cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Information Geometry Approach for Distance Metric Learning

In this paper, we propose a framework for metric learning based on information geometry. The key idea is to construct two kernel matrices for the given training data: one is based on the distance metric and the other is based on the assigned class labels. Inspired by the idea of information geometry, we relate these two kernel matrices to two Gaussian distributions, and the difference between the two kernel matrices is then computed by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the two Gaussian distributions. The optimal distance metric is then found by minimizing the divergence between the two distributions. We present two metric learning algorithms, one for linear distance metric and one for nonlinear distance using a kernel function. Unlike many existing algorithms for metric learning that require solving a nontrivial optimization problem and are computationally expensive when the data dimension is high, the proposed algorithms have a closed-form solution and are computationally more efficient. Extensive experiments with data classification and face recognition show that the proposed algorithms are comparable to or better than the state-of-the-art algorithms for metric learning.
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST LH-RH IN THE MALE

This chapter discusses active immunization against luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LH–RH) in the male. The hypothalamus of the male, like that of the female, regulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by releasing LH–RH into the pituitary portal vessels. Binding of LH–RH to the pituitary gonadotrophs, results in the synthesis and secretion of both gonadotropins that in turn ensures the normal endocrine and exocrine functions of the testes. Interference with normal hypothalamic function and/or disruption of the communication between the hypothalamus and pituitary can result in gonadotrophin deficiency and testicular atrophy. Although chemical, hormonal, and surgical methods have been pursued to inhibit reproductive function in the male, an immunological approach would appear to offer the safest, simplest, and most specific means to inhibit sex steroid secretion and spermatogenesis. The chapter also discusses some of the methods and research objectives associated with active immunization against LH–RH. It also compares the responses of males of different species to LH–RH immunization, and discusses some of the practical applications afforded by LH–RH immunoneutralization in the control of male reproductive function.
Spatial Coherences of Seismic Data and the Application to Characterization of Stochastic Heterogeneities

After passing through the interior of the Earth, seismic waves carry information about medium heterogeneities to the surface. The data observed on the surface, such as the travel time and amplitude fluctuations, reflected waves, etc., can be back-mapped to the subsurface by inversion methods to obtain characteristic descriptions of the mediums heterogeneities. With good data coverage, seismic tomography, which is a deterministic method, can in principal invert the observed wavefield on the surface to obtain the 3-D velocity distribution of the subsurface medium. However, when the medium has multiple-scale, complex heterogeneities, deterministic methods often fail to give a complete characterization of the heterogeneities. Commonly, broadband heterogeneities are dealt with by smoothing both the observed wavefield and the heterogeneity model of inversion. In this way the information of small-scale heterogeneities is lost in the process and therefore the obtained image can only recover the slowly varying, large-scale heterogeneities.
The Relationship Between the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes and Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease: An Epidemiological Perspective

This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic evidence linking the continuum of elevated adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). The mechanisms relating this continuum to LOAD may be vascular and non-vascular. Elevated adiposity in middle age is related to a higher risk of LOAD but the data on this association in old age are conflicting. Several studies have shown that hyperinsulinemia, a consequence of higher adiposity and insulin resistance, is also related to a higher risk of LOAD. Studies have consistently shown a relationship between T2D and higher LOAD risk. A large proportion of the world population may be at increased risk of LOAD, given the trends for increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and T2D. However, these associations may present a unique opportunity for prevention and treatment of LOAD. Several studies in the prevention and treatment of T2D are currently conducting or have planned cognition ancillary studies. In addition, clinical trials using insulin sensitizers in the treatment or prevention of LOAD are under way.
The Development of the Sephardic Jewish Sugar Trade Network

By 1650, Brazil was the largest producer of sugar in the Atlantic and Caribbean region and an offspring of the plantation-slave system of sugar production introduced by the Portuguese on Madeira and Sao Tome. The Brazilian sugar production system developed swiftly during the early seventeenth century when Amsterdam became the main center of sugar refining and distribution for the European market. From 1630 to 1654, Northeast Brazil came under Dutch colonial rule during which the Sephardic merchant community gained a most prominent position in the sugar trade establishing a foothold in the Caribbean region when sugar production expanded to include French and English colonies. Dutch rule ended in 1654, at which time Sephardic merchants migrated to nearby emerging Caribbean sugar colonies or returned to Amsterdam.
Role of Host Density in the Ecology of Lyme Disease

To explore the effects the abundance of deer and mice, the main hosts of the vector of Lyme disease in the Northeastern part of the USA, on that of deer ticks, we implemented a model representing the life cycle of these vector ticks using realistic parameter estimates taken from 2 field sites in coastal Massachusetts. The main inputs of the model were monthly scanning capacities and host abundance. The equation for scanning capacity has 4 components: tick density on hosts in a particular month, duration of activity that month, duration of tick attachment and density of questing ticks.
Disparities in Access to Revascularization: Evidence from New York.

Abstract Purpose: To quantify and compare citywide disparities in the performance of coronary revascularization procedures in New York residents diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD) by the c...
Some factors that restore goal-direction to a habitual behavior

Recent findings from our laboratory suggest that an extensively-practiced instrumental behavior can appear to be a goal-directed action (rather than a habit) when a second behavior is added and reinforced during intermixed final sessions (Shipman et al., 2018). The present experiments were designed to explore and understand this finding. All used the taste aversion method of devaluing the reinforcer to distinguish between goal-directed actions and habits. Experiment 1 confirmed that reinforcing a second response in a separate context (but not mere exposure to that context) can return an extensively-trained habit to the status of goal-directed action. Experiment 2 showed that training of the second response needs to be intermixed with training of the first response to produce this effect; training the second response after the first-response training was complete preserved the first response as a habit. Experiment 3 demonstrated that reinforcing the second response with a different reinforcer breaks the habit status of the first response. Experiment 4 found that free reinforcers (that were not response-contingent) were sufficient to restore goal-directed performance. Together, the results suggest that unexpected reinforcer delivery can render a habitual response goal-directed again.
Adiposity and Leukocyte Telomere Length in US Adults by Sex-Specific Race/Ethnicity: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective: Little is known about the rela­tionship between adiposity and telomere length in the United States population. The objective of our research was to examine this relationship in a representative, socio­economically and sex-specific, diverse ra­cial/ethnic population in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Body mass index (BMI), % total body fat (TBF) and waist circumference (WC) with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) were examined according to sex-specific race/ethnicity using separate adjusted mul­tivariate linear regressions on a sample of 4,919 respondents aged 20-84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examina­tion Survey’s 1999-2002 data. Results: LTL was shortened .41%, .44%, and .16% in African American (AA) women and was associated with increasing BMI, %TBF, and WC, (β:-.0041, 95%CI: -.0070, -.0012; P=.007; β:-.0044, 95% CI: -.0081, -.0007; P=.02; β:-.0016, 95%CI: -.0031, -.0001; P=.04, respectively). LTL was shortened .29% in White women and was associated with increasing %TBF (β:-.0029, 95%CI: -.0048, -.0009; P=.006). There were no associations among AA men, White men or Mexican American men and women. Conclusions: LTL is associated with an obesity phenotype in AA women. Tailored intervention is needed to ameliorate the burden of excess adiposity and subsequent cellular aging. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):441-450; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.441
Varying the secondary coordination sphere: synthesis of cobalt and iron complexes of a tripodal ligand featuring two hydrogen-bond donors or acceptors

In order to further understand the role of the secondary coordination sphere in biomimetic systems, a series of cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes bearing the non-heme bis(5-cyclohexyliminopyrrol-2-...
Small ruminant ophthalmology

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye) is a common problem in sheep and goats. Several etiologies as well as diagnostic techniques, treatment, and control are considered. Entropion is an important differential diagnosis, especially in young animals with eye irritation, and several inexpensive treatment methods are described. Additionally, causes of exophthalmosis, important causes of central blindness, and field enucleation are presented.
Phase I study of the aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib in combination with osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

9074Background: The 3rd generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib is effective for the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutant (mt) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, tumor resistance...
Perceptions of Faith Leaders on the Inclusion and Participation of Individuals with Disabilities in Their Communities

Social inclusion of individuals with disabilities across all areas of life has been a goal for decades. This includes the inclusion and participation in faith communities for those individuals who ...
Exploring Generative Reflection by Agency of Visual Practice: An Autoethnographic Study on Reflection by Noticing and Making

This study explores generative dimensions of reflection, shifting the focus of inquiry from tracking data to generating insights by visual practice. Two authors conducted autoethnographic research through visual exercises and analyzed structural elements and outcomes of the practice. Five generative reflection stages were developed by thematic analysis of written reflection notes: 1) notice and focus, 2) translate and frame, 3) make with materials, 4) interpret, and 5) continue and connect. Themes and styles of resulting images were interpreted through compositional analysis. Based on the study findings, we discuss some types of agency found by visual practice in generating visual insights: 1) making the invisible visible, 2) de/re-constructing with visual elements, 3) filling with compositional integrity, and 4) re-styling and re-mixing. We conclude with implications of visual inquiry as a means of noticing and investigating agency in design research and creative practice for reflection.
Virus-Mimicking Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Delivery of mRNA

Effective endosomal escape after cellular uptake represents a major challenge in the field of nanodelivery, as the majority of drug payloads must localize to subcellular compartments other than the endosomes in order to exert activity. In nature, viruses can readily deliver their genetic material to the cytosol of host cells by triggering membrane fusion after endocytosis. For the influenza A virus, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein found on its surface fuses the viral envelope with surrounding membrane at endosomal pH values. Here, biomimetic nanoparticles capable of endosomal escape were fabricated using a membrane coating derived from cells engineered to express HA on their surface. When evaluated in vitro, these virus-mimicking nanoparticles were able to deliver an mRNA payload to the cytosolic compartment of target cells, resulting in the successful expression of the encoded protein. When the mRNA-loaded nanoparticles were administered in vivo, protein expression levels were significantly increased in both local and systemic delivery scenarios. We therefore conclude that utilizing genetic engineering approaches to express viral fusion proteins on the surface of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles is a viable strategy for modulating the intracellular localization of encapsulated cargoes.
Marietta the White Goat and the Motel

It might be nice to be in love. It irnght be fine to die. When I left my last home I added, but it's sure good to be gone. I drove straight south, or almost straight south; I was leaving for good again. A fever of the first day of driving kept me going after I had started to fall asleep, that and a big bag of weed under the dashboard that there was no reason to close, driving with just one hand on the right side of the wheel so that when I fell asleep my hand would pull the wheel to the right, and going onto the gravel shoulder would wake me up so I could steer back to the road. After Cl? Elum I fell asleep with my eyes open, watching the taillights on the truck ahead of me move apart as my eyes lost their focus, and it was late. Before I came to the next town I drove onto a side road and parked by some willows. I let Marietta the white goat out of the back seat and tied her to the bumper so she could sleep outside. Before we left I'd taken out the back seat so she'd have more room and so she could reach the bale of hay in the trunk. There was an old blanket on the floor so I could shake the shit out every day. She'd fin ally gotten to like driving but she still liked to sleep outside. I preferred the front seat, with the windows open. Man can go anywhere ifn he's got his goat with him. I woke up a couple hours later, dawn, to a loud ma-a-a-a coming through the window. As usual. Waited for Marietta to relieve herself, milked her, put her in the back seat and started driving again. Idaho and Utah were boring; by then I was used to people passing and staring, laughing or snarling, or all three, one after the other, Shitkickin' farmers. Once in a while a real smile. Big deal. ?What happened to people and towns, old goat? It's all stupid grinning tour ists in campers and sniveling grinning gas pumps for them. It's all motels, Mari etta old goat, all motels motels motels. ?MA-A-A-A
Size of Clinical Trials

The number of subjects required for a clinical trial is obtained from a mechanical application of a formula. Scientific, strategic, operational, and ethical deliberations exert a push and pull on the appropriate number of subjects needed for a trial. This article focuses on the determination of subjects under various values of presumed efficacy and variance and the points to be considered for planning size of trial. Keywords: clinical trials; sample sizes; imputation method; blinded trials
A 0.65 mW/Gbps 30 Gbps capacitive coupled 10 mm serial link in 2.5D silicon interposer

A multi-capacitor coupled signaling structure is employed to enable low-power high frequency communications in 10 mm long interposer traces. On-chip Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor was used to implement the Multi capacitor structure. A continuous time feed forward tunable capacitive equalization was used to compensate for the frequency dependent losses. The multi-capacitor structure is used to implement a low power equalizer. 10 mm long, 10 µm pitch and 1 µm thick differential interposer traces were used in a two metal layer stack as the channel. A pulse receiver is presented which can recover 30 Gbps/channel with BER better than 10−13. Using this low power design in 65 nm CMOS technology, 0.65 mW/Gbps power efficiency and 3 Gbps/µm bandwidth density were achieved.
Harmonic Hardy Spaces

In Chapter 1 we defined the Poisson integral of a function f ∈ C(S) to be the function P[f] defined on B by $$P\left[ f \right](x) = \int_S {P\left( {x,\zeta } \right)f} \left( \zeta \right)d\sigma \left( \zeta \right)$$ (6.1) .
Phylogeography of Rhinichthys cataractae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): pre‐glacial colonization across the Continental Divide and Pleistocene diversification within the Rio Grande drainage

The longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae, is a primary freshwater fish inhabiting riffle habitats in small headwater rivers and streams across the North American continent, including drainages east and west of the Continental Divide. The mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) and 2298–2346 bp of the nuclear-encoded genes S7 and RAG1 were obtained from 87 individuals of R. cataractae (collected from 17 sites throughout its range) and from several close relatives. Phylogenetic analyses recovered a monophyletic R. cataractae species-group that contained Rhinichthys evermanni, Rhinichthys sp. ‘Millicoma dace’, and a non-exclusive R. cataractae. Within the R. cataractae species-group, two well-supported lineages were identified, including a western lineage (containing R. evermanni, R. sp. ‘Millicoma dace’ and individuals of R. cataractae from Pacific slope drainages) and an eastern lineage (containing individuals of R. cataractae from Arctic, Atlantic, and Gulf slope drainages). Within the eastern lineage of R. cataractae, two well-supported groups were recovered: a south-eastern group, containing individuals from the Atlantic slope, southern tributaries to the Mississippi River, and the Rio Grande drainage; and a north-eastern group, containing individuals from the Arctic slope and northern tributaries to the Mississippi River. Estimates of the timing of divergence within the R. cataractae species-group, combined with ancestral area-reconstruction methods, indicate a separation between the eastern and western lineages during the Pliocene to early-Pleistocene, with a direction of colonization from the west of the Continental Divide eastward. Within the southern portion of its range, R. cataractae likely entered the Rio Grande drainage during the Pleistocene via stream capture events between the Arkansas River (Mississippi River drainage) and headwaters of the Rio Grande. A close relationship between populations of R. cataractae in the Rio Grande drainage and the adjacent Canadian River (Mississippi River drainage) is consistent with hypothesized stream capture events between the Pecos (Rio Grande drainage) and Canadian rivers during the late-Pleistocene. The population of R. cataractae in the lower Rio Grande may have become separated from other populations in the Rio Grande drainage (upper Rio Grande and Pecos River) and Canadian River during the late-Pleistocene, well before initiation of recent and significant anthropogenic disturbance within the Rio Grande drainage. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 317–333.
Molecular identification of ADP-ribosylation factor mRNAs and their expression in mammalian cells.

Abstract ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that serve as GTP-dependent allosteric activators of cholera toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Four species of mammalian ARF, termed ARF 1-4, have been identified by cloning. Hybridization of a bovine ARF 2 cDNA under low stringency with mammalian poly(A)+ RNA resulted in multiple bands that were subsequently assigned to the known ARF genes using ARF-specific oligonucleotide probes. The relative signal intensities of some bands (e.g. the 3.8- and 1.3-kilobase (kb) mRNAs) that hybridized with the cDNA were not, however, consistent with the intensities observed with the individual ARF-specific oligonucleotide probes. These inconsistencies suggested that other ARF-like mRNAs were comigrating with known ARF mRNAs. To explore this possibility, a cyclic AMP-differentiated HL-60 Lambda ZAP library was screened using the bovine ARF 2 cDNA. Clones corresponding to known ARF genes (1, 3, and 4) were identified by hybridization of positive clones with oligonucleotide probes specific for each ARF species; ARF 2 cDNA-positive, oligonucleotide-negative clones were sequenced. Two new ARF-like genes, ARF 5 and 6, encoding proteins of 180 and 175 amino acids, respectively, were identified. Both proteins contain consensus sequences believed to be involved in guanine nucleotide binding and GTP hydrolysis. ARF 5 was most similar in deduced amino acid sequence to ARF 4, which also has 180 amino acids. ARF 6, whose deduced amino acid sequence is identical with that of a putative chicken pseudogene (CPS1) except for a serine/threonine substitution, was different from other ARF species in size and deduced amino acid sequence. With mammalian poly(A)+ RNA from a variety of tissues and cultured cells, ARF 5 preferentially hybridized with a 1.3-kb mRNA, whereas ARF 6 hybridized with 1.8- and 4.2-kb mRNAs. The fact that the sizes of these mRNAs are similar to those of other ARFs (ARF 1, 1.9 kb; ARF 2, 2.6 kb; ARF 3, approximately 3.8 and 1.3 kb; ARF 4, 1.8 kb) explain the previously observed inconsistencies between the cDNA and ARF-specific oligonucleotide hybridization patterns. All six ARF cDNAs are more similar to each other than to other approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.
The Children's Attributional Style Interview: developmental tests of cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression.

This paper presents an initial assessment of the Children's Attributional Style Interview (CASI), a newly designed measure for assessing attributional style in young children (age 5 and up). The CASI was used to conduct prospective tests of the reformulated helplessness (L. Y. Abramson, M. Seligman, & J. Teasdale, 1978) and the integrated hopelessness/self-esteem (G. I. Metalsky, T. E. Joiner, Jr., T. S. Hardin, & L. Y. Abramson, 1993) theories of depression in a sample of 147 5–10-year-old children. For comparison, the same tests were also conducted with the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R; N. J. Kaslow & S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), a commonly used measure for assessing attributional style in older children (age 8 and up). The CASI evidenced support of the reformulated helplessness theory and partial support of the integrated hopelessness/self-esteem theory. The CASI also demonstrated good internal consistency. Thus, our findings provide initial support for the CASI as a methodologically sound measure of attributional style for children as young as 5 years old. Although preliminary, our findings also suggest possible developmental differences in how attributional style interacts with self-esteem and negative life stress. The CASI should prove to be a useful tool in furthering the understanding of the origins and development of attributional style in childhood, as well as its contribution to the understanding of the development and prevention of depressive symptomatology in children.
High temperature environmental effects on metals

Propulsion and power generation systems require components that will function for extended periods of time under high temperatures and stresses in hostile environments. These components are designed primarily on the basis of mechanical properties such as strength, fatigue life and creep resistance [1]. With this type of design approach, for systems where the operating parameters of temperature, stress, etc., are well characterized, component life is often found to be controlled by environmental attack. The factors involved in environmental attack are not readily included in component design criteria because they are not sufficiently well defined or understood. This situation has made it difficult and risky to predict long time service behavior on the basis of results obtained in accelerated, well controlled laboratory tests. Furthermore, little reliable and systematic data are available on service failures and operational histories of components so there is no good base for making life prediction correlations.
Conversion of Amines to Phospho Esters: Decyl Diethyl Phosphate

Conversion of amines to phospho esters: decyl diethyl phosphate reactant: 10.0 mL (0.05 mol) of decylamine solvent: 35 mL (0.25 mol) of triethylamine reactant: 7.4 mL (0.05 mol) of diethyl chlorophosphate product: Decyl diethyl phosphate. intermediate: 14 g (0.048 mol) of diethyl decylphosphoramidate byproduct: decyl isoamyl ether Keywords: elimination, miscellaneous; nitrosation; phosphonation; rearrangements; replacement reactions, miscellaneous; dichloromethane (methylene chloride); triethylamine; diethyl chlorophosphate, highly toxic
Kinetic-inductance based superconducting microwave circuits: filters, couplers, and other components

It is pointed out that superconducting microstrip transmission lines operating in the kinetic-inductance limit have the potential to reduce the size and weight of microwave circuits by several orders of magnitude. Since the phase velocity of these guided wave structures is up to a hundred times less than in free space, the electrical length of distributed elements is similarly reduced. Simple transmission lines have been fabricated from both low- and high-transition-temperature superconductors while more complicated circuits, such as filters, with a good match to 50- Omega coax have been fabricated with the low-transition-temperature superconductors. Also, a novel coupled-line topology, compatible with these structures, has been studied analytically. >
Sexual risk following a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis: the more things change the more they stay the same.

The purpose of this study is to assess changes in sexual risk behaviors, attitudes toward using condoms, and perceived susceptibility to future STDs for adolescent females who recently were diagnosed with an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. Adolescent females (N=308) were assessed at two time points, 6 months apart. Ninety-two participants were diagnosed with an STD, and 216 were not diagnosed with an STD in between the two time points. Results indicated that adolescents did not significantly change their behaviors, attitudes, or perceptions following the diagnosis of an incident STD compared to those who were not diagnosed with an incident STD. This suggests that an STD diagnosis alone is not sufficient to motivate adolescent females to reduce their sexual risk behavior and change their sexual risk attitudes and perceptions.
Integrating Optimal Truss Design Methodologies Into Mechanical Engineering Technology

The author has previously shown that single criterion optimization methodologies can be effectively integrated into lower-division mechanical engineering technology courses using single beam elements and a variety of load cases. In that paper, multiple methodologies of varying beam cross-section to minimize weight of the beam or to approach a constant stress state in the beam were described and their use investigated. This paper describes the application of these single criterion optimization methodologies to multiple-part assemblies, specifically engineering trusses. Although the optimization methodologies are similar, they are all far more complex in multiple-part assemblies than in single beam element optimization problem. The truss optimization theory, analysis, and testing that were utilized in the classroom and laboratory will be discussed in this paper. The correlation between optimization results from both spreadsheet solver and finite element analysis (FEA) solutions is presented. Also, the subsequent correlation between the analysis results and the experimental verification from photoelastic studies of prototype trusses is presented.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Prime decomposition theorem for arbitrary semigroups: general holonomy decomposition and synthesis theorem

Abstract We generalize the holonomy form of the Prime Decomposition Theorem of Krohn and Rhodes for finite semigroups to arbitrary infinite semigroups. This is accomplished by embedding S into an infinite Zeiger wreath product after applying the triple Schutzenberger product which makes S finite- J -above (Rhodes' theorem).
Developing Leaders Through the Lifespan: A Brain-Based Perspective:

The Fanning Leadership Center first became aware of the exciting research of Dr. Fritz Mengert when he presented the keynote address at a GACL Youth Leadership Conference at Clayton State in the fa...
Bias in self-perceptions and internalizing and externalizing problems in adjustment during early adolescence: a prospective investigation.

We investigated bias in self-perceptions of competence (relative to parent ratings) for family, school, and peer domains as predictors of adjustment problems among 139 young adolescents over a 1-year period using a prospective design. Regressions examined measures of bias at Time 1 (T1) as predictors of ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems at Time 2 (T2), controlling for T1 adjustment ratings. For the family domain, curvilinear trends were found. Follow-up analyses revealed that for this domain both negative bias (self-perceptions less favorable than parent ratings) and positive bias (self-perceptions more favorable than parent ratings) predicted greater internalizing and externalizing problems as rated by youth, parents, and teachers. For the peer domain, higher scores on the measure of bias predicted greater internalizing and externalizing problems as rated by teachers. These findings are consistent with the view that accuracy in self-perceptions of competence can have important implicati...
Unusual structurally characterized pyridine carbinoxide copper(II) coordination compounds, isolated from organic solvents

The coordination behavior of pyridine carbinoxide [NC5H4(CH2O)-2 or OPy] with copper in organic solvents was crystallographically determined. Initial attempts to generate the Cu(II) OPy derivatives from an alcoholysis exchange of Cu(OCH3)2, with H–OPy in toluene, led to the isolation of [Cu(µc-OPy)(OcPy)]2 (1, “c” indicates chelation). The square-based pyramidal geometries noted for each Cu center resulted from one OcPy and two µc-OPy ligands, generating an unusual Ci symmetry. From the reaction of H–OPy and the Cu(I) species Cu(C6H2(CH3)3-2,4,6), mononuclear Cu(II) complex Cu(OcPy)2(H–OPy)2 (2) was isolated. Compound 2 is unusual in that it adopts a square planar arrangement around the Cu metal center using two OcPy ligands; however, the metal center also coordinates with two H–OPy molecules forming an octahedral geometry. Upon dissolution in water, both 1 and 2 react to form the previously reported Cu(OcPy)2 · 2H2O (3). Attempts to add a Lewis base through dissolution of 1 in selected solvents (i.e., te...
The leadership deficit in Europe

(2005). The leadership deficit in Europe. The International Spectator: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 73-86.
The use of freshly explanted mouse epidermal cells for the in vitro induction and detection of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Abstract Epidermal cell suspensions of 90% average viability prepared from adult mouse tail skin by trypsinization and glass wool filtration were compared with leucocytes for their capacity to induce and reveal cell-mediated cytotoxicity to histocompatibility antigens in an H-2 different strain combination. As targets in short-term chromium release assays, epidermal cells incorporated ten times more 51 Cr than normal lymph node cells yet released a lower proportion spontaneously. Although they were more resistant to lysis than lymph node cells, they registered high levels of cytotoxicity when particularly active attacker cells were used, even at low attacker-to-target cell ratios. In mixed cell cultures, irradiated epidermal cells were as effective as spleen cells in boosting immunity induced in vivo by skin allografts. Epidermal cells also were effective primary immunogens in vitro , but at higher responder-to-stimulator cell ratios than required for spleen cells. The specificity of epidermal cells as both targets and immunogens fully paralleled that of leucocytes from the same donors.
Malondialdehyde formation in stored plasma

Summary The formation of malondialdehyde in plasma during storage was used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde concentrations were measured in plasma stored at 4°C in the presence of various preservative reagents. A rapid rate of formation of malondialdehyde (15.0 ± 14.0 nmol/dl/week) was observed in control plasma preserved with diisopropylfluorophosphate and NaN3. Addition of the antioxidant, glutathione or EDTA slowed the rate to 4.8 ± 3.0 nmol/dl/week or 4.0 ± 3.0 nmol/dl/week respectively. The combined use of EDTA and glutathione further reduced the rate to 1.6 ± 1.6 nmol/dl/week. Therefore, the use of both glutathione and EDTA provided a 4-fold improvement over EDTA alone in protection of the plasma from lipid peroxidation. Lipids in lipoproteins of all density classes contributed to the malondialdehyde formation.
Efficient Solutions in Multiobjective Tree Network Location Problems

Much of the literature involving the location of one or more new facilities on a network is concerned with minimizing a single objective function subject to constraints on the location variable. Here, we consider the problem of locating a single facility on a tree network where there is more than one objective function to be minimized. A constructive method is given for finding the efficient set of solutions when the objective functions are convex and the constraints define a convex set. Partial results are given for the case where the feasible region is not a convex set.
Nutrient pathways in transferred patellar tendon used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

With the use of the hydrogen washout technique, nutrient pathways of a Jones-type anterior cruciate substitution in the dog were examined. There was no hydrogen uptake by the graft of patellar tendon left attached to the tibia but isolated from the synovium. However, when the graft was placed against synovium in the intercondylar notch, hydrogen uptake and washout were not significantly different than when the patellar tendon was completely intact (control). We conclude that, at least initially, direct blood flow does not contribute to nutrition and that synovial diffusion may play a significant role in the sustenance of the graft.
Learning From Utopia: Contemporary Architecture and the Quest for Political and Social Relevance

A few years ago, the subject of utopia and its relation to architecture was solely of historical interest. The utopian character of modern architecture has often been denounced, and is held respons...
Thrombin substrates and the proteolytic site of thrombin action on human-platelet plasma membranes.

Abstract Intact or isolated plasma membranes of human platelets were treated with thrombin (EC 3.4.4.13), and the membrane proteins hydrolyzed by this enzyme were identified by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. In isolated membranes, a high-molecular-weight polypeptide (220 000) and three glycoproteins with molecular weights of 150 000, 118 000 and 93 000 were reduced in concentration and/or molecular weight after thrombin treatment. In intact membranes, however, only the 118 000-mol. wt glycoprotein was reduced in concentration. Although two other thrombin substrates (the 150 000- and 93 000-mol. wt glycoproteins) were exposed on the surface of intact membranes, they were not hydrolyzed. Thus, the plasma membrane of platelets appears to contain at least two thrombin substrates which because of their orientation in the membrane, are resistant to hydrolysis on intact platelets. The 118 000-mol. wt glycoprotein, the only protein hydrolyzed by thrombin on intact platelets, may be the proteolytic site of thrombin action on the membrane surface.
A review of cloud-resolving model studies of convective processes

Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud microphysical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models (CRMs) have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed largescale forcing. The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective-related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations. This review summarizes the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations, including precipitation processes; cloud microphysical and radiative processes; dynamical processes; precipitation efficiency; diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection; local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes; and tropical convective-radiative equilibrium states. Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models (GCMs) are discussed: replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation, and improving the schemes for climate simulations.
Random Wobbles in the Movement of a Route-Following Robot: Simulating Neuromotor Deficit Using an Embedded Navigation System

Neuromotor Deficits were simulated using an embedded navigation system. The Arduino platform-based robot follows a predetermined route. A stochastic term modifies the compensatory movement the system uses to correct for route deviations. Excessive and insufficient compensation results in unique movement patterns.
Identification of proteins from whole cell lysates: high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Identification of whole cell proteins by 2D-PAGE/in-gel digestion combined with mass spectrometry has become routine, but the time required to prepare the gel, perform the separation, and process the gel for mass spectrometry analysis requires several days. To overcome the disadvantages of 2D-PAGE/in-gel digestion, we developed simple separation/in-solution digestion combined with high- resolution matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry for analysis of whole cell proteins. High resolution MALDI TOF mass spectrometry can be used to analyze complex protein mixtures, thus complete protein separation is not required. Microtip column (C8) separation/in-solution digestion minimizes the time and effort required for sample preparation. Solvent-gradient elution from microtip column (C8) is used to fractionate the proteins and the number of samples that must be mass-analyzed is reduced tenfold. Therefore, significantly fewer numbers of mass spectra are used to identify major proteins in the whole cell lysates. The whole procedure from protein extraction to analysis of mass spectral data can be completed in a day and several hundreds proteins can be identified.
Overcoming Drug Resistance to Heme-Targeted Antimalarials by Systematic Side Chain Variation of 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinolines

Systematic variation of the branching and basicity of the side chain of chloroquine yielded a series of new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline derivatives exhibiting high in vitro activity against four different strains of P. falciparum. Many of the compounds tested showed excellent potency against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains. In particular 4b, 5a, 5b, 5d, 17a, and 17b were found to be significantly more potent than chloroquine against the resistant strains Dd2 and FCB.
Deep Space Optical Communications Development Program

The technology development, spacecraft systems impact, design examples and overall development plan for optical deep space communications are described. Design examples include moderate distance links like ones from Mars to Earth, out through a potential mission to a distance of 1000 A.U. The technology development plan, which includes both ground-based as well as Earth orbit-based reception considerations, spans the period from 1985 to the year 2003. Past technology developments in high efficiency lasers, optical modulation and coding, and high power efficiency communications techniques at multiple bits of information per detected photon are also discussed.
Effect of N fertilizer rate and soil pH on N efficiency in corn

Nitrogen (N) efficiency components and N accumulation parameters were determined for seven commercially available corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown on a Cecil sandy loam soil (Typic Hapludult) in the Southeasten U.S. The hybrids were grown in field plots at three soil pH levels (4.8, 5.5, and 6.6) and four N fertilizer rates (0.4, 1.8, 3.2, and 6.0, g plant−1). Nitrogen uilitzation efficiency (grain yield/total N uptake) was significantly different among hybrids in both 1983 and 1984. Differences in N use efficiency (grain yield/N supply) and N uptake efficiency (total N uptake/N supply) ranged from 100.4 to 114.6 and from 1.62 to 1.90, respectively, in 1984. Nitrogen fertilizer rate significantly affected all measured N accumulation and efficiency parameters except N uptake after silking in 1983. The results indicate that improving N uptake or soil N availability might increase grain yields for hybrids with higher N utilization efficiency.
A New Limit to the Size of the Radio Nucleus of NGC 5128

We have measured the size of the compact radio nucleus of the giant radio galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) as 0.5 ± 0.1 milliarcseconds. The corresponding linear dimensions of 0.01 pc ~ 10 light-days ~ 1016 cm make this the smallest known extragalactic radio source. If the radio lobes are powered by a massive central engine, such as a black hole, their large total energy content combined with our measurement of the size of the central radio source, suggest that the central mass density may have exceeded 5 × 1013 M☉ pc-3, a value far larger than has been determined for any other active galactic nucleus or quasar.
Mg doping and alloying in Zn 3 P 2 heterojunction solar cells

Zinc phosphide (Zn 3 P 2 ) is a promising and earth-abundant alternative to traditional materials (e.g. CdTe, CIGS, a-Si) for thin film photovoltaics. We report the fabrication of Mg/Zn 3 P 2 Schottky diodes with VOC values reaching 550 mV, JSC values up to 21.8 mA/cm2, and photovoltaic efficiency reaching 4.5%. Previous authors have suggested that Mg impurities behave as n-type dopants in Zn 3 P 2 , but combined Hall effect measurements and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) show that 1017 to 1019 cm−3 Mg impurities compensate p-type doping to form highly resistive Zn 3 P 2 . Further device work with modified ITO/Mg/Zn 3 P 2 heterojunctions suggests that the ITO capping layer improves a passivation reaction between Mg and Zn 3 P 2 to yield high voltages > 500 mV without degradation in the blue response of the solar cell. These results indicate that at least 8–10% efficiency cell is realizable by the optimization of Mg treatment in Zn 3 P 2 solar cells.
The future of habitat modeling and instream flow assessment techniques

This paper examines emerging trends in applied instream flow assessment methods within the context of an ecologically based assessment framework, in light of the challenges imposed by the spatial and temporal domains of aquatic ecosystems. I will attempt to highlight what I consider to be the more promising technologies, modeling techniques and analysis approaches that represent workable tools to meet the needs of practical, applied instream flow assessments. To this end, I will touch on measurement techniques and technologies used to characterize the spatial domain of river systems, analysis tools for characterization of the hydrodynamic elements of rivers in both the spatial and temporal domains, and finally tools and approaches which integrate the biological elements at the individual, population and community levels. Much of my view of the future of habitat modeling remains an abstraction, in that integration of all the pieces has yet to be accomplished, field validation remains unproven, availability of an integrated analysis framework (i.e. computer software system) is not yet available, and a clear framework for selection and application of specific tools has not been developed. However, in presenting this particular view of the future, I hope to stimulate a broader collaborative effort between biologists, engineers and resource managers that continues to move the state-of-the-art forward. This effort should not consider the plurality of methods or analytical procedures as competing approaches, but rather as representing a tool-rich environment upon which researchers and practitioners can draw to provide scientifically based quantifications in support of management decisions which must protect and enhance our aquatic ecosystems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbits of Detached Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binaries of Types Late F to K. III. AD Bootis and DU Leonis

In this third paper of a series, spectroscopic orbits are obtained for the main-sequence eclipsing binaries AD Boo (P = 2.07 days, F6 + G0) and DU Leo (P = 1.37 days, G0:). The available photometry of AD Boo may be adequate, but a second photometric study, at Copenhagen, is in the offing. This binary will soon be unique in having three independent spectroscopic studies of high quality, providing stringent tests of possible systematic differences between observational sets. The available photometry of DU Leo provides marginally useful coverage of the light curve. The components of AD Boo are sufficiently different in mass and radius to provide a good test of interior models. They lie above the mass range in which difficulties of interpretation were encountered in the previous paper in this series. The components of DU Leo are nearly equal in mass and radius. According to extant evolutionary models, the age of the system appears comparable to that of the Galaxy. The roughly determined spatial velocity is also suggestive of membership in an older population. Discrepancies among spectral type criteria may imply a nonstandard chemical composition.