cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer in a Complex Medium

The heat equation is considered in the complex medium consisting of many small bodies (particles) embedded in a given material. On the surfaces of the small bodies an impedance boundary condition is imposed. An equation for the limiting field is derived when the characteristic size a of the small bodies tends to zero, their total number \(\mathcal{N}(a)\) tends to infinity at a suitable rate, and the distance d = d(a) between neighboring small bodies tends to zero: a < < d, \(\lim _{a\rightarrow 0} \frac{a} {d(a)} = 0\). No periodicity is assumed about the distribution of the small bodies. These results are basic for a method of creating a medium in which heat signals are transmitted along a given line. The technical part for this method is based on an inverse problem of finding potential with prescribed eigenvalues.
Effect of pyridoxine on granulopenia caused by thiouracil.

SummaryOur results would seem to indicate that pyridoxine can bring about a rapid and significant rise in the number of circulating granulocytes in the blood in human subjects after a depression caused by thio-uracil. Although there is a large element of self recovery after removal of the toxic agent there seems to be no doubt that the recovery process is much accelerated by pyridoxine.
Macroscopic Description of Compensated Cholesteric and Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals

We present a macroscopic description of compensated cholesterics and chiral smectics, i.e., for systems in which the pitch of the helix goes to infinity on a surface in phase space spanned by pressure, temperature and concentration. The macroscopic consequences of this phenomenon in the vicinity of this surface are investigated and an explanation of the experiments by Eber and Janossy for compensated cholesterics and by Beresnev et al. for compensated smectic C* is suggested. An analogy to singular non-Boussinesq effects in binary fluid mixtures is pointed out.
Determing water driving effectiveness of oil reservoir with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

The oil recovery under water drive is an important factor for the evaluation of water displacement efficiency of a reservoir. Based on the analysis of advantage and shortage in the oil recovery determination using empire formulas, water displacement curves and decline curves, this paper presents a new "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method" which contains 7 types (i. e. rock grain texture, rock pore texture, flow properties of reservoir, reservoir sensitivity, distribution of oil and gas sand bodies, reservoir energy and crude oil properties) of 24 geology factors. The application results showed that the "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method" could accurately evaluate the oil recovery for different reservoirs in different production period, and it's a simple, applicable and scientific method that can be used broadly.
Pseudoaneurysm Formation from a Prominent Orthopaedic Implant: Case Report and Literature Review.

A pseudoaneurysm occurs because of a loss of integrity of the arterial wall, resulting in blood extravasating into the surrounding soft tissues and forming an encapsulated hematoma1-6. Pseudoaneurysms can be caused by an inflammatory condition, infection, trauma, or complications of an invasive procedure5-8. The femoral artery is especially susceptible to pseudoaneurysm formation following interventional procedures (most likely because of its frequency of access). One source reported an estimated risk of 0.6% to 17%9, while another source reported an estimated risk of 8%10, which implies that the true incidence is unknown. There are few case reports in the current literature of pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery caused by orthopaedic implants2,11-16. Femoral artery pseudoaneurysms have a variable presentation with various nonspecific symptoms, which creates a diagnostic challenge. Presentation is commonly a tense, painful, often pulsatile swelling with anemia. We present a rare case of a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm that was caused by a long proximal femoral intramedullary nail and interlocking screw that had been placed eight years earlier for fracture fixation. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A thirty-nine-year-old man presented to an orthopaedic oncologist with a painful, large mass in the left groin and anteromedial thigh that had been present for about two months. Eight years earlier, the patient had had an intramedullary nail with an interlocking screw placed for treatment of a femoral shaft fracture at an outside institution; the fracture had healed without complication. He denied fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, cold sensation in the leg, or other joint pain. Physical examination revealed a large firm mass in the groin that extended anteromedially in the left thigh. The mass was …
Neutron Multiplicity Counting: Credible Regions for Reconstruction Parameters

From nuclear materials accountability to homeland security, the need for improved nuclear material detection, assay, and authentication has grown over the past decades. Starting in the 1940s, neutr...
Decision-Making and Self-Governing Systems

Neuroscience has illuminated the neural basis of decision-making, providing evidence that supports specific models of decision-processes. These models typically are quite mechanical, the realization of abstract mathematical “diffusion to bound” models. While effective decision-making seems to be essential for sophisticated behavior, central to an account of freedom, and a necessary characteristic of self-governing systems, it is not clear how the simple models neuroscience inspires can underlie the notion of self-governance. Drawing from both philosophy and neuroscience I explore ways in which the proposed decision-making architectures can play a role in systems that can reasonably be thought of as “self-governing”.
Neuroanatomical correlates of perceptual aberrations in psychosis

Abstract Background Aberrations in body perception are common in psychotic disorders. The insula and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) are involved in body ownership and spatial perception suggesting that abnormal structure of these regions might be related to the expression of perceptual aberrations in psychosis. Methods 58 individuals with a primary psychotic disorder and 40 healthy subjects completed the Chapman Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grey matter volume was extracted from a-priori defined TPJ, whole insula, and insula sub-division regions-of-interest (ROIs) and correlated with PAS scores. Additionally, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis examining the correlation between voxel-wise grey matter volume and PAS scores was conducted. Results PAS scores in psychosis patients correlated with bilateral whole insula (right: r = − 0.30, p = 0.026; left: r = − 0.35, p = 0.011) and right TPJ (r = − 0.27, p = 0.024) volumes. The correlation between grey matter volume and PAS was strongest for the posterior sub-division of the insula (right: r = − 0.32, p = 0.017; left: r = − 0.37, p = 0.006). VBM analyses confirmed the ROI results: negative correlations with PAS were identified in clusters within the posterior and dorsal anterior insula, and the right TPJ. An exploratory, whole-brain analysis also revealed two additional regions located in the left middle orbitofrontal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus that inversely correlated with PAS scores. Conclusions Perceptual aberrations in individuals with psychosis are related to lower grey matter volume in the insula and TPJ. This relationship was strongest in the posterior region of the insula and right TPJ; brain areas that have been implicated in interoception and somesthesis.
OCULAR ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISORDERS AND CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE.

Objective To compare prevalence of carotid artery disease and its various types of lesions in different types of ocular arterial occlusive disorders. Design Cohort study. Subjects We included 614 consecutive patients (728 eyes) with ocular arterial occlusive disorders. Methods At first visit, all patients had a detailed ophthalmic and medical history, comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, and carotid artery evaluation (by Doppler/angiography) on the side of ocular arterial occlusion, and echocardiography. The same ophthalmic evaluation was performed at each follow-up visit. Ocular arterial occlusive disorders were divided into central (CRAO) and branch (BRAO) retinal artery occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS), nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) and amaurosis fugax (AF). Main Outcome Measures Carotid artery and echocardiographic abnormalities, and incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke and myocardial ischemia. Results The study consists of a cohort of 266 eyes with NA-AION, 203 with CRAO, 127 with BRAO, 80 with OIS, and 52 with AF. Carotid artery stenosis on the involved side was worse in AF and OIS compared with BRAO, CRAO, and NA-AION (P < 0.0001). The presence of carotid artery plaques on the involved side was significantly higher in OIS, AF, and CRAO compared with NA-AION (P = 0.002, P = 0.003, and P = 0.0003, respectively). Echocardiography revealed an embolic source in 61% of CRAO and 53% of BRAO compared with only 3% of NA-AION patients (P < 0.0001). Stroke or TIA before or after the onset of ocular condition occurred in 17% of OIS, 11% of AF, 7% of CRAO, 6% of NA-AION, and 3% of BRAO patients. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the incidence of TIA/stroke within 3 months after onset was 6% (95% confidence interval, 2%–17%) for OIS, 3% (95% confidence interval, 0.4%–19%) for AF, and 1% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%–4.1%) for CRAO. A report of myocardial ischemia before or after the onset of an ocular condition was 52% in AF, 22% in OIS, 22% in BRAO, 21% in CRAO, and 6% in NA-AION patients. Conclusions The incidence of carotid artery stenosis and plaques, cardiac embolic source, TIA/stroke, and myocardial ischemia differ among various ocular arterial occlusive disorders. The role of embolism and hemodynamic disturbances caused by carotid artery disease in these disorders is discussed.
Procyanidins Mitigate Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis by, at Least in Part, Suppressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling

Procyanidins are a family of plant metabolites that have been suggested to mitigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis in mice. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine whether procyanidins mitigate traumatic injury-induced osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression, and whether procyanidins exert a chondroprotective effect by, at least in part, suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Procyanidins (extracts from pine bark), orally administered to mice subjected to surgery for destabilization of the medial meniscus, significantly slowed OA disease progression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that procyanidin treatment reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and effectors in OA pathogenesis that are regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor. Procyanidin-suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor expression was correlated with reduced phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in human OA primary chondrocytes. Moreover, components of procyanidins, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3 exerted effects similar to those of total procyanidins in mitigating the OA-related gene expression profile in the primary culture of human OA chondrocytes in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor. Together, these findings suggest procyanidins mitigate OA pathogenesis, which is mediated, at least in part, by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.
Soil response to perennial herbaceous biofeedstocks under rainfed conditions in the northern Great Plains, USA

Perennial herbaceous biofeedstocks (PHB) have been proposed to confer multiple ecosystem services to agricultural lands. However, the role of PHBs to affect change in soil condition is not well documented, particularly for treatments with multiple species. The objective of this study was to quantify potential changes to soil properties resulting from PHB treatments in central and western North Dakota over a 5-yr period. Treatments with multiple perennial plant species were hypothesized to induce greater improvements in soil condition compared to monocultures. Soil properties were evaluated in seven PHB treatments (four monocultures, three mixtures) at five sites with sampling occurring immediately prior to treatment establishment in 2006 and again in 2011 across a 0 to 1.2 m depth. Perennial herbaceous biofeedstocks had minor and inconsistent effects on soil bulk density, electrical conductivity, and soil pH, and no effect on available P and soil organic C (SOC) in 2011. Contrasts between monoculture and mixtures in 2011 yielded no significant differences for any soil property at any site. However, PHB treatments did induce significant changes in soil properties between 2006 and 2011, with substantial declines in available P (> 10 kg P ha− 1 yr− 1) at sites with high initial P and modest increases in SOC (0.9–5.7 Mg C ha− 1 yr− 1) at sites with low initial SOC. Electrical conductivity decreased at two sites, though changes were minor (− 0.08 to − 0.18 dS m− 1). Soil pH did not change over the 5-yr study. Results from this study underscore the value of PHBs to remediate nutrient-laden and/or degraded soils, while concurrently resisting increased salinity and fertilizer-induced acidification.
Living donor kidney allograft survival ≥ 50 years

The first successful kidney transplant occurred in 1954. Since then, long-term graft survival has been an elusive idealistic goal of transplantation. Yet 62 years later, we know of only 6 kidney transplant recipients who have achieved ≥ 50-year graft survival while being on no immunosuppression or a substantially reduced regimen. Herein, we report graft survival ≥ 50 years in 2 living donor recipients who have been maintained on standard-of-care immunosuppression the entire time. For our 2 recipients, their living donor's altruism altered the course, length, and quality of their life, which by all accounts can be deemed normal: They attended college, held jobs, had successful pregnancies, raised families, and were productive members of society. Both donors are still alive and well, more than 50 years post-donation; both have an acceptable GFR and normal blood pressure, with hyperlipidemia as their only medical problem. These 2 intertwined stories illustrate the tremendous potential of a successful kidney transplant: long-term survival with a normal lifestyle and excellent quality of life, even after more than 5 decades on full-dose immunosuppression.
Abstract 046: PCSK9 Inhibitors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: a Meta-analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: The prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is estimated to be 1 in 250 US adults. The advent of PCSK9 inhibitors has led a to a paradigm shift in the management of these patie...
Hypocretin (Orexin) in Models of Cocaine Addiction

Abstract We review the developing literature on the functional roles of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin transmission in preclinical models of cocaine addiction. This chapter illustrates the anatomical organization, receptor distribution, and target structure innervation of orexins within the mammalian central nervous system. We also discuss how chronic cocaine administration alters neuronal function within the orexin terminal field and can enhance excitability of orexin-containing cells. Additionally, we highlight behavioral pharmacology data from different preclinical models of cocaine addiction. We conclude by summarizing the potential of orexin receptor antagonists for treatment of cocaine addiction in human patients.
Power vs. persuasion: can open body postures embody openness to persuasion?

ABSTRACTIn the current study, we sought to replicate the finding that adopting an open/expansive body posture increases subjective feelings of power, while also investigating how these body postures influence the processing of persuasive messages. Two hundred participants were randomly assigned to adopt either an open or a closed body posture while reading either a strong or a weak persuasive message regarding junk food taxation. Afterwards, we measured participants’ attitudes toward junk food, subjective feelings of power, thought confidence, and openness. Results failed to replicate the previously found effect of body posture on subjective feelings of power. Compared to weak messages, strong messages led to more persuasion, higher subjective power, more thought confidence, and more openness. However, body posture did not affect these outcomes. Overall, these findings challenge the idea of a direct, causal relationship between open body postures and power, by showing that power posing effects are not mai...
Why We Became Nurse Educators: Findings From a Nationwide Survey of Current Nurse Educators.

Aim The aim of the study was to identify what a national sample of nurse faculty believe will help build the faculty population. Background The aging population contributes to the need for new nurses while reducing the number of experienced faculty. Retaining faculty and attracting younger faculty are essential. Method This descriptive study used an online survey. Nurse educators teaching at all levels (n = 940) were asked to rate the effectiveness of attraction, recruitment, and retention strategies. This article reports on responses to one of the survey's open-ended question; a content analysis was conducted to develop a narrative description about why respondents chose nursing education. Results Respondents wanted to teach in a stimulating yet flexible work environment, hoped to influence the profession, had been influenced by educators, and sought change and challenge in their careers. Conclusion Faculty find nursing academia satisfying and rewarding, but noncompetitive compensation and unsatisfactory work environments can eclipse satisfiers.
eDelta: Pinpointing energy deviations in smartphone apps via comparative trace analysis

Many smartphone apps can consume an unnecessarily high amount of energy, shortening battery life. Although users can easily notice the undesired fast battery drain, it is almost impossible for them to precisely remember how the abnormal battery drain (ABD) is triggered, making it difficult for developers to fix the problem. Therefore, app developers are in an urgent need for a tool that can provide them helpful information. In this paper, we propose eDelta, a framework that assists developers in pinpointing the APIs with high energy deviation, which usually have a high probability of being relevant to the non-deterministic ABD. Specifically, eDelta performs comparative trace analysis to identify APIs that have significant energy consumption deviation in different user traces. With the information provided by eDelta, developers can substantially reduce the time they spend searching for the ABD root causes. We have prototyped eDelta in Android 4.4 and evaluated it with twenty real-world apps. Our results show that eDelta can effectively pinpoint the APIs with high energy deviation and those APIs indeed cause ABD. Specifically, it reduces, on average, 94.6% of the amount of code that the developers would need to search for ABD root causes.
Rationale Beschreibungen, einige mathematische Vormerkungen

Im vorangehenden Kapitel wurden die Grundgleichungen fur ein System der induktiven Logik abgeleitet. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir einige Konsequenzen dieser Gleichungen betrachten.
Flt-3 Ligand Synergizes With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor to Increase Neutrophil Numbers and to Mobilize Peripheral Blood Stem Cells With Long-Term Repopulating Potential

Flt-3 ligand (FL) shares many features with stem cell factor (SCF), a widely documented cofactor for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization. We investigated the mobilization of PBPCs by FL in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). As a single agent, FL was a relatively modest mobilizer of PBPCs, resulting in 360 granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs)/mL blood (control, 155 GM-CFCs/mL blood) and no advantage in leukocyte recovery when these PBPCs were transplanted to irradiated recipient mice. G-CSF, on the other hand, mobilized over 20,000 GM-CFCs/mL blood, and the combination of G-CSF + FL resulted in over 100,000 GM-CFCs/mL blood. The combination of G-CSF + FL stimulated increased levels of monocytes and basophils in the peripheral blood. The performance of the mobilized PBPC product in irradiated hosts correlated with progenitor numbers resulting in long-term engraftment in association with accelerated short-term recovery of both leukocytes and platelets. These data demonstrate the potential of FL to synergize with G-CSF to mobilize PBPCs with both short- and long-term engraftment potential. The effect is similar to the synergistic interaction of G-CSF and SCF on PBPC mobilization. The use of FL as opposed to SCF may elicit a different spectrum of toxicities including lymphoid proliferation effects, in contrast to the mast cell degranulation effects of SCF. Clinical studies of FL are needed to evaluate its usefulness in man.
Double Jeopardy and Multiple Punishment: Cutting the Gordian Knot

Courts and commentators treat as axiomatic that the Double Jeopardy Clause protects against multiple punishment as well as reprosecution after acquittal and reprosecution after conviction. They struggle to define a double jeopardy jurisprudence that accommodates all three. By applying the same rules to both multiple punishment and successive prosecution, they undermine core double jeopardy protection. When a defendant claims multiple punishment, legislative will governs, and fragmentation of offenses is acceptable. Successive prosecution claims warrant greater protection. However, because courts apply the same rules to both issues, they inject legislative deference into successive prosecution analysis, reducing double jeopardy protection. Instead, protection from multiple punishment should not be treated as a double jeopardy problem. This Article examines how multiple punishment analysis has been entangled with protection from successive prosecution. It explores the basis for and considers the foundation and development of the axiom that double jeopardy protects against multiple punishment. The Article concludes that the axiom must be rejected. Analysis of multiple punishment should focus on legislative intent. Double jeopardy principles should play no role in evaluating the propriety of sentences imposed after a single trial, and multiple punishment analysis should be disentangled from double jeopardy rules governing successive prosecution.
Incorporation of Food-Grade Antimicrobial Compounds into Biodegradable Packaging Films

Lysozyme and nisin are both antimicrobial proteins effective against gram-positive bacteria. The use of these antimicrobials in combination with chelating agents displays increased effectiveness against gram-negative bacteria. Packaging films with lysozyme or nisin incorporated into the film structure were tested separately for inhibition against Lactobacillus plantarum. Both lysozyme and nisin were used in combination with EDTA in films and were evaluated for inhibition against Escherichia coli. Two packaging film-forming methods were used to incorporate lysozyme or nisin into biodegradable protein films to determine if antimicrobial properties could be induced in the film. Heat-press and casting methods were used to produce films made from soy protein and corn zein. Circular samples were cut from the finished films, which were then placed on a bacterial lawn, incubated, and measured for any zones of inhibition. Both cast and heat-press films with added lysozyme or nisin formed excellent films and exhibited inhibition of bacterial growth. The lysozyme and nisin retained their bacteriocidal properties throughout both the heat-press and cast film-forming processes. The cast films exhibited larger inhibitory zones, as compared to the heat-press films, when the same levels of lysozyme or nisin were incorporated. L. plantarum was inhibited by films containing nisin or lysozyme. The addition of EDTA increased the inhibitory effect of films against E. coli.
Site preparation alters biomass, root and ectomycorrhizal development of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir

This report documents impacts from manipulations of native forest soils and competing vegetation on development and ectomycorrhizal formation of outplanted western white pine and Douglas-fir in the Inland Northwest. Treatments were: 1) mounding surface horizons with competition left in place, 2) mounding surface horizons with subsequent physical or chemical control of competing vegetation, 3) scalping for control of competing vegetation, and 4) a control, or no postharvest disturbance. Treatments were applied on a low-altitude, relatively harsh site and on a higher altitude, more moderate site. Wich established seedlings, mounding with no competition control generally produced small seedlings (5–15g; both species) with low numbers of ectomycorrhizal short roots (21). Mounding with competition control produced large seedlings (20–48g) with moderate numbers of short roots (25). Scalping produced small seedlings (8–16g) with high numbers of short roots (41). The control also produced small seedlings (8–13g) but with a moderate number of short roots (27). Douglas-fir produced more short roots on the harsh than the moderate site. Western white pine produced high root to shoot ratios (above 0.60) in the mound with competition on the harsh site. Douglas-fir produced very high root to shoot ratios (above 1.0) in both the mound with no competition of the harsh site and in the mound with competition of the moderate site. Throughout, western white pine produced more ectomycorrhizae more rapidly than Douglas-fir. Ectomycorrhizal development and root and shoot weight of both conifers were adversely affected by competing vegetation.
Tools and applications

Publisher Summary Over the last two decades, the knowledge engineer's toolbox has continued to develop and today, it constitutes a powerful set of tools for building expert systems to manage real-world problems across a wide range of application areas. Each tool offers unique features that make it well suited for certain types of problems. This chapter explores and reviews the most popular expert system development tools. It provides the history of the development of each tool. This is important because, it demonstrates how the artificial intelligence (AI) community responded to problems beyond the reach of existing methods. This chapter also deals with the working of these tools to provide a general sense of its operation. It considers the relevance of the tool by considering its strengths and weaknesses, and by looking at applications where it is typically employed. It provides valuable references that allow further probing of the tool's theory and applications to design a successful expert system.
Isolated adult turtle brainstems exhibit central hypoxic chemosensitivity

Abstract During hypoxia, red-eared slider turtles increase ventilation and decrease episodic breathing, but whether these responses are due to central mechanisms is not known. To test this question, isolated adult turtle brainstems were exposed to 240 min of hypoxic solution (bath PO 2 = 32.6 ± 1.2 mmHg) and spontaneous respiratory-related motor bursts (respiratory event) were recorded on hypoglossal nerve roots. During hypoxia, burst frequency increased during the first 15 min, and then decreased during the remaining 35–240 min of hypoxia. Burst amplitude was maintained for 120 min, but then decreased during the last 120 min. The number of bursts/respiratory event decreased within 30 min and remained decreased. Pretreatment with either prazosin (α 1 -adrenergic antagonist) or MDL7222 (5-HT 3 antagonist) blocked the hypoxia-induced short-term increase and the longer duration decrease in burst frequency. MDL7222, but not prazosin, blocked the hypoxia-induced decrease in bursts/respiratory event. Thus, during bath hypoxia, isolated turtle brainstems continued to produce respiratory motor output, but the frequency and pattern were altered in a manner that required endogenous α 1 -adrenergic and serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor activation. This is the first example of isolated reptile brainstems exhibiting central hypoxic chemosensitivity similar to other vertebrate species.
The primacy of trust within romantic relationships: Evidence from conjoint analysis of HEXACO-derived personality profiles

Abstract Mate preference research often focuses on traits that indicate a romantic partner's personal worth (e.g., their physical attractiveness, resource potential) rather than their tendency to leverage that worth for mutual vs. zero-sum benefit (i.e., their trustworthiness). No one has assessed the contribution of trustworthiness to perceived mate value relative to other personality dimensions. Here we examined the desirability of a partner's trustworthiness relative to five other personality indicators of mate quality during initial partner selection. Participants (n = 918) ranked multivariate partner profiles constructed from the HEXACO model of personality (i.e., honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and provided partner ratings for each trait. Using conjoint analysis, we found that honesty-humility influenced participants' ranking decisions substantially more than each other characteristic (all Cohen's ds > 0.62). This was true for both long- (i.e., committed) and short-term (i.e., purely sexual) partner evaluations, though honesty-humility was relatively more important for long- vs. short-term contexts. There were no sex differences. A different pattern, including sex differences, emerged for partner ratings. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the challenge of avoiding romantic interpersonal predation may have been a relatively stronger selection pressure during the evolution of human mate preference than has the challenge of identifying other valuable partner traits.
Wootz: a compiler-based framework for fast CNN pruning via composability

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are widely used for Deep Learning tasks. CNN pruning is an important method to adapt a large CNN model trained on general datasets to fit a more specialized task or a smaller device. The key challenge is on deciding which filters to remove in order to maximize the quality of the pruned networks while satisfying the constraints. It is time-consuming due to the enormous configuration space and the slowness of CNN training. The problem has drawn many efforts from the machine learning field, which try to reduce the set of network configurations to explore. This work tackles the problem distinctively from a programming systems perspective, trying to speed up the evaluations of the remaining configurations through computation reuse via a compiler-based framework. We empirically uncover the existence of composability in the training of a collection of pruned CNN models, and point out the opportunities for computation reuse. We then propose composability-based CNN pruning, and design a compression-based algorithm to efficiently identify the set of CNN layers to pre-train for maximizing their reuse benefits in CNN pruning. We further develop a compiler-based framework named Wootz, which, for an arbitrary CNN, automatically generates code that builds a Teacher-Student scheme to materialize composability-based pruning. Experiments show that network pruning enabled by Wootz shortens the state-of-art pruning process by up to 186X while producing significantly better pruning results.
A Scaling Theory for Atmospheric Heat Redistribution on Rocky Exoplanets

Atmospheric heat redistribution shapes the remote appearance of rocky exoplanets but there is currently no easy way to predict a planet's heat redistribution from its physical properties. In this paper I derive an analytical scaling theory for the heat redistribution on tidally locked rocky exoplanets. The main parameters of the theory are a planet's equilibrium temperature, its surface pressure, and its broadband longwave optical thickness. I validate the theory against general circulation model simulations of TRAPPIST-1b, GJ1132b, and LHS 3844b. I find that heat redistribution becomes efficient, and a planet's observable thermal phase curve and secondary eclipse start to deviate significantly from that of a bare rock, once surface pressure exceeds O(1) bar. These results thus bridge the gap between theory and imminent observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. They can also be used to parameterize the effect of 3D atmospheric dynamics in 1D models, thereby improving the self-consistency of such models.
Ideology and the Narrative of Climate Skepticism

AbstractIt is reasonable to assume that more effective communication of climate science might be the remedy for widespread climate skepticism. However, narrative analysis of climate-skeptical disco...
Resistance of aspirin during and after pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate possible changes in aspirin resistance during and after pregnancy over time. Study design A longitudinal cohort study in obstetric high risk women with an indication for aspirin usage during pregnancy to prevent placenta mediated pregnancy complications. Main outcome measures Aspirin resistance measured in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and at least three months postpartum by four complementary test: PFA-200, VerifyNow®, Chronolog light transmission aggregometry (Chronolog LTA) and serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) level measurements. Correlation between the devices was investigated. Results In total, 23 pregnant women participated in the present study. Aspirin resistance according to the PFA-200, VerifyNow®, Chronolog LTA and serum TxB2, was 30.4%, 17.4%, 26.1% and 23.8% respectively. Resistance by any device was 69.6%. Aspirin resistance measured by the VerifyNow®, Chronolog LTA, serum TxB2 and aspirin resistance by any device during pregnancy was demonstrated more frequently than aspirin resistance after pregnancy. Correlation between the different devices was weak. Conclusion Aspirin resistance was found in a considerable part of the participants. Considerable variation between participants, within participants over time and between the different devices was found. Prevalence of aspirin resistance during pregnancy differs from after pregnancy. More research on aspirin resistance and clinical obstetric outcome is needed.
Cosmopolitan Critical Literacy and Youth Civic Engagement for Human Rights.

In this theoretical paper centered on adolescent literacy and civic engagement, we draw from human rights education and multimodal cosmopolitan critical literacy consider the ways adolescents may t...
Issues and Dilemmas in Faith-Based Social Service Delivery

Abstract The role of religiously affiliated organizations and congregations as social service providers has received increasing attention during a period of governmental support for public funding of faith-based social services. The current policy initiative provides a context for exploration of issues and dilemmas in service delivery that may arise in such settings. Findings from a multi-method evaluation of The Salvation Army of Greater Philadelphia, a long-standing, religiously affiliated organization, provides a window through which to view issues reflective of those that may be encountered in other faith-based organizations.
Carving Out: Isolating the True Effect of Self-Interest on Policy Attitudes

How important is self-interest in people’s opinions about public policy? If a policy proposal exempts a subset of the target group from costs that others will have to pay, or denies them benefits that others will enjoy, do they respond according to self-interest? This experimental study distinguishes between true self-interest and affinity for one’s in-group by exploiting a common feature of policy proposals: age-based “carve-outs” that prevent otherwise similar subgroups of a population from being affected by the benefits or burdens of a new policy (e.g., cuts to an old-age program that exempt people above a certain age). I find self-interest effects for older Americans exempt from cuts to Medicare and younger people too old to benefit from a hypothetical student debt relief program. These effects vary in ways that are consistent with extant theory.
Thermal runaway propagation behavior within 18,650 lithium-ion battery packs: A modeling study

Abstract Thermal runaway and subsequent propagation are the main factors to cause catastrophic consequences in lithium-ion battery packs. Exploring the thermal runaway propagation is thus of great fundamental and practical interest in understanding the mechanism of battery safety. A thermal runaway propagation mathematical model is established by combining the 0 D thermal runaway, and electrical and thermal conduction models that are verified by a series of experiments where thermal runways are triggered by mechanical abusive loading. Two thermal runaway propagation modes are observed and it is found that overheating of the local area or high overall temperature determines the propagation mode. The governing factors of thermal runaway propagation speed, including ambient temperature, packing spacing, and stacking form, are further analyzed. Our analysis reveals a complete link between engineering design variables and the thermal runaway behaviors of a specific battery pack. Our study paves a novel avenue to design the safer and higher energy density lithium-ion battery pack and elevates the limits of battery pack energy density without sacrificing safety risks.
On the Design of Multi-Hop Tag-to-Tag Routing Protocol for Large-Scale Networks of Passive Tags

Recently, tag-to-tag (T2T) backscattering technique in a passive RFID system has received broad attention due to its superiority for large-scale network applications. If used to implement a Network of Tags, use of T2T communication allows inherent communication parallelism, thus supporting orders of magnitude larger capacity than centralized RFID reader-based systems. To unleash the potential of T2T communication, turbo backscattering operation enables the implementation of a multi-hop network of tags, which supports larger network coverage of a Network of Tags. However, due to asymmetric communication links and interferences among tags' transmissions in such a T2T backscattering based network, the routing protocol design has become one of the main technical challenges, especially for large-scale networks. Furthermore, the computation time of T2T routing protocols increases exponentially with the number of tags, greatly limiting the practicability of such large-scale backscattering networks. In this paper, we present the design of a Network of Tags model to address these challenges, and we propose novel routing protocols for three distinct types of tags with different hardware capabilities. To address the issue of computational processing time of the routing protocol for large-scale T2T networks, we propose a new scheme with linear time complexity. We evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed protocols, as well as investigate the impact of network parameters on the performance.
Artificial Intelligence and The Struggle Between Good and Evil

Numerous reports have described—in great detail—the real and potential harms of the widespread development and adoption of artificial intelligence by both government and private industry. However, artificial intelligence has also been shown to create faster, more accurate and more equitable outcomes than humans in many situations. This seeming contradiction has led to dichotomous thinking describing artificial intelligence as either good or evil. Artificial intelligence, like all technological developments, is a tool: one that can be used—intentionally and sometimes, unintentionally—for good or for harm. The gray area comes into play when there is good or neutral intent that leads to a harmful result. This Essay is designed to help policymakers, investors, scholars, and students understand the multifaceted nature of artificial intelligence and the key challenges it presents and to caution against creating laws that prohibit AI programs outright rather than addressing the fundamental need to develop AI responsibly.
Introducing the St. Louis Fed Price Pressures Measure

Assessing inflationâ€™s likely path matters to policymakers and those in financial markets.
Does 360-degree Video Enhance Engagement with Global Warming?: The Mediating Role of Spatial Presence and Emotions

360-degree videos have become favored tools to deliver environmental messages to audiences on social media platforms. Whereas 360-degree videos can emotionally engage users with beautiful scenery i...
Edge-to-edge mitral repair for iatrogenic chordal rupture related to Impella 5.0

Iatrogenic chordal rupture with severe mitral regurgitation is a rare but serious complication associated with the use of Impella device. We present a case of a 47-year-old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy who required insertion of an Impella 5.0 device. During Impella support, he developed acute pulmonary edema secondary to newly diagnosed posterior mitral valve chordal rupture and subsequent severe mitral regurgitation. He underwent implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device with concomitant edge-to-edge mitral valve repair through the apex.
Amphibian breeding phenology influences offspring size and response to a common wetland contaminant.

Increases in temperature variability associated with climate change have critical implications for the phenology of wildlife across the globe. For example, warmer winter temperatures can induce forward shifts in breeding phenology across taxa (“false springs”), which can put organisms at risk of freezing conditions during reproduction or vulnerable early life stages. As human activities continue to encroach on natural ecosystems, it is also important to consider how breeding phenology interacts with other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., pollutants). Using 14 populations of a widespread amphibian (wood frog; Rana sylvatica), we compared 1) growth; 2) tolerance to a common wetland contaminant (NaCl); and 3) the ability of tadpoles to acclimate to lethal NaCl exposure following sublethal exposure earlier in life. We evaluated these metrics across two breeding seasons (2018 and 2019) and across populations of tadpoles whose parents differed in breeding phenology (earlier- versus later-breeding cohorts). In both years, the earlier-breeding cohorts completed breeding activity prior to a winter storm and later-breeding cohorts completed breeding activities after a winter storm. The freezing conditions that later-breeding cohorts were exposed to in 2018 were more severe in both magnitude and duration than those in 2019. In 2018, offspring of the later-breeding cohort were larger but less tolerant of NaCl compared to offspring of the earlier-breeding cohort. The offspring of the earlier-breeding cohort additionally were able to acclimate to a lethal concentration of NaCl following sublethal exposure earlier in life, while the later-breeding cohort became less tolerant of NaCl following acclimation. Interestingly, in 2019, the warmer of the two breeding seasons, we did not detect the negative effects of later breeding phenology on responses to NaCl. These results suggest that phenological shifts that expose breeding amphibians to freezing conditions can have cascading consequences on offspring mass and ability to tolerate future stressors but likely depends on the severity of the freeze event.
Coordination of Protection and Ride-through Settings for Islanded Facility Microgrids

Proliferation of power electronics and distributed energy resources (DERs) into the electrical power system (EPS) enables improvements to the network’s resilience against sudden-inception short circuit electrical faults through redundant electrical pathways in meshed configurations and multiple possible distributed generation locations. However, successful operation of fault detection, isolation, and recovery in islanded mode is challenging as protection coordination must include not only the distribution equipment, but also the DERs. Assessment of resilience for candidate EPS architectures against short circuit faults must be performed to understand the trade-offs between network resilience and complexity. This paper proposes a design process, which can be used towards assessing microgrid resilience, by coordinating protection and ride-through settings to maximize the recoverability of a meshed islanded AC microgrid. The design process is demonstrated through a case-study.
Activity Patterns of Bats over a Desert Spring

Bats were netted at a desert spring in southern Nevada for a total of 70 nights covering each month of the year. Two species, Pipistrellus hesperus and Myotis californicus, were active throughout the year with peaks of seasonal activity during the warmer months. Antrozous pallidus was netted in all seasons of the year. Air temperature was a major factor affecting seasonal and nightly activity with more bats being netted at higher temperatures. However, both M. californicus and P. hesperus were active at air temperatures between −8° and 31 °C. During the warmer months, when air temperatures remained above 15°C for the entire night, both species sustained activity throughout much of the night, but in winter months, they were active only shortly after dusk and activity ceased when air temperatures dropped. Evidence for foraging and insect activity during the winter is presented. The hypothesis of continued year-round activity of bats in warmer areas of the southwest is presented as an alternative to hibernation or migration.
Capital and Operating Costs of Wet Scrubbers

A computer program has been written to determine the cost of building and operating wet scrubbers on individual coal fired utilities in the states where emissions are likely to affect the acid rain problem in the eastern United States. The program differs from many other estimates since it calculates the cost for each of 831 individual sites. The capital costs for installing scrubbers on the top fifty sulfur oxide emitting plants will be about $20 billion. This will result in an increase in the cost of electricity on an average of 0.88 cents/kWh and a reduction of sulfur oxide emissions from 1980 of 7,100,000 tons per year. An additional reduction of at least 1,000,000 tons per year can be obtained by requiring all plants burning oil to burn low sulfur oil. These figures assume utilities will use least emissions dispatching and will use local coals containing at least 3.5 percent sulfur. The use of local coals should result in a further saving of at least 0.2 cents/kWh. This should make available a large ...
The effect of pet ownership on physical well-being in older adults

The Effect of Pet Ownership on Physical Well-Being in Older Adults By Tami S, Pohnert, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Dolores G. Clement, Dr. P.H., Professor, Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health Professions. A large percentage of Americans own pets which may impact their health. This study examines pet ownership‟s effect on well being in older adults looking at race/ethnicity. A sample of 6,565 older adults (>60) was selected from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Pet owners comprised 28.3% of the sample. The theories of symbolic interaction and social integration were used to examine pet ownership‟s effect on physical components of well-being. The descriptive results showed statistically significant differences in age, education, income, and marital status between pet owners and non-pet owners. Pet owners were younger, more educate, higher income and married. Similar results were found for Caucasians, African Americans and Mexican Americans.