cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of differential rupture duration as constraints on the source finiteness of deep-focus earthquakes: 2. Synthetic tests to estimate errors in rupture vectors and their effect on fault plane identification

[1] The directivity method of Warren and Silver (2006) has been used to distinguish the fault planes of deep earthquakes in the Tonga and Middle America subduction zones. These studies identified exclusively subhorizontal fault planes between 100 and 300 km depth, raising the question of whether the observations represent new constraints on the physical mechanism of the earthquakes or a bias in the methodology. Here, the strengths, weaknesses, and biases of the method are investigated through the comprehensive analysis of 120 synthetic earthquakes with varying depth, rupture vector orientation, rupture complexity, signal-to-noise ratio, and station distribution. These synthetic tests, which allow the evaluation of the effect of each of the varied parameters on the rupture vector determination, show that fault planes can be identified for a wide variety of conditions. The method underestimates rupture velocities by 76%–94%, but this does not affect the determination of the orientation of the rupture vector. The most important parameter for determining the orientation of the rupture vector, and thereby allowing identification of the fault plane, is the distribution of stations recording the earthquake; better coverage around the earthquakes results in tighter constraints on the rupture vector. The broader distribution of recording stations for deeper earthquakes results in tighter constraints on the rupture vectors for deeper earthquakes and, therefore, more ease in identifying the fault plane. However, the difference in resolution does not systematically prohibit the identification of certain orientations of fault planes at shallower depths and suggests that previous observations of exclusively subhorizontal fault planes between 100 and 300 km depth are not the result of systematic bias in the methodology. Instead, the observed dominance of subhorizontal fault planes provides important constraints on the physical mechanism of intermediate-depth earthquakes. The observed subhorizontal fault orientation is inconsistent with the reactivation of the dominant trenchward-dipping outer rise normal faults.
Beyond Stimulus Deprivation: Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Deficits in Postinstitutionalized Children

Children adopted from institutions have been studied as models of the impact of stimulus deprivation on cognitive development (Nelson, Bos, Gunnar, & Sonuga-Barke, 2011), but these children may also suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Fuglestad et al., 2008). The contributions of iron deficiency (ID) and duration of deprivation on cognitive functioning in children adopted from institutions between 17 and 36 months of age were examined. ID was assessed in 55 children soon after adoption, and cognitive functioning was evaluated 11–14.6 months postadoption when the children averaged 37.4 months old (SD = 4.9). ID at adoption and longer duration of institutional care independently predicted lower IQ scores and executive function (EF) performance. IQ did not mediate the association between ID and EF.
Epistemic curiosity, feeling-of-knowing, and exploratory behaviour

The present study investigated how knowledge-gaps, measured by feeling-of-knowing, and individual differences in epistemic curiosity contribute to the arousal of state curiosity and exploratory behaviour for 265 (210 women, 55 men) university students. Participants read 12 general knowledge questions, reported the answer was either known (“I Know”), on the tip-of-the-tongue (“TOT”), or unknown (“Don't Know”), and indicated how curious they were to see each answer, after which they could view any answers they wanted. Participants also responded to the Epistemic Curiosity (EC) and Curiosity as a Feeling-of-Deprivation (CFD) scales. “TOT” was associated with the smallest knowledge-gap, most curiosity and exploration, and feelings of uncertainty and tension as measured by the CFD scale. “Don't Know” corresponded with the largest knowledge-gap, less curiosity and exploration, and positive feelings of interest as measured by the EC scale. “I Know” states, which reflected the absence of a knowledge-gap, involved...
Cyclin D3 expression in normal fetal, normal adult and neoplastic feline tissue

Summary Cyclin D3 is a tightly regulated cell cycle protein and member of the cyclin D family—a group of proteins that facilitates the progression of a cell through G1 and into the S phase of the cell cycle. All cells use at least one of the cyclin D proteins for cell cycle regulation. In this study, feline tissues (normal fetal and adult, and neoplastic) were examined immunohistochemically for expression and topographical distribution of cyclin D3. Its distribution was similar to that in human tissues in health and neoplasia, and suggested a dual role of cyclin D3 in cell proliferation and differentiation. Immature lymphoid tissue and proliferating epithelial cells in health and neoplasia were immunoreactive for cyclin D3, whereas expression of the protein in other immunoreactive tissues reflected differentiated cell types. Immunoreactivity for cyclin D3 was particularly striking in germinal centre cells of normal lymph nodes and B-cell lymphomas, and in normal suprabasal epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes of the oropharynx and in squamous cell carcinomas at these sites.
On badly approximable functions and uniform algebras

Third. we extend the following theorems of Poreda [IO] and GamelIn it nl. [4] to a more general setting. Here and in the following theorem ind( $) may be defined as I :75~ times the change in argument of (b(z) as z travels once along X in the positi\fe direction. GGR AND S's THEOREM. Suppose that Y E G is compact ami c.o77ncrctrd, and C - Y has finitely many components. Suppo.rc X, the boundar~~ qf’ Y, cons&s of N + 1 disjoint closed Jot&n CWWS.
Stimulation of reduced lysozyme regeneration by transferrin and lactoferrin.

Abstract Human serum transferrin, bovine lactoferrin, and hen conalbumin were investigated with respect to the ability of the bound metal to catalyze thiol oxidation. All three proteins were able to stimulate the oxidation of thiols in both reduced lysozyme and reduced glutathione. The efficiency of the metal in catalyzing thiol oxidation was not decreased by binding to transferrin, suggesting that transferrin-bound metals are completely available to both low and high molecular weight thiols. A 5 × 10−7 m concentration of transferrin isolated from serum was able to catalyze the formation of 70% of the theoretical lysozyme activity from reduced inactive lysozyme by 60 min. Increased rates of lysozyme activity formation were observed with copper-saturated transferrin. Decreased lysozyme regeneration rates were observed with the iron-saturated molecule compared to native transferrin. The results presented suggest that metalloproteins may aid in the maintenance of the steady-state cellular concentrations of low molecular weight disulfide by catalyzing the autooxidation of thiols.
Structural and Functional Insights into the Regulation of Arabidopsis AGC VIIIa Kinases

The AGCVIIIa kinases of Arabidopsis are members of the eukaryotic PKA, PKG, and PKC group of regulatory kinases. One AGCVIIIa kinase, PINOID (PID), plays a fundamental role in the asymmetrical localization of membrane proteins during polar auxin transport. The remaining 16 AGCVIIIa genes have not been associated with single mutant phenotypes, suggesting that the corresponding kinases function redundantly. Consistent with this idea, we find that the genes encoding the Arabidopsis AGCVIIIa kinases have spatially distinct, but overlapping, expression domains. Here we show that the majority of Arabidopsis AGCVIIIa kinases are substrates for the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and that trans-phosphorylation by PDK1 correlates with activation of substrate AGCVIIIa kinases. Mutational analysis of two conserved regulatory domains was used to demonstrate that sequences located outside of the C-terminal PDK1 interaction (PIF) domain and the activation loop are required for functional interactions between PDK1 and its substrates. A subset of GFP-tagged AGCVIIIa kinases expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco BY-2 cells were preferentially localized to the cytoplasm (AGC1-7), nucleus (WAG1 and KIPK), and the cell periphery (PID). We present evidence that PID insertion domain sequences are sufficient to direct the observed peripheral localization. We find that PID specifically but non-selectively binds to phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that PID might directly interact with the plasma membrane through protein-lipid interactions. The initial characterization of the AGCVIIIa kinases presented here provides a framework for elucidating the physiological roles of these kinases in planta.
Adenosine transport inhibition ameliorates postischemic hypoperfusion in pigs.

Abstract Cerebral ischemia is often followed by a period of delayed hypoperfusion that may contribute to tissue injury. We tested the hypothesis that augmentation of interstitial adenosine can improve tissue perfusion under this condition. 10 min global ischemia was produced in two groups of isoflurane-anesthetized newborn pigs by occlusion of subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries, and changes in local cortical blood flow and cortical interstitial purine metabolites were measured using the combined hydrogen clearance-microdialysis technique. In one group, the dialysis probe was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid buffer containing nitrobenzyl-thioinosine (NBTI, 100 μmol/1), a competitive inhibitor of adenosine transport. In the untreated group ( n = 9), baseline cortical blood flow (39 ± 3 ml/min/100 g) was depressed by 51 ± 5% and 42 ± 6% at 40 and 60 min, respectively, of postischemic reperfusion. NBTI increased baseline interstitial adenosine levels 2.4-fold which increased baseline cortical blood flow 1.5-fold to 60 ± 4 ml/min/ 100 g, and increased both absolute adenosine levels as well as adenosine as a percentage of total purine metabolites throughout ischemia and reperfusion. As a result, the extent of postischemic hypoperfusion was significantly lessened in NBTI-treated animals ( n = 9 ), with reductions in cortical blood flow of only 28 ± 3% and 24 ± 5% at 40 and 60 min of reperfusion, respectively. These results indicate that inhibition of adenosine transport by NBTI elevates interstitial adenosine concentration during and following cerebral ischemia, and concomitantly improves cortical perfusion in the post-ischemic period. The latter effect may contribute to the documented neuroprotective efficacy of adenosinergic therapy in cerebral ischemia.
Radionuclide angiographic and echocardiographic quantitation of left-to-right shunts in children with ventricular septal defect

Pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratios (Qp:Qs) were estimated in 16 children with ventricular septal defects using simultaneous echocardiography and radionuclide angiography, and compared to Qp:Qs measured at cardiac catheterization by the Fick principle method (Fick). When ratios of echographic left atrial dimensions (LAD) to body surface area (LAD/M2), body length (LAD/ht), and aortic root diameter (LAD/Ao) were compared to the Qp:Qs determined by Fick, the correlation coefficients were r=0.70 for LAD/M2, r=0.66 for LAD/ht, and r=0.54 for LAD/Ao. The correlation coefficients between Qp:Qs by Fick, and left ventricular dimensions/M2 and fractional shortening of the left ventricle were not significant. The correlation coefficients between Qp:Qs and the ratios estimated by gamma-variate and area-ratio analysis of radioisotope pulmonary dilution curves were r=0.92 and r=0.84, respectively. Thus, radionuclide angiography provided more accurate quantitation of left to right shunting through a ventricular septal defect than echocardiography. However, difficulty in obtaining adequate bolus injections of the radioisotope may result in technical failures whereas echocardiographic measurement is possible in almost all pediatric patients. Finally, the gamma-variate method cannot accurately quantitate shunt ratios greater than 3.5 to 1.
Generative fixation: A unified explanation for the adaptive capacity of simple recombinative genetic algorithms

Simple genetic algorithms have been used in a wide range of engineering and scientific fields to quickly procure useful solutions to poorly understood optimization problems. Unfortunately, despite the routine use of these algorithms for over three decades, their remarkable adaptive capacity has not been adequately accounted for. In my dissertation, I develop, submit, and support the generative fixation hypothesis---a unified explanation for the adaptive capacity of the simple genetic algorithm.
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF CURRENT THEORIES OF PSYCHOMOTOR REMINISCENCE

Inhibition, arousal, and consolidation theories of psychomotor reminiscence were examined in a dual-task paradigm in which two segments of continuous practice on a principal task were separated by varying amounts of practice and rest on an alternate task. The allocations of work and rest to the interval between the two segments were such as to allow the theories to make different sets of predictions about the effects of the allocations upon main-task reminiscence. The experimental sample of 140 Caucasian, right-handed subjects had a modal age of 18 yr. Results provided decisive support for Hull's inhibition theory of reminiscence while negating the credibility of competing theories at all crucial points of comparison.
Work values and their effect on work behavior and work outcomes in female and male managers

A longitudinal sample of over 800 MBA graduates surveyed across a 16-year period was recruited to investigate the relationship of work values to work effort, salary levels, and other work outcomes. As predicted, certain work values were related to higher salary levels and to the number of hours worked. Changing companies more often and receiving more promotions were also significantly related to work values. Work values did not differ for women and men in the sample, except that women were higher in the value of wanting to do an excellent job. Controlling for work values did not explain significantly higher salaries for men as compared to women. Implications of these data are discussed.
Electronic spectrum and crystal structure of fac-MoOCl3(dppe)

Abstract X-ray analysis of the oxomolybdenum(V) complex MoOCl 3 (dppe) (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) shows that it is the facial isomer. (C 26 H 24 Cl 3 MoOP 2 , space group P 2 1 / n , a = 13.217(1), b = 12.8935(8), c = 16.0578(9) A , β = 99.967(5)°, V = 2695.1(6) A 3 , Z = 4, R = 0.038 for 6228 data with I > 1 σ ( I ).) The electronic absorption spectrum of the title compound is also compared with those of other oxomolybdenum(V) complexes.
Robust controller design for a space station using ellipsoidal set-theoretic bounds

Abstract Operational concerns in systems require that some variables remain within strict limits in the presence of significant parameter variations and other uncertainties. An attitude control and momentum management system is developed for a space station, that is robust to large changes in mass properties while keeping certain system inputs and states within strict bounds. The problem is solved using ellipsoidal set-theoretic bounds, explicitly accounting for parametric uncertainties while satisfying hard input and state constraints. Simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design. Robustness comparisons with the most prominent robust designs reported in the literature are presented.
Mercury exposure in humans through food consumption from the Everglades of Florida

In March 1989, The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) issued a Health Advisory recommending the limited consumption of several fish species caught from the Everglades region of South Florida due to elevated methylmercury (MeHg) levels (average 2–3 ppm in fish meat). There were no reports of clinical MeHg poisoning in humans in Florida, although deaths of Florida panthers were attributed to mercury (Hg). poisoning. This study evaluated the extent of MeHg exposure in persons eating contaminated fish in the Everglades region.
Influence of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain on human optokinetic responses.

In 15 patients with severe bilateral vestibular impairment (mean vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain < 0.05), constant velocity optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) gain, optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) initial velocity, and OKAN duration were siginificantly (p < 0.0025) lower than in 20 normal subjects of similar age. In the normal subjects VOR gain was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with OKAN initial velocity but not with OKAN duration or OKN gain. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the existence in human subjects of an optokinetic pathway whose function, like that of the subcortical optokinetic pathway in animals, varies with VOR gain.
Importance of inhibin B in the regulation of FSH secretion in the human male

Regulation of FSH secretion in the male involves a complex balance between stimulation by GnRH from the hypothalamus, inhibitory feedback by sex steroids (T and E2) and inhibin B (Inh B) from the gonads, and autocrine/paracrine modulation by activin and follistatin within the pituitary. The aim of the present study was to delineate the feedback control of FSH in the human male with specific reference to the relative roles of sex steroids vs. Inh B. Two experimental human models were used: 1) normal (NL) men subjected to acute sex steroid withdrawal (−T, −E2, + Inh B), and 2) functional castrate males (−T, −E2, −Inh B). Nine NL men (age range, 25–45 yr) and three castrate males (age range, 23–47 yr) were studied. The NL men underwent acute sex steroid suppression using high dose ketoconazole (1-g loading dose, followed by 400 mg, orally, four times daily for 150 h). Gonadotropin secretion was characterized by frequent blood sampling every 10 min for 12 h at baseline and on d 3 and 6 of sex steroid ablation...
Metabolic basis of pediatric heart disease

Abstract We review cardiomyopathies and their classification due to inborn errors of metabolism. An overview of their clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome is provided. Due to the expansion of newborn screening programs and the widespread availability of genetic testing, many patients are now diagnosed earlier in life allowing for timely initiation of symptomatic or even curative treatment and providing opportunities for long-term survival. Hence, it is important that clinicians are familiar with the evaluation, diagnostic approach, and management of these hitherto often lethal pediatric cases. In addition, clinicians need a basic understanding of genetic concepts to provide for appropriate first tier counseling of patients and their families.
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN ROAD PROJECTS: LESSONS FROM WORLD BANK EXPERIENCE IN LATIN AMERICA

The unprecedented and irreversible loss of biodiversity in modern times is caused primarily by the elimination or degradation of natural habitats. Because the construction and improvement of roads sometimes lead, directly or indirectly, to the loss and degradation of natural habitats, road construction and biodiversity aims are often at odds. However, many potentially serious conflicts between road projects and biodiversity conservation can be avoided. Induced negative impacts can be minimized by careful project siting. Where some natural habitat loss is inevitable, appropriate mitigation may include establishment of strict protection zones alongside the road or compensatory protected areas elsewhere. Such mitigation requires effective collaboration, for example, between the agencies responsible for roads and protected areas. Direct adverse impacts of road works on biodiversity also can be significant but are generally simpler to avoid or mitigate because they are more fully under the control of road cons...
Structure of Sodium Aluminosilicate Glasses

A series of sodium aluminosilicate glasses composed of varying ratios (R) of Al2O3/Na2O (0.25 R 2.0) has been simulated with the molecular dynamics technique using a tetrahedral form of a three-body interaction potential. Extrema in the activation energies for sodium diffusion and in the diffusion constants for all of the atomic species were observed for glasses with equal concentrations of Al2O3 and Na2O (R= 1.0). These changes corresponded to the minimum observed experimentally in the activation energy for electrical conductivity and to the maximum observed in the viscosity for glasses with compositions of R= 1.0. The coordination of aluminum remained 4 over the entire compositional range, negating the need to invoke a coordination change of aluminum to explain the changes in the physical properties. The changes to the simulated physical properties as R passed through the equivalence point were attributed to the elimination of nonbridging oxygen, to the introduction of oxygen triclusters, and to changes in the distribution of ring structures within the glass networks.
Nuclear modification to parton distribution functions

We introduce a generalized definition of parton distribution functions (PDFs) for a more consistent all-order treatment of power corrections. We present a new set of modified DGLAP evolution equations for nuclear PDFs, and show that the resummed α s A 1/3 /Q 2 -type of leading nuclear size enhanced power corrections significantly slow down the growth of gluon density at small-x, and drive the slope of parton evolution to zero, a necessary condition for parton saturation.
Family Connections: Empowering Families to Be Collaborative Participants in IEP Meetings

(2010). Family Connections: Empowering Families to Be Collaborative Participants in IEP Meetings. Childhood Education: Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 129-130.
Silicalite as a stationary phase for HPLC

A molecular sieve known as Silicalite was used as the column packing for HPLC. Silicalite contains channels (or cavities) approximately 6 A in diameter but, unlike most other molecular sieves, Silicalite is hydrophobic. The retention times of methyl ketones and substituted phenols containing n-alkyl groups increase with increasing chain length of the substituent. However, phenols with very bulky substituents appear to be excluded from the Silicalite channels and elute very quickly. Excellent separations were obtained for a number of compounds with only slight differences in chemical structure. These include phenol isomers with a primary- or secondary alkyl group, position isomers of substituted phenols, and aliphatic cis-trans isomers.
Microbubble formation: In vitro and in vivo observation

Injection of liquid through a catheter into the circulation is known to produce clouds of signals detected by sonography. Blood forced through a stenotic conduit produced sonographic clouding, and bubbles of 10-100 microns were observed were observed by light microscopy. The microbubbles persisted up to three and a half minutes. Microbubbles were observed in the microcirculation of the rat by placing the catheter tip into the descending aorta of 15 animals, viewing the mesentery at 400X magnification, and recording the results on videotape. Following injection of the rats' own blood, numerous microbubbles lodged promptly at the arteriolar level and obstructed blood flow for up to 200 sec before shrinking sufficiently to pass downstream and allow restitution of flow.
Using optical tweezers to study protein-DNA interactions

Mechanical manipulation of single DNA molecules can provide novel information about protein-DNA interactions. Here we review two examples studied by our group. First, we have studied the forced unraveling of nucleosomes assembled on heterogeneous DNA using core histones, the histone chaperone NAP-1, and ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF). We measure abrupt events releasing ~55 to 95 base pairs of DNA, which are attributable to non-equilibrium unraveling of individual nucleosomes. Wide variations observed in the unraveling force and sudden DNA re-wrapping events may have an important regulatory influence on DNA directed biochemical processes. Second, we have studied the mechanics and dynamics of single DNA looping and cleavage by "two-site" restriction enzymes. Cleavage is measured as a function of DNA tension, incubation time, and enzyme concentration, distinguishing enzymes that require DNA looping from ones that do not. Forced disruption of fixed DNA loops formed in the absence of Mg 2+ is observed, allowing the distribution of number of loops, loop length, and disruption force to be measured as a function of time, DNA tension, and ionic conditions.
Comparison of Supervisors' and Incumbents' Estimates of the Worth of Workers to Their Organizations: A Brief Report

Summary.-The purpose of the current study was to compare estimates of the economic value of workers to their organization obtained from supervisors with those obtained from job incumbents. The measure of value used, SDy, is a utility analysis term which translates workers' performance into dollars and cents. Among a sample of 18 task scientists and 13 of their supervisors, the workers and their supervisors provided substantially and significantly different measures of SDy. This suggests that such estimates obtained from workers and their supervisors not be pooled for analysis. A critical step in utility analysis is the generation of estimates of the standard deviation of job performance expressed in economic terms (SDy). This measure provides an index of the worth of workers to their organization expressed in dollars and cents terms. In previous studies (e.g., Schmidt, Hunter, McKenzie, & Muldrow, 1979) these estimates have been obtained from the supervisors of workers. The current study compared estimates of SDy obtained from supervisors with those obtained from job incumbents. Subjects were employed in a government human resources research facility. Responses of 18 task scientists and 13 of their supervisors were compared. AU were civilian government employees, whose pay grades ranged from GS 9 to GS 14. The incumbents had been in the organization a mean of 9.8 yr. The supervisors' mean job tenure was 14.0 yr., including a mean of 6.5 yr. in a supervisory role. AU workers and their supervisors had completed a minimum of a master's degree. The mean age of the incumbents and supervisors was 39.6 yr. and 42.4 yr., respectively. Sixteen of the incumbents and 10 of the supervisors were men. As the fundamental step in developing estimates of IDy, subjects were asked to provide estimates, in dollars and cents terms, of the worth to the organ~zation of a task scientist who performed at the 15th, 50th, and 85th percentiles (for a more detailed description of the full procedure in developing SDy estimates, see Schmidt, et al., 1979). The mean estimates provided by each group are given in Table 1. Statistical analysis (2-tailed t test, df = 29) indicated the groups gave similar estimates of the worth of 15th percentile workers, but supervisors estimated the worth of workers at the 50th and 85th percentiles significantly higher than did the incumbents. Because IDy values are obtained by subtracting the 15th from the 50th, and the 50th From the 85th percentile estimates, respectively, the values of SDy provided by the two groups in the current study differ substantially. Estimates obtained from-the supervisors were $48,961 (50th - 15th percentile) and $202,227 (85th - 50th percentile), while the corresponding values
IEEE P1149.5 Module Test and Maintenance Bus

The objectives and intended uses of the proposed IEEE P1149.5 Module Test and Maintenance Bus standard are reviewed. Design-for-test features being used in component designs to aid in component, board, subsystem, and system test and maintenance are reviewed. The relationship of the IEEE P1149.5 MTM bus to other test buses is outlined, and the operation protocol is described. Extensions of the standard to meet the needs of specifications are discussed. >
Focal positive surgical margins decrease disease-free survival after radical prostatectomy even in organ-confined disease.

Objectives To investigate the significance of focal positive margins (FPM) in prostatectomy patients. The significance of FPM after radical prostatectomy is unclear. The implication is that FPM are surgically induced, may not represent true tumor extension beyond the prostate, and thus would not affect disease-free survival (DFS). Methods Data were retrospectively reviewed from 2468 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between January 1996 and October 2008. The DFS probabilities were compared among different margin statuses (negative [NM], FPM, and extensively positive [EPM]) with the log-rank test. FPM was defined as less than/equal to 3 mm. EPM was greater than 3 mm. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of FPM in patients with prostate cancer. Results Of all patients, 2022 (82%) had NM, 344 (14%) had FPM, and 99 (4%) had EPM. Of the 1997 patients with pT2 disease, 1716 (86%) had NM, 229 (11.5%) had FPM, and 52 (2.6%) had EPM. The 10-year DFS for all patients was 84%, 64%, 38% for NM, FPM, and EPM, respectively (P Conclusions FPM and EPM after radical prostatectomy confer a decreased DFS even in patients with otherwise organ-confined disease.
Metabolic effects of clofibrate in insulin-dependent ketosis-prone diabetic man.

This study examined the effects of clofibrate therapy on basal plasma substrate and hormone concentrations in ketosis-prone insulin-dependent diabetic man. A double-blind crossover design was utilized during a 3-mo period in which clofibrate treatment (1 g b.i.d.) was compared to that of a lactose placebo (1 g b.i.d.). Our results demonstrate that clofibrate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of plasma glucose, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, triglyceride, and cholesterol in diabetic man. These beneficial effects were observed without demonstrable changes in circulating concentrations of insulin and glucagon. These observations suggest that in ketosis-prone diabetic man, clofibrate therapy may provide an adjunct to exogenous insulin administration.
Investigation of Anomalous CXR Response of Filled Cables

An anomaly in the continuous X-ray (CXR) response of filled cables is described. A systematic investigation of this anomaly is pursued with a single cable type and a model explaining the anomaly is presented. The effect of the anomaly on the accuracy of CXR measurement of SGEMP response is discussed.
Campaign Communication and Attitude Change: A Multidimensional Analysis.

The processes by which political attitude changes occur have been examined extensively from a variety of methodological and theoretical perspectives. In this study, the authors attempt to extend the traditional balance formulation to a continuously-scaled least-squares paradigm in which change occurs as a function of accumulated information. A longitudinal tracking of the changes in attitude toward parties, candidates, and issues is used to make predictions about subsequent attitudes and consequent voting behavior. Possible communicative influences from a political campaign are explored with regard to their impact on changes in concept relations. Analysis of political changes hypotheses and a critical examination of the methodology are used as the basis for suggesting improvements in campaign communication research.
Regulation of lipid metabolism bycytokines during host defense

Abstract Lipid metabolism is extensively regulated during the host responseto infection. As with other aspects of the host response, these events are mediated by cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and the interferons. Cytokines can decrease lipoprotein lipase and increase lipolysis in cultured fat cells. In vivo, many cytokines increase serum triglycerides by increasing very-low-density lipoprotein production. Interferons increase triglycerides predominantly by decreasing lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride clearance. These changes in lipid metabolism do not cause cachexia. Rather, they represent part of the host defense, as lipoproteins scavenge infectious particles such as endotoxin.
Clinical, pathologic, and economic parameters of laparoscopic colon resection for cancer

Abstract Background: The appropriateness of laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) as treatment for malignancy has been questioned. Methods: From 1992 to 1997, 91 patients were entered into a prospective study of LCR for cancer. Clinical, pathologic, and economic parameters of LCR were compared in a cohort of patients matched for age, tumor stage, and type of colectomy who underwent open colon resection (OCR) during the same time period. Results: With a median follow-up of 26 months, there were no significant differences in survival rate for patients in the LCR, converted colon resection, and OCR groups. There were no port-site recurrences and the number of lymph nodes harvested was similar among the procedures. Hospital stay was significantly shorter if laparoscopic resection was successful. Total hospital costs were similar for LCR and OCR; however, the costs were significantly higher for converted colon resection. Conclusions: LCR is a sound oncologic procedure that can be performed with costs similar to OCR.
A case report of naltrexone for alcoholism in a liver transplant recipient: side effects and safety.

Alcohol-related end-stage liver failure is the second most common indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Despite excellent surgical outcomes, 30–50% of liver graft recipients wi...
The Relative Effectiveness of Coumaphos as a Poultry Feed Additive to Control Synanthropic Fly Larvae in Manure

Coumaphos was fed at 0, 20, 33, 40, and 60 ppm in poultry rations to White Leghorn layers during 2 fly-control field trials in 1964 and 1965. Adult fly emergence from insect-caged treated manure samples showed poor control of the little house fly, Fannia canicularis (L.), and the false stable fly, Muscina stabulans (Fallen); from 50 to 84% control of the coastal fly, F. femoralis Stein; from 84 to 99% control of the black garbage fly, Ophyra leucostmla (Weidemann), and only 43% control with the house fly, Musca domestica L. Infectious coryza in all birds on the 1964 test, drug treatment, and the low daily bird intake of coumaphos were responsible for depressed egg production; depression of egg production occurred with hens fed 60 ppm in 1965.
A plaque assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus and kinetics of virus reproduction.

A plaque assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus, type A, was developed in primary bovine kidney cultures, and the kinetic course of virus reproduction was established. The effect of environmental variables on plating efficiency was studied. Exposure of virus to cell layers for 90 minutes at 37° or 15 minutes at 43° prior to overlaying with agar and incubating for an additional 72 hours at 37° gave maximal plaque counts. Temperatures of 26° or 29° maintained during the adsorption period did not produce maximal numbers of plaques. Plating efficiency depended upon the volume of diluent added to virus samples before exposure to cell layers. For example, identical amounts of virus applied to cultures in volumes of 0.1, 0.4, and 6.4 ml produced plaques in the approximate relationship of 60:30:10. Virus diluent should contain serum. Without serum, calcium and magnesium ions were not fully effective. Washing cultures with phosphate-buffered saline before and after exposure to virus was not required, and it was shown that plaques developed only from infections initiated before agar was applied. Frequency distribution and dilution experiments showed that plaques were initiated by single virus particles. Where mean counts of replicate platings ranged from 47 to 66, twice the standard deviation of the means ranged from 16 to 31%. In virus reproduction experiments progeny appeared at 2.5 hours. At 11.5 hours there were 108.6 plaque-forming units (PFU) per millitier corresponding to a release from each cell of approximately 370 PFU.
Applied Behavior Analysis and Its Application to Autism and Autism Related Disorders

This chapter will be basic foundations. The theory behind operant conditioning will be the first part of the chapter. Next terms and concepts will be reviewed such as reinforcement, shaping, etc. The presentation of these concepts will include applications to autism. The chapter will conclude with current developments in theory (e.g., functional assessment, positive behavioral supports)
Open maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder spectrum patients who responded to gabapentin augmentation in the acute phase of treatment

This report describes the results of maintenance treatment with gabapentin in 18 previously refractory Bipolar Disorder patients who initially responded to augmentation with gabapentin during the acute phase of their therapy. Seven of the original 18 patients (39%) have continued to experience benefit from maintenance gabapentin treatment. Only three patients had to discontinue the gabapentin because of side effects. None of the 18 patients experienced an obvious significant adverse drug-drug interaction. Five of the patients discontinued gabapentin because of diminished clinical efficacy after a significant period of positive therapeutic effect. The results of this small open study suggest that gabapentin may be effective as an augmenting agent in the maintenance phase of treatment of some bipolar spectrum patients.
Slide Edge Algorithm

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the most well known problems in the class of optimization problems and is still a challenge for many computer scientists today. One approach used to attack this problem is the use of Neighborhood Search Techniques (or Improvement Algorithms) that improve a solution by making a move to a neighbor if it is a better solution. Neighborhood Search Techniques are used either independently itself or plugged in other algorithms such as Iterated Algorithm, Local Search, or Evolutionary Algorithm. At the same time, the running time gets slower quickly as the size of neighborhood grows exponentially. In this paper, we introduce the Slide Edge Algorithm (SEA), which is supposed not to find a move as Neighborhood Search Techniques do but to improve the quality of a move that a Neighborhood Search Technique finds out. While the time to find a move is exponential, the time of SEA is approximately to linear. In experiment results, with the support of SEA in improving a have-just-found move, Neighborhood Search Techniques achieve a better quality of the tour in a reasonable amount of time.
Joint perturbation scattering characterization of a littoral ocean bottom reverberation: theory, scattering strength predictions, and data comparisons

A joint surface roughness/volumetric perturbation scattering theory is utilized to characterize the reverberation from a littoral ocean bottom. The result is a reflected field spectrum that consists of specular and off-specular components. The predicted scattering strength from the off-specular component is shown to be comprised of interface roughness scattering, sediment inhomogeneity volumetric scattering, and interface roughness/sediment inhomogeneity correlation scattering. The sediment inhomogeneity volumetric scattering is shown to contain two contributions that are due to fractional variations in sediment densities and sound velocities. Both contributions are shown to be affected by the interface effect by a round-trip transmission coefficient factor. These two fractional variations are shown to contribute differently to scattering strength but similarly to backscattering strength. Inversely predicted roughness spectra from various sets of backscattering strength data are shown to be consistent with a generally known roughness spectrum. Both inversely predicted roughness and volumetric scattering physical property spectra are found to be self-consistent. However, the use of only ocean bottom backscattering strength data is found to be insufficient to judge whether the roughness or the volumetric scattering dominates. Reverberation characterizations using bistatic scattering strength data and signal spread data are planned for future studies. >
A primal-dual linear programming solver with linear order complexity

Recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) models are presented for solving primal-dual linear programming problems. The theoretical background is introduced based on the nonlinear analysis of an ANN. A general procedure to synthesize an ANN for optimization problems is discussed. A method to reduce the circuit complexity of the proposed ANN from the order of O(mn) to O(m+n) is developed. Simulation results are presented through an example of up to 20 variables. >
Satellite Formation Flying Design and Evolution

Several satellite formation e ying designs and their evolution through time are investigated. Satellite formation e ying designs arederived from the linearized equations of relative motion under two-body dynamics better known as Hill’ s equations (Hill, G. W., “ Researches in the Lunar Theory,”American Journal of Mathematics , Vol. 1, No. 1, 1878, pp. 5‐26). The formations are then propagated forward in time in the presence of realistic perturbations to determine the stability of each design. Formations considered include in-plane, in-track, circular, and projected circular designs. The Draper Semianalytic Satellite Theory is used to propagate mean elements of the satellites. When perturbations disrupt the satellite formations, an effort is made to quantify the cost of formation-keeping maneuvers. The goal of this effort is to provide physical insight into satellite formation e ying design and outline the effects of realistic dynamics on those designs.
Rhazes in the Renaissance of Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius' (1514–64) first publication was a Paraphrasis of the ninth book of the Liber ad Almansorem, written by the Arab–Persian physician and alchemist Rhazes (854–925). The role of Rhazes in Vesalius' oeuvre has thus far been much disregarded. The different ways Rhazes recurs reveal an intellectual evolution in Vesalius' work. In the Paraphrasis, Vesalius subjects Rhazes to the authority of Galen in the context of the early sixteenth-century humanist campaign for the substitution of Arab influences by Greek ‘originals’. Over the years Vesalius continues his work on Rhazes, but his approach becomes more internationalistic. Ultimately, Vesalius criticises Galen while expressing sympathy for the Arab author. This may be the more significant as Rhazes could have influenced Vesalius in the act of criticising Galen – critical discussions of Galen were available to Vesalius in Latin translations of Rhazes's Liber Continens. Although Vesalius never refers to the work, it is hardly possible he was unaware of it: similarities in structure, rhetoric and form between the Continens and the De humani corporis fabrica could support this hypothesis.
The magnetically driven imploding liner parameter space of the Atlas capacitor bank

Summary form only given, as follows. The Atlas capacitor bank (23 MJ, 30 MA) is now operational at Los Alamos. Atlas was designed primarily to magnetically drive imploding liners for use as impactors in shock and hydrodynamic experiments. We have conducted a computational "mapping" of the high-performance imploding liner parameter space accessible to Atlas. The effect of charge voltage, transmission inductance, liner thickness, liner initial radius, and liner length has been investigated. One conclusion is that Atlas is ideally suited to be a liner driver for liner-on-plasma experiments in a magnetized target fusion (MTF) context . The parameter space of possible Atlas reconfigurations has also been investigated.
The ketogenic diet: adolescents can do it, too.

Summary: Purpose: To determine both the efficacy of and compliance with the ketogenic diet in the adolescent population. Methods: A retrospective study of 45 patients, aged 12–19 years, consecutively enrolled in a ketogenic diet program from 1994 to 2002, was performed. Thirty-seven patients were from The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; eight were from The University of Texas at Houston. Charts were reviewed, and patients were contacted by telephone. Results: Six months after diet initiation, 28 (62%) of 45 remained on the ketogenic diet, with six (21%) of 28 having 50–90% seizure reduction, and eight (29%) of 28 having >90%. At 12 months, 20 (44%) of 45 remained on the diet, with seven (35%) of 20 having 50–90% seizure reduction and six (30%) of 20 achieving >90% efficacy. Only 22% discontinued the diet for perceived restrictiveness. The mean diet duration was 1.2 years. Patients with multiple seizure types did best, whereas gender, prior seizure frequency, diet ratio, and age did not influence outcome. Patients dependent on parents for daily care were more likely to remain on the diet at 6 months, but had less efficacy. Weight loss (60%) and menstrual dysfunction (45% of female subjects) were the most commonly reported side effects. Conclusions: The ketogenic diet is as well tolerated and efficacious for adolescents with epilepsy as for the general childhood population.
Assessments of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in response to fungicide treatment.

Benomyl and tebuconazole reduced head blight incidence, head blight severity, and the percentage of visually scabby kernels (VSK) in harvested grain when applied to the susceptible spring wheat cv. Norm at anthesis. Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration was also reduced. Fungicide treatment increased head weight, test weight, thousand kernel weight, and yield. Fludioxonil reduced certain parameters associated with the disease in barley, including incidence, severity, and deoxynivalenol concentration, while increasing the percentage of plump kernels and yield. In vitro, isolates of Fusarium graminearum were sensitive to fludioxonil, benomyl, tebuconazole, and mancozeb (concentrations that give 50% growth inhibition of 7.4 × 10-3, 3.5 × 10-1,9.9 × 10-1, and 7.3 mg a.i./liter, respectively). No evidence for insensitivity (resistance) was found. Prospects for chemical control of Fusarium head blight (FHB), however, remain limited. The repeatability of assessment methods used in evaluating host response to fungicides and to the damage caused by F. graminearum is discussed. Disease incidence, disease severity, VSK, and DON were identified as key variables that best measure the effects of FHB.
Clustering of fMRI data for activation detection using HDR models

The aim of this work is to perform parametric estimation and detection of activation in fMRI data. The proposed procedure is a segmentation algorithm where clustering is based on estimated parameters for a chosen hemodynamic response (HDR) model. These parameters are estimated for each individual voxel by performing a weighted least-squares nonlinear curve fit to its time series. The parameters are used to decide which voxels are candidates for activation. A segmentation algorithm is executed on a subset of the image voxels, selected based upon fitting parameters. Our procedure will yield activation maps constructed from possibly 2-D (i.e., multi-voxel) regions of activation as opposed to identifying voxels based on individual voxel statistical significance, followed by merging into regions. The approach is intended to reduce false detections, producing "cleaner" activation results without resorting to filtering techniques that may sacrifice spatial resolution.