cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The properties of retrieval cues constrain the picture superiority effect.

In three experiments, we examined why pictures are remembered better than words on explicit memory tests like recall and recognition, whereas words produce more priming than pictures on some implicit tests, such as word-fragment and word-stem completion (e.g., completing -l-ph-nt or ele----- as elephant). One possibility is that pictures are always more accessible than words if subjects are given explicit retrieval instructions. An alternative possibility is that the properties of the retrieval cues themselves constrain the retrieval processes engaged; word fragments might induce data-driven (perceptually based) retrieval, which favors words regardless of the retrieval instructions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that words were remembered better than pictures on both the word-fragment and word-stem completion tasks under both implicit and explicit retrieval conditions. In Experiment 2, pictures were recalled better than words with semantically related extralist cues. In Experiment 3, when semantic cues were combined with word fragments, pictures and words were recalled equally well under explicit retrieval conditions, but words were superior to pictures under implicit instructions. Thus, the inherently data-limited properties of fragmented words limit their use in accessing conceptual codes. Overall, the results indicate that retrieval operations are largely determined by properties of the retrieval cues under both implicit and explicit retrieval conditions.
Incidence and distribution of left ventricular false tendons: an autopsy study of 483 normal human hearts.

The incidence and distribution of left ventricular false tendons were studied in a series of 483 autopsy specimens of human hearts from subjects evenly distributed by sex and age. False tendons were observed in 265 specimens (55%), and their incidence was greater in hearts from male than from female subjects (61 versus 49%; p False tendons are common anatomic variants of the normal human left ventricle which may be detected by two-dimensional echocardiography and should not be misinterpreted as pathologic structures such as flail mitral chordae tendineae or mural thrombi.
The prevalence and clinical correlates of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder

Background: Anger attacks, characterized by sudden episodes of intense anger with autonomic arousal, have been described in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study compared the prevalence and clinical significance of anger attacks in unipolar versus bipolar depression. Methods: Using the questionnaire of Fava et al. [Psychopharmacol. Bull. 27(3) (1991) 275–279], we assessed rates of anger attacks among outpatients with MDD (n=50) or bipolar disorder (BPD) (n=29) who were currently in a pure depressive episode. Results: Anger attacks were significantly more common among bipolar (62%) than unipolar (26%) depressed individuals. In a multiple logistic regression, the presence of anger attacks emerged as a significant predictor of bipolarity. Limitations: This preliminary finding should be confirmed in a larger sample. Conclusions: These results suggest that anger attacks may be a common feature of bipolar depression.
Likelihood of transmitting Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in families with periodontitis

This study examined the frequency of spouse-to-spouse and parent-child transmission of the periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (124 subjects in 47 families) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (78 subjects in 31 families). The two test organisms were recovered from subgingival and tongue surface specimens using established microbiological techniques. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to genetically characterize isolates of the test species. The probability of isolating identical AP-PCR types of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in family members by chance was estimated from the AP-PCR genotype distribution of the two species among unrelated individuals. A probability of 5% or less for occurrence by chance alone suggests intra-familial transmission. With a bacterium-positive spouse, A. actinomycetemcomitans revealed inter-spousal transmission in 4/11 (36%) married couples and P. gingivalis in 2/10 (20%) married couples. Parent-child transmission of A. actinomycetemcomitans took place in 6/19 (32%) families. P. gingivalis was not transmitted from parent to child in any of the study families. The intra-familial transmission of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis may in part explain a familial pattern of periodontitis and may have important prophylactic and treatment implications.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis by PDGF in the newt cardiac myocyte.

Abstract The adult newt cardiac ventricular myocyte has been successfully placed in cell culture and has been shown to undergo in vitro DNA synthess. Although several growth factors have been reported to increase DNA synthesis in cardiac myocytes in vitro, PDGF has not been reported to do so, but has been shown to be active in other systems. Ventricles were removed from the adult red-spotted newt and were enzymatically and mechanically dissociated in a solution containing trypsin and collagenase. Cells were preplated on to plastic to remove non-myocytes. Myocytes were then plated onto laminin. Groups of myocytes were fed control medium and medium containing porcine PDGF. Myocytes were given 1 μCi/ml of tritiated thymidine 6 or 24 h before fixation. Control myocytes showed a peak DNA synthesis at 12–14 days in culture. One ng/ml of PDGF increased DNA synthesis significantly to 22% above control. Myocytes responded to PDGF with significantly increased DNA synthesis in about 12 h. PDGF did not induce earlier DNA synthesis, but increased synthesis at all days of culture tested. These results indicate that PDGF acts upon cardiac myocytes, increasing their DNA synthesis.
Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureteral Calculi in the Real World: Targeted Education Increases Use and Improves Patient Outcome

Purpose: In controlled trials medical expulsive therapy has improved outcomes in patients with ureteral stones but its real-world use and effectiveness outside a clinical trial have not been thoroughly examined. We studied the impact of targeted education of emergency department physicians about medical expulsive therapy and analyzed its impact on patient outcomes and cost.Materials and Methods: In 2006 emergency department physicians at our institution were formally educated about medical expulsive therapy. Retrospective emergency department data were collected on patients with ureteral stones from 2003 and 2005 (before educational intervention), and 2007 (after intervention). Cost and 90-day post-emergency department event data were gathered from a health maintenance organization owned and operated by our medical center. Medical expulsive therapy prescribing trends, adverse outcome (repeat emergency department visit, hospital admission or surgery) and total cost related to ureteral calculus diagnosis we...
A MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY FOR VITAMIN B12 IN SEAWATER USING RADIOCARBON1

A new method for assaying vitamin B12 in seawater using the marine diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt is described. The criterion of response to variations in B12 concentration was C14 assimilation (added as Na2C14O3) after 24-hr exposure to the vitamin. C14 assimilation was proportional to the B12 content of the medium in an ecologically useful range (0.1–6 µµg B12/ml) .
Separation and spectroscopic/molecular weight analysis of crude and purified polyaniline(s)

Inherently conducting polymers have gained increased attention due to the many unique optoelectronic properties they exhibit. The properties of polymers vary depending on the purity, molecular weight distribution, and synthetic conditions; all of these are important for widespread use in many touted applications. These studies have been undertaken in order to separate the low molecular weight and high molecular weight fractions from the crude product. The results demonstrate an efficient separation of different molecular weights of polyaniline (PANI) by the soxhlet extraction procedure with a series of solvents (methanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and benzyl alcohol). The purified products and extracts were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine their molecular weight distributions. UV-visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were performed for structural analysis of the polyanilines. Low molecular weight polyanilines can promote the aggregation in polyaniline chains and increase the solubility of polyanilines.
The Membrane Association Sequences of the Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthases-1 and -2 Isozymes

Abstract Based on the crystal structures of the prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2 (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2), four short amphipathic helices near the amino termini of these proteins have been proposed to act as membrane binding domains. We constructed a series of plasmids coding for amino-terminal sequences of the PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 joined to the green fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria, and we examined the subcellular distribution of the fusion proteins expressed from these plasmids using confocal microscopy of intact cells and Western blot analysis. DNA sequences coding for amino acids 1–139 and 1–136 of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2, respectively, which include the signal peptides, epidermal growth factor homology domains, glycosylation sites, and the putative membrane-binding helices of these two isozymes, were required for targeting the PGHS-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes when expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Chimeric proteins that did not contain the putative membrane binding domains are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, but are not associated with membrane structures, and are present only in soluble cell fractions. These are the first experiments to directly confirm that the amphipathic helices present near the amino terminus of the PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 isozymes act as membrane anchors.
Serum uric acid as a novel marker for uterine atony and post-spinal vasopressor use during cesarean delivery

Abstract Introduction Serum uric acid is a marker for oxidative stress in preeclampsia. Because oxidative stress can result in diminished uterine contractility and impaired vascular relaxation, we hypothesized that an elevated serum uric acid level in women undergoing neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery would be associated with greater uterine atony, as measured by supplemental uterotonic agent use and blood loss, and less hypotension, as measured by total vasopressor use. Methods All records of patients ( n =2527) undergoing cesarean delivery in 2009 were reviewed. Serum uric acid was measured within 24h of delivery in 509 patients; data from 345 patients with singleton pregnancies undergoing neuraxial anesthesia were analyzed. Demographic data, medical and obstetric history, anesthetic management and peripartum course were evaluated. ANOVA, Chi-square, and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results Increased serum uric acid correlated positively with preeclampsia and the need for supplemental uterotonic agents (odds ratio 1.53, 95%CI 1.2–2.0, P =0.002), but not blood loss. The presence of preeclampsia also correlated with greater supplemental uterotonic agent use ( P =0.01). The correlation between serum uric acid and post-spinal vasopressor use (i.e., none, moderate, and high) was of borderline significance ( P =0.05). In patients without diabetes, serum uric acid levels correlated inversely with post-spinal vasopressor use ( P =0.04). Conclusions Elevated serum uric acid in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery with neuraxial anesthesia correlated with increased use of supplemental uterotonic agents and decreased use of post-spinal vasopressors. Further validation of this study is required to determine if serum uric acid in parturients can serve as a reliable predictor for higher and lower occurrences of uterine atony and spinal-induced hypotension, respectively.
Morphological forms of α-alumina particles synthesized in 1,4-butanediol solution

Phase-pure, monodispersed, hexagonal plates of single-crystal {alpha}-alumina ({approx} 2 {micro}m wide and {approx} 0.5 {micro}m thick) have been prepared via precipitation by treating an aluminum hydrous oxide precursor in 1,4-butanediol at 300 C under autogenous vapor pressure. Present work shows that KOH is the only reagent that precipitates an aluminum hydrous oxide precursor suitable to synthesize {alpha}-alumina in 1,4-butanediol solution. In contrast, the use of NaOH or NH{sub 4}OH as the precipitating reagent for the precursor material does not yield the alpha phase. The solution pH at which the precursor materials are precipitated is also a critical factor for the formation of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Phase-pure {alpha}-alumina powders were also only synthesized from the aluminum hydrous oxide precursors precipitated in the pH range from 10 to 10.5. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicate that longer reaction times promote the phase transformation from the intermediate boehmite phase to {alpha}-alumina. The complete transformation from boehmite to {alpha}-alumina requires reaction times of about 12 h.
Measurement of breath amplitudes: Comparison of three noninvasive respiratory monitors to integrated pneumotachograph

Measurement of breath amplitude (BA) and similarly tidal volume (VT) in newborn infants is the standard for detection of apnea and hypopneas. The purpose of our study was to compare the accuracy for BA by three frequently utilized noninvasive respiratory monitors: respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP), mercury in silastic strain gauges (SG), and impedance pneumography (IP). Twenty healthy full-term infants were studied in both supine and prone postures. The RC and AB gain factors for RIP were obtained using qualitative diagnostic calibration (QDC) procedure. The electrical gain of IP was set equivalent to the BA signal of a pneumotachograph (PNT). The three devices were calibrated in the supine posture and measurements were repeated in the prone posture without changing their calibration factors. Compared to PNT, postural change did not significantly alter BA measured by RIP. The accuracy of breath-to-breath BA measurement in the prone posture was worse for IP and SG compared to RIP and PNT. In contrast to SG or IP, the accuracy of BA measurement maintained was by RIP after a postural change from supine to prone in fullterm newborns. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:254–258. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Iridocyclectomy for benign tumors of the ciliary body.

agree with the premise on which the conclu­ sion is based. Preoperative antibiotics elimi­ nate the easily destroyed bacteria from the external eye and allow the resistant bacteria to multiply and enter the internal eye at time of surgery. Perhaps a co-operative study, performed over a five to 10-year period, by Dr. Allen's group, ours and several other institutions, would be of value. Such a study should uti­ lize alternate cases to be treated with either topical or subconjunctival antibiotics. Allen E. Kolker Saint Louis, Missouri
Mammary Tumors in STAT1-Deficient Mice Recapitulate Characteristics of Human Luminal Breast Cancers.

Human breast cancer of the luminal subtype represents approximately 70% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. This particular subtype of tumors are estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive. However, 50% of these patients do not derive benefit from endocrine therapy. One obstacle in the study of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is that there is currently a deficit in murine models that can fully recapitulate the biology of this highly prevalent breast cancer subtype. Here we show that mice lacking the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) spontaneously developed mammary gland adenocarcinomas that showed remarkable similarities to human luminal breast cancer at histopathological, biological and molecular levels. More than 90% of the tumor cells in both early and advanced lesions were ERα+ and/or PR+. STAT1 -/- mammary tumor cells failed to grow in ovariectomized mice, demonstrating that these tumors are addicted to ovarian hormones for proliferation. Supplementing with exogenous estrogen was sufficient to rescue tumor growth in ovariectomized mice. STAT1 functions, at least in part, as an intrinsic tumor suppressor since reconstitution of STAT1 expression in STAT1 -/- mammary tumor cells induced spontaneous apoptosis. Induction of cell death required the critical tyrosine residue at position 701, suggesting that the transcriptional function of STAT1 is involved in tumor suppression.In contrast to the anti-oncogenic effect of STAT1, STAT3 was constitutively phosphorylated by JAK2 in the STAT1 -/- mammary tumor cells. Inhibition of JAK2 or STAT3 activation resulted in tumor cell death, indicating that STAT3 promotes tumor cell survival. Gene expression profiles of the STAT1 -/- mammary tumors showed significant overlaps with that of the human luminal breast cancers, strongly supporting that the STAT1 -/- mammary tumors recapitulate the molecular signatures of human luminal breast cancers. Consistent with the results that STAT1 can act as an intrinsic tumor suppressor, approximately 10% of the human ERα+ breast cancer cases exhibit either undetectable or very low level of STAT1 in the mammary epithelial compartment. This study uncovers a unique role of STAT1 in suppressing mammary gland tumorigenesis. Importantly, this physiologically relevant model of human luminal breast cancer will provide an exceptional tool for the development and evaluation of novel therapeutics. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 65.
The Role of Counterfactual Thinking in Judgments of Affect

The role of counterfactuals in judgments of affective reactions to outcomes was examined. Subjects read about individuals who experienced gains or losses as a result of either deciding to take action and make a change or deciding not to take any new action. In addition, the salience of the counterfactual alternative was manipulated. Past results were replicated in the case of negative outcomes: Individuals who lost money on the basis of action were judged as feeling worse than those who lost money on the basis of inaction. This occurred under both high and low salience of the counterfactual. With positive consequences, however, exaggerated affect for outcomes associated with action rather than inaction occurred only when the counterfactual alternative was made highly salient. Implications for the construction and use of counterfactuals are discussed, and a process model is developed on the basis of the data and the proposed conceptualization.
Recovery of adult oligodendrocytes is preceded by a "lag period" accompanied by upregulation of transcription factors expressed in developing young cells.

Cell cultures prepared from oligodendrocytes directly obtained from adult rat brain are composed of mature cells that lose their cell processes and myelin membrane during their isolation and therefore represent a very useful model to investigate the factors that could stimulate their recovery. We have observed that mature oligodendrocytes isolated from adult animals remain as round cells that lack processes for the first 3–4 days in culture. At the end of this lag period, however, the majority of the adult oligodendrocytes show a remarkable recovery, rapidly growing complex and extensive cell processes. Interestingly, the end of this lag period is accompanied by a dramatic upregulation in the expression of thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (TR). The functional importance of this increase in TR levels is supported by the observation that the majority of the cells cultured in the presence of T3 show significantly more extensive and complex process outgrowth than the control cells in cultures lacking this hormone. In addition, this reactivation of the adult cells was also preceded by an increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB), two transcription factors that together with TR appear to play important roles in the control of neonatal oligodendrocyte development. Thus, it is possible to hypothesize that upregulation of these proteins may be part of the metabolic changes that occur during the lag period required for recovery of the adult oligodendrocytes. These observations raise the question of whether these transcription factors may play any significant role during remyelination after demyelinating lesions of adult CNS. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE CONSUMPTION OF ONLINE NEWS AT WORK: Making sense of emerging phenomena and rethinking existing concepts

This paper examines the consumption of online news at the place of work and during work hours, which are relatively new temporal and spatial coordinates of news consumption for large segments of the population. This novel phenomenon is analysed to make descriptive and conceptual contributions to scholarship on news consumption, in particular, and technology and society, in general. Descriptively, the analysis reveals the emergence of discontinuous features of online consumption ‘at work’ within the context of continuity in some elements of news consumption in print and broadcast media. Conceptually, the analysis underscores the continued relevance of the notions of routines, space, time, and sociability to make sense of news consumption. But, it also shows the need to renew the understanding of how each of these conceptual tools matter when the media change from print and broadcast to digital and the practices of consumption coincide with those of work. The paper also suggests revisiting the boundaries be...
Long-Term Outcome of High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We report on the long-term results and late toxicity outcomes of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Between 1996 and 2000 a total of 561 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy. All patients were treated to a dose of 81 Gy prescribed to the planning target volume. Prostate specific antigen relapse was defined according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus and Houston definitions (absolute nadir plus 2 ng/ml dated at the call). Median followup was 7 years (range 5 to 9).Results: The 8-year actuarial PSA relapse-free survival rates for patients in favorable, intermediate and unfavorable risk groups according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition were 85%, 76% and 72%, respectively (p <0.025). The 8-year actuarial prostate specific antigen relapse-free survival rates for pa...
63.2: A Study of Static Push Test to Define Tensile Failure Stress for Rectangle Glass

Static push test is practicable for measuring the tensile failure stress. The transformation from loading force to stress is described by revised stress equations. This transformation is also capable for rectangle glass.
Super X divertors for solving heat and neutron flux problems of fusion devices

Abstract We present a new magnetic geometry, called the Super X divertor (SXD), that could potentially solve the enormous heat exhaust problem of next-generation high power-density experiments and fusion reactors. With only small changes in net coil currents, the axisymmetric SXD modification of the standard divertor (SD) coils greatly increases the divertor radius, the line length, and the plasma-wetted area. The lower B at large R decreases parallel heat flux and hence lowers the plasma temperature at SXD plates to below 10 eV, allowing higher divertor radiation fractions. The SXD could safely exhaust five times more heat than an SD, is unique in allowing adequate shielding of divertor target from neutron damage, and can enable much improved, reactor-relevant core plasma performance.
Frequency-domain periodic active noise control and equalization

This paper analyzes a frequency-domain periodic active noise control (ANC) system. The adaptive filter employs the frequency domain complex least mean square (LMS) algorithm driven by a unit value at each frequency bin. The synchronously sampled frequency-domain adaptive structure acts as a comb filter to cancel narrowband noises with harmonically related frequencies. A frequency-domain periodic active noise equalization (ANE) system, which reshapes the residual noise by controlling the output of the adaptive comb filter at each frequency bin, is also developed and analyzed in this paper. Computer simulations and real-time experiments conducted attest to the practical usefulness of the proposed ANC and ANE systems.
Quantifying the normal range of myocardial blood flow with /sup 13/N-ammonia PET and tracer kinetic modeling

To aid in diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), automated interpretation programs compare patient scans with a database defining the lower limit of normal flow. While absolute myocardial blood flow can be quantified using N-13-ammonia PET and various tracer kinetic models, normal databases have only been reported using compartmental modeling. This study investigated whether simplified kinetic models could reduce the measured range of normal flow and improve identification of regional flow abnormalities. 14 subjects with <5% likelihood of CAD underwent rest and dipyridamole stress N-13-ammonia dynamic PET imaging. Flow was quantified using a standard 2-compartment model. Patlak analysis was used to estimate the initial uptake rate (K). A simple first-pass model was used to estimate the net retention rate (R). Standardized flow estimates were derived from K and R using model-specific extraction functions. Uniformity of the 2-compartment model polar-maps was improved using k/sub 2//K/sub 1/ constraints derived from subject-specific and population-average values. LV-median rest, stress and stress/rest values were similar for all flow models. Database polar-map values of regional flow were more variable than the LV-median results due to added regional noise. The net retention rate had the smallest variability, indicating that this model may be preferable for detection and localization of flow abnormalities, whereas the compartmental models are more precise for absolute flow quantification.
A high level parallel-pipelined network architecture for adaptive signal processing

This paper investigates a recently developed modular recursive estimation (MRE) [1,2] algorithm using discrete event models (DEM). It also proposes a concurrent, pipelined adaptive signal processing architecture based on parallel networking of these MRE's. The main feature of the MRE is a discerning update strategy for parameter estimates, in contrast to the continual update strategy of conventional algorithms. Not only does this discerning update strategy result in a higher degree of modularity, but also does it facilitate more effective use of data information.
Redefining market opportunities through technology-oriented service innovation

Given the dominance of services in most advanced economies, organizations seeking to grow must rely on service innovation for continued business success. Manufacturers, in particular, are becoming increasingly dependent on services as extensions of their product models or remaking themselves into service companies. However, most improvements to services are incremental and often “me too” in nature. It is relatively rare and difficult for a company to develop a service that creates an entirely new market space or reshapes an existing market. Those companies that can create or redefine markets have the potential to make the competition irrelevant and gain significant competitive advantage. Market creating factors include core benefits vs. delivery benefits, separable vs. inseparable service dimensions, and marketing strategy approaches that can leverage disruptive value to create uncontested market space. To illustrate these concepts, this paper explores the service innovation approaches of six technology companies as they relate to redefining market opportunities to create uncontested market space.
Hysteresis of a Western Boundary Current Leaping across a Gap

Abstract An idealized problem of a western boundary current of Munk thickness LM flowing across a gap in a ridge is considered using a single-layer depth-averaged approach. When the gap (of width 2a) is narrow, a ⩽ 3.12LM, viscous forces alone restrict penetration of the current through the gap. However, the gap is “leaky” in the linear case and some very weak flow still passes through. For larger gap width, the boundary current may leap across the gap due to inertia, characterized by the Reynolds number, completely choking off water exchange between the two basins. For a ≥ 4.55LM the flow may be in one of two regimes (penetrating or leaping) for the same parameters, depending on previous evolution. The penetrating branch solutions become unsteady with eddies forming west of the gap between the two counterflowing zonal jets. As the boundary current slowly accelerates, transition from the penetrating to leaping regime happens when the width of a zonal jet near the gap becomes comparable with a, implying th...
Code generation for the AT&T DSP32

The use of compiler generation tool sets (CGTSs) targeting programmable digital signal processing (DSP) microprocessors (PDSPs) is examined. Such tool sets allow separate construction of all compiler components: language-dependent front ends, internal optimization phases, and machine-dependent back ends for target code generation, including post-generation machine code optimization. In order to compare different CGTSs, standard C language front ends were used and machine-dependent back ends constructed for the AT&T DSP32 digital signal processor. The quality and efficiency of the machine code produced by two CGTS-based compilers are compared with that generated by the AT&T C compiler. >
Field behavior of parasitic Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) toward the host bee Centris bicornuta (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Coelioxys chichimeca is a cleptoparasite and an important cause of mortality for several woodhole nesting pollinator bees in Costa Rica. We studied the behavior of this parasitic bee towards one of the more common host bee, Centris (Heterocentris) bicornuta. The female parasitic C. chichimeca were attracted to host bee, C. bicornuta nest cells that contained pollen, but only exhibited interest in entering and ovipositing when these host cells contained nectar. This interest was exhibited in three different ways: (1) the female parasite landed near the host bee’s nest entrance and waited for the host bee to exit her nest cell before entering; (2) the female parasite entered briefly, re-emerged and re-entered with abdomen first; and (3) the female parasite entered the host bee nest as in (2), but did not exit and re-enter due to larger nest holes, where she could presumably turn around in any direction to lay the egg. We also found that female parasites would briefly hover in front of vials that contained pollen, but would land nearby when the vial contained nectar. Additionally, eggs of the female parasite were inserted horizontally in the wall of the host bee cell, primarily in the upper half. Larvae of these parasites hatched before the host bee egg and with their sickle shaped mandibles, killed any host bee egg or larva present and consumed the nest provisions. Host bees returning to a parasitized cell often removed the nectar, presumably in an attempt to remove the parasite egg.
Matching sets of 3D line segments with application to polygonal arc matching

In this paper, we consider two sets of corresponding 3D line segments of equal length. We derive a closed-form solution for the coordinate transform (rotation and translation) that gives the best match between the two sets; best in the sense of a least-squares distance measure between the sets. We use these results as the basis to construct efficient algorithms for solving other problems in computer vision. Specifically, we address the problem of matching polygonal arcs, that is, the problem of finding a match between a short arc and a piece of long arc.
Secret Sharing Scheme with Non-expansible Shadow Size for Color Images

Because smaller shadows can help speed up the transmission of a secret color image, in this paper we first modify the AMBTC, then combine our modified AMBTC and Shamir's (k, n) threshold scheme to propose a novel secret color image sharing scheme that generates smaller shadows. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme successfully reduces shadow size and that each shadow behaves as a random-like image that prevents leakage of information about the color secret image.
An Italian pattern of social enterprise: The social cooperative

The article describes how the social cooperative has become instrumental in the expansion of the social economy in Italy. It reports the contribution these associations have made to broadening the concept and parameters of volunteer organizations, providing basic social welfare services and integrating many disadvantaged people into the active society. By virtue of their ability to activate wider social projects, this type of social enterprise could be of interest and relevance to other countries (following this example, in 2001 the French government created the Societes cooperatives d'interet collectif), but they call for adequate competencies and protection under specific laws because, on the whole, they are too small and depended on public contributions.
A Lorentz model for weak magnetic field bioeffects: part II--secondary transduction mechanisms and measures of reactivity.

In Part I it was shown that the thermal component of the motion of a charged particle in an oscillator potential, that is, within a molecular binding site, rotates at the Larmor frequency in an applied magnetic field. It was also shown that the Larmor angular frequency is independent of the thermal noise strength and thus offers a mechanism for the biological detection of weak (µT-range) magnetic fields. Part II addresses the question of how the Larmor trajectory could affect biological reactivity. The projection of the motion onto a Cartesian axis measures the nonuniformity of the Larmor trajectory in AC and combined AC/DC magnetic fields, suggesting a means of assessing resonances. A physically meaningful measure of reactivity based upon the classical oscillator trajectory is suggested, and the problem of initial conditions is addressed through averaging over AC phases. AC resonance frequencies occur at the Larmor frequency and at other frequencies, and are dependent upon the ratio of AC/DC amplitudes and target kinetics via binding lifetime. The model is compared with experimental data reported for a test of the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model on data from Ca2+ flux in membrane vesicles, neurite outgrowth from PC-12 cells and a cell-free calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation system, and suggests Mg2+ is the target for these systems. The results do not require multiple-ion targets, selection of isotopes, or additional curve fitting. The sole fitting parameter is the binding lifetime of the target system and the results shown are consistent with the literature on binding kinetics. Bioelectromagnetics 30:476–488, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cytophotometric Study of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Cortisone-Treated Rat Hepatocytes

Rats were treated by intramuscular injection with cortisone acetate, 25 mg./day for 5 days. Small pieces of liver obtained from treated and normal animals were squashed on a microscope slide so as to obtain many areas only a single cell in thickness. After Feulgen staining to demonstrate DNA, optical density was measured using a projection technique. In both the normal and treated animals the nuclei were easily segregated in three ploidy classes, diploid, tetraploid, and octaploid, depending upon Feulgen intensity. In all three classes, the absorbence of nuclei from cortisone-treated animals was approximately 20 per cent lower than the normal. These data were interpreted to indicate that a change in DNA content had been induced by cortisone administration. These findings are comparable to data obtained from similar animals using chemical methods for the determination of DNA.
Performance of Caged White Leghorn Laying Hens Fed Aerobically Stabilized Poultry Manure

Abstract This paper assesses the effects of substituting aerobically stabilized poultry manure for tap water on the performance of caged White Leghorn laying hens. Three separate feeding trials over a three-year period were conducted. In each feeding trial, aerobically stabilized poultry manure from an undercage oxidation ditch was substituted for tap water. For the three trials, egg production by the hens receiving the aerobically stabilized poultry manure exceeded that of the control group by an average of 2.6 ± 1.7%. No significant differences were observed in final body weights, mortality, or egg weights between the two groups of hens in any of the three feeding trials.
Melatonin injections affect circadian behavior and SCN neurophysiology in Djungarian hamsters

We investigated the effects of daily melatonin (MEL) injection on phase angle of entrainment, duration of wheel-running activity (alpha), and frequency of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neuronal discharge in the photo-nonresponsive phenotype of the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Photo-nonresponsiveness is characterized by an absence of physiological adjustments to short days (SD). With respect to wheel-running activity, photo-nonresponsive hamsters have a large negative phase angle of entrainment and a compressed alpha under SD. These hamsters also have a delayed nocturnal MEL pulse. These circadian differences are correlated with the daily profile of SCN neuronal activity. In the present experiments, daily MEL injections to photo-nonresponsive hamsters resulted in molt, gonadal regression, and expansion in alpha until entrainment to lights off. Vehicle-injected controls did not exhibit any of these responses. SCN neuronal activity patterns recorded from MEL-injected photo-nonresponders, but not vehicle-injected controls, resembled electrical activity profiles of photoresponsive hamsters. These results demonstrate that MEL induces "photoresponsiveness" in previously photo-nonresponsive hamsters, that MEL modifies circadian behavior to resemble that of photoresponders, and that MEL injections affect the circadian rhythm of SCN neuronal firing.
Immunologic Mechanisms in Heavily Irradiated Mice Treated with Bone Marrow

1. Humoral antibody production has been studied in severely irradiated mice treated with isologous (same strain) or homologous (different strain) bone marrow. 2. The two methods of study involved functional end points of humoral antibody production as evidenced by in vivo lysis of rat erythrocytes or by regression of mouse leukosis E.L. 4 in histoincompatible mouse recipients. 3. Humoral antibody production was lost after irradiation and isologous marrow treatment, but recovered partially in two weeks and almost completely in four weeks. 4. Established immunity was not abruptly terminated after irradiation and treatment with either isologous or homologous marrow, although there was premature loss of immunity to rat erythrocytes by the irradiated, isologous marrow-treated mouse. 5. Permanent immunity could not be transferred by isologous marrow or spleen from immunized donors to irradiated recipients. 6. Treatment of mice histoincompatible to E.L. 4 leukosis with histocompatible donor bone marrow failed to establish rejection of the tumor. 7. These studies support the concept that humoral antibody production in irradiated, marrow-treated mice remains a function of the host rather than of the transplanted tissues. 8. These studies failed to clarify the conflicting evidence concerning the mechanism of the late illness that occurs after treatment of the irradiated mouse with bone marrow from a different strain or species.
Individual agency through imagining transnational community: converting to Islam in Modern China

This study examines subjective, social, and transnational aspects of conversion to Islam in modern China by examining the “conversion careers” (Gooren (J Sci Stud Relig 46(3):337–353, 2007), 2010) of seven “new Muslims” who reside in and around Xining, Qinghai Province. Examining their experiences that include pre-conversion socialization, initial encounters with Islam, study of the faith, conversion, and expressions of a new Muslim identity reveals a complex interaction between sociocultural circumstances and individual agency. Rather than gradually succumbing to local ideas of Islamic orthodoxy or passively obeying religious authorities, converts study Islamic texts, form a variety of interpretations, and express their newfound belief in various individual and collective ways that often conflict with social expectations, local Islamic norms, and moral authority of the Chinese state. Converts draw confidence to pursue these conversion careers by believing in the universality of their faith and imagining themselves as part of a transnational community that shares their interpretations of Islam. Thus, conversion to Islam can be seen as compatible with, or even the product of, modern trends of increasing rationality, individual agency, and transnational identity.
Arthroscopic Reduction and Stabilization of Chronic Perilunate Wrist Dislocations

An acute perilunate wrist injury that is unreduced for more than 6 weeks results in severe disability, and even open reduction with stabilization through wide dorsal and volar approaches is technically challenging. This report describes an arthroscopic technique for reduction and percutaneous wire stabilization of a chronic perilunate wrist dislocations. The technique involves initial radiocarpal and midcarpal access through the 6R and 3-4 portals, and these portals are used for synovectomy and debridement of capsular flap tears. The midcarpal joint is accessed initially through the radiocarpal joint, and additional midcarpal portals are used for sequential perilunate adhesiolysis before carpal mobilization and reduction. A percutaneous wire drilled into the lunate is used as a joystick to manipulate the lunate into its anatomic alignment along the carpal bones, and percutaneous transcarpal wire fixation is performed to stabilize the carpus. Arthroscopic and fluoroscopic guidance is used to optimize anatomic reduction and to confirm stability. The wrist is immobilized for 6 weeks; the percutaneous wires are removed thereafter, and the wrist is mobilized. Overall, the arthroscopic technique provides a safe and reproducible method for treatment of this complex chronic injury.
Interparticle Interactions in Highly Concentrated Coal–Water Slurries and Their Effect on Slurry Viscosity

Coal/petcoke–water slurry viscosity is affected by interparticle interactions of the solids in water, which, in turn, is governed by the surface chemistry of the solids. To determine interparticle interactions of these carbonaceous solids in water, interfacial energies were determined on the basis of surface chemistries characterized by contact angle and ζ potential measurements. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic interaction energies, observed to be 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the electrostatic interaction energies and the van der Waals interaction energies, were clearly the dominant interaction energies for such a system. Hydrophobic interactions lead to the formation of aggregation networks of solids in the suspensions with entrapped water, whereas hydrophilic interactions result in the formation of hydration layers around the carbonaceous solid particles, causing loss of free water from the slurry. This results in an increase in the effective solid volume fraction, leading to an increase in viscosity. Th...
Polymer Nanocomposites of Surface-Functionalized Gold

Nanometric gold particles were synthesized by a liquid/liquid phase-transfer reaction. Composites of these particles in polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(phenylmethylsilane) were prepared at concentrations from 1.0 to 5.0 mg/ml were prepared, with no noticeable agglomeration of particles during processing. These materials showed a linear absorption peak at 530 nm, which is characteristic of nanosized gold. Highresolution electron microscopy measurement showed that the particle diameters were approximately 2.2 ± 1.3 nm. Degenerate four-wave mixing experiments at 532 nm yielded, on 10-micron films, a maximum value of 1.5 × 10−10 e.s.u. for the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Abstract 896: A systematic search in tumor interstitial fluid identifying a tumor-specific interleukin-hypoxia-glycolysis-DNA repair pathway and a novel serum marker RBB3 for human hepatoma

The long-term outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains undesirable, primarily due to late diagnosis and high recurrence. We aimed to discover new markers for early detection and prediction of recurrence. We initiated our search by comparing the proteomes of the interstitial fluid of HCC (TIF) and nonHCC liver tissues by using proteomic approaches. About 150 proteins were found to be dysregulated in TIF. Gene ontology analysis and biofunction reconstruction revealed the involvement of “interleukin-hypoxia-glycolysis-DNA repair pathway” in HCC. To search for novel serum markers, we identified secreted RBB3 (sRBB3) significantly increased their amount in TIF. Further studies disclosed that the serum sRBB3 level was significantly higher in HCC (113 cases) than in cirrhosis (47 cases)(p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-896
Analysis of the Extramarital Sexuality and Condom Use Among the Mobile Male Population

Objective To investigate the status of extramarital sexuality and condom use among the mobile male population in Beihai, explore the influence factors and put forward efficacious prevention steps. Methods Stratified clustered random sampling and the Mobile Population Health Questionnaire were used in the investigation. Results Of the 400 respondents, the proportion of the mobile population having commercial sexuality in the last year was 17.75%, the proportion of the mobile population using condom in every commercial sexuality was 47.89%; the proportion of the mobile population having sexuality with casual partners in the last year was 13.00%, the proportion of the mobile population using condom with casual partners every time was 23.08%. There was significant difference between the rate of condom use with age, census register and AIDS knowledge awareness when the mobility population had commercial sexuality. Conclusion It is necessary to carry out all kinds of AIDS knowledge education and promote the use of condom to control the prevalence of AIDS among the mobile population.
Annual PCE Models

We now turn to the results that have been obtained with the annual personal consumption expenditure categories from the National Income Accounts. Models are estimated for all but five of the 112 categories of expenditure listed in Table 13.2. Categories for which models are not estimated are food furnished to employees (1.3), food produced and consumed on farms (1.4), standard clothing issued to military personnel (2.3), and the two balancing items in category 12.0 (12.3 and 12.4). The information tabulated is the same as for the quarterly models in Chapter 14. The presentation is organized in terms of the 12 major categories of expenditures (food, clothing and shoes, housing, etc.) listed at the far left in Table 13.2. With the exception of the five categories listed above, models are estimated for every level and sub-level of aggregation in the table.