cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are luminescent quantum dots efficient energy acceptors

Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were used to investigate the ability of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) to function as efficient energy acceptors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) binding assays with organic dye donors. Fluorescent dyes, AlexaFluor 488 or Cy3, were used with various QD acceptors in QD-dye-labeled-protein conjugates. Data derived from both sets of experiments showed no apparent FRET from dye to QD. The collected data were discussed within the framework of a competition between a fast radiative decay rate of the donor excitation and a slower FRET decay rate. This is due to the long exciton lifetime of the acceptor compared to that of the dye, combined with substantial QD direct excitation.
The median and the competitive equilibrium in one dimension

Two alternative models of legislative outcomes are the minimum winning coalition and the competitive equilibrium (Koford, 1982). In a unidimensional setting, the outcome under the former is the median, while the outcome under the latter is the highest net demand location. This paper describes the competitive equilibrium in a unidimensional model, and shows that under some common conditions it coincides with the median, in particular for pure redistributive issues. However, for distributive issues, the two equilibria will differ. Finally, the comparative statics of the two models are examined; while the winning coalition is sensitive only to changes in the location of the median, for “distributive” issues the competitive equilibrium has the standard “economic” comparative statics that the outcome adjusts in the direction of the change in preferences.
ERα-associated protein networks

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that, upon binding hormone, interacts with specific recognition sequences in DNA. An extensive body of literature has documented the association of individual regulatory proteins with ERα. It has recently become apparent that, instead of simply recruiting individual proteins, ERα recruits interconnected networks of proteins with discrete activities that play crucial roles in maintaining the structure and function of the receptor, stabilizing the receptor–DNA interaction, influencing estrogen-responsive gene expression, and repairing misfolded proteins and damaged DNA. Together these studies suggest that the DNA-bound ERα serves as a nucleating factor for the recruitment of protein complexes involved in key processes including the oxidative stress response, DNA repair, and transcription regulation.
A review of fluidized-bed combustion technology in the United States

Abstract Work on fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) began in the United States in the mid-1960s, with primary emphasis on industrial applications. With the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the environmental benefits of the technology soon attracted interest. This provided the impetus for expanded effort focused on the reduced nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions resulting from lower combustion temperature and sulfur dioxide (SO2) capture by means of chemical reaction with limestone or dolomite in the fluidized bed. The oil embargo of 1973 further stimulated interest in FBC technology. Recent interest in fuel flexibility has sustained the interest in FBC in the United States. Several U.S. manufacturers now offer atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) and circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) units for industrial applications. However, FBC for electric power generation remains in the development and demonstration phase. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) are operating a 20-MW(e) AFBC utility pilot plant and are proceeding with plans for a 160-MW(e) demonstration plant with other participants. Research on pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) has been under way at Grimethorpe in South Yorkshire, England, at the Curtiss-Wright Pilot Plant in the United States, and at other smaller test facilities. An emerging turbo-charged PFBC concept is likely to stimulate more near-term interest in PFBC technology for both industrial and utility applications. This paper describes the major U.S. programs and test facilities. The remaining technical uncertainties and the future outlook for the technology are also discussed.
Recovery of nickel and other metals from nickel alloy scrap

Abstract A pilot plant procedure to treat alloy scrap containing 30–60% nickel, 0.5–15% chromium and −2 , 60–65°C, a 4.0–4.5 pH catholyte solution containing 60–65 g l −1 nickel, and a 2.0–3.0 pH anolyte solution. Purified catholyte was prepared by removing chromium hydroxide which was precipitated by adding Na 2 CO 3 or NiCO 3 solution to pH 4.2–4.6. Iron was eliminated with chlorine gas by vigorously aerating the solution to oxidize the iron and precipitate ferric hydroxide at pH 4.8–5.0. Cobaltic hydroxide was also precipitated along with iron. Activated carbon and anion exchange resin were used to remove trace amounts of copper, chromium, zinc and organic matter. After pH adjustment, the remaining purified solution was used for electrolysis in the cathode compartment where nickel was recovered. Some problems in the melting step and the control of technical conditions are discussed.
Surface stress induced in Cu foils during and after low energy ion bombardment

Abstract We present measurements of the stress induced by low energy Ar ion bombardment on Cu foils using a wafer curvature technique. The observed stress is found to be on the order of a few GPa, assuming a range for the Ar in Cu of several nanometers. At room temperature, a compressive stress is observed to build up on the surface during sputtering. The stress relaxes after the beam is turned off, leaving a residual tensile stress in the foil. To determine the mechanisms controlling the stress evolution, we have measured the temperature and flux dependence of the induced stress. At elevated temperature (∼100–200 °C), both the compressive and tensile stresses are reduced. The observed temperature and flux dependence is discussed in terms of the different kinetics processes (ion incorporation, defect generation, stress relaxation, etc.) occurring in the film.
Psychiatric treatment and the condition of the mentally disturbed at Berlin's Charité in the early decades of the nineteenth century

The life of the mentally disturbed in psychiatric institutions during the first decades of the nineteenth century has been many times described by psychiatrists connected with those institutions. The accuracy of these accounts is, however, difficult to ascertain because independent testimonies are rare. Yet, such material on the conditions at the Psychiatric Section of Charite Hospital in Berlin, which was at that time Prussia's leading psychiatric institution, is extant. This material pertains to the criminal trial proceedings against Ernst Horn, the Second Director at Charite, who in 1811 was charged with malfeasance and negligent homicide in the treatment of a mentally disturbed patient. The materials describe the daily routine of the patients as well as the therapeutic procedures - both occupational therapy and the application of noxious agents. Consideration of the conditions and therapeutic treatments of the mentally disturbed at this time is important because these were the formative years of institutionalized psychiatry which have to some extent, influenced practices during the rest of the century.
Effect of Flow Pulsatility on 2nd Stage Fontan Hemodynamics: An In Vitro Investigation

The Fontan procedure [1] is the staged, palliative surgical approach used to treat patients suffering from single ventricle congenital heart defects. The second stage of this procedure involves the connection of the superior vena cava (SVC) to the pulmonary arteries (PAs) in either an end-to-side (known as the Bi-Directional Glenn (BDG)) or side-to-side (or Hemi-Fontan (HF)) fashion. Because of obvious disparities at the connection site, there are understandable differences in the fluid dynamics between the two geometries.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Quark recombination and elliptic flow

Elliptic flow systematics for different hadron species have been explained by quark coalescence models. It has been argued that the elliptic anisotropy ${v}_{2}$ should scale with the number of quarks that comprise the hadron. We show how these arguments are sensitive to the relative role of anisotropies in the phase space density vs. anisotropies in the effective volume of emission. We also discuss the degree to which coalescence arguments differ from thermal models. Illustrative calculations based on solving the Boltzmann equation are presented along with the results of blast wave models. Although the issue is complicated, ambiguities might be clarified by measurements of source-size parameters for nucleons at higher transverse momenta.
The relationship of ethnic identity and ego identity status among adolescents and young adults

Abstract A multi-ethnic sample of 248, ages 13–26, was used to examine the effects of age, gender, and ethnic group membership on ethnic identity and ego identity scores. Subjects were recruited from college and public schools in a large northeastern metropolitan area. The multigroup ethnic identity measure (MEIM) was used to assess ethnic identity and ego identity status was measured by the extended objective measure of ego identity status (EOMEIS). An age by ethnic group design was employed. Consistent findings of significant ethnic group differences in levels of ethnic identity were observed. Age and ethnic group were found to contribute differently to ethnic identity and ego identity status. The relationship between ethnic identity and ego identity status was found to be pronounced among subjects of color but not as dramatic as hypothesized.
Mne1 Is a Novel Component of the Mitochondrial Splicing Apparatus Responsible for Processing of a COX1 Group I Intron in Yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking Mne1 are deficient in intron splicing in the gene encoding the Cox1 subunit of cytochrome oxidase but contain wild-type levels of the bc1 complex. Thus, Mne1 has no role in splicing of COB introns or expression of the COB gene. Northern experiments suggest that splicing of the COX1 aI5β intron is dependent on Mne1 in addition to the previously known Mrs1, Mss116, Pet54, and Suv3 factors. Processing of the aI5β intron is similarly impaired in mne1Δ and mrs1Δ cells and overexpression of Mrs1 partially restores the respiratory function of mne1Δ cells. Mrs1 is known to function in the initial transesterification reaction of splicing. Mne1 is a mitochondrial matrix protein loosely associated with the inner membrane and is found in a high mass ribonucleoprotein complex specifically associated with the COX1 mRNA even within an intronless strain. Mne1 does not appear to have a secondary function in COX1 processing or translation, because disruption of MNE1 in cells containing intronless mtDNA does not lead to a respiratory growth defect. Thus, the primary defect in mne1Δ cells is splicing of the aI5β intron in COX1.
Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence

Approximately 200 studies that examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and cancers of the lung, colon, breast, cervix, esophagus, oral cavity, stomach, bladder, pancreas, and ovary are reviewed. A statistically significant protective effect of fruit and vegetable consumption was found in 128 of 156 dietary studies in which results were expressed in terms of relative risk. For most cancer sites, persons with low fruit and vegetable intake (at least the lower one-fourth of the population) experience about twice the risk of cancer compared with those with high intake, even after control for potentially confounding factors. For lung cancer, significant protection was found in 24 of 25 studies after control for smoking in most instances. Fruits, in particular, were significantly protective in cancers of the esophagus, oral cavity, and larynx, for which 28 of 29 studies were significant. Strong evidence of a protective effect of fruit and vegetable consumption was seen in cancers of the pancreas and stomach (26 of 30 studies), as well as in colorectal and bladder cancers (23 of 38 studies). For cancers of the cervix, ovary, and endometrium, a significant protective effect was shown in 11 of 13 studies, and for breast cancer a protective effect was found to be strong and consistent in a meta analysis. It would appear that major public health benefits could be achieved by substantially increasing consumption of these foods.
Navigating the complexity of qualitative research in postmodern contexts: assemblage, critical reflexivity, and communion as guides

For graduate students and other emerging qualitative researchers, the ever-evolving and sometimes conflicting perspectives, methodologies, and practices within various post-positivist frameworks (e.g. feminist, critical, Indigenous, participatory) can be overwhelming. Qualitative researchers working within postmodern contexts of multiplicity and ambiguity are tasked with working through challenges – related to methods, interpretation, and representation – throughout the research process. Through examining related literature and incorporating my own experiences, I explore ethical dilemmas that social justice-oriented qualitative researchers may encounter as a result of conflicting multiplicities of difference among researcher(s), participants, and readers. Such dilemmas include incongruent interpretations between participants and researchers, and participants’ and researchers’ conflicting desires about what should be shared, intercultural (mis)interpretations, rapport issues, and conflicts between research...
Complex permittivities of IR window materials in the frequency range 18-40 GHz

The complex permittivities of several infrared window materials have been determined at microwave frequencies in the range 18 to 40 GHz using a cavity resonator method. These materials include ZnSe, ZnS, and CdTe.
Comparison of variations in MOSFET versus CNFET in gigascale integrated systems

Using previously developed model for CNT density variation in CNFETs and random dopant fluctuation model in MOSFET, we compared and presented overall device variations in MOSFET and CNFET for gigascale integrated systems. Even if all of the sources of variation can be well-controlled in the manufacturing process, it is very hard (if not impractical) to control the dopant fluctuation in MOSFET and CNT density variation in CNFET device technology. Our analysis shows that in 32nm technology node, the random dopant fluctuation in a typical n-type MOSFET creates 1.1% on-current, 6.7% off-current, 0.23% input capacitance, and 1.6% threshold voltage variations, while the CNT density variation in a typical n-type CNFET with 10 CNTs in the channel creates 23% on-current, 22% off-current, 23% gate capacitance and only 0.011% threshold voltage variations. Based on our analysis, although the threshold voltage variation in CNFET is very small, the overall variations in CNFETs are worse than the variations in MOSFETs. As a result CNT density variation in CNFETs must be carefully taken into account for current gigascale and future terascale integrated systems.
Are Happier People More Willing to Make Income Sacrifices to Protect the Environment

There is considerable amount of debate about the effect of affluence on environmental concern. The empirical literature is inconclusive on this debate. Increasingly, more studies are examining individual level correlates of environmental concern. On the other hand, a large number of studies examine the correlates of happiness. An important aspect of the economics of happiness literature emphasizes the relationship between environmental quality or concern and happiness. A few scholars suggest that happiness may influence environmental concern. Yet studies on whether happiness affects environmental concern are lacking. This paper empirically investigates the effect of happiness on environmental concern in a cross-national sample. Using data for 18 countries, I find that happier people are more willing to make income sacrifices to protect the environment. This finding holds for residents of both African and developed countries.
Abstract 5766: The Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71 is a potent suppressor of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer models

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) characterized by estrogen and progesterone receptor and HER-2-negativity is a particularly aggressive tumor with currently no effective targeted therapies. Our previous findings demonstrated that Hsp90 inhibition by the purine-scaffold inhibitor PU-H71 is a promising therapeutic approach in this tumor type. In TNBC cells, a multitude of malignancy driving proteins, including EGFR, HER3, Akt, PDK1, Bcl-xL and Raf-1, were in a complex with Hsp90 and were preferentially targeted for degradation by PU-H71 (Abstract 5637, AACR-Annual Meeting 2008/2009). In TNBC xenografts, PU-H71 exhibited potent and durable anti-tumor activity inducing complete responses without toxicity to the host. PU-H71 also inhibited the invasiveness of TNBC cells through a mechanism involving downregulation and inhibition of several pro-metastatic proteins such as NF-kB, p-Akt, ERK2, TYK2 and PKC, suggesting a potential effect of PU-H71 on TNBC metastasis. Study design: In order to determine whether in vivo PU-H71 also inhibits TNBC metastasis, we analyzed the effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor on lung colonization and metastastic body formation in immunocompromised mice. A lung tropic MDA-MB231 derivative expressing luciferase was used to establish the experimental models of metastasis. Animals were treated with 75mg/kg PU-H71 three times/week and lung metastases were monitored periodically by bioluminiscence imaging (IVIS system). Results: At completion of treatment both bioluminescent imaging and histological analyses demonstrated significant reduction of the metastastatic burden in mice treated with PU-H71 compared to the vehicle treated group. Importantly, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that circulating hematopoietic precursors related to metastatic spread were reduced after treatment with PU-H71 and several hematopoietic cell types recruited to metastatic sites such as CD11b+/Gr1+ were reduced after the treatment. In addition, analysis of metastatic lungs demonstrated that CD24low/CD44+ cells were attracted to metastatic lung in MDA-MB231 bearing mice and strongly reduced after PU-H71 treatment. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that in addition to inhibition of primary tumors, PU-H71 leads to potent impairment of lung metastasis in an in vivo model of TNBC, supporting the use of PU-H71 for clinical trials involving patients with advanced and metastatic disease. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5766.
Simulation of Single-Electron Tunneling Circuits

We investigate the use of nanoelectronic structures in cellular non-linear network (CNN) architectures, for potential application in future high density and low power CMOS-nanodevice hybrid circuits. We first review the operation of the single-electron tunneling (SET) transistor to be used in analog processing arrays for image processing applications. We then discuss simple CNN linear architectures using a SET inverter topology as the basis for the non-linear transfer characteristics for individual cells. The basic SET-CNN cell acts as a summing node that is capacitively coupled to the inputs and outputs of nearest neighbor cells. Monte Carlo simulation results are then used to show CNN-like behavior in attempting to realize different functionality such as shadowing. Finally, we discuss the speed and signal delay in SET networks, and estimate the power consumption of the SET-CNN and compare it to a state-of-the-art CMOS processor.
Effect of age on circulating immunoreactive and bioactive parathyroid hormone levels in women

Although levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) increase with age in women, this could be caused by retention of non-biologically active PTH fragments by the aging kidney. In 102 normal women, aged 30 to 89 yr, serum iPTH increased with age by 58% (r = 0.33, p less than 0.001) with antiserum GP-1M (which has midmolecule specificity) and 43% (r = 0.32, p less than 0.001) with antiserum CH-12M (which may have whole molecule specificity); urinary cAMP/GFR excretion increased by 29% (r = 0.22, p less than 0.05). The results of these assays were validated by comparison with serum levels of biologically active PTH (BioPTH) in immunoextracts of serum followed by renal adenylate cyclase assay in a selected subgroup of 25 of the women. Serum BioPTH correlated with serum iPTH assessed by antiserum GP-1M (r = 0.48, p less than 0.05) and antiserum CH-12M (r = 0.48, p less than 0.05) but not with urinary cAMP. The data are consistent with an increase of parathyroid function with aging: clearly, we do not find decreased parathyroid function as would be expected if age-related bone loss was not mediated, in part, by PTH.
Kerr effects in thin EuO films on mirror substrates

The Kerr magnetooptic effects in thin films of EuO were enhanced by closely matching the antireflection condition. This condition was met by controlling the thickness of semitransparent EuO films deposited on a mirror substrate. In the visible spectrum the longitudinal Kerr rotation 2φ is increased to about 8 degrees as compared with 2 degrees in single-crystal EuO. The transverse Kerr effect 2δ is also increased to about 0.8, the largest value yet reported. Corresponding to these maxima there is a minimum in reflectance that approaches the true antireflection condition. Details of the experiment and the semiautomated transverse Kerr effect plotter are presented with comparison of data from other magnetic films and enhancement techniques.
Germanium P-N-P-N switches

Transistors having bases from 90 to 220 mils wide, with the base contact placed near the collector, have shown marked current gain increases with current, peaking at values from 0.1 to 0.3. This effect is due to drift of the injected carriers in the base electric field set up by the emitter current. If the base contact is placed near the emitter, only very small values of α are obtained. Germanium p-n-p-n diode and triode switches were made to operate primarily on the base field mechanism. They had one very wide (p-type) and one very narrow (n-type) base. The base contact for the switching triode may be placed either on the wide base but near the narrow base, or on the narrow base. In the latter case, much less current is required to switch the device from the high resistance to the high conductance region. When used as n transistor, the dc grounded base current gain of the p-n-p-n triode passes through unity at the turn-off current. A p-n-p-p+ structure, as a component part of the p-n-p-n triode with base contact on the wide base region, is shown to act as a switching diode in much the same way as the germanium p-n-pm unit. When the base contact is made to a narrow base bar-type transistor structure, overlap onto emitter and collector regions often results in a current gain that increases with current. This effect may also be utilized in making p-n-p-n switches.
Defective Proboscis Extension Response (DPR), a Member of the Ig Superfamily Required for the Gustatory Response to Salt

Gustatory stimuli, such as sugar, induce a behavioral response in Drosophila that involves extension of the proboscis and consumption of the sugar-containing solution. Addition of salt to the sugar solution inhibits this behavioral response. However, the mechanisms and gene products involved in the salt aversion response have not been described. Here, we report the identification of a locus, defective proboscis extension response ( dpr ), that is required for salt aversion. dpr was expressed in a subset of primary neurons in the gustatory organs and encoded a protein with two Ig-like domains, a single putative transmembrane domain, and a short region C terminal to the transmembrane segment. In addition, DPR defines a large previously unknown group of ≥20 highly related Ig-containing proteins.
Self and mutual admittances of rectangular-slot antennas in the presence of an inhomogeneous plasma layer

The self and mutual admittances for a pair of identical rectangular-slot antennas in an echelon configuration in the presence of an inhomogeneous plasma layer are derived using stationary expressions. Computations using the dominant TE 01 mode of the waveguide as a trial field are compared with experiments using a wide variety of configurations of space cloth to validate the computational techniques. These self and mutual admittances are then used to calculate the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and isolation for a pair of rectangular slots in the presence of a typical boundary-layer plasma on a sharp, slender conical body. The number of steps needed to adequately approximate the profile is determined together with the range of validity of various thin and thick sheath approximations.
Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare in a Tribal Population

Blood revenge is one of the most commonly cited causes of violence and warfare in tribal societies, yet it is largely ignored in recent anthropological theories of primitive warfare. A theory of tribal violence is presented showing how homicide, revenge, kinship obligations, and warfare are linked and why reproductive variables must be included in explanations of tribal violence and warfare. Studies of the Yanomamo Indians of Amazonas during the past 23 years show that 44 percent of males estimated to be 25 or older have participated in the killing of someone, that approximately 30 percent of adult male dealths are due to violence, and that nearly 70 percent of all adults over an estimated 40 years of age have lost a close genetic relative due to violence. Demographic data indicate that men who have killed have more wives and offspring than men who have not killed.
Some stability properties of two-dimensional linear shift-invariant digital filters

This paper presents a detailed discussion of stability of twodimensional linear digital filters, and the subtle differences between the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases. In particular, it is shown that the fact that the impulse response trails off to zero, or more stringently is square summable does not guarantee BIBO (bounded-input-bounded-output) stability. Necessary conditions for the impulse response to be bounded and sufficient conditions for it to be square summable and to approach zero geometrically along any fixed column (or row) are stated.
UNITARIZATION OF THE DUAL-RESONANCE AMPLITUDE. II. THE NONPLANAR N-LOOP AMPLITUDE.

Following our previous paper on the planar $N$-loop Veneziano amplitude, we derive the non-planar $N$-loop formula in this paper. The calculation is performed by tracing over both the multiply factorized tree and the Sciuto three-Reggeon vertex functions.
Enhanced Coulombic efficiency and power density of air-cathode microbial fuel cells with an improved cell configuration

Abstract Single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that lack a proton exchange membrane (PEM) hold a great promise for many practical applications due to their low operational cost, simple configuration and relative high power density. One of the great challenges for PEM-less MFC is that the Coulombic efficiency is much lower than those containing PEM. In this study, single-chamber PEM-less MFCs were adapted by applying a J-Cloth layer on the water-facing side of air cathode. Due to the significant reduction of oxygen diffusion by the J-Cloth, the MFCs with two-layers of J-Cloth demonstrated an over 100% increase in Coulombic efficiency in comparison with those without J-Cloth (71% versus 35%) at the same current density of 0.6 mA cm−2. A new cell configuration, cloth electrode assembly (CEA), therefore, was designed by sandwiching the cloth between the anode and the cathode. Such an MFC configuration greatly reduced the internal resistance, resulting in a power density of 627 W m−3 when operated in fed-batch mode and 1010 W m−3 in continuous-flow mode, which is the highest reported power density for MFCs and more than 15 times higher than those reported for air-cathode MFCs using similar electrode materials. This study indicates that the Coulombic efficiency and power density of air-cathode MFCs can be improved significantly using an inexpensive cloth layer, which greatly increases the feasibility for the practical applications of MFCs.
Organisational influences on attitudes in mandatory system use environments: a longitudinal study

Usage of information systems has moved increasingly from being an optional means of enhancing productivity to a required part of organisational jobs. However, prior research on technology acceptance has largely focused on volitional systems and on individual rather than organisational factors that could influence technology acceptance and use. As a result, little is known about how management may be able to influence user attitudes toward use of mandatory systems. In this paper, we examine the impact of organisational level influences on individual user attitudes toward system use over time. Our study is set in the context of a major mandatory system implementation at a multi-bank holding company. Our results suggest that subjective norms, top management commitment, and perceived organisational benefits are important to users at different times in the implementation process. Our results also highlight that direct system experience plays a significant role in determining which factors are important and when.
Asymmetry and heterogeneity of Alzheimer's and frontotemporal pathology in primary progressive aphasia

Fifty-eight autopsies of patients with primary progressive aphasia are reported. Twenty-three of these were previously described (Mesulam et al., 2008) but had their neuropathological diagnoses updated to fit current criteria. Thirty-five of the cases are new. Their clinical classification was guided as closely as possible by the 2011 consensus guidelines (Gorno-Tempini et al., 2011). Tissue diagnoses included Alzheimer's disease in 45% and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in the others, with an approximately equal split between TAR DNA binding protein 43 proteinopathies and tauopathies. The most common and distinctive feature for all pathologies associated with primary progressive aphasia was the asymmetric prominence of atrophy, neuronal loss, and disease-specific proteinopathy in the language-dominant (mostly left) hemisphere. The Alzheimer's disease pathology in primary progressive aphasia displayed multiple atypical features. Males tended to predominate, the neurofibrillary pathology was more intense in the language-dominant hemisphere, the Braak pattern of hippocampo-entorhinal prominence was tilted in favour of the neocortex, and the APOE e4 allele was not a risk factor. Mean onset age was under 65 in the FTLD as well as Alzheimer's disease groups. The FTLD-TAR DNA binding protein 43 group had the youngest onset and fastest progression whereas the Alzheimer's disease and FTLD-tau groups did not differ from each other in either onset age or progression rate. Each cellular pathology type had a preferred but not invariant clinical presentation. The most common aphasic manifestation was of the logopenic type for Alzheimer pathology and of the agrammatic type for FTLD-tau. The progressive supranuclear palsy subtype of FTLD-tau consistently caused prominent speech abnormality together with agrammatism whereas FTLD-TAR DNA binding protein 43 of type C consistently led to semantic primary progressive aphasia. The presence of agrammatism made Alzheimer's disease pathology very unlikely whereas the presence of a logopenic aphasia or word comprehension impairment made FTLD-tau unlikely. The association of logopenic primary progressive aphasia with Alzheimer's disease pathology was much more modest than has been implied by results of in vivo amyloid imaging studies. Individual features of the aphasia, such as agrammatism and comprehension impairment, were as informative of underlying pathology as more laborious subtype diagnoses. At the single patient level, no clinical pattern was pathognomonic of a specific neuropathology type, highlighting the critical role of biomarkers for diagnosing the underlying disease. During clinical subtyping, some patients were unclassifiable by the 2011 guidelines whereas others simultaneously fit two subtypes. Revisions of criteria for logopenic primary progressive aphasia are proposed to address these challenges.
A low-power correlation-derivative CMOS VLSI circuit for bearing estimation

We present a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) for bearing estimation in the low-audio range that performs a correlation derivative approach in a 0.35-/spl mu/m technology. The IC calculates the bearing angle of a sound source with a mean variance of one degree in a 360/spl deg/ range using four microphones: one pair is used to produce the indication and the other to define the quadrant. An adaptive algorithm decides which pair to use depending on the direction of the incoming signal, in such a way to obtain the best estimate. The IC contains two blocks with 104 stages each. Every stage has a delay unit, a block to reduce the clock speed, and a 10-bit UP/DN counter. The IC measures 2 mm by 2.4 mm, and dissipates 600 /spl mu/W at 3.3 V and 200 kHz. It is purely digital and uses a one-bit quantization of the input signals.
The effect of hypoxia on the platelet count.

The occurrence of low arterial oxygen tensions in postoperative patients is well established. The effect of hypoxia on platelets was therefore studied in 36 rabbits. Two groups were exposed to low oxygen mixtures and a third group was exposed to air in an environmental chamber. In all groups the period of exposure was 24 hours. The hypoxic rabbits showed increased platelet counts from the first to nineteenth days after exposure. The difference in counts between both hypoxic groups and the control rabbits was statistically highly significant after exposure. An increase in platelets may well be an important factor in the aetiology of venous thrombosis. It is consequently suggested that a prophylactic regime against thrombo-embolism should include vigorous efforts to prevent hypoxia in the postoperative period.
Social framework testimony in employment discrimination cases

The use of social framework testimony by social psychologists in employment discrimination cases is expanding. After reviewing the legal background of this type of testimony, we describe its content and discuss an important Title VII case of sex discrimination where the testimony played a critical role. We also distinguish social framework testimony from other types of expert testimony by psychologists.
“At Wits’ End!”: Perspectives of Hispanic Caregivers of a Family Member with Schizophrenia

The purpose of this qualitative exploratory study was to explore the perspectives of Hispanic caregivers as they provide the day-to-day care for their family member with schizophrenia. Interviews were conducted by a promotora (a Spanish speaking trained community health worker) with ten Hispanic caregivers at a large community center in a southwest border city over a six month period. Sixty interviews were audio recorded, translated into English, transcribed, and then interpreted using content analysis. One main overarching perspective emerged: “at wits’ end.” The following four supportive themes emerged: feeling marginalized, seeking answers, relying on God, and lacking support.
Is the standard weight-based dosing of dobutamine for stress testing appropriate for patients of widely varying body mass index?

Background: Although a gradual increase in heart rate (HR) during dobutamine stress testing (DST) is desired, few data exists regarding whether this is similarly achieved in patients of widely varying body mass index (BMI). Whether difference in BMI contributes to variation in the hemodynamic and symptomatic response to dobutamine is also unknown. Methods: From prospectively acquired data of 2776 consecutive patients who underwent DST according to standard weight-based clinical protocol, we classified patients into 4 groups of BMI (kg/m 2): <25 (normal), 25 to 29.9 (overweight), 30 to 39.9 (obese), and ≥40 (severely obese) and compared the rate of increase of HR, mean blood pressure, and development of symptoms for the groups. Results: Age was 68 + 12 years, 52% were men, BMI was 29.8 + 6.6 kg/m2 (range 14.5-81.4), 198 (7%) had BMI ≥40, and target HR was achieved in 2433 (88%). The rate of increase in HR was similar for each group of BMI after adjustment for age, gender, baseline HR, negative chronotropic...
Coronary Revascularization for Myocardial Ischemia

An 80-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents to her primary care physician for a routine examination and is noted to have a right-sided carotid bruit. Her physician orders a carotid ultrasound that demonstrates an 80% stenosis. She has no symptoms of amaurosis fugax, focal limb weakness, sensory changes, or slurred speech. She is referred for carotid endarterectomy and the surgeon requests a preoperative risk stratification by a cardiologist. On presentation to the cardiologist, she reports no history of chest discomfort with exertion or at rest. She does note some shortness of breath that seems to be limiting her physical activity during the past 6 months. There are no changes on her resting electrocardiogram suggestive of ischemia or infarct. Given symptoms of arthritis that also limit her physical activity, she undergoes a pharmacological nuclear stress test that shows electrocardiographic ST-segment depression of 1.5 mm and a moderate area of ischemia in the inferior wall. Her only medications are hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin, and aspirin and metoprolol are added to her medication regimen. Her primary care physician refers her for cardiac catheterization. The approach to this patient raises several important issues given her risk factors, paucity of symptoms, and evidence of what seems to be stable ischemic heart disease with objective evidence of myocardial ischemia. The question of how to approach a patient like this is a highly relevant and important one, as it is unclear whether optimizing medical therapy alone or proceeding to a more definitive diagnostic test and therapy by adding cardiac catheterization and revascularization would lead to a better outcome. It is also important to distinguish our patient from others with CAD for whom …
Analytical Applications of the J-Integral

It has recently been shown by experiment that a quantity known as the J-Integral may be a useful fracture criterion in the inelastic range. The mathematical definition of the J-Integral is first used here, in combination with some simplifying assumptions, to derive the known relationship between the conventional elastic stress concentration factor of a sharp notch and the elastic stress intensity factor for a crack of the same shape. The same assumptions, together with a generalization of Neuber's equation for the inelastic stress and strain concentration factors for a sharp notch, are then used to derive a relationship between the J-Integral and the parameter K I c d of the Equivalent Energy Method. The purpose of this derivation is to identify a set of assumptions which, in combination, lead to an explicit relationship between the two parameters. A graphical procedure for estimating upper and lower bounds on the full restraint value of the fracture toughness is also discussed.
Enhancing Student Achievement through Computer-Generated Homework

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactive computer-generated homework on student achievement. Of two sections of Physical Science I, one received homework via the computer; the other received printed, equivalent homework assignments. The results of this study indicate that the use of drill-and-practice computer homework minimizes differences among students with a corresponding decrease in the correlation between posttest scores and entry-level combined ACT science and mathematics scores. The results also support the basic assumption of mastery learning that appropriate instruction will decrease the relationship between aptitude and achievement.
Parametric generation and characterization of femtosecond mid-infrared pulses in ZnGeP_2

Ultrafast mid-infrared (IR) coherent radiation plays an important role in strong-field physics, wherein the use of longer wavelengths has reduced the optical intensities needed to drive light-matter interactions by orders of magnitude in comparison to near-IR radiation. Optimizing parametric interactions for generation and characterization of mid-IR pulses is an enabling step for those applications. We report on the production of >50 µJ femtosecond pulses centered at 5 µm in a two-stage optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on ZnGeP2, a high-performance optical material in this spectral region. The OPA is pumped by an ultrafast 2-µm source. Amplified pulses have been characterized by parametric upconversion, enabling the use of standard silicon detectors. A numerical model of the system has been developed and tested to control dispersion, group-velocity mismatch, and off-axis parametric fluorescence. The source architecture is suitable for production of mJ-level mid-IR ultrafast pulses without the use of chirped-pulse amplification, where convenient pumping could be realized directly by mid-IR laser sources based on materials such as Cr:ZnSe or Cr:ZnS.
In vivo inhibition of cholesterol uptake in rabbit aortas by 7-ketocholesterol.

SummaryThe iv injection of 7-ketocholesterol into rabbits, made soluble by combining with bile salts, inhibited cholesterol uptake by the aorta. However, the inhibition was not as marked or as uniform as previously demonstrated in in vitro experiments. This difference may have been the result of lower plasma concentrations of 7-ketocholesterol in the injected animals. Gastric feeding of 7-ketocholesterol failed to inhibit aortic cholesterol uptake, probably because of inadequate plasma concentrations of the inhibitory steroid. The results suggest that the mechanism of 7-ketocholesterol on aortic cholesterol uptake is through competitive inhibition.The authors wish to express their thanks to Mrs. Arpine Grenier and Mrs. Elana Colby for their technical assistance, and to Miss Barbara Biedebach and Mrs. Cindy Curry for their help in the preparation of this manuscript. We also appreciate the advice of Dr. George Popjak.
The Small City Industrialist, 1900–1950: A Case Study of Norristown, Pennsylvania *

Historians of the entrepreneur and of the firm encounter great difficulty in finding comparative data against which to measure their subject. Empirical studies such as this one, dealing in broad yet specific terms with the ebb and flow of enterprise in a community, provide a workable guide to what constitutes typical patterns of business development.
Recovery, Identification, and Neurotoxicity of Sabin's Type A and C Mouse Mycoplasma (PPLO) from Lyophilized Cultures.

SummaryMycoplasma possessing characteristics similar to those isolated from mice and described by Sabin have been recovered from lyophilized cultures after 20 years. The type A strain is immunologically related to the L- prototype of Mycoplasma neurolyti-cum and produces, in vitro, a substance capable of inducing rolling disease in mice. The type C strain is serologically unrelated to the type A and L3 strains and appears to have lost its pathogenicity for mice.We wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of C. Winslow Renshawe.
Determination of ammonium and ethanolamine in hair dye by ion chromatography

Objective:To establish a sensitive method for the determination of ammonium and ethanolamine in hair dye by ion chromatography with non-suppressed conductivity detection.Methods:Dye sample was ultrasounically extracted with acetonitrile.After centrifugation,the supernatant was cleaned up with SPE column and C18 column and filtrated with,0.22 μm nylon membrane before analysis.The separation was performed on an IonPac SCS 1 analytical column(250 mm×4.0 mm i.d.) and an IonPac SCG 1 guard column(50 mm×4.0 mm i.d.) by using methanesulfonic acid(MSA) as eluent with 10% acetonitrile as organic modifier.Results:The linear range of the method was 0~200 μg/ml for ammonium and ethanolamine,both with correlation coefficients of more than 0.999,the limits of detection were 1.9 μg/L for ammonium and 2.4 μg/L for ethanolamine,respectively.The recoveries were 97.8%~101.6% for ammonium and 95.6%~99.0% for ethanolamine,both RSD less than 5.0%.Conclusion:The developed method is satisfactory for the determination of ammonium and ethanolamine in hair dye.
Argonaute 2 Suppresses Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti

There are three main innate immune mechanisms against viruses in mosquitoes. Infection with the flavivirus dengue virus is controlled by RNA interference (RNAi) and the JAK-STAT and Toll signaling pathways. This study showed that another flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), did not invade the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti and that this may be a result of the innate immune resistance to the virus. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) plays a critical role in the RNAi pathway. To understand the mechanism of JEV resistance, we focused on Ago2 as a possible target of JEV. Here, we show that the expression of MyD88 (a mediator of Toll signaling) and Ago2 mRNAs was induced by JEV in the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and that Ago2, JAK, and domeless (DOME) mRNAs were induced by JEV in the bodies of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Double-stranded (ds) Ago2 RNA enhanced JEV infection, and the virus was detected in salivary glands by immunofluorescence assay. In contrast, MyD88 dsRNA had no effect on JEV infection. These data suggest that Ago2 plays a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response of Ae. aegypti to JEV in a manner similar to that employed by dengue virus.
The Design and Realization of the Management Systems of the Oil and Gas Gathering and Transferring Process Standardization on the Basis of GIS

In this paper the author introduces the basic conception of the design and realization of the management systems of the oil and gas gathering and transferring process standardization on the basis of GIS (Geographic Information System).It suggests the relevant classes of graphics and images,layer standards and encoding specifications.It,at last,describes the second development of the geographic information system and the management technology of database on the basis of GIS component technology.
PKC-mediated redistribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase during smooth muscle cell activation

Protein kinase C (PKC) translocates from the cytosol to the surface membrane at the time it mediates agonist-induced contraction of ferret vascular smooth muscle cells (R. A. Khalil and K. G. Morga...