cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the effectiveness of team teaching compared to traditional teaching of health to high school sophomore students.

Abstract This study compared the effectiveness of team teaching and traditional teaching methods in increasing the health knowledge of 114 sophomore high school health students. To determine the difference between the methods, the following groups were analyzed: (a) girls and boys combined, (b) girls separately, (c) boys separately, (d) girls and boys of superior mental abilities, (e) girls and boys of average mental abilities, and (f) girls and boys of below-average mental abilities. All students participating in the study were given the Shaw Health Knowledge Test as a pretest and final test. Although the groups taught by the team-teaching method showed a greater increase in health knowledge than those taught by the traditional method, only the students of superior mental ability taught by the team-teaching method showed a statistically significant gain according to an analysis of variance.
Macroexpansion methodology : Medium ring synthesis based on an eight unit ring expansion process

Abstract Treatment of 1,2-( E,E )-di(1-buta-1,3-dienyl)cyclohexanol ( 21 ) with potassium hydride in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature resulted in the facile formation of a 14 -membered ring dienolate which on kinetic protonation provided cyclotetradeca-3,5,7-trien-1-one. This novel rearrangement which provides the basis for an efficient, eight unit ring expansion method was also observed when 5,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1,3,7,9-decapentaene ( 28 ), the acyclic analogue of 21 , was treated with potassium hydride in tetrahydrofuran. Methodology for the preparation of 21 and 28 including the preparation of 1-lithio-1,3-butadiene is also described.
The 206Pb(t, p)208Pb and 210Pb(p, t)208Pb reactions at 20 MeV

Abstract The 206Pb(t, p)208Pb and 210Pb(p, t)208Pb reactions have been studied at 20 MeV up to an excitation of 6.75 MeV in the (p, t) reaction and up to 8.5 MeV in the (t, p) reaction. Angular distributions of 10°-80° are observed in both reactions. The spin and parity of about thirty states have been tentatively identified from their angular distribution patterns and by comparison of the cross sections measured in the (p, t), (t, p), (p, p′), and (d, p) reactions. Pairing-vibrational states (0+) and 2+) are identified and the presence of a proton pairing vibrational state (0+) at 5.24 MeV is suggested by the data. Two-neutron transfer DWBA cross sections were calculated for about 50 states using one-particle, one-hole wavefunctions calculated by Kuo. These wavefunctions were characterized by having appreciable parentage in the valence neutron particle (hole) configurations of 210Pb(206Pb). Tentative identification with observed states allows a quantitative comparison. The strongly populated pairing-vibrational states are compared with DWBA calculations using the valence neutron wavefunctions of True and Ford, and Redlich for 206 Pb and 210Pb. Discrepancies are discussed in terms of mixing with the analogs of higher lying 2+ states in 210Pb and in terms of the two-particle, two-hole wavefunctions.
Gravin-mediated PKC signaling in heart (LB571)

Gravin is an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP) that scaffolds protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatase 2B, β2-adrenergic receptors to specific subcellular compartments. Studies show that scaffolding of PKC by gravin decreases PKC activity due to sequestration. Also, PKC is involved in the translocation and distribution of gravin. Our goal is to study the role of gravin in PKC signaling in the heart. Basal PKC activity in the cytosolic fractions of the homogenized hearts was found to be greater in gravin truncated (t/t) mice as compared to wild type (WT). This correlation was preserved following stimulation of the samples with a PKC activator, PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). However, no change was observed in the extent of PKC substrate phosphorylation between these groups. It supports previous studies that PKC scaffolding by gravin decreases PKC activity. The next step is to study the effect of PKC on gravin translocation in cardiomyocytes using PKC activator PMA and inhibitor ch...
On the Local Eigenvalue Spacings for Certain Anderson-Bernoulli Hamiltonians

The aim of this work is to extend the results from Bourgain (On eigenvalue spacings for the 1D Anderson model with singular site distribution) on local eigenvalue spacings to certain 1D lattice Schrodinger with a Bernoulli potential. We assume the disorder satisfies a certain algebraic condition that enables one to invoke the recent results from Bourgain (An application of group expansion to the Anderson-Bernoulli model. Preprint) on the regularity of the density of states. In particular we establish Poisson local eigenvalue statistics in those models.
Comparing traditional and fuzzy-set solutions to Q, r inventory systems with discrete lead-time distributions

Using a previously published approach to computing Q, r policies for an inventory system with uncertain parameters described by fuzzy sets, we compare thee methods for specifying lead-time demand for four different empirically-specified, non-normal distributions of replenishment lead time. This general distribution of lead time results in a situation in which the distribution of demand over the lead time, or lead-time demand LTD, is not easily specified. We compare Q, r policies generated by using a traditional normal approximation to LTD, a fuzzy-set approximation, and the optimal policy computed via a simulation-optimization approach that utilizes the explicit LTD distribution. We show that, on average, the results from the fuzzy-set model are significantly more accurate than the traditional normal approximation, especially when the LTD distribution is highly skewed.
Interaction of Warning Label Features: Determining the Contributions of Three Warning Characteristics

Warning label features such as signal words, typefaces, and color, have largely been evaluated independently of one another. Despite the statistically significant findings resulting from virtually every experiment involving these warning features, the literature has yet to address the larger issue of how these features interact when all three are present. The present effort evaluated the interaction of three different warning features to identify the extent to which each feature contributes to the perception of product hazard. These features included: signal word, legibility, and color. A sample of 34 participants rated the level of perceived hazard associated with labels that depicted the factorial combinations of two products, three signal words (DANGER, CAUTION, NOTICE), two levels of legibility (Helvetica and Arabia), and four colors (red, orange, green, and black). The data revealed significant main effects for each factor and a significant three-way interaction. The interaction indicated that in con...
Effect of Direction of Pressure Change on Obtaining Airtight Seals in Tympanometry

To determine the effect of change in pressure direction on obtaining a seal during tympanometry, an ascending approach (-/+) was attempted when the traditional, descending approach (+/-) was unsuccessful in maintaining an airtight seal. Results revealed that a seal was achieved using the ascending direction in twelve ears when the descending method failed; in only four ears, neither method was successful.
Enforced expression of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase I confers resistance to nucleoside analogues in vitro but systemic chemotherapy toxicity precludes in vivo selection.

Purpose: Retroviral transfer of cDNA sequences that confer drug resistance can be used to protect against chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic toxicity and for the selective expansion of gene-modified cells. To successfully expand genetically engineered cells in vivo, an appropriate balance must be achieved between systemic toxicity induced by the selecting agent and the expansion of modified cells. Method: In this study, we investigate retroviral transfer of cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase I (cN-I) for protection and selection of gene-modified cells when treated with 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone and in combination. We also attempt to design a treatment strategy for the potential in vivo selection of cN-I-modified cells by administering 5-FU to mice prior to 2-CdA treatment. Results: Our results show that cN-I can be transferred by recombinant retroviruses, and that enforced expression of cN-I protects murine fibroblast and hematopoietic progenitor cells from the cytotoxic effects of 2-CdA and/or 5-FU. Furthermore, we show that the combined administration of 5-FU and 2-CdA potentiates hematopoietic stem cell toxicity. However, the treatment also results in severe myelosuppression. Conclusion: These results show that while cN-I provides both protective and selective benefits to gene-modified cells in vitro, selection requires a treatment strategy that is likely too toxic to consider cN-I as an in vivo selectable marker
Endoscopic harvest of saphenous vein: a lesson learned from 1,348 cases.

Background Endoscopic harvest of saphenous vein is a relatively new technique developed to minimize the wound and postoperative complications. This technique has gained patients’ acceptance and become popular in cardiac surgical practices. Because most centers have limited experience with this approach, the authors summarize the clinical profiles of patients undergoing endoscopic vessel harvest (EVH).
Characterization of in vivo strain in the rat tibia during external application of a four-point bending load.

Abstract This paper describes a technique for characterizing strains and stresses induced in vivo in the rat tibia during application of an external four-point bending load. An external load was applied through the muscle and soft tissue with a four-point bending device, to induce strain in a 11 mm section of the right tibiae of ten adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Induced strains were measured in vivo on the lateral surface of the tibia. Inter-rat difference, leg positioning and strain gage placement were evaluated as sources of variability of applied strains. Beam bending theory was used to predict externally induced in vivo strains. Finite element analysis was used to quantify the magnitude of shear stresses induced by this type of loading. There was a linear relationship between applied load and induced in vivo strains. In vivo strains induced by external loading were linearly correlated (R2=0.87) with the strains calculated using beam bending theory. The finite element analysis predicted shear stresses at less than 10% of the longitudinal stresses resulting from four-point bending. Strains predicted along the tibia by finite element analysis and beam bending theory were well-correlated. Inter-rat variability due to tibial size and shape difference was the most important source of variation in induced strain (CV=21.6%). Leg positioning was less important (CV=9.5%).
Sampling from highway crash populations

The problem of obtaining unbiased estimates using samples from sequential populations is examined using Monte Carlo simulation. These sequential populations are composed of superposed renewal processes. One example of a sequential population is the population of highway crashes within a geographic area over a specific time period. The simulation results indicate that samples at fixed or random count intervals provide unbiased estimates of the proportion of elements from each subpopulation, whereas samples at specific times which are defined at fixed or random time intervals result in biased estimates. A multiple regression analysis showed this bias to be related to the actual subpopulation proportions and the difference in the relvariances (squared coefficient of variation) of the subpopulation interarrival times. The results are shown to apply to an actual population of highway crashes obtained from a midwstern county over a one year time period.
Pancreatic Fat Content and β-Cell Function in Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: Response to Tushuizen et al.

We read the recent paper by Tushuizen et al. (1) with interest. In that study, the authors measured pancreatic fat content by use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 12 type 2 diabetic and 24 nondiabetic men and examined the relationship between pancreatic fat content and β-cell function. They report a negative correlation between pancreatic fat and a measure of β-cell function in nondiabetic controlsubjects (but not individuals with type 2 diabetes) and conclude that “pancreatic lipid content may contribute to β-cell dysfunction and possibly to the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in susceptible humans.” We respectfully suggest that the report contains insufficient evidence …
Further observations concerning hypofunction of the adrenals during early life; salt and water hormone deficiency.

I N A recent publication, I a theory of physiologic hypofunction of the adrenal glands during" early life was presented. The possibility that latent hypoadrenalism of a temporary nature may present clinical manifestations during early infancy has been long" entertained but has lacked a demonstration sufficiently convincing to be accepted. Only a few publications were found which describe the use of adrenal hormones during early infancy. 2-s In these reports the adrenal hormones were used empirically. With the exception of four cases of macrogenitosomia, ~11a patients with Addison's disease, I~ a few reports of adrenal tumors, and cases of WaterhouseFriderichsen syndrome, there have been, to my knowledge, no cases of adrenal insufficiency during infancy which have been definitely proved. The purpose of this paper is threefold: I. To re-emphasize the necessity for the pediatrician to acquaint himself with the life-sustaining functions of the adrenal glands; and to think of the possibility of temporary hypofunction of these glands when dealing w~th infants during early life who present symptoms of protracted gastrointestinal disturbances, who fail to gain weight, who have an unexplained tendency to dehydration, and who respond unsatisfactori]y to the accepted therapeutic measures. 2. To present cases which I think demonstrate adequate proof of the e• ence of a fractional and transitory disturbance in adrenal function. 3. To describe a syndrome which is characteristic of this deficiency. The patients described in the following cause reports present symptoms of vomiting, failure to gain weight, and periods of unexplained dehydration a<tcompanied by ~nges in the blood chemistry that are commonly associated with adrenal insuf ~ncy. Each patient has had one or more hospitalizations, which clearly rew ~ the need of adrenal hormone therapy. A brief summary precedes the _oaf d report of each case.
Possible evidence of an anomalous enhancement in thermal conductivity due to magnon conductivity

Abstract Experiments on the termal conductivity on Co[(NH2)2CS]4Cl2 are reported which show an enhanced conductivity below the Neel temperature. Comment is made on the validity of theoretical predictions of such behavior.
Fractionation by zonal centrifugation of brain of normal rats and rats treated with morphine.

Abstract The brains of normal or treated rats were homogenized by explosive nitrogen decompression. The homogenate was fractionated using a sucrose-Ficoll gradient in a B-XXIX zonal centrifuge rotor. Three characteristic peaks of subcellular particulate were routinely obtained from normal rat brains. Brains from rats treated with morphine routinely contained only two of the particulate peaks. The location of peak activities of acetylcholin-esterase and acid phosphatase were shifted in morphine-treated animals.
New Tools for Quantifying HIV-1 Reservoirs: Plasma RNA Single Copy Assays and Beyond

Quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA below the limit of FDA-approved assays by a single copy quantitative PCR assays (SCA) has provided significant insights into HIV-1 persistence despite potent antiretroviral therapy as well as a means to assess the impact of therapeutic strategies, such as treatment intensification, on residual viremia. In this review, we discuss insights gained from plasma HIV-1 RNA SCA and highlight the need for additional assays to characterize better the cellular and tissue reservoirs of HIV-1. Accurate, reproducible, and sensitive assays to quantify HIV-1 reservoirs, before and after therapeutic interventions, are essential tools in the quest for a cure of HIV-1 infection.
The role of the cysteine residue in the chaperone and anti‐apoptotic functions of human Hsp27

The small heat shock protein Hsp27 is a molecular chaperone and an anti-apoptotic protein. Human Hsp27 has one cysteine residue at position 137. We investigated the role of this cysteine residue in the chaperone and anti-apoptotic functions of Hsp27 by mutating the cysteine residue to an alanine (Hsp27(C137A)) and comparing it to wild-type protein (Hsp27(WT)). Both proteins were multi-subunit oligomers, but subunits of Hsp27(WT) were disulfide-linked unlike those of Hsp27(C137A), which were monomeric. Hsp27(C137A) was indistinguishable from Hsp27(WT) with regard to its secondary structure, surface hydrophobicity, oligomeric size and chaperone function. S-thiolation and reductive methylation of the cysteine residue had no apparent effect on the chaperone function of Hsp27(WT). The anti-apoptotic function of Hsp27(C137A) and Hsp27(WT) was studied by overexpressing them in CHO cells. No difference in the caspase-3 or -9 activity was observed in staurosporine-treated cells. The rate of apoptosis between Hsp27(C137A) and Hsp27(WT) overexpressing cells was similar whether the cells were treated with staurosporine or etoposide. However, the mutant protein was less protective relative to the wild-type protein in preventing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation and apoptosis induced by 1 mM H(2)O(2) in CHO and HeLa cells. These data demonstrate that in human Hsp27, disulfide formation by the lone cysteine does not affect its chaperone function and anti-apoptotic function against chemical toxicants. However, oxidation of the lone cysteine in Hsp27 might at least partially affect the anti-apoptotic function against oxidative stress.
Parental certainty, subsistence and inheritance revisited

In a recent article Gaulin argues that human males did not usually invest in the offspring of their spouses until the Neolithic revolution created conditions favoring higher degrees of male parental certainty. He tests this conjecture by using coded cross-cultural data on extant human groups. This paper examines the methodology of Gaulin's tests and argues that his misuse of the holocultural data invalidates the results he obtained and leaves his conjectures with no support.
Growth, survival and feed efficiency for post-metamorphosed atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reared at different temperatures

Abstract Two growth trials were completed on post-metamorphosed Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) for a period of four weeks to determine the optimal temperature for best growth and feed efficiency. The same experiment was repeated twice under similar conditions to determine the effect of four temperature regimes (10, 12, 14 and 16 °C) on randomly selected juvenile cod with an initial weight ranging from 0.34 to 0.51 g. Post-metamorphosed cod grown at 14 and 16 °C were significantly larger at the end of the experiments than the fish grown at 10 or 12 °C, with specific growth rates following a similar trend ( p p G / d T max ) in experiment II suggest that the feed efficiency was likely maximized at a lower temperature than those used in this study. By using data collected from sub-samples of fish in experiment II, maximum growth ( G max ) was estimated at 14.5 °C using a growth temperature model. Cannibalism was a problem in the first experiment but was greatly reduced in experiment II by feeding a larger size feed pellet (2 mm).
Interleukin 3 activity in tumor-bearing hosts: decreased splenocyte production of and responsiveness to IL 3.

A kinetic study assessing the relationship between tumor growth and the ability of BALB/c mouse splenocytes to produce Interleukin 3 (IL 3) indicated a concomitant decrease in IL 3 activity with tumor growth. Tumor-bearing host (TBH) splenocytes producd 600 pmoles/hr/108 cells of IL 3 activity at Day 0 but only 62 pmoles/hr/108 cells by Day 28 post tumor cell inoculation. Nylon wool fractionation (to remove adherent suppressor cells) did not restore IL 3 activity. Addition of purified IL 3 to mitogen proliferation assays showed that IL 3 alone was mitogenic for normal host but not TBH splenocytes. In concert with concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin, IL 3 augmented in vitro normal host splenocyte responsiveness but significantly further suppressed it in the TBH. An absorption assay indicated that fresh cells had acceptors to remove IL 3 from supernatants. Con A-induced normal or TBH blast cells lost their ability to absorb IL 3. Intravenous inoculation of purified IL 3 into normal and TBH resulte...
Size distributions of particulate contaminants in wastewater and their impact on treatability

Abstract Particle size information, derived from membrane separation of wastewater samples and quantification of solids and organic content, is used to examine particulate contaminants in wastewater in terms of size distributions and biological treatability. Field and bench-scale studies of aerobic and anaerobic biological processes provide a basis for determining the conditions under which influent particle size distributions influence process kinetics. The value of using pretreatment processes to modify particle size distributions is investigated for high-rate and conventional biological treatment processes. The utility of particle size information for design and process evaluation, as an adjunct to conventional wastewater characterization parameters, is discussed, particularly for municipal wastewater treatment and reuse.
Detection and Discrimination of Cotton Foreign Matter Using Push-Broom Based Hyperspectral Imaging: System Design and Capability

Cotton quality, a major factor determining both cotton profitability and marketability, is affected by not only the overall quantity of but also the type of the foreign matter. Although current commercial instruments can measure the overall amount of the foreign matter, no instrument can differentiate various types of foreign matter. The goal of this study was to develop a hyperspectral imaging system to discriminate major types of foreign matter in cotton lint. A push-broom based hyperspectral imaging system with a custom-built multi-thread software was developed to acquire hyperspectral images of cotton fiber with 15 types of foreign matter commonly found in the U.S. cotton lint. A total of 450 (30 replicates for each foreign matter) foreign matter samples were cut into 1 by 1 cm2 pieces and imaged on the lint surface using reflectance mode in the spectral range from 400-1000 nm. The mean spectra of the foreign matter and lint were extracted from the user-defined region-of-interests in the hyperspectral images. The principal component analysis was performed on the mean spectra to reduce the feature dimension from the original 256 bands to the top 3 principal components. The score plots of the 3 principal components were used to examine clusterization patterns for classifying the foreign matter. These patterns were further validated by statistical tests. The experimental results showed that the mean spectra of all 15 types of cotton foreign matter were different from that of the lint. Nine types of cotton foreign matter formed distinct clusters in the score plots. Additionally, all of them were significantly different from each other at the significance level of 0.05 except brown leaf and bract. The developed hyperspectral imaging system is effective to detect and classify cotton foreign matter on the lint surface and has the potential to be implemented in commercial cotton classing offices.
Ontological relativity and the inscrutability of reference

The combination of all three leads, of course, to an impossible ethics. The conjunction of Justificationism and Skepticism, thus, leads to the denial of Rational Ethics; the conjunction of Skepticism with Rational Ethics leads to non-Justificationism-and the conjunction of Justificationism with Rational Ethics leads to non-Skepticism. Cynicism = Justificationism and Skepticism Non-Justificationism = Skepticism and Rational Ethics Positivism = Rational Ethics and Justificationism.
Measurement of envelope/phase path delay skew and envelope path bandwidth in polar transmitters

Polar transmitters are desirable for portable devices due to higher power efficiency they provide compared to traditional Cartesian transmitters. However, the difference in architecture results in differences in potential circuit impairments/fault models, leading to different test/measurement/calibration requirements. The delay skew between the envelope and phase signals and the finite envelope bandwidth can create inter modulation distortion that leads to the violation of the spectral mask and error vector magnitude (EVM) requirements. Therefore, measurement and compensation/calibration of these parameters are important to ensure proper operation for the polar transmitter. In this paper, we propose a technique to measure the delay skew and the finite envelope bandwidth based on the measurement of the 3rd order inter modulation distortion (IMD3) at the output of the transmitter. First, a two-tone input at a sufficiently low frequency is applied to the transmitter baseband input to calculate the delay. Then, we apply another two-tone input at a relatively higher frequency to determine the envelope bandwidth. Simulation and hardware measurement results show that the proposed technique can characterize the targeted impairments in the polar transmitter accurately within 10ms which is negligible compared to signal source switching and settling times.
Acceptor dependent polaron recombination dynamics in poly 3-hexyl thiophene: Fullerene composite films

Abstract Recombination in poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) blends with five fullerene acceptors was resolved with temperature-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy. Recombination rates were temperature and acceptor dependent with differing timescales originating from acceptor functionalization and fullerene size. Acceptors with increasing numbers of sidechains (bis > mono > C 60 ) or decreasing fullerene size (C 60 70 80 ) exhibit slower recombination. The recombination kinetics was correlated to average distance between the fullerene cage and donor site with functionalized moieties acting as dielectric shields to hinder recombination. Three commonly used differential models were evaluated to describe the data. The quantitative failure of these models suggests a microscopic approach (e.g., Monte–Carlo) is needed to quantitatively model the dynamics.
The Thermodynamic Treatment of Chemical Equilibria in Systems Composed of Real Gases. II. A Relation for the Heat of Reaction Applied to the Ammonia Synthesis Reaction. The Energy and Entropy Constants for Ammonia.

From the two adjustable constants obtained by the authors' treatment of the data on the ammonia synthesis equilibrium, there are calculated the energy and entropy constants for gaseous ammonia referred to the energy and entropy of hydrogen and nitrogen as having the value zero at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 1 atmosphere. The energy constant for ammonia is -10058.1 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-calories per mole and the entropy constant -16.6491 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-calories per degree C per mole.Values of the usual thermodynamic function at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 1 atmosphere are given in this system for hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia.A rational and simple relation is given for the variation with both pressure and temperature of $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$, the heat absorbed in a chemical reaction at constant pressure in systems composed of real gases. Values of this heat are computed for several pressures and temperatures for the ammonia synthesis reaction.
RX J1856–3754: Evidence for a Stiff Equation of State

We have examined the soft X-ray plus optical/UV spectrum of the nearby isolated neutron star RX J1856-3754, comparing it with detailed models of a thermally emitting surface. Like previous investigators, we find that the spectrum is best fitted by a two-temperature blackbody model. In addition, our simulations constrain the allowed viewing geometry from the observed pulse fraction upper limits. These simulations show that RX J1856-3754 is very likely to be a normal young pulsar, with the nonthermal radio beam missing Earth's line of sight. The spectral energy distribution limits on the model parameter space put a strong constraint on the star's M/R. At the measured parallax distance, the allowed range for MNS = 1.5 M☉ is RNS = 13.7 ± 0.6 km. Under this interpretation, the equation of state (EOS) is relatively stiff near nuclear density, and the quark star EOS posited in some previous studies is strongly excluded. The data also constrain the surface T distribution over the polar cap.
Oscillations in sensorimotor cortex in movement disorders: an electrocorticography study.

Movement disorders of basal ganglia origin may arise from abnormalities in synchronized oscillatory activity in a network that includes the basal ganglia, thalamus and motor cortices. In humans, much has been learned from the study of basal ganglia local field potentials recorded from temporarily externalized deep brain stimulator electrodes. These studies have led to the theory that Parkinson's disease has characteristic alterations in the beta frequency band (13–30 Hz) in the basal ganglia–thalamocortical network. However, different disorders have rarely been compared using recordings in the same structure under the same behavioural conditions, limiting straightforward assessment of current hypotheses. To address this, we utilized subdural electrocorticography to study cortical oscillations in the three most common movement disorders: Parkinson's disease, primary dystonia and essential tremor. We recorded local field potentials from the arm area of primary motor and sensory cortices in 31 subjects using strip electrodes placed temporarily during routine surgery for deep brain stimulator placement. We show that: (i) primary motor cortex broadband gamma power is increased in Parkinson's disease compared with the other conditions, both at rest and during a movement task; (ii) primary motor cortex high beta (20–30 Hz) power is increased in Parkinson's disease during the ‘stop’ phase of a movement task; (iii) the alpha–beta peaks in the motor and sensory cortical power spectra occur at higher frequencies in Parkinson's disease than in the other two disorders; and (iv) patients with dystonia have impaired movement-related beta band desynchronization in primary motor and sensory cortices. The findings support the emerging hypothesis that disease states reflect abnormalities in synchronized oscillatory activity. This is the first study of sensorimotor cortex local field potentials in the three most common movement disorders. * Abbreviations : M1 : primary motor cortex S1 : primary sensory cortex UPDRS : Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
Gold(I) Pyrenyls: Excited-State Consequences of Carbon−Gold Bond Formation

Two 1-pyrenyl derivatives of gold(I) have been prepared by base-promoted transmetalation of 1-pyreneboronic acid. Triplet-state luminescence observed from the new complexes at 77 K is assigned to a pyrene π−π* state.
A New Flexible and Multi-Purpose System Design for 3-Dimensional Printing

A new type of Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) machine based on Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language has been developed to construct hydrogel scaffolds and porous structures. The system comprises three servo motors, three motor drives, three appropriate optical linear encoders, digital/analogue input and output interfaces, an air pressure control system, a UV light device, a hot plate, and a nozzle with dispensing controller. In this study, the system was connected into a PC to act as a high-performance servo controller for monitoring the control of a three axis x-y-z moving arms. The printing procedures were repeated layer-by-layer to form a 3D structure. A biocompatible and thermosensitive material, PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymer, has been printed by this new three-dimensional direct printing machine and the experimental results are discussed with respect to potential applications. Our novel SFF printing system has some advantages over other commercial SFF machines, which includes: 1. Changeable printing nozzles for materials with different viscosities. 2. Re-constructible system setup for different printing purposes. 3. Capability for heterogeneous printing. 4. User-friendly software development 5. Economic system design. The study of the hardware and software and their integration are described and its new heterogeneous printing algorithm is discussed for multiple purpose uses. The integrated software has been developed to link all components of the control system together and it is easy to adapt to different applications.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A dial-a-ride problem for client transportation in a health-care organization

Abstract We propose a double request dial-a-ride model with soft time windows and its application to the CAB Health and Recovery Services, Inc., a non-profit organization in the Boston Metropolitan area for the purpose of addressing the CAB clients’ transportation needs. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize a convex combination of total vehicle transportation costs and total clients’ inconvenience time. The latter consists of excess riding time, early/late delivery time before service and late pickup time after service. The proposed model was used to compare the benefits of coordination and central dispatching over the current system under which individual centers of the organization schedule their own clients’ appointments and route their own vehicles.
Quasiprimitivity and quasigroups

It is well known that Q is a simple quasigroup if and only if Mlt Q acts primitively on Q. Here we show that Q is a simple quasigroup if and only if Mlt Q acts quasiprimitively on Q, and that Q is a simple right quasigroup if and only if RMlt Q acts quasiprimitively on Q.
Oxygen isotope disequilibrium between quartz and sanidine from the Bandelier Tuff, New Mexico, consistent with a short residence time of phenocrysts in rhyolitic magma

Abstract Oxygen isotope analyses are reported from co-existing quartz and feldspar from the Bandelier Tuff and Cerro Toledo high-silica rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits erupted from the Valles caldera, New Mexico. Quartz shows little variation outside analytical error, but δ 18 O in feldspar varies over >1‰. In most samples, 18 O/ 16 O fractionation between quartz and feldspar is significantly less than is predicted for equilibrium at temperatures appropriate for rhyolitic magma. In the Tshirege (upper) Member of the Bandelier Tuff, isotopic fractionation between mineral pairs is close to equilibrium in the later erupted ignimbrite, but non-equilibrium in the initial Plinian deposit. These relationships are interpreted in terms of a model where most phenocrysts are derived from a highly porphyritic carapace around the magma chamber that was disrupted by eruption, thus scattering crystals throughout the magma. Carapace quartz and feldspar are initially isotopically lighter than the bulk aphyric magma, due to chemical communication with low-δ 18 O country rock in the meteoric/hydrothermal system surrounding the chamber. We assume that quartz and feldspar were initially in isotopic equilibrium. Diffusive re-equilibration of crystals begins when the carapace disintegrates and the minerals are immersed in the bulk magma just prior to and during eruption. Feldspar is isotopically lighter than quartz at equilibrium, but responds more rapidly than quartz to an external change, due to a higher diffusion coefficient for oxygen. Hence, immersion in the isotopically heavier bulk magma causes feldspar and quartz δ 18 O values to initially converge over ∼10 2 years, and then diverge over 10 3 –10 4 years as first feldspar, and then quartz, re-equilibrate with the new magma. Higher δ 18 O variability of feldspar than quartz indicates that the shorter timescale applies to the Bandelier and Cerro Toledo rhyolites. Two important implications of this interpretation are (1) that the Bandelier magmas developed in an aphyric condition, and their porphyritic character is an artifact of eruption; and (2) that a protective, mechanically rigid cognate carapace around a silicic magma chamber may limit interaction with low-δ 18 O hydrothermally altered crust, thus hindering the development of significant volumes of low-δ 18 O silicic magma.
Fine tuning of wavevector conservation in guided wave devices by photobleaching

A new principle for optimising wavevector conservation and phase-matching in organic based guided wave devices is proposed and demonstrated. Fine tuning of grating coupling into a poly-4BCMU waveguide is demonstrated using controlled changes in the refractive index by photobleaching.
Selecting a delay analysis method in resolving construction claims

Abstract Delays occur commonly in construction projects. Assessing the impact of delay is sometimes a contentious issue. Several delay analysis methods are available but no one method can be universally used over another in all situations. The selection of the proper analysis method depends upon a variety of factors including information available, time of analysis, capabilities of the methodology, and time, funds and effort allocated to the analysis. The paper reviews 20 research studies that discuss various aspects of delay analysis methods and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of widely used delay analysis methods, including the as-planned vs. as-built, impact as-planned, collapsed as-built, and time impact analysis methods. The paper also discusses the most important issues in delay analysis that affect the results of the analysis. The selection of a suitable analysis method depends heavily on the availability of scheduling data, the familiarity of the analyst with the capabilities of the software used in the project, clear specifications in the contract concerning the treatment of concurrent delays and the ownership of float.
The significance of right aortic arch in D-transposition of the great arteries.

Abstract A review of 195 cases of d-TGA disclosed the incidence of right aortic arch to be 8 per cent. In cases associated with VSD and PS the incidence was higher (16 per cent). Fifty per cent of the cases with right arch had other severe cardiac malformation.
A Role for Mixed Lineage Kinases in Regulating Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein-β-dependent Gene Expression in Response to Interferon-γ

Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) regulates a variety of cellular functions in response to exogenous stimuli. We have reported earlier that C/EBP-β induces gene transcription through a novel interferon (IFN)-response element called γ-IFN-activated transcriptional element. We show here that IFN-γ-induced, C/EBP-β/γ-IFN-activated transcriptional element-dependent gene expression is regulated by mixed lineage kinases (MLKs), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family. MLK3 appears to activate C/EBP-β in response to IFN-γ by a mechanism involving decreased phosphorylation of a specific phosphoacceptor residue, Ser64, within the transactivation domain. Decreased phosphorylation of Ser64 was independent of IFN-γ-stimulated ERK1/2 activation and did not require the ERK phosphorylation site Thr189 located in regulatory domain 2 of C/EBP-β. Together these studies provide the first evidence that MLK3 is involved in IFN-γ signaling and identify a novel mechanism of transcriptional activation by IFN-γ.
Efficient wikipedia-based semantic interpreter by exploiting top-k processing

Proper representation of the meaning of texts is crucial to enhancing many data mining and information retrieval tasks, including clustering, computing semantic relatedness between texts, and searching. Representing of texts in the concept space derived from Wikipedia has received growing attention recently, due to its comprehensiveness and expertise, This concept-based representation is capable of extracting semantic relatedness between texts that cannot be deduced with the bag of words model. A key obstacle, however, for using Wikipedia as a semantic interpreter is that the sheer size of the concepts derived from Wikipedia makes it hard to efficiently map texts into concept-space. In this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm which is able to represent the meaning of a text by using the concepts that best match it. In particular, our approach first computes the approximate top-k concepts that are most relevant to the given text. We then leverage these concepts for representing the meaning of the given text. The experimental results show that the proposed technique provides significant gains in execution time over current solutions to the problem.
Preoperative irradiation for soft tissue sarcomas of the trunk and extremities in adults

Abstract Between May 1978 and January 1987, 58 adult patients with previously untreated sarcomas of the trunk and extremities were treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery at the University of Florida. All patients had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up; 24 had a minimum of 5 years of follow-up. The preoperative dose was usually 5040 cGy, with 120–125 cGy per fraction delivered twice daily. Operations were performed 2 to 6 weeks after radiation therapy. Eight patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumors were high grade in 52 (90%), measured >10 cm in 45 (78%), and were extracompartmental in 49 (84%). The surgical margins were wide in 17, marginal in 31, and intralesional in 10 patients. A functional extremity was preserved in 47 of 54 patients who would have required an amputation had they been treated by operation alone. Five of 58 patients (9%) developed local failure; in three, the failure occurred outside of the irradiated volume. Survival rates (product-limit method) at 5 years according to grade and size of lesion were as follows: low grade, 100%; high grade, 10 cm or less in largest diameter, 68%; high grade, 11–20 cm, 39%. Data are insufficient for a 5-year analysis of high-grade lesions > 20 cm; to date, there are no 5-year survivors in these patients. Moderate and severe wound complications occurred in 16%. There were four pathological fractures in 52 long bones at risk.
Interaction of gut and liver in nitrogen metabolism during exercise

Abstract The role of the gut and liver in nitrogen metabolism was studied during rest, 150 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise, and 90 minutes of recovery in 18 hour-fasted dogs (n = 6). Dogs underwent surgery 16 days before an experiment for implantation of catheters in a carotid artery and in the portal and hepatic veins, and Doppler flow cuffs on the hepatic artery and portal vein. Arterial glutamine, alanine, and α-amino nitrogen (AAN) levels decreased gradually with exercise ( P 3 , and urea were unchanged. Net gut glutamine uptake was 1.3 ± 0.5 μmol/kg · min at rest, and increased transiently to 2.5 ± 0.3 μmol/kg · min at 60 minutes of exercise ( P P 3 output both increased transiently with exercise ( P P P P 3 uptake increase in parallel with the increased gut output of these substrates and appear to be closely regulated by their hepatic delivery rates; and (4) hepatic urea output is increased with the increase in hepatic uptake of nitrogenous precursors, but is quantitatively insufficient to explain the entire fate of these nitrogenous compounds within the liver. These studies demonstrate that gut and liver interactions play an important role in nitrogen metabolism during exercise.
7-Chloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (Bz-423), a Benzodiazepine, Suppresses Keratinocyte Proliferation and Has Antipsoriatic Activity in the Human Skin-Severe, Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Transplant Model

7-Chloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (Bz-423) is a benzodiazepine that has cytotoxic and cytostatic activity against a variety of cells in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we demonstrate that Bz-423 (formulated for topical delivery) reduces epidermal hyperplasia in human psoriatic skin after transplantation to severe, combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Bz-423 also suppresses the hyperplasia that develops in nonpsoriatic human skin as a consequence of transplantation to scid mice. Proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes in monolayer culture was suppressed by Bz-423 at concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 μM (noncytotoxic concentrations). Keratinocyte growth inhibition was accompanied by increased oxidant generation in Bz-423-treated cells, and treatment with vitamin E along with Bz-423 reversed the growth inhibition. Growth inhibition was accompanied by a redistribution of β-catenin from a cytoplasmic pool to the cell membrane and by reduced levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 (two molecules associated with Wnt pathway signaling). Several analogs of Bz-423 were examined for antiproliferative activity against human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts in monolayer culture. Each of the analogs tested suppressed growth of both cell types, but in all cases, keratinocytes were more sensitive than fibroblasts. Two of the compounds were found to suppress epidermal hyperplasia induced with all-trans retinoic acid in organ cultures of human skin. Taken together, these data show that Bz-423 and certain analogs produce biological responses in skin cells in vitro and in vivo that are consistent with therapeutic goals for treating psoriasis or epidermal hyperplasia resulting from other causes.
Micropolar beam models for lattice grids with rigid joints

Abstract A simple, rational approach is presented for developing micropolar beam models for large repetitive beam-like planar lattices with rigid joints. The micropolar beam models have independent microrotation, and displacement fields and are characterized by their strain and kinetic energies, from which the equations of motion and boundary conditions can be derived. The procedure for developing the expression for the strain energy of the micropolar beam involves introducing basic assumptions regarding the variation of the displacement and microrotation components in the plane of the cross-section and obtaining effective elastic coefficients of the continuum in terms of the material properties and geometry of the original lattice structure. The high accuracy of the solutions obtained by the micropolar beam models is demonstrated by means of numerical examples.
The design of neonatal incubators: a systems-oriented, human-centered approach

This report describes a multidisciplinary design project conducted in an academic setting reflecting a systems-oriented, human-centered philosophy in the design of neonatal incubator technologies. Graduate students in Architectural Design and Human Factors Engineering courses collaborated in a design effort that focused on supporting the needs of three user groups of incubator technologies: infant patients, family members and medical personnel. Design teams followed established human-centered design methods that included interacting with representatives from the user groups, analyzing sets of critical tasks and conducting usability studies with existing technologies. An iterative design and evaluation process produced four conceptual designs of incubators and supporting equipment that better address specific needs of the user groups. This report introduces the human-centered design approach, highlights some of the analysis findings and design solutions, and offers a set of design recommendations for future incubation technologies.