cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin Prevents Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase–Dependent Mechanisms

Background— Adiponectin is a fat-derived plasma protein that has beneficial actions on cardiovascular disorders. A low level of plasma adiponectin is associated with increased mortality after ischemic stroke; however, the causal role of adiponectin in ischemic stroke is unknown. Methods and Results— To explore the role of adiponectin in the development of acute cerebral injury, we subjected adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 23 hours of reperfusion. APN-KO mice exhibited enlarged brain infarction and increased neurological deficits after ischemia-reperfusion compared with WT mice. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated supplementation of adiponectin significantly reduced cerebral infarct size in WT and APN-KO mice. APN-KO mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow during ischemia by laser speckle flowmetry methods. Adiponectin colocalized within the cerebral vascular endothelium under transient ischemic conditions by immunohistochemical...
Determination of optimal test length to maximize the multiple correlation.

If the lengths of the tests in a battery are altered, their intercorrelations and their validities or correlations with a criterion are also altered. Consequently, the multiple correlation of the battery with the criterion will also be altered. These changes are a function of the reliabilities of the tests. Suppose we have given from a set of experimental data (1) the time allowed for each test in the battery, (2) the reliability of each test, (3) the intercorrelations, and (4) the validities of all the tests. If we specify the over-all testing time we are willing to allow for the test in the future, we can determine the amount by which each test must be altered in order to give the maximum multiple correlation with the criterion. The method is presented, together with numerical examples and the mathematical proof.
Spencer Baird and Support for American Marine Science, 1871-1887

The early history of the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries reveals the skill of Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) in obtaining federal resources for scientific programs. Baird directed this Commission from 1871 to 1887 in addition to undertaking his duties as a senior Smithsonian Institution official. His success in persuading Congress to establish, and then to fund the growth of the commission, revealed the persistence of his lobbying efforts, a personality that appealed to the Congressmen of his day, and Baird's reputation for frugality. His success also reflected the utility of the Fish Commission's efforts to increase the nation's food supply. Nevertheless, Baird adopted a liberal interpretation of the appropriations earmarked for the Commission's practical programs and redirected some of these resources to a pioneering scientific survey of the coastal and oceanic waters of the Northwest Atlantic.
The role of radical surgery followed by adjuvant therapy for high-risk early-stage cervical carcinoma patients with pelvic lymph node metastasis.

Abstract Objectives: To identify a subgroup of high-risk node-positive patients in early-stage cervical cancers and to determine the role of radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant therapy to these patients. Study design: We conducted a retrospective review of 482 surgically-treated patients of clinical stage Ib and IIa cervical carcinoma from July 1986 to December 1994 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Of these, 96 patients had pelvic lymph node metastases. Clinicopathological variables, including the level of pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), DNA flow cytometry analysis, and the use of different adjuvant therapies were studied. Results: Disease-free survival was significantly worse among patients with S-phase fraction greater than 20% and pretreatment SCC-Ag level above 5 ng/ml. Utilizing these significant variables, we identified two distinct risk groups. Those patients without any of the risk variables were categorized as the low-risk group. Those patients with either one or both risk variables were categorized as the high-risk group. Five-year disease-free survival rates were 74% in the low-risk group and 43% in the high-risk group, (P=0.034). Disease recurred in 30.2% of the low-risk patients and 45.3% of the high-risk patients. No survival advantages were found by using different adjuvant therapies. Conclusions: Radical hysterectomy should not be attempted if either the pretreatment SCC-Ag level is above 5 ng/ml or S-phase fraction of the tumor greater than 20% due to its limited value despite applying aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy.
Chemical controls on ecology in a coastal wetland

The chemistry of marsh sediment is profoundly affected by seasonal cycles, including desiccation of the sediment in summer and the growth of vegetation. In this article, we examine the relation of these processes to the transport of natural and fallout radionuclides in sediment.
Reconstructing meaning in bereavement: summary of a research program

Bereavement, in the form of the loss of a significant attachment figure, disrupts the self-narratives of survivors and typically pitches them into an unsought quest for meaning in the loss, as well as in their changed lives. A growing body of research on diverse groups - bereaved parents, young people, elderly - suffering loss through both natural and violent death, documents the link between the inability to find meaning in the experience and the intensity of complicated grief they suffer. This article reviews the literature, arguing that the processes of sense-making and benefit-finding play a crucial role in bereavement adaptation for many of the bereaved, and accordingly, that interventions that facilitate processes of meaning reconstruction can support effective psychotherapy for those struggling with intense and prolonged grief.
Avian infectious bronchitis virus characteristics of an inhibitor found in serum.

An inhibitor of IBV attachment was demonstrated in bovine, swine, chicken and rabbit serum. The inhibitor found in bovine serum was associated with the gamma globulin fraction. The bovine inhibitor was a heterogeneous macromolecule with its sizes ranging from the 7 S to the 19 S globulins as characterized by ratezonal centrifugation and gel filtration. The inhibitory activity was destroyed by sulfhydryl reagents but resisted neuraminidase and acetone treatment and adsorption with kaolin. The activity of inhibitor from all species was reversed with simple sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and xylose. Alpha and beta methylated glucose was not only capable of reversing the inhibitor but it could increase IBV plaque numbers by 50% to 100% when used alone.
Bi-Polar IC's for Microwave Signal Processing

Various microwave signal processing functions can be performed with monolithic circuits designed to operate as high speed logic elements. The ease of interfacing with these circuits for various modes of operation offers a significant advantage over more conventional microwave components. The application of the one GB/S logic family is demonstrated by a 2 GHz prescaler, a QPSK Modulator, a QPSK Demodulator and an Adaptive Equalizer.
Result of bypass grafting for upper limb ischemia

Bypass grafting in the treatment of upper extremity ischemia is required far less frequently than it is in the lower extremity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate functional results and long-term patency of such grafts. Between 1978 and 1984, 33 bypass grafts were performed to relieve hand and forearm ischemia in 27 patients. The indication for bypass was neglected trauma (violent or iatrogenic) in 12 cases, primary arteriopathy in nine patients, and vascular complications of thoracic outlet compression in six patients. A reversed saphenous vein graft was used in 22 cases, and polytetrafluoroethylene was used in the remaining 11 procedures. Proximal anastomoses were from the aortic arch (one), subclavian artery (five), axillary artery (11), carotid artery (seven), and brachial artery (nine). Distal reconstructions were to the subclavian (three), axillary (three), brachial (16), radial (four), ulnar (two), and interosseous (five) arteries. Complete pre- and postoperative Doppler pressure measurements were available in 19 cases and demonstrated a significant increase in forearm systemic pressure index, from 0.51 before bypass to 0.86 postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Finger systolic pressure measurement in 10 patients also showed a significant improvement after operation. Follow-up of 31 grafts from 6 to 72 months (mean, 35.5 months) revealed an overall patency rate of 73% at 2 years and 67% at 3 years. Similar to lower extremity revascularization, more proximal grafts fared better; the 2-year patency rate was 83% for grafts at or above the brachial artery but only 53% for bypass distal to the brachial bifurcation. Major amputation was not required in any case, even after graft occlusion.
Thermoregulation in some neotropical bats.

Abstract 1. 1. Body temperature (Tb) of Myotis migricans varies directly with ambient temperature (Ta) from 2.8 to 28.3°C, with Tb 0.9–5.3°C above Ta. These bats exhibit and recover from torpor upon warming. A pregnant female did not show any evidence of homeothermy. 2. 2. In Ta's from 16.8 to 28.3°C, Molossus coibensis normally maintains Tb very near 33.3°C. From Ta's of 16.8-2.8°C, Tb's variably approach ambient temperatures. These bats also exhibit and recover from torpor on warming. 3. 3. The relation of Tb to Ta in Carollia perspicillata is extremely variable. Within a Ta range of 34.0–5.7°C, one individual maintained Tb between 34.9 and 38.5°C, while another's Tb dropped from 35.2 to 6.3°C, with five other individuals exhibiting intermediate thermoregulatory capabilities. The homeothermic individual, a lactating female, did not become torpid at low Ta's, while the other six individuals did. Three recovered from hypothermia upon warming. 4. 4. Artibeus jamaicensis and Vampyrodes caraccioli maintain Tb at a constant differential (6.6–10.5°C) above Ta through a Ta range of 7.8–33.2°C. Both species became torpid at low Ta's. Below 7.8°C, Tb's dropped to Ta and none of these bats recovered from this extreme hypothermia upon warming. 5. 5. The relation between Ta's and Tb's of A. lituratus, Pteronotus suapurensis, Micronycteris hirsuta, M. megalotis and Glossophaga soricina was quite variable, but grossly similar to that of A. jamaicensis and V. caraccioli. Most individuals of most of these species became torpid while only one. A. lituratus, one P. suapurensis and one M. hirsuta recovered from hypothermia upon warming. 6. 6. A single male Saccopteryx bilineata exhibited a Ta to Tb relation similar to A. jamaicensis and V. caraccioli. This individual became torpid and recovered from hypothermia upon warming.
Does treating schizophrenia reduce the chances of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the relatively common psychiatric disorder schizophrenia is very rare. This observation has been made by us and a number of other neuromuscular specialists at large ALS centers. We propose that the use of neuroleptics and some antidepressants, which are chronically prescribed to schizophrenics and which have neuroprotective properties and some of which promote neurogenesis, may confer protection against this deadly neurodegenerative disease ALS. Such an observation may have important implications towards the therapy and understanding the pathophysiology of this deadly neurodegenerative disease.
Effect of copper on tyrosinase activity and polyamine content of some ectomycorrhizal fungi

Several species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were grown on solid and liquid media in order to compare their tyrosinases and polyamine contents in the presence of copper (Cu) stress. Fungi with naturally brown pigmented hyphae ( Pisolithus tinctorius and Boletinellus merulioides ) yielded measurable extracellular tyrosinase at both 0 and 60 μg ml −1 Cu. Of fungi which develop brown pigmentation in response to Cu stress ( Suillus pictus and Suillus granulatus ), only S. pictus produced the enzyme and then only at 60 μg ml −1 Cu. Fungi with other than brown hyphae ( Piloderma bicolor and Cenococcum graniforme ) did not produce extracellular tyrosinase. Intracellular tyrosinase of P. tinctorius and S. granulatus increased in activity due to Cu stress but substrate affinity ( K m ) remained similar. This indicates an increase in the amount of enzyme synthesized and suggests that tyrosine may act in detoxification by irreversibly binding Cu ions. Tyrosinase from control cultures of P. tinctorius had a greater substrate affinity than that from cultures of S. granulatus . Addition of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine to the reaction mixture from P. tinctorius activated and repressed tyrosinase, respectively. Polyamine content of P. tinctorius and B. merulioides was not altered by Cu stress, while that of the two Suillus species was decreased by the addition of Cu to the growth medium. The decrease in fungal polyamine content indicates a change in permeability of the cells both to Cu and to the extracellular signals for polyamine biosynthesis. Our results show that there are probably fundamental differences between stress induced and natural hyphal pigmentation.
A smooth shear strength function for steel flexural members

Abstract The strength of web plates in shear may be governed by one of three types of behavior: yielding, inelastic buckling, or elastic buckling. A separate function is needed to define the strength for each of these failure modes. Consequently, the shear strength of flexural members is defined by a piecewise continuous function that varies with the ratio of web height to thickness. The shear strength function is continuous, but its first derivative is not. Optimization of steel members with such nonsmooth constraint functions is limited because most algorithms assume the objective and constraint functions are smooth. In order to improve this situation, an alternative function is sought for the inelastic (transition) region such that the first derivative is continuous or nearly so. Analytical and finite element models as well as experimental data are used to predict the inelastic buckling behavior. This data is used to fit a polynomial of p -th order ( p > 1 ) for use in design. The value of p which results in a smooth curve may not agree well with the finite element results, so depending on how much nonsmoothness can be tolerated, a nearly smooth but conservative curve may be most suitable for optimization applications. Such a curve is appropriate for design using optimization methods since it models the inelastic buckling behavior of webs in shear and does not violate the assumptions of derivative-based optimization methods.
Learning from Vertical NORCs: Challenges and Recommendations for Horizontal NORCs

Maximizing quality of life for older adults poses challenges for formal service providers. One strategy to identify and address factors influencing physical and mental health and to promote autonomy of community-dwelling older people is through a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC), a community development model of formal and informal home and community-based support. This descriptive article provides a review of the literature relevant to the NORC concept and a comparison of the dimensions of structure, design and location, management, cost and affordability, and socialization between vertical NORCs (high-rise apartments) in major metropolitan cities and horizontal NORCs in small cities and suburban and rural communities. Implications and suggestions for horizontal NORCs are discussed.
Evaluation of Methods for Generating Alternatives to Regional Wastewater Treatment Systems

Optimization models for complex regional planning problems can be used to generate planning alternatives that are good with respect to the objectives included in the models, but significantly different from each other with respect to the decisions specified, in order to provide more insight and understanding for the analyst or decisionmaker.The objectives of the study are (1) to develop a methodology for the evaluation of a modeling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA) method, and (2) to test systematically the MGA methods for generating planning alternatives that are good and different. A regional wastewater treatment system problem, which is formulated as a mixed integer programming model, is used as an example. Solutions that are feasible and meet the specified cost target among all possible combinations of treatment plant locations are identified as the base population. Cluster analysis is then performed to allocate these solutions into a set of mutually exclusive groups. Each of the MGA methods is used to ...
Abstract 5593: Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung cancers

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL ALK fusion oncogenes represent a novel molecular target in a small subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The vast majority of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC are highly responsive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, these patients invariably relapse, typically within one year, due to the development of resistance. Herein, we report findings from the first series of patients with acquired resistance to the ALK TKI crizotinib. In approximately one-third of patients, we identified a diverse array of secondary mutations distributed throughout the ALK TK domain. We also identified aberrant activation of other kinases as alternative mechanisms of crizotinib resistance. Additionally, we generated laboratory models of acquired crizotinib resistance which closely recapitulate the diversity of resistance mechanisms observed in patients. Our results highlight the marked heterogeneity of TKI resistance mechanisms in ALK-positive NSCLC, and provide the rationale for pursuing combinatorial therapeutic strategies in patients who relapse on crizotinib. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5593. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5593
Incontinence pads: recommending the best product-based wetback performance and price

Incontinence pads are available in the USA without a prescription and are commonly the first treatment option a patient with incontinence uses. The goal of this study was to examine the difference in the performance and cost of commercially available incontinence pads with the intention of providing recommendations to women. Ten different urinary incontinence products were selected. A modified wetback test was used to test product performance. For the small volume leaks, the Walgreen’s® Extra pad generally performed worse on the wetback test than the three other pads tested (p = 0.001–0.012), but four tests were not statistically significant. At larger leak volumes, the Walgreen’s® underwear generally performed worse than other products (p ≤ 0.001–0.046), with some exceptions. Brand name products generally performed better than generic products, but cost more. Undergarments and underwear do the worst job of keeping moisture inside the pad.
MODERNITY IS JUST OVER THERE

My essay will examine the relationship among conceptions of modernity, national identity and colonial conquest in Italy. Since the country's unification in 1870, Italy's position as a bridge between northern Europe and the Mediterranean has stimulated insecurities and utopian thinking in equal measure. Was modernity, and geopolitical significance, always just out of reach, in the hands of what Mussolini would later call the ‘plutocratic countries’, or could modernity, and the hegemonic West which spawned it, be reconfigured in ways that made Italy not only relevant but essential? Following upon this core question, my essay will consider the centrality of empire to the construction of both Italian modernities and Italian national identities. I argue that Italian preoccupations with its status vis-a-vis other European countries shaped Italian colonial discourse as much as local colonial realities: ‘over there’ – the mythical locus of modernity – referred as much to l'oltremare (overseas, but used to refer t...
Focal and other unusual presentations of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Introduction: Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) presents classically with facial and shoulder-girdle weakness. We report focal atypical presentations of FSHD. Our aim was to identify focal/unusual phenotypes in genetically confirmed FSHD cases. Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of an academic center database of the period from 1996 to 2011. Of 139 FSHD cases, 7 had atypical genetically confirmed disease. Clinical data were abstracted. Results: Seven cases (4 men) had a mean age of 37 years at onset (range 18–63 years) and mean 43 years at diagnosis (range 20–74 years). Presenting symptoms were monomelic lower limb (n = 3) or upper limb (n = 2) atrophy, or axial weakness (n = 2). Five patients had focal weakness on examination. CK was normal to borderline high. Two patients had a relative with FSHD. Coexistent unusual features included dyspnea (n = 1), S1 radicular pain with calf atrophy (n = 2), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 1). Almost all patients had myopathic EMG changes. DNA analysis showed a D4Z4 EcoRI fragment size ranging from 20 to 37 kilobases. Conclusions: FSHD may present with focal weakness, dyspnea and myopathic EMG changes. These findings should raise the possibility of FSHD. Muscle Nerve 46: 421–425, 2012
The Raman scattering intensity parameters of acetylene

Abstract The Raman trace scattering cross-sections for CH stretching vibrations may be described in terms of derivatives of the mean molecular polarizability with respect to the CH stretching internal coordinate. There is, in general, good agreement between values for these parameters obtained from experimental absolute intensity studies and those calculated by ab initio quantum mechanical techniques. One apparent exception to this result is acetylene, for which this derivative is calculated to be significantly smaller than the experimental value when compared with the results for other molecules. We have remeasured the Raman trace and quadrupole scattering cross-sections for acetylene and re-analysed the experimental results within the double harmonic approximation. The obtained parameters fit the experimental results to a high degree of accuracy, and both the measured cross-sections and derived intensity parameters agree well with the previous results. We have also considered the contribution of additional factors to the ab initio predictions. Inclusion of electron correlation causes a significant effect, and the variation in the resulting calculated intensity parameters more nearly corresponds to that for the observed values.
Bovine angiotensin-converting enzyme: Amino-terminal sequence analysis and preliminary characterization of a hybridization-selected primary translation product

Summary Bovine lung angiotensin-converting enzyme was isolated in pure form and the sequence of the first twenty-two NH 2 -terminal amino acids determined. Oligonucleotides, complementary to a selected portion of the NH 2 -terminal amino acid sequence of the bovine glycoprotein ( M r 145,000), were synthesized and used for hybridization selection of angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA. The hybridization-selected mRNA programmed the in vitro synthesis of a single polypeptide ( M r 130,000) that was specifically immunoadsorbed by anti- bovine enzyme antibodies. Preliminary sequence analysis of the primary translation product suggests that bovine angiotensin-converting enzyme is synthesized without a transient NH 2 -terminal signal sequence.
Preparation of a new type of nonstoichiometric rare-earth oxide

Previously unreported partially reduced rare-earth oxides of the type REOχ, 1·450 < x < 1·500, were prepared by vacuum melting the normal rare-earth sesquioxides, RE2O3, and by co-distilling and co-melting the rare-earth metals with their respective sesquioxides. The oxygen-to-metal ratio of these materials was determined from the weight gained upon reoxidation to the sesquioxide, REO1·500. The nature of these materials was explored through X-ray diffraction and density measurements of the cubic (C-type) forms of GdO1·495, YO1·489, and LuO1·485. The X-ray and density data showed that the nonstoichiometry obtained in the partially reduced rare-earth sesquioxides could be attributed entirely to the loss of oxygen from the lattice. The loss of oxygen results in the formation of vacancies which greatly affect the properties of these materials.
AREA OPTIMIZATION OF SPIRAL FLOORPLANS

Floorplan design is the first stage of VLSI layout design and perhaps the most important one. We consider the problem of determining a set of implementations that minimize the total area of spiral floorplans. The best known technique needs O(n3log n) time, O(n3) space and generates O(n3) possible implementations of the floor rectangle. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm for solving the area optimization problem of spiral floorplans. Our algorithm computes the optimal implementations of the basic rectangles in O(n2log n) time and O(n2) space, where each of the five basic rectangles has n implementations. The improvements on both time and space are crucial when multi-level spiral floorplans are considered.
Seventh Berkshire Conference on the History of Women

The Berkshire Conference is unusual among academic meetings because it rep resents not only scholarship on women's history but also goals central to vari ous aspects of the feminist movement. It is held every third year in June at a women's college in the Northeast. The 1987 conference, held at Wellesley Col lege on June 19-21, was attended by more than two thousand scholars and provided an opportunity to consider not only the significance of recent re search, but also the different paths taken by feminist scholars in the past two decades. The theme of the conference, "Beyond the Public/Private Dichoto my: Reassessing Woman's Place in History," produced panel topics covering the widening realms of scholarship on women's lives. The panels highlighted in this review, chosen with the interests of ILWCTTs readers in mind, represent only a fraction of the topics in a three-day conference consisting of almost two hundred sessions on the history of more than half of humanity. Alice Kessler-Harris's keynote address on pay equity or comparable worth introduced themes that were developed in a number of panels, especial ly those on the working class. Entitled "The Just Price, the Free Market, and the Value of Women," the talk was both a reminder to scholars of their re sponsibility to address public issues and an analysis of ways in which overly abstract models of gender differences have been misused both in scholarly analyses of women and in the political arena. Kessler-Harris pointed out that subjective judgements about social hierarchy are embedded in notions of equi ty and the just price. She argued that comparable worth has important impli cations because it challenges abstract definitions based on traditional ideas about gender differences. Redefinitions of equity reveal complexities about gender differences that provide a potential basis for challenging tradition. Several panels explored the importance of the conversation between polit ical engagement and scholarship, which is central to challenging inequality. Reflecting on the history of a movement that contributed to shaping the con ference, a panel on socialist feminism and women's unions featured papers on the Chicago women's liberation movement and the Berkeley Women's Union. The panelists (Karen V. Hansen, Margaret Strobel, Ruth Rosen, and Mari Jo
Improved test methodology for multi-clock domain SoC ATPG testing

This paper proposes a test strategy for improving SoC ATPG testing. On-chip clock controller (OCC) is used to yield better at-speed test coverage and pattern generation. In addition, clock gating structure, coupled with virtual clock grouping constraint is implemented to guide stuck-at ATPG generation process. The proposed solution enables fewer ATPG generation iteration which helps to reduce test pattern count and optimize ATPG run time.
Rescue of signaling by a chimeric protein containing the cytoplasmic domain of CD45

Surface expression of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase is essential for the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) to couple optimally with its second messenger pathways. CD45 may be required to dephosphorylate a TCR-activated protein tyrosine kinase, which then transduces an activation signal from the TCR. A chimeric molecule that contained extracellular and transmembrane sequences from an allele of a major histocompatibility class I molecule and cytoplasmic sequences of CD45 restored TCR signaling in a CD45-deficient mutant T cell line. Thus, expression of the complex extracellular domain of CD45 is not required for the TCR to couple to its signaling machinery.
Testing for synchrotron self-absorption in GRB 970111

The time-resolved spectra of several gamma- ray bursts have shown that near the beginning of the burst, some absorption mechanism makes the spectra inconsistent with the simple optically-thin synchrotron shock model. We t GRB 970111, which shows strong evidence for such absorption, with a synchrotron shock spectra suering self-absorption. The synchrotron self- absorption shape does t the BATSE time-evolving spec- tra, although it may be inconsistent with BeppoSAX WFC data. If the turnover just below the spectral break is due to synchrotron self-absorption, a magnetic eld strength of 4 10 7 G is required.
Depletion of primary cilia in articular chondrocytes results in reduced Gli3 repressor to activator ratio, increased Hedgehog signaling, and symptoms of early osteoarthritis.

Summary Objective Primary cilia are present in almost every cell type including chondrocytes. Studies have shown that defects in primary cilia result in skeletal dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to understand how loss of primary cilia affects articular cartilage. Design Ift88 encodes a protein that is required for intraflagellar transport and formation of primary cilia. In this study, we used Col2aCre;Ift88 fl/fl transgenic mice in which primary cilia were deleted in chondrocytes. Col2aCre;Ift88 fl/fl articular cartilage was characterized by histological staining, real time RT-PCR, and microindentation. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was measured by expression of Ptch1 and Gli1 mRNA. The levels of Gli3 proteins were determined by western blot. Results Col2aCre;Ift88 fl/fl articular cartilage was thicker and had increased cell density, likely due to decreased apoptosis during cartilage remodeling. Mutant articular cartilage also showed increased expression of osteoarthritis (OA) markers including Mmp13 , Adamts5 , ColX , and Runx2 . OA was also evident by reduced stiffness in mutant cartilage as measured by microindentation. Up-regulation of Hh signaling, which has been associated with OA, was present in mutant articular cartilage as measured by expression of Ptch1 and Gli1 . Col2aCre;Ift88 fl/fl cartilage also demonstrated reduced Gli3 repressor to activator ratio. Conclusion Our results indicate that primary cilia are required for normal development and maintenance of articular cartilage. It was shown that primary cilia are required for processing full length Gli3 to the truncated repressor form. We propose that OA symptoms in Col2aCre;Ift88 fl/fl cartilage are due to reduced Hh signal repression by Gli3.
Inducer binding to lac repressor: effects of poly[d(A-T)] and trypsin digestion.

Summary The parameters for inducer association with the tryptic core protein of the lactose repressor have been measured. The second-order rate constant and the equilibrium dissociation constant are unchanged from the native protein. The association rate of interaction for inducer and repressor is also unaffected by the presence of poly[d(A-T)] and/or various Mg++ concentrations. From this information in concert with results of a number of other studies, we offer the hypothesis that the core region of the repressor contains determinants for the specific DNA binding capacity of the protein, while the NH2-terminus possesses primarily nonspecific DNA binding determinants.
Attitudes toward academic service learning semesters: A comparison of business students with non-business students

This study examines the attitudes of university students toward academic service semesters and their interest in participating in them. The findings suggest that students' attitudes toward an urban-based academic service learning program may be multidimensional. Four of the six factors identified in the study as being associated with students' attitudes toward the academic service learning program were found to be related to their level of interest in participating in the program. Interestingly, no evidence was observed which would suggest that business students possess lower attitudes toward academic service learning semesters than non-business majors or that they would be less interested in participating in them.
Effect of Podophyllin on Tumor Cells in Tissue Culture.

Conclusions1. Podophyllin exerts a selective damaging effect on mouse tumor cells in tissue culture over the concentration range 0.08-20.0 mg/1. 2. This damaging effect is more easilv reversible in normal than in tumor cells. 3. Podophyllotoxin is not as effective as podophyllin in causing selective tumor damage. 4. In vivo studies with tumor-bearing mice confirm the selective tumor damaging effects of podophyllin which were first noted in tissue culture preparations.
Growing Buffalo’s capacity for local food: A systems framework for sustainable agriculture

Abstract This paper employs a systems framework to explore sustainable agriculture as a source of food in Buffalo, NY and other Rust Belt cities that exhibit an abundance of abandoned property and vacant lots in core urban areas. Considering land as a common stock proves helpful for determining whether or not a system is sustainable, such that stocks of natural resources are not depleted faster than they can be replenished. By identifying feedback relationships in the local food system, planners and activists in these cities are redesigning their food production and distribution systems to meet the needs of food-insecure residents.
Onyx embolization of anterior condylar confluence dural arteriovenous fistula

The anterior condylar confluence (ACC) is a small complex venous structure located medial to the jugular vein and adjacent to the hypoglossal canal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transvenous Onyx embolization for ACC dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Three patients with ACC DAVF were treated using the Onyx liquid embolic agent with or without detachable coils. Complete angiographic obliteration of the fistulas was achieved in all cases without permanent lower cranial neuropathy. This report suggests that the controlled penetration of Onyx is advantageous in order to obliterate ACC DAVFs with a small amount of embolic material.
Structure and 5′-termini of the large and 19 S RNA transcripts encoded by the cauliflower mosaic virus genome

Abstract Cauliflower mosaic virus-infected leaves accumulate two major RNA species late in infection—a 19 S RNA and a large RNA transcript. We have found that the large transcript is approximately full genome length. The 3′-end of the large transcript is located at or near a site corresponding to the 3′-end of the 19 S RNA. The 5′-end of the large transcript maps near its own 3′-end and only about 100 bp downstream from the terminator codon for coding region VI. The 5′-end of the large transcropt is situated at the beginning of the large intergenic region, about 600 bp upstream from the single-strand break in the transcribed viral DNA strand. The location of this site is of particular interest because it suggests that synthesis of the large transcript proceeds across the DNA break site. The 5′-end of the 19 S RNA maps in the small intergenic region between coding regions V and VI about 20–30 bp upstream from the initiation codon for coding region VI. By comparing the transcription initiation sites to DNA sequences for the CaMV genome, it can be shown that TATATAA sequences lie 20–30 bp upstream from the 5′-ends of both the 19 S and large transcripts.
A Review of “Suicidal Intent” Within the Existing Suicide Literature

The results of a systematic literature review that investigated suicide intent are presented. Of the 44 relevant articles identified, 17 investigated the relationships between various suicide risk factors and suicide intent and 25 publications investigated the relationships between suicide intent and various suicide outcomes. Despite recent advancements in the definition and nomological validity of suicide intent, a high degree of variability in the empirical measurement and analysis of suicide intent was found. Such variability limits future research related to measuring suicidal risk and outcomes, reporting suicide intent, or the meaningful comparison of diagnostic approaches or treatments across multiple studies.
Thermally actuated, bistable, oxide/silicon/metal membranes

Thermally actuated, bistable, snapping membranes have been fabricated on a silicon wafer and tested. Nonlinear finite element analysis has been used to gain an understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of these devices. A unique feature of these membranes is that they buckle downward with an increase in temperature beyond a critical value, and remain in the downward buckled state as the temperature decreases back to its initial value. The demonstration devices consist of 2 mm2, 3–4 µm thick silicon membranes with a 1 µm thick layer of silicon dioxide grown on one side and a 3 µm thick layer of aluminum deposited onto the other side. The critical snapping temperature range is measured to be 55 °C ± 5 °C. The snapping temperature is varied by changing the membrane dimensions and/or the materials used to realize the composite membrane structure. Applications to thermal actuation devices and temperature indicators are envisioned.
Patients respond more positively to physicians who focus on their ideal affect.

Previous findings suggest that patients choose physicians whose affective focus matches how they ideally want to feel (Sims et al., 2014). For instance, the more people wanted to feel excitement, the more likely they were to hypothetically choose a new physician who promoted excitement. What remains unknown is whether this match shapes how patients actually respond to physicians after being assigned to them (i.e., whether they adhere to physicians’ recommendations more and evaluate physicians more positively). To this end, community adults reported their global ideal affect and actual affect (how they ideally want to feel and actually feel during a typical week, respectively), and were randomly assigned to receive health recommendations from either a physician who expressed and promoted high arousal positive states (HAP) (e.g., excitement), or one who expressed and promoted low arousal positive states (LAP) (e.g., calm). For the next 5 days, participants reported their daily adherence to the recommendations and their daily ideal and actual affect. At the end of the week, participants evaluated their physician. As predicted, the more participants wanted to feel HAP, the more they adhered to the “HAP-focused” physician’s recommendations, and the more participants wanted to feel LAP, the more they adhered to the “LAP-focused” physician’s recommendations. Participants also evaluated their physician more positively when his affective focus matched their ideal affect. Neither global nor daily actual affect systematically predicted how patients responded to their physicians. These findings suggest that patients respond better to physicians whose affective focus matches their ideal affect.
Machine Learning for Rocket Propulsion Health Monitoring

This paper describes the initial results of applying two machine-learning-based unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms, Orca and GritBot, to data from two rocket propulsion testbeds. The first testbed uses historical data from the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The second testbed uses data from an experimental rocket engine test stand located at NASA Stennis Space Center. The paper describes four candidate anomalies detected by the two algorithms.
Scatology and the Sacred in Milton's Paradise Lost

AbstractIn his classic study, The Dialectics of Creation, Michael Lieb foregrounds the myriad ways in which Milton uses scatology throughout Paradise Lost to describe the depravity of the devil. But Satan is not the only character in the epic to be associated with excretion. Milton's angels and Milton's God are also implicated in the operations of the lower bodily stratum. In these instances, however, allusions to the evacuative functions attest to an exalted divinity rather than a disgusting diabolism. Evacuation in Paradise Lost is thus a highly complex signifier. Not simply a pejorative pointing inevitably at a damnable degradation, scatology can also signal a sublime goodness. This essay draws upon humoral theory and socio‐cultural studies of manners to both emphasize and account for the richly multivalent meaning of evacuation in Milton's epic.
Gas-phase pulsed power switches

A review of plasma science that is related to gas-phase pulsed power switching is presented. Switch plasmas include uniform glow-type plasmas and constricted arc-type plasmas, and the science involves understanding transport processes in hydrogen, helium, metal vapor, and other plasmas, and electrode processes including limitations related to cathode emission and sheaths. Gas-phase pulsed power switches include spark gaps, vacuum, metal vapor, and low-pressure glow-type switches. The review concludes that the understanding of microscopic processes and plasma electrode interactions is somewhat limited, and that to facilitate the development of efficient, reliable pulsed power devices, there is considerable need for a deeper understanding. >
Polarimetric radar imagery of the ocean at low grazing angles under atmospheric conditions of variable stability

Radar has been used from airborne and space platforms to monitor ocean surface effects, e.g., ocean surface and internal waves, currents, and pollution (oil patches). Polarimetric imaging radar is an emerging tool for remote sensing of the oceanic surface because different polarizations are sensitive to different surface phenomena. Polarimetric radar images of ocean areas obtained at low grazing angles with a Russian airborne real-aperture K/sub u/-band radar at New York Bight in July 1992 were analyzed. A negative temperature gradient existed in the atmospheric surface layer, causing convective motions that control the distribution of echo spikes at each polarization. The most unusual aspect of low grazing angle radar imagery at K-, and X-bands wavelengths is the extreme sensitivity of the VV-polarization imagery to the atmospheric stability. Air-sea flux variability on horizontal scales from 100 m to several km results from the presence of coherent convective structures within the atmospheric boundary layer. The horizontal distribution of fluxes within these convective vertical motions is central to studies of air-sea interaction and remote sensing of sea surface wind and wave fields. >
Investigating linguistic knowledge in a maximum entropy token-based language model

We present a novel language model capable of incorporating various types of linguistic information as encoded in the form of a token, a (word, label)-tuple. Using tokens as hidden states, our model is effectively a hidden Markov model (HMM) producing sequences of words with trivial output distributions. The transition probabilities, however, are computed using a maximum entropy model to take advantage of potentially overlapping features. We investigated different types of labels with a wide range of linguistic implications. These models outperform Kneser-Ney smoothed n-gram models both in terms of perplexity on standard datasets and in terms of word error rate for a large vocabulary speech recognition system.
Online convex programming and generalized infinitesimal gradient ascent

Convex programming involves a convex set F ⊆ Rn and a convex cost function c : F → R. The goal of convex programming is to find a point in F which minimizes c. In online convex programming, the convex set is known in advance, but in each step of some repeated optimization problem, one must select a point in F before seeing the cost function for that step. This can be used to model factory production, farm production, and many other industrial optimization problems where one is unaware of the value of the items produced until they have already been constructed. We introduce an algorithm for this domain. We also apply this algorithm to repeated games, and show that it is really a generalization of infinitesimal gradient ascent, and the results here imply that generalized infinitesimal gradient ascent (GIGA) is universally consistent.
Incisional wound healing in transforming growth factor-β1 null mice

Expression of endogenous transforming growth factor-beta1 is reduced in many animal models of impaired wound healing, and addition of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta has been shown to improve healing. To test the hypothesis that endogenous transforming growth factor-beta1 is essential for normal wound repair, we have studied wound healing in mice in which the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene has been deleted by homologous recombination. No perceptible differences were observed in wounds made in 3-10-day-old neonatal transforming growth factor-beta1 null mice compared to wild-type littermates. To preclude interference from maternally transferred transforming growth factor-beta1, cutaneous wounds were also made on the backs of 30-day-old transforming growth factor-beta1 null and littermate control mice treated with rapamycin, which extends their lifetime and suppresses the inflammatory response characteristic of the transforming growth factor-beta1 null mice. Again, no impairment in healing was seen in transforming growth factor-beta1 null mice. Instead these wounds showed an overall reduction in the amount of granulation tissue and an increased rate of epithelialization compared to littermate controls. Our data suggest that release of transforming growth factor-beta1 from degranulating platelets or secretion by infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts is not critical to initiation or progression of tissue repair and that endogenous transforming growth factor-beta1 may actually function to increase inflammation and retard wound closure.