cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical kinetics of Ru-catalyzed ammonia borane hydrolysis

Abstract Ammonia borane (AB) is a candidate material for on-board hydrogen storage, and hydrolysis is one of the potential processes by which the hydrogen may be released. This paper presents hydrogen generation measurements from the hydrolysis of dilute AB aqueous solutions catalyzed by ruthenium supported on carbon. Reaction kinetics necessary for the design of hydrolysis reactors were derived from the measurements. The hydrolysis had reaction orders greater than zero but less than unity in the temperature range from 16 °C to 55 °C. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model was adopted to interpret the data with parameters determined by a non-linear conjugate-gradient minimization algorithm. The ruthenium-catalyzed AB hydrolysis was found to have activation energy of 76 ± 0.1 kJ mol −1 and adsorption energy of −42.3 ± 0.33 kJ mol −1 . The observed hydrogen release rates were 843 ml H 2 min −1 (g catalyst) −1 and 8327 ml H 2 min −1 (g catalyst) −1 at 25 °C and 55 °C, respectively. The hydrogen release from AB catalyzed by ruthenium supported on carbon is significantly faster than that catalyzed by cobalt supported on alumina. Finally, the kinetic rate of hydrogen release by AB hydrolysis is much faster than that of hydrogen release by base-stabilized sodium borohydride hydrolysis.
Isolation and characterization of ovarian cancer antigen CA 125 using a new monoclonal antibody (VK-8) : Identification as a mucin-type molecule

A new murine monoclonal antibody (MAb VK-8), detecting the CA 125 ovarian cancer antigen, was used to purify this antigen from OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells by affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of the purified antigen are characteristic of a mucin-type glycoprotein: (1) the molecule is highly glycosylated (77% w/w), mainly with galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine, (2) the protein moiety is rich in serine, threonine and proline, (3) many of the serine and threonine residues are glycosylated, (4) the glycan chains are almost entirely O-linked, with core 2 [Galbeta1 --> 3(GlcNAcbeta1 --> 6)GalNAc] structures predominating and (5) these chains carry fucosylated Type 2 (Le(y) and Le(x) and H type 2) blood group structures. The antigen exhibited a very high m.w. (> 10(3) kDa) in aqueous buffer as well as in urea, but was degraded by proteolytic enzymes to smaller fragments that no longer reacted with the antibody. Although this result, and other immunochemical data, indicate that OC125, the original MAb to CA125, and VK-8 antibodies detect epitopes on the protein portion of the molecule, the involvement of carbohydrate cannot be ruled out. Further insight into the structure and function of the CA125 antigen will come from cloning the gene coding for the peptide backbone, and from more detailed carbohydrate structural analysis.
How not to found a field: New evidence on the origins of mass communication research

This article offers new evidence on the beginnings of mass communication study in the U.S., suggesting that the earliest communication programs were short-lived interdisciplinary committees at the University of Chicago that were at the forefront of an emerging field but died from lack of institutional support. Drawing on archival research and interviews, the article suggests that communication study, as separate from professional journalism training and the study of rhetoric, goes further back than previously assumed. Finally, the article investigates why the Chicago programs are unknown in our discipline's history—and what this tells us about academic institutions and mass communication research.
Authoritarian Attitudes, Degree of Pathology and Preference for Structured versus Unstructured Psychotherapy in Hospitalized Mental Patients

95 men and 125 women mental hospital patients were asked to indicate preference for relatively structured (lectures) versus relatively unstructured (group discussions) psychotherapy, each of which the patient experienced in the hospital. The preferences were related to the patients' degree of authoritarianism as measured by the California F Scale and degree of mental pathology as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Social class was held relatively constant, since all patients were of lower-middle or lower class. Authoritarianism was higher in those preferring the structured approach but degree of pathology was not consistently distinguishing. It is concluded that the personality of the patient can be an important factor in considering the kind of psychotherapeutic approach to be used.
Pliocene change in Pacific-plate motion

The absolute motion of the Pacific plate has been nearly constant during the past 15 Myr, but Epp1 recognized that some change took place between 15 Myr and the present, and tentatively chose 1 Myr for the time of the change. Cox and Engebretson2 found a change in Pacific absolute motion based on hotspot tracks and a change in Pacific–Antarctic relative motion. The Pliocene deformation in California and the Juan de Fuca rotations led them to postulate a 5-Myr age for the change. The manner and timing of the change are explored more thoroughly here, and we put the time for the change in motion of the Pacific plate at between 5 and 3.2 Myr, basing the younger limit on the correlation of computed hotspot tracks with Pacific and Nazca hotspot traces. The change may explain several observations on the neighbouring continental and oceanic plate boundaries, including direct adjustments at the Pacific spreading ridges. A likely mechanism for the change is a large clockwise torque caused by acceleration of the sinking slab beneath the Kurile trench, where a fossil spreading ridge is inferred to have been subducted.
The Mg isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater - evidence for a link between Mg-clays, seawater Mg/Ca, and climate

Abstract Cooling of Earth's climate over the Cenozoic has been accompanied by large changes in the magnesium and calcium content of seawater whose origins remain enigmatic. The processes that control these changes affect the magnesium isotopic composition of seawater, rendering it a useful tool for elucidating the processes that control seawater chemistry on geologic timescales. Here we present a Cenozoic magnesium isotope record of carbonate sediments and use a numerical model of seawater chemistry and the carbon cycle to test hypotheses for the covariation between Cenozoic seawater chemistry and climate. Records are consistent with a 2–3× increase in seawater Mg/Ca and little change in the Mg isotopic composition of seawater. These observations are best explained by a change in the cycling of Mg-silicates. We propose that Mg/Ca changes were caused by a reduction in removal of Mg from seawater in low-temperature marine clays, though an increase in the weathering of Mg-silicates cannot be excluded. We attribute the reduction in the Mg sink in marine clays to changes in ocean temperature, directly linking the major element chemistry of seawater to global climate and providing a novel explanation for the covariation of seawater Mg/Ca and climate over the Cenozoic.
A kinetics study of the temperature dependence of the reactions of OH(2Π) with CF3CHCl2, CF3CHClF, and CF2ClCH2Cl

The flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique has been utilized to determine the rate constants for three reactions involving the hydroxyl radical [OH(2≅)] and three halogenated C2 alkanes. The nominal temperature range covered was 250–375 K. The compounds studied and the resulting Arrhenius expressions in units of cm3/molec·sec are The error limits in these expressions are such that they include any possible systematic errors due to the presence of impurities in the halocarbon samples. Tropospheric lifetimes have been calculated for the above species by combining the above rate constant data with global seasonally and diurnally averaged hydroxyl radical concentrations.
Network utilization: The flow view

Building and operating a large backbone network can take months or even years, and it requires a substantial investment. Therefore, there is an economical drive to increase the utilization of network resources (links, switches, etc.) in order to improve the cost efficiency of the network. At the same time, the utilization of network components has a direct impact on the performance of the network and its resilience to failure, and thus operational considerations are a critical aspect of the decision regarding the desired network load and utilization. However, the actual utilization of the network resources is not easy to predict or control. It depends on many parameters like the traffic demand and the routing scheme (or Traffic Engineering if deployed), and it varies over time and space. As a result it is very difficult to actually define real network utilization and to understand the reasons for this utilization. In this paper we introduce a novel way to look at the network utilization. Unlike traditional approaches that consider the average link utilization, we take the flow perspective and consider the network utilization in terms of the growth potential of the flows in the network. After defining this new Flow Utilization, and discussing how it differs from common definitions of network utilization, we study ways to efficiently compute it over large networks. We then show, using real backbone data, that Flow Utilization is very useful in identifying network state and evaluating performance of TE algorithms.
Liquid electrolyte based on lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide salt: Aluminum corrosion studies and lithium ion battery investigations

The performance of a liquid electrolyte composed of lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide (LiSFI) in a 1:1 volume of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is evaluated for use in lithium ion batteries. Imide salts offer the benefits of higher thermal stability and could provide a safer alternative to LiPF6 which is prone to the formation of HF. However, the most studied lithium imide salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, is well known to have a problem with corrosion of aluminum which is commonly used as the cathode current collector. Consequently, the corrosion properties of liquid electrolytes based on lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide are also investigated.
Malignant transformation of benign cerebellar astrocytoma

A patient who had a well-differentiated cerebellar astrocytoma resected at 4 years of age, had glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum after a symptom-free interval of 28 years. Late malignant transformation of a cerebellar astrocytoma of childhood is rare and previous cases are reviewed. Cerebellar astrocytomas are typically among the most benign of primary brain malignancies with excellent long-term survival rates, sometimes with incomplete resection. This patient indicates that follow-up needs to be long-term because biologic behavior cannot be predicted fully in all cases.
Self‐Affirmation through Death: A Contribution to the Sociology of Suicide through Literature

This study contributes to the sociological study of suicide via an exploration of the implications and application of literary texts in sociological analysis. The examination of two pairs of literary texts suggests that some cases of suicide can be self-affirming. When the characters find themselves in circumstances that threaten their perception of who they are in their social contexts, they may choose the possibility of death over life with a change in self-concept. The interpretation of the four selected narrative cases of self-affirmative suicide is nestled in complexities of self-identity: two from The Iliad by Homer, and one each from Andorra and I'm Not Stiller by Max Frisch. Relating the findings to Turner's theory of impulsive versus institutional loci of real self, the article argues that institutionally constituted characters are more likely than impulsive-selves to find self-killing an acceptable resolution to their crises of identity. The findings are discussed in relation to classic theory in the sociology of suicide, concepts of the real self, and the use of literature in social science research.
The impact on tobacco use of branded youth anti-tobacco activities and family communications about tobacco.

In a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effect on tobacco use onset among middle school students of Family Communications (FC) activities designed to mobilize parental influences against tobacco use and Youth Anti-tobacco Activities (YAT) designed to market anti-tobacco norms to adolescents. We conducted a simple, two-condition experimental design in which 40 middle schools, with a prevalence of tobacco use at or above the Oregon median, received, by random assignment, either the intervention or no intervention. State, county, and local prevention coordinators around Oregon served as liaisons to schools. To generate interest, staff made presentations to these groups and distributed marketing packets at several conferences. Dependent variables were indices of smoking prevalence and use of smokeless tobacco (ST) in the prior month. Additionally, we created an intervention manual so that other communities could replicate this study. The findings suggest that efforts to influence parents to discourage their children’s tobacco use and efforts to market an anti-tobacco perspective to teens are effective in preventing smoking. The impact of YAT is consistent with experimental and nonexperimental evaluations of media campaigns to influence young people not to smoke.
A feedback-based sensor uncertainty detection scheme

In this paper, an adaptive feedback-based stable fault detection scheme is developed for linear time-invariant systems with sensor uncertainties and system parameter uncertainties. A parametric sensor uncertainty model with additive faults and multiplicative faults is introduced. To employ the model-based fault detection method, the sensor dynamics is derived. Based on the newly developed sensor dynamic models, a set of estimation model systems are established to estimate the sensor signals. Unlike most fault detection schemes which operate under the assumption that all system signals remain bounded under sensor uncertainty conditions, the adaptive sensor detection scheme proposed in this paper is integrated with an adaptive feedback controller which is designed to ensure the desired signal boundedness requirement needed for stable sensor uncertainty detection operation. By observing residuals between the sensor signals and the estimation model signals, the sensor uncertainty can be detected and specific uncertainty patterns can be identified. Desired adaptive sensor uncertainty detection performance is demonstrated in the simulation study for a linearized longitudinal aircraft flight control system.
Bending loss in optical waveguides for nonplanar laser array applications

The optical transmission loss in dielectric waveguide bends is investigated using the finite‐difference time‐domain approach. An absorbing boundary condition, applied to reduce the size of the mesh, is proven to work very well for the waveguide structure. The desired modes are excited using the solution of a one‐dimensional waveguide structure. The bending loss is then obtained using the methods of overlap integral and least‐square fit. The structures of multiple‐bend waveguides are analyzed. It is shown that the coupling between neighboring bends leads to direct transmission to the waveguide section on the aligned plane in addition to the transmission through the zigzag path. The bending loss in nonplanar laser arrays is investigated in detail. The possibility of having a shallow groove depth laser array is then discussed. Lateral lasing is prohibited by the radiation loss due to the bend. It is observed that the optical coupling between neighboring emitters is enhanced by the shallow groove depth, imply...
The Loop Current and adjacent rings delineated by Lagrangian analysis of the near-surface flow

Evolution of the Loop Current and the adjacent mesoscale rings was investigated over a 20-day period, starting June 1, 1998. Model sea-surface height and near-surface velocity fields from the Colorado University Princeton Ocean Model of the Gulf of Mexico were used along with drifter data in the study. A Lagrangian analysis provided detailed information about ring interaction and revealed features that were not apparent in the Eulerian picture. During the observation period, a new ring was formed in the meander of the Loop Current and a large anticyclonic ring to the west was cleaved by a cyclonic eddy. The coherent structures were identified in the Lagrangian framework by means of material curves (manifolds) that act as their boundaries. Concurrent drifter trajectories were in qualitative agreement with the results of the Lagrangian analysis.
Integral domain type representations in sheaves and other topoi

In this paper we examine when an algebra of some kind can be represented as the algebra of sections of, for example, a sheaf whose stalks satisfy first-order conditions. This extends the work of [11] which was mainly restricted to totally Hausdorff representations. The general purpose of this work is to relate (classical) universal algebra to intuitionistic algebra in the spirit of [-16]. Our best results characterize rings of sections of integral domain objects and represent any f-ring by a sheaf of totally ordered rings. In these cases the results are true for an arbitrary topos defined over sets and not just for a spatial topos. (A spatial topos is a category of sheaves over a fixed base. This paper makes sense even if the word " topos" is consistently read as "spatial topos.") We proceed to state our results in detail for integral domain objects and totally ordered ring objects.
The relationship among participative management style, strategy implementation success, and financial performance in the foodservice industry

This study looked at the degree of participative management used by firms in the restaurant industry. Findings indicated higher levels of action plan implementation success and financial success for restaurant firms using a higher level of participation in decision-making and plan execution. Smaller firms (single unit) were more likely to use an approach with greater participation by middle-level managers and lower-level managers than larger firms (multi-unit). While larger firms had higher financial performance in general, implications include the value of higher participatory approaches by managers to enhance financial and implementation execution, particularly, for smaller restaurant firms.
The Survival of Erwinia amylovora in Airborne Particles: Tests in the Laboratory and in the Open Air

The causative organism of fire-blight, Erwinia amylovora, survives well when contained in small airborne particles held in the laboratory at relative humidities between 40 and 90 %. Although greater loss of viability occurred when simulated aerosols were exposed to the open air, there were still significant numbers of organisms viable after 2 h.
Breeding studies in the genus camellia (Theaceae). I. A chemotaxonomic analysis of synthetic hybrids and backcrosses involving Camellia japonica and C. saluenensis

Six interspecific backcross prog enies were generated by crossing hybrids ofC. saluenensis XC. japonica (C. Xwilliamsii) back toC. japonica. Segregation data were obtained within these six families for five traits, three involving flavonoid constituents and two pubescence characters. A single major gene seemed to be primarily involved in each case, and two of the traits exhibited linkage behavior. The taxonomic value of such marker traits is discussed.
The correlation between the vestibulo-ocular reflex and multi-focal ocular correction: implications for vestibular compensation

Abstract Purpose An accurate vestibulo-ocular reflex is important for gaze stability, and is adaptable through modification, based on stable and repeated vestibular and visual feedback. The optical power of eye glasses changes the ocular rotation needed to view an object due to the prismatic effect. Depending on the diopter of a lens, eyes have to rotate through fewer or more degrees to correct for refractive change. We aim to determine how multifocal lenses, such as progressives, affect needed ocular rotation and ocular gain based on location of the lens in which an object is viewed. Differing ocular gains within the same field of vision will create non-stable visual feedback possibly delaying vestibular recovery. Methods and materials Needed ocular rotation, and ocular gain to view an object 30° lateral to midline were calculated across different points in the vertical axis of a representative progressive lens. Results In a progressive lens with superior correction of + 1 D and inferior correction of + 5.5 D, needed ocular rotation to view an object 30° lateral to midline would differ by 4.015°, with difference in ocular gain of 0.1336, indicating a 13.027% change in ocular gain, based on superior verse inferior viewing. Conclusions Progressive lenses have variable areas of VOR gain. This lack of consistent vestibulo-visual feedback may lead to prolonged compensation time in patients with vestibular injury.
Galanin gene expression is increased in the anterior pituitary gland of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone transgenic mouse

The peptide galanin is synthesized within and secreted from specific cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Previous studies showed that GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates galanin release from pituitary cells in vitro. In the present study we used human (h) GHRH transgenic mice to examine the effects of high circulating levels of GHRH on pituitary galanin gene expression in vivo. Moreover, the hGHRH transgenic mice develop pituitary tumors and, thus, may be used as a model of estrogen-independent pituitary adenoma formation. We examined male hGHRH transgenic mice and nontransgenic siblings at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 months of age. Transgenic mice were identified using the polymerase chain reaction. Body weights and plasma mGH levels were higher in transgenic mice at all ages. Total protein contents in the anterior pituitary glands of transgenic mice were significantly greater at each age. Galanin peptide contents in the anterior pituitary gland of hGHRH mice were normalized for differences in total protein...
Academic Freedom and Catholic Higher Education

(1989). Academic Freedom and Catholic Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 223-225.
Certification in allergy

“Be it resolved that the Section on Allergy of the American Medical Association favors the estalrlishment of an independent board to certify in allergy physicians already certified in internal medicine or pediatrics. The Section requests its Chairman to take suitable steps to seek the concurrence of the national allergy associations in presenting a petition for the establishment of such a hoard to the Advisory Board of Medical Specialties.”
Tall fescue utilization by exercised - yearling horses

Summary Little information has been published concerning the effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue consumption on performance of young growing horses. Therefore, this study evaluated exercise performance and growth by yearlings fed endophyte-infected fescue. Twelve Quarter Horse yearlings (12-16 months of age) were blocked by age and sex and randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group I received native prairie hay (P), Group II received endophyte-free fescue hay (EF) and, Group III received endophyte infected fescue hay (EI). Rectal temperatures were monitored daily and growth parameters (weight, hip and wither heights, and body fat) were measured at the start of the study (d 0) and every 2 weeks throughout the 106 d study. Additionally, blood samples were collected on d 0 and every 28 d for the duration of the study to monitor blood concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, prolactin (PRL), thyroxine (T 4 ), and triiodothyronine (T 3 ). Horses were exercised twice a week for 10-30 min. Respiration, heart rate, and rectal temperature were measured at the start and 5, 30, and 60 min postexercise. Growth parameters and daily rectal temperatures were not different (P >.05) among grdups. No differences (P >.05) occurred among groups in concentrations of serum calcium, phosphorus, PRL, T 3 , and T 4 . Respiration rates were lower (P
Declining coronary artery bypass-related mortality: more than meets the eye?

Dr. Bhatt receives research grants from Amarin, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ethicon, Medtronic, Sanofi Aventis, and The Medicines Company. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Pertussis toxin inhibits neuropeptide Y-induced feeding in rats.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most powerful peptide drug stimulating feeding in rats. Rats with paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) cannulae were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in NPY-induced feeding. Consistent with previous reports, injection of 2 μg of NPY into the PVH significantly increased the cumulative food intake over 1-, 2- and 4-hr periods. Ad lib feeding decreased significantly two days after pertussis toxin (PT) administration, but recovered to nearly normal levels on the fourth day. PT had no immediate effect on NPY-induced feeding; however, four days after PT was injected NPY (2 μg) did not increase the food intake compared to control. In vitro investigations showed that isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hypothalamus of control rats was inhibited by NPY. In PT-treated rats, however, no inhibition of cAMP production was observed. These results suggest that cAMP may mediate NPY-induced feeding and that a PT-sensitive G protein may be involved in this signal transduction.
Glucocorticosteroid inhibition of nonphagocytic discharge of lysosomal enzymes from human neutrophils

Glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticosteroids were tested for their capacity to inhibit the nonphagocytic discharge of two lysosomal enzymes--a cartilage matrix-degrading neutral protease and beta-glucuronidase--from highly purified human neutrophils. Lysosomal enzyme discharge from neutrophils adherent to nonphagocytizable, immobilized, heat-aggregated IgG was inhibited by the four glucocorticosteroids--methylprednisolone sodium succinate, triamcinolone acetonide hemisuccinate, para methasone acetate, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate. These glucocorticoids also inhibited zymosan-induced release of beta-glucuronidase from neutrophils that had been pretreated with cytochalasin B in order to completely prevent the onset of phagocytosis. Inhibition by the glucocorticoids of lysosomal enzyme discharge provoked by a soluble divalent cation ionophore was also observed. Neither desoxycorticosterone acetate nor aldosterone hemisuccinate, two mineralocorticosteroids, inhibited lysosomal enzyme release. Similarly, the salt moieties of some of the steroids tested, such as sodium succinate and sodium acetate, failed to elicit an effect on enzyme release. Therefore interference with lysosomal enzyme discharge was restricted to the glucocorticosteroid ring structure. Because interference either with the adherence of neutrophils to immune reactants or with the activities of the discharged lysosomal enzymes by the glucocorticoids could be interpreted as inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release, steroidal effects on these parameters were examined. None of the glucocorticoids tested elicited any significant effects on neutrophil adherence or lysosomal enzyme activity. Thus it appears that glucocorticosteroids are capable of inhibiting directly the nonphagocytic discharge of lysosomal enzymes from human neutrophils.
The pH-dependent structure of calf thymus DNA studied by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract The pH-dependent structure of calf thymus DNA is analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra in the acidic region demonstrate that denaturation occurs in several steps. The binding of H+ to adenine and cytosine residues is accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of DNA in the B-conformation and a concurrent increase in a conformation most probably related to the C-form. The denaturation of DNA is observed at pH 3.3 and parallels the protonation of guanine bases. The Raman spectra of calf thymus DNA in the basic region (above pH 10) show that guanine residues are deprotonated at a lower pH value than are thymine residues. In addition, Raman spectra in the basic region detect conformational changes of the phosphate backbone different from those found in the acidic region.
Who Provides Primary Care? An Assessment of HIV Patient and Provider Practices and Preferences

Background: Non-AIDS co-morbidities are emerging as the main health problems for those living with HIV, and primary care for this population is an evolving challenge. Recent studies have raised the question of whether specialists or generalists are best suited to provide HIV primary care, but patients’ actual usage patterns and the preferences of patients and providers have not been well studied. Methods: We anonymously surveyed 98 patients and eight HIV-specialized providers regarding primary care usage patterns and preferences at an academic HIV clinic in Los Angeles that serves insured patients. Results: Fifty-nine percent of patients use their HIV physician as their primary care provider, and 84% would prefer this model. Physicians were divided on their preferred role, with five out of eight desiring to provide both primary care and HIV care. All eight physicians rated their comfort with antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic infections greater than for non-AIDS co-morbidities. Eighty-one percent of patients and seven of eight providers were supportive of having a co-located primary care physician at the HIV clinic. Conclusions: We conclude that patients prefer integration of HIV and primary care, but providers have variable desire to serve as primary care physicians and may be uncomfortable with non-AIDS co-morbidities. This raises the need for improved patient-provider communication about primary care needs, and calls for novel ways of systematically providing primary care to HIV-infected patients.
How activities foster CMC tool use in classrooms

This paper explores the relationship between CMC tool use and classroom activity cycles. Results of case studies of students in two high schools using email, Usenet news, and a multimedia groupware notebook are presented. Findings indicate that teacher designs for classroom activity relate strongly to the frequency with which different tools are used.
An mTERF domain protein functions in group II intron splicing in maize chloroplasts.

The mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) proteins are nucleic acid binding proteins characterized by degenerate helical repeats of � 30 amino acids. Metazoan genomes encode a small family of mTERF proteins whose members influence mitochondrial gene expression and DNA replication. The mTERF family in higher plants consists of roughly 30 members, which localize to mitochondria or chloroplasts. Effects of several mTERF proteins on plant development and physiology have been described, but molecular functions of mTERF proteins in plants are unknown. We show that a maize mTERF protein, Zm-mTERF4, promotes the splicing of group II introns in chloroplasts. Zm-mTERF4 coimmunoprecipitates with many chloroplast introns and the splicing of some of these introns is disrupted even in hypomorphic Zm-mterf4 mutants. Furthermore, Zm-mTERF4 is found in high molecular weight complexes that include known chloroplast splicing factors. The splicing of two transfer RNAs (trnI-GAU and trnA-UGC) and one ribosomal protein messenger RNA (rpl2) is particularly sensitive to the loss of Zm-mTERF4, accounting for the loss of plastid ribosomes in Zm-mTERF4 mutants. These findings extend the known functional repertoire of the mTERF family to include group II intron splicing and suggest that a conserved role in chloroplast RNA splicing underlies the physiological defects described for mutations in BSM/Rugosa2, the Zm-mTERF4 ortholog in Arabidopsis.
Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis: N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants of Propionibacterium shermanii.

An isolation method for N -methyl- N ′-nitrosoguanidine-induced catalase negative mutants of P. shermanii based on replica plating is described. In contrast to previous methods, it extends to the early stages of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis which are common in both corrins and porphyrins. It may thus aid in elucidating the mechanism and control of porphyrin and corrin biosynthesis. Some preliminary results are discussed.
12. Implementation of a Male Domestic Violence Screening Program

According to the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence, approximately 100,000 people are victims of domestic violence each year and, of this number, it is estimated that 5% are men. Although female domestic violence screening is prevalent today in most health care settings, many screening programs do not include the male population. In 2000, a domestic violence screening program for female victims was implemented at a 3-site tertiary care, level I trauma center in Eastern Pennsylvania that treats more than 103,000 patients annually across 3 ED sites. Preliminary review of 2002 and 2003 data showed that our emergency department had a 14.8% incidence of male domestic violence patients without a male screening program in place. Therefore, in January 2004, the current screening process was expanded to include male domestic violence screening for all patients aged 15 to 65 years.Â Prior to implementation, the project leader met with community agencies to learn more about the available resources for male domestic violence victims.Â All positive male victims were referred to a local domestic violence facility. During the first month after implementation of the expanded screening process, 1100 patients qualified for domestic violence screening. Forty-two percent of the patients were men and 58% were women. From these numbers, one man (11%) and 8 women (89%) were positively identified as domestic violence victims. Based on results from our institution, we recommend that when implementing a domestic violence screening program, it would be most beneficial to implement a screening tool for both men and women, simultaneously. If a female domestic violence screening program is already in place, emergency departments should consider expanding the screening process to include men, because prevalence is higher than once thought. In order to maximize the program's success, screening development and implementation should be a collaborative effort between ED staff and community resources.
Skin friction of power law fluids in turbulent flow over a flat plate

An analysis is presented for skin friction of power law fluids in turbulent flow over a flat plate. A momentum balance is combined with a logarithmic velocity profile and the resulting equation is integrated. Skin friction is shown to be a function of non-Newtonian Reynolds number and power law shear rate exponent. Closed form solutions for viscous drag are obtained for some values of shear rate exponent, but in general a numerical integration is necessary. The equations and curves presented are valid for any power law fluid. Computations may be carried out once the fluid viscosity and shear rate exponent are known. As an example, the results are applied to a power law fluid consisting of Carbopol in water. It is shown how viscous drag is affected by changes in the polymer concentration.
Historical trend of disparity implications of Medicare MTM eligibility criteria

Abstract Background Non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks) and Hispanics have a lower likelihood of being eligible for medication therapy management (MTM) services than do non-Hispanic Whites (Whites) based on Medicare MTM eligibility criteria. Objectives To determine whether MTM eligibility criteria would perform differently over time, this study examined the trend of MTM disparities from 1996–1997 to 2007–2008. Methods The study populations were Medicare beneficiaries from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Proportions and the odds of MTM eligibility were compared between Whites and ethnic minorities. The trend of disparities was examined by including in logistic regression models interaction terms between dummy variables for the minority groups and 2007–2008. MTM eligibility thresholds for 2008 and 2010–2011 were analyzed. Main and sensitivity analyses were conducted to represent the entire range of the eligibility criteria. Results This study found no statistical significant racial or ethnic disparities associated with the MTM eligibility criteria for 2008 among the Medicare population during 1996–1997. However, racial disparities associated with 2010–2011 MTM eligibility criteria were significant according to multivariate analyses among the Medicare population during 1996–1997. During 2007–2008, both racial and ethnic disparities associated with both 2008 MTM eligibility criteria and 2010–2011 eligibility criteria were generally significant. Disparity patterns did not exhibit a statistically significant change from 1996–1997 to 2007–2008. Conclusions Racial and ethnic disparities in meeting MTM eligibility criteria may not decrease over time unless MTM eligibility criteria are changed.
Associations between Intensity of RRT, Inflammatory Mediators, and Outcomes

Background and objectives Critically ill patients requiring RRT have higher circulating plasma concentrations of inflammatory and apoptosis markers that are associated with subsequent RRT dependence and death. Whether intensive dosing of RRT is associated with changes in specific mediators is unknown. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A multicenter, prospective, cohort study of 817 critically ill patients receiving RRT ancillary to the Veterans Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study was conducted between November 2003 and July 2007. Plasma inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and apoptosis (TNF receptor-I [TNFR-I], TNFR-II, and death receptor-5) biomarkers on days 1 and 8 were examined after initiation of intensive RRT. Whether intensive RRT, given day 1 biomarkers, is associated with RRT independence and lower mortality at day 60 was also examined. Results Overall, no differences were found in day 8 biomarker concentrations between intensive and less-intensive RRT groups. When adjusted for day 1 biomarkers and clinical variables, intensive RRT was not associated with renal recovery (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.14) or mortality (adjusted OR, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.64). Use of intensive RRT, however, was associated with lower day 8 concentrations when day 1 plasma IL-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and TNFR-I concentrations were high (interaction P value for all markers, Conclusions Among critically ill patients receiving RRT, intensive dosing of RRT has variable association with biomarker concentration and no association with renal recovery and mortality. However, elevated concentrations of inflammatory and apoptosis markers on day 8 of RRT were associated with RRT dependence and death.
FLORIDA CITY DEBT—A CASE STUDY†

FLORIDA CITY DEBT was a familiar subject in governmental circles two decades ago when municipal bankruptcy directed congressional attention to debt composition by the judiciary. Twenty years thereafter is a desirable time for stock-taking by a case study that embodies so many of the fiscal problems found elsewhere to a varying degree. Florida affords an excellent laboratory because this state was notorious during the 1930's for debt defaults, tax delinquency, and unbalanced budgets. By 1952, Florida's local governments were in the clear by the almost complete cure of defaults. Only four small cities continued in default, while defaults in eight school districts persisted only for small sums. Although the counties were free of defaults, the emergence of a new (and now cured) default by the Ferdandina Port Authority shows that maladministration, as well as economic declines, can induce defaults.
A provably sound TAL for back-end optimization

Typed assembly languages provide a way to generate machine-checkable safety proofs for machine-language programs. But the soundness proofs of most existing typed assembly languages are hand-written and cannot be machine-checked, which is worrisome for such large calculi. We have designed and implemented a low-level typed assembly language (LTAL) with a semantic model and established its soundness from the model. Compared to existing typed assembly languages, LTAL is more scalable and more secure; it has no macro instructions that hinder low-level optimizations such as instruction scheduling; its type constructors are expressive enough to capture dataflow information, support the compiler's choice of data representations and permit typed position-independent code; and its type-checking algorithm is completely syntax-directed.We have built a prototype system, based on Standard ML of New Jersey, that compiles most of core ML to Sparc code. We explain how we were able to make the untyped back end in SML/NJ preserve types during instruction selection and register allocation, without restricting low-level optimizations and without knowledge of any type system pervading the instruction selector and register allocator.
San Diego Suicide Study: Comparison of Gay to Straight Males.

Previous large studies of completed suicides have not considered sexual orientation in their data analyses. In this study, data from the known homosexual subpopulation (13 males, aged 21-42) in a series of 283 suicides were examined. They were compared with all other aged male suicides 21-42 (n = 106). Both groups showed considerable substance abuse plus a variety of other psychiatric diagnoses. Both also had a high frequency of relationship difficulties near the time of death. Gays who committed suicide did not have a history of more police trouble and were no more likely to be living alone than the comparison group. They did not have more prior suicide attempts or previous psychiatric treatment. We conclude that, among the factors examined here, there appears to be little difference between gay and heterosexual male suicides.
Suppression of amber and ochre mutants in Salmonella typhimurium by a mutant F'-1-gal factor carrying an ochre suppressor gene.

A Salmonella typhimurium strain was given the amber mutation hisC527 by transduction, made galactose-negative by mutation, then infected with the F′-1-gal factor. Of 107 spontaneous and mutagen-induced histidine-independent mutants tested, 3 proved to result from suppressor mutations within the F′ factor. The mutant F′ factors, when transferred to S. typhimurium and E. coli auxotrophs, suppressed amber and ochre but not UGA or missense mutants, and are inferred to carry ochre suppressor genes. Attempts to isolate an F′ amber suppressor mutant were unsuccessful. A suppressor F′ factor was transferred to 14 rough mutants which had been isolated from LT2 hisC527 (amber) by selection for resistance to phage P22.c2. One rough mutant was partly suppressed, as shown by its acquisition of O agglutinability and by alterations in its phage resistance pattern. Phage P22h grown on the suppressed mutant contransduced its rf. gene with cysE+ and with pyrE+, and the affected locus is inferred to be rfaL. Both the original and the mutant F′ factors conferred resistance to the rough-specific phage Br60, which is therefore “female-specific.”
Addressing the Barriers to Cervical Cancer Prevention Among Hispanic Women

Cervical cancer in the USA has transformed from a leading cause of cancer death, to a now largely preventable disease. Despite these advances, however, certain segments of the population, including Hispanic women, continue to be at increased risk. A literature review was performed to summarize epidemiologic trends and barriers to care affecting Hispanic women. Hispanic women suffer a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer in the USA. The reasons why Hispanic women remain at increased risk are multifactorial and include resource limitations within the healthcare system. Language, cultural, and knowledge barriers also play a significant role. The greatest modifiable risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma is non-compliance with recommended preventative care, yet the reasons why women fail to receive this care are varied. A multi-faceted approach to risk reduction is needed, including improved health care access, population-targeted outreach, language-appropriate services, and culturally competent care.
Systematic review of reports describing potential impact of the Sunshine Act on peer-reviewed medical publications.

AbstractObjective:The Physician Payments Sunshine Act, enacted in 2010, is intended to increase the transparency of relationships between US physicians and teaching hospitals and manufacturers of drugs, biologics, and medical devices. We examined current opinion regarding the impact of the Sunshine Act on peer-reviewed medical publications.Research design and methods:We searched indexed databases (NLM/PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus) and nonindexed sources (lay and medical press, medical websites, congress abstracts) for articles published between January 2010 and June 2015 that contained terms indicative of content related to the Sunshine Act (e.g., ‘Sunshine Act’, ‘open payment program’). Nine publication professionals then systematically reviewed identified articles for publications-related content.Main outcome measures:Quantification and characterization of publications that focused on the Sunshine Act and its implications for medical publishing.Results:Among 1200 indexed publications, 113 had content on t...
A simple faceting model for the interfacial and cleavage energies of Σ3 grain boundaries in the complete boundary plane orientation space

Abstract Interfacial energies play a crucial role in the evolution of polycrystalline microstructures both in structural and functional materials. From a crystallographic perspective, the energy landscape depends both on the misorientation and the boundary-plane orientation of grain boundaries (GBs). Traditionally, however, GB structure–property relationships have been investigated primarily for interfaces with twist or tilt character and with an emphasis on the role of misorientation. In this article, we introduce an automated routine for simulating the minimum energy structures for general GBs. The important role of the boundary-plane orientation is elucidated by simulating 297 distinct Aluminum Σ 3 GBs that adequately sample the fundamental zone of the plane orientation space. It is observed that while the energy varies significantly as a function of the boundary-plane orientation, the variation is also smooth and without cusps in the fundamental zone. In this article, a simple energy function, motivated by the two-dimensional faceting model for interface structures, is proposed for the free-surfaces and the Σ 3 GBs in Aluminum. The energy function consists of only three fitting parameters and predicts the energy landscape surprisingly well. It is anticipated that this model may be extended to represent the energies of GBs corresponding to higher Σ -misorientations. Finally, as an application of the faceting model for interfaces, the theoretical cleavage energies for Σ 3 GBs in Aluminum have been computed. It has been observed that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the Σ 3 ( 1 1 1 ) twin boundary does not exhibit the highest cleavage energy and these results are expected to have consequences for grain boundary engineering.