cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Biochemical Aspirin and Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Variable platelet response to aspirin and clopidogrel is a well-established phenomenon in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to determine the predictors of an impaired biochemical response to aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with ischemic stroke. Patients with established cerebrovascular disease who underwent an aspirin/clopidogrel response panel (ie, light transmittance aggregometry) between June 2003 and March 2007 were identified through an electronic database. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed, and demographic characteristics, medical history, and laboratory results were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with antiplatelet resistance. Of the 465 patients included in this study, 120 (28%) were biochemical aspirin nonresponders and 83 (28%) were biochemical clopidogrel nonresponders. Of the 270 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, 25 (9.3%) were dual biochemical nonresponders. In binary logistic regression modeling, patients with congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR] = 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-15.5; P = .02) and those with higher hemoglobin A1c values (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.12-1.79; P = .004) had a significantly greater likelihood of having a biochemical nonresponse to aspirin therapy. African-American patients (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.23-3.91; P < .007) were significantly more likely to be nonresponders to clopidogrel. This preliminary study shows that aspirin and clopidogrel biochemical nonresponse frequently occurs in ischemic stroke patients. In addition, some associated variables may affect the biochemical response to antiplatelet therapy. Further study is needed to explore whether this nonresponse has an impact on clinical outcomes.
Production of tar-bonded dolomite refractories in Bulgaria

The use of pitch bond increases the strength of unfired tarred dolomite products and their hydration resistance, and increases the coke residue, which makes it possible to expect a high resistance during service.
Partisan Acquisition, Policy Relevant Parties and Realignments

C OHORT studies of partisan development have generally concluded that partisan acquisition and partisan intensity are both characterized by a mixture of life cycle, generational, and period effects (Abramson 1976; Knoke and Hout 1974; Claggett 1981a; Norpoth and Rusk 1982).1 These studies usually found that the older and/or Great Depression era cohorts were characterized by stronger pro-partisan generational effects than other cohorts. They attributed these strong pro-partisan generational effects to their exposure to a more partisan political environment during their youth. Furthermore, they generally equated pro-partisan environments with realignments so that experiencing (or not experiencing) a realignment while young became the explanation for the presence (or absence) of strong pro-partisan generational effects. But the specific aspect or feature of the political environment responsible for these effects, and which presumably varied in magnitude as realigning periods were replaced by normal and decay periods, was never clearly identified. A second feature left unspecified by these studies was the nature of the socialization process which linked the political environment to those generational effects. By building on the more theoretically oriented research into partisan development, which is largely based on cross-sectional (or shortterm panel) analysis of contemporary data, this study will examine several hypotheses concerning the specific aspect of the political environment responsible for these generational effects and the socialization process that might link it to enduring partisan acquisition. This will answer not only some questions about the historical dynamics of partisanship in the United States but will also broaden the supporting
Holt-Oram syndrome in China: A collective review of 18 cases

This is a collective review of all cases of HOS reported from China. Of the 24 total cases, 18 are living and are included in this report. The clinical features, including previously undescribed associated anomalies, mode of transmission in the family, genetic characteristics, and dermatoglyphics of this familial upper limb-cardiovascular syndrome, are presented. A practical classification of the syndrome is proposed based on the relative preponderance of either upper limb deformities or cardiovascular anomalies.
Millimeter-Wave Imaging using k-space Compression

We apply compression in the spatial frequency domain to generate millimeter wave images. Simulations indicate the efficacy of the approach. We are in the process of testing the system experimentally.
Evolutionary computation with noise perturbation and cluster analysis to discover biomarker sets

Abstract In biomedical science, data mining techniques have been applied to extract statistically significant and clinically useful information from a given dataset. Finding biomarker gene sets for diseases can aid in understanding disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. Gene expression microarrays have played an important role in such studies and yet, there have also been criticisms in their analysis. Analysis of these datasets presents the high risk of over-fitting (discovering spurious patterns) because of their feature-rich but case-poor nature. This paper describes a GA-SVM hybrid along with Gaussian noise perturbation (with a manual noise gain) to combat over-fitting; determine the strongest signal in the dataset; and discover stable biomarker sets. A colon cancer gene expression microarray dataset is used to show that the strongest signal in the data (optimal noise gain where a modest number of similar candidates emerge) can be found by a binary search. The diversity of candidates (measured by cluster analysis) is reduced by the noise perturbation, indicating some of the patterns are being eliminated (we hope mostly spurious ones). Initial biological validated has been tested and genes have different levels of significance to the candidates; although the discovered biomarker sets should be studied further to ascertain their biological significance and clinical utility. Furthermore, statistical validity displays that the strongest signal in the data is spurious and the discovered biomarker sets should be rejected.
A portable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor system with temperature regulation

We describe here the construction of an inexpensive portable, temperature-regulated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument utilizing readily available components. This system is ideal for both laboratory and field use. Applications of SPR-based biosensors range from laboratory assays to continuous or spot monitoring for analytes important in food industries to monitoring for environmental pollutants and agents of bioterrorism. SPR sensors are capable of measuring minute changes in refractive index (RI) to high precision. Changes in temperature affect the materials of the SPR sensor and RI of aqueous sample solutions. Management of the effects of temperature changes on the SPR signal can be achieved by temperature stabilization, compensation, or a combination of both. The multi-channel design described here allows for a reference channel to compensate for bulk RI changes, non-specific binding, and minor temperature variations, while the temperature controller provides the temperature stability necessary for monitoring small changes in RI. The temperature controller also allows for studies of the temperature dependence of molecular interactions and for optimizing detection conditions.
Activation of free fatty acids in subcellular fractions of human skeletal muscle.

In human pathology littel is known about the activating enzymes for fatty acids of different carbon chain length. In order to have a better insight into disorders of lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle, we studied the distribution of acyl-CoA synthetases in muscular subcellular fractions. We find that in muscle mainly long chain fatty acids are activated to CoA esters. Distribution of palmityl-CoA synthetase in subcellular fractions compared with marker enzymes suggested that this enzymatic activity is located only in the outer mitochondrial membrane, in contrast to human liver, where this enzyme is also located in the microsomes. In human skeletal muscle we also found low butyryl-CoA formation, which was limited to the mitochondrial matrix. This site of activation implies that short chain fatty acids may not depend on carnitine for their oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix, in contrast to long chain fatty acids activated in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: Source area, transport, deposition, and sampling

Principles from particle-motion physics were applied to recurring problems of the interpretation of stratigraphic charcoal data: (1) fires within catchments of lakes often produce no record in fossil-charcoal curves and (2) periods characterized by no local fire (e.g., 20th-century fire suppression) often display as much charcoal as times when local fire was frequent. Quantitative theory on source area, transport, deposition, and sampling of charcoal shows the relationship between particle sizes counted by alternative methods of charcoal analysis (pollen slides for particles 5–80 μm in diameter, petrographic thin sections for particles 50–10,000 μm diameter) and charcoal diagrams. The relationship between diameter and critical and deposition velocities results in fundamental aerodynamic differences between the sizes of particles quantified by the two methods. Charcoal recorded on pollen slides is of a size that is difficult to lift, but once entrained it remains in suspension. Thin-section charcoal is lifted at relatively low wind velocities, but it is not suspended at normal surface wind speeds. Thermal buoyancy during fire lofts charcoal above the forest canopy, depending on particle size and wind speed. Pollen-slide charcoal sizes are underrepresented near the fire, because they remain in suspension and are preferentially exported from the burn area. Thin-section charcoal is convected to lower heights on average and is deposited nearby. Following fire, thin-section charcoal is redistributed locally by wind and thus may enter lakes. Because of cohesive forces and aerodynamics, more pollen-slide charcoal remains on the ground, and less enters lakes. Source areas for pollen-slide charcoal are subcontinental to global, and diagrams of pollen-slide charcoal are biased toward nonlocal charcoal. They can be used to interpret importance of fire for broad spatial and temporal scales. Thin-section charcoal represents, the catchment fire regime. Simulation models that generate charcoal during fire, mix sediments, and then sample at specified intervals indicate that (1) in the absence of sediment mixing the pollen-slide method should consistently resolve individual fires that occur with an expectation of >30–50 yr, (2) unless samples are continuous, neither method will produce useful estimates of fire frequency, and (3) even a modest amount of sediment mixing will obscure the signal.
Dynamics of a Near-Resonant Fluid-Filled Gyroscope

The behavior of a fluid-filled gyroscope having a natural coning frequency near that of the inertial oscillation of a contained rotating liquid is calculated. The limitations of the calculations are that the coning angle be small enough to make the linearization of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate and that the liquid viscosity be low enough to make boundary-layer techniques appropriate. The theory is compared to observations from the literature to assess the limitations of the theory. Some comparison with earlier work is given. It is concluded that the present theory reflects the data reasonably well and that it is an improvement over previous work. PINNING fluid-filled containers (examples include fluidfilled artillery shells and spacecraft with liquid-fueled apogee engines) can be unstable to growing pitch and yaw. For successful flight, the angle between the spin axis and the flight path (herein called the coning angle) must remain small. The motion of the container axis forces differential motions within the fluid, which in turn produce torques on the container. If the torques are such as to increase the coning angle, the container can be unstable. Coning at a frequency at or near an inertial mode frequency of the rotating liquid leads to a resonant liquid response and much larger torques. A flying container is acted on by many forces and torques other than the fluid dynamical ones that form the main topic of this paper. Attention will be restricted to fluid-filled gyroscopes, which cone freely in the laboratory. The coning angle grows with time; and this growth rate is determined almost entirely by the response of the contained fluid to the coning motion. Since the initial coning angle is essentially zero, the Navier-Stokes equations can be linearized about a solid rotation using the coning angle as the small parameter, previous work addressing the fluid dynamics includes that of Gans,1 which was specifically designed to deal with the resonance for forced coning, Murphy,2 and Gerber et al. 3'4 The present work is an extension of Ref. 1. The Murphy work contains a comprehensive bibliography of the literature, especially that of the projectile community. The differences between Refs. 3 and 4 and the present work are discussed in the final section. The motion of a gyroscope can be described in terms of the motion of its symmetry axis. The axis can be described instantaneously in an inertial system in which it is initially vertical by a unit vector K- sinacosfltf/ + sinfl/// + cosa/c/ (1)
Hypothermia induced by hyperbaric oxygen is not blocked by serotonin antagonists.

Exposure to HBO causes hypothermia, bradycardia, head weaving, resting tremor, piloerection, and straub tail in rats. These physiological and behavioral responses can also be evoked by selective activation of serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors. The purpose of the current study was to determine if hypothermia caused by HBO is due to increased activation of 5-HT1A receptors. The levels of brain biogenic amines were measured in brain regions of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to HBO. Exposure to HBO caused an increase in the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the striatum (92%, p < 0.05) and occipital-temporal cortex (116%, p < 0.05), but not in other brain regions. Exposure to HBO did not change the levels of tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT), other biogenic amines, or their metabolites. It is hypothesized that the Fawn Hood (FH) rat, which is reported to be resistant to hypothermia induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), has an abnormality of 5-HT1A receptor activity. Although the FH rat was more resistant to hypothermia induced by HBO than the SD rat, we were not able to confirm that this rat was resistant to hypothermia induced by 8-OH-DPAT. The 5-HT receptor antagonists, 1-(1H-Indol-4- yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-propanol (Pindolol), 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl] piperazine hydrobromide (NAN-190), and methysergide, did not block hypothermia induced by HBO in SD rats. A series of control experiments were used to confirm that the antagonists blocked hypothermia induced by serotonin agonists. These data suggest that although HBO alters levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in the striatum and occipital-temporal cortex of the rat brain, coincident hypothermia is not due to increased activation of 5-HT1A receptors.
Comparison of some sequential procedures with related optimal stopping rules

For the problem of estimating the mean of independent, identically distributed random variables, with loss equal to a linear combination of squared error and sample size, certain sequential procedures have been shown to be asymptotically optimal when compared with the best fixed sample size rule. In this paper it is shown that these procedures are asymptotically suboptimal when compared with a closely related optimal stopping rule.
Transcriptional regulation in Archaea

Information regarding transcriptional regulation in Archaea has begun to emerge from in vivo genetic studies. Evidence to date suggests a varied repertoire of regulatory mechanisms in Archaea that invokes both bacterial and eukaryal paradigms, as well as some novel features. Overall simplicity of mechanisms may reflect the prokaryotic lifestyle. Sequencing projects suggest the existence of certain classes of regulators, but experimental verification is needed.
Wind Farm Layout Optimization Using a Viral Systems Algorithm

In the present research a new viral systems optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimal number and position of wind turbines in large wind farms with the main objective of minimizing the cost per unit power produced from the wind park. The developed algorithm is applied to three well known problems in literature which are: 1) constant wind speed and unidirectional uniform wind, 2) constant wind speed with variable direction, and 3) non-uniform variable wind speed with variable direction. In the final results, the distance between two wind turbines is reduced to one meter, compared to 5 rotor diameters in previous studies.
miR-21 and miR-155 are associated with mitotic activity and lesion depth of borderline melanocytic lesions

miR-21 and miR-155 are associated with mitotic activity and lesion depth of borderline melanocytic lesions
A SAS macro for residual deviance of ordinal regression analysis

In this paper, a SAS macro is described for calculating the likelihood of the 'saturated' model in the analysis of ordinal regression. The outcome variable is multinomial on an ordinal scale, while the explanatory variables can be nominal or ordinal. Several ordinal regression models may be fitted to the data. One method of testing for the goodness of fit of these regression models is by comparing the residual deviance with the @g^2 distribution. In SAS, proc logistic may be used to fit this type of data with proportional odds model. Unfortunately, the residual deviance is not available from the output. Our SAS macro will supplement the SAS output so that the residual deviance test may be carried out. The data from an ongoing HIV study is used as an illustration.
Coulomb blockade doppelgängers in quantum Hall states

In this paper, we ask the question: how well can Coulomb blockade experiments correctly identify and distinguish between different topological orders in quantum Hall states? We definitively find the answer to be: quite poorly. In particular, we write the general expression for the spacing of resonance peaks in a simple form that explicitly displays its dependence on the conformal scaling dimensions of the systems’ edge modes. This form makes transparent the general argument that the Coulomb blockade peak spacings do not provide a strongly indicative signature of the topological order of the system since it is only weakly related to the braiding statistics. We bolster this general argument with examples for all the most physically relevant non-Abelian candidate states, demonstrating that they have Coulomb blockade doppelgangers–candidate states at the same filling fraction with identical Coulomb blockade signatures but dramatically different topological orders and braiding statistics.
Parasitic Copepods From Fishes of the Genus Lophiomus Gill in the Pacific

[Trois nouvelles especes de copepodes sont decrites: Anthessius lophiomi sp. nov., Prohatschekia antennalis sp. nov. et Hoia hoi gen. et sp. nov. Acanthochondria spirigera Shiino, 1955 est signalee. Toutes les especes de copepodes citees ci-dessus sont parasites de poissons du genre Lophiomus dans les regions du sud du Japon et des Hawaii., Trois nouvelles especes de copepodes sont decrites: Anthessius lophiomi sp. nov., Prohatschekia antennalis sp. nov. et Hoia hoi gen. et sp. nov. Acanthochondria spirigera Shiino, 1955 est signalee. Toutes les especes de copepodes citees ci-dessus sont parasites de poissons du genre Lophiomus dans les regions du sud du Japon et des Hawaii.]
A Simplified Model for Ploughing Forces in Turning

This paper aims to provide experimental data in support of a modified theoretical model for quantifying the effect of cutting tool edge geometry on machining forces. A previously published slip-line model is simplified and extended to the case of turning. Several sets of machining experiments were run with custom-fabricated cutting inserts of varying edge hone radius and chamfer geometry. Cutting forces were measured using a dynamometer during cutting. Results show that varying edge geometry can have a major effect on cutting forces. The developed model effectively captures the edge phenomenon and its effect on cutting forces and also offers a glimpse of how the edge geometry can affect dynamic process damping.
Synthesis of P1-Citronellyl-P2-α-d-pyranosyl pyrophosphates as potential substrates for the E. coli undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-N-acetylglucoseaminyl transferase MurG

P(1)-Citronellyl-P(2)-alpha-D-pyranosyl pyrophosphates containing alpha-D-N-acetylglucoseaminyl, alpha-D-glucosyl, and alpha-D-N-acetylmuramyl carbohydrates were synthesized and used in substrate specificity studies of the Escherichia coli MurG enzyme. Oxalyl chloride activation of citronellyl phosphate for coupling to alpha-D-pyranose-1-phosphates resulted in markedly improved yields over traditional Khorana-Moffatt and diphenyl chlorophosphate activation strategies.
Biochemical Association of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 and Its Apoptotic Peptide Fragments with DNA Polymerase β

We have characterized the biochemical association of two DNA damage-dependent enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) [EC 2.4.2.30] and DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) [2.7.7.7]. We reproducibly observed that pol beta is an efficient covalent target for ADP-ribose polymers under standard conditions of enzymatically catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of betaNAD+ as a substrate. The efficiency of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation increased as a function of the pol beta and betaNAD+ concentrations. To further characterize the molecular interactions between these two unique polymerases, we also subjected human recombinant PARP-1 to peptide-specific enzymatic degradation with either caspase-3 or caspase-7 in vitro. This proteolytic treatment, commonly referred to as 'a hallmark of apoptosis', generated the two physiologically relevant peptide fragments of PARP-1, e.g., a 24-kDa amino-terminus and an 89-kDa carboxy-terminal domain. Interestingly, co-incubation of the two peptide fragments of PARP-1 with full-length pol beta resulted in their domain-specific molecular association as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and reciprocal immunoblotting. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that, once PARP-1 is proteolyzed by either caspase-3 or caspase-7 during cell death, the specific association of its apoptotic fragments with DNA repair enzymes, such as pol beta, may serve a regulatory molecular role in the execution phase of apoptosis.
Heterogomphus effeminatus, an unusual new species of rhinoceros beetle from French Guiana [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini]

Heterogomphus effeminatus new species is described from French Guiana. The male holotype is unusual because, unlike most other species in the genus Heterogomphus, it lacks male secondary sexual characters (horns or tubercles). It is distinguished from other species in the genus.
Ceramic materials and nanostructures for chemical sensing

High selectivity, enhanced sensitivity, short response time and long shelf-life are some of the key features sought in the solid-state ceramic-based chemical sensors. Since the sensing mechanism and catalytic activity are predominantly surface-dominated, benign surface features in terms of higher aspect ratio, large surface area and, open and connected porosity, are required to realize a successful material. In order to incorporate these morphological features, a technique based on rigorous thermodynamic consideration of the metal/metal oxide coexistence, is described. By modulating the oxygen partial pressure across the equilibrium M/MO proximity line, formation and growth of new oxide surface on an atomic/ submolecular level under conditions of "oxygen deprivation" , with exotic morphological features has been achieved in a number of metal oxides that are potential sensor materials. This paper describes the methodology and discusses the results obtained in the case of two model systems, viz., tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ).
Subdermal norethindrone pellets -- a method for contraception?

Abstract The mode of action of compressed pellets containing 85 per cent norethindrone (NET) and 15 per cent cholesterol was studied. Four pellets were inserted subcutaneously, in each of five healthy volunteers and left in place for 200–229 days. The NET content of the pellets varied between 23.9 mg and 25.6 mg; and the cholesterol content between 4.2 mg and 4.5 mg. Plasma levels of NET, estradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassays. Plasma levels of NET varied mostly between 1–2 ng/ml the first month after insertion. After two months plasma levels of NET ranged between 0.5 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml in all volunteers and there was a gradual decrease of the plasma NET levels throughout treatment. Pronounced day-to-day variations in plasma NET levels were recorded. The release rates of NET was calculated to be between 187 μg/day and 243 μg/day among the five volunteers. Ovulations occurred in four out of five subjects during treatment. This study indicates that the release of gestagen from four NET pellets was only initially high enough to completely inhibit ovulation, and that to accomplish full contraceptive efficacy, a higher dose, i.e. more pellets, would have to be inserted.
An experimental study of boiling in dilute emulsions, part B: Visualization

Abstract Results are reported of an experimental study of heat transfer in pool boiling of dilute emulsions of pentane in water and FC-72 in water. Heat transfer data for single phase convection, boiling of the dispersed component, and enhanced boiling of the continuous component are correlated with images of the emulsion near the heated surface. Large bubbles are observed to form on the heated surface and remain attached to the surface. There is evidence of boiling of individual droplets that do not contact the heated surface under some circumstances. For very dilute emulsions and at moderate heat flux the attached bubbles are the dominant boiling mode.
Downregulation of Msx-2 expression results in chondrogenesis in the medial region of the avian mandible

Homeobox-containing genes are thought to be regulators of pattern formation during vertebrate development. We have previously characterized regions in the developing chick mandible expressing either Msx-1 or Msx-2 in terms of their chondrogenic potential, rates of cell proliferation, and their correlation with regions of cell death. These experiments suggest that Msx-1 may be involved in outgrowth of the mandibular arch, and Msx-2 may be involved in delineating the non-chondrogenic region of the medial part of the mandibular arch. To further examine the possibility that expression of Msx-2 may be involved in preventing chondrogenesis in the medial region, mandibular arch explants from stage 23 chick embryos were cultured for 4 days in media in the absence of serum but in the presence of 20-30 microM Msx-2 sense or antisense oligonucleotides (18 mers). In explants grown in either control media or with the sense oligonucleotide two rods of cartilage separated by a cartilage free area located in the medial region of the mandible were formed. In explants treated with Msx-2 antisense oligonucleotide cartilage formation was observed in the medial region of the mandible resulting in the fusion of the two bilateral rods at the midline. These results suggest a negative relationship between Msx-2 expression and chondrogenesis in the medial region of the developing mandible.
Problems in teaching and learning about childhood psychosis.

Difficulties in teaching and learning about childhood psychosis are related not only to emotional factors, such as various countertransference phenomena and exposure to the child's primitive and chaotic material, but also to conceptual factors, that is, unresolved contradictions in the usage of the concept of psychosis in work with children. The conceptual problems can be viewed as arising from the fact that the concept “psychosis” grew out of adult psychiatry and only belatedly has been applied to children. This transposition has eventuated in two basic sources of confusion: (a) the carry-over, unnoticed, of certain ambiguities already present in the term “psychosis” as applied to adults; and (b) the failure to make adequate allowance for the new and different context in which the term is applied in work with children. The various conceptual problems resulting from these two sources of confusion are made explicit and are discussed, with the aim of making such problems more manageable by the student. Emotional factors, as they impede the attainment of conceptual clarity, are also discussed.
Adsorbed monolayers of egg albumin.

Abstract 1. 1. The minimum free energy of adsorption of egg albumin on Pyrex glass at pH 4.66 and at 30 ° is −6829 cal./mole. 2. 2. The force-area curve for egg albumin shows the adsorbed film to be more compact than at an air-water surface. 3. 3. The gaseous area of the adsorbed egg albumin is approximately twice that of the fully compressed film.
Reversible carbonylation of a rhodium(I) complex of o-(diphenylphosphino)N,N-dimethylaniline involving displacement of the dimethylamino arm of the chelate

Abstract The coordinately unsaturated complex [Rh{(o-diphenylphosphino)-N,N-dimethylaniline }2]PF6 is described. This compound reversibly adds CO to form [Rh(PN)2(CO)2] PF6 with the concomitant dissociation of the dimethylamino arms of the chelate.
Beclin 1 regulates growth factor receptor signaling in breast cancer

Beclin 1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that is decreased in many human tumors. The function of beclin 1 in cancer has been attributed primarily to its role in the degradative process of macroautophagy. However, beclin 1 is a core component of the vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34)/class III phosphatidylinositoI-3 kinase (PI3KC3) and Vps15/p150 complex that regulates multiple membrane-trafficking events. In the current study, we describe an alternative mechanism of action for beclin 1 in breast cancer involving its control of growth factor receptor signaling. We identify a specific stage of early endosome maturation that is regulated by beclin 1, the transition of APPL1-containing phosphatidyIinositol 3-phosphate-negative (PI3P(-)) endosomes to PI3P(+) endosomes. Beclin 1 regulates PI3P production in response to growth factor stimulation to control the residency time of growth factor receptors in the PI3P(-)/APPL(+)-signaling-competent compartment. As a result, suppression of BECN1 sustains growth factor-stimulated AKT and ERK activation resulting in increased breast carcinoma cell invasion. In human breast tumors, beclin 1 expression is inversely correlated with AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Our data identify a novel role for beclin 1 in regulating growth factor signaling and reveal a mechanism by which loss of beclin 1 expression would enhance breast cancer progression.
A Hartman-Grobman Theorem for a Class of Retarded Functional Differential Equations

Abstract A local stability theorem, an analog of the Hartman-Grobman Theorem, is formulated and proved for retarded functional differential equations with a compact attractor and a solution map that is one-to-one on the attractor. The result that is obtained is directly applicable to analytic retarded functional differential equations with a compact attractor, to dissipative retarded functional differential equations with a continuous attractor, as well as to arbitrary retarded functional differential equations with a compact, continuous, uniformly asymptotically stable attractor.
Clusters, Concepts, and Pseudometrics

Abstract The fields of cluster analysis and concept analysis are both used to identify patterns in data. Concept analysis identifies similarities between sets of objects based on their attributes. Cluster analysis groups objects with related characteristics based on some notion of distance. In this paper, we investigate connections between these two approaches. In particular, for each binary relation defined on a set of objects O and attributes, we define distance functions ρ (on the power set of) and δ (on O ). We prove that ρ and δ are pseudometrics and use them to specify a clustering algorithm that computes a subset of the concept lattice discover new interpretations of basic notions in concept analysis. In particular, we characterize concepts in terms of ρ and characterize a family of concept lattices based on all subsets with a fixed cardinality bound in terms of δ. Our clustering algorithm differs from the classical algorithms since, first, the values of ρ, not δ, determine which pairs of sets are combined at each level, and second, the clusters defined at each level in the algorithm are generally anti-chains and may not be partitions. Therefore, the analysis of the algorithm depends on the metric-geometry of ρ and is more involved than the analysis of the classical algorithms. We have developed a software environment that permits the execution of the algorithm on finite relations and the storage and analysis of the resulting clusters. The algorithm has been run on relations generated from a variety of sources ranging from medical research to sporting events. Our results indicate that the number of iterations of the clustering algorithm is linear in the size of O and produces a linear number of clusters that are concepts. Hence the algorithm can be a useful tool for computing a tractable subset of a very large concept lattice.
The irresistible biology of resistin.

Fuel sources have historically triggered many battles throughout the globe and will likely continue to do so. The design of biological systems is no different. Adipose tissue holds the richest energy sources and exerts substantial influence on the organism. While this fundamental truth has eluded scientists for a long time, it is now clear that adipocytes have established effective communication networks and gained control over important trade routes to maintain their influential status. To this end, these innocent-looking cells appear to utilize two main tools: fatty acids and polypeptide hormones. It is likely that they have additional, yet unknown, signaling mechanisms. It has been known for some time that obesity is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Yet how and why these problems are so closely linked at the molecular level has not been clear. As in most such cases, lack of knowledge led to many conspiracy theories — my favorite one being that agents produced by fat cells affect metabolic control at other sites. An example of such an agent is the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which is produced in excess in obesity and causally linked to insulin resistance (1). Many other such agents have now been added to this list, although unlike TNF-α, some do not mediate adverse effects on metabolism. In fact, some, such as leptin and adiponectin, work to improve the metabolic status of their fellow organs (2).
Dynamic shielding of a charge in a metal

Abstract A discussion of the shielding of a charged particle in a current-carrying conductor is given that is based on the linearized Thomas-Fermi approximation. An expression for the force on a particle of charge q is obtained from which the value of the electric field E c in the conductor may be found: E c = lim q→0 F q /q It is shown that the force on the particle has the form F q = q E 0 × (1 + γ( q e ) + … to second order in the charge q, where E 0 is the electric field at large distances from q, e is the charge of the carrier, and γ is a material-dependent constant. The shielding correction has the character of a “wind-force,” and the electric field in the conductor is given by E c = E 0 .
Treasonous Reconciliations: Robert Southwell, Religious Polemic, and the Criminalization of Confession

In the summer of 1581, the secular Roman Catholic priest Everard Hanse (alias Ducket), a Cambridge graduate and former minister in the English Church, was arrested while visiting prisoners at the Marshalsea prison on suspicion of being a priest. During the trial, William Fleetwood, the recorder of the City of London, questioned Hanse on the authority of the pope in England and asked him whether Pope Pius V’s declaration in the bull Regnans in Excelsis (1570) erred when it proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth was a heretic and should be deposed. According to John Stow’s account of the proceedings, Hanse “affirmed that he himself was subiect to the Pope in ecclesiasticall things, and that the Pope hath nowe the same authoritie here in England that he had an hundred years past” and went on to make “other traiterous speeches” (A summarie 705).1 One of these speeches centered on Hanse’s alleged attempts to remove others from their due obedience to Elizabeth. When Fleetwood “asked whether he spoke the foresaid thing to persuade other men that heard him to be of his mind,” Hanse replied, “I know not what you mean by persuading; but I would have all men to believe the catholic faith, as I do” (Challoner, ed. 1: 34). Hanse was found guilty of high treason and condemned to die. At Tyburn, Hanse was asked if he accepted Elizabeth as his rightful sovereign.
Peritonitis due to Leuconostoc species in a child receiving peritoneal dialysis

Leuconostoc species are rarely pathogenic in humans, but may cause infection in patients at risk. A 7-year-old girl with p-ANCA-positive crescentic glomerulonephritis, treated with peritoneal dialysis, developed peritonitis due to Leuconostoc species. She had a history of treatment with vancomycin and a brief course of immunosuppressive therapy. The peritonitis responded well to ampicillin therapy. To date, only 47 cases of Leuconostoc infection, including our patient, have been reported in the medical literature; 25 of the cases occurred in children. Only 1 prior case has been reported in the setting of peritoneal dialysis. The risk factors for Leuconostoc infections are not clear, but commonly associated conditions include immunocompromised status and indwelling medical devices. Leuconostoc species are easily misidentified as streptococci in culture, but they possess inherent resistance to vancomycin despite sensitivity to most other antibiotics. In patients with gram-positive peritonitis, Leuconostoc should be considered as a possible etiological agent, particularly if vancomycin resistance is noted in an organism thought to be a Streptococcus species.
Determination of carbendazim in soil and lake water by immunoaffinity extraction and coupled-column liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract A method employing a high-performance protein G immunoaffinity column coupled to a reversed-phase analytical column through the use of a trapping column and INTEGRAL Micro-Analytical Workstation for the extraction of carbendazim from lake water samples and soil extracts is described. Characterization of the target analyte is achieved by on-line mass spectrometric analysis. The specificity of immunoaffinity extraction makes it possible to detect low levels of carbendazim in soil samples without interference from matrix components. The use of selected reaction monitoring allows for the achievement of the highest possible sensitivity with a minimum of chemical interference. Carbendazim is enriched from soil extracts at the 100 ppb level. It is possible to detect trace levels (25 pptr) of carbendazim in lake water samples. This is probably due to fewer matrix interferences in water than in soil. Very little sample preparation is required for environmental water samples while a liquid–solid extraction method is required prior to immunoaffinity extraction for soil samples. The ability to pump sample through the protein G column at high flow-rates (10 ml/min) and to automate the column-switching procedure makes the method rapid and efficient. Multiple samples can be analyzed in a relatively short period of time with minimum sample preparation. With the described protocol, three soil or water samples can be analyzed per hour without operator intervention.
Balancing parental contributions in plant embryonic gene activation.

Little is known about chromatin remodeling events immediately after fertilization. A recent report by Autran et al. (2011) in Cell now shows that chromatin regulatory pathways that silence transposable elements are responsible for global delayed activation of gene expression in the early Arabidopsis embryo.
A study of stripped pinched-beam transport for heavy ion fusion

Abstract One of the alternative scenarios for a heavy ion driver for inertial confinement fusion is final transport as a self-magnetic pinch. A beam is stripped by passing it through a thin foil (or gas) which also supplies neutralizing electrons. The beam is then centered in a long conducting pipe which may be surrounded by a solenoid to help the confinement of neutralizing electrons. Additional electrons are supplied by ionization of a low pressure gas in the pipe. Immediately before the stripping foil a mini final focusing system would be applied, which makes the envelope waist of a few millimetre radius at the foil. In this scheme, the usual chromatic aberration constraint on the heavy ion fusion driver can be relaxed by at least an order of magnitude, which gives substantial relief on the longitudinal beam dynamics issues. A simulation study has been performed using an (r, z) particle-in-cell code for all six electromagnetic field components and the three components of particle velocity.
Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neuromuscular pathology in a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis.

The authors report the clinical, neuroradiologic, and neuromuscular pathological findings in a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, previously reported in a single patient with GM1 gangliosidosis, detected a mild reduction of N-acetylaspartate, consistent with relative paucity of axons and neurons and increased levels of myoinositol suggestive of gliotic white matter changes along with the accumulation of an additional compound that could represent either guanidinoacetate or Gal beta 1-6Gal beta 1-4)GlcNAc, an oligosaccharide previously isolated from the urine of GM1 gangliosidosis patients. Although these findings will have to be further confirmed in more patients with GM1 gangliosidosis, they suggest that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy may provide useful end points to assess the efficacy of novel treatments that could soon become clinically available. Histologically, no significant alterations were found in axons, but there was evidence of redundant and in...
Localized surface plasmon resonances arising from free carriers in doped quantum dots

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) typically arise in nanostructures of noble metals resulting in enhanced and geometrically tunable absorption and scattering resonances. LSPRs, however, are not limited to nanostructures of metals and can also be achieved in semiconductor nanocrystals with appreciable free carrier concentrations. Here, we describe well-defined LSPRs arising from p-type carriers in vacancy-doped semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Achievement of LSPRs by free carrier doping of a semiconductor nanocrystal would allow active on-chip control of LSPR responses. Plasmonic sensing and manipulation of solid-state processes in single nanocrystals constitutes another interesting possibility. We also demonstrate that doped semiconductor QDs allow realization of LSPRs and quantum-confined excitons within the same nanostructure, opening up the possibility of strong coupling of photonic and electronic modes, with implications for light harvesting, nonlinear optics, and quantum information processing.
Distinct Mechanisms of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Activation and Bystander Apoptosis Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions

Apoptosis of uninfected bystander T cells contributes to T-cell depletion during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 envelope/receptor interactions and immune activation have been implicated as contributors to bystander apoptosis. To better understand the relationship between T-cell activation and bystander apoptosis during HIV-1 pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of the highly cytopathic CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variant ELI6 on primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Infection of primary T-cell cultures with ELI6 induced CD4(+) T-cell depletion by direct cell lysis and bystander apoptosis. Exposure of primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to nonreplicating ELI6 virions induced bystander apoptosis through a Fas-independent mechanism. Bystander apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells required direct contact with virions and Env/CXCR4 binding. In contrast, the apoptosis of CD8(+) T cells was triggered by a soluble factor(s) secreted by CD4(+) T cells. HIV-1 virions activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to express CD25 and HLA-DR and preferentially induced apoptosis in CD25(+)HLA-DR(+) T cells in a CXCR4-dependent manner. Maximal levels of binding, activation, and apoptosis were induced by virions that incorporated MHC class II and B7-2 into the viral membrane. These results suggest that nonreplicating HIV-1 virions contribute to chronic immune activation and T-cell depletion during HIV-1 pathogenesis by activating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which then proceed to die via apoptosis. This mechanism may represent a viral immune evasion strategy to increase viral replication by activating target cells while killing immune effector cells that are not productively infected.
Solving Part-Part Whole (PPW) Problems

Learning Outcome: Be able to Solve PPW word problems with the bar model and the PPW diagram equation. Materials Needed: Diagram Part-Part-Whole (PPW) Diagram Equation Model Poster PPW Word Problem (WP) Story Grammar Poster Overhead Modeling Modeling PPW problem solving 1, 2, and 3 Student Worksheets Modeling PPW problem solving 1, 2, and 3 Try It Out–PPW problem solving 4, 5, and 6 Independent Worksheet–PPW problem solving 7, 8 and 9 Reference Guide Unit 1: Reference Guide–PPW problem solving 1–9.
Distributed Control over Structured and Lossy Networks

In this paper we consider distributed control of n dynamic agents to optimize an overall system performance metric. Due to limited communication resources, there exist structured interconnections among the agents and the design interest is placed in synthesizing a suitably distributed control law to provide a given performance level. Based on a Youla-Kucera parameterization approach, the problem of designing a distributed controller to deliver given performance levels for different network topologies is convex in the Youla-Kucera parameter Q. Furthermore, if packet drops exist in information transmission among the agents, we provide convex conditions to guarantee mean square stability and optimize system performance.
INFLUENCING THE AGENTS OF URBAN STRUCTURE Evaluating the Effects of Community Reinvestment Organizing on Bank Residential Lending Practices

From the perspective of applied research, a critical urban theory presents the opportunity to become a force for social change. Nowhere has this perspective been more present than in activities around supporting the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The author applies evidence from an evaluation of the impact of CRA organizing to assess the success of efforts to bring about institutional change. This research suggests that local organizing provided the impetus for the establishment of a national political climate favorable to serious CRA enforcement. Evaluation approaches are needed to move theory from being pure critique to developing strategies for change.