cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trace elemental patterns in Humboldt squid statoliths from three geographic regions

Statolith trace elemental concentrations can be used as natural tracers to better understand life history and stock structure of squid. A highly variable Humboldt squid population was targeted to determine if ontogenic patterns could be revealed and to compare variations among squid collected from three geographic areas. Statoliths from Humboldt squid collected off Westport, WA; Oceanside, CA; and the Galapagos Islands were sampled for ten trace elements using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Similar patterns were found for some elements despite geographic collection site distances indicating a potential to explain ontogenic shifts experienced by this species. Other elements displayed high variation in spatial pattern, which suggests the potential to distinguish among the squid collected from the three geographic regions and better understand stock structure. Within the California and Washington squid, eight of the elements varied in relation to calcium across the statolith with only yttrium and zirconium remaining statistically invariant. In addition to these two elements, copper and zinc also did not vary significantly across the statoliths collected from Galapagos squid. All elements demonstrate potential to influence a multivariate elemental fingerprint, which may provide a useful measure of population discrimination needed for stock assessment.
Role of Niobium Oxides on the Strength of Plain Carbon Steels

In this paper, the authors electrolytically extracted niobium inclusions from heats of 1030 steel with FeNb, NbO2, and NbO additions. From energy-dispersive spectroscopy, the inclusion chemistry of these additions was found to be similar. Pure niobium oxide inclusions were never found in the steel. Inclusion size was measured using polished samples and electrolytically extracted samples. Statistical analysis found that the average inclusion size was larger on filtered samples compared to the polished samples. Since pure NbO inclusions were not found, it was thought that the niobium strengthening reported in the earlier literature might be actually due to a precipitation hardening effect. Precipitation heat treatments were done at 600, 625, and 650 °C (1112, 1157, and 1202 °F) after solutionizing at 1100 °C (2012 °F). The hardness was measured at aging times of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min. The observed relation between hardness and aging time matched that expected for a precipitation hardening mechanism. It was therefore theorized that the NbO and NbO2 additions dissolved in the melt and form precipitates.
Abstract PR01: Identifying clinically important somatic mutations through a knowledge-based approach

Large-scale tumor sequencing projects, like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have implicated thousands of somatic mutations in cancer. These initiatives have incentivized many improvements in somatic variant detection. However, we have observed that important pathogenic variants are often missed due to stringent filtering, tumor heterogeneity, tumor contamination of normal, low tumor purity, alignment challenges, and other issues. These idiosyncrasies can impede variant detection algorithms from reliably calling even the most clinically relevant variants. To rescue this missed variation we devised a knowledge based variant identification strategy. We mined the literature and other variant databases for pathogenic variation and assembled them into an integrated Database of Curated Mutations (DoCM - www.docm.info). The DoCM contains 488 variants across 63 genes implicated in 34 cancer types. We developed an algorithm to identify any pathogenic variant signal, for all variants in the DoCM, in aligned sequence data. As a proof of principle, we applied this approach to four cancer types sequenced by TCGA: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Obvious sequencing and alignment errors, like variants in homopolymer runs, were excluded from subsequent analysis by manual review. Across these four TCGA projects, which includes 1,840 individuals, 1,757 clinically relevant variants were identified, 1,223 of which had not been previously reported in TCGA studies. To validate this approach, custom capture probes were designed for all of the DoCM variants, new libraries constructed and deep sequencing performed on 96 tumor and matched normal samples from the AML and breast cancer TCGA projects. Following this strategy, we were able to confirm the rescue of clinically relevant somatic mutations that were missed in the original TCGA analysis. We propose a knowledge-driven variant detection approach be considered as standard practice to avoid false-negative calls of events likely to be clinically relevant Citation Format: Benjamin J. Ainscough, Malachi Griffith, Jason Kunisaki, Adam Coffman, Joshua F. McMichael, James M. Eldred, Jason R. Walker, Robert S. Fulton, Richard K. Wilson, Obi L. Griffith, Elaine R. Mardis. Identifying clinically important somatic mutations through a knowledge-based approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr PR01.
Remembering Fred Ho: The Legacy of Afro Asian Futurism

What is Afro Asia? What are the political and cultural connections between Black Americans and Asian Americans? What does jazz have to do with martial arts? In 1997 Fred Ho began creating a series of Afro Asian jazz martial arts performance pieces that brought together a synthesis of martial arts practitioners, dancers, and jazz artists, reflecting the legacy of the Bandung Conference of 1955.
The Welfare Effects of Public Information Under Proper Priors

We re-examine the Morris and Shin (2002) model, but assume that players hold proper priors. This sharply alters equilibrium behavior, and welfare, particularly when coordination dominates individual payoffs. Whereas under improper priors the social value of public information is smallest, and possibly negative, in these situations, this is never true under proper priors. When coordination matters sufficiently, public information always has positive social value. With proper priors, the social value of public information always varies non-monotonically with coordination motives. The social value of public information can still be negative, but only when coordination motives are moderate. Despite these differences, the two models converge in the limit, though the rate of convergence varies markedly with the weight on coordination.
Model Building Using Linear Free Energy Relationship Parameters–Eliminating Calibration Curves for Optical Analysis of Enantiomeric Excess

Linear free energy relationship (LFER) parameters are routinely used to parametrize physicochemical effects while investigating reaction mechanisms. In this Communication, we describe an alternate application for LFERs: training sets for model building in an analytical application. In this study, the sterics, quantified by Charton parameters (Δv), of nine secondary chiral alcohol analytes were correlated to the circular dichroism output from a chiral alcohol optical sensor. To test the validity of the model, the correlative linear model was applied to determine the enantiomeric excess of samples of two alcohols without a priori knowledge of a calibration curve. The error in this method was comparable to those of previous experimental methods (<5%).
Sub-picosecond wireless synchronization based on a millimeter-wave impulse receiver with an on-chip antenna in 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents a wireless synchronization receiver using sub-8psec pulses. A novel self-mixing technique is introduced to detect low-power picosecond impulses and extract the repetition rate with a low timing jitter. The chip is fabricated in a 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS process and achieves a time transfer accuracy of 376fsec. The receiver, which is integrated with a broadband on-chip antenna, successfully detects a picosecond pulse train with a 3.1GHz repetition rate and generates an output locked to this rate with a phase noise of −89 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz frequency offset. The chip consumes 146 mW from a 2.5V supply and occupies an area of 1.89mm2.
The application of bronchofibroscope in PICU

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of clinical application of bronchofibroscope (BFS) in PICU. Methods Seventy-nine critically ill children in our PICU were operated with BFS in 89 cases and the etiology of these children was analyzed. The blood-gas analysis and oxygenation index both before and after the treatment had been compared, and syndrome was observed as well. For 40 cases in which critically ill children received bronchoalveolar lavage in addition to mechanical ventilation, and the index of respiratory mechanics was analyzed. Analysis and summary had been performed on the culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 74 cases. Results The primary disease in these cases was mainly respiratory diseases (64/79). There was no major change in oxygenation index and blood pH ( P ＞0. 05 ) before and after operation with BFS. No severe syndrome,such as sudden cardiac arrest and pneumothorax, was recorded. However,transient decrease in SpO2 was most frequently observed in minor syndromes (15/79). The children treated with mechanical ventilation were recorded with significant decrease in air way resistance ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) after bronchoalveolar lavage. However,dynamic compliance and work of breathing only changed slightly (P ＞0. 05 ). The culture positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 29. 1% (23/79) ,mainly gram-negative bacteria, which coincided with disease spectrum of PICU. Conclusion The application of BFS in PICU can improve salve and tracheobronchial management for critically ill children. The diagnosis and treatment is safe and reliable by strictly grasping the examination indication by BFS under the custody of PICU. Key words: Bronchofibroscope; PICU; Clinical application
A Hybrid Slot/Monopole Antenna With Directional Heating Patterns for Microwave Ablation

We present a new coax-fed interstitial antenna for generating directional heating patterns during microwave ablation. The antenna comprises a base-fed monopole wherein, a portion of the outer conductor is extended to create a reflector that directs the fields toward the opposing direction. To further direct the fields away from the reflector, we etched a semicylindrical slot in the outer conductor. The electric field produced by the slot constructively interferes with the field generated by the monopole in the desired radiation direction, while destructively interfering with the monopole’s field behind the reflector. This creates directional specific absorption rate and heating patterns. In addition, the reflector and slot suppress the unwanted currents along the antennas feeding cable. This eliminates the need for a balun and reduces the overall antenna diameter. The antenna is impedance matched using an internal $\pi $ - matching network. A prototype of this antenna, designed to operate at 7 GHz in egg white, was fabricated and used to perform ablation experiments at a power level of 20 W for 5 min. Experimental results agree well with simulations and confirm the capability of the antenna for generating directional heating patterns.
Natural and Cultural Formation Processes

One of the best-known archaeological sites in the world is Pompeii, a Roman town buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in CE 79. The disaster stopped daily life in its tracks, felling residents who were unable to escape and covering everything with a thick layer of ash. Millions of modern tourists visit Pompeii each year, now able to walk its streets, inspect its art (and graffiti), and peer into shops and homes. The casual observer might therefore imagine that most places of past human activity remain as they were in use, perhaps simply buried under a thick layer of dirt or volcanic ash. In this view, an archaeological site – much like the abandoned home described by Philip Larkin in his poem “Home is So Sad” – “stays as it was left,/Shaped to the comfort of the last to go.”
Developing a Help Desk Board Game

The terms "educational games" and "gamification" are used with increasing frequency as tools used to make learning engaging, but if you've played any recent educational games chances are good that you weren't having fun being educated meaningfully, or effectively. In addition to making a successful game, which is challenging enough on its own, you must integrate learning into the project from the outset and ensure the core aspects of your game reinforce your learning outcomes.When properly integrated, educational games can make a world of difference in the level of engagement and comprehension inplayers. In this paper, I'll explain core game design principles and provide a template spanning ideation to implementation for creating a game for training your student employees. I'll also show how focusing on the mechanics of my game reinforces troubleshooting skills, communication, and teamwork with my student employees.
CRT-700.42 Etiologies, Trends and Predictors Of Readmission After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is approved for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who are at high risk of stroke but unable to tolerate anticoagulation. We studied the causes and predictors of readmission after LAAO. National Readmission Database (NRD) 2013 to 2014 was
Thermodynamic versus non-equilibrium stability of palmitic acid monolayers in calcium-enriched sea spray aerosol proxy systems

Of the major cations in seawater (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+), Ca2+ is found to be the most enriched in fine sea spray aerosols (SSA). In this work, we investigate the binding of Ca2+ to the carboxylic acid headgroup of palmitic acid (PA), a marine-abundant fatty acid, and the impact such binding has on the stability of PA monolayers in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. A range of Ca2+ conditions from 10 μM to 300 mM was utilized to represent the relative concentration of Ca2+ in high and low relative humidity aerosol environments. The CO2− stretching modes of PA detected by surface-sensitive infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) reveal ionic binding motifs of the Ca2+ ion to the carboxylate group with varying degrees of hydration. Surface tensiometry was used to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium spreading pressure (ESP) of PA on the various aqueous CaCl2 subphases. Up to concentrations of 1 mM Ca2+, each system reached equilibrium, and Ca2+:PA surface complexation gave rise to a lower energy state revealed by elevated surface pressures relative to water. We show that PA films are not thermodynamically stable at marine aerosol-relevant Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+] ≥ 10 mM). IRRAS and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface presence of PA on high concentration Ca2+ aqueous subphases. Non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) experiments were also conducted and monitored by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) to determine the effect of the Ca2+ ions on PA stability. At high surface pressures, the relaxation mechanisms of PA varied among the systems and were dependent on Ca2+ concentration.
Bending Before the Storm: Continentalism in the Visual Culture of Canadian Magazines

This essay analyzes the shared visual culture of the United States and Canada in Anglophone magazine illustration 1900–1950, in the context of cultural nationalist rhetoric and continentalism. Focu...
Diversity, Molecular Level

Understanding the population genetic mechanisms that generate molecular diversity is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is maintained and generated. This article summarizes current knowledge on molecular mechanisms and theoretical models that explain molecular diversity patterning and causation. Molecular variation is studied at two main levels: within species and between species, corresponding to the polymorphism and divergence components of genetic diversity, respectively. Although the development of high-throughput methods for DNA sequencing have facilitated describing genome-wide patterns or sequence polymorphism and divergence, there has not been a major shift in the theoretical foundations explaining how molecular diversity is generated and maintained.
Systemic Thyroid Hormone Status During Levothyroxine Therapy In Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context The standard of care for overt hypothyroidism is levothyroxine at doses that normalize serum TSH levels. Whether this approach universally restores thyroid hormone signaling is unknown. Objective To review studies of overt hypothyroidism in which participants were treated with levothyroxine to normalize serum TSH levels and measured other objective markers of thyroid hormone signaling. Design Databases were searched for studies that reported objective markers of thyroid hormone signaling (serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), creatine kinase and/or ferritin levels; cognition, energy expenditure, and/or renal function) in levothyroxine monotherapy for overt, primary hypothyroidism among nonpregnant adults with normal serum TSH levels. For studies with LDL, TC and SHBG outcomes, data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 99 studies met inclusion criteria, including 65 that reported serum cholesterol data. Meta-analysis showed that levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid participants with normal serum TSH levels had 3.31 ± 1.64 mg/dL higher serum LDL levels (p=0.044) and 9.60 ± 3.55 mg/dL higher serum TC levels (p=0.007) compared to controls. In studies that did not concomitantly assess healthy controls, serum LDL levels were 138.3 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.001) and serum TC levels were 209.6 ± 3.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed no significant difference between SHBG levels of levothyroxine-treated participants and controls. Conclusions In studies that utilized levothyroxine monotherapy at doses that normalized the serum TSH for overt, primary hypothyroidism, not all systemic biological markers of thyroid hormone signaling were normalized, including serum LDL and TC levels.
Safeguarding children's health: Time to enact a health-based standard and comprehensive testing, mitigation, and communication protocol for lead in drinking water

Lead was a known toxin before the Roman Empire, yet exposure remains a public health concern today. Although there is no safe lead exposure level, a health-based drinking water standard has not been established. The Clean Water for Carolina Kids Study highlights the need for a health-based standard.
Introduction to Electrodynamics

The history of electromagnetism is intertwined with the revolutions in astronomy and mechanics, and with the history of science and intellectual history in general. It is convenient to distinguish three periods in the history which we might call early, classical, and modern, each initiated by certain clusters of critical, distinguishing discoveries. Curiously, these clusters occurred around the centennial years 1600, 1800, and 1900.
Reconsidering Leonardo [Historical]

The story goes that 500 years ago, on 2 May 1519, in the Clos Luce manor house near the royal castle of Amboise, King Francis I of France was lovingly assisting an old man who was on his deathbed. The man was neither a king, an aristocrat, nor a victorious general. He was the out-of-wedlock son of an Italian notary. France was, after Spain, the most powerful state in Europe, and, at that time, aristocrats avoided caring for people below their status. There is a chance that this story, portrayed in romantic paintings, is a legend; but what is certain is that Francis I devoted considerable attention to the old man whom he had invited to spend his last years in Amboise-Leonardo da Vinci.
The Narrative Coherence Standard and the Dangers of Excessive Paternalism.

While finding an unbiased method for determining mental capacity is an important goal, the Narrative Coherence Standard (NCS) must be further specified before it can be safely employed. Aryeh Goldb...
Relationship between Right Atrial Pressure and Inferior Vena Cava Dimensions in Pediatric Post Heart Transplant Patients

Purpose The correlation between a low right atrial pressure (RAP) and increased respiratory collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is well studied in adults. There is limited data in the pediatric population, especially in the pediatric heart transplant population. This study aims to assess the relationship between non invasive imaging of both IVC dimensions and collapsibility to invasive RAP measurement. Methods A retrospective review of the pediatric transplant patient data between 2015-2017 was performed. Seventy-six patients had cardiac catheterization and echocardiogram within a maximum two weeks of each other. Clinical data, including mean RAP during cath and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) were collected. Echos were reviewed on two separate occasions by a single reviewer for intra-observer variability. IVC diameter in long axis in inspiration and expiration, IVC collapsibility index, left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI) and tricuspid regurgitant (TR) velocity were reviewed. Results A higher IVC collapsibility index correlated with a lower RAP (r = -0.25, p = 0.03) and a larger IVC diameter in expiration (indexed to body surface area (BSA)) correlated with a higher RAP (r = +0.24, p = 0.04) (Figure 1A, 1B). There was a correlation between elevated NTproBNP and IVC collapsibility (r = -0.39, p = 0.0007), IVC expiratory diameter/BSA (r = 0.34, p = 0.0003), and RAP (r = 0.7, p = 0.0001)(Figure 1C, 1D, 1E). Secondary outcomes of TR velocity and LVRI had no correlation with RAP. Conclusion Our study showed a correlation between both IVC collapsibility and IVC expiratory diameter (indexed to BSA) to mean RAP in pediatric heart transplant patients. Non invasive imaging of the IVC offers indirect data on right sided cardiac filling and intravascular volume status.
Image Quality Assessment of Abdominal CT by Use of New Deep Learning Image Reconstruction: Initial Experience.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to perform quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in contrast-enhanced oncologic CT of the abdomen...
What is Fueling FinTech Lending? The Role of Banking Market Structure

FinTech growth raises questions about its competitive advantages vis-a-vis traditional providers, the relative risks of FinTech products, and real economic effects. We study FinTech platform small business lending, yielding new answers that may apply to FinTech more generally. Findings suggest that FinTech tends to replace loans by large/out-of-market banks more than small/in-market banks. This is consistent with FinTech advantages in more efficient processing of hard information, rather than hardening of soft information. Additional results suggest that FinTech loans are relatively risky, but become safer after replacing bank loans. Both FinTech and bank loans are found to benefit the real economy.
Diversification of the Renewable Furanic Platform via 5-(Chloromethyl)furfural-Based Carbon Nucleophiles.

Biobased 5-(chloromethyl)furoate and 5-methylfuroate esters can be deprotonated to function as furylogous lithium enolates, and the former can also undergo zinc insertion to access Reformatsky-type chemistry. Carbon nucleophilicity represents hitherto little-explored reactivity in these key carbohydrate-derived platform molecules, expanding their synthetic utility and potentially opening up new sustainable product markets (e. g., in epoxy resins or biobased dyes).
Reconfigurable Assembly of Chiral Nanostructures on Solid Substrates

Reconfigurable construction of nanostructures on solid substrates is promising for adaptive on-chip devices. We report an all-optical approach to build colloids into active chiral nanostructures on a solid substrate, where the chiroptical response can be tailored on-demand.
PMEM-spec: persistent memory speculation (strict persistency can trump relaxed persistency)

Persistency models define the persist-order that controls the order in which stores update persistent memory (PM). As with memory consistency, the relaxed persistency models provide better performance than the strict ones by relaxing the ordering constraints. To support such relaxed persistency models, previous studies resort to APIs for annotating the persist-order in program and hardware implementations for enforcing the programmer-specified order. However, these approaches to supporting relaxed persistency impose costly burdens on both architects and programmers. In light of this, the goal of this study is to demonstrate that the strict persistency model can outperform the relaxed models with significantly less hardware complexity and programming difficulty. To achieve that, this paper presents PMEM-Spec that speculatively allows any PM accesses without stalling or buffering, detecting their ordering violation (e.g., misspeculation for PM loads and stores). PMEM-Spec treats misspeculation as power failure and thus leverages failure-atomic transactions to recover from misspeculation by aborting and restarting them purposely. Since the ordering violation rarely occurs, PMEM-Spec can accelerate persistent memory accesses without significant misspeculation penalty. Experimental results show that PMEM-Spec outperforms two epoch-based persistency models with Intel X86 ISA and the state-of-the-art hardware support by 27.2% and 10.6%, respectively.
Learning about Distress

I develop an analytically tractable dynamic asset pricing model to study expected returns of financially distressed firms in the presence of learning and investor activism. Learning critically affects distressed stocks' valuations and risk exposures as information about solvency is essential for firm survival in distress. Informational externalities from active investors thus can also have first-order effects on distress risk premia. The presented model can shed light on a variety of empirical regularities related to financial distress, such as distressed firms' apparent stock market underperformance, momentum return dynamics, and negative abnormal returns after private placements of public equity involving active investors.
Cross Section of Stat (Emergent) EEG Use. Who Orders Them? What Do We Find? What Indications Best Predict Finding Seizures?

ABSTRACT.Stat electroencephalograms (sEEG) recorded over a one year period were analyzed to determine the rate of seizure or status epilepticus (SE) detection and the best predictors based on: ordering physician, clinical indication for study, and clinical history. All consecutive sEEG reports done over a year period at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were evaluated: sEEG findings, clinical history, clinical indication for study, requesting physician, location of patient, and demographics. Univariate analysis followed by a multivariate regression model analysis was performed. Of the 3,471 inpatient EEGs performed during the review period, 778 (22.4%) were sEEGs. 3.5% (n=27) nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), 0.4% (n=3) convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), and 1.1% (n=9) had discrete electro graphic seizures giving a total yield of 5.0% (39/778) patients with seizures or SE. A multivariate logistic retrospective model looking at ordering physician, clinical indicatio...
Creating Networking Communities Beyond the Classroom

In the summer of 2008, after a change in leadership, the Graduate Instructional Designer Association at UMass Boston embarked on a project to connect students, faculty and alumni in an online space. It was believed that this space, unrestrained by the spatial and tempo- ral constraints of classroom learning, would help connect students with each other and with alumni so that they could extend the learning that occurred in the classroom, be that a physical classroom or an electronic classroom on Blackboard. This was not the first attempt at creating such a community of practice; however it has been the first successful attempt to date. This arti- cle explores our goals and how this community has successfully met them, as well as limita- tions—such as helping members overcome a perception of social media fatigue—that we still need to overcome in order to improve our community and to extend learning outside of the classroom. Helping members overcome such fatigue enables them to better help the community by contributing more content and greater net presence, thus contributing to the overall learning experience.
Evaluation of bioequivalence of highly variable drugs using clinical trial simulations. II : Comparison of single and multiple-dose trials using AUC and Cmax

Purpose. Evaluating of the effects of high intrasubject variability in clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), on 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for AUC (Area Under the concentration Curve) in single and multiple-dose bioequivalence studies. The main methodology was Monte Carlo simulation, and we also used deterministic simulation, and examination of clinical trials. The results are compared with those previously observed for Cmax (maximum concentration.)
Spatiotemporal Targeting of a Dual-Ligand Nanoparticle to Cancer Metastasis.

Various targeting strategies and ligands have been employed to direct nanoparticles to tumors that upregulate specific cell-surface molecules. However, tumors display a dynamic, heterogeneous microenvironment, which undergoes spatiotemporal changes including the expression of targetable cell-surface biomarkers. Here, we investigated a dual-ligand nanoparticle to effectively target two receptors overexpressed in aggressive tumors. By using two different chemical specificities, the dual-ligand strategy considered the spatiotemporal alterations in the expression patterns of the receptors in cancer sites. As a case study, we used two mouse models of metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer using the MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. The dual-ligand system utilized two peptides targeting P-selectin and αvβ3 integrin, which are functionally linked to different stages of the development of metastatic disease at a distal site. Using in vivo multimodal imaging and post mortem histological analyses, this study shows tha...
Mobile Radiosonde Deployments during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX): Rapid and Adaptive Sampling of Upscale Convective Feedbacks

AbstractThe Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) was a field campaign conducted 15 May through 15 June 2013 within the Great Plains region of the United States. One of the research foci of MPEX regarded the upscaling effects of deep convective storms on their environment, and how these feed back to the convective-scale dynamics and predictability. Balloon-borne GPS radiosondes, or “upsondes,” were used to sample such environmental feedbacks. Two of the upsonde teams employed dual-frequency sounding systems that allowed for upsonde observations at intervals as fast as 15 min. Because these dual-frequency systems also had the capacity for full mobility during sonde reception, highly adaptive and rapid storm-relative sampling of the convectively modified environment was possible. This article documents the mobile sounding capabilities and unique sampling strategies employed during MPEX.
Preaching, politics and episcopal reform in Wulfstan's early writings

Putting Wulfstan's earliest legal texts – the Canons of Edgar and the so-called Peace of Edward and Guthrum – in dialogue with his homilies on the role of the bishop, this article argues that, from his earliest writings, Wulfstan adapted approaches from Kings Alfred and Edgar as well as from the Benedictine reform to make ambitious claims concerning the role of the bishop in the secular sphere. These claims went beyond the contemporary understanding of the relationship between bishop and king both in England and on the Continent, to frame the bishop as the primary authority in the nation because he is the teacher of teachers.
The 2nu-SVM: A Cost-Sensitive Extension of the nu-SVM

Abstract : Standard classification algorithms aim to minimize the probability of making an incorrect classification. In many important applications, however, some kinds of errors are more important than others. In this report we review cost-sensitive extensions of standard support vector machines (SVMs). In particular, we describe cost-sensitive extensions of the C-SVM and the nu-SVM, which we denote the 2C-SVM and 2nu-SVM respectively. The C-SVM and the nu-SVM are known to be closely related, and we prove that the 2C-SVM and 2nu-SVM share a similar relationship. This demonstrates that the 2C-SVM and 2nu-SVM explore the same space of possible classifiers, and gives us a clear understanding of the parameter space for both versions.
Operations for Sarcomas on the Lower Extremity

The general principles of soft-part resection apply to sarcomas arising in the upper extremity, but the relative proportion of patients requiring amputation is greater than with sarcomas in the lower extremities. The smaller muscle masses in the arm and forearm, when compared with the thigh and leg, do not allow as wide a soft-tissue margin around the sarcoma and, in many instances, this prevents limb preservation. Nevertheless, the soft-tissue resections for arm and forearm sites are described and illustrated. In each instance the procedure essentially includes resection of the entire muscle compartment and fits the category of radical compartmental resection, since this is usually required to achieve an adequate gross margin. When amputation is required, the standard techniques are employed for midarm and distal sites, but inter-scapulothoracic amputation is indicated for more proximal sites.
Simultaneous solutions of coupled thermal airflow problem for natural ventilation in buildings

Natural and hybrid ventilation can be sustainable building ventilation strategies, where airflow is driven naturally by thermal buoyancy and/or wind forces other than pure mechanical means. The simulation and design of these systems need to consider the combined impact of thermal and airflow transport behaviors. The numerical solution of such combined thermal airflow problems often employs a segregate and iterative approach. Either the air temperatures in the thermal problem or the air pressures in the airflow problem are solved separately with the other parameter known from a previous iteration. The newly solved parameters are then substituted successively into the other calculation. For highly coupled thermal airflow problems, the segregate method can cause solution fluctuation or even divergence when relaxation factors are not carefully selected to avoid abrupt changes of air parameters in the successive substitution procedure. This article investigated two nonsegregate methods to solve thermal and air...
LWW Health Library

LWW Health Library is a web-based portal for reading content from Lippincott including common required textbooks for medical education, pharmacy, and the health professions. The site also contains other multimedia features including video and audio, self-assessments, cases, and clinical skills materials. LWW Health Library collections can be purchased in their entirety or by subcollections including Anatomy, Osteopathic Medicine, and Basic Sciences. This review will assess the content, navigation, search functions, and various features of LWW Health Library by focusing on the Medical Education Collection.
Adult-acquired hidden penis in obese patients: a critical survey of the literature.

Context Hidden penis is anatomically defined by a lack of firm attachments of the skin and dartos fascia to the underlying Buck fascia. Objective To critically appraise the research evidence that could support the most effective surgical techniques for adult-acquired hidden penis in obese patients. Methods Studies investigating patients with a diagnosis of hidden penis were identified. Of these studies, only those with adult patients classified as overweight or obese (body mass index >25) were included in the review. Three reviewers examined the abstracts of the studies identified in the initial Medline search, and abstracts considered potentially relevant underwent full-text review. Studies that included patients with congenital, iatrogenic (eg, circumcision issues or aesthetic genital surgery), or traumatic causes of hidden penis were excluded. Studies that did not define the diagnostic criteria for hidden penis were excluded to minimize the risk of definition bias. The quality of evidence for each study was determined after considering the following sources of bias: method of allocation to study groups, data analysis, presence of baseline differences between groups, objectivity of outcome, and completeness of follow-up. Using these criteria, studies were then graded as high, moderate, or low in quality. Results Seven studies with a total of 119 patients met the inclusion criteria. All but 1 of the studies were nonrandomized. One study provided a clear presentation of results and appropriate statistical analysis. Six studies accounted for individual-based differences, and 1 study failed to account for baseline differences altogether. Four studies addressed follow-up. One study was of high quality, 2 were of moderate quality, and 4 were of low quality. Conclusion Building a clinical practice guideline for the surgical management of hidden penis has proven difficult because of a lack of high-quality, statistically significant data in the research synthesis. The authors elucidate the challenges and epitomize the collective wisdom of surgeons who have investigated this problem and emphasize the need for rigorous evaluative studies.
CLEO-c and CESR-c: A new frontier in strong and weak interactions

Abstract We report on the physics potential of a charm and QCD factory, based on a proposal for the conversion of the existing CESR machine and CLEO detector: “CESR-c and OLEO-c”. Such a facility will make major contributions to the field of quark flavor physics in this decade. It may also provide the best chance for understanding non-perturbative QCD, which is essential to understanding the strongly-coupled sectors of the new physics that lies beyond the Standard Model.
The influence of a deep-storage reservoir on the physicochemical limnology of a Central Texas River

A study was conducted to determine a physicochemical profile of a new deep-storage reservoir and to determine the influence of impoundment and thermal stratification in the reservoir on the physicochemical limnology of the parent river. The presence of thermal stratification from May through November caused the most significant change in water conditions. Of 23 parameters studied, 12 remained unchanged, 10 improved, and 2 deteriorated (Table VI). The greatest downstream changes in water conditions from those upstream from the reservoir were a decrease in temperature, an increase of ammonia, and the presence of hydrogen sulfide during the period of thermal stratification. Ammonia did not increase to a level considered to be toxic to aquatic species. It could, however, serve as a nutrient for certain species of plants and result in a change in community structure. Water tempeature downstream from the reservoir was always within the annual temperature range of the river upstream from the reservoir; however, the summer maximum in the tailrace was decreased to a temperature that could interfere wih the normal life cycle of many species.
Comparability work and the management of difference in research synthesis studies

The new imperative to be more methodologically inclusive has generated a burgeoning interest in synthesizing the findings of qualitative and quantitative studies, or mixed research synthesis. Yet, the very diversity seen to define the mixed research synthesis enterprise is also considered to defy it as it intensifies the problem of comparing the seemingly incomparable to enable the combination of the seemingly uncombinable. We propose here that the research synthesis enterprise, in general, and the mixed research synthesis enterprise, in particular, entail comparability work whereby reviewers impose similarity and difference on the studies to be reviewed. The very study diversity requiring management does not exist a priori but rather is itself an outcome of comparability work already done whereby judgments have been made about what constitutes methodological and topical diversity and uniformity. Conceiving the research synthesis process as defined by comparability work moves the backstage interpretive work of systematic review to center stage and, thereby, sets a new stage for addressing the methodological issues involved. These issues are explored by reference to the synthesis of empirical studies of antiretroviral adherence in HIV-positive women in the US.
Cyclic nucleotide-stimulable protein kinases in the central nervous system of Manduca sexta

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-stimulable protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) has been studied in crude extracts from the central nervous system of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The insect kinase was sulfhydryl-sensitive and required Mg2+ for optimal activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of supernatants demonstrated the presence of multiple kinases in the larval nerve cord. At low concentrations, cyclic AMP was a much more potent activator of soluble and particulate activities than was cyclic GMP. The specific activity of soluble kinase and the magnitude of its activations by cyclic AMP were greater in the adult than in the larvel central nervous system. The exogenous protein substrate specificity of the insect enzyme was similar to that of rat brain kinase with the sole exception that protamine was more readily phosphorylated than histone by nerve cord kinase. It was observed that cyclic AMP lowered the Km of Manduca sexta kinase for ATP, a phenomenon which is apparently nervous tissue-specific in mammals. An effective inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was prepared from the larval central nervous system.
Social cognition and object relations.

Social cognition research and psychoanalytic object relations theory both address the cognitive and affective processes that mediate interpersonal functioning. Each approach faces a number of difficulties that could be more readily addressed by examining the methods, assumptions, metaphors, and models of the other. Social cognitive research could benefit from the psychoanalytic understanding of affective processes, defensive processes, and unconscious representations; object relations approaches could benefit from social cognitive methodologies and developemental findings. Current research suggests that despite certain incompatibilities between the two approaches, integrative methods and models are both possible and potentially useful in exploring phenomena such as poor social functioning in borderline personality disorder
The uninformed orthodontic patient and parent: treatment outcomes.

Abstract In both medical and dental settings, researchers have found that patients do not always adequately comprehend the information given during informed consent discussions. The objective of this study was to evaluate patient and parent understanding of the child’s orthodontic treatment in a dental school population, compare this with information in patients’ charts, and assess the effects of vocabulary and educational level on patients’ and parents’ comprehension. Interviews were conducted with 21 children, ages 7 to 12 years, undergoing early orthodontic treatment at a dental school and 1 parent or guardian per child. Open-ended questions were asked regarding reasons for treatment, risks, and patient and parent responsibilities. Children had been in treatment for 1 to 24 months (mean = 7.84 ± 9.42). Patient and parent responses were compared with information in the children’s charts. On average, parents recalled only 2.1 reasons for treatment and children recalled only 1.24; the charts listed an average of 4.1 diagnoses. Children could recall only 0.67 risks and parents 0.60 risks, yet many patients had already experienced problems with their treatment on average. The vocabulary levels of the children and their parents were low; parents’ vocabulary and educational levels were correlated with their comprehension of this material. Further research should be aimed at improving methods of preparing child patients and their parents for major dental procedures, especially in a publicly funded clinic.
Ocular ascorbate transport and metabolism.

Abstract 1. 1. The concept is reviewed that the eye is subject to photo-oxidative damage through chemical free radical species that interact with sensitive tissue components. 2. 2. The role of ascorbic acid may be to protect the eye by scavenging free radicals. 3. 3. Ascorbic acid is present at a high concentration in various ocular compartments of diurnal animals, regardless of whether the animal synthesizes the compound or extracts it from the diet. 4. 4. Ascorbic acid accumulates in the eye by active transport through the iris-ciliary body into aqueous humor, and subsequent transport into the lens and cornea. 5. 5. Conservation of ascorbic acid occurs by reduction of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and the ascorbate free radical through processes that appear to be enzymatic.
Socioeconomic analysis of the determinants of TANF recipients in the USA and policy implications

The dramatic decline in the number of welfare recipients in the USA is examined. The unique features of this article include the use of time series data, the consideration of different welfare benefits and socioeconomic variables, and the application of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model. Finds that less benefits including cash, food stamps, and Medicaid, lower percentage of births to unmarried mothers, lower dropout rates, lower unemployment rates, more budgets for administrative expense, and welfare reform are expected to reduce welfare caseloads. If the recent unemployment rate of 6.1 percent persists for one year, welfare caseloads would rise by 525,300 from the year 2000 level, holding other factors constant.
Horizontal Reel to Reel Copper Plating with InPulse 2

This paper presents the latest innovation in the Inpulse 2 plating system which has been modified to allow reel to reel processing. Reel to reel plating is a standard technology for production of thin core flexible material where the substrate is treated as a continuous roll and where material handling is critical to ensure uniform results. The Inpulse 2 system uses insoluble anodes and a novel copper replenishment system to ensure uniform working conditions. The electrolyte agitation is managed by use of frequency controlled pumps which is critical for thin materials to ensure no surface damage during plating. The electrical contact to the substrate is made by the use of large contact area clamps along one edge of the material to be plated. This combination of features in the equipment allow the use of high production current densities even with flexible base materials with thin conductive layers. The clamping system at one edge of the material allows varying foil widths with no further equipment modifications necessary. The use of segmented insoluble anodes with individually controlled rectification is critical for thin flexible production to ensure optimum copper plated surface distribution. Results are shown from the production system being used to copper plate flexible material which is currently in production. The substrate has laser drilled through vias which are metallised and subsequently through hole copper plated in the reel to reel system.