cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fault rock injections record paleo-earthquakes

Fault rocks such as pseudotachylyte melt or granular gouge are sometimes injected into cracks off a fault surface. The width to height ratio of the injection veins is a direct measure of the shear strain in the wall rock required to accommodate the injection, so the aspect ratios preserve a record of the overpressure opening the cracks and injecting melt or fluidized granular material from the fault zone. We measured the aspect ratios for 201 pseudotachylyte injections and 29 granular injections. They have aspect ratios of � 0:2 (0.177 0.025 and 0.227 0.077, respectively, within 99% confidence). These are significantly proportionally wider than the aspect ratios of ordinary dikes (from 10 � 4 to 10 � 3 ). The injection aspect ratios exceed the usual limit of elastic strain in the wallrock ( � 1%) so we infer that the injection veins were accommodated by permanent deformation by microcracking and slip on foliation surfaces in the host rock, which is difficult to detect observationally. The fully elastic model therefore offers an upper bound on the stress required to open these injection veins ( � 10 8 210 10 Pa, with higher pressures in stiffer host rock lithologies.) These overpressures cannot be achieved by expansion of the fault rock fluids during melting or gouge fluidization mechanisms, as the pressure along the fault is limited to � 10 7
Preliminary evaluations of regional ground-water quality in relation to land use

The U.S. Geological Survey through its Toxic-Waste— Ground-Water Contamination Program began studies during 1984 to evaluate the degradation of regional ground-water quality as a result of human activities. The studies are designed to quantitatively relate human activities, expressed as land use, to the quality of ground water at a regional scale. Preliminary results from six of the studies in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Florida, Nebraska, and Colorado summarized in this paper indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by human activities. The frequencies of detection of volatile organic compounds and some trace elements were larger in ground water underlying urban or industrial areas in comparison to undeveloped areas. Ground water in agricultural areas generally had larger concentrations of nitrate and had an increased frequency of detection of pesticides in comparison to undeveloped areas. Effects of human activities on water quality increased as the intensity of urbanization or irrigation increased. Ground-water pumpage, waste-water discharges into a stream that is hydraulically connected to an alluvial aquifer, and consumptive use of ground water affected the ground-water quality in one study area to a greater extent than land-use practices. These preliminary results indicate that in specific areas, surficial nonpoint sources, expressed as land use, have altered regional ground-water quality. Additional studies are being made to determine if these results are consistent and widespread.
Destination-Based Cut Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) often suffer from disrupted connectivity caused by its numerous aspects such as limited battery power of a node and unattended operation vulnerable to hostile tampering. The disruption of connectivity, often referred to as network cut, leads to ill-informed routing decisions, data loss, and waste of energy. A number of protocols have been proposed to efficiently detect network cuts, they focus solely on a cut that disconnects nodes from the base station. However, a cut detection scheme is truly useful when a cut is defined with respect to multiple destinations (i.e., target nodes), rather than a single base station. Thus, we extend the existing notion of cut detection, and propose an algorithm that enables sensor nodes to autonomously monitor the connectivity to multiple target nodes. We introduce a novel reactive cut detection solution, the Point-to-Point Cut Detection, where given any pair of source and destination, a source is able to locally determine whether the destination is reachable or not. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight proactive cut detection algorithm specifically designed for a small set of target destinations. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms through extensive simulations.
Incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation and its impact on long-term survival in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias

Aims To determine the incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its impact on survival in patients with other forms of supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) including atrial flutter (AFL), atrial tachycardia (AT), atrioventricular reentrant (AVRT), and AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). We hypothesized that SVA may increase risk of AF and concomitant AF may influence long-term survival. Methods and results All patients who underwent catheter ablation for SVA from 2000 to 2010 were included in this study. The patients were identified retrospectively and the vital status determined prospectively. Observed survival in the study cohort was compared with survival rates in the age- and sex-matched general population. The study group included 1573 patients (mean age 50.5 ± 18 years, 47% female) with AVNRT (38.5%), AFL (29.6%), AVRT (22.6%) and AT (9.3%). The patients were followed for a mean of 35 months (median 23 months). Atrial fibrillation was documented in 424 patients (27%) with a higher incidence in males (35 vs. 18%). Atrial fibrillation was present in 19.6% of patients before the ablation and developed in 9.07% after ablation. Atrial fibrillation commonly occurred in patients with AFL (57.5%), AT (27.4%), AVRT (13.5%), and AVNRT (9.7%). Older age, prolonged PR interval, dilated left atrium, low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of AFL were independent predictors for concomitant AF. Long-term survival was worse in the presence of AF. Conclusion The incidence of AF is high in patients with other forms of SVA. The most common association is between AFL and AF. Long-term survival is decreased in those who have concomitant AF, although AF did not emerge as an independent predictor of mortality when adjusted for other covariates.
Job dimensions associated with severe disability due to cardiovascular disease

This study explored associations among job activities and disability due to cardiovascular disease by merging national disability data with independently-obtained job activity data. Disability data were taken from a 1978 U.S. health interview survey (n = 9855). Expert ratings of job activities (dimensions) were obtained from a job analysis database (n = 2485 occupations). The two databases were merged such that job dimension data were imputed to each occupation in the disability database. Odds ratios for cardiovascular disability were calculated for scores in the second, third, and fourth quartiles for each of the 32 job dimensions, using scores in the first quartile as the standard. Job dimensions associated with cardiovascular disability were (a) hazardous situations; (b) vigilant work and responsibility for others; (c) exchanging job-related information; and (d) attention to devices. Occupations identified with high scores on these job dimensions included transportation jobs (air traffic controllers, airline pilots and attendants, bus drivers, locomotive engineers, truck drivers), teachers (preschool, adult education), and craftsmen/foremen (machinists, carpenters, and foremen).
Is Sociology the Core Discipline for the Scientific Study of Religion

We argue that sociology should be the integrative discipline for the scientific study of religion. Sociology has made considerable progress by incorporating specialized knowledge of religion from disciplines ranging from gerontology and community psychology to religious economics, church history, and even theology. Sociology has also generated insights in other disciplines concerned with the study of religion, at times shaping the types of questions asked, the concepts and research methods employed, and the conclusions reached in these fields. To elaborate our arguments, we focus on two important substantive areas: (1) research on the relationships between religion, meaning systems, and personal well-being; and (2) research on religious behavior and religious markets. We underscore the integrative role of sociology, and identify several neglected opportunities for synthesis. In addition, briefly assess the effect of sociology on work in other disciplines and on the functioning of religious organizations. We can expect controversy among sociologists over the proposition that sociology is a science, and certainly there will be even less agreement with the contention that sociology is the central discipline for the scientific study of human behavior. Critics of this thesis will turn to features of social life which seem idiosyncratic or inexplicable through the rational scientific enterprise, and religious behavior is one such feature. Less thoughtful critics poke fun at the title of a leading specialty journal, the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, as an oxymoron, suggesting that whatever the status of the discipline of sociology as a science, the sociology of religion would not qualify. In this article, we will argue that sociology should be considered the integrative discipline for the scientific study of religion. Our task is somewhat different from those of the other contributors, because unlike the other fields represented here (e.g., biology, psychology), "religion" per se is neither an explanatory "science" nor a clearly delineated academic discipline. Sociology has
Monte Carlo Simulation for Statistical Decay of Compound Nucleus

We perform Monte Carlo simulations for neutron and γ -ray emissions from a compound nucleus based on the Hauser-Feshbach statistical theory. This Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach (MCHF) method calculation, which gives us correlated information between emitted particles and γ -rays. It will be a powerful tool in many applications, as nuclear reactions can be probed in a more microscopic way. We have been developing the MCHF code, CGM, which solves the Hauser-Feshbach theory with the Monte Carlo method. The code includes all the standard models that used in a standard Hauser-Feshbach code, namely the particle transmission generator, the level density module, interface to the discrete level database, and so on. CGM can emit multiple neutrons, as long as the excitation energy of the compound nucleus is larger than the neutron separation energy. The γ -ray competition is always included at each compound decay stage, and the angular momentum and parity are conserved. Some calculations for a fission fragment 140 Xe are shown as examples of the MCHF method, and the correlation between the neutron and γ -ray is discussed.
A deterministic method for initializing K-means clustering

The performance of K-means clustering depends on the initial guess of partition. We motivate theoretically and experimentally the use of a deterministic divisive hierarchical method, which we refer to as PCA-Part (principal components analysis partitioning) for initialization. The criterion that K-means clustering minimizes is the SSE (sum-squared-error) criterion. The first principal direction (the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the covariance matrix) is the direction which contributes the largest SSE. Hence, a good candidate direction to project a cluster for splitting is, then, the first principal direction. This is the basis for PCA-Part initialization method. Our experiments reveal that generally PCA-Part leads K-means to generate clusters with SSE values close to the minimum SSE values obtained by one hundred random start runs. In addition, this deterministic initialization method often leads K-means to faster convergence (less iterations) compared to random methods. Furthermore, we also theoretically show and confirm experimentally on synthetic data when PCA-Part may fail.
Attractive males provide less parental care in two populations of the common yellowthroat

Male ornaments may be signals of direct or indirect benefits to females that mate with those males. One important direct benefit to females is the level of male parental assistance they receive when provisioning young. Three main hypotheses attempt to explain the relationship between male ornament size and parental care. The good parent hypothesis predicts that males with larger ornaments will provide more care, while the differential allocation and trade-off hypotheses predict that they will provide less care. We examined the relationship between male ornamentation and parental care in two populations of common yellowthroats, Geothlypis trichas, in which the sexually selected male ornament differs. More ornamented males provided less parental care in both populations, contrary to the good parent hypothesis. However, females did not feed their nestlings more frequently when mated with more ornamented males, which is an additional prediction of the differential allocation hypothesis. Our results are most consistent with the trade-off hypothesis, which suggests that more ornamented males provide less care because they spend relatively more of their effort in pursuing extrapair mates or defending their territories from other males.
Lyme carditis: A rare presentation in an unexpected setting

A case is reported of a 27-year-old man who presented to an inner city trauma center after he had experienced several seizure-like episodes. He was diagnosed with Lyme carditis and required 6 weeks of treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone for complete resolution of his symptoms. The case is discussed along with a review of the literature.
MEPS as a rapid sample preparation method to handle unstable compounds in a complex matrix: determination of AZD3409 in plasma samples utilizing MEPS-LC-MS-MS.

The aim of the present investigation is to develop a simple, fast, and sensitive method for the determination of a new candidate drug, AZD3409, in rat, dog, and human plasma samples. AZD3409 is stable in aqueous solutions at low pH (< 4) but not in whole blood or in plasma. In rat plasma at 25°C, more than 90% of the compound is degraded within 40 min. When 20 mg of NaF and 50 µL of protease inhibitor cocktail are added to 1.0 mL of rat blood, AZD3409 is stable for up to about 90 min. Due to the instability of AZD3409, microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) is used as an online and fast sample-preparation method, followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) for the quantitation of this compound in plasma samples. In MEPS, the sampling sorbent is 1 mg of polystyrene polymer packed in a 250µL syringe. When the plasma sample (50‐250 µL) is withdrawn through the syringe by an autosampler, the analyte is adsorbed to the solid phase. The analyte is then eluted with an organic solvent such as methanol or the LC mobile phase (20‐50 µL) directly into the instrument’s injector. MEPS is rapid and easy to use. The lower limit of quantitation for AZD3409 is established to be 0.024 µM. The accuracy of the quality-control samples ranged from 89% to 102%, and the precision (C.V.%) had a value of 11‐16% for the plasma samples. The calibration curve in plasma is obtained in the concentration range 0.022‐9.0 µM. The coefficients of determination (R 2) for plasma samples were ≥ 0.998 for all runs. The present method is used for the analysis of rat and dog plasma samples.
The vitamin D to ameliorate multiple sclerosis (VIDAMS) trial: study design for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background Lower levels of vitamin D are associated with increased MS risk and with greater clinical and brain MRI activity in established relapsing MS. Objective The VIDAMS trial (NCT01490502) is evaluating whether high-dose vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of MS activity. Design/methods Eligibility criteria include diagnosis of RRMS, age 18 to 50 years, and Expanded Disability Status Scale ≤ 4.0. Disease duration and activity requirements depend on whether 2005 or 2010 criteria are used for diagnosis. Enrollment is restricted based on prior MS therapy exposure and recent vitamin D use. After completing a one-month run-in of glatiramer acetate, 172 patients will be randomized 1:1 to oral vitamin D 3 5000 IU versus 600 IU daily. Clinical visits occur every 12 weeks for 96 weeks. Results Sixteen sites throughout the United States are participating in the trial. Complete enrollment is expected by late 2014, with follow-up through 2016. No interim analyses are planned. The primary outcome for the trial is the proportion of patients experiencing a relapse in each group. Other clinical, patient-reported, and MRI outcomes will be evaluated. Conclusions The VIDAMS trial will provide critical information about the safety and efficacy of vitamin D therapy in RRMS, with implications for MS patients worldwide.
Topology Optimization of Multi-Component Structures via Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis

This paper presents a method for synthesizing multicomponent beam structural assemblies with maximum structural performance and manufacturability. The problem is posed as a relaxation of decomposition-based assembly synthesis, where both topology and decomposition of a structure are regarded as variables over a ground structure with nonoverlapping beams. A multiobjective genetic algorithm with graph-based crossover, coupled with FEM analyses, is used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions to this problem, exhibiting trade-offs among structural stiffness, total weight, component manufacturability (size and simplicity), and the number of joints. Case studies with a cantilever and a simplified automotive floor frame are presented, and representative designs in the Pareto front are examined for the trade-offs among the multiple criteria. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1814671#
The Jet:Wise Model of National Air Space System Evolution

Jet:Wise is an agent-based model that explores the evolution of the airline industry and its interactions with the National Airspace System (NAS). It models competitive decisions airlines make, such as setting fleet mix, itineraries, schedules, and fares and responding to delays and missed connections. The model addresses questions of the form, “How would a specific, quantifiable change in one aspect of the NAS affect the entire NAS?” Examples include changes in operational costs, passenger demand, and flight times; removal of certain Federal Aviation Administration restrictions; improvements in technology; new facilities; congestion pricing; mergers; startup airlines; and the expansion of low-cost carriers. Understanding their complex interaction is beyond the ability of traditional modeling tools and has not been attempted until now. Validation evidence is presented: Jet:Wise is shown to produce a close correlation between simulated and observed leisure passenger counts both by origin-destination city p...
The Limits of Meaning: Case Studies in the Anthropology of Christianity

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2006 Pages: 248 Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1-84545-170-8 (hard cover). Prices: $75.00 USD(hard cover).
Expert system consultation control strategy

User interfaces to expert systems represent a bottleneck since consultation time is proportional to the amount of information the system asks the user to supply. An efficient, rather than exhaustive, strategy to direct user questioning will reduce consultation time and effort. An intelligent strategy to minimize questioning, the merit system, has been successfully implemented in Battle, an expert consultant system developed for the Marine Corps. The merit strategy enables Battle to focus the consultation process on the most meritorious questions allowing the military commander to respond quickly awith the most pertinent information. The merit system, originally denned for logical functions in the Multiple program, has been extended to the Mycin style of propagation and to the method of subjective Bayesian assignments used by Prospector. A procedure for merit calculations with any differentiable, real-valued assignment function is presented. Our experience has shown that merit values provide an efficient flow of control for expert consultation.
STARTS: A decision support architecture for dynamic security configuration management

Configuration of security controls is either static or event driven (such as an incident or in response to recommendations from a risk assessment exercise) in most organizations. These approaches do not adequately protect the organization because threats to information are ever changing and dynamic in nature. STARTS is a decision support architecture for dynamic security management. It is the first security architecture that proposes the use of statistical design of experiments technique for dynamic security configuration adjustment. This is accomplished through ongoing statistical analysis using control sensors. These sensors collaborate with each other on an ongoing basis via a Plackett-Burman matrix and generate recommendations on the adjustments that need to take place in the security configuration to respond to changing threats. In this paper, we describe the STARTS architecture as well as the results from its preliminary implementation.
Tazarotene foam, 0.1%, for the treatment of acne.

Introduction: Acne is a common skin condition of the pilosebaceous units that affects the young and old, ranges from moderate to severe and can be treated with an array of options. Topical retinoids are the initial treatment for acne due to their ability to treat comedones, the starting point of acne.Areas covered: Tazarotene is a topical retinoid available as a cream, gel and foam. Tazarotene 0.1% foam was FDA approved in 2012 for the treatment of acne in patients ages ≥12 and is the first foam topical retinoid on the market. Phase I and III trials support the efficacy and safety of tazarotene foam for acne.Expert opinion: The foam vehicles may increase compliance and satisfaction in some patients and as retinoids are commonly first line acne treatments, this new topical retinoid foam may be a useful option for some acne patients.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Older Patients

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are free-living ubiquitous organisms present in the environment, notably in soil and water. Collectively, these organisms cause both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease in susceptible hosts. While more than 140 different species of NTM have been identified, the most clinically relevant NTM include Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. kansasii, and rapid growers (M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. cheloni), which are discussed here. The epidemiology of disease caused by NTM in general has been difficult to characterize primarily as reporting of these organisms is not mandatory in the USA, as there is little evidence of human-to-human transmission.
Structure-Activity Relationships for Para-Substituted Phenols

The structure-activity relationships between toxicity (log BR), monitored as cell population growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis and a number of molecular descriptors including the log 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow), the electronic field effect (F), and the ability to donate hydrogen (Hd) have been examined for a series of para-substituted phenols. The equation log BR = 0.6849 (log Kow) + 0.9439 (F) + 0.3373 (Hd) -1.3764, n = 29 has been found to be a good model for these derivatives and explains 91.1% of toxicity variability. Four derivatives, however, were found to lie outside the 95% confidence interval. The nitro, amino, and azophenyl derivatives were more toxic than predicted and the carboxyl derivative was less toxic than predicted.
The Effects of a New Discrete Mathematics Curriculum on the Training of Teachers of Mathematics

This paper explores the possible effects on teacher education of including discrete mathematics (either as a separate course or integrated with calculus and linear algebra) in the lower division course work of mathematics students. The article is primarily conjectural. It is based upon my experiences with teachers and potential teachers, but it is conjectural nevertheless. In addition, even if I were an excellent judge of what the effects of introducing such a course might be, they could be totally eclipsed by the effects of technological, economic or political developments. In spite of these cautionary words, it is still worthwhile and appropriate for college and university mathematics teachers to think about how the inclusion of discrete mathematics in the college curriculum might affect pre-college teachers.
Mutually orthogonal chaotic multiplexing

This paper describes the formulation and analysis of a new digital multiplexing technique. Mutually orthogonal chaotic (MOC) multiplexing has its foundation in nonlinear dynamical systems and chaos theory. We outline the conceptualization and analysis of the algorithm. We show simulati on results for the implementation and show that there is superior bandwidth efficiency and superior noise performance as compared to standard single carrier modulation techniques. We discuss potential applications of MOC multiplexing and the implications for digital communications and signal processing in general.
Bifurcation to Mean Flows in Convection

Convection with a strip plate in the middle is studied in this paper. Simultaneous instability of two convection modes of different vertical structures with a same horizontal wave number is possible in this system. It is found that the interaction of these two modes generates mean flows similar to those observed by Krishnamurti and Howard [9] in a turbulent convection experiment. Coupled nonlinear equations are derived for the amplitudes of the two modes. Traveling wave solutions and more complicated time-dependent solutions are also found near the onset of convection.
Are enteric endotoxins able to escape from the intestine

SummaryEndotoxin was introduced into a Thiry-Vella fistula (T-V-f) prepared in lead-sensitized rats. Of the 5 mg given to each rat an amount is absorbed into both the portal vein and intestinal lym...
Surgical treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis with transsacral fibular strut grafts.

BACKGROUND The ideal surgical treatment for adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (ALIS) remains unknown. Isolated anterior and posterior procedures are popular but have resulted in equivocal outcomes, whereas combined anterior and posterior procedures are associated with higher complication rates despite improved outcome. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following the treatment of ALIS using a 1-stage posterior approach with posterior decompression and posterolateral arthrodesis combined with an interbody fibular allograft strut. METHODS Fifteen patients underwent fusion by a single surgeon using our modified technique. Seven patients were female and 8 were male, with a mean age of 48 years. All patients were classified as Meyerding grade II slips and underwent a posterior approach only, a decompressive laminectomy, and a circumferential fusion with the use of a transsacral fibular allograft and a posterolateral instrumented fusion. Postoperative clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months, and then on an annual basis. RESULTS The average follow-up interval was 61 months. Three complications were seen: a single dural tear, an L5 radiculopathy secondary to a malpositioned pedicle screw, and one patient with urinary retention. The spines of all patients were determined to be fused by the 6-month postoperative visit. All patients returned to their normal activities of daily living. Significant improvements in the visual analog score were seen at all follow-up intervals. CONCLUSION Transsacral interbody fibular allograft can be used successfully to supplement a posterolateral instrumented fusion in selected patients with low-grade ALIS.
A Simplified Model of Flow-Induced Oscillations of Collapsible Tubes Conveying Viscous Fluids

In this paper, a simple mathematical model is formulated to study the static and dynamic instabilities of collapsible tubes conveying viscous fluids. The governing equations of motion for the pipe are derived under small deformation assumptions with the consideration of fluid frictional forces and inertia effects. In the case of steady flow, both buckling and flutter instabilities can be predicted based on the real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalues. In the case of pulsatile flow, the Bolotin method is employed to identify the dynamic stability regions.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Terraforming Venus: A Challenging Project for Future Colonization

Venus is in many ways similar to the Earth, but the thick atmosphere and high surface temperature presents a tough challenge to human habitation. Several proposals have been made that it may be possible to terraform Venus, modifying the environment to make the surface more earthlike. This project would require removing or sequestering the main portion of atmosphere, to eliminate most of the “greenhouse effect” that keeps the surface temperature high. A review of several methods proposed to do this shows that this would be a difficult project; requiring an unreasonable amount of energy, or the use of highly advanced technologies. At altitudes above the main cloud layer, the atmosphere of Venus reaches a temperature and pressure comparable to terrestrial conditions, and an alternate concept would be to engineer a habitable environment at this altitude; either by floating at about 55 km above the surface, or building up structures from the surface to reach these altitudes.
Prioritizing Audiences: Exploring the Differences Between Stone Butch and Transgender Selves

SUMMARY In Leslie Feinberg's novel, Stone Butch Blues, the main character, Jess, can be read as either stone butch or transgendered, suggesting that stone butch and (female-born) transgender presentations are similar. Yet, with similar behaviors and expectations, it seems unclear what makes these two identifications distinct. In this paper, I suggest that one significant difference between these categories is the audience that is foregrounded in developing presentations of self. I suggest that stone butch identification prioritizes a lesbian, specifically butch and fem, audience in developing self, whereas transgender identification prioritizes a heterosexual audience, specifically people invested in the dominant paradigm of a rigid gender system (as a critique to that paradigm). Using Feinberg's character Jess as a prototype of both stone butch and transgender selves, I discuss the theoretical and political implications of foregrounding audiences.
Implementation and evaluation of a gravimetric i.v. workflow software system in an oncology ambulatory care pharmacy

Purpose The implementation and evaluation of a gravimetric i.v. workflow software system in an oncology ambulatory care pharmacy are described. Summary To estimate the risk involved in the sterile i.v. compounding process, a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) in the oncology ambulatory care pharmacy was performed. When a volumetric-based process was used to reconstitute vials, the actual concentration was unknown since an assumption must be made that the exact volume of diluent was used when reconstituting the drug. This gap in our process was discovered during the FMEA and was resolved with the implementation of an i.v. workflow software solution. The i.v. software system standardized preparation steps and documented each process step, enabling a systematic review of the metrics for safety, productivity, and drug waste. Over the study period, 15,843 doses were prepared utilizing the new technology, with a total of 1,126 errors (7%) detected by the workflow software during dose preparation. Barcode scanning detected 292 (26%) of the total errors, the gravimetric weighing step detected 797 (71%) deviation errors, and 37 (3%) errors were detected at the vial reconstitution step. All errors were detected during compounding, eliminating the need to correct errors after production. Technician production time decreased by 34%, and pharmacist checking time decreased by 37%. Conclusion Implementation of a gravimetric-based software system that used barcode verification and real-time alerts improved the detection of errors in the chemotherapy preparation process when compared with self-reporting. Standardized workflow processes and the elimination of time-consuming manual steps increased productivity while vial management decreased costs.
PEST analysis and development strategy research of online pharmacy in China

Objective: To discuss the external business environment that online pharmacies have to face in their development and provide some countermeasures and suggestions for promoting a better development of online pharmacies. Methods: The current status and existing problems for the online pharmacies in China were analyzed from political, economic, social, and technological aspect by a PEST method. Results Conclusion: The online pharmacies in China have been facing the restriction of four aspects mentioned above and three aspects such as brand construction, capital and cost management and talent training should be improved according to the actual situation.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Causing Intracranial Hemorrhage a Clinicopathological Study of 12 Cases

A clinicopathologic study of 12 cases of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) presenting as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was presented. CAA was seen as a stroke or catastrophic ICH in all cases. Eleven of 12 patients died in spite of aggressive medical or surgical treatment. CAA was diagnosed in 4 of 12 cases from surgical material and from autopsy in 8 cases. Senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type was present in only 1 patient. Computerized tomographic scanning in 4 patients initially was not diagnostic for hemorrhage. Lambda chains and amyloid P protein were demonstrated in the areas of amyloid angiopathy immunocytochemically. The pathogenesis of hemorrhage in CAA could be either increased fragility of amyloid-laden blood vessels or rupture of microaneurysms due to CAA. We feel surgical treatment of ICH in CAA should be undertaken with caution.
At Your Fingertips: Considering Finger Distinctness in Continuous Touch-Based Authentication for Mobile Devices

Currently, the most prevalent approaches to authenticate smartphones involve either PINs, swipe patterns, or passwords. Few users enable these approaches. In order to encourage adoption, new authentication methods are needed. Emerging methods rely on the distinctness of a user's touch-based gesture for continuous authentication, providing an unobtrusive approach that simply monitors swipes and other input gestures as they are performed in the context of everyday smartphone use. However, existing methods do not consider the distinctness of a user's touch when different fingers are used. In this paper, we present the results of a small pilot study that suggests that a touch-based gesture performed by the same user with a different finger is indeed distinct. We present an approach that uses accelerometer data to identify the position of the phone and the finger that is being used in a touch-based gesture. Our results suggest that touch-based continuous authentication accuracies can be improved by considering accelerometer data and an individual's various fingers.
The Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform

The Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) is a battery-free, UHF RFID-compatible sensing and computing platform that is powered and read by commercial off-the-shelf UHF RFID readers. WISPs are being used in a variety of domains, including both sensing and security. This chapter presents the design of the WISP platform, characterization of its performance, and describes several application examples.
Sex-Role Stereotypes and the Development of Eating Disorders

In this chapter, we explore ways in which cultural sex role stereotyping may influence the development of eating disorders. Previous reports (Boskind-Lodahl, 1976; Bruch, 1978; Chemin, 1981; Leon, 1976; Wooley and Wooley, 1980) have considered the probable etiological role of cultural attitudes regarding women for certain abnormal eating patterns. However, the relationship involving sex role attitudes, sex role identification, sex role behavior, and the development of abnormal eating patterns has not been directly studied. Therefore, one is obliged to draw conclusions about the etiological role of sex role attitudes on eating disorders through integrating the available scientific knowledge about sex role stereotypes with findings from epidemiological and other studies of eating disorders.
Determination of the polar equilibrium properties of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 65/35

The mechanical, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics can be quite complicated. These materials exhibit both instantaneous and transient responses depending on various physical mechanisms such as dipole dynamics and domain switching. Hence the constitutive relations for the stress and the electric displacement which have been formulated are quite complicated and their characterization can be rather intricate. These constitutive relations must also describe the equilibrium responses of the ceramics when the transient processes have come to rest. In the paper, we show that knowledge of the sound speeds of a virgin and a poled specimen of a ferroelectric ceramic and certain associated properties of the hysteresis and butterfly loops permits the characterization of its equilibrium material properties in the polar direction consistent with an explicit version of the constitutive relations for the stress and the electric displacement.
MRI Abnormalities with Febrile Status Epilepticus: The Febstat Study

Researchers in the FEBSTAT Study Team at centers in New York, Durham, Virginia, and Chicago, IL report MRI findings in their prospective study of the acute effects of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) in 199 children age 1 month to 5 years.
Do Planning Policies Limit the Expansion of Cities

… it is essential … that the town should be planned as a whole, and not left to grow up in a chaotic manner as has been the case with all English towns, and more or less with the towns of all countries. A town, like a flower, or a tree, or an animal, should, at each stage of its growth, possess unity, symmetry, completeness, and the effect of growth should never be to destroy that unity, but to give it greater purpose….
Trauma-Informed Strategies for Staff Recruitment and Selection in Public Child Welfare

Trauma-informed recruitment and selection strategies have been slow to be developed in public child welfare. Recruitment of staff with educational background in trauma is highlighted, with special emphasis on an empirically supported course for child-welfare-informed practice, currently offered in many schools of social work. There has been significant work undertaken in reference to general recruitment and selection strategies. A number of these are reviewed including, the use of screening instrument, realistic job previews (RJP), and behavioral interviewing. Suggestions are made for how they might be revised to be more trauma informed.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and the Need for Routine Cardiac Catheterization in Single Ventricle Patients Prior to Fontan: A Comparison of 3 Groups: Pre-Fontan CMR Versus Cath Evaluation

Objectives This study investigated whether cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography (echo) can replace catheterization (cath) for routine evaluation prior to Fontan and under what circumstances CMR and cath are used together. Background Routine cath prior to Fontan has been utilized for years; noninvasive methods, however, may be sufficient. Methods This study reviews clinical data in 119 consecutive patients investigating 3 groups: those who underwent CMR alone (MR; n = 41), cath alone (C; n = 41), or both cath and CMR (C+M; n = 37) prior to Fontan. Results No clinically significant differences were noted in patient characteristics, hemodynamics, or clinical status prior to or after surgery between the C and MR groups. CMR added information in 82%. There were no discrepant findings between CMR and cath data in the C+M group. Diagnostic success was ≥95% in all groups. Of those undergoing Fontan completion, the C+M group had similar outcomes to C and MR; C and CMR were utilized in combination to assess aortopulmonary collaterals or the need for an intervention or evaluate its success. Echo could not delineate pulmonary arterial anatomy in 46% to 53% of patients. The C+M and C groups were exposed to 6.8 ± 4.1 mSv of radiation. Conclusions Single ventricle patients not requiring an intervention can undergo successful Fontan completion with CMR and echo alone with similar short-term outcomes to C, which was used as a control, preventing an invasive test and exposure to radiation. CMR can add information in a significant number of patients. Cath and CMR are utilized together for interventions and assessment of aortopulmonary collaterals.
AN INTERVIEW WITH LUCE IRIGARAY ON THROUGH VEGETAL BEING: TWO PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES AND SEXUATE DIFFERENCE

In this interview the philosopher Luce Irigaray discusses her book Through Vegetal Being. In response to questions, she distinguishes the human relationship to the environment and to other human be...
Bone flap salvage in acute surgical site infection after craniotomy for tumor resection

Craniotomy surgical site infections are an inherent risk and dreaded complication for the elective brain tumor patient. Sequelae can include delays in resumption in adjuvant treatments for multiple surgeries if staged cranioplasty is pursued. Here, the authors review their experience in operative debridement of surgical site infections with single-stage reimplantation of the salvaged craniotomy bone flap. A prospectively maintained database of a single surgeon's neuro-oncology patients from 2009 to 2017 (JRF) was queried to identify 11 patients with surgical site infection after craniotomy for tumor resection. All patients underwent a protocol of aggressive operative debridement including drilling the bone edges and intraoperative flap sterilization with single-stage reimplantation, followed by tailored-antibiotic therapy. Ten of the 11 patients with frankly contaminated bone flaps from surgical site infection were able to be salvaged in a single-stage procedure. Five of these patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation without secondary complication. There was one treatment failure in a delayed fashion which required additional surgery for craniectomy; however, this occurred after adjuvant treatment was administered. Surgical debridement and bone flap salvage is safe and cost-effective in managing acute surgical site infections after craniotomy for tumors. Additionally, this practice is likely beneficial in expediting the resumption of cancer therapy.
The Many Facets of Design and Research in Instructional Design

This chapter examines instructional design and research within the field of instructional technology, noting differences in conceptualization of design and research held by other design fields. With this broader perspective, an examination of the ways that research is used in instructional design is presented. Research during design, research about design, and research through design are described. This analysis suggests ways that research and practice can be better integrated and extends the notion of instructional design research beyond the classic definitions of scholarly research. Finally, the implications of this framework for instructional design curriculum and future research directions are discussed.
Effect of Temperature on Two Brewers' Yeasts

(1972). Effect of Temperature on Two Brewers' Yeasts. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 30, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1972, pp. 84-86.
Treg infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion in AML.

7016Background: Better defining the immune checkpoint landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia will facilitate the rational selection of immune checkpoint targets and combination approaches for future c...
Generalizing energy decomposition analysis to response properties to inform expedited predictive models

Abstract We present a generalization of energy decomposition analysis (gEDA) for the analysis of molecular response properties, such as polarizabilities. The gEDA approach analyzes the interplay between molecular moieties in terms of chemically intuitive contributions to the observable response property, such as inter-fragment polarization or charge delocalization. The fragment-localized formulation enables one to develop expedited predictive models of response properties based on single-fragment and fragment-pair contributions. We present numerical tests on thiophene oligomers and demonstrate how to harness gEDA to develop a bottom-up understanding of response properties in terms of communicating molecular moieties. We demonstrate how gEDA can be used to develop predictive models for response properties such as the polarizability to provide insights into structure-function relations and to reduce the computational scaling by at least two orders of magnitude compared to canonical calculations, while preserving numerical accuracy.
Nitrogen and Flowering Dogwood. II. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Flower Bud Set and Tree Growth

Abstract Impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the growth of ‘Cloud 9’ and ‘Cherokee Chief’ flowering dogwood was assessed in a field planting from February 2001 until January 2006 in southw...
An ICA based approach for steady-state and transient analysis of task fMRI data: Application to study of thermal pain response.

Abstract Background Data driven analysis methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) offer the advantage of estimating subject contributions when used in a second-level analysis. With the traditionally used regression-based methods this is achieved with a design matrix that has to be specified a priori. New method We show that the ability of ICA to estimate subject contributions can be effectively used to perform steady-state as well as transient analysis of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, which can help reveal important group differences. Results We apply the method to steady-state and transient analysis of block designed thermal pain stimulated fMRI data, and identify distinct sex differences, in parts of the pain matrix: brain stem, thalamus, amygdala, frontal pole (FP), temporal pole (TP), operculum (second somatosensory cortex, SII), anterior insular (AI), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and default mode network (DMN). We also show that the identified regions have significant correlation with weekly exercise and anxiety. Using transient analysis, we identify regions (SII, AI, dACC, DMN) specific to female group showing difference mainly in the initial stages of the experiments. Comparison with existing method With exact same spatial components input in the second level, permutation analysis of linear models cannot identify any significant group difference. In addition, the proposed transient analysis cannot be realized if user is required to input a design matrix as is the case with regression-based analyses. Conclusions The proposed two-level ICA is an effective multi-variate analysis method for both steady-state and transient analysis of task data.