID-19 NeuroDatabank and NeuroBiobank: A National Resource for Learning, Discovery, and Progress

Patients suffering from COVID-19 experience a wide range of symptoms and sequelae, including increasingly recognized neurological problems. A concerted effort is necessary to identify and characterize these issues, whether newly appearing as a result of COVID-19 disease or exacerbations of underlying conditions. A national resource to collect information and/or biospecimens regarding neurological complications of COVID-19 offers an opportunity for broad representation, harmonization, and rapid learning, all while ensuring robust protection of confidential information through the use of global unique identifiers to protect patient privacy.
Toward Automated Cyber Defense with Secure Sharing of Structured Cyber Threat Intelligence

Cyber Threat sharing helps with defending against cyber attacks in a timely manner. Many frameworks have been proposed for CTI sharing such as Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) and Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information (TAXII). However, CTI sharing in a controlled and automated manner is critical. In this paper, we demonstrate Relationship Based Access Control (ReBAC) as an appropriate model for CTI sharing. We also develop an approach for automated threat detection, generation and sharing of structured CTI and taking course of actions to mitigate cyber threats. Finally, we implement an Automated Cyber Defense System in a cloud based environment.