cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Principles of Balancing the Foot with Tendon Transfers

The foot is the unique end organ of weight bearing that functions as an essential component of normal efficient walking. It has an adaptable bony architecture that allows prepositioning of its durable...
Gender, Sexuality, and the State in Southeast Asia

My comments in this essay focus on recent scholarship on gender, sexuality, and the state in Southeast Asia and include brief remarks on some of the literature regarding Southeast Asians in the diaspora. In the interests of transparency, I begin by noting that I am an anthropologist by trade and that many of my observations pertain to writings by anthropologists and historians, though I also engage work in other disciplines.
A comparison of algorithms for subsurface target detection and identification using time-domain electromagnetic induction data

The performance of subsurface target identification algorithms using data from time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors is investigated. The response of time-domain EMI sensors to the presence of a conducting object may be modeled as a weighted sum of decaying exponential signals. Although the weights associated with each of the modes are dependent on the target/sensor orientation, the decay rates are a function of the target's composition and geometry and therefore are intrinsic to the target. Since the decay rates are not dependent on target/sensor orientation or other unobservable parameters, decay rate estimation has previously been proposed as a viable method for target identification. The performance attained with Bayesian target identification algorithms operating on the entire time-domain signal and decay rate estimates is compared through both numerical simulations and application to experimental data. The decay rate estimates utilized in the numerical simulations are assumed to achieve the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which provides a lower bound on the variance of an unbiased parameter estimate. The simulations as well as results obtained with experimental data show that processing the entire time-domain signal provides better target identification and discrimination performance than processing decay rate estimates.
Theoretical study of molecular quantum dot cellular automata

Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an alternative paradigm for molecular electronics. Each single molecule acts as a QCA cell and binary information is encoded in the configuration of charge among redox-active molecular sites. Coulomb interaction between neighboring molecules provides information transport from one molecule to another, so the heat dissipation is low because no current through molecular circuits is needed. In this paper, we present a quantum-chemistry ab initio analysis of these two QCA candidates. For Trans-Ru(dppm)/sub 2/(C=CFc)(NCCH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/NH/sub 2/) dication, our calculation confirms a bistable charge configuration in which the binary information can be encoded. The ferrocence and Ru(dppm)/sub 2/ groups are two natural quantum dots in the molecule. The carbon-carbon triple bond connecting these two dots provides the tunneling junction for a mobile electron. Driven by an external electric field, the mobile electron can move from one dot to the other, resulting in an abrupt change of dipole moment. The critical driven field is determined by the energy difference of the bistable states and the effect of counterions as well. Our calculations qualitatively explain the experimental observations.
On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life

Suggestions have been made that asteroid belts may be important both for the existence of life and perhaps even for the evolution of complex life on a planet. Using numerical models for protoplanetary discs, we calculate the location of the snow line, and we propose that asteroid belts are most likely to form in its vicinity. We then show that observations of warm dust in exosolar systems, thought to be produced by collisions between asteroids in a belt, indicate that asteroid belts (when they exist) indeed coincide with the radial location and the temperature of the snow line. Giant planets form outside the snow line and prevent planet formation just inside of their orbit, creating an asteroid belt there. However, the migration of giant planets through the asteroid belt likely disperses the compact formation. We examine existing observations of giant exoplanets and find that less than 4 per cent are at radial locations outside of the snow line. This definitely may be the consequence of observational selection effects. However, with this caveat in mind, we point out that the dearth of giant planets outside the snow line may also suggest that compact asteroid belts are not common, and more speculatively that complex life may not be expected in most of the currently observed systems.
Characterizing the Effect of Microarchitecture Design Parameters on Workload Dynamic Behavior

Program runtime behavior exhibits significant variations across multiple scales. The increasing design complexity and technology scaling make microprocessor performance and efficiency increasingly depend on runtime workload dynamics. Therefore understanding the effect of design parameters on workload dynamics at early, microarchitecture exploration stage is crucial for high-performance and complexity-efficient designs. In this study, we apply wavelet-based analysis to decompose workload dynamics into a series of wavelet coefficients, which represent program behavior ranging from low-resolution approximation to high-resolution detail. We then construct error-bounded linear regression models that relate microarchitecture design parameters to various wavelet coefficients that capture workload dynamics at multiresolution levels. The most significant factors affecting program dynamics at different scales are obtained. To our knowledge, this paper presents the first work on microarchitecture design space exploration focusing on workload dynamics.
Age trends in human chiasma frequencies and recombination fractions. II. Method for analyzing recombination fractions and applications to the ABO:nail-patella linkage.

A new method is presented for studying the relationship between human recombination fractions and parental age at the time of conception. Assuming the sex specific recombination fraction to be a linear function of age, a feasible computer algorithm is described whereby the likelihood of multigenerational families can be calculated. Using this method and the likelihood ratio test, it is found that for the ABO:nail-patella linkage age (P= .17)is more significant than sex (p= .23) in its effect on the recombination fraction. The age effect, if it is real, appears to be limited to males: the paternal recombination fraction decreases by .0062(+/- .0036) per year.
PCA-Based Super-Resolution in Transport Space

In this paper, we describe a single frame super-resolution technique for reconstructing high-resolution face images from their very low-resolution counterparts. Our technique is based on learning a subspace for high-resolution images in the transport space.
Adolescents' self-esteem measured as a specific score on the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory.

Stlmmary.-Scores on the "Your Characteristics" section of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) of 178 high school students (80 boys, 98 girls) were analyzed to determine if what we know about adolescents' self-esteem will predict scores. These adolescents obtained means similar to those of average adults. Implications for counselors are noted. This study used an adapted portion (Part VII) of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (Strong & Campbell, 1974) to measure how adolescents describe themselves. Adolescents as a group, reflecting their inexperience, have lower than average (i.e., less than 50%) response percentage to this section of the test booklet (3). An unusually low response percentage (i.e., less than 40%) has been identified by counselors as a crude indicator of low self-confidence or low self-esteem (3). There seems to be a general consensus that adolescents have lower mean self-esteem than adults. This is usually thought to be related to the substantial psychological and physical changes adolescents undergo (I, 2). The purpose of this study was to assess whether level of self-esteem of ado- lescents would be reflected in scores on the "Your Characteristics" index of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory as the manual suggests (3). The subjects were 178 students from a local high school who were asked by the counselor to participate in a study on self-esteem. See Table 1 below for breakdown by sex and grade. The ethnic composition of the sample included: 118 white (66.2%), 54 black (30.3%), and 6 others (3.3%). Each participant received the "Your Characteristics" section of Administrative Indexes portion of the Strong-Campbell. A high school counselor assisted in the distribution of the "Your Characteristics" section and provided instructions to appropriate teachers. Students completed the section while in homeroom and returned it to their teachers before going to their first period class. Part VII-Your Characteristics-asks respondents to judge how accurately each item describes self and to mark "Yes" if it does, "No" if it does not, and "?" if you cannot decide. Some sample items from the section were: "Usually start activities of my group, Have patience when teaching others, and Prefer working alone rather than on committees." Table 1 presents the means of scores and percentages for the "yes"
Are Bragg Peaks Gaussian

It is common practice to assume that Bragg scattering peaks have Gaussian shape. The Gaussian shape function is used to perform most instrumental smearing corrections. Using Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation, the resolution of a realistic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is generated reliably. Including a single-crystal sample with large d-spacing, Bragg peaks are produced. Bragg peaks contain contributions from the resolution function and from spread in the sample structure. Results show that Bragg peaks are Gaussian in the resolution-limited condition (with negligible sample spread) while this is not the case when spread in the sample structure is non-negligible. When sample spread contributes, the exponentially modified Gaussian function is a better account of the Bragg peak shape. This function is characterized by a non-zero third moment (skewness) which makes Bragg peaks asymmetric for broad neutron wavelength spreads.
Placing the criminalization of school discipline in economic context

The topic of school discipline and punishment has received growing attention. Much of this work explores the rise of exclusion-based policies, increasingly punitive practices, and a buildup of secu...
Data Prospects: IPUMS-International

IPUMS is the world’s largest population database available to researchers. It currently contains individual-level information on 560 million persons from 258 censuses in 79 countries. Most countries provide multiple censuses, enabling study of change over time. Variables are coded consistently across all censuses to facilitate cross-national research IPUMS contains a wealth of migration data, including place of birth, residence 1 or 5 years in the past, and a variety of other variables, depending on the questions asked in particular censuses. Birthplace and prior residence information usually identify both international and internal migration, and the samples are generally large enough to study particular migrant groups. Because IPUMS provides the individual-level census records, it enables researchers to conduct multivariate analyses on the characteristics of migrants and their households as well as how they differ from non-migrants. The data have limitations owing to the differing content of census questionnaires and the suppression of low-level geographic detail to protect respondent confidentiality. Nevertheless, for many research purposes, IPUMS is the best available source of information on migrant populations worldwide.
Analysis and Design of 3G Charging Based on J2EE Framework

Comparing with the 2.5 generation communication system,the 3rd network system provides the consumers with more multi-background service.The characteristic of the 3rd generation network system can efficiently charge for many complicated digital services based on its platform.Meanwhile,the usage of component in J2EE construction makes the business logic independent from the Customer part and the Service-provider part,which greatly improves the needs of increasingly sophisticated business logic as well as provides more convenience to develop,maintain.This article first introduces the 3rd network system then analyzes the needs of 3G charging as well as gives the principle of the charging part.At last,it expatiates on how use J2EE to accomplish 3G charging.
The Road to War, 1931–41

The United States and Japan pursued contradictory goals in the Far East during the 1930s. The Americans wanted naval superiority with Japan and the Open Door with an independent China. The Japanese wanted Washington to accept naval parity and Japanese hegemony over China. These conflicting goals eventually resulted in war.
A Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screen Identifies a Role for Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling during Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus within the Bunyaviridae family capable of causing serious morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock. To identify host factors involved in bunyavirus replication, we employed genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening and identified 381 genes whose knockdown reduced infection. The Wnt pathway was the most represented pathway when gene hits were functionally clustered. With further investigation, we found that RVFV infection activated Wnt signaling, was enhanced when Wnt signaling was preactivated, was reduced with knockdown of β-catenin, and was blocked using Wnt signaling inhibitors. Similar results were found using distantly related bunyaviruses La Crosse virus and California encephalitis virus, suggesting a conserved role for Wnt signaling in bunyaviral infection. We propose a model where bunyaviruses activate Wnt-responsive genes to regulate optimal cell cycle conditions needed to promote efficient viral replication. The findings in this study should aid in the design of efficacious host-directed antiviral therapeutics. IMPORTANCE RVFV is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is endemic to Africa but has demonstrated a capacity for emergence in new territories (e.g., the Arabian Peninsula). As a zoonotic pathogen that primarily affects livestock, RVFV can also cause lethal hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis in humans. Currently, there are nomore » treatments or fully licensed vaccines for this virus. Using high-throughput RNAi screening, we identified canonical Wnt signaling as an important host pathway regulating RVFV infection. The beneficial role of Wnt signaling was observed for RVFV, along with other disparate bunyaviruses, indicating a conserved bunyaviral replication mechanism involving Wnt signaling. Lastly, these studies supplement our knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms of bunyavirus infection and provide new avenues for countermeasure development against pathogenic bunyaviruses.« less
Nonbinary variance-balanced designs–part I, optimality

Let D(v,b,k) be a class of designs with ν treatments and b blocks, each of size k. We show that (i) if a variance-balanced design exists in D(v, b, k), then it is E-optimal. Let Δ(ν, b, k) ⊂ D(v, b, k) containing all the variance-balanced designs. Then we prove that (ii) a design d ∈′ Δ(ν, b,k) is ER-optimal in Δ(ν, b,k) if its replication numbers are as uniform as possible, (iii) a design d in Δ(ν, b,k) is AR-optimal and DR-optimal in Δ(ν, b, k) if its replication numbers are all equal except one, and (iv) a design d in Δ(ν, b, k) has maximum average efficiency in Δ(ν, b,k) if its replications numbers are all equal but one. Average efficiencies of designs in three classes are computed and tabulated at the end.
Water Trading Innovations: Reducing Agricultural Consumptive Use to Improve Adaptation to Scarcity

Abstract Water trading programs have found it necessary to become stricter in requiring and monitoring reductions in agricultural consumptive use to make water available for other purposes at specific times and locations. A number of innovative approaches to structuring transactions to reduce consumptive use and to monitoring changes in water consumption are summarized here. Online trading systems are reviewed for their potential to reduce transaction costs, which have been an impediment to more active trading in many regions. Cost-effective verification of reduced consumptive use and low transaction cost protocols to implement trades are making temporary and intermittent arrangements more feasible in many areas. These breakthroughs help pave the way for more trading to meet environmental and recreational flow needs, uses in which the value of added flows varies across specific locations, seasons, and dry–wet cycles.
Stress/strain basis pairs for anisotropic materials

Abstract The conjugate pair approach, when constructed from an upper-triangular decomposition of the deformation gradient, allows constitutive relations to be constructed without a need to introduce invariant theory. This approach to constitutive construction, previously proposed by the authors, is expanded upon in this paper to include anisotropic materials. Data acquired from 2D polyvinyl-ester composite panels, laid up with a single fiber orientation, are used to contrast the capability of our theoretical model with that of the transversely isotropic fiber model derived from invariant theory by Spencer.
Power and frequency controllable multi-level MHz inverter with soft switching

Wireless Power Transmission Systems (WPTSs) that use capacitive or inductive coupled resonators need to be designed at MHz frequencies to avoid large passive components. Some wireless power applications need power source with frequency control as well as output power control. The advent of high-frequency high-power enhancement-mode Gallium Nitride (eGaN) FETs has made the idea of using efficient switch-mode inverters, instead of linear Radio Frequency (RF) amplifiers for wireless power applications, more realizable. One of the major challenges for this replacement is the design of power and frequency controllable soft switching inverters at MHz ranges with low-pass output filter. This paper presents a soft switching multi-level inverter with dynamic dead-time control designed at 13.56 MHz with 4 MHz output frequency bandwidth. The inverter is designed to eliminate the 3rd and 5th harmonics in the output voltage, which removes the need for a high quality resonant output filter. It is shown through simulation that the inverter can operate as a voltage and frequency controllable supply and deliver almost constant 50W to the load with 4 MHz bandwidth.
The Psychology of Good and Evil: Transforming the Bystanders: Altruism, Caring, and Social Responsibility

the passivity of bystanders People often remain passive both in the face of the mistreatment of groups of people, such as discrimination, torture, mass killing, and genocide, and in the face of events in their society that harm or endanger everyone, such as the destruction of the environment or the nuclear arms race. Socially responsible action is both similar to and different from helping and altruism directed at individuals. To the extent it derives from a feeling of responsibility, its focus is the social good, which includes one's own good but extends to one's group, other groups, and possibly all of humanity. Some of our knowledge of bystander passivity comes from researchs on emergency helping and some from analyses of the psychology of perpetrators, bystanders, and heroic helpers in genocides and mass killings. Type I Bystanders: Passivity in the Face of Mistreatment and Violence There are two categories of Type I bystanders. Those who witness the mistreatment of members of a group of their own society but remain passive are internal bystanders. They may accept demands by the perpetrators that they participate in the persecution, even gradually joining the group. Their silence and their semiactive role often encourage the perpetrators. For example, in Nazi Germany most Germans participated to a greater or lesser degree in the system the Nazis established. They boycotted stores, owned by Jews, broke off relations with Jewish friends, and so on.
The Future of Boundary-Scan

The Boundary-Scan Standard has been available and accessible for about two years now. No standard will survive if it is not adopted by designers and supported by a variety of tool, component, and support vendors. The 1149.1 Standard is off to a good start as evidenced by a survey given in [Cron92]. This survey lists the following entities who claim support for 1149.1: 28 ASIC Foundries 3 Field Programmable Gate Array vendors 92 merchant ICs from 17 vendors 19 Instrumentation/ATE suppliers 13 Tool vendors (software and hardware)
Lifitegrast for the treatment of dry eye disease in adults.

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder that can have a substantial burden on quality of life and daily activities. Lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% is the first medicat...
Location and Mobility Aware Resource Management for 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has recently gained much attention for 5G and Long Term Evolution — Advanced (LTE-A) cellular networks. The recent technology advancement in network virtualization function and software defined radio has enabled virtualization of Baseband Units (BBU) and sharing of underlying general purpose processing infrastructure. All these advancements have made C-RAN feasible and practical. This paper proposes new algorithms for clustering towers based on location and for packing BBU clusters based on the prediction of mobility and traffic patterns and analyzes their complexities. Unlike existing C-RAN studies that compared their performance with that of traditional distributed RAN methods, we evaluate and compare the performance with that of existing C-RAN strategies, based on real cellular tower maps provided by the FCC. The proposed combined clustering and packing algorithms have achieved up to 34.8% better QoS while using only up to 5.8% most towers and 7.4% most hosts than other methods. We believe that the proposed combination of clustering and packing algorithms for C-RAN would be significant for the success of emerging 5G networks.
Adaptive plasticity generates microclines in threespine stickleback male nuptial color

Adaptive phenotypic divergence is typically studied across relatively broad spatial scales (continents, archipelagos, river basins) because at these scales we expect environmental differences to be strong, and the homogenizing effect of gene flow to be weak. However, phenotypic plasticity and phenotype-dependent habitat choice are additional mechanisms that could also drive adaptation across spatially variable environments. We present evidence for apparently adaptive phenotypic variation across surprisingly small spatial scales (
Use of Risk Model for Assessment of Resident Perception of Surgical Complexity and Evaluation of Procedural Competence

Abstract Neurosurgical resident education is a sophisticated process with many evaluation tools currently in use. The American Board of Neurosurgical Surgeons (ABNS) requires a pregraduation pass score on the written exam which objectively stratifies neurosurgical residents' medical knowledge on a single national scale, 360-degree evaluations provide comprehensive training feedback, and the milestone project guides decisions regarding level transitioning and overall progress. Despite this, there is no objective metric for evaluating either the surgical performance of a resident or his or her perceived confidence. Deconstructing complex neurosurgical operations into a series of shared modules can improve the granularity with which we understand a surgeon's comfort with a procedural step and the time it takes to complete that step. Pinpointing the steps in a procedure which residents feel least comfortable performing and concentrating on developing those skills would allow for a more efficient mastery of the procedure and potentially reduce operating room time.
Do interspecific image-based ageing guides produce accurate estimates of nestling ages? – progress toward development of a generalised ageing guide

ABSTRACTImage-based ageing guides of passerine nestlings can produce accurate age estimates. If different species develop similarly, but timing of development differs, creation of a generalised image-based ageing guide for use with nestlings of multiple species is justified if age estimates can be corrected to account for such differences of timing. To explore this idea, inexperienced participants used an image-based ageing guide for Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor nestlings to produce age estimates from images of known-age nestling Eastern Bluebirds Sialia sialis and House Wrens Troglodytes aedon. Participants also used a House Wren ageing guide to produce age estimates of nestling Eastern Bluebirds and an Eastern Bluebird ageing guide to produce age estimates of House Wren nestlings (n = 54 total participants and 2565 age estimates). Ages of nestling bluebirds were generally underestimated with the swallow and wren ageing guides, while ages of wrens were generally overestimated with the swallow and blu...
Trends in and Predictors of Long-Term Antipsychotic Polypharmacy Use Among Ohio Medicaid Patients with Schizophrenia, 2008-2014.

Objective:The study examined trends and patterns in long-term antipsychotic polypharmacy among Ohio Medicaid patients with schizophrenia and predictors of use.Methods:A study using a retrospective ...
Calcineurin inhibitor sparing strategies in renal transplantation, part one: Late sparing strategies.

Calcineurin inhibitor sparing strategies in renal transplantation, part one: Late sparing strategies
Production of carbon fibers through Forcespinning® for use as anode materials in sodium ion batteries

Abstract We report results on the Forcespinning (FS) of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions for the preparation/fabrication of carbon fibers (CFs) as anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The objective of this study is to manipulate the microstructure of the CFs to improve the intercalation kinetics of the sodium ion into the CF structure. The as prepared CFs were porous with an average fiber diameter of 1.99 µm. The electrochemical performance of the CF anodes was investigated by carrying out galvanostatic charge/discharge and impedance experiments on Na+ half cells. The results show that the CF anodes exhibited a high discharge capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at the first discharge (Sodium insertion) and reversible capacity of 88 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The results are promising and show that Forcespun CFs are a stepping stone for anode materials in SIBs.
Localized surfaces of three-dimensional topological insulators

We study the surface of a three-dimensional spin chiral $\mathrm{Z}_2$ topological insulator (class CII), demonstrating the possibility of its localization. This arises through an interplay of interaction and statistically-symmetric disorder, that confines the gapless fermionic degrees of freedom to a network of one-dimensional helical domain-walls that can be localized. We identify two distinct regimes of this gapless insulating phase, a `clogged' regime wherein the network localization is induced by its junctions between otherwise metallic helical domain-walls, and a `fully localized' regime of localized domain-walls. The experimental signatures of these regimes are also discussed.
Report of the ALCTS PARS Preservation Metadata Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C., June 2019

The ALCTS Preservation Metadata Interest Group (PMIG) met on Saturday, June 22, 2019 with an audience of approximately 31 attendees. Two presentations on the topic of “Successful Stories in Preserv...
Carbonyls and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes Affected by Device Type and Use Patterns.

Dangerous levels of harmful chemicals in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols were reported by several studies, but variability in e-cigarette design and use patterns, and a rapid development of new devices, such as JUUL, hamper efforts to develop standardized testing protocols and understand health risks associated with e-cigarette use. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of e-cigarette design, power output, liquid composition, puff topography on e-cigarette emissions of carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine. Four popular e-cigarette devices representing the most common e-cigarette types (e.g., cig-a-like, top-coil, ‘mod’, and ‘pod’) were tested. Under the tested vaping conditions, a top-coil device generated the highest amounts of formaldehyde and CO. A ‘pod’ type device (i.e., JUUL) emitted the highest amounts of nicotine, while generating the lowest levels of carbonyl and CO as compared to other tested e-cigarettes. Emissions increased nearly linearly with puff duration, while puff flow had a relatively small effect. Flavored e-liquids generated more carbonyls and CO than unflavored liquids. Carbonyl concentrations and CO in e-cigarette aerosols were found to be well correlated. While e-cigarettes emitted generally less CO and carbonyls than conventional cigarettes, daily carbonyl exposures from e-cigarette use could still exceed acute exposure limits, with the top-coil device potentially posing more harm than conventional cigarettes.
The Brain and the Bladder: Forebrain Control of Urinary (In)Continence

Neural circuits extending from the cerebral cortex to the bladder maintain urinary continence and allow voiding when it is socially appropriate. Injuries to certain brain regions produce a specific disruption known as urge incontinence. This neurologic symptom is distinguished by bladder spasticity, with sudden urges to void and frequent inability to maintain continence. The precise localization of neural circuit disruptions responsible for urge incontinence remains poorly defined, partly because the brain regions, cell types, and circuit connections that normally maintain continence are unknown. Here, we review what is known about the micturition reflex circuit and about forebrain control of continence from experimental animal studies and human lesion data. Based on this information, we hypothesize that urge incontinence results from damage to a descending pathway that normally maintains urinary continence. This pathway begins with excitatory neurons in the prefrontal cortex and relays subcortically, through inhibitory neurons that may help suppress reflex micturition during sleep and until it is safe and socially appropriate to void. Identifying the specific cell types and circuit connections that constitute the continence-promoting pathway, from the forebrain to the brainstem, will help us better understand why some brain lesions and neurodegenerative diseases disrupt continence. This information is needed to pave the way toward better treatments for neurologic patients suffering from urge incontinence.
Evaluating the rate of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder in children at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

In the present study, we examined the rate of DSM-5 Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) symptoms and diagnoses in a sample of school-aged youth at risk for ASD. Diagnostic evaluations w...
The transcriptomic signature of the aging podocyte.

Aging is the strongest independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Glomerular epithelial cells are unable to proliferate and have limited ability to renew; therefore, podocytes must maintain a delicate intracellular homeostasis that enables them to function and adapt to stress endured during the human life span. Here, Wang et al. performed unbiased transcriptomic analysis of aging podocytes and identified important novel regulators.
TEMPO allegro: liquid catholyte redoxmers for nonaqueous redox flow batteries

Redoxmers are organic active molecules storing energy in redox flow batteries (RFBs). Liquid redoxmers represent an extreme scenario where maximum concentration may be achieved by minimizing supporting solvents, thus maximizing the energy density of RFBs. Herein, a series of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-based high potential (catholyte) liquid redoxmers, TEMPO-EG1, TEMPO-EG2, and TEMPO-EG3, were developed by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. Such modifications not only afford dramatic physical changes from solid to liquid and full miscibility in acetonitrile, but also impact the redox behavior. DFT calculations indicate that the incorporated PEG chains impact the charge distribution, which may account for the electrochemical changes. Importantly, compared to our previous liquid catholytes, the new redoxmers exhibit lower viscosity, which is desired for enhancing high concentration cycling performance. By using a hybrid flow cell, TEMPO-EG1 demonstrated more than 70% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 0.1 M and 66% capacity retention at 0.5 M, affording excellent cyclability at various concentrations. The study exemplifies how molecular engineering tuned the rheological properties of redoxmers, such as viscosity, to improve the high concentration cycling performance of RFBs, which may represent a promising avenue for a high energy density and low-cost flow battery system.
Analysis of Impacts of Terminal Restrictions on Departures in D10 TRACON

The D10 – Dallas-Fort Worth Terminal Radar Approach CONtrol (TRACON) is an air traffic facility that controls and manages aircraft and airspace that consists of multiple airports located in the North Texas area. From an air traffic management standpoint, one of the main challenges in the D10 TRACON is the departure fix capacity as multiple airports compete for resources. This problem is magnified when en route demand/capacity imbalance and inclement weather around the TRACON reduce the capacity at the terminal fixes. This leads to multiple, dynamic Traffic Management Initiative (TMI) restrictions being issued by the Air Traffic Control (ATC) on departing flights. This, in turn, propagates delay to the surface of each airport within the metroplex. The NASA Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) Phase 3 is deployed in D10 to demonstrate new technologies developed to manage the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) traffic in a metroplex environment where multiple airports are interacting and sharing resources at the terminal boundary. This paper uses the ATD-2 terminal restriction data collected in the D10 TRACON to quantify the impact of restrictions on the demand, analyze the relation between terminal restrictions and departure taxi time on airport surface, and establish relationships between restrictions and surface delay. We found that the restrictions on departure flights have a direct adverse effect on departure excess taxi time on the airport surface.
Effect of sulfur additives on coke formation during steam cracking of naphtha

Sulfur compounds are widely used as additives in commercial cracking processes as they play an important role in coke inhibition, CO formation and light olefins yield. It is important to understand the thermal decomposition of sulfur additives and their impact on coke formation to enable the effective utilization of the additives. Thermal decomposition of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and diethyl disulfide (DEDS) is studied experimentally in a bench-scale cracker over a temperature range of 200-800 °C at two concentrations of the additives. The studies indicated that decomposition of DEDS leads to the formation of more ethylene as compared to DMDS at cracking conditions. Hence, both the additives were further evaluated for ethylene and propylene yield, coke formation and CO reduction in steam cracking of naphtha at coil outlet temperature (COT) 810 °C, steam dilution ratio 0.5 and residence time of around 0.4 s. It was observed that DEDS gives 1.28%wt/wt more ethylene compared to DMDS. Thermal decomposition of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and diethyl disulfide (DEDS) is studied experimentally in a bench-scale cracker over a temperature range of 200-800 °C at two concentrations of the additives.
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING

The organic brain syndrome is generally defined as a process of chronic progressive deterioration of cognitive, including memory, functions with secondary emotional, personality, and behavior disturbances. But while it has many different causes, its occurrence is most prevalent in association with the aging process.
Effects of temperature and pCO2 on lipid use and biological parameters of planulae of Pocillopora damicornis

Abstract The successful dispersal and recruitment of coral larvae depend on endogenous energy stores that fuel swimming, the search for optimal habitat, and metamorphosis. Ocean acidification and warming threaten to disrupt this critical process within the life cycle of reef-building corals by increasing maintenance costs in the energy budgets of larvae. In this study, lipid utilization and biological parameters of planula larvae of the cauliflower coral Pocillopora damicornis under future ocean conditions were examined using manipulative CO2 experiments. For the first 24 h following their release, planulae were cultured in seawater controlled to mimic a future ocean scenario (1030 μatm pCO2, 30.7 °C) as well as present-day, ambient ocean conditions (475 μatm pCO2, 28.1 °C; confirmed by autonomous sensors deployed at our study site). Abundance of wax ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipids as well as traits of physiological status were measured before and after incubations. High temperature and pCO2 conditions did not elicit changes in wax ester composition of larvae. Triacylglycerol content increased with temperature but was not sensitive to pCO2. In general, larvae consumed more total lipid and protein in response to conditions of warming but not high pCO2, and the day the larvae were released often played a large role in the biological patterns observed. Our results suggest that future ocean warming may influence some organismal properties of coral larvae. High pCO2 may not have a strong effect on the physiology of this early life history stage.
Specialist Profits and the Minimum Price Increment

NYSE specialist participation rates and profits are affected by the rules that govern their trades. Lowering the minimum tick from $1/16 to $0.01 effectively relaxed the public order precedence rule, gave specialists more price points within the bid-ask spread on which to quote aggressively, and lowered spreads. Due to these offsetting forces, we find that average specialist gross trading profits were not significantly altered, but their participation increased. Cross-sectional analyses reveal that participation rates and high-frequency trading profits increased more for specialists handling stocks where the cost and opportunity of obtaining order precedence were relatively expensive and scarce prior to the tick change.
MEMS technology for optical interconnects

This study discusses MEMS technology including design, modeling, and fabrication facilities, along with a diverse set of optical MEMS devices. This device technology is available for any application, but is particularly well suited for optical (data) interconnection in telecommunications.
On Governing the Market

Robert Wade’s Governing the Market gains its force by challenging orthodoxy. Stripped of important nuances, the orthodoxy in question contended that East Asia’s success could be traced largely to a market-oriented development strategy, and one that placed particular emphasis on incentives to export (“export-led growth”). 1 Governing the Market, a case study of Taiwan with comparative references to Japan and Korea, confronts this existing wisdom in several steps. The first and most central is to document the pervasiveness of government intervention. As a purely empirical matter, Taiwan simply does not fit the free-market model. Making this point is the purpose of chapters 4-6 and it is hammered home throughout the book. Given that interventions and protection are generally associated with distortions, inefficiency, and rent-seeking, defenders of orthodoxy should explain why Taiwan succeeded in such spectacular fashion. As Wade writes, “the balance of presumption must be that government industrial policies, including sectoral ones, helped more than they hindered. To argue otherwise is to suggest that economic performance would have
The Kinetics of Chlorite and Chlorate in the Rat

Chlorine dioxide (CIO2) is under consideration as an alternative to chlorination as a disinfectant for public water supplies. The primary products resulting from CIO2 disinfection of surface waters...
An application of Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle to line source radiation

The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle is discussed and applied to the problem of line source radiation. As shown herein, the principle states that equation, where equation is the variance of the power pattern, equation is the variance of the square of the current distribution, I2 is the power content of the current distribution and L is the length of the radiator Furthermore, the principle can also be used to determine bounds on the radiated power, directivity and radiation resistance for an arbitrary current distribution with full account of the element factor.
A note on the status of "Adapis" priscus Stehlin, 1916.

Reappraisal of the morphology of the type (and only) lower jaw of the Swiss middle Eocene primate "Adapis" priscus shows that it is wrongly attributed to the genus Adapis. Indeed, its closest affinities do not lie with other European primates of the early Tertiary, but rather with the North American genus Smilodectes, to which we transfer the species priscus. The presence in Europe of a species of Smilodectes emphasizes that the separation of the Eocene primate faunas of Europe is substantially less complete than generally believed.
A new finite-element formulation for electromechanical boundary value problems

In this paper, a new finite-element formulation for the solution of electromechanical boundary value problems is presented. As opposed to the standard formulation that uses scalar electric potential as nodal variables, this new formulation implements a vector potential from which components of electric displacement are derived. For linear piezoelectric materials with positive definite material moduli, the resulting finite-element stiffness matrix from the vector potential formulation is also positive definite. If the material is non-linear in a fashion characteristic of ferroelectric materials, it is demonstrated that a straightforward iterative solution procedure is unstable for the standard scalar potential formulation, but stable for the new vector potential formulation. Finally, the method is used to compute fields around a crack tip in an idealized non-linear ferroelectric material, and results are compared to an analytical solution. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MindSeer: a portable and extensible tool for visualization of structural and functional neuroimaging data

Background Three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of multimodality neuroimaging data provides a powerful technique for viewing the relationship between structure and function. A number of applications are available that include some aspect of 3-D visualization, including both free and commercial products. These applications range from highly specific programs for a single modality, to general purpose toolkits that include many image processing functions in addition to visualization. However, few if any of these combine both stand-alone and remote multi-modality visualization in an open source, portable and extensible tool that is easy to install and use, yet can be included as a component of a larger information system.
Chiropractic in America: The History of a Medical Alternative

In the century since founder D.D. Palmer made his "First Adjustment" in 1895, chiropractic has grown to become the second largest healing group in America (after medical doctors) and the most widespread drugless therapy in the world. This book places this unorthodox medical movement in its proper historical setting, examining its relation to other sects, to religious beliefs and to orthodox medicine. Moore offers new interpretations of chiropractic's central schisms - disagreements between so-called "straights" and "mixers", as well as conflicts between D.D. Palmer and his son, B.J. - and of the effects of 19th-century professionalization on the fledgling movement. Drawing on previously unpublished archival material, he also examines the claims by inventors of such devices as the "Polysine Generator" and the "Semi-automatic White Light Instrument".
Blepharoptosis-induced superior keratoconus

Abstract PURPOSE: This clinical case report demonstrates blepharoptosis-induced corneal steepening and its subsequent resolution after blepharoptosis surgery. METHODS: A 62-year-old man complaining of blurred vision without apparent cause on clinical examination underwent keratometry and computerized corneal topography, which revealed superior corneal steepening in both eyes. Bilateral upper eyelid blepharoptosis surgery was performed. RESULTS: Three months after blepharoptosis surgery, repeat computerized corneal topography revealed normal corneal contours with improved vision in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Blepharoptosis is a common condition that may induce superior corneal ectasia that is not evident by manifest refraction, slit-lamp examination, or keratometry. Computerized corneal topography can help detect such subtle corneal abnormalities and guide therapy.
Diffusive Transport of Carbon Dioxide through USW-G4 Topopah Spring Tuffs

The estimation of diffusive transport of gases through tuffs is important in order to assess whether Yucca Mountain is an environmentally safe and acceptable repository for high-level radioactive waste. The purpose of this study is to provide effective diffusivity data which may be used to calculate the amount of diffusion of carbon dioxide through Yucca Mountain tuff layers to the environment. The effective diffusivity of carbon dioxide was measured for tuff samples from five different layers of the USW-G4 drillhole, which is located in the central part of the proposed repository horizon. The tuff samples studied are from the following layers and depths: Vapor Phase (83.6 m), Upper Lithophysal (130.1 m), Middle Nonlithophysal (224.5 m), Lower Lithophysal (243.9 m, 266.9 m, 297.3 m and 335.2 m), and Lower Nonlithophysal (356.3 m and 371.0 m). A steady-state, counter-diffusion method, using gas chromatographic analysis, was used to determine the effective diffusivity of carbon dioxide through tuff samples. Effective diffusivity incrased with temperature between 25°C and 125°C for all layers. The effect of temperature on diffusivity correlated well using second-order polynomials. The porosity, specific surface area and mean pore radius were also determined. In general, diffusivity incrased with porosity, specific surface area and mean pore radius, but did not correlate well. From the measured data, it appears that the diffusion takes place primarily in the combined Knudsen and bulk diffusion regimes.