cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of Mini-Roundabout Capacity in the United States

AbstractThe design of mini-roundabouts has been around and practiced in Europe for decades. It has been a successful and low-cost intersection configuration using existing external boundaries of intersections. Nevertheless, accessible traffic capacity models for mini-roundabouts do not exist. This study provides design recommendations and a simulation approach for capacity models of mini-roundabouts from U.S. data. Two geometries are selected that have a 7 or 10 m (24- or 36-ft) approach width typical of conventional intersections. The mini-roundabouts are best defined by the inscribed circle diameter of 15 and 23 m (50 and 75 ft). Field data are collected on drivers’ behavior and decisions for a mini-roundabout design in order to calibrate simulation models. A microscopic traffic simulation software is used to model the selected prototype designs for capacity estimations. The defining feature for mini-roundabouts is the traversable central and splitter islands for large vehicles that make through or left...
Heat transfer during flow and resin reaction through fiber reinforcement

Abstract An experimental analysis of heat transfer and resin reaction in flow through fiber reinforcement is presented. The results from non-isothermal mold filling experiments with and without resin reaction are compared with those from numerical simulation based on a mixed Eulerian–Langrangian approach. Heat transfer between the fluid and the fiber reinforcement is investigated using both one-temperature and two-temperature models with the thermal dispersion effect included. The prediction of the two-temperature model is shown to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Hydrology: Soil-water bypass

Hydrologists have thought of soil as a kind of giant sponge that soaks up precipitation and slowly releases it to streams. But according to new evidence the soil water used by vegetation may be largely decoupled from the water that flows through soils to streams.
Lidar model for a rough-surface target: method of partial coherence

Renewed interest in the propagation characteristics of a partially coherent beam has led to several recent studies that have extended theoretical developments started in the 1970s and 1980s. In this paper we use a model developed by the authors for single-pass propagation of a partially coherent beam and extend it to the case of a Gaussian-beam wave reflected from a finite rough-surface reflecting target. This model can be modeled as a random phase screen (or diffuser) in front of a smooth finite reflector. The target acts like a deep random phase screen for the case of a fully diffuse surface and becomes a continually weakening phase screen as the target surface become smoother. We present mathematical models for the mutual coherence function (MCF) and the scintillation index of the reflected Gaussian beam wave in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. This analysis includes partial and fully developed speckle from the target. From the normalized MCF, estimates are given for the speckle size in the pupil plane and image plane as a function of transmitted beam wave characteristics, size and roughness of the target, and size of the receiver-collecting lens. Expressions for the scintillation index are valid under weak-to-strong fluctuation conditions and are shown to agree with well-known results in limiting cases of a fully diffuse target and a smooth reflector.
Thiophene Dendrimers as Entangled Photon Sensor Materials

The ability to do spectroscopy with a small number of entangled photons is an important development in the area of materials and sensing. This report investigates the effects of increasing thiophene dendrimer generation on the cross-section for both entangled (σE) and random (δE) two-photon absorption cross-sections. Nonlinear optical properties of dendrimers are an interesting area of study because of potential applications in optical signal processing and remote sensing, and the use of a nonlinear optical material as a sensor for entangled photons offers great possibilities for applications in quantum lithography. Entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) experiments and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) experiments vary by at least 10 orders of magnitude in the photon flux used to probe the material. ETPA cross-sections from liquid samples as well as those of thin-film samples are investigated. An increase in σE and δR with increasing dendrimer generation is observed, suggesting that the thiophene gr...
Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk of Eating Disorder Behaviors in Military Academy Cadets

Eating disorders are a particular problem for college students, as well as college athletes and military personnel. We examined the incidence, prevalence, and risk of eating disorders at the United States Military Academy (USMA) over a 7-year period (total population 12,731 cadets). The incidence per year for females was 0.02% for anorexia, 0.17% for bulimia, and 0.17% for eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and for males was 0.0% for anorexia, 0.003% for bulimia, and 0.02% for eating disorders not otherwise specified. The total prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders for females was 5% and for males was 0.1%. For females over the 7-year period, we found a prevalence of 0.2% for anorexia, 1.2% for bulimia, 1.2% for eating disorders not otherwise specified, and for males we found a prevalence of 0.0% for anorexia, 0.02% for bulimia, and 0.03% for eating disorders not otherwise specified. Nineteen percent of females and 2% of males scored a 20 or higher on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-26 survey indicating they were at risk for developing an eating disorder. We conclude that the prevalence of eating disorders at USMA is comparable to civilian colleges.
Cost prediction models for the comparison of two groups

For trial-based economic evaluation where patient-specific cost data are not routinely available, cost prediction models are commonly used to estimate total cost for each patient. Typically, multiple regression techniques are used on data from diagnosis-matched, non-trial patients (where patient-level cost data are available) to model cost as a function of covariates that are observed on the trial subjects (e.g. length of hospital stay, procedures, etc.). The estimated beta coefficients provide a means of estimating the total cost for each patient in the trial. However, the variability of the beta coefficients due the measurement and sampling error is seldom included in the overall variance expression for mean costs by treatment group. In this paper we provide a method for estimating this variance and provide an example application
Impact of contact precautions on falls, pressure ulcers and transmission of MRSA and VRE in hospitalized patients

Summary Background Hospitals use contact precautions to prevent the spread of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). There is concern that contact precautions may have adverse effects on the safety of isolated patients. In November 2010, the infection control policy at an academic medical centre was modified, and contact precautions were discontinued for patients colonized or infected with MRSA or VRE (MRSA/VRE patients). Aim To assess the rates of falls and pressure ulcers among MRSA/VRE patients and other adult medical-surgical patients, as well as changes in MRSA and VRE transmission before and after the policy change. Methods A single-centre retrospective hospital-wide cohort study was performed from 1 st November 2009 to 31 st October 2011. Findings Rates of falls and pressure ulcers were significantly higher among MRSA/VRE patients compared with other adult medical-surgical patients before the policy change (falls: 4.57 vs 2.04 per 1000 patient-days, P P P P Conclusion MRSA/VRE patients had higher rates of falls and pressure ulcers compared with other adult medical-surgical patients. Rates were not affected by removal of contact precautions, suggesting that other factors contribute to these complications. Further research is required among this population to prevent complications.
Antitrust and technological innovation in the US: ideas, institutions, decisions, and impacts, 1890–2000

Abstract The history of antitrust policy in the US as it relates to technological innovation exhibits major swings every few decades between favoring concentration and favoring deconcentration. This paper sketches for each period the contending ideas that frame antitrust-technology policy debates, the salience of these ideas in the larger antitrust policy process, the institutions for agenda-setting and decision-making in this area, the policy decisions themselves, and (more speculatively) the impacts of these decisions on technological innovation and industrial development. The paper concludes with a preliminary attempt to identify the cyclical, secular, and static processes that have shaped the history of this policy area and to use this analysis to inform future policy-makers.
The AIDS Epidemic: Challenges for Feminist Economics

Abstract Feminist economics can provide critical insights into understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic – the disease's progression, its microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts, and the effectiveness of policy interventions. Yet, relatively little work has been or is being done by feminist economists on HIV/AIDS. In this paper, the editors briefly survey the recent social science literature on the gendered nature of the epidemic and identify key constructs of feminist economic theory that might be productively applied to understanding HIV/AIDS. For example, an analysis of safe sex within a game-theoretic bargaining framework would highlight the limitations of prevention efforts that focus on changing individual behavior and underscore the impact of gendered institutions on women's likelihood of infection and access to treatment. A gendered analysis of the microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS would contribute to a fuller understanding of the disease's impact on economic well-being. This paper cha...
Laser surface heat treatment of AISI 4340 steel: A microstructural study

Abstract The effect of laser surface heat treatment on the microstructure of AISI 4340 steel was investigated and compared with conventional furnace heat treatments. The microstructural variables, i.e. prior austenite grain size, substructure of martensite, amount of retained austenite and its distribution and carbide precipitations, were carefully studied using transmission electron microscopy. The two significant observations were the presence of fine cementite particles of 200 A size and large amounts of thin films of retained austenite in the as-quenched structures. The microstructure exhibited was fully martensitic, the substructure of which contained extensive twins. The average prior austenite grain size was measured to be 35 μm. A comparison with conventional furnace heat treatment (870°C treatment) showed that there was an enhancement in the amount of retained austenite and precipitation of fine cementite in the laser-heat-treated specimens. However, the prior austenite grain size and martensitic substructure remained essentially the same as those of conventional heat treatment.
The alternative to laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: small strategic laparoscopic incision placement (SLIP) nephrectomy improves cosmesis without technical restrictions.

Abstract Background: The latest attempt to improve the cosmesis of laparoscopic surgery is laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). We present our initial experience with an alternative procedure with similar cosmetic benefit but without technical limitations. Methods: Small strategic laparoscopic incision placement (SLIP) nephrectomy is performed transperitoneally, generally using three 5-mm ports (one in the umbilicus) and one 12-mm port placed below the pubic hairline, such that only two 5-mm scars are visible without close inspection. We assessed our first 21 procedures, which included all but five of the standard transperitoneal nephrectomies by a single surgeon from June 2008 through July 2009. These were matched 1:2 (exactly by gender and American Society of Anesthesiology score, and then closest in age and body mass index) from 96 patients undergoing similar standard transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures from 2005 through 2008. Results: The SLIP and control groups were well matched, with mea...
Similarities and differences in dream content at the cross-cultural, gender, and individual levels.

Abstract The similarities and differences in dream content at the cross-cultural, gender, and individual levels provide one starting point for carrying out studies that attempt to discover correspondences between dream content and various types of waking cognition. Hobson and Kahn’s (Hobson, J. A., & Kahn, D. (2007). Dream content: Individual and generic aspects. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 850–858.) conclusion that dream content may be more generic than most researchers realize, and that individual differences are less salient than usually thought, provides the occasion for a review of findings based on the Hall and Van de Castle (Hall, C., & Van de Castle, R. (1966). The content analysis of dreams. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.) coding system for the study of dream content. Then new findings based on a computationally intensive randomization strategy are presented to show the minimum sample sizes needed to detect gender and individual differences in dream content. Generally speaking, sample sizes of 100–125 dream reports are needed because most dream elements appear in less than 50% of dream reports and the magnitude of the differences usually is not large.
Combining Tropical Cyclone Data Sets Worldwide: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) Workshop; Asheville, North Carolina, 5–7 May 2009

At the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) workshop in North Carolina, experts from the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) officially recognized tropical cyclone tracking and forecasting agencies met to discuss ways to accurately combine the disparate tropical cyclone (TC) best track data to better understand their global climatology. Representatives from each participating agency provided an overview of their agency's operating procedures and how those procedures have changed over time. Breakout sessions addressed many issues, including wind-pressure relationships and their use, converting between wind speed averaging periods, and other differences between best track data sets.
Statistical evaluation of the performance of a new programmed-scan monochromator for multielement determinations by atomic emission.

Abstract The reproducibility of a programmed-scan monochromator with stationary dispersion optics was evaluated by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The spectrometer used an optical multiplexer coupled with glass-fiber optic light-guides to a multiple entrance-slit spectrometer employing a photomultiplier as the detector. With this spectrometer, 15 emission intensity measurements at the lithium resonance line wavelength (670.7 nm) were collected for five rotations of the optiplexer mirror under four different emission situations: flame background emission at 670.7 nm, lithium emission from an acetylene—air flame in the absence of an ionization buffer, lithium emission from an acetylene—air flame in the presence of an ionization buffer, and tungsten lamp emission at 670.7 nm. For all four situations, the ANOVA results showed that instrumental changes which occurred during mirror rotation in the optiplexer were a significant source of signal variation compared with factors not associated with mirror rotation, i.e., photon shot noise, source fluctuation noise, and electronic drift. The actual magnitude of the signal variability introduced during mirror rotation, however, was found to be quite small, producing an average relative standard deviation of only 0.76% for the signal.
Ionization of atoms by positive ion bombardment near threshold energy

Abstract An expression for the cross section for ionization of atoms by ion bombardment near threshold energy is obtained in terms of the photoionization cross section of the target atom and the elastic scattering cross section of the ion-atom collision partners.
Continuous occlusion test to determine detrusor contractile performance.

AbstractPurpose: A study was conducted to determine the merits of the continuous occlusion test as a method of detrusor contractility assessment by comparing it with other stop tests and with contractility derived from pressure-flow analysis.Materials and Methods: The continuous occlusion test was performed in elderly men by occluding the bladder outlet before the onset of a detrusor contraction and it was repeated to assess reproducibility. The magnitude of the isovolumetric contraction, maximum slope of the detrusor contraction, and duration of detrusor activation were determined. Voluntary and mechanical stop tests were performed during the mid voiding phase. Continuous occlusion test parameters were compared with the pressure-flow contractility parameters.Results: The continuous occlusion test was evaluated in 159 patients. The maximum isovolumetric contraction pressure of the continuous occlusion test was significantly higher than that of the voluntary stop test (49 patients). Continuous occlusion te...
Interpretation of condensation flux rates of supersaturated vapors of metallic species

Abstract It has been suggested that condensation flux rates measured for supersaturated vapors of Cs and Hg may provide indicators of non-metal transitions. An analysis of the available (but fragmentary) data for Cs, Hg, Mg, Fe, Pb and Bi, according to the kinetic-molecular model for the condensation process, indicates that the mechanism that controls cluster generation and growth is the same for vapors of these atomic species as for many previously investigated molecular species. However, the activation energy for evaporation from these small clusters was significantly higher than for the previously analyzed organic species.
XLII. A New Effort to Measure the Velocity of Light

The value of the group velocity of light in terms of a distance pro time is explained and a practicable method for its determination is proposed. Principally the apparatus uses a light pulse which ...
An 89-year-old woman with urinary incontinence.

DR DALEY: Mrs S is an 89-year-old widow and retired accountant who has had urinary incontinence for 14 years. She lives in a suburb of Boston. Mrs S's incontinence occurs once or twice each night, when after being in bed for several hours, she awakens needing to void. As soon as she arises from bed, she wets herself, the 2 pads that she wears constantly, and her clothing. By the time she has reached the toilet, she has also wet the bedclothes, the bedroom floor, and the bathroom floor. She cleans herself, her clothing, and her bedroom and bathroom and returns to bed. She often remains in bed until 10AMbecause of fatigue and lack of sleep. During the day, she notes only occasional "leaking," but never when she coughs or sneezes. When her urinary incontinence began, she was treated for a urinary tract infection. She saw a urologist
Effect of alpha-methyltyrosine on sleep in the rat.

Three successive intraperitoneal injections of 50 mg/kg alphamethyltyrosine at 4-hr. intervals failed to produce significant changes in percentage of time spent sleeping or in percentage of sleep in the paradoxical phase in rats. Similar injections in subsequently sacrificed rats produced a depletion of more than 50% in whole brain norepinephrine without significantly changing brain serotonin levels. The results fail to support the hypothesis of a major mediating role for norepinephrine in the regulation of paradoxical sleep or sleep per se.
Effects of size and sex on the social organization of reef-associated hogfishes, Bodianus spp.

Three species of wrasses (Labridae) were examined in the field to determine the relative importance of size and sex in structuring social organization. The Spanish hogfish, Bodianus rufus, was characterized by stable dominance hierarchies that were linearly organized according to sex and relative size. Males were the largest and most-dominant individuals within discrete social groups of females (harems) whose dominance increased with body size. Dominance rank also increased with body size among both males and females of the Mexican hogfish, B. diplotaenia. Most encounters occurred between the sexes and males were clearly dominant over females. The vieja, B. eclancheri, differed from the other congeners since social interactions were not strongly patterned by either relative body size or sex. Hogfish dominance relationships appear to develop according to the manner in which males compete for females, including the formation of harems in permanent territories with single-male pairspawns (B. rufus), defense of temporary reproductive territories with single-male pairspawns (B. diplotaenia) or maximizing sperm production in multi-male group spawns (B. eclancheri).
Multispectral photometer: new instrument for atmospheric limb tomography

Satellite based scientific studies of the upper atmosphere are most effectively pursued by remote sensing techniques using spectral imaging from orbit. Observing in the orbital plane towards the limb 1D intensity profiles are collected and inverted into luminosity distributions. In most studies only a few key spectral regions are of interest and the maximization of the signal to noise ratio within these regions ins of prime importance. A novel instrument is described in which the spectral separation of the radiation is accomplished by using strip filters instead of a diffraction grating and the vertical intensity profile of the atmosphere is imaged on the strip filter by a special optical system incorporating cylindrical lens elements. The optical system has high resolution imaging in the vertical direction and has a well-defined field of view in the horizontal field of view is rejected. By adjusting the width of the filter strips it is possible to adjust the signal to noise ratio of each wavelength channel. The filters are in a telecentric position for minimizing their spectral pass- band. The spectral resolution is limited only by the filter elements and it is not restricted by spectral slit width considerations. The instrument performance is compared to an equivalent size grating instrument.
Life cycle, sex differentiation, and testis development in Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae, Orthoptera)

The general morphological and histological evidence accumulated by this study suggests the following facts: 1 Under out-of-door conditions, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, embryonic development begins at deposition and continues to the middle or late spring, when hatching occurs. The postembryonic development is completed during the summer. Copulation and oviposition occur in the late summer and early fall. 2 The embryonic development may be divided as follows: a The prerevolution period, in which the rudiments of organs and systems are formed. b The early-revolution period, during which the direction of the embryo in the egg is reversed. c The late-revolation period, or time of yolk circumcrescence and completion of the dorsal wall of the embryo. d The postrevolution period. comprising development from yolk engulfment to hatching. 3 The sexes are differentiated during the early- and late-revolution periods. 4 In the differentiation of the genital rudiments, a) the germ cells are segregated into groups; b) and indifferent mesodermal element grows in among the germ cells of such a group; c) the processes of this cell (the apical cell) form intimate connections with the processes of connective-tissue elements surrounding the germ-cell group; and, d) the covering membrane of the genital rudiment grows in between the various germ-connective-tissue cell groups, completing the rudiment of the follicle. 5 When the adult condition is reached the testis is functionally differentiated.
Analysis of motion and internal loading of objects grasped by multiple cooperating manipulators

The motion and internal loads induced on an object manipulated by two or more robotic mechanisms are con sidered. In particular, for a desired motion trajectory of the object, the question of load distribution among the arms is analyzed, with particular attention given to the internal loading of the object. A new representation of the load distribution problem is given by the introduction of a particular "nonsqueezing" pseudoinverse, which is shown to possess properties that expose the underlying structure of the problem. It is expected that by using this pseudoin verse new insight will be gained and necessary analysis simplified in a number of aspects of multiple manipulator research. A number of these aspects are detailed and illustrated using a two-armed example.
Prostaglandin production by human chorion laeve cells in response to inflammatory mediators

Abstract Cytokines produced during an intrauterine infection may cause increased prostaglandin production and thus preterm labor. Previously, we have shown that cytokines increase prostaglandin production by human amnion and decidual cells. In the present study we examined the effect ofinterleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and endotoxin on prostaglandin production by chorion laeve cells. Upon reaching confluence at day 3 and after 10 days in culture, human chorion laeve cells in primary culture were incubated with each substance. On day 3 of culture the chorion cells demonstrated limited responsiveness to the test agents with a maximum response of less than two times basal production. However, after 10 days the cultures were highly responsive to the test agents with maximum responses of greater than ten times basal production. We conclude that early in culture chorion cells may express fewer functional receptors for the test agents. Alternatively, a subpopulation of chorion cells responsive to cytokines and endotoxin may predominate by day 10 of culture. Chorion laeve, therefore, could contribute to the increased intrauterine prostaglandin production associated with infection-driven preterm labor.
Large eddy simulations using the subgrid scale estimation model and truncated Navier-Stokes dynamics.

We describe a procedure for large eddy simulations of turbulence which uses the subgrid-scale estimation model and truncated Navier-Stokes dynamics to provide a physically realistic model of unresolved, subgrid scales. In the procedure the large eddy simulation equations are advanced in time with the subgrid-scale stress tensor calculated from the parallel solution of the truncated Navier-Stokes equations on a mesh two times finer in each Cartesian direction than the mesh employed for a discretization of the resolved quantities. The truncated NavierStokes equations are solved through a sequence of runs, each initialized using the subgrid-scale estimation model. The modeling procedure is illustrated on the example of forced and decaying isotropic turbulence.
Collision Spectroscopy. I. analysis of the scattering of He+ by Ne and Ar

Supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and by the U.S. Army Research Office
Developmental expression of voltage-gated potassium channel β subunits

Abstract Expression of potassium channel beta subunits (Kvβ) was determined in the developing mouse CNS using an antiserum against an amino acid sequence present in the C-terminus of Kvβ1, Kvβ2, and Kvβ3. Using the anti-Kvβ antiserum, we determined that Kvβ expression is restricted to the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in the embryonic CNS. At birth, Kvβ expression is detected in brainstem and midbrain nuclei, but was not detected in the hippocampus, cerebellum or cerebral cortex. During the first postnatal week, Kvβ expression is present in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal cells and in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Expression of Kvβ subunits reaches adult levels by the third postnatal week in all of the brain regions examined. A rabbit antiserum directed against a unique peptide sequence in the N-terminus of the Kvβ1 protein demonstrates that this subunit displays a novel expression pattern in the developing mouse brain. Kvβ1 expression is high at birth in all brain regions examined and decreases with age. In contrast, Kvβ2 expression is low at birth and increases with age to reach adult levels by the third postnatal week. These findings support the notion that the differential regulation of distinct potassium channel beta subunits, in the developing mouse nervous system, may confer the functional diversity required to mediate both neuronal survival and maturation.
Review essay: The tenacity of enchanted things

The Secret of the Totem: Religion and Society from McLennan to Freud. Robert Alun Jones. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. 347 pp., notes, bibliography, index. Things. Bill Brown, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 471 pp., illustrations, notes, index. Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, eds. Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press and ZKM: Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, 2005. 1,072 pp., illustrations, appendix.
Management of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas: interventional techniques and results

Background Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVF) are rare and poorly understood clinical entities. Materials and methods We report a series of five (three men, two women) consecutive cases treated at our center to analyze their characteristic and treatment strategies in their management. We report a successful technique of percutaneous embolization of fistulas in a patient with failed previous attempts. Results All five patients were symptomatic; three patients presented with a history of back pain, which progressed to myelopathic symptoms, one patient had symptoms of persistent back pain, and one patient had intermittent numbness of the left arm and thigh. Of the three patients who had myelopathic symptoms, two were successfully treated with transarterial embolizations with Onyx copolymer. The third patient who had a prominent epidural venous pouch with numerous arterial feeders was embolized percutaneously with a flat detector CT guided navigation (XperCT) and real time fluoroscopic monitoring of the injected n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue, after previous unsuccessful attempts with surgery and arterial embolizations. All three myelopathic treated patients had complete angiographic remission of the fistulas and symptoms on follow-up (mean 7.2 months). Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment of SEDAVF can be challenging due to their rarity and intricate pathomechanics. Patients with severe pain or progression of symptoms or myelopathic symptoms need to be treated at the earliest opportunity, while asymptomatic patients can be closely monitored. Percutaneous embolization is an effective strategy to embolize SEDAVF associated venous pouch.
Low-Cost Augmented Reality Systems via 3D Point Cloud Sensors

In this paper, we explore the use of widely available and low-priced 3D point cloud sensors, such as the Microsoft XBox Kinect and Asus Xtion PRO LIVE, in the application of computer-generated imagery in live-video streams in Augmented Reality (AR) systems. Specifically, we examine the typical pipeline of AR applications and explore the potential simplifications derived from the use of such devices during the calibration and registration steps, which are the most computationally expensive and time consuming. Moreover, we describe how to approach the problem of face alignment, that is the aligning of a previously captured model of a face to newly captured data, by using 3D point cloud data and open-source libraries.
Elimination of the diagonalization bottleneck in parallel Direct-SCF methods

It is shown that the matrix diagonalization bottleneck associated with thesequential O(N BFN 3 ) diagonalization of the fock matrix within each iteration of the Direct-SCF procedure may be eliminated, and replaced instead with a combination ofparallel O(N BFN <4 ) andsequential O(N Sub 3 ) steps. For large basis sets, the relation NSub NBFN between the dimension of the expansion subspace and the number of basis functions leads to a method of wave-function optimization in which the sequential bottleneck is eliminated. As a side benefit, the second-order iterative procedure on which this method is based displays superior convergence properties, and provides greater insight into the behavior of the energy with respect to orbital variations, than the traditional first-order, fixed-point, iterative approaches. The implementation of this method may be incorporated into essentially any existing Direct-SCF program with only minimal, and localized, changes.
A novel regimen of alternate day clopidogrel would provide a cost-effective strategy to prevent very late stent thrombosis

Abstract Background/objectives ACC/AHA/SCAI recommendations include dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) for 12 months after drug-eluting stent percutaneous coronary intervention (DES PCI). Numerous case reports have emerged of “very late stent thrombosis” (VLST) (>1 year post-DES-PCI) even 1–5 years after DES-PCI manifesting with myocardial infarction and death when clopidogrel therapy was interrupted or stopped. Hypothesis We hypothesize that a novel regimen of alternate day clopidogrel would provide a cost-effective strategy to prevent VLST taking into account the known facts about clopidogrel pharmacodynamics, stent endothelialization and stent thrombosis. We hypothesized that the degree of anti-platelet effect required to prevent VLST decreases with time as the stent endothelializes-that is the “therapeutic threshold” required to prevent VLST decreases with time. The anti-platelet effect of clopidogrel lasts for 5–7 days. Typically, stent thrombosis on interruption of clopidogrel (with bare metal stents within first 30 days) occurs after 3–4 days signifying recovery of enough platelet function to produce stent thrombosis – recovery of platelet inhibition beyond the therapeutic threshold. Since the therapeutic threshold required to prevent VLST in DES after 1 year is much lower, this degree of platelet inhibition can be conceivably achieved with just administering clopidogrel on alternate days. Empirical data We studied efficacy and safety of regimen of daily aspirin 81 mg and alternate-day clopidogrel 75 mg beyond 12 months after PCI with DES for prevention of VLST by following 347 patients for occurrence of death, myocardial infarction (MI), VLST, target vessel revascularization (TVR) and bleeding. There were no occurrence of major bleeding, VLST events or death. Conclusions Long term dual anti-platelet therapy with aspirin 81 mg daily and clopidogrel 75 mg every other day beyond 12 months after PCI with DES may be a safe and efficacious cost-saving strategy to prevent VLST.
Loci of Ceric Cation Mediated Hydrolyses of Dimethyl Phosphate and Methyl Methylphosphonate

Dimethyl phosphate and methyl methylphosphonate are cleaved by Ce(IV)-mediated hydrolysis with 91% and 88% P−O scission, respectively, and rate accelerations of ≥ 1010 relative to pH 7 P−O hydrolysis.
Explanation of the high-temperature relaxation anomaly in a metal-hydrogen system.

The source of high-temperature anomalous spin relaxation in a specific metal-hydrogen system has been investigated. Proton spin-lattice relaxation rates ${\mathit{R}}_{1}$ from 290 to 1025 K were compared for ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{V}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{0.36}$ and its 90% deuterided counterpart, ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{V}}_{0.5}$(${\mathrm{H}}_{0.1}$${\mathrm{D}}_{0.9}$${)}_{0.36}$. A substantial reduction in the anomalous proton relaxation rate ${\mathit{R}}_{1}$ is observed for the deuterided metal. Thus, the proton relaxation rates ${\mathit{R}}_{1}$ are determined by proton-proton (or proton-deuteron) dipolar interactions in the anomalous regime, suggesting that ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ (or HD) molecules are the source of the relaxation. Relaxation studies with overpressures of argon and xenon gas indicate that the anomalous relaxation of protons in the metal occurs via fast exchange with rapidly relaxing gas phase ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecules. A small fraction of protons in the gas phase, consistent with the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ vapor pressure of the metal hydride, is adequate to explain our results. A model, based on experiment, is presented along with measurements of the proton ${\mathit{R}}_{1}$ for pure ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and HD gas and gaseous mixtures of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ with Ar and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ with ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$. The model quantitatively accounts for the isotope and rare-gas effects as well as the temperature dependence. Thus, in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{V}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{0.36}$, the relaxation anomaly is proven not to be an intrinsic effect.
Frequency tunable dualmode microstrip patch antenna with polarization reconfiguration

A dual mode (TM 11 and TM 21 ) circular microstrip patch antenna combined with an annular ring is investigated for frequency tunability and polarization reconfiguration. Using varactor diodes, the resonant frequency of the both modes is tuned from 1.58 GHz down to 1.19 GHz which covers L-band communications with S 11 = -10dB. Each of the modes (patch and ring) employs two feed ports with 90° and 45° angular separation for TM 11 and TM 21 modes generation, respectively. By suitably exciting these ports, four different polarizations: linear vertical, linear horizontal, left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) can be generated simultaneously with the frequency tunability.
Adaptive Amplification and Point Mutation Are Independent Mechanisms: Evidence for Various Stress-Inducible Mutation Mechanisms

“Adaptive mutation” denotes a collection of processes in which cells respond to growth-limiting environments by producing compensatory mutants that grow well, apparently violating fundamental principles of evolution. In a well-studied model, starvation of stationary-phase lac− Escherichia coli cells on lactose medium induces Lac+ revertants at higher frequencies than predicted by usual mutation models. These revertants carry either a compensatory frameshift mutation or a greater than 20-fold amplification of the leaky lac allele. A crucial distinction between alternative hypotheses for the mechanisms of adaptive mutation hinges on whether these amplification and frameshift mutation events are distinct, or whether amplification is a molecular intermediate, producing an intermediate cell type, in colonies on a pathway to frameshift mutation. The latter model allows the evolutionarily conservative idea of increased mutations (per cell) without increased mutation rate (by virtue of extra gene copies per cell), whereas the former requires an increase in mutation rate, potentially accelerating evolution. To resolve these models, we probed early events leading to rare adaptive mutations and report several results that show that amplification is not the precursor to frameshift mutation but rather is an independent adaptive outcome. (i) Using new high-resolution selection methods and stringent analysis of all cells in very young (micro)colonies (500–10,000 cells), we find that most mutant colonies contain no detectable lac-amplified cells, in contrast with previous reports. (ii) Analysis of nascent colonies, as young as the two-cell stage, revealed mutant Lac+ cells with no lac-amplified cells present. (iii) Stringent colony-fate experiments show that microcolonies of lac-amplified cells grow to form visible colonies of lac-amplified, not mutant, cells. (iv) Mutant cells do not overgrow lac-amplified cells in microcolonies fast enough to mask the lac-amplified cells. (v) lac-amplified cells are not SOS-induced, as was proposed to explain elevated mutation in a sequential model. (vi) Amplification, and not frameshift mutation, requires DNA polymerase I, demonstrating that mutation is separable from amplification, and also illuminating the amplification mechanism. We conclude that amplification and mutation are independent outcomes of adaptive genetic change. We suggest that the availability of alternative pathways for genetic/evolutionary adaptation and clonal expansion under stress may be exploited during processes ranging from the evolution of drug resistance to cancer progression.
Evaluations Of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Performance For Astronomical Use

When CCD imaging arrays are used for astronomy the demands placed upon them are generally considerably different than those placed upon them in general TV applications. In both cases the parameters used to characterize a given array are generally the same but the target values for the parameters may vary significantly. The emphasis placed upon certain characteristics may also vary significantly depending on the particular application. Since, for some of the parameters at least, different methodologies provide different values it is important to understand how each value is obtained. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some of the methods used by one group at KPNO for determining the values of the primary parameters.
Digital data acquisition systems for observing behavior in laboratory and field settings

Electronic digital systems for recording behavior and for record keeping in hospital, clinical, laboratory, and field settings are now available from commercial sources. Behavioral events, occurring in real time, are coded by an observer who pushes buttons on an adding machine-type keyboard. Information is stored electronically on a cassette or other type of magnetic tape recorder. Tapes can be played, through appropriate interfaces, into a computer, keypunch, Teletype punch, or digital printer. Code frequencies, sequences, real-time durations, and modified frequency time-sample scores can be extracted from these records by hand or by-computer. This paper describes such systems, detailing methods of coding behavioral events and problems encountered in the use of digital observational systems.
Contour integrals in electron propagator theory

Ground state total energies and one-electron density matrices are expressed in terms of contour integrals over the electron propagator. Electron binding energies and Feynman–Dyson amplitudes for ionization energies are simply related to ground state properties. Practical expressions for integrals over the Coulson contour are derived. An approximate integration scheme is introduced and compared to exact results. Several approximations in the superoperator Hamiltonian matrix which have been used for familiar self-energy expressions are used to calculate size-extensive total energies and one-electron properties. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of soil‐applied granular pesticides and irrigation on the yield of sugar beet in fields infested with Trichodorus viruliferus

SUMMARY In field samples taken on a grid pattern during four winters over an 80 ha farm there were many Trichodorus viruliferus (up to 3000/litre soil) in light soils but few in heavier soils. Depth samples taken during the summer showed Trichodorus to be the only nematode genus which was more numerous below plough depth than in the plough layer. In field experiments in the most heavily infested part of the farm, soil-applied granular pesticides did not increase sugar yields following the dry spring of 1982; aldicarb increased sugar yields in one experiment following the wet spring of 1983 although it, and other granular pesticides, did not affect yield in an adjacent experiment where T. viruliferus were fewer. Irrigation during the dry summer of 1983 maintained relatively large populations of T. viruliferus, whereas in unirrigated plots without aldicarb populations declined by over 50%. Economic thresholds for T. viruliferus in 1983 at Broom's Barn were about 700/litre in unirrigated soil and 300/litre in irrigated soil.
Age-related changes in speed and accuracy during rapid targeted center of pressure movements near the posterior limit of the base of support.

Abstract Background Backward falls are often associated with injury, particularly among older women. An age-related increase occurs in center of pressure variability when standing and leaning. So, we hypothesized that, in comparison to young women, older women would display a disproportionate decrease of speed and accuracy in the primary center of pressure submovements as movement amplitude increases. Methods Ground reaction forces were recorded from thirteen healthy young and twelve older women while performing rapid, targeted, center of pressure movements of small and large amplitude in upright stance. Measures included center of pressure speed, the number of center of pressure submovements, and the incidence rate of primary center of pressure submovements undershooting the target. Findings In comparison to young women, older women used slower primary submovements, particularly as movement amplitude increased ( P P P Interpretations We conclude that the increased primary submovement undershoots and secondary center of pressure submovements in the older women reflect the use of a conservative control strategy near the posterior limit of their base of support.
Robust MIPA array processors with bivariate and Markov dependence

Abstract The effects of dependent sampling on the sequential m -interval polynomial approximation (MIPA) array processing detectors are considered. This problem is approached on a weak signal basis; bivariate and Markovian types of dependence are used separately to model the dependence among the data samples. For practical implementations, we assume that the noise is independent between sensors; we will allow only temporal dependence to exist among the data collected by each sensor. Based on the relative efficiency criteria, the performance of these detectors is compared to that of their corresponding independent noise counterpart. It is concluded that improved performance is achieved.
Is Playing Exergames Really Exercising? A Meta-Analysis of Energy Expenditure in Active Video Games

Abstract This article reports a meta-analysis of energy expenditure (EE) of playing active video games (AVGs). In particular, heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), and EE were assessed and three moderators for the effects of AVGs—types of AVG, player age, and player weight status—were analyzed. The results show that playing AVGs significantly increased HR, VO2, and EE from resting. The effect sizes of playing AVGs on HR, VO2, and EE were similar to traditional physical activities. AVG type and player age were significant modera-tors for the effects of AVGs. The finding suggests that AVGs are effective technologies that may facilitate light- to moderate-intensity physical activity promotion.
Somatosensory cortical-evoked responses after feline experimental spinal cord injury

Somatosensory cortical-evoked responses and clinical function were followed in cats for up to 4 weeks after spinal cord compression injury. Despite abolition of cortical responses for from 3 to 19 days after injury, good functional recovery occurred.
Study of nasa and naca single-stage axial flow turbine performance as related to reynolds number and geometry.

Reynolds number and turbine geometry effects on performance of single stage axial flow turbines