cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It’s Not You, It’s Me…No, Actually It’s You: Perceptions of What Makes a First Date Successful or Not

Early communication plays an important role in influencing the perceptions one has of an individual. The first form of in-person communication individuals often have with potential romantic partners is during the first date. This date tends to take on the form of a “dance” involving carefully orchestrated conversation and self-disclosures. What is said is certainly important, as are the behaviors exhibited by each member of the dyad. This study examined how individuals interpreted what potential romantic partners say and do during, or immediately following, the first date to get a sense of how they perceive these actions and words. Special attention was placed on the participants’ interpretations of whether or not their date was attracted to them. A survey was given to 390 participants, and many interesting differences were found between the genders. Certain behaviors, such as steering the conversation to the topic of sex signaled to men that their date was attracted to them. However, women looked for different behaviors to infer attraction on the part of their partner, such as mentioning future plans and kissing them goodbye. With a better understanding of how certain phrases and actions influence others, people can be more aware of the signals sent to others upon their pivotal initial encounters.
The New Thinking and Its Limits

Important changes have taken place in Soviet foreign policy since 1985; this review addresses itself to the reasons for these changes, as well as to the question of their extent, and whether and to what degree they should be considered irreversible.
Postpartum Sit-Ups

To the Editor: I have a comment concerning the article “Interrater Reliability of Diastasis Recti Abdominis Measurement,” in the July issue of Physical Therapy (67:1077–1079, 1987). The author stated that the modified postpartum exercise for separation of recti muscles of three or more finger widths is a partial sit-up with the scapulae clearing the floor. It is my understanding that the modified exercise consists of a head raise only while in a supine position with knees bent, crossing the hands over the abdominal area so as to pull the muscles toward the midline. Raising only your head and not your shoulders and trunk activates just the superficial abdominal muscles that have separated. If the shoulders are raised off the floor, the deeper abdominal muscles will contract, causing an increase in the separation. This information can be found in Noble's Essential Exercises for the Childbearing Year , page 62. [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/67/1077?iss=7
A Method for Creating Individualized Practice-Based Evidence

Few therapists test their assumptions about how they do therapy against what they actually do. The purpose of this article is to offer clinicians an evaluation method to assess adherence to their integrative theories of therapy, how their clients respond to their implementation of their theories, and their ability to make and track changes to theories of therapy during the process of evaluation. This method produces practice-based evidence. A case study example with three couples is used to describe the use of the method as implemented by the first author. Using the integrated model was found to influence ongoing sessions and cases in a number of ways that resulted in changes to the author’s integrated therapy model during the case study example. Discussion includes the use of the evaluation approach for therapists, limitations to using this approach, and suggestions for future research.
Examining the differences in current regulatory processes for sunscreens and proposed safety assessment paradigm

Skin cancers including malignant melanoma which are due to UV radiation constitute a serious public health problem. Recent studies have confirmed the importance of UVA radiation in the pathogenesis of skin cancer, as well as the protective effects of broad-spectrum sunscreen use. Barriers for effective protection of the US public include the lack of effective UV filters, especially in the UVA spectrum. The major reason for the paucity of UVA-effective filters in the US is due primarily to the FDA's reluctance to approve agents which have already been on the market in Europe and elsewhere in the world for more than a decade. The underlying reasons for these discrepancies in new sunscreen approval success between the US and abroad are complex, and include factors such as that the FDA considers UV filters as drugs, whereas they are regulated as cosmetics elsewhere. FDA has not as yet developed a consistent approach for the approval of new UV filters. We provide a paradigm for both non-clinical testing and human safety testing which includes parameters for a human maximum use test (MUsT) that is based upon both ethical and scientific concepts. These suggestions could form the basis of future regulatory guidelines for rational testing thus allowing us to reach the consensus goal of more efficient and timely approval of much-needed UV filters to provide protection for the US public.
Native Tissue Surgery for Prolapse versus Graft/Mesh Use: Current Trends in Reconstructive Surgery

Pelvic organ prolapse, characterized by a descent of the vaginal walls or vaginal apex, can be treated surgically in symptomatic women who decline or have failed conservative management. Because prolapse can recur after surgery, mesh and biologic grafts have been developed to augment repairs. Use of transvaginal mesh materials quickly increased in the early twenty-first century; however, since the FDA warnings about potential serious complications from transvaginal mesh in 2008 and 2011, use has decreased dramatically, and many mesh products were removed from the market. Even through the peak of mesh use in prolapse surgery, native tissue repairs have remained the most common type of repair.
Comparative Measures of Lean Body Tissues in the Clinical Setting

Age-related decreases in muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, have been shown to be related to functional limitation, frailty, and an increase in morbidity and mortality. While the most accurate method to assess muscle mass is biopsy, this is impractical clinically. There are numerous methods to assess skeletal muscle mass including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) which are low cost and accessible. There are also more specific standards for assessing muscle mass or cross-sectional muscle area including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). Each method has its own advantages and limitations in clinical practice. Other emerging methods include peripheral quantitative CT and ultrasound. The ideal test would be valid and reliable, low cost, and practical combined with simple measurements of isometric strength to define sarcopenia and predict future health events.
The mythology of CRISPR

An optimistic outlook on gene editing seeks to reconcile scientific progress with wisdom from the humanities
Delayed Molecular Triplet Generation from Energized Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots

The generation and transfer of triplet excitons across the molecular–semiconductor interface represents an important technological breakthrough featuring numerous fundamental scientific questions. This contribution demonstrates curious delayed formation of TIPS–pentacene molecular triplet excitons bound on the surface of PbS nanocrystals mediated through the initial production of a proposed charge transfer intermediate following selective excitation of the PbS quantum dots. Ultrafast UV–vis and near-IR transient absorption spectroscopy was used to track the dynamics of the initial PbS exciton quenching as well as time scale of the formation of molecular triplet excited states that persisted for 10 μs on the PbS surface, enabling subsequent energy and electron transfer reactivity. These results provide the pivotal proof-of-concept that PbS nanocrystals absorbing near-IR radiation can ultimately generate molecular triplets on their surfaces through processes distinct from direct Dexter triplet energy transf...
Cigarette smoking and the natural history of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Purpose To examine the association of current cigarette smoking and pack-years smoked with the incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine the interactions of current smoking and pack-years smoked with complement factor H ( CFH, rs1061170) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 ( ARMS2, rs10490924) genotype. Design A longitudinal population-based study of AMD in a representative American community. Examinations were performed every 5 years over a 20-year period. Participants A total of 4439 participants in the population-based Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES). Methods Age-related macular degeneration status was determined from grading retinal photographs. Multi-state models were used to model the relationship of current smoking and pack-years smoked and interactions with CFH and ARMS2 with the incidence and progression of AMD over the entire age range. Main Outcome Measures Incidence and progression of AMD over a 20-year period and interactions between current smoking and pack-years smoked with CFH and ARMS2 genotype. Results The incidence of early AMD over the 20-year period was 24.4%, and the incidence of late AMD was 4.5%. Current smoking was associated with an increased risk of transitioning from minimal to moderate early AMD. A greater number of pack-years smoked was associated with an increased risk of transitioning from no AMD to minimal early AMD and from severe early AMD to late AMD. Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked were associated with an increased risk of death. There were no statistically significant multiplicative interactions between current smoking or pack-years smoked and CFH or ARMS2 genotype. Conclusions Current smoking and a greater number of pack-years smoked increase the risk of the progression of AMD. This has important health care implications because smoking is a modifiable behavior.
Simulation of heating by optical absorption in nanoparticle dispersions (Conference Presentation)

With the proliferation of highly confined, nanophotonic waveguides and laser sources with increasing intensity, the effects of laser heating will begin to greatly impact the materials used in optical applications. In order to better understand the mechanism of laser heating, its timescales, and the dispersion of heat into the material, simulations of nanoparticles in various media are presented. A generic model to describe a variety of nanoparticle shapes and sizes is desirable to describe complex phenomenon. These particles are dispersed into various solids, liquids, or gases depending on the application. To simulate nanoparticles and their interaction with their host material, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used. Heat transfer following an absorption event is also described by a parabolic partial differential equation, and transient solutions are generated in response to continuous, pulsed, or modulated laser radiation. The simplest physical system described by FEM is that of a broadly-absorbing round-shaped nanoparticle dispersed in viscous host fluid or solid. Many experimental and theoretical studies conveniently describe a very similar system: a carbon “black” nanoparticle suspended in water. This material is well-known to exhibit nonlinear behavior when a laser pulse carrying 0.7 J/cm 2 is incident on the material. For this process the FEM simulations agree with experimental results to show that a pulse of this fluence is capable of heating the solvent elements adjacent to the nanoparticle to their boiling point. This creates nonlinear scattering which is empirically observed as a nonlinear decrease in the transmitted power at this input fluence.
Beyond Mere Survival: Transforming Independent Colleges and Universities

• Many independent colleges and universities have been managing financial constraints through short-term measures such as operating budget cuts and the hiring of adjunct faculty. This approach is n...
Desert Storm: the cure that killed the patient

One year ago, Americans debated the possible courses of action in the Persian Gulf. We weighed the anticipated costs of a military campaign versus the continuation of economic sanctions against Iraq. The decision is similar to that made daily by a physician when recommending surgery versus medical therapy for treating a tumor. The final outcome9s effectiveness can only be determined in stages.
Kant on space, time, and respect for the moral law as analogous formal elements of sensibility

To advance a successful reading of Kant's theory of motivation, his interpreter must have a carefully developed position on the relation between our rational and sensible capacities of mind. Unfortunately, many of Kant's commentators hold an untenably dualistic conception, understanding reason and sensibility to be necessarily conflicting aspects of human nature that saddle Kant with a rigoristic and fundamentally divided moral psychology. Against these interpreters, I argue for a reading that maintains a unified conception, claiming that we must think of reason and sensibility as interdependent capacities, which stand to one another as form to matter. Our sensible nature thus does not stand opposed to reason; its fundamental character is determined by reason's activity. I take Kant's account of moral motivation and the feeling of respect to represent the lynchpin of this unified account. Against interpreters who would emphasize either the intellectual or affective nature of respect, I claim that it should be understood as the formal element of moral sensibility, the result of practical reason determining the capacity to feel and fundamentally transforming its character. To make this argument, I draw on Kant's account of sensibility in the Critique of Pure Reason, claiming that space, time, and respect for the moral law are analogous formal elements of sensibility.
White Pine Blister Rust Severity and Selection of Individual Whitebark Pine by the Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

We investigated whether white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) (J.C. Fischer in Rabenh.) severity, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), bark and phloem thickness, and sapwood moisture conte...
An Approach for IPSecVPN Network Topology Discovery Based on Layer 3 Topology

Network topology discovery is crucial to auto network management system. In research area, the reseach of Layer 3 topology discovery uses ipRouteTable [1,2], which efficiency is slow. This paper proposes a improved approach to Layer 3 discovery algorithm. Then, this paper gives the time complexity of algorithm analysis. And this paper proposes a approach to discover IPSecVPN protocol topology based on Layer 3 topology. In addition, the architecture of topology discovery module proposed is helpful to further topology discovery. Those alogrithms relied on SNMP MIB information have been implemented in Java and tested in several enterprises network. The discovering results demonstrate that it is accurate and efficient to discover Layer 3 topology and IPSecVPN protocol topology.
Pascal Quignard: towards the vanishing point

Lea Vuong’s succinct and insightful book, Pascal Quignard: Towards the Vanishing Point, addresses the work of French writer Pascal Quignard through the lenses of absence and disappearance. As Vuong...
Ice Caves in Slovakia

Abstract Ice caves belong to the significant natural phenomena in Slovakia. They occur mainly in mid- and high-mountain areas, and several of them are filled by ice only seasonally (during the winter season to the summer). Based on existing data, 45 caves are permanently filled with ice. The well-known Dobsinska ľadova jaskyňa Cave (Dobsina Ice Cave) presents a typical descending sack-like cavity with the largest ice volume in the world (despite the fact that it is located in the mid-mountain position, below 1000 m a.s.l.). Its ice body is an important natural archive with paleoclimatic evidence of approximately the past 1000 years. The Silicka ľadnica Cave (Silica Ice Cave) is the lowest situated perennial ice cave, up to a 50 degrees north latitude, in the temperate climate zone. Both caves (together with the Snežna diera Cave) are included in the World Heritage List within the Slovak-Hungarian site named Caves of Aggtelek and Slovak Karst. Two ice caves (Dobsinska ľadova jaskyňa Cave and Demanovska ľadova jaskyňa Cave) are open to the public. The Dobsina Ice Cave is one of the first electrically illuminated show caves in the world. But the development of both caves for tourism has resulted in some negative human impacts. At present, the caves are used as educational localities under the supervision of the State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic. All caves in Slovakia are protected as natural monuments (the most significant caves as national natural monuments, including several ice caves).
Migration of spinal pedicle screw with aerodigestive perforation and subsequent device expectoration.

Abstract Introduction Spinal fixation is a common surgical procedure. Frequently, fixation for spinal stabilization requires use of instrumentation such as pedicle screws and fixation plates. Aerodigestive and vascular perforations from such procedures are infrequent albeit known complications from these procedures. Presentation of case This case details an uncommon situation in which a patient with anterior cervical spine fixation in the distant past was found to have a migratory pedicle screw. The patient had symptoms of neck pain and dysphagia. Radiographic studies were helpful in demonstrating the problem. While undergoing a physical examination, the patient was witnessed to expectorate the screw. Further work up with panendoscopy was undertaken and the patient managed conservatively. Discussion The upper aerodigestive system rarely experiences perforation from spinal stabilization hardware. When it occurs, management should include a dedicated investigation of the involved portions of the digestive system to avoid further complication. Conclusion This case presents an rare occurrence of aerodigestive perforation of a spinal pedicle screw which was self-removed.
Haplotype-tagging analyses of aromatase (CYP19) and risk of breast cancer.

5384 INTRODUCTION: Aromatase (CYP19) is a critical enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, and aromatase inhibitors are of increasing importance in the treatment of breast cancer. Earlier (Ma, Cancer Research, 2005) we identified 88 polymorphisms during resequencing of all coding exons, upstream untranslated exons plus their presumed core promoter regions, all exon-intron splice junctions and a portion of the 3`-untranslated region of CYP19 . In this analysis, we examined the association of haplotype tagging variants and breast cancer in a case-control study. METHODS: Incident cases of breast cancer were identified within 6 months of diagnosis from the Division of Oncology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN from February 2001 through March 2005. Controls were selected from patients visiting the Mayo Clinic for an annual medical exam and were frequency matched to cases on age (in 5 year categories) and region of residence. Haplotype tagging variants were selected using 2 methods: 1) 12 variants were selected by the tag-selection method of Carlson et al (Am J Hum Genet 2004;74:106), with a minimum minor allele frequency (MAF) of 5%, 80% correlation within bins and 2) 14 variants were selected based upon the haplotype block method of Stram (Hum Hered 2003;55:27), with a MAF of 2%. Seven SNPs were common across the two methods; 19 unique variants were genotyped. Genotyping was conducted using SNPStream and RFLP analyses. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). All models were adjusted for age group and geographic area and estimated the odds of breast cancer associated with each additional copy of the variant allele. Women having two copies of the most common allele were defined as the referent category. Analyses were conducted among all cases and controls, or stratified by estrogen receptor alpha (ER) status, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer and/or prostate cancer. RESULTS: A total of 758 cases (267 premenopausal, 459 postmenopausal, 32 unknown) and 734 controls (193 premenopausal, 523 postmenopausal, 18 unknown) were included. 75% of the cases were ER+. MAFs varied from 3% to 49% among cases and 2% to 50% among controls. CYP19*1Q (rs4774585), located in the 5’ flanking region of Exon 2a was associated with an 80% increased risk of ER+ breast cancer (OR=1.79, 1.05–3.04). CYP19*1T (rs2289105) was associated with an elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among women with a family history of breast cancer (OR= 1.71, 1.04-2.83). These associations are possibly due to chance caused by the multiple comparisons made. None of the other haplotype-tagging variants were significantly associated with odds of breast cancer. Our analyses had 80% power to detect odds ratios as low as 1.24 for MAF of 0.50 or 1.89 for MAF of 0.02. CONCLUSION: These analyses suggest that variants of CYP19 are not associated with risk of either premenopausal or postmenopausal breast cancer.
Detecting Wildlife in Unmanned Aerial Systems Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks Trained with an Automated Feedback Loop

Using automated processes to detect wildlife in uncontrolled outdoor imagery in the field of wildlife ecology is a challenging task. This is especially true in imagery provided by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), where the relative size of wildlife is small and visually similar to its background. This work presents an automated feedback loop which can be used to train convolutional neural networks with extremely unbalanced class sizes, which alleviates some of these challenges. This work utilizes UAS imagery collected by the Wildlife@Home project, which has employed citizen scientists and trained experts to go through collected UAS imagery and classify it. Classified data is used as inputs to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which seek to automatically mark which areas of the imagery contain wildlife. The output of the CNN is then passed to a blob counter which returns a population estimate for the image. The feedback loop was developed to help train the CNNs to better differentiate between the wildlife and the visually similar background and deal with the disparate amount of wildlife training images versus background training images. Utilizing the feedback loop dramatically reduced population count error rates from previously published work, from +150% to \(-3.93\)% on citizen scientist data and +88% to +5.24% on expert data.
The Regulation and Role of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis

One of the key functions of the epidermis is to form a barrier between the organism and the outside world. As shown in Fig. 3, disruptions of the barrier result in a cascade of events that ultimately leads to barrier repair. The initial signal that initiates this repair response is unknown. The exocytosis of preformed lipid-enriched lamellar bodies is the first step in this response, which is followed by an increase in lipid synthesis in the epidermis. Our studies demonstrate that this increase in epidermal lipid synthesis is required for the synthesis of new lamellar bodies and repair of the barrier. Inhibition of epidermal lipid synthesis by artificial membranes or drugs impairs barrier recovery by preventing the reformation of lamellar bodies and the continued secretion of lipid. Whether the stimulation of lipid synthesis is primarily regulated by disturbances in barrier function or secondarily by decreases in the lipid content of the cells due to the utilization of lipid for the formation of lamellar bodies is unknown. Additionally, the precise mechanisms by which lipid synthesis is increased (enzyme activation, transcriptional regulation, etc.) remain to be elucidated. The secretion of lipid-containing lamellar bodies results in the reaccumulation of lipid in the intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum and the recovery of normal barrier function. Epidermal lipid synthesis also is probably required to provide lipid for new cell membrane formation to allow for the increase in epidermal cell proliferation, which is stimulated following barrier disruption. Additionally, epidermal lipid synthesis may provide regulatory molecules or crucial substrates that are required for DNA synthesis. Thus, epidermal lipid synthesis plays a key role in the major biological functions of the epidermis, the cutaneous permeability barrier, and cell proliferation.
Limiting laws and counterion condensation in polyelectrolyte solutions: IV. The approach to the limit and the extraordinary stability of the charge fraction

The limiting laws for polyelectrolyte solutions developed in previous papers of this series have been amply confirmed by measurement. A surprising result of the accumulated data is that the limiting polyelectrolyte charge fraction (fraction of fixed charges uncompensated by condensed counterions in the limit of zero concentration), persists up to concentrations of 0.1 M or even higher. Here the theory is extended in a simple manner to finite concentrations, and the stability of the charge fraction is found to be firmly based on consequences of the long-range polyelectrolyte field. The associated counterions are assumed to translate freely in a region centered on the contour axis of the polyion. The numerical value of the free volume is determined self-consistently from the axial charge density of the polyelectrolyte and is used as the general framework within which specific binding effects are treated.
Materials in the Eastern European Countries

Research, development and the industrial evolution of materials in Eastern Europe run parallel to a large extent to the USSR industrial and S&T policies which unfortunately have been plagued with bureaucratic shortcomings, low productivity and the absence of competitive products. Only in a few exceptional cases, however, such as the production of contact lenses in Czechoslovakia, Eastern Europe is in the lead.
Interrelationships between the key elements of the vitamin D endocrine system: 25-OH-D3-1-hydroxylase, serum calcium and phosphorus levels, intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3, and intestinal calcium binding protein.

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is exquisitely regulated by the three hormones, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). The most notable advance in our understanding of the mechanism of action of vitamin D has been the elucidation of the complex metabolic pathway which has evolved to produce the biologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Coupled with these developments concerning our understanding of the metabolic pathway of conversion of vitamin D into its active form, has been the realization that the mechanism of action of the fat soluble vitamin D is in reality similar to that of many of the classical steroid hormones, e.g. aldosterone, testosterone, estrogen, hydrocortisone, and ecdysterone. It should be noted that chemically vitamin D is in reality a steroid, in particular a seco steroid. Seco steroids are those in which one of the rings has undergone fission; in the instance of calciferol, this is ring B.
Minimalism and functionality: Structural lessons from the heterodimeric N4 bacteriophage RNA polymerase II

Genomes of phages, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are transcribed by a diverse group of transcriptional machineries with structurally related single-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs). Our understanding of transcription mechanisms of these enzymes is predominantly based on biochemical and structural studies of three most-studied members, transcription factor-independent phage T7 RNAP, transcription factor-dependent phage N4 virion-encapsidated RNAP, and transcription factor-dependent mitochondrial RNAPs (mtRNAP). Although these RNAPs employ completely different mechanisms for promoter recognition and transcription termination, these enzymes are relatively large and formed by single polypeptides. Historically being a model enzyme for studying the mechanisms of transcription by T7-like RNAPs, however, T7 RNAP represents only a small group of RNAPs in this family. The vast majority of T7-like RNAPs are transcription factor-dependent, and several of them are heterodimeric enzymes. Here, we report X-ray crystal structures of transcription complexes of the smallest and heterodimeric form of T7-like RNAP, bacteriophage N4 RNAPII, providing insights into the structural organization of a minimum RNAP in this family. We analyze structural and functional aspects of heterodimeric architecture of N4 RNAPII concerning the mechanisms of transcription initiation and transition to processive RNA elongation. Interestingly, N4 RNAPII maintains the same conformation in promoter-bound and elongation transcription complexes, revealing a novel transcription mechanism for single-subunit RNAPs. This work establishes a structural basis for studying mechanistic aspects of transcription by factor-dependent minimum RNAP.
Tuning a knowledge base of refinement rules to create good circuit designs

The efficiency and optimality of a divide-and-conquer approach to design depends upon the associated hierarchy of implementation goals having sibling subgoals that interact only weakly or not at all. Unfortunately, in many domains the only easily acquirable design refinement knowledge leads to the formation of goal hierarchies that violate this assumption. In this paper, we describe a learning method that incrementally transforms a search-based design system that spends much of its time recovering from the implicit (and mistaken) assumption that subproblems do not interact, into a compiler-like system that decomposes the original design problem into truly noninteracting subproblems. The improved system finds locally optimal solutions to its subproblems, which are composed into globally optimal solutions. By analyzing dependencies, the learning method re-parses a poor design decomposition into one with no subproblem interactions; it then generalises from the resulting decomposition, adding new refinement rules to the knowledge base. We have implemented a design system called CPS that solves design problems of implementing boolean expressions as gate-level circuits. We have also implemented a learning program called SCALE that incrementally transforms CPS into an optimizing compiler.
Response of ‘Russet Burbank’ Seed Tubers Containing Dicamba and Glyphosate

Increased use of dicamba and/or glyphosate in dicamba/glyphosate-tolerant soybean might affect many sensitive crops, including potato. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and yield of ‘Russet Burbank’ potato grown from seed tubers (generation 2) from mother plants (generation 1) treated with dicamba (4, 20, and 99 g ae ha−1), glyphosate (8, 40, and 197 g ae ha−1), or a combination of dicamba and glyphosate during tuber initiation. Generation 2 tubers were planted near Oakes and Inkster, ND, in 2016 and 2017, at the same research farm where the generation 1 tubers were grown the previous year. Treatment with 99 g ha−1 dicamba, 197 g ha−1 glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1 dicamba + 197 g ha−1 glyphosate caused emergence of generation 2 plants to be reduced by up to 84%, 86%, and 87%, respectively, at 5 wk after planting. Total tuber yield of generation 2 was reduced up to 67%, 55%, and 68% when 99 g ha−1 dicamba, 197 g ha−1 glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1 dicamba + 197 g ha−1 glyphosate was applied to generation 1 plants, respectively. At each site year, 197 g ha−1 glyphosate reduced total yield and marketable yield, while 99 g ha−1 dicamba reduced total yield and marketable yield in some site-years. This study confirms that exposure to glyphosate and dicamba of potato grown for potato seed tubers can negatively affect the growth and yield potential of the subsequently grown daughter generation.
Cyber Security Management

Cyber security management integrates different processes to achieve the overall goal of corporate systems’ and assets’ protection, Fig. 10.1 (SANS, Dexter 2002).
Mobility of dislocations in Aluminum: Faceting and asymmetry during nanoscale dislocation shear loop expansion

Abstract Dislocation loop expansion in Al is studied with a hierarchical multiscale approach via atomistic and discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations. First, mobility laws for straight screw, 30°, 60°, and edge dislocations are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Each atomistic mobility law is described by an empirical piecewise function with a character angle dependent power law exponent to capture the nonlinear damping regime. For the dislocation velocity range considered in this work, the mobilities of screw and 60° dislocations are lower than edge and 30° dislocations. The mobilities of mixed dislocations, such as 30° and 60°, are found to depend on the character of the leading Shockley partial. Second, MD simulations of dislocation loop expansion under a constant external Schmid stress are performed. The expanded dislocation loop is found to facet in the 60° and screw segments due to low mobilities. The dislocation loop is also found to have reflection asymmetry about the edge axis due to mixed dislocation mobility asymmetry. Finally, the nonlinear atomistic mobility laws are implemented into DDD simulations to illustrate that atomistic mobility laws for straight dislocations can describe faceting and asymmetric behaviors observed during dislocation loop expansion in higher length scale simulations.
Thermal, Mass, and Power Interactions for Lunar Base Life Support and Power Systems

A model has been developed for quantitative examination of the integrated operation of the lunar base power system, employing regenerative fuel cell technology, which would lead to incorporation into a lunar base life support system. The model employs methods developed for technology and system trade studies of the Life Support System configuration for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This paper describes the power system and its influence on life support while comparing various technologies, including pressurized gas storage and cryogenic storage, and different operation conditions. Based on preliminary assumptions, the mass, power, and thermal requirement estimates are made at the level of major components. The relative mass contribution and energy requirements of the components in various configurations are presented. The described intractions between power and life support include direct influence, such as water and oxygen storage, and indirect influence, through reliability and maintenance considerations.
Competitive Readiness: Developmental Considerations to Promote Positive Youth Development in Competitive Activities

Competitive experiences have the potential to empower youth. Understanding the conditions under which young people can grow through competition is necessary to identify how competitive experiences can optimally support youth as engaged participants and people. This paper serves as a novel integration of previous research aimed toward practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to provide adult (and youth) leaders with empirically-based, practically meaningful guidance to integrate practices that support competitive readiness for youth development. To clarify the youth competitive readiness debate, this paper adopts a process-oriented, developmental perspective. We first define and provide background on youth development. Second, we put forth guiding postulates and their application to practice for organized competitive experiences for positive youth development promotion. We argue that youth are “ready” to compete not just when they can survive competitive experiences, but thrive through them. Interactions between individual, contextual, and developmental factors over time influence fluctuations in a young person’s state of competitive readiness. In this way, competitive readiness is an ongoing process that encompasses the individual needs of the child in relation to the environment.
Computed Tomography Imaging Characteristics of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Introduction Several studies have suggested that non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement might have different imaging features compared with those without the rearrangement. The goal of this work was to systematically investigate the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Materials and Methods We searched published studies that investigated CT imaging features of ALK-rearranged NSCLC compared with ALK-negative, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant and ALK/EGFR-negative, NSCLC. We extracted clinicopathologic characteristics and CT imaging features of patients in the included studies. Features were compared and tested in the form of odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences at a 95% confidence interval. Results Twelve studies with 2210 patients with NSCLC were included. Compared with ALK-negative NSCLC, ALK-rearranged NSCLC was more likely to be solid (OR, 2.37; P Conclusion ALK-rearranged NSCLC has imaging features that are different compared with EGFR-mutant and ALK/EGFR-negative NSCLC. These imaging features might provide clues as to the presence of ALK rearrangement and help in the selection of patients who might benefit from expedited molecular testing or repeat testing after a negative assay.
Inactivation of CFTR by CRISPR/Cas9 alters transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathways and other networks

Abstract Background Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience elevated inflammation in multiple organs, but whether this reflects an inherent feature of CF cells or is a consequence of a pro-inflammatory environment is not clear. Method Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of CFTR, 17 subclonal cell lines were generated from Caco-2 cells. Clonal lines with functional CFTR (CFTR+) were compared to those without (CFTR−) to directly address the role of CFTR in inflammatory gene regulation. Results All lines maintained CFTR mRNA production and formation of tight junctions. CFTR+ lines displayed short circuit currents in response to forskolin, while the CFTR− lines did not. Baseline expression of cytokines IL6 and CXCL8 (IL8) was not different between the lines regardless of CFTR genotype. All lines responded to TNFα and IL1β by increasing IL6 and CXCL8 mRNA levels, but the CFTR− lines produced more CXCL8 mRNA than the CFTR+ lines. Transcriptomes of 6 CFTR− and 6 CFTR+ lines, before and after stimulation by TNFα, were compared for differential expression as a function of CFTR genotype. While some genes appeared to be differentially expressed simply because of CFTR's absence, others required stimulation for differences to be apparent. Conclusion Together, these data suggest cells respond to CFTR's absence by modulating transcriptional networks, some of which are only apparent when cells are exposed to different environmental contexts, such as inflammation. With regards to inflammation, these data suggest a model in which CFTR's absence leads to a poised, pro-inflammatory state of cells that is only revealed by stimulation.
The Promise of next generation sequencing micro RNA for the discovery of new targets in contrast induced acute kidney injury.

Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is defined by KDIGO as an increase in serum creatinine by 1.5 times within 7 days of exposure to contrast, a serum creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL or a urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg of body weight for at least 6 h following iodinated contrast exposure (1). Patients with pre-existing renal disease are at greatest risk for developing CI-AKI. Its pathogenesis is thought to be multifactorial. Contrast initially causes nitric oxide mediated vasodilation of renal vasculature. This is followed by intrarenal vasoconstriction that persists for several hours causing ischemia, particularly in the outer medulla where the oxygen tension is lower than that of many tissues (2). As it is water soluble, contrast is freely filtered by the glomerulus with little alteration of podocyte or filtration barrier function. However, it is taken up by proximal tubular cells and results in cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. The contrast also permeates into the tubulointerstitial space leading to the loss of cellular architecture. Tubular epithelial cells slough off into the tubular space, thus reducing the clearance of contrast and promoting its deleterious effects. The cellular damage also results in the formation of reactive oxygen species which perpetuate cellular injury. Since the glomerulus is relatively unaffected, the reduction in glomerular filtration and rise in serum creatinine associated with CI-AKI is mediated by tubuloglomerular feedback and occurs well after the renal parenchyma has been injured (3). However, the exact mechanism of CI-AKI remains unclear and no definitive therapy has been established.
Cr(VI)Adsorption on Engineered Iron Oxide Nanoparticles:Exploring Complexation Processes and Water Chemistry

Surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are promising adsorbents due to their large surface areas and ease of separation after contaminant removal. In this work, the affinity of Cr(VI) adsorption to 8 nm surface-functionalized superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles was determined for surface coatings with amine (trimethyloctadecylammonium bromide, CTAB) and carboxyl (stearic acid, SA) functional groups. Cr(VI) adsorbed more strongly to the CTAB-coated nanoparticles than to the SA-coated materials due to electrostatic interactions between positively charged CTAB and anionic Cr(VI) species. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by CTAB- and SA-coated nanoparticles increased with decreasing pH (4.5-10), which could be simulated by a surface complexation model. Cr(VI) removal performance by the nanocomposite was evaluated for two realistic drinking water compositions. The co-occurrence of divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and Cr(VI) resulted in decreased Cr(VI) adsorption as particles were destabilized, leading to the aggregation and lower effective surface area, confirming the importance of the overall water composition on the performance of novel engineered nanomaterials for water treatment applications.
Activation of Ovarian Cortex

We will summarize methods applied in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and profound diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) to activate primordial follicle growth. All of these procedures are considered experimental, while more data from various centers are still pending. Some techniques require removing the ovary for a postponed autotransplantation, and some others are based on platelet-rich plasma injections or stem cell-based approaches.
Effect of postoperative steroids on clinical outcomes and radiographic findings of horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation: A retrospective study.

Background The purpose of the study was to investigate if the prescription of oral postoperative steroids has an effect on clinical outcomes of horizontal ridge augmentation including implant placement and characteristics of the grafted bone. Methods A retrospective chart review of 73 horizontal ridge augmentation cases was completed to assess the clinical outcomes, 53 of those cases were further assessed radiographically. Information was gathered regarding surgical technique, grafting materials, postoperative healing, medications used postoperatively, bone growth, and density changes as quantified on a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. Statistical analysis was completed to identify whether the use of postoperative oral steroids altered outcomes. Results Steroids were used postoperatively following various horizontal ridge augmentation procedures. The use of tenting screws and resorbable membranes with a combination of osseous allograft and xenograft was used in 73 cases, 53 of which had preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans. Graft exposure occurred in five of the cases (9%), with the majority (n = 4) among those with postoperative steroids, but this was not statistically significant (P-value = 0.6510). Use of steroids was also not significantly associated with the number of courses of antibiotics (P-value > 0.05), but it was significantly associated with increased number of postoperative visits (P-value 0.05). Conclusion The prescription of postoperative steroids did not make a significant difference in clinical outcomes, success of implant placement or on radiographic assessment of grafted sites following horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation.
Disability, food insecurity by nativity, citizenship, and duration.

Abstract Prior research examines the prevalence of either disability or food insecurity among immigrants. We examine whether the presence of a disability operates as a stronger predictor of food insecurity among prime-aged immigrants relative to the US-born. Probit models estimate the relationship of disability with food insecurity among immigrants and distinguish by duration of US residence and citizenship status using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2014. Descriptively, food insecurity was highest among non-citizen immigrants with longer durations of US residence, compared to non-citizen immigrants with shorter durations and naturalized immigrants. Multivariate results suggest that among Hispanics, the association between disability and food insecurity was stronger among immigrants compared to US-born adults; the disability-food insecurity association varied by an immigrant's duration of US residence and citizenship status. The results emphasize the importance of disaggregating by citizenship status and duration of US residence.
Application of the Spreading Resistance Technique to Silicon Characterization for Process and Device Modeling

In recent years, the interest in modeling of semiconductor processes and silicon device parameters has intensified considerably. Precise knowledge of the doping distribution in the semiconductor emerged as a key requirement for input and starting condition of many of these models and for their verification. It turned out that the spreading resistance technique, after careful probe calibration and multilayer data analysis, is able to supply some of the required data better than any other characterization technique available. This paper discusses these successful applications. On the other hand, this paper points out inherent limitations of the spreading resistance technique with regard to resolution and precision, and how this affects the verification of process and device models. Finally, the paper describes ways to supplement the spreading resistance technique by other material characterization or electrical techniques so that the combination of these methods is capable of generating the required experimental data for the analytical models.
Young Talent Motivations to Pursue Craft Careers in Construction: The Theory of Planned Behavior

AbstractPast studies indicate that the US construction industry is facing challenges to attract young talent to pursue craft careers. The main goal of this research is to understand the underlying ...