cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging is associated with impaired thrombus resolution in a mouse model of stasis induced thrombosis

Abstract Introduction To evaluate the effects of aging on venous thrombosis. Material and Methods Anesthetized male mice (C57BL/6, n = 125) underwent complete inferior vena cava occlusion to produce venous thrombosis. Experimental groups included 11-month-old mice (OLD), 2-month-old mice (YOUNG), and age-matched non-thrombosed controls. Mice were euthanized and the following parameters were evaluated two days post-thrombosis: thrombus mass (grams/cm), vein wall inflammatory cells (cells per 5 high powered fields), active plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, ng/mL), vein wall P-selectin protein determination by ELISA (pg/mL), circulating plasma microparticles (MPs, MPs/200 µL), MP tissue factor (TF) activity (pM), and in vivo MP re-injection experiments. Results Thrombosed OLD mice had greater thrombus mass than YOUNG mice (389 ± 18 vs. 336 ± 14 g × 10− 4/cm, P Conclusion Aging influenced several circulating and vein wall factors that decreased thrombus resolution in older animals compared to younger ones in our mouse thrombosis model.
Higher order core polarization processes and effective interactions in nuclei

Abstract In the contributions to the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction coming from core polarization involving positive parity excitations, it is found adequate to employ lowest-order perturbation theory (one “bubble”). This is checked by explicitly constructing the core polarization phonons and coupling them with the two particles. When the exchange of negative parity phonons is involved, it is important to include also the higher order bubble diagrams. Applications have been made for nuclei in the 0p, 0d and 1s shell.
Endovascular stent grafting for ascending aorta repair in high-risk patients

Objectives Standard treatment of ascending aortic pathology is open repair, but some patients are too high risk. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of the ascending aorta has been used as an alternative. Our objectives were to characterize patients, describe repair methods, and assess outcomes. Methods From 2006 to 2014, 22 patients underwent supracoronary ascending TEVAR for acute Type A dissection (n = 9), intramural hematoma (n = 2), pseudoaneurysm (n = 9), chronic dissection (n = 2), or aorta-cardiac fistula (n = 2). Mean age was 71 ± 13 years and the maximum proximal aortic diameter was 6 ± 1 cm. Devices were delivered via a transfemoral (n = 10), transapical (n = 7), or axillary (n = 5) artery approach. The proximal landing zone was at the sinotubular junction in 14 patients, mid to distal ascending aorta in 3 patients, and surgical graft from previous ascending repair in 5 patients. More than 1 device was used in 15 patients. Imaging and engineering analysis was performed for all patients. Results There were 3 hospital deaths (13.6%) (tamponade in 1 patient, bleed from left atrial fistula in another patient). One patient had partial occlusion of the left coronary artery requiring open conversion and died later from multiorgan failure. One patient required early open conversion for retained delivery system. There were 3 strokes, 2 myocardial infarctions, and 2 tracheostomies, but there was no new-onset renal failure. Median follow-up was 12 months. Six patients developed type 1 endoleak: 2 were treated endovascularly, 1 with open repair, 1 resolved, 1 refused treatment, and 1 is being watched. In 2 patients, initial TEVAR was performed as a bridge for ruptured high-risk dissection and were later converted to open repair. Reoperations also included removal of stent graft due to distal migration and repair of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. There were 3 late deaths. Actual survival at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years was 86%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. Conclusions Ascending TEVAR is a feasible alternative to medical therapy for repair of acute and chronic ascending disease in high-risk patients. Development of devices dedicated to treat ascending aortic pathology is needed to improve outcomes.
Laser-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy

We have developed a laser-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy that can potentially be easily integrated with several existing optical microscopic modalities. During data acquisition, the ultrasonic transducer is kept stationary and only the laser light is raster-scanned by an x-y galvanometer scanner. In this configuration, the field-ofview is limited by the beam diameter of the ultrasonic detector, which is related to the active element size, numerical aperture, and the center frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. The spatial resolution is determined by the size of the optical focus. A lateral resolution of 7.8 μm and a circular field-of-view with a diameter of 6 mm were achieved in an optically clear medium. Using a laser system working at a pulse repetition rate of 1024 Hz, the data acquisition time for an image consisting of 256×256 pixels was less than two minutes. In vivo imaging of microvasculature in mouse ears were also achieved.
Implementation of a Multilevel SPWM Inverter For Capacitive Loads

In this paper, implementation of a SPWM multilevel inverter based on harmonic cancellation and sideband reduction method has been presented for improving inverter efficiency in driving capacitive loads for an ITS application. MatLab simulation and experimental results have validated the proposed harmonic cancellation approach.
Utilization of space shuttle external tank materials by melting and powder metallurgy

The Crucible Melt Extraction Process was demonstrated to convert scraps of aluminum alloy 2219, used in the Space Shuttle External Tank, into fibers. The cast fibers were then consolidated by cold welding. The X-ray diffraction test of the cast fibers was done to examine the crystallinity and oxide content of the fibers. The compressive stress-strain behavior of the consolidated materials was also examined. Two conceptual schemes which would adapt the as-developed Crucible Melt Extraction Process to the microgravity condition in space were finally proposed.
Identification and Regulation of c-Myb Target Genes in MCF-7 Cells

Background The c-Myb transcription factor regulates differentiation and proliferation in hematopoietic cells, stem cells and epithelial cells. Although oncogenic versions of c-Myb were first associated with leukemias, over expression or rearrangement of the c-myb gene is common in several types of solid tumors, including breast cancers. Expression of the c-myb gene in human breast cancer cells is dependent on estrogen stimulation, but little is known about the activities of the c-Myb protein or what genes it regulates in estrogen-stimulated cells.
Perceived control mediates the relationship between pain severity and patient satisfaction

Abstract The factors that account for patient satisfaction with acute pain management remain a mystery. Consistently, there has been an inverse, but very small association between pain severity and patient satisfaction: most patients are in severe pain, net report they are satisfied with pain management. The hypothesis that perceived control mediates the relationship between pain severity and patient satisfaction was examined in 137 patients who underwent elective inpatient orthopedic surgery. Postoperatively, patients rated their pain severity (the highest level of pain experienced), their perceptions of control over the pain and taking pain medication, and their satisfaction with the relief they obtained from analgesics. Path analysis using LISREL was used to test for mediation. Pain severity was associated inversely with perceptions of control over pain and with satisfaction. There was a significant association between perceived control and satisfaction and perceived control partially mediated the relationship between pain severity and satisfaction. Although individuals who report experiencing severe pain are less satisfied with pain relief than individuals with less pain, it is the interpretation or perception of having control over the pain that most relates to satisfaction with pain relief. Clinically, it is important to examine ways in which individuals control their pain, teach them methods to exert control, and educate them that it is preferable to not allow pain to become severe—it is easier to "control" pain if you intervene at an early point.
Shape-oriented storage and retrieval of geometric figures and chromosome images

Abstract Four advantages of storing and retrieving geometric figures and chromosome images through the use of shape-oriented similarity measures are presented. A complemented but not distributive lattice and a distributive but not complemented lattice are found. Answers to triangle related fuzzy queries such as “retrieve the triangles which are very similar to isosceles triangles but not similar to a given triangle Δ x ”, and chromosome related fuzzy queries such as “retrieve the chromosomes which are more or less similar to median chromosomes and very very similar to a given chromosome A ” are presented and illustrated by examples. For shape-oriented storage of triangles, it is proposed to store the angles of each triangle in decreasing order of the magnitude and logically order all the triangles according to the magnitude of the angles. For shape-oriented storage of chromosomes, it is proposed to logically order all the chromosomes individually and independently according to the angular sums of its exterior biangles and interior biangles. The results may have useful applications in information storage and retrieval, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition.
Transition State Dynamics and Relaxation Processes in Solutions: A Frontier of Physical Chemistry

The theoretical framework for describing solvent effects on solution phase reactions is summarized. When possible, the results are related to experiments involving geometric isomerization, to photoinduced reactive processes that are initiated at the transition state, and to the bimolecular reactions between molecules that are at van der Waals separations in liquids. Key differences between solution and gas phase transition state dynamics are pointed out, and the relaxation processes that determine wavepacket propagation in the solution phase are discussed. Quantum activated rate processes are described theoretically, and some results on proton transfer are given.
Fabrication of Cartilage-Bone Specimens for Cartilage Wear Testing

Experimental techniques to repair focal defects in articular cartilage involve replacing a small area of damaged cartilage with an artificial implant. An important consideration with these devices is the potential for cartilage to wear against the implant surface. To evaluate these implants and to screen for optimal materials and finishes, a method to quickly and accurately predict in vivo cartilage wear is required. Although pin-on-disc wear testers are frequently used to evaluate the wear of engineering materials, and multi-station test machines are available commercially for rapid testing, they have not often been used to test cartilage wear.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Einstein's special relativity: Unleashing the power of its hyperbolic geometry

We add physical appeal to Einstein velocity addition law of relativistically admissible velocities, thereby gaining new analogies with classical mechanics and invoking new insights into the special theory of relativity. We place Einstein velocity addition in the foundations of both special relativity and its underlying hyperbolic geometry, enabling us to present special relativity in full three space dimensions rather than the usual one-dimensional space, using three-geometry instead of four-geometry. Doing so we uncover unexpected analogies with classical results, enabling readers to understand the modern and unfamiliar in terms of the classical and familiar. In particular, we show that while the relativistic mass does not mesh up with the four-geometry, it meshes extraordinarily well with the three-geometry, providing unexpected insights that are not easy to come by, by other means.
Individual differences in taste perception

Abstract Individual differences in taste perception require careful attention by researchers. These are differences between people which are produced, for example, by such easily identified variables as gender, age, and some genetic differences, and more subtle ones, such as those associated with personality types. They are often treated as nuisance variables. However, if ignored, they affect the validity of descriptions of effects and thus generalizations, since measures of central tendency do not well reflect heterogeneous distributions. They can reduce the power of statistical tests; null hypotheses are accepted more often than they should be. Individual differences provide evidence about the nature of mechanisms underlying sensory phenomena, and thus are important in the generation of research hypotheses. Simple analyses of distributions of measures within groups often fail to identify subgroups; theory and observations from prior work may be necessary to identify variables producing individual differences. Many sources of individual differences in sensory studies have been identified. These include genetic endowment, age and personality, as defined by various psychological tests. In studies of taste, smell and oral irritation, individual differences have been found in absolute and differential sensitivity, perceived quality, hedonic ratings, identification, rate of salivation, and relative sensitivity of receptor loci.
The Spatial Distribution of Pancreatic Islets Follows a Universal Power Law

In a previous report we quantified the apparently complex and irregular distribution of pancreatic islets in the guinea pig by showing that they formed a set of cluster or correlation dimension approximately 2.5. Here we show that this distribution holds in a wide range of mammalian species and through ontogenetic development in the guinea pig. These results strongly suggest that islet formation follows an iterative or fractal rule which is universal among mammals.
Implementation of the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy: expectations, fears, failures

During the 1970s the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), acclaimed only a decade earlier as prominent evidence of successful integration of member states, manifest major defects. Farm prices to the consumers increased continually, large surpluses of certain farm commodities accumulated, the cost of operating the CAP rose tremendously, and recurring changes of member state currencies made a shambles of the common price and market concept. Several general and specific causes of those problems can be identified. Strongly influenced by powerful national farm lobbies, the member governments have imposed their own interests, often at variance with the “common” interest, upon the Community decision-making framework. The large number of national officials participating in the CAP implementation process has tended to strengthen trends toward policy outcomes undesirable from the Community perspective. More specifically, the main cause for disrupting agricultural price and market unity has been the system of “green” currency rates and the monetary compensatory amounts (MCAs) which have provided the member governments with opportunities to reconstitute national control over farm prices. Fear of domestic political repercussions has restricted the creation of vigorous policies to counter surpluses, and structural improvement of farms, badly needed in some regions of the Community, has been slow.
Ground state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator via parametric linear coupling

We present a cooling mechanism for a nanomechanical resonator that linearly couples with a LC oscillator. The linear coupling, when periodically modulated at red detuning, up-converts the low-frequency nanomechanical quanta to the high-frequency LC oscillator quanta which then dissipates in the circuits via the damping of the LC oscillator. We show that realistic circuit can be designed in the superconducting system to implement this scheme in the resolved-sideband regime and reach the quantum ground state of the nanomechanical mode. A detailed study of the origin of the quantum back-action noise in this cooling process is also presented.
Time-varying multichirp rate modulation for multiple access systems

We propose a modulation scheme that is based on wideband time-varying chirp signals for use in frequency-hopped code division multiple-access systems. The scheme is designed such that each user is assigned unique modulating chirp signals that efficiently occupy the hop bandwidth for identification at the receiver. We explain how the chirp modulation reduces multiple-access interference, and we demonstrate with simulations our improved performance for various fading channels. The bandwidth efficiency of the chirp signaling is further exploited by assigning multiple chirp rates to each user.
Synthetic application of acylnitroso Diels-Alder derived aminocyclopentenols: total synthesis of (+)-streptazolin.

Concise total syntheses of (+)-streptazolin 1 and its more stable dihydro derivative 2 were accomplished via an intramolecular aldol condensation strategy starting from readily available aminocyclopentenol (−)-7. The synthetic sequence included reductive amination, stereoselective epoxidation, intramolecular aldol (and condensation) reaction, and Wittig reaction. The overall yield for dihydro derivative 2 from aminocyclopentenol (−)-7 was about 7% for a total of 14 steps.
Model Based Verification of SystemC Designs

Recent advancement in System-on-Chip design leads to the promotion of system level languages such as SystemC. This latter enables rapid prototyping and fast simulation in comparison to the classical Register Transfer Level (RTL) based approach. Intuitively, from a verification point of view, faster simulation induces better coverage results. In this paper, we propose a methodology to verify SystemC designs. We propose an automatic generation procedure of the system?s finite state machine (FSM) from SystemC. The generated FSM is then used to produce test suites allowing functional testing of SystemC designs. Furthermore, the same FSM is used to perform conformance testing to validate lower abstraction levels of the design (e.g., RTL). We illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of our approach on a PCI bus standard.
Windows on the world: 2D windows for 3D augmented reality

INTRODUCTION We describe the design and implementation of a prototype When we think of the use of head-mounted displays and 3D heads-up window system intended for use in a 3D environinteraction devices to present virtual worlds, it is often in ment. Our system includes a see-through head-mounted terms of environments populated solely by 3D objects. display that runs a full X server whose image is overlaid on There are many situations, however, in which 2D text and the user’s view of the physical world. The user’s head is graphics of the sort supported by current window systems tracked so that the display indexes into a large X bitmap, can be useful components of these environments. This is effectively placing the user inside a display space that is especially true in the case of the many applications that run mapped onto part of a surrounding virtual sphere. By under an industry standard window system such as X [13]. tracking the user’s body, and interpreting head motion relaWhile we might imagine porting or enhancing a significant tive to it, we create a portable information surround that X application to take advantage of the 3D capabilities of a envelopes the user as they move about. virtual world, the effort and cost may not be worth the return, especially if the application is inherently 2D. We support three kinds of windows implemented on top of Therefore, we have been exploring how we can incorporate the X server: windows fixed to the head-mounted display, an existing 2D window system within a 3D virtual world. windows fixed to the information surround, and windows fixed to locations and objects in the 3D world. Objects can We are building an experimental system that supports a full also be tracked, allowing windows to move with them. To X11 server on a see-through head-mounted display. Our demonstrate the utility of this model, we describe a small display overlays a selected portion of the X bitmap on the hypermedia system that allows links to be made between user’s view of the world, creating an X-based augmented windows and windows to be attached to objects. Thus, our reality. Depending on the situation and application, the hypermedia system can forge links between any combinauser may wish to treat a window as a stand-alone entity or tion of physical objects and virtual windows. to take advantage of the potential relationships that can be made between it and the visible physical world. To make this possible, we have developed facilities that allow X
The medium is the message: politeness strategies in men's and women's voice mail messages

Abstract Sociolinguistic research suggests that women are more likely than men to use politeness strategies in their speech. Researchers have reported that women pay more compliments than men, that women in talk with same-sex peers use a large number of positive-politeness strategies while men in analogous situations do not, and that women are more likely to apologize, soften criticism or express thanks than men. However, most studies of gender variations in politeness have not examined the relationship between situation and language use. In this data drawn from voice mail messages in a legal setting, male speakers’ use of politeness markers was roughly equal to that of women's. Moreover, positive politeness strategies were used almost exclusively by male speakers, and only by attorneys, and the two speakers who used the greatest number of politeness markers in individual messages were both men. Factors which may play a role in explaining these findings include the one-sided nature of voice mail communications and the fact that the data were generated in a legal setting and that seven of the eleven speakers were attorneys.
Intracellular pH regulation in cultured astrocytes from rat hippocampus. I. Role of HCO3

We studied the regulation of intracellular pH (pH) in single cultured astrocytes passaged once from the hippocampus of the rat, using the dye 2',7'-biscarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) to monitor pH. Intrinsic buffering power (beta) was 10.5 mM (pH unit) at pH 7.0, and decreased linearly with pH; the best-fit line to the data had a slope of -10.0 mM (pH unit). In the absence of HCO, pH recovery from an acid load was mediated predominantly by a Na-H exchanger because the recovery was inhibited 88% by amiloride and 79% by ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) at pH 6.05. The ethylisopropylamiloride-sensitive component of acid extrusion fell linearly with pH. Acid extrusion was inhibited 68% (pH 6.23) by substituting Li for Na in the bath solution. Switching from a CO/HCO-free to a CO/HCO-containing bath solution caused mean steady state pH to increase from 6.82 to 6.90, due to a Na-driven HCO transporter. The HCO-induced pH increase was unaffected by amiloride, but was inhibited 75% (pH 6.85) by 400 microM 4, 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), and 65% (pH 6.55-6.75) by pretreating astrocytes for up to approximately 6.3 h with 400 microM 4-acetamide-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (SITS). The CO/HCO-induced pH increase was blocked when external Na was replaced with -methyl--glucammonium (NMDG). In the presence of HCO, the Na-driven HCO transporter contributed to the pH recovery from an acid load. For example, HCO shifted the plot of acid-extrusion rate vs. pH by 0.15-0.3 pH units in the alkaline direction. Also, with Na-H exchange inhibited by amiloride, HCO increased acid extrusion 3.8-fold (pH 6.20). When astrocytes were acid loaded in amiloride, with Li as the major cation, HCO failed to elicit a substantial increase in pH. Thus, Li does not appear to substitute well for Na on the HCO transporter. We conclude that an amiloride-sensitive Na-H exchanger and a Na-driven HCO transporter are the predominant acid extruders in astrocytes.
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Suppresses Apoptosis of Mammary Epithelial Cells through ITAM-Mediated Signaling

Many receptors in hematopoietic cells use a common signaling pathway that relies on a highly conserved immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), which signals through Src family tyrosine kinases. ITAM-bearing proteins are also found in many oncogenic viruses, including the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) envelope (Env). We previously showed that MMTV Env expression transformed normal mammary epithelial cells and that Src kinases were important mediators in this transformation. To study how ITAM signaling affects mammary cell transformation, we utilized mammary cell lines expressing two different ITAM-containing proteins, one encoding a MMTV provirus and the other a B cell receptor fusion protein. ITAM-expressing cells were resistant to both serum starvation- and chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis, whereas cells transduced with these molecules bearing ITAM mutations were indistinguishable from untransduced cells in their sensitivity to these treatments. We also found that Src kinase was activated in the MMTV-expressing cells and that MMTV-induced apoptosis resistance was completely restored by the Src inhibitor PP2. In vivo, MMTV infection delayed involution-induced apoptosis in the mouse mammary gland. Our results show that MMTV suppresses apoptosis through ITAM-mediated Src tyrosine kinase signaling. These studies could lead to the development of effective treatment of nonhematopoietic cell cancers in which ITAM-mediated signaling plays a role.
Intracellular stress tomography reveals stress focusing and structural anisotropy in cytoskeleton of living cells

We describe a novel synchronous detection approach to map the transmission of mechanical stresses within the cytoplasm of an adherent cell. Using fluorescent protein-labeled mitochondria or cytoskeletal components as fiducial markers, we measured displacements and computed stresses in the cytoskeleton of a living cell plated on extracellular matrix molecules that arise in response to a small, external localized oscillatory load applied to transmembrane receptors on the apical cell surface. Induced synchronous displacements, stresses, and phase lags were found to be concentrated at sites quite remote from the localized load and were modulated by the preexisting tensile stress (prestress) in the cytoskeleton. Stresses applied at the apical surface also resulted in displacements of focal adhesion sites at the cell base. Cytoskeletal anisotropy was revealed by differential phase lags in X vs. Y directions. Displacements and stresses in the cytoskeleton of a cell plated on poly-L-lysine decayed quickly and were not concentrated at remote sites. These data indicate that mechanical forces are transferred across discrete cytoskeletal elements over long distances through the cytoplasm in the living adherent cell.
Psychological Health of Orphan Bonobos and Chimpanzees in African Sanctuaries

Background Facilities across Africa care for apes orphaned by the trade for “bushmeat.” These facilities, called sanctuaries, provide housing for apes such as bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) who have been illegally taken from the wild and sold as pets. Although these circumstances are undoubtedly stressful for the apes, most individuals arrive at the sanctuaries as infants and are subsequently provided with rich physical and social environments that can facilitate the expression of species-typical behaviors. Methods and Findings We tested whether bonobo and chimpanzee orphans living in sanctuaries show any behavioral, physiological, or cognitive abnormalities relative to other individuals in captivity as a result of the early-life stress they experience. Orphans showed lower levels of aberrant behaviors, similar levels of average cortisol, and highly similar performances on a broad battery of cognitive tests in comparisons with individuals of the same species who were either living at a zoo or were reared by their mothers at the sanctuaries. Conclusion Taken together, these results support the rehabilitation strategy used by sanctuaries in the Pan-African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA) and suggest that the orphans we examined did not show long-term signs of stress as a result of their capture. Our findings also show that sanctuary apes are as psychologically healthy as apes in other captive settings and thus represent a valuable resource for non-invasive research.
Assessing Bat Detectability and Occupancy with Multiple Automated Echolocation Detectors

Occupancy analysis and its ability to account for differential detection probabilities is important for studies in which detecting echolocation calls is used as a measure of bat occurrence and activity. We examined the feasibility of remotely acquiring bat encounter histories to estimate detection probability and occupancy. We used echolocation detectors coupled to digital recorders operating at a series of proximate sites on consecutive nights in 2 trial surveys for the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). Our results confirmed that the technique is readily amenable for use in occupancy analysis. We also conducted a simulation exercise to assess the effects of sampling effort on parameter estimation. The results indicated that the precision and bias of parameter estimation were often more influenced by the number of sites sampled than number of visits. Acceptable accuracy often was not attained until at least 15 sites or 15 visits were used to estimate detection probability and occupancy. The method has significant potential for use in monitoring trends in bat activity and in comparative studies of habitat use.
The Physical Association of the P2Y12 Receptor with PAR4 Regulates Arrestin-Mediated Akt Activation

It is now well accepted that protease activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 have differential roles in platelet activation. PAR4, a low-affinity thrombin receptor in human platelets, participates in sustained platelet activation in a P2Y12-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms are not defined. Our previous studies demonstrated that thrombin induces the association of PAR4 with P2Y12, together with arrestin recruitment to the complex. Here we show that PAR4 and P2Y12 directly interact to coregulate Akt signaling after PAR4 activation. We observed direct and specific interaction of P2Y12 with PAR4 but not PAR1 by bioluminescent resonance energy transfer when the receptors were coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization was promoted by PAR4-AP and inhibited by P2Y12 antagonist. By using sequence comparison of the transmembrane domains of PAR1 and PAR4, we designed a mutant form of PAR4, "PAR4SFT," by replacing LGL194–196 at the base of transmembrane domain 4 with the corresponding aligned PAR1 residues SFT 220–222. PAR4SFT supported only 8.74% of PAR4-P2Y12 interaction, abolishing P2Y12-dependent arrestin recruitment to PAR4 and Akt activation. Nonetheless, PAR4SFT still supported homodimerization with PAR4. PAR4SFT failed to induce a calcium flux when expressed independently; however, coexpression of increasing concentrations of PAR4SFT, together with PAR4 potentiated PAR4-mediated calcium flux, suggested that PAR4 act as homodimers to signal to Gq-coupled calcium responses. In conclusion, PAR4 LGL (194–196) governs agonist-dependent association of PAR4 with P2Y12 and contributes to Gq-coupled calcium responses. PAR4-P2Y12 association supports arrestin-mediated sustained signaling to Akt. Hence, PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization is likely to be important for the PAR4-P2Y12 dependent stabilization of platelet thrombi.
Potential Real-Time Indicators of Sideswipe Crashes on Freeways

This study investigates the real-time traffic factors associated with sideswipe crashes, including a surrogate measure of lane change and compares conditions for sideswipe and rear-end crashes on the basis of these factors. This study extends a previous experimental study of lane change by suggesting that a geometric mean of ratios of flows between adjacent lanes called the overall average flow ratio (OAFR) can be used to indicate the likelihood of sideswipe crashes given that a crash is likely to occur. OAFR was calculated for 5 to 10 min before crash occurrence at a location upstream of crash sites. Using 4-year crash and loop detector data on a 36.3-mi section of 1-4 freeway in Orlando, Florida, the study found that OAFR was generally higher for sideswipe than rear-end crashes at a 95% confidence level. Analysis using logistic regression models showed that other traffic-related factors, such as the variation in flow and peak and off-peak periods, were also important factors correlated with sideswipe cr...
Utilizing Third Party Auditing to Manage Trust in the Cloud

Abstract Recent trends within the IT industry have led to a tectonic shift in the way organizations utilize information systems to yield maximum efficiency. Cloud computing is the cornerstone of the aforementioned paradigm permutation. Information security, however, continues to dominate discussion on how organizations can utilize the efficiency of the cloud, while simultaneously maintaining end-user privacy and trust. The advent of cloud computing has likewise brought with it a multitude of new and exciting concepts that can complicate security demands exponentially. These security demands must be met to ensure user trust. Multi-tenancy is a cloud computing concept that is at the forefront of information security concerns in the 21st century computing environment. Current Multi-tenancy models fail to provide adequate security measures by blindly multiplexing various unknown users, whose intentions can be hostile, with reputable cloud service users. In this paper, we propose a novel security auditing framework to establish the user trust by (a) allowing the cloud service users (CSUs) to provide their security preferences with the desired cloud services, (b) providing a conceptual mechanism to validate the security controls and internal security policies of cloud service providers (CSPs) published in the CSA's (Cloud Security Alliance) Security Trust and Assurance Registry (STAR) database, and (c) maintaining a database of CSPs along with their responses to the Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaire (CAIQ) as well as the certificates issued by the certificate authorities. Thus, our proposed framework facilitates the CSUs in choosing a trustworthy CSP by empowering them to select an appropriate security preferences and services.
Firm Characteristics and Common Factors in the Variance Risk Premia

We find that the market variance risk premium (VRP) beta (exposure to the market variance risk), size, and idiosyncratic volatility jointly explain the cross-sectional VRPs. We construct novel VRP common factors related to these three characteristics. In regressions of the VRPs of 25 size and book-to-market sorted portfolios, our factors explain the VRPs with adjusted R-squares ranging from 57% to 88%, compared to the Carhart (1997) four factors with adjusted R-squares of 5% to 24%. Our factors and the Carhart factors are not interchangeable.
LilyCollider and Rhythmic Structures

LilyCollider is an interactive software system designed to build sequences of music notation in an iterative way
Closed-loop dynamic response of a static Scherbius drive

Generalized root-loci techniques, developed in the mid-70's for squirrel cage motors, have been extended to wound rotor, slip energy recovery systems (static Scherbius drive). In this paper, the influence of a feedback control loop on these root-loci is considered. General conclusions on Scherbius drive dynamics as well as some experimental verifications are also included.
The Development of Administrative System of Examination QuestionLibrary for Engineering Graphics

This article discussed the form of administrative software system for engineering graphics examination question library,its fundamental function and the method of development.It explored the key problems such as the storage form of graphical questions,automatic generation of tests,and printing of test papers.A management system of auto-organizing test paper which was designed with visual interface and a efficient auto-composition algorithm was put forward
Stimulation of Pancreatic Secretion of Water and Electrolytes by Furosemide

The effect of furosemide on secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion was examined in 12 normal subjects using a perfusion method to quantitate pancreatic output. During continuous secretin infusion (0.9 U per kg per hr), secretory volume rose to a steady state level of 32.5 ± 10.2 ml per min. When a bolus injection of furosemide (20 mg) was given during continuous secretin infusion, mean secretory volume increased further to a maximum value of 110 ± 14.7 ml per min. Similarly, the outputs of bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride increased significantly after furosemide, compared to values obtained with secretin infusion alone. Total bilirubin output fell after furosemide, suggesting that the effect of furosemide on secretory volume and electrolyte output was not due to a stimulatory effect on bile flow. Furosemide also had no effect on duodenal water transport. These observations demonstrate that furosemide stimulates pancreatic secretion of water and electrolytes, possibly via inhibition of pancreatic ductal absorption of sodium.
Human eosinophils. Purification and cytotoxic capability of eosinophils from patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome

The cytotoxic capability of eosinophils from patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) against a variety of target cells was studied utilizing a 51Cr release assay. A separation technique was developed that reproducibly gave eosinophil suspensions of >90% (in many instances >99%) purity from peripheral differential counts of >10% eosinophils. The method employed density gradient centrifugation to remove mononuclear cells and a nylon wool column incubation to remove neutrophils. Yield was 30%-60% of the eosinophils in the initial blood sample and viability was >98%. In ten patients with HES, 16% ± 4% of eosinophils had surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (significantly higher than eosinophils from non-HES patients, p
Production of Nonadhesive Eggs by Flathead Chub and Implications for Downstream Transport and Conservation

Abstract Plains stream fishes in North America, including flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, are negatively affected by stream-flow alterations and fragmentation, and limited information on egg type and reproductive strategy hinders their conservation. On the basis of several lines of evidence, including laboratory culture, observations of reproduction in captivity, and capture and rearing of eggs from Fountain Creek, Colorado, we report that flathead chub produce nonadhesive eggs. Flathead chub eggs are relatively small at 2.3 mm mean diameter, have a greater yolk-to-egg volume ratio and thus sink faster, and take longer to hatch, compared with nonadhesive eggs from pelagic spawning species. Flathead chub are also longer lived compared with pelagic spawning species and the wider variety of habitat types they occupy may influence upstream egg retention. Although spawning mode (e.g., pelagic, lithopelagic, other) is incompletely known for flathead chub, habitat needs in terms of flows and reach lengths sui...
Imipramine binding in subpopulations of normal human blood platelets

Imipramine binding was studied in platelet membranes isolated with different proportions of heavy (young) and light (old) platelets. The B/sub max/, a measure of the number of binding sites, was greater in the heavier platelets than in the light platelets. However, the dissociation constant K/sub d/ (a reflection of the affinity of imipramine binding) was greater in the lighter platelets compared to the heavy platelets. These results indicate that differences in K/sub d/ and B/sub max/ in particular membrane preparation, could be due to the differences in the relative proportion of heavy and light platelets.
Facing the Slender Man

Previous chapters discussed Slender Man prototypes, the original telling, the propagation of the story to new spaces, and second-level stories in the form of fan fiction; this chapter begins by following that trajectory to its next destination: the mainstream. The Slender Man is presented both literally and figuratively as a form of a “tulpa,” a creature brought to life by collective thought. As forthcoming mass media efforts appropriate the Slender Man, communities respond to a more widespread sharing of the character they collectively thought into existence. In conclusion, the openly shared, collectively created, community-contextualized Slender Man phenomenon serves as a harbinger of storytelling to come.
Solar Rotational Modulations of Spectral Irradiance and Correlations with the Variability of Total Solar Irradiance

Aims: We characterize the solar rotational modulations of spectral solar irradiance (SSI) and compare them with the corresponding changes of total solar irradiance (TSI). Solar rotational modulations of TSI and SSI at wavelengths between 120 and 1600 nm are identified over one hundred Carrington rotational cycles during 2003-2013. Methods: The SORCE (Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment) and TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)/SEE (Solar EUV Experiment) measured and SATIRE-S modeled solar irradiances are analyzed using the EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) method to determine the phase and amplitude of 27-day solar rotational variation in TSI and SSI. Results: The mode decomposition clearly identifies 27-day solar rotational variations in SSI between 120 and 1600 nm, and there is a robust wavelength dependence in the phase of the rotational mode relative to that of TSI. The rotational modes of visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) are in phase with the mode of TSI, but the phase of the rotational mode of ultraviolet (UV) exhibits differences from that of TSI. While it is questionable that the VIS to NIR portion of the solar spectrum has yet been observed with sufficient accuracy and precision to determine the 11-year solar cycle variations, the temporal variations over one hundred cycles of 27-day solar rotation, independent of the two solar cycles in which they are embedded, show distinct solar rotational modulations at each wavelength.
Dust flame acceleration effects

Flame acceleration increases the hazard level or severity of a dust deflagration. Three consequences of flame acceleration are secondary explosions, confined flame acceleration, and pressure piling. Secondary explosions occur when fugitive dust deposits have accumulated on floors and other horizontal surfaces.
Developing a robust proxy model of CO2 injection: Coupling Box–Behnken design and a connectionist method

Abstract The CO 2 based enhanced oil recovery methods (EORs) in the petroleum industry are considered as one of the efficient technologies for further production where the natural driving forces become weak. To determine which EOR method is more appropriate for a targeted reservoir, there is a need to develop a reliable and fast tool to predict the performance of the EOR methods due to assumptions and central processing time (CPU) time of reservoir simulations. We develop a promising approach for predicting the ultimate oil recovery factor of the miscible CO 2 injection processes. To attain this goal, the least square support vector machine is used to build the proxy model. The Box-Behnken design as a branch of response surface methods is employed to design simulation runs for miscible CO 2 injection processes, and the leverage method is applied to validate the proxy model in terms of statistical perspective. An artificial heterogeneous reservoir is used to perform compositional reservoir simulations. Five operational parameters of the miscible CO 2 injection process are considered, including bottom-hole flowing pressure (BHP) of injection well (psi), CO 2 injection rate (MMSCF/D), injected CO 2 concentration (mole fraction), bottom-hole flowing pressure (BHP) of production well (psi), and oil production rate (STB/D). The developed proxy model can be employed to forecast the ultimate oil recovery factor of the miscible CO 2 injection operations at the different rock, fluids, and process conditions. The proposed method appears to be an efficient simulation strategy that offers guidelines and screening criteria for the application of the miscible CO 2 injection.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Chemical and Petrochemical Processes

(1979). Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Chemical and Petrochemical Processes. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 163-164.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma

Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective sentinel lymphadenectomy (ILM and SLND) has dramatically altered the surgical management of the regional lymphatics in cutaneous melanoma. Once considered a standard component in the surgical management of patients with cutaneous melanoma, immediate complete lymph node dissection (CLND) or elective lymph node dissection (ELND) is now infrequently performed. Now commonly referred to as “sentinel lymph node biopsy,” ILM and SLND is an operative technique that was developed in order to identify patients with cutaneous melanoma who might benefit from the early detection and surgical management of metastatic disease in the regional lymph nodes while avoiding the significant morbidity of CLND in individuals without regional lymph node metastases and who had little likelihood of benefit from that procedure.
THERMAL PERFORAMANCE COMPARISONS FOR SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS COLLECTOR ARRAY FLOW RATES

ABSTRACT The thermal performance of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) systems is influenced by the solar collector array flow rate. An experimental investigation has been conducted at the National Bureau of Standards to quantitatively evaluate this effect. This paper describes the selection of the optimum collector array flow rate based on both analytical and experimental considerations, describes the experimental apparatus, and presents data which illustrates the increase in thermal performance possible by utilizing the optimal flow rate. Computer simulations were performed using TRNSYS to check the consistency of the experimental data, to validate the TRNSYS model for reduced flow rate conditions, and to determine if the performance improvements due to reduced collector flow rate observed during short-term tests could be expected to occur on an annual basis.
Autonomy and Communitarianism: The Ethics of Terminal Care in Cross-Cultural Perspective

While it is sometimes said that nothing changes in matters of ethics, anyone who would say that has failed to grasp the dramatic changes in the ethics of the care of dying patients over the past two decades. In North America literally hundreds of cases have been debated in courts, in hospital ethics committees, and in scholarly articles (Keyserlingk, 1979; President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1983; Cantor, 1987; The Hastings Center, 1987; Veatch, 1989). In Japan debates over the rights of patients to be informed of a terminal diagnosis have stimulated controversy that has reached the news magazines and scholarly articles of the Western hemisphere (Hiatt, 1989; Kimura, 1994). In Europe one country is still suffering the controversies of unconsenting euthanasia (Lifton, 1986; Koch, 1991). Another prides itself in being the first country of the world to develop a formal public policy condoning intentional mercy killing of the terminally ill upon request (Gomez, 1991; Van Der Mass, 1991; DeWachter; 1989).