cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5241: Identifying signaling pathways associated with medulloblastoma subtypes from "omic" data.

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, comprises four subtypes classified by their distinct molecular signatures. Wnt and SHH subtypes up-regulate those respective signaling pathways, while Group 3 and Group 4 tumors are less understood and have the worst prognosis. Treatment is currently limited to surgical resection, radiation and broad-spectrum cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs that frequently devastate cognition in survivors. In order to develop patient-specific targeted therapies we need to understand the underlying molecular events that drive the tumor in each patient. Previously, our research group and others sequenced whole exomes from a total 92 primary tumors from patients in comparison to their matched normal blood. Over 1,700 mutated genes were identified. The overwhelming majority of mutations occurred only once in the entire cohort, and just 12 genes were recurrently mutated with statistical significance. Statistically significant mutated genes include genes involved in subtype-specific signaling events, such Wnt and SHH which have been shown to be causative in those subtypes, and others are involved in chromatin and epigenetic regulation. The diversity of mutations makes it difficult to resolve which mutations drive oncogenesis, especially in Groups 3 and 4. Most patients in these subtypes do not harbor a mutation in one of the 12 significantly mutated genes, leaving an open question as to why these patients developed cancer. The aim of this study is to employ systems biology to interweave singleton genes into networks to identify candidate drives in each patient and ultimately resolve the underlying common pathways that caused each cancer. We have identified singleton mutations in patients that substitute for the statically significant mutated genes. Modeling individual patient level data onto networks predicts novel driver events in each patient. These candidate driver events are then functionally validated in vitro. In addition to mutation, oncogenic events can occur via copy number changes, chromatin regulation, transcription regulation, mRNA processing, or protein degradation. We hypothesize that common pathways are targeted in multiple tumors of the same type, despite the obvious differences in the patterns of somatic mutations. Citation Format: Tenley C. Archer, Shyamal Dilhan Weeraratne, Jessica Pierre Francois, Scott L. Pomeroy. Identifying signaling pathways associated with medulloblastoma subtypes from "omic" data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5241
Prophetic Parallels in Abu Abd Allah Al-Shi i's Mission Among the Kutama Berbers, 893–910

The foundation of Abu ʿAbd Allah's movement was that which God Almighty had ordained concerning the victory of His friends' cause, the strengthening of His True Religion and the exaltation of His Word. Abu ʿAbd Allah al-Shiʿi was an Ismaʿili dāʿĪ and the architect of the Fatimid revolution in North Africa. Mobilizing support among the Kutama Berbers, he was able ultimately to overthrow the Aghlabid house and proclaim ʿAbd Allah as the Mahdi and first Fatimid imam in 909. 1 Our primary source for Abu ʿAbd Allah's career is al-Qadi al-Nuʿman's Kitāb iftitāḥ al-daʿwa , completed in 957. 2 As the official account of the Fatimid rise to power, it is an excellent source for understanding the ideology and propagands of the North African phase of the Fatimid daʿwa . Although the Iftitāḥ is not devoted explicitly to religious/theological questions in the manner of al-Qudi al-Nuʿ man's other writings, an attempt to establish the historical validity of the Fatimid claim to the imamate is implicit throughout the work.The Iftitah is a text of religious significance precisely because it is a historical account of God's action through His human agents to restore the original Islamic community of the Prophet and a righteous political order governed according to God's will, a theme not uncommon in medieval Islam and one to which we shall return later in our discussion. The Iftitah is thus a superb document for ascertaining the Fatimids' perceptions of themselves and how they wanted to appear to a literate audience. Marius Canard, Farhat Dachraoui, and Tilman Nagel have discussed these subjects thoroughly in several works dealing with the Fatimids' North African propaganda.3 My intent here is not to discuss the specific vocabulary of Abu cAbd Allah's daFwa anew, but rather the environment which Abu cAbd Allah proclaimed his "summons to the truth," an environment which enabled him, both by accident and by design, to pattern his career after that of the Prophet.
Identification of flame retarding organic alkali metal salt additives in polycarbonate by flow injection electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry

Three commonly used flame retarding organic alkali metal salt additives in polycarbonate, potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate, potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate and p-toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt could be simultaneously, quickly and conveniently identified in a polycarbonate sample by utilizing electrospray ion trap mass spectroscopy detection in flow injection mode after dissolution and precipitation of the polymer. The resulting method offered advantages of speed, selectivity and precision of identification based on two stage mass spectroscopy fragmentation patterns and mass spectral library matching for the three salts tested, and is likely to be applicable to other compounds of similar class.
The Effect of Dietary Lysine upon the Free Lysine Content of Egg Yolks

Abstract Egg yolks have been shown to contain amino acids in the chemically free state by Lea and Rhodes (1953) and Ducay et al. (1960). The present report deals with (1) the quantitative content of free lysine in egg yolk substance and (2) the effect of the level of dietary lysine upon the free lysine content of egg yolk. Diets containing the levels of lysine indicated in Figure 1 were each fed to 13 individually-caged pullets (Bray, 1966). Six eggs produced on the 53rd day of the assay were randomly chosen from each dietary regimen for microbiological determination of free lysine in egg yolk material. After each yolk was wiped free of albumen, the vitelline membrane was ruptured and removed and an aliquot of blended yolk material was dialyzed across 8/32 dialysis tubing * against distilled water for 24 hours. The lysine content of the dialyzate was determined as described by Difco …
Design Considerations and Optimization of Homopolar Inductor Alternators of Aerospace Power Systems

In former papers 1,2,3 the authors have analyzed the behavior of homopolar inductor alternators, considering all non-linearities and load conditions. As a logical sequence, a means to find the main dimensions of a new design for a specific aerospace power system is presented. The limitations imposed by the high-speed operation are pointed out. Dimensional analysis is used as a method for optimizing alternators for minimum armature leakage for frequency-changing power system. The relation of slot width to slot depth of the armature is optimized for minimum excitation.
The Ever-Changing Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Management of Breast Cancer

Context.—Axillary nodal status remains one of the most important prognostic indicators in the management of breast cancer. Axillary node metastases are seen in fewer than half of breast cancer case...
Flow simulation using generalized static and dynamic grids

A new approach is presented for a e ow simulation system using generalized grids. In a generalized grid, the physical domain of interest is decomposed into cells with an arbitrary number of edges or faces. The grid can be of structured, unstructured, or hanging node type or an arbitrary combination of the types. A cell-face-based data structure is used to storethegrid information. A e ow simulation system is developed forgeneralized gridsthat can handle static and dynamic grids. The full Navier ‐Stokes equations, in the integral form, are taken as the relations that govern the e uid e ow. A cell-centered e nite volume scheme is developed for solving these governing equations. The numerical e ux across the cell faces is evaluated by an upwind scheme based on Roe’ s approximate Riemann solver. A higher-order scheme is formulated by utilizing Taylor’ s series expansion and Green’ s theorem. Limiter functions are used to preserve monotonocity. The skin-friction coefe cient is used to evaluate the accuracy of the limiterfunctions. Thegeneralized minimalresidualmethod isutilized tosolvethesparselinearsystem ofequations resulting from thelinearization of the e ux vectors. TheSpalart ‐Allmaras one-equation turbulence model has been implemented for the generalized grids and is used to evaluate the turbulent viscosity. For dynamically moving bodies, the equations of classical mechanics are used to predict the trajectory based on the external aerodynamic and body forces. A variety of computational examples are presented to demonstratethe wide rangeof applications, and the results are compared with experimental data whenever available.
Effects of stimulus rate and number on the early components of the averaged electroencephalic response.

Early components of the AER were studied in relation to rate and number of clicks presented at 50 dB SL in a total of 18 subjects. Twelve subjects were presented 1024 stimuli at 15.0/sec, 9.5/sec, ...
The pathogenesis and epidemiology of catheter-related infection with pulmonary artery Swan-Ganz catheters: A prospective study utilizing molecular subtyping

To delineate the pathogenesis and epidemiology of catheter-related infection with Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery (PA) catheters, a prospective clinical study of hospitalized adult medical and surgical patients was done. Role of catheter material was assessed by randomizing insertions to heparin-bonded PA catheters made of polyvinylchloride or polyurethane. Sources of infection and pathogenesis were studied by culturing skin, the introducer, the PA catheter tip, all hubs, infusate from each lumen, and the extravascular portion of the PA catheter beneath the external protective plastic sleeve. Concordance between isolates from sources and infected catheters was determined by speciation, antibiogram, and for coagulase-negative staphylococci, plasmid profile analysis. Risk factors for infection were determined by stepwise logistic regression. Overall, 65 (22%) of 297 Swan-Ganz catheters showed local infection of the introducer (58 catheters) or the intravascular portion of the PA catheter (20 catheters); only two catheters (0.7%) caused bacteremia. Eighty percent of infected Swan-Ganz catheters (the introducer or PA catheter) showed concordance with organisms cultured from skin of the insertion site, 17% with a contaminated hub and 18% with organisms contaminating the extravascular portion of the PA catheter beneath the sleeve. Isolates from infected PA catheters were most likely to show concordance with concomitantly infected introducers (71%). Cutaneous colonization of the insertion site with greater than 10(2) cfu/10 cm2 (relative risk [RR] 5.5; p less than 0.001), insertion into an internal jugular vein (RR 4.3; p less than 0.01), catheterization greater than 3 days (RR 3.1; p less than 0.01), and insertion in the operating room using less stringent barrier precautions (RR 2.1; p = 0.03) were each associated with a significantly increased risk of catheter-related infection. The risk of bacteremic infection with Swan-Ganz catheters is now low, in the range of 1%, with reasonable care. Swan-Ganz catheters are vulnerable to contamination from multiple sources, but the patient's skin is the single most important source of organisms causing invasive infection, which in most cases involves the introducer rather than the PA catheter. Heavy colonization of the insertion site, percutaneous insertion in the internal jugular vein rather than subclavian vein, catheterization longer than 3 days, and insertion with less stringent barrier precautions significantly increase the risk of catheter-related infection. These findings hold promise for application to management of Swan-Ganz catheters and research in catheter design to reduce the risk of catheter-related infection.
A pilot trial of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of cervicothoracic myofascial pain

This placebo-controlled crossover trial investigate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX, Allergan, Inc.) for the treatment of cervical myofascial pain syndrome (CMPS). A group of subjects with Cervical Dystonia (CD) served as additional controls. A change in diary pain score from baseline to week 3 in placebo vs. onabotulinumtoxinA was the primary outcome measure. Both CMPS and CD subjects showed a trend towards significant pain relief from onabotulinumtoxinA. This suggests that the study was underpowered and that a larger sample size would be necessary in future trials of onabotulinumtoxinA for CMPS.
Prostaglandins, not lipoxygenase products, mediate insect microaggregation reactions to bacterial challenge in isolated hemocyte preparations

Nodulation is the predominant cellular defense reaction to bacterial challenge in insects. Eicosanoids mediate several steps in the nodulation process, including formation of hemocyte microaggregations. Isolated hemocyte preparations synthesize and secrete eicosanoids, which mediate hemocytic immune reactions. Two major groups of eicosanoids are prostaglandins (products of cyclooxygenase pathways) and various products of lipoxygenase pathways. In this study, we test the hypothesis that prostaglandins, but not lipoxygenase products, mediate hemocyte microaggregation reactions in response to bacterial challenge. Our results indicate that isolated hemocyte preparations pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and naproxen yielded fewer microaggregates than untreated control groups (3.7×105 microaggregates/ml hemolymph vs. 11.0×105 microaggregates/ml hemolymph). These inhibitors influence hemocyte microaggregate formation in a dose–dependent manner in treatments ranging from 0 to 200 μM. The lipoxygenase inhibitors esculetin and caffeic acid did not impact the formation of microaggregates in this system. The influence of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor dexamethasone was reversed by amending experimental (dexamethasone-treated) preparations with prostaglandin H2, but not prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, nor 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, a product of the lipoxygenase pathway. We infer that prostaglandins are the primary mediators of microaggregation reactions to bacterial challenge in insect hemocyte preparations.
Ultrasonographic guidance for internal jugular vein cannulation: an educational imperative, a desirable practice alternative.

In this issue of Annals, Leung et al present data comparing real-time ultrasonographic guidance and the traditional landmark technique for the insertion of internal jugular vein catheters in an emergency department (ED) setting. All operators completed a 2-hour training session before the start of the study. Ultrasonography-guided insertion of internal jugular lines was associated with higher successful insertion and lower complication rates than the traditional landmark technique. Catheterization of the internal jugular vein was successful in 61 of 65 (93%) patients in the ultrasonographic group and in 51 of 65 (78.5%) in the landmark group. There was also a higher first attempt success rate with ultrasonography, 50 of 61 (82%), than with the landmark technique, 36 of 51 (70.6%). Time intervals to venipuncture and successful insertion were not significantly different. Finally, the study revealed that the ultrasonographyguided group had fewer complications than the landmark technique: 3 (4.6%) versus 11 (16.9%). Given these results, the authors suggest that in EDs with ultrasonography available, ultrasonography-guided insertion of internal jugular vein catheters should become the standard of care. Catheterization of the internal jugular vein is one of the more common central venous approaches used in the ED but also one of the more challenging because of variable deep and surface anatomy and the proximity of important structures (eg, carotid artery, cervical plexus, apex of the lung). The frequency of complications for the internal jugular vein approach to central venous catheterization is as high as 11.8%. Techniques that enhance procedural performance and improve patient safety with internal jugular vein catheterization are clearly desirable. This commentary briefly reviews the development of ultrasonographic guidance for internal jugular vein catheterization, emphasizes the contributions of Leung et al, notes factors that may limit the universal application of ultrasonographic guidance, and reflects on the next steps in the development of a practice standard for internal jugular vein catheterization.
A Review of: “Transition Metal Chemistry, Volume 8, G. A. Melson and B. N. Figgis, Editors, 466 pages, Marcel Dekker, Inc., Basel, 1982.”

(1983). A Review of: “Transition Metal Chemistry, Volume 8, G. A. Melson and B. N. Figgis, Editors, 466 pages, Marcel Dekker, Inc., Basel, 1982.”. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 817-818.
Normative Sexual Behavior in Children: A Contemporary Sample

Objective. Sexual behavior in children can cause uncertainty in the clinician because of the relationship between sexual abuse and sexual behavior. Consequently, it is important to understand normative childhood sexual behavior. Design. Sexual behavior in 1114 2- to 12-year-old chil- dren was rated by primary female caregivers. These chil- dren were screened for the absence of sexual abuse. A 38-item scale assessing a broad range of sexual behavior (Child Sexual Behavior Inventory, Third Version) was administered along with the Child Behavior Checklist and a questionnaire assessing family stress, family sex- uality, social maturity of the child, maternal attitudes regarding child sexuality, and hours in day care. Results. Sexual behavior was related to the child's age, maternal education, family sexuality, family stress, family violence, and hours/week in day care. Frequencies of sexual behaviors for 2- to 5-, 6- to 9-, and 10- to 12- year-old boys and girls are presented. Conclusions. A broad range of sexual behaviors are exhibited by children who there is no reason to believe have been sexually abused. Their relative frequency is similar to two earlier studies, and this reinforces the validity of these results. Pediatrics 1998;101(4). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/4/e9; sex- ual behavior, children, family sexuality
Identifying, stimulating, and nurturing computer engineers

This paper deals with one company's view of identifying and nurturing promising computer engineers. The structuring of the work and the transition from academia to industry are discussed. It should be noted that much of the process cited is applicable to what is done within the entire company regarding engineering, but as a focus examples from computer development are mentioned and the major computer trends and challenges to computer science and engineering education are presented.
Mist Cooling Hens in Cages by Fogging

ABSTRACT IN THE summer hens in cages are exposed to two major sources of radiant heat—the roof and the ground. The apparent effectiveness of cooling live poultry with water has been discussed in an earlier paper (Wilson and Hillerman, 1952), as have methods of applying the water (Hart and Wilson, 1954; Wilson and Kelly, 1954). Herein are presented the results of three year’s investigation of the value of fogging (mist spraying) hens in cages. The objectives of these tests were (1) to determine the benefits of fogging, using mortality, egg production, egg weight, and egg shell thickness as indicators of comfort and (2) to find satisfactory criteria for designing poultry cooling systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The procedure differed each year, but the objectives remained the same. All the tests were conducted at the University of California poultry farm at Davis, using two cage houses, which have previously been described in . . .
GaAs/GaAlAs active-passive-interference laser

A GaAs/GaAlAs interference laser with an active and a passive section is reported. A very clean single longitudinal mode is obtained and maintained without mode hopping over about 10°C, which results from the combined effect of interference and real index waveguiding in the lateral direction.
An adaptive bayesian clustering and multivariate region merging based technique for efficient segmentation of color images

We propose a methodology for improved segmentation of images in a Bayesian framework by fusion of color, texture and gradient information. The proposed algorithm is initialized by subjecting the input image to an adaptive clustering scheme for initial region formation. Following this, a vector field approach is employed to split regions comprising of strong edges. Subsequently, all spatially independent regions are provided separate region labels, given that most clustering approaches neglect the spatial association among them. The resultant region map is integrated with textural features based on co-occurrence matrices, in a unique multivariate merging procedure hierarchically fusing regions with strong similarities. The merging process is eventually terminated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis to determine the optimal number of segments in the final segmentation. Performance evaluation on the Berkeley segmentation dataset demonstrates that our approach outperforms a family of published techniques, with superior segmentation quality.
Vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscesses caused by Prevotella oralis: a case report

An interesting case of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with multiple epidural abscesses caused by non-pigmented Prevotella oralis is reported. The patient was a 68-year-old female who presented to the emergency room (ER) with severe pain and tenderness in her lower back with fever. She had recently undergone esophagogastroduodensoscopy (EGD) for complaints of esophageal reflux, which showed submucosal cyst in the esophagus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine revealed multiple spinal epidural abscesses with signal enhancement at the level of T6 and T7, suggestive of vertebral osteomyelitis. Two blood cultures drawn one hour apart grew Prevotella oralis. The body fluid aspirated from the abscesses was also positive for the anaerobic commensal P. oralis. Necrosis associated with the submucosal cyst was implicated as the cause of sepsis and osteomyelitis due to this organism.
Economics modeling of multichip module testing strategies

To produce high-quality and cost-effective multichip systems, they must be designed with test and fault diagnosis as critical design requirements. However, deciding on where and when to test, and whether to apply design for test (DFT) and built-in self test (BIST) at the IC, multichip module (MCM) or board level requires considerable study and evaluation to determine the economics of the various solutions and the payback. In this paper we explore the tradeoffs between various test and rework strategies for multichip module designs. Some of these strategies incorporate various DFT options at both the MCM and IC levels. We will analyze the impact of various cost, yield, and test effectiveness parameters on the final cost and quality of multichip modules. Experimental tradeoff analysis data generated for some leading-edge multichip designs will also be presented. The results clearly indicate that incorporating DFT and BIST with varying degrees at the chip or MCM levels is economically justifiable and results in cost reduction as well as quality improvement. The results also indicates that the MCM cost could vary by about 10-20% depending on the test strategy used. However, proper determination of where and how to test, and whether to employ DFT and BIST at the IC or MCM levels, requires an evaluation of the economics of the various solutions and the payback. That process is highly dependent on the design under consideration and the parameters associated with the available manufacturing environment(s). Hence, one has to be careful about generalizing the lessons learned from specific cases, since it could lead to nonoptimal solutions. A careful economic modeling of the various design, test and manufacturing parameters is clearly necessary for producing cost-effective high-quality products.
Extremely high levels of NADPH in guinea pig lens: Correlation with zeta-crystallin concentration

Abstract Zeta-crystallin, a major “taxon-specific” protein of the guinea pig lens, specifically binds NADPH. Analysis of pyridine nucleotide levels in guinea pig lens revealed values for NADPH approximately 50-fold higher than in other lenses. Indeed to our knowledge the values reported are higher than have been observed in any tissue. A clear correlation exists between NADPH and zeta-crystallin contents of the lens both in normal guinea pigs during development and in a line of guinea pigs with a mutation in the gene for zeta-crystallin. Heterozygotes for this mutation had a 50% reduction in NADPH, while homozygotes have only about 6% of the normal level. NADP + levels were also markedly elevated suggesting that redox cycling of the NADPH is occurring.
Unaliasing by fourier-encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD), applied to cardiac imaging and fMRI.

In several applications, MRI is used to monitor the time behavior of the signal in an organ of interest; e.g., signal evolution because of physiological motion, activation, or contrast-agent accumulation. Dynamic applications involve acquiring data in a k‐t space, which contains both temporal and spatial information. It is shown here that in some dynamic applications, the t axis of k‐t space is not densely filled with information. A method is introduced that can transfer information from the k axes to the t axis, allowing a denser, smaller k‐t space to be acquired, and leading to significant reductions in the acquisition time of the temporal frames. Results are presented for cardiac-triggered imaging and functional MRI (fMRI), and are compared with data obtained in a conventional way. The temporal resolution was increased by nearly a factor of two in the cardiac-triggered study, and by as much as a factor of eight in the fMRI study. This increase allowed the acquisition of fMRI activation maps, even when the acquisition time for a single full time frame was actually longer than the paradigm cycle period itself. The new method can be used to significantly reduce the acquisition time of the individual temporal frames in certain dynamic studies. This can be used, for example, to increase the temporal or spatial resolution, increase the spatial coverage, decrease the total imaging time, or alter sequence parameters e.g., repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE) and thereby alter contrast. Magn Reson Med 42:813‐828, 1999. r 1999 Wiley
Morganella morganii urease: purification, characterization, and isolation of gene sequences.

Abstract Morganella morganii, a very common cause of catheter-associated bacteriuria, was previously classified with the genus Proteus on the basis of urease production. M. morganii constitutively synthesizes a urease distinct from that of other uropathogens. The enzyme, purified 175-fold by passage through DEAE-Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose, Mono-Q, and Superose 6 chromatography resins, was found to have a native molecular size of 590 kilodaltons and was composed of three distinct subunits with apparent molecular sizes of 63, 15, and 6 kilodaltons, respectively. Amino-terminal analysis of the subunit polypeptides revealed a high degree of conservation of amino acid sequence between jack bean and Proteus mirabilis ureases. Km for urea equalled 0.8 mM. Antiserum prepared against purified enzyme inhibited activity by 43% at a 1:2 dilution after 1 h of incubation. All urease activity was immunoprecipitated from cytosol by a 1:16 dilution. Antiserum did not precipitate ureases of other species except for one Providencia rettgeri strain but did recognize the large subunits of ureases of Providencia and Proteus species on Western blots (immunoblots). Thirteen urease-positive cosmid clones of Morganella chromosomal DNA shared a 3.5-kilobase (kb) BamHI fragment. Urease gene sequences were localized to a 7.1-kb EcoRI-SalI fragment. Tn5 mutagenesis revealed that between 3.3 and 6.6 kb of DNA were necessary for enzyme activity. A Morganella urease DNA probe did not hybridize with gene sequences of other species tested. Morganella urease antiserum recognized identical subunit polypeptides on Western blots of cytosol from the wild-type strain and Escherichia coli bearing the recombinant clone which corresponded to those seen in denatured urease. Although the wild-type strain and recombinant clone produced equal amounts of urease protein, the clone produced less than 1% of the enzyme activity of the wild-type strain.
Extended Prostate Needle Biopsy Improves Concordance Of Gleason Grading Between Prostate Needle Biopsy And Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: We examined the concordance of Gleason scores in prostate needle biopsy specimens and the corresponding radical retropubic prostatectomy specimens in a cohort of patients grouped according to the number of cores obtained during diagnostic needle biopsy.Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical and pathological data on a cohort of 466 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer by needle biopsies who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between January 1, 1990 and July 31, 2001. Two study groups were identified, including 126 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by extended needle biopsies (10 or more cores) and 340 diagnosed with cancer by nonextended needle biopsies (9 or fewer cores). Mean age was 60 years and median prostate specific antigen was 5.8 ng./ml. The median number of cores in the extended and nonextended biopsy groups was 12 and 6, respectively. The concordance of Gleason score in the needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimens was compared and correlated with the number o...
You Lost Me at Hello: Aren't We I-O Psychologists Still?

My reaction to Ryan and Ford's (2010) tipping point discussion stems from the footnote assigned to the title of their article, “In keeping with recent trends in the field, we use ‘organizational psychology’ rather than industrial/organizational psychology throughout, except when directly quoting a source or providing a historical referent.” This one sentence vividly illustrates the identity crisis Ryan and Ford have aptly discussed; even among like-minded colleagues, we are unable to agree on what we should call ourselves and what that label might actually imply. I was especially confused by this choice of professional labeling when Ryan and Ford later concluded that, “[Our field's] distinctiveness is not well articulated for new entrants, affecting the extent to which organizational psychology becomes a deep-structure identity of individuals that will affect, over time, the viability of the collective identity.” What message are we sending to potential new entrants if we are not willing to retain the field's existing moniker because it is too cumbersome or difficult to explain to others? The typical student reaction I experience when discussing our professional name and identity is something along the lines of: “What do you mean SIOP wants to change its name? What's wrong with the one that it already has?”
An efficient multicast protocol for content-based publish-subscribe systems

The publish/subscribe (or pub/sub) paradigm is an increasingly popular model for interconnecting applications in a distributed environment. Many existing pub/sub systems are based on pre-defined subjects, and hence are able to exploit multicast technologies to provide scalability and availability. An emerging alternative to subject-based systems, known as content-based systems, allow information consumers to request events based on the content of published events. This model is considerably more flexible than subject-based pub/sub. However, it was previously not known how to efficiently multicast published events to interested content-based subscribers within a large and geographically distributed network of broker (or router) machines. We develop and evaluate a novel and efficient distributed algorithm for this purpose, called -link matching". Link matching performs just enough computation at each node to determine the subset of links to which an event should be forwarded. We show via simulations that: link matching yields higher throughput than flooding when subscriptions are selective; and the overall CPU utilization of link matching is comparable to that of centralized matching.
A novel method to differentiate between ping-pong and simultaneous exchange kinetics and its application to the anion exchanger of the HL60 cell.

A B S T R A C T We have developed a new test to differentiate between ping-pong and simultaneous mechanisms for tightly coupled anion exchange. This test requires the use of a dead-end reversible noncompetitive inhibitor. As an example, we have applied the test to the anion exchanger of the HL60 cell using the salicylic acid derivative 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DIS), which reversibly inhibits HL60 cell CI/CI exchange. The concentration of DIS that causes 50% inhibition (IDs0) increased only slightly as either intra- or extracellular chloride was increased, indicating that DIS inhibits HL60 anion exchange in a noncompetitive manner. In agreement with this observation, plots of the slope of the Dixon plot as a function of 1/[Clo] or 1/[Cli] were fit with straight lines with nonzero intercepts, indicating that DIS does not compete with either of the substrates ([Clo] and [eli] ). The secondary Dixon slope test is based on the fact that, for a dead-end inhibitor such as DIS, the slope of the Dixon plot slope vs. l/[Cli] (secondary Dixon slope or SDS) is independent of extracellular C1 when the exchange mechanism follows ping-pong kinetics. Similarly, the SDS calculated from a plot as a function of 1/[Clo] is also independent of intracellular Cl for a ping-pong exchanger. In contrast to this prediction, we found that for DIS inhibition of CI/CI exchange in HL60 cells the slope of the Dixon plot slope vs. l/[Cli] decreased by a factor of 2.5-fold when [Clo] was increased from 1 to 11 mM (P < 0.0001). This change in the SDS rules out ping-pong kinetics, but is consistent with a simultaneous model of CI/CI exchange in which there are extraand intracellular anion binding sites, both of which must be occupied by suitable anions in order to allow simultaneous exchange of the ions.
The Magdalenian Colonization of Southern Germany

Although the topics of migration and colonization have received renewed archaeological attention in recent years, their relevance to the deep past of hunter-gatherer archaeology has been debated. The Magdalenian colonization of southern Germany after the last glacial maximum, ca. 15,000-13,000 B.P., presents a case study in which many of the debated issues can be explored. Environmental change and relative demographic pressure played a causal role in population movements, leading to a gradual, discontinuous expansion from the Franco-cantabrian refugium. Active social strategies to overcome the risks facing frontier groups helped maintain remarkable uniformity in material culture across hundreds of kilometers, despite shifts in subsistence and settlement patterns required in the newly occupied areas, [archaeology. Palaeolithic, Europe, migration]
Stability of networked control systems: explicit analysis of delay

Recent technological advances have enabled distributed control systems to be implemented via networks. This allows feedback control loops to be closed over a shared communication channel. Network-induced delays are inevitable, however, when transmitting digital data between control devices. This paper analyzes the stability of such networked control systems (NCS). We first review some previous work on this topic, offering some improvements. We analyze the influence of the sampling rate and network delay on system stability. We further study the stability of NCS using a hybrid system stability analysis technique.
Boosting Sequential Solver Portfolios: Knowledge Sharing and Accuracy Prediction

Sequential algorithm portfolios for satisfiability testing SAT, such as SATzilla and 3S , have enjoyed much success in the last decade. By leveraging the differing strengths of individual SAT solvers, portfolios employing older solvers have often fared as well or better than newly designed ones, in several categories of the annual SAT Competitions and Races. We propose two simple yet powerful techniques to further boost the performance of sequential portfolios, namely, a generic way of knowledge sharing suitable for sequential SAT solver schedules which is commonly employed in parallel SAT solvers, and a meta-level guardian classifier for judging whether to switch the main solver suggested by the portfolio with a recourse action solver. With these additions, we show that the performance of the sequential portfolio solver 3S , which dominated other sequential categories but was ranked 10th in the application category of the 2011 SAT Competition, can be boosted significantly, bringing it just one instance short of matching the performance of the winning application track solver, while still outperforming all other solvers submitted to the crafted and random categories.
Causality and relativistic localization in one-dimensional Hamiltonians

We compare the relativistic time evolution of an initially localized quantum particle obtained from the relativistic Schr\"odinger, the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations. By computing the amount of the spatial probability density that evolves outside the light cone we quantify the amount of causality violation for the relativistic Schr\"odinger Hamiltonian. We comment on the relationship between quantum field theoretical transition amplitudes, commutators of the fields and their bilinear combinations outside the light cone as indicators of a possible causality violation. We point out the relevance of the relativistic localization problem to this discussion and comment on ideas about the supposed role of quantum field theory as a vehicle of making a theory causal by introducing antiparticles.
Outcomes of Adult Day Services for Participants: A Conceptual Model

Adult day programs provide nutritional, health, social, and recreational services for older adults during daytime hours. The heterogeneity of programs, participants, and funding sources creates challenges in defining and measuring participant outcomes of adult day services. There appear to be two main domains of influence that adult day programs can have on participants: physical health functioning and psychosocial well-being. The study of the psychosocial benefits of adult day services to participants has been neglected. The purpose of this article is to review current empirical literature and to propose a new conceptual model for examining the participant outcomes in adult day services programs, taking into consideration the variability in participant needs and program design and delivery. The model includes service elements that are related to psychosocial well-being and physical functioning, and these elements relate to specific physical and psychosocial proximal and distal outcomes. Further areas for...
Parallel 3D FDTD Simulator for Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals have shown a great deal of promise for the realization of true integrated optics. Waveguides with small bends may be formed allowing compact integrated photonic circuits to be formed. Full three-dimensional (3D) photonic simulations are required in order to realize very low loss, integrated photonic crystal circuits. Needless to say, the design and fabrication of such fully 3D structures is challenging, and thus efficient simulation tools are necessary to identify the optimum structures for different applications. Researchers at the Department of Defense (DoD) and Arizona State University (ASU) have independently developed parallel Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) codes, with the goal of scaling up each simulator for complicated structures such as 3D optical integrated circuits (OIC). As the name implies, FDTD is a popular time-domain method for solving Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields. These two curl equations are solved explicitly in time over half-step intervals, where the values of one set of field values (e.g., electric fields) are used at the successive interval to solve for the other field (e.g., magnetic field) in a time marching fashion. The goal of our current work is to realize a fully parallel FDTD code scalable to 108 FDTD grid points in order to have sufficient resolution to model even a relatively limited number of periods of a given waveguide structure. This requires both a scalable parallel FDTD code, as well as one with the proper boundary conditions and more efficient algorithms to reduce run. The work and results discussed herein address both the scalability and the efficiency of the time-domain algorithm.
Exception handling negligence due to intra-individual goal conflicts

Despite research to provide support for improving the usage of exception handling in programs, studies show that exception handling is neglected. In previous work, we interviewed novice developers to understand their problems when dealing with exceptions. The results show that these developers gave exception handling low priority and they thought that use of exception handling was forced on them. Thus, developers adopted an ignore-for-now approach for dealing with exceptions. In this paper, we present the results of our investigation of this problem of neglecting exception handling. We conducted a literature study to understand the psychological aspects of the problem that may be affecting the appropriate usage of exception handling in programs. Based on our investigation that was supported by this study, we believe that developers have intra-individual conflicting goals when they are expected to design and code the core functionality as well as the exception handling functionality. We recommend some strategies to address this problem of conflicting goals at academic and industry levels.
Internet Mapping: From Art to Science

We are designing, implementing, deploying, and operating a secure measurement platform capable of performing various types of Internet infrastructure measurements and assessments. We integrate state-of-the-art measurement and analysis capabilities to try to build a coherent view of Internet topology. In September 2007 we began to use this novel architecture to support ongoing global Internet topology measurement and mapping, and are now gathering the largest set of IP topology data for use by academic researchers. We are using the best available techniques for IP topology mapping, and are developing some new techniques, as well as supporting software for data analysis, topology generation, and interactive visualization of resulting large annotated graphs. This paper presents our current results, next steps, and future goals.
Robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection for lung tumors: a community tertiary care center experience over four years.

After its initial description in 1990, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has emerged as the minimally invasive approach for lung resection in early lung cancer. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients who underwent robotic pulmonary resection for cancer by a single surgeon, between years 2009 and 2013, was performed. Age, gender, type and duration of surgery, length of stay, estimated blood loss, early and late complications, follow-up time, and local recurrence were reviewed and analyzed descriptively. Three hundred and thirty-one patients underwent the procedure for pulmonary neoplasm. Two hundred and fifty-nine (79 %) patients underwent anatomic lobectomies, 56 (17 %) patients had wedge resection, while five (1.5 %) patients underwent pneumonectomy. In 11 patients, no pulmonary resection was performed for different reasons. Most common neoplasm was adenocarcinoma (185, 56 %). All procedures involved a systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node exploration and removal of suspicious nodes. Twenty-six (6.9 %) procedures were converted to open thoracotomy. Mean duration of surgery was 185.63 min. Mean length of hospital stay was 5.52 days. Mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 47.85 ml. Mean follow-up was 249.41 days (20–1550 days), and five (1.5 %) patients developed local recurrence. Early complications were seen in 29 patients (8.8 %), most commonly cardiac arrhythmias (20, 6 %). Robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is feasible in lung lesions, with all the advantages of VATS in terms of decreased length of stay and decreased blood loss with local recurrence rate and complication rate comparable to open procedures. There is a clear need for more studies comparing the apparent advantages of robotic-assisted surgery with increased cost of technology.
How Would Defined Contribution Participants React to Lifetime Income Illustrations? Evidence from the 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey

In May 2013, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) focusing on lifetime income illustrations. Since the concept of lifetime income illustrations on 401(k) statements is a relatively new innovation, little empirical evidence exists regarding how plan participants would respond. To find out, the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s new 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS) included a series of questions concerning monthly income illustrations similar in many respects to those provided by the EBSA’s online Lifetime Income Calculator. This paper presents an analysis of these survey results, which indicated that the vast majority of respondents (for this analysis, only workers who were currently contributing to an employer plan were included) found the information useful; more than 1 in 3 (36 percent) of the respondents thought that it was very useful to hear an estimate of the monthly retirement income they might expect from their plan, and another 49 percent thought it was somewhat useful. More than half (58 percent) thought the estimated monthly income was in line with their expectations. Perhaps because of that, relatively few (only 17 percent of the respondents) said they would increase their retirement savings contributions as a result of hearing the monthly income estimate. However, of those responding that their illustrated value was much less or somewhat less than expected, more than a third (35 percent) indicated they would increase their contributions. It is, of course, possible that these respondents’ current participation in employment-based plans has already provided them the education and information necessary for an appreciation both of the projected total and the monthly income estimate, and thus a greater alignment of those projections with their expectations.The PDF for the above title, published in the March 2014 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another March 2014 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "Brand-Name and Generic Prescription Drug Use After Adoption of a Full-Replacement, Consumer-Directed Health Plan With a Health Savings Account."