cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seeking the truth about femoral artery pseudoaneurysm

Despite the use of smaller caliber angiographic and interventional catheters and the advent of new closure techniques, adverse events related to the arterial access site remain the most common noncoronary complication following diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization. While typically not life threatening, arterial access site complications can be associated with significant patient discomfort, lengthened hospitalization, and increased economic costs.
Enterprise architecture view of complex system governance

Enterprises are participating in more complex system-of-systems contexts in order to meet increasing customer demands that require them to share environments and collaborate with multiple other enterprises. Enterprise architecture traditionally presents detailed system architectural views, where their use benefits system designers and developers, and focuses on the value of employing system technical characterisations and utilisations. This paper explores the concept of governance architecture and associated characteristics needed to meet challenges in governing complex systems. Grounded in the viable systems model, we present a set of initial implications for complex system governance concerning the relationship between the metasystem and governed system(s). It is expected these implications will shape a governance architecture framework as a next step.
Pathological and follow-up studies in 539 children with primary nephrotic syndrome

Objective To study the feature of treatment,pathology and follow-up in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods Children with PNS hospitalized in Department of Nephrology of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2005 to December 2009 who had been followed-up longer than 6 months were included.PNS patients were grouped into 2 years,-5 years,-10 years and 10 years groups according to age.The information of treatment,renal pathological lesion and follow-up data in children with PNS were analyzed.Results Five hundred and thirty-nine children(including 402 boys and 137 girls)with PNS were investigated in the study.The ratio of boys to girls was 2.9.Among them,159(29.5%)were under 2 years of age,269(49.9%)aged 2-5 years,84(15.6%)aged 5-10 years,and 27(5.0%)aged over 10 years.①Among them 274(50.8%)patients showed minimal change disease,79(14.7%)patients showed focal segment glomerulosclerosis,173(32.1%)patients showed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,6(1.1%)patients showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,and 7(1.3%)patients showed others's pathologic lesion.The proportional distribution of pathologic lesion type in kidney among 4 groups(2 years,-5 years,-10 years and 10 years)was signifiantly different(P0.05).②The major pathology pattern of children with steroid sensitive and resistant PNS was minimal change disease(62.4% and 69.6%,respectively).The major pathology pattern of children with steroid dependant PNS was mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis(48.4%).③239/539 patients were with complete remission,75 with partial remission,61 invalid,158 with symptomatic control,urine protein(-),but still taking prednisone.Six cases died due to glucocorticoid resistance with severe infection or progression to end-stage renal disease to give up medical treatment.Conclusions In recent years,the age of onset,sex,pathologic lesion type and response to steroid therapy of children with PNS may change,and there existed significant differences in patients with different ages.
Design of the Measuring and Controlling System for Hydraulic Bursting Test Bed Based on LabWindows/CVI

A software of measuring and controlling system for hydraulic bursting test bed was developed based on LabWindows/CVI.The structure and working principle of both hardware and software were introduced and the data acquisition and processing module was highlighted.DLL,database and multithreading technology were used in the process of software designing to rationalize the software function.The program debugging result shows that the test system has rational functions,and meets the requirements of testing accuracy and technical indexes.
IMPROVEMENT OF Nb_2O_5 CATHODE ACTIVITY FOR NIOBIUM PREPARATION BY ELECTRO-DEOXIDATION

An activity improvement of Nb2O5 cathode used in preparing Nb with electro-deoxidation in a eutectic CaCl2-NaCl melt was realized by adding graphite powders and calcium carbonate into Nb2O5 powders, which were compacted into pellets and sintered, and then conducted as a cathode. The current-time experiments show that the additions of graphite powders and calcium carbonate powders obviously increase the velocity of the direct electrochemical reduction of solid Nb2O5 to metallic Nb. The reason is that the additions increase the oxygen vacancies in Nb2O5 crystal and surface area of the sintered Nb2O5 particles.
Detection and analysis of Vibrio cholera in aquatic products of Changde city during 2010-2013

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of Vibrio cholerae in acquatic products of Changde city during 2010-2013,understand the pollution status of acquatic products in the city,so as to take scientific and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of cholera epidemic. Methods Meijiang market as the largest aquatic products wholesale market in Changde city was selected as cholera monitoring point. Sampling,inspection,testing,identification and investigation of the aquatic products in this market were monitored from May to October every year in accordance with"National scheme for cholera monitoring" and"Hunan provincial scheme for cholera monitoring". Results Forty- six strains of Vibrio cholera were isolated from a total of 636 aquatic products from 2010 to 2013,and the total positive isolation rate was 7. 23%. There were 24 strains of O139 Vibrio cholerae,and 23 strains were found enterotoxin positive,accounting for 95. 83%. The other 22 strains of Vibrio cholerae were O1 group,and enterotoxin positive were found in 1 strain,accounting for only 4. 55%. Conclusion Higher Vibrio cholerae infection rate was found in aquatic products in Changde city,and Vibrio cholerae O139 take a large proportion,and most of them were enterotoxin positive. So monitoring and supervision on aquatic products market,health guidance and management of rural dinner,as well as the health development of aquatic product breeding industry should be further strengthened.
Gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Common dilemmas in management.

An accurate diagnosis is essential to define the source of gastrointestinal tract bleeding at any level. Diagnostic options include flexible endoscopy, radionuclide scanning, and arteriography. The management of variceal bleeding is, for the most part, injection sclerotherapy, with operation reserved for rebleeding. Accurate pinpointing of colonic bleeding is essential, followed by limited excision. Some sources of lower gastrointestinal-tract bleeding can be treated by therapeutic endoscopy.
Bacteriophage Transduction in Staphylococcus aureus : Broth-Based Method

The ability to move DNA between Staphylococcus strains is essential for the genetic manipulation of this bacterium. Often in the Staphylococci, this is accomplished through transduction using generalized transducing phage and can be performed in different ways and therefore the presence of two transduction procedures in this book. The following protocol is a relatively easy-to-perform, broth-based procedure that we have used extensively to move both plasmids and chromosomal fragments between strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Experience with pubovaginal slings for urinary incontinence at the University of Michigan.

AbstractIn July 1983 pubovaginal slings were used first at our university to treat incontinence in female patients with poor urethral function. From then until July 1, 1986, 82 such procedures were performed on a diverse group of patients, including a male patient. Initial success occurred postoperatively in 67 patients, with 15 failures. Of these failures 7 were related to urethral dysfunction. Another sling procedure was done in 2 patients and they are continent, while 3 were treated with medication: 2 became dry and 1 remains wet. A total of 8 patients suffered detrusor-related incontinence postoperatively (2 required augmentation cystoplasty for poor bladder compliance). To date 78 patients (95 per cent) are continent. Of the patients 2 required periodic intermittent catheterization for more than a year postoperatively and 12 are managed by chronic intermittent self-catheterization on a planned basis for neurogenic vesical dysfunction. (J. Urol., 138: 525–526, 1987)
Pancreatic cancer biology and genetics from an evolutionary perspective

Cancer is an evolutionary disease, containing the hallmarks of an asexually reproducing unicellular organism subject to evolutionary paradigms. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (hereafter referred to as pancreatic cancer) is a particularly robust example of this phenomenon. Genomic features indicate that pancreatic cancer cells are selected for fitness advantages when encountering the geographic and resource-depleted constraints of the microenvironment. Phenotypic adaptations to these pressures help disseminated cells to survive in secondary sites, a major clinical problem for patients with this disease. In this Review we gather the wide-ranging aspects of pancreatic cancer research into a single concept rooted in Darwinian evolution, with the goal of identifying novel insights and opportunities for study.
Effects of membrane stiffening on focal-adhesion bonding under steady and unsteady conditions

Summary form only given. Platelets adhesion occurs at focal adhesions (FA), where cell-membrane receptors bind specifically to substrate proteins and couple to each other and to the cytoskeleton via various cellular proteins. Some of the reactions that follow the ligand-receptor binding at the FA may affect mechanical determinants of the cell-substrate attachment. The resulting molecular structure suggests that the cortex stiffens at the FA, which likely affects platelet adhesion. The present work explores that hypothesis using a numerical simulation of the 3D membrane flexible structure under steady and unsteady bond kinetic and detachment forces. The cortex is modeled as a shell anchored to the substrate by unevenly distributed adhesion forces and subjected to externally detachment forces. In the simulated models, the steady case address to a stabilized condition, when both the adhesion forces and the detachment forces are steady. In the unsteady case, however, some aspects of bond kinetics and unsteadiness in the external detachment forces are incorporated. The commercial finite-element package ADINA (Watertown, MA) is used to solve the 3D time-dependent structural equations in the model. The results show the effect of cortex stiffening at the focal adhesion sites on the membrane deformation for both the steady and unsteady cases. The consequent internal stresses are described and the effects of membrane stiffening on the bonding forces are compared for the different cases. In addition, the effect of uneven distribution of focal adhesion complexes on the cells' structural support is evaluated and the consequences on cell function and behaviors are discussed
“Biometrics — Iris recognition system” A study of promising approaches for secured authentication

To automatically identify and authenticate an individual person biometric systems use unique features or characteristics of an individual. Since the last decade researchers are using Iris recognition for this purpose. Iris recognition technology is in more demand due to reliability and perfection towards recognition rates. Communication networks and mobile commerce are the application areas where biometrics is used to authenticate a person. To authenticate users and transactions, Iris based applications use infrared and video cameras. For identification on large scale database applications accuracy, speed and template size are important attributes. This paper outlines research made on characteristics of Iris Recognition Technology which makes it very attractive for using as an authenticating system to identify individual. The segmentation process used to locate the iris structure affects the performance of iris recognition system. The techniques which are employed for enhancing the performance of recognition during segmenting the iris and extracting the iris features are considered here.
The amplitudes of Seismic Waves Reflected and Refracted at the Earth's Core

The present paper is based upon the author's recent investigation of "The Partition of Energy among Seismic Waves Reflected and Refracted at the Earth's Core.'' Its purpose is the expression of the amplitudes of certain waves reflected and refracted at the earth's core in terms of the horizontal and vertical components of the displacement which they produce at the surface of the earth.
Parameters and characteristics of transmission lines

With the rapidly increasing demand for electricity in China, many power transmission lines have been constructed and put into commercial operation, especially the UHV AC and DC transmission lines. The inspection and maintenance of those lines are demanding tasks. The electrical and mechanical parameters and characteristics of transmission lines are important for their operational safety and reliability, as those working on them should know. The general development and main structure of transmission lines are introduced in Section 1.1. The electrical characteristics of transmission lines, including the AC power frequency discharge feature, the lightning and switching impulse voltage discharge feature for typical air gaps, the varying voltage discharge features of air gaps, corona features, and the noise and radio interference features for transmission lines are discussed and analyzed in the first part of Section 1.2. The mechanic parameters and characteristics of transmission lines are introduced in the latter part of Section 1.2.
Microinjection of mitotic cells

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the method of direct needle microinjection and discusses the application of this method in the study of mitotic cells. As virtually any molecule of interest that can be purified and obtained at an appropriate concentration can be injected into the living mitotic cell, this method can be utilized to study how diverse molecules participate in the events of mitosis. Microinjection of mitotic cells combines high-resolution light microscopic analysis of mitotic events in the living cell with the ability to selectively modify and/or monitor specific molecules. Mitotic cells can be injected with function blocking antibodies and various inhibitors or toxins to determine the contribution of the targeted molecules to mitosis. A recent report also demonstrates that microinjected mRNA molecules can be translated in mitotic cells, thus providing an additional means to modify the molecular composition of the injected cell. In addition to inhibiting the normal function of target molecules, microinjection also makes it possible to monitor the behavior and distribution of various molecules during mitosis.
Adaptive blocked Gibbs sampling for inference in probabilistic graphical models

Inference is a central problem in probabilistic graphical models, and is often the main sub-step in probabilistic learning procedures. Thus, accurate inference algorithms are essential to both answer queries on a learned model, as well as to learn a robust model. Gibbs sampling is arguably one of the most popular approximate inference methods that has been widely used for probabilistic inference in several different domains including natural language processing, computer vision. etc. Here, we develop an approach that improves the performance of blocked Gibbs sampling, an advanced variant of the Gibbs sampling algorithm. Specifically, we utilize correlation among variables in the probabilistic graphical model to develop an adaptive blocked Gibbs sampler that automatically tunes its proposal distribution based on statistics derived from previous samples. Specifically, we adapt the proposal such that we sample blocks containing highly correlated variables more often than the others. This in turn helps improve probability estimates given by the sampler, by selecting hard-to-sample variables more often during the sampling procedure. Further, since adaptation breaks the Markovian property of the sampler, we develop a method to guarantee that our sampler converges to the correct stationary distribution despite being non-Markovian, by diminishing the adaptation of the selection probabilities over time. We evaluate our method with several discrete probabilistic graphical models taken from UAI challenge problems corresponding to different domains, and show that our approach is superior in terms of accuracy as compared to methods that ignore correlation information in the proposal distribution of the sampler.
Phase 2 and biomarker study of trebananib, an angiopoietin-blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab for patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Background Angiopoietins contribute to tumor angiogenesis and may be upregulated as a compensatory factor after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade. The authors performed a phase 2 and biomarker study to evaluate trebananib, an angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 blocking peptibody, with and without bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Methods Forty-eight patients who had bevacizumab-naive, recurrent glioblastoma were treated with trebananib (30 mg/kg weekly) as single agent (n = 11) or combined with bevacizumab (n = 37). The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival rate as determined by investigator review. Circulating biomarker levels were assessed before and after study therapy. Results Trebananib was well tolerated as monotherapy and did not enhance bevacizumab-associated toxicity. Trebananib had no single-agent activity, and all treated patients exhibited progressive disease within 2 months. The 6-month progression-free survival rate for trebananib plus bevacizumab was 24.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1%-38.8%); whereas the median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.5-4.7 months), and the 12-month overall survival rate was 37.8% (95% CI, 22.6%-53.0%). Baseline and post-treatment changes in circulating vascular VEGF and interleukin-8 levels were correlated with survival among patients who received trebananib plus bevacizumab. Conclusions Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 inhibition with trebananib was ineffective as monotherapy and did not enhance the ability of VEGF blockade with bevacizumab to improve the outcomes of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Cancer 2018;124:1438-48. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
On Discourse Features Inheritance in the vP Information Structure: Evidence from Depictive Secondary Predication in Standard Arabic

In this paper, I present an argument based on empirical data from depictive secondary predication in Standard Arabic (SA) for the assumption that the light v is merged with discourse features that V inherits at some point of derivation (Miyagawa 2010; Jimenez Fernandez & Spyropoulos 2013). The depictive structure in SA exhibits different word order permutations that correspond to the discourse properties of the structure. As such, SA manifests itself as a discourse‐agreement language with discourse and phi‐agreement features on the phase head (e.g., C or v) being transferred into relevant heads of phase complements (e.g., T or V). Such an environment triggers the different rearrangements of the depictive phrase within the vP under Last Resort. To enable movement out of the non‐subcategorized structure of the adjunct small clause, I employ a sideward movement strategy (Nunes 1995, 2001, 2004) to derive the pattern in question.1
A Prescription for Organizational Dis-eases

This chapter places the attention of the reader on the mayhem generated by king-think, which in turn outlines the top organizational dis-eases that often run amuck in an organization. While organizational citizens observe the pandemonium, three feasible responses are delineated. This third component of the boardroom boldness model is then aligned with the theory of nonviolent actions to mitigate wrong. Historical data is presented for the reader to understand the power of the pen, e-pen and legal pen. By drawing upon the military theory of Clausewitz’s trinity, an empirical case is made to appeal to the consciousness of we the people to correct actions. The chapter concludes by upholding a historical model to help transform the twenty-first-century workforce.
Career Counseling for the Gifted and Talented: A Life Span Development Approach

One milestone of adolescence is determining a career direction. For the nation’s most talented students, evidence suggests that conventional approaches to career development may not be adequate. This chapter outlines the unique challenges of providing career counseling to gifted students, and provides an examination of how social cognitive career theory can be used to assist students. Finally, the career needs of various special populations of gifted and talented students are examined.
Tile Drainage and Anthropogenic Land Use Contribute to Harmful Algal Blooms and Microbiota Shifts in Inland Water Bodies

Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs), driven by nutrient inputs from anthropogenic sources, pose unique risks to human and ecological health worldwide. A major nutrient contributor is agricultural land use, specifically tile drainage discharge. Small lakes and ponds are at elevated risk for HAB appearance, as they are uniquely sensitive to nutrient input. HABs introduce exposure risk to microcystin (MC), hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic cyanotoxins. To investigate the impact of anthropogenic land use on small lakes and ponds, 24 sites in central Ohio were sampled over a 3-month period in late summer of 2015. MC concentration, microbial community structure, and water chemistry were analyzed. Land use intensity, including tile drainage systems, was the driver of clustering in principle component analysis, ultimately contributing to nutrient deposition, a driver of HABs. Relative abundance of HAB-forming genera was correlated with elevated concentrations of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate. One location (FC) showed MC concentrations exceeding 875 μg/L and large community shifts in ciliates (Oligohymenophorea) associated with hypoxic conditions. The prokaryotic community at FC was dominated by Planktothrix sp. These results demonstrate the impact of HABs in small lakes and ponds, and that prevailing issues extend beyond cyanotoxins, such as cascading impacts on other trophic levels.
Optimal Angular Coordinate Measurements by Optical Location

The measurement of the angular coordinate of a point object by use of a scanning optical location system is considered, with quantum properties of light taken into account. Both the signal and the noise photons flows are assumed to be independent Poisson random processes with angle-dependent expected values. The maximum likelihood estimate of the angular coordinate is found, and the asymptotic variance of the estimate is calculated. The exact distribution of the estimate and other explicit results are obtained for the case of Gaussian angular distribution. A numerical example is given.
Making the Invisible Causes of Population Health Visible: A Public Health of Consequence, August 2018.

A review is presented of the articles "Austerity Policies and Mortality in Spain After the Financial Crisis of 2008" by Antonio Cabrera de Leon and others, "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Arrests for Drug Possession After California Proposition 47, 2011–2016" by Alyssa C. Mooney and others, and "Subsidized Housing and Adult Asthma in Boston, 2010–2015" by Amar J. Mehta and others.
The Vpp Mouse

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a class of blinding retinal disorders which lead to the same clinical phenotype (1). RP may be inherited as a genetic trait in autosomal recessive (ar), autosomal dominant (ad) and X-linked fashions. While it had long been suspected that RP initially involves the photoreceptor cells, it was not until defects in photoreceptor-specific gene products were identified in patients with adRP (2) or arRP (3,4) that this suspicion was confirmed. This new information has reoriented the approach taken to clinical studies of RP patients since the disease may now be identified by the specific point mutation involved (5). In addition, for rhodopsin mutations which act as dominantly-inherited traits, this new information has led to the development of strains of transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of the rhodopsin gene and which develop a progressive photoreceptor degeneration (6-9). The purpose of this chapter is to summarize a series of studies that have been carried out on one of these transgenic lines, the so-called ‘VPP’ mice (7). The available evidence indicates that the VPP mice may be a particularly useful animal model of adRP because they bear a close phenotypic similarity to adRP patients carrying the P23H point mutation and because a large body of information has now been produced concerning the characteristics of the degenerative process and how the time course may be influenced by environmental and genetic factors.
Silicide Contact and Gate in Microelectronic Devices

A brief review about silicide metallization technology, i.e. the use of transition metal silicides as contacts and gates in large scale integrated silicon devices is presented and a short discussion about the low temperature redistribution of dopant induced by a moving silicidesilicon interface is included.
The role of weight gain in explaining the effects of antipsychotic drugs on positive and negative symptoms: An analysis of the CATIE schizophrenia trial

Abstract Second-generation antipsychotics are associated with moderate benefits in terms of improved schizophrenia symptoms, but also with higher rates of side-effects such as excessive weight gain (WG); a consensus on their efficacy has not been reached. To date, no study has evaluated the interplay of treatments and side-effects in a single framework, which is a critical step to clarify the role of side-effects in explaining the efficacy of these antipsychotics. We used recent methods for mediation and interaction to clarify the role of WG in explaining the effects of second-generation drugs on schizophrenia symptoms. We used data from 1460 participants in the CATIE trial, assigned to either perphenazine (first-generation comparison drug), olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone. The primary outcome was an individual's score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for symptoms of schizophrenia after 9 months, separately evaluated as positive (PANSS+), negative (PANSS−), and total PANSS score. WG after 6 months was investigated as a potential mediator and effect modifier. Results showed that, by limiting WG, patients would benefit of a considerably better improvement in terms of PANSS symptoms. In the scenario of weight change being controlled between −2% and 1% for all participants, patients assigned to olanzapine would experience the highest significant improvements in both PANSS+ (−2.66 points; 95% CI: −4.98, −0.35), PANSS− (−1.59; 95% CI: −4.31, 1.14), and total PANSS (−6.11; 95% CI: −13.13, 0.92). In conclusion, occurrence of excessive WG hampers the potentially beneficial effects of second-generation antipsychotics, thus suggesting future directions for treatment and interventions.
The Federal Trade Commission Hearings on Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century, Privacy, Big Data, and Competition, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This comment is submitted in response to the United States Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) hearing on Concentration and Competitiveness in the U.S. Economy as part of the Hearings on Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century. We submit this comment based upon our extensive experience and expertise in antitrust law and economics. As an organization committed to promoting sound economic analysis as the foundation of antitrust enforcement and competition policy, the Global Antitrust Institute commends the FTC for holding these hearings and for inviting discussion concerning a range of important topics. Businesses today have greater access to data than ever before. Firms now have access to data at high volume, high velocity, and high variety—a phenomenon known as “big data.” The increasing prevalence of big data creates new questions for antitrust enforcers. This comment will discuss how big data should be considered in the context of antitrust analyses.
Low-intensity Exercise Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice.

Introduction Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been noted to improve wound healing rates in mice and people, but different intensities of exercise may have different impacts on healing rates. It is important to determine the most beneficial exercise intensity for improving wound healing in people with type 2 diabetes to help prevent wounds from becoming chronic, greatly reduce pain and immobility, and lower the high cost of health care associated with treatment. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of low-intensity exercise compared with high-intensity exercise in terms of the rate of wound healing in diabetic mice. Materials and methods Twenty-one 10-week-old female diabetic mice were randomly assigned to a sedentary control group (CON), low-intensity treadmill exercise (LEX) group, or high-intensity treadmill exercise (HEX) group. Mice were exercised for 30 minutes, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. Mice were wounded on their upper back with a 3.5-mm punch biopsy instrument, and wounds were photographed at the same time every day. Results In terms of the length of time it took wounds to fully heal, CON mice healed in an average of 14.4 ± 2.4 days (number of days to decrease to less than 10% of their original size ± standard deviation) and HEX mice in 14.0 ± 3.0 days (P = .396). However, LEX mice healed faster than CON in an average of 10.1 ± 2.3 days (P = .004). Conclusions In this preliminary investigation, low-intensity exercise accelerated wound healing rates in diabetic mice but high-intensity exercise did not. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms behind this effect and evaluate different intensities of exercise on wound healing in humans with type 2 diabetes.
Лемківска Республика во Фльоринці 1918‑1921

Florynka Republic 1918-1921The main part of the article is a synthesis of the issues discussed by the author in his book Dzialalnośc polityczna Łemkow na Łemkowszczyźnie 1918‑1921 [Political activity of the Lemkos in the Lemko Region in 1918‑1921]. The author presents successive phases of the activity of the Lemko elites who were inspired by the message expressed by Woodrow Wilson in his speech about the nations’ right to self-determination. The article quotes the demands formulated at national councils, reconstructs the structure of administration and government and demonstrates the connections between and the political agenda of the leaders who comprised the Ruthenian National Republic of the Lemkos. Furthermore, the author emphasizes the mutual attitudes between the Poles and the Lemkos in that period, as well as the restrictions imposed on the Lemko population and discusses how the Lemko Republic ended after its leaders were arrested and then acquitted several months later at a court trial. This synthesis is preceded by a contemporary introduction whose primary goal is to present the state of research that has been carried out since 1997.
Celestial Mechanics of Rubble Pile Bodies

This chapter derives the general equations for interacting rigid bodies accounting for their rolling motion on each other. The derivation of the non-rolling motions has been given previously, but to accommodating rolling and slipping motion it is necessary to develop a non-holonomic form of the equations of motion. The resulting derivation shows that the key analysis parameters for a collection of grains that gravitationally attract and rest on each other are preserved in this more advanced formulation. The chapter ends with a simple application of these results to a series of bodies that can roll on each other, satisfying a non-holonomic constraint.
Optogenetics: Tools for Controlling Brain Cells with Light

The brain is made out of an incredible diversity of cells called neurons, which have different shapes, are made of different molecules, and that change in different ways in diseases. In optogenetic...
Toward a Family-Friendly Academy: HRD’s Role in Creating Healthy Work–Life Cultural Change Interventions:

The ProblemThe ideal worker in the Academy devotes most of their lives to scholarly pursuits, which leaves little time for family. This problem leads to work–life conflict, which is particularly co...
Lay Sanctity in the Central Middle Ages, 970–1120

This article surveys a collection of lay saints who were neither martyrs nor born into a royal family to show that, despite previous assumptions, this type of sainthood was possible before developments of the twelfth century. Two main themes emerge from their cults, namely an attempt to promote pious role models for the lay aristocracy and the growth of pilgrimage as an expression of wider devotion. The cults are also situated in the context of the Gregorian reform movement, showing that they contribute to a picture of clergy and laity working symbiotically rather than in opposition.
Glucagon Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility to Diabetes in a Model of Chronic Hyperglucagonemia

Elevation of glucagon levels and increase in α-cell mass are associated with states of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Our previous studies have highlighted the role of nutrient signaling via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulation that controls glucagon secretion and α-cell mass. In the current studies we investigated the effects of activation of nutrient signaling by conditional deletion of the mTORC1 inhibitor, TSC2, in α-cells (αTSC2KO). We showed that activation of mTORC1 signaling is sufficient to induce chronic hyperglucagonemia as a result of α-cell proliferation, cell size, and mass expansion. Hyperglucagonemia in αTSC2KO was associated with an increase in glucagon content and enhanced glucagon secretion. This model allowed us to identify the effects of chronic hyperglucagonemia on glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin secretion and resistance to glucagon in the liver. Liver glucagon resistance in αTSC2KO mice was characterized by reduced expression of the glucagon receptor (GCGR), PEPCK, and genes involved in amino acid metabolism and urea production. Glucagon resistance in αTSC2KO mice was associated with improved glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced β-cell destruction and high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. These studies demonstrate that chronic hyperglucagonemia can improve glucose homeostasis by inducing glucagon resistance in the liver.
Zygomorphic flowers are visited by fewer species

ABSTRACT Botanists have long identified bilaterally symmetrical (zygomorphic) flowers as having more specialized pollination interactions than radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers. Zygomorphic flowers facilitate more precise contact with pollinators, guide pollinator behaviour, and exclude less effective pollinators. However, to our knowledge, whether zygomorphic flowers are actually visited by a smaller subset of available pollinator species has not been broadly evaluated. We compiled 53,609 floral visitation records in 159 communities around the world and classified the plants’ floral symmetry. Globally and within individual communities, plants with zygomorphic flowers are indeed visited by fewer species. At the same time, zygomorphic flowers share a somewhat larger proportion of their visitor species with other co-occurring plant species, and have particularly high sharing with co-occurring plants that also have zygomorphic flowers. The structures of visitation sub-networks for plants with different floral symmetry also differ in ways that may arise from differences in visitor diversity, with sub-networks of zygomorphic species showing greater connectance, greater asymmetry, and lower coextinction robustness of both plants and visitor species. These results provide context for widely documented associations between zygomorphy and diversification and imply that species with zygomorphic flowers may face greater risk of extinction due to pollinator loss.
Twenty Eight Days in the Life of a Vocal Pathology: A Case Study of Videolaryngostroboscopy, Acoustic, and Perceptual Variability

Summary The purpose of this investigation was to observe laryngeal tissue and vocal function changes over the course of 28 days in a single participant diagnosed by a laryngologist with bilateral nodules. Laryngeal imaging, acoustic variables and perceptual assessments of voice quality, and perceived vocal effort were obtained every morning for 28 consecutive days. A daily journal of occupational and recreational voice use as well as menstruation and alcohol consumption was maintained each day. It was hypothesized that the laryngeal pathology would appear more extensive and the vocal function measures obtained would be worse following extensive voice use. Laryngeal imaging, acoustic variables, and perceptual measures quantified provided evidence to support the study hypotheses. The size, extent, and asymmetry of the bilateral vocal pathologies observed were more extensive on days following occupational and recreational vocal loading. Acoustic and perceptual measures obtained correlated with the laryngeal tissue changes observed. Study findings support a more holistic approach to laryngeal pathology diagnosis that is based on a more thorough understanding of vocal loading considerations up to 48 hours prior to laryngeal endoscopy to better understand the pathophysiology of the observed lesion(s) for most accurate clinical diagnosis.
Abstract PO-090: Protein-based immune profiles of basal-like vs luminal breast cancers

Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play an important, but incompletely understood role in chemotherapy response and prognosis. In breast cancer, there appear to be distinct immune responses by subtype, but most studies have used limited numbers of protein markers or bulk sequencing of RNA to characterize immune response, in which spatial organization cannot be assessed. Methods: To identify immune phenotypes of Basal-like vs. Luminal breast cancer we used the GeoMx® (NanoString) platform to perform digital spatial profiling (DSP) of immune-related proteins in tumor whole sections and tissue microarrays (TMA). Visualization of CD45, CD68, or pan-Cytokeratin by immunofluorescence was used to select regions of interest (ROIs) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. 44 antibodies representing stromal markers and multiple immune cell types were applied to quantify the tumor microenvironment. Results: In whole tumor slides, immune hot spots (CD45+) had increased expression of many immune markers, suggesting a diverse and robust immune response. In epithelium-enriched areas, immune signals were also detectable and varied by subtype, with Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, FOXP3) being higher in Basal-like vs. Luminal breast cancer. Extending these findings to TMAs with more patients (n=75), we confirmed subtype-specific immune profiles, including enrichment of Treg markers in Basal-likes. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that immune responses can be detected in epithelium-rich tissue, and that TMAs are a viable approach for obtaining important immunoprofiling data. In addition, we found that immune marker expression is associated with BC subtype, suggesting possible prognostic or targetable differences. Citation Format: Andrea Walens, Linnea T. Olsson, Xiaohua Gao, Alina M. Hamilton, Erin L. Kirk, Stephanie M. Cohen, Bentley R. Midkiff, Yongjuan Xia, Mark E. Sherman, Nana Nikolaishvili-Feinberg, Katherine A. Hoadley, Melissa A. Troester, Benjamin C. Calhoun. Protein-based immune profiles of basal-like vs luminal breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-090.
Cultural heritage conservation easements: Heritage protection with property law tools

Conservation easements are quickly becoming a favored tool for protection of cultural heritage. Perpetual encumbrances on the use of private land, most cultural heritage conservation easements are held by private conservation organizations known as land trusts. With minimal public oversight, land trusts decide which lands to protect in perpetuity and what the rules regarding use of those lands should be. A variety of concerns arise when protection of cultural heritage resides with private organizations. First, as governments abdicate cultural heritage protection to private organizations, the public’s role in site protection shifts. When private organizations and landowners negotiate which properties to protect and how to protect them, some culturally important sites go unprotected. Privatizing protection of cultural sites may reduce the ability of some members of the public to become involved in the decision of what to protect as well as hamper public oversight and enforcement of land-use restrictions. It may even reduce overall protection as public entities remove themselves from the cultural heritage protection game, ceding the territory to land trusts. Second, private perpetual restrictions problematize the balance between intergenerational rights and present responsibilities. Reverence of past cultural events and properties may hamper future growth as users of conservation easements restrict properties in perpetuity without enabling communities to revisit or modify the restrictions. Third, conservation easements may be protecting sites that were not in danger of development. In such cases, conservation easements subsidize landowners with questionable public benefits. Finally, using conservation easements to protect sacred sites commoditizes cultural heritage. Paying people to protect cultural heritage could degrade cultural heritage or civic responsibility.
Caritas in social work: one university’s paradigm shift through the social construction of meaning

We adopted caritas as a way to support students’ inherent inclination to care about others and to support their genuine care and concern for the clients they will see. Our aim was to explore how st...
Useful Definitions, Postulates, Nomenclature, and Sample Problems

The material presented in this lecture is adapted from Chapter 2 of T&M. First, we will introduce useful definitions which will be utilized throughout Parts I, II, and III of this book. Second, we will discuss two (I and II) out of the four (I, II, III, and IV) postulates which serve as the pillars on which the edifice of thermodynamics is erected. These postulates can be viewed as truisms which cannot be proven from first principles, but that are consistent with our experimental observations, and have withstood the test of time. Third, we will present the nomenclature which will be utilized throughout this book. Fourth, we will solve Sample Problem 2.1 to determine if a system is simple or composite. Finally, we will solve Sample Problem 2.2 to shed light on the liquid-vapor monovariant line in a pressure (P)-temperature (T) phase diagram.
Assessing Consumer Buy and Pay Preferences for Labeled Food Products with Statistical and Machine Learning Methods

Food labeling is one approach to encourage safe, healthy, and sustainable dietary practices. Consumer buy and pay preferences to specially labeled food products (e.g., USDA Organic, Raised Without Antibiotics, and Locally Raised) may promote the adoption of associated production practices by food producers. Thus, it is important to understand how consumer buy and pay preferences for specially labeled products vary with their demographics, food-relevant habits, and foodborne disease perceptions. Using both conventional statistical and novel machine learning models, this study analyzed Michigan State University Environmental Science and Policy Program annual survey data (2019) to characterize consumer buy and pay preferences regarding eight labels related to food production practices. Older consumer age was significantly associated with lower consumer willingness to pay more for labeled products. Participants who prefer to shop in non-conventional grocery stores were more willing to buy and pay more for labeled products. Our machine learning models provide a new approach for analyzing food safety and labeling survey data and produced adequate average prediction accuracy scores for all eight labels. The label, Raised Without Antibiotics, had the highest average prediction accuracy for consumer willingness to buy. Thus, the machine learning models may be used to analyze food survey data and help develop strategies for promoting healthy food production practices.
A Real-World Single-Centre Study of Patients with Diabetic Macular Oedema Who Wore a Home-Use Sleep Mask (Noctura 400) for One Year

A "Real-World" single-centre observational study was carried out to analyse the effects of enhanced patient interaction with the use of the Noctura 400 sleep mask on a group of 26 diabetics displaying diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO), of which 24 completed the study. We hoped to find if patient compliance could be maintained and to determine the anatomical and functional consequences of consistent mask wear. While this study was ongoing, COVID-19 impacted on normal eye clinic practice, allowing an unexpected analysis of the effects of this disruption to the clinical system on mask wear and disease progress. Throughout the whole study, outcomes were positive, with a high level of consistent patient use of the mask, above 74% up to and beyond 1 year. Even during the COVID-19 1st lockdown in England, the patients maintained a 65% nightly light mask compliance. Statistically significant improvements in maculopathy, including cyst reduction (56.4% of eyes with cysts exhibited cyst shrinkage), and visual acuity (VA) improvement (42/48 eyes gained 5 letters or more) were observed and maintained to the end of the study. Anatomical improvement or stability was recorded in all but one study eye. This investigation shows that given that there is appropriate interaction with patients who are self-treating in home environment, a high level of patient compliance can be maintained, even while there are disruptions to the normal hospital clinic setup.