cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaction of CH5+ with C2H2, C2H4, C3H6 and c-C3H6

Abstract A tandem mass spectrometer has been used to measure rates of reaction and product distributions for reaction of CH5+ with C2H2, C2H4, C3H6 and c-C3H6. These results are reported as a function of the average number of CH5+CH4 collisions occurring prior to reaction with the unsaturated neutral species. The total rates of reaction of CH5+ are equal to the ion—neutral collision rates and are independent of the CH5+ excitation energy. Isotope labeling studies suggest that reaction occurs by a simple proton transfer to the neutral species which, if energetically feasible, undergoes fragmentation. Analysis of the product distribution suggests that the resulting CH4 is often left with a major fraction of the heat of reaction.
What makes a “research star”? Factors influencing the research productivity of business faculty

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify factors influencing extremely high or low research productivity for business faculty members.Design/methodology/approach – Using data originating from a random sample of 236 faculty members across a wide range of accredited business schools and a web‐based survey, main effects are hypothesized and explored. The authors examine only extreme data points of high (and low) research productivity to focus on high‐performing research “stars.”Findings – It is found that research “stars” hold higher academic rank, possess greater time management skills, individually place a high value on research, report higher time available to conduct research, enjoy higher institutional support in the form of graduate assistants and summer research support, have fewer course preparations, and work for departments with a similar priority placed on research.Research limitations/implications – The authors found that certain person‐ and situation‐level factors differentiate high an...
Enhanced Photooxidative Stability of Conjugated Polymers via C60 Doping

The effect of C60 doping on the photooxidative stability of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2‘-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) is investigated via Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet−visible absorption spectroscopies. The photooxidation of both MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/C60 exhibits first-order kinetics. Analysis reveals that C60 slows the rate of photodegradation of MEH-PPV by more than an order of magnitude.
The Role of Hybridization in a Species Invasion and Extirpation of Resident Fauna: Hybrid Vigor and Breakdown in the Rusty Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus

The rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus (Girard, 1852), is native to the Ohio River basin, but was introduced into northern Midwestern lakes through the bait trade about 50 years ago. Since then, the rusty crayfish has spread rapidly through lakes in northern Wisconsin, displacing two resident species of crayfish, O. propinquus (Girard, 1852), the northern clearwater crayfish, and O. virilis (Hagen, 1870), the virile crayfish. Previous studies have shown that as O. rusticus invades, it hybridizes extensively with O. propinquus, but not with O. virilis. Here, we examine why stable hybrid zones do not form between O. rusticus and O. propinquus, but instead hybridization accelerates the decline of O. propinquus. We report that although putative F1 hybrids tend to grow faster and survive better than other crayfish, backcross hybrid crayfish tend to have fewer young (at a given age) that grow more slowly and experience lower survivorship than F1 hybrids and both parental species. Parental O. rusticus, in comparison, have offspring numbers and growth rates more similar to those of F1 hybrids, while survivorship is intermediate between F1 hybrids and backcrosses. Consequently, hybrid breakdown appears to occur in latter generation crayfish of mixed ancestry, resulting in unstable hybrid zones in lakes that speed the extirpation of O. propinquus. Our findings underscore the negative effects that hybridization can have on conserving native gene pools, a danger that may be particularly detrimental for the great diversity of North American crayfishes.
Type-specific HPV and Pap test results among low-income, underserved women: providing insights into management strategies.

Objective The primary cervical cancer screening strategy for women over age 30 is high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing combined with Papanicolaou (Pap) testing (cotesting) every 5 years. This combination strategy is a preventive service that is required by the Affordable Care Act to be covered with no cost-sharing by most health insurance plans. The cotesting recommendation was made based entirely on prospective data from an insured population that may have a lower proportion of women with HPV positive and Pap negative results (ie, discordant results). The discordant group represents a very difficult group to manage. If the frequency of discordant results among underserved women is higher, health care providers may perceive the cotesting strategy to be a less favorable screening strategy than traditional Pap testing every 3 years. Study Design The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Cervical Cancer Study was conducted at 15 clinics in 6 federally qualified health centers across Illinois. Providers at these clinics were given the option of cotesting for routine cervical cancer screening. Type-specific HPV detection was performed on residual extracts using linear array. Results Pap test results were abnormal in 6.0% and HPV was positive in 7.2% of the underserved women screened in this study (mean age, 45.1 years). HPV prevalence decreased with age, from 10.3% among 30- to 39-year-olds to 4.5% among 50- to 60-year-olds. About 5% of the women had a combination of a positive HPV test and normal Pap test results; HPV 16/18 was identified in 14% of discordant women. Conclusion The rate of discordant results among underserved women was similar to those reported throughout the US in a variety of populations. Typing for HPV 16/18 appears to assist in the management in a small proportion of women with discordant results.
Interpolation and extrapolation of smooth functions by linear operators

Let $C^{m , 1} ( \mathbb{R}^n)$ be the space of functions on $\mathbb{R}^n$ whose $m^{\sf th}$ derivatives are Lipschitz 1. For $E \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, let $C^{m , 1} (E)$ be the space of all restrictions to $E$ of functions in $C^{m,1} ( \mathbb{R}^n)$. We show that there exists a bounded linear operator $T: C^{m , 1} (E) \rightarrow C^{m , 1} ( \mathbb{R}^n)$ such that, for any $f \in C^{m , 1} ( E )$, we have $T f = f$ on $E$.
Effects of minoxidil on coronary collateral flow and acute myocardial injury following experimental coronary artery occlusion

Although vasodilators may improve left ventricular function when left ventricular failure develops in patients with acute myocardial infarction, their effect on the coronary collateral circulation and on infarct size is not well established. Accordingly, the effects of minoxidil, a potent coronary and peripheral vasodilator, on collateral blood flow and ischaemic damage following coronary occlusion were studied. In open-chest anaesthetised dogs, two 20 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery were carried out. Acute myocardial injury, as reflected by epicardial S-T segment elevation and regional myocardial blood flow, measured by the radio-labelled microsphere technique, were determined during each occlusion. Minoxidil (1 mg·kg−1) was administered before the second occlusion and reduced mean arterial pressure from 15.7 ± 0.5 to 9.3± 0.4kPa (118± 4 to 70± 3 mmHg). Regional myocardial blood flow to the nonischaemic zone rose from 91 ± 7 to 225 ± 36 cm3·min−1·100−1, while flow to the border and centre of the ischaemic zone fell significantly (from 48 ± 2 to 15 ± 2 and from 33 ± 5 to 6± 2 cm3·min−1 ·100 g−1, respectively). At the same time, myocardial ischaemic injury increased: mean S-T segment elevation (S-T) and the number of sites exhibiting S-T segment elevation increased from 2.6 ± 0.5 to 5.2± 0.5 mV and from 4.1 ± 0.5 to 7.0 ± 0.5 sites, respectively. Thus, although minoxidil increased regional myocardial blood flow to the normal myocardium, it further decreased flow to the ischaemic area and intensified ischaemic damage. The reduction of collateral flow may result not only from a fall in perfusion pressure but also from the decrease in coronary resistance in the normal myocardium, leading to a redistribution of coronary blood flow.
Drying oils from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylolcyclohexanol and linseed fatty acids

It has been found that TMC may be esterified readily with linseed acids when 10% excess of alcohol is used. The optimum temperature of esterification is 235°C. The esterification is greatly facilitated by the use of catalysts such as lead stearate, with which an acid number of seven may be obtained in eight hours. Zinc stearate and uranyl stearate are likewise good catalysts, not only for the esterification of TMC but also for the esterification of glycerol.
Nonlinear effects in the coupled response of tiles bonded to a plate

The coupled response to a large impulse on tiles bonded to a finite plate is studied. The analysis includes geometric nonlinearity born from boundary restraint in the plane, which stiffens the plate transversely. It also includes material nonlinearities born from plasticity of the plate’s material and from properties of a polymer bond including memory and dissipation. The equations of motion are solved by the Galerkin method using linearized eigenfunctions of the system as trial functions. A strip of plate which is one tile wide is modeled.
Maintenance of the DNA puff expanded state is independent of active replication and transcription

The maintenance of the expanded state of DNA puffs II/2B and II/9A in polytene chromosomes from stage 14×7 Sciara coprophila salivary glands was assayed after inhibition of RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, or both processes together. Heat shock conditions were established in order to inhibit transcription. Polypeptides of M r 72,000 and 36,000 were produced in Sciara after heat shock. The gene encoding the M r 72,000 polypeptide, the homolog of Drosophila hsp70, was cloned. In situ hybridization detected Sciara hsp70 at bands 4A and 17C on chromosome IV. Sciara hsp70 encodes a 2.3 kb heat shock mRNA. DNA puffs (e.g., DNA puffs 2B and 9A on chromosome II) remained fully expanded even after inhibition of transcription by heat shock or actinomycin D, or after inhibition of DNA replication by aphidicolin, or inhibition of both RNA synthesis and DNA synthesis together by actinomycin D plus aphidicolin. Therefore, maintenance of the DNA puff expanded state in Sciara does not require ongoing transcription and/or replication. Mechanisms for initiation and for maintenance of puffs (open chromatin structure) are discussed.
Everyday planning: An analysis of daily time management

We assessed planning, prioritization, and completion of daily activities for 88 college students. Subjects listed and prioritized their goals for the following day, and 2 days later, they reported their accomplishments. Subjects also defined “planning” in a short essay. Self-reported good and poor planners did not differ in the proportion of goals completed or in sensitivity to goal priority, but definitions of planning did differ.
Tamsulosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review of efficacy and adverse effects.

Purpose: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness and adverse effects of tamsulosin for lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic obstruction.Materials and Methods: Studies were included in analysis when they involved a randomized trial of at least 1 month in duration, men with lower urinary tract symptoms and a comparison of tamsulosin with placebo or an active control. Study, patient and outcome data were extracted onto standard forms using a prospective protocol.Results: Of the series 13 involving 3,418 men with a mean age of 64 years met our inclusion criteria. Study duration was 4 to 26 weeks. Baseline symptom scores and flow rates showed moderate lower urinary tract symptoms. Tamsulosin improved symptoms and peak urine flow compared with placebo. The weighted mean difference in the mean change from baseline for the Boyarsky symptom score for 0.4 and 0.8 mg. tamsulosin versus placebo was −1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.49 to −0.72 or 12% improvement) and −1.6 points (95%...
Molecular analysis of an occlusion body protein from Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV)

CUN085 is an occlusion body (OB) protein from the nucleopolyhedrovirus of Culex nigripalpus (CuniNPV). SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the CuniNPV OB protein is about 3 times the size (approximately 90 kDa) of characterized nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVs) and granulovirus OB proteins. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RNase protection assay, real-time PCR, and protein sequencing were used to characterize CUN085 from CuniNPV. RACE data revealed that the transcriptional start and termination sites for the CUN085 gene yielded a polypeptide comprised of 822 amino acids indicating that translation initiates within a larger 882 amino acid open reading frame that was originally predicted from the CuniNPV genome sequence. Transcription of CUN085 started at a consensus baculovirus late transcription start site TAAG at nucleotide position 75433 of the CuniNPV genome sequence. RNase protection assays and quantitative real-time PCR show that the CUN085 transcript is first detected in mosquito larvae at approximately 6 h after infection with CuniNPV and its prevalence increased progressively over the subsequent 18 h.
Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis: An unusual manner of presentation

An unusual clinical presentation of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis as a solitary nodule on the corneal endothelial surface at the superior limbus in association with granulomatous uveitis is reported. The patient had previous extracapsular cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and two subsequent YAG laser capsulotomies. The organism was grown from a microbiopsy of the nodule after a negative anterior chamber tap. The patient was treated with systemic antibiotics, his condition worsened, and the implant, lens capsule, and anterior vitreous were surgically removed. No additional organisms were found and there was no evidence of coexistent phacoanaphylaxis. The patient had no further inflammation and attained 20/25 aphakic vision.
Reconstruction of scalp wounds with exposed calvarium using a local flap and a split-thickness skin graft: case series of 20 patients.

Objectives To describe the design, execution, outcomes, and advantages of a combined flap and split-thickness skin graft reconstructive technique for the repair of wounds of the scalp with exposed bone after Mohs micrographic surgery. Materials and Methods An analysis of the combined flap and graft technique of 20 scalp defects ranging in size from 6.25 to 37.6 cm2 is provided. Surgical defects and patient characteristics are described. Follow-up information is reviewed, and complications and final aesthetic results are reported. Results Twenty patients with 20 tumors on the scalp (16 squamous cell carcinoma, 2 basal cell carcinoma, 1 Merkel cell carcinoma, and 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma) were treated using Mohs micrographic surgery. A combined flap and graft technique was successfully employed with good aesthetic outcomes in all 20 patients with broad scalp defects. One postoperative complication of approximately 20% skin graft necrosis was noted. One methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus postoperative wound infection occurred but resolved without sequelae with appropriate antibiotic treatment. Conclusion The described flap and graft reconstructive technique is a reproducible, one-stage procedure for the reconstruction of medium to large scalp defects with exposed bone, obviating the need for more-complicated, costly, time-consuming procedures. Limitations Small sample size, descriptive study.
Youthful Intoxication: A Cross-Cultural Study of Drinking Among German and American Adolescents

Objective: This study explores whether and what differences exist between German and American adolescents on levels of alcohol use and on measures of protective factors as well as risk factors with regard to alcohol use consonant with societal and cultural differences. Method: A series of negative binomial regression models of adolescent alcohol use is examined with data from Germany and the United States from the 2003 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs and Monitoring the Future. Results: Despite mean differences in drinking, findings emphasize the significance of deviant peers and perceived risks in both populations. Whereas deviant peers strongly mediate the effects of social bonds, perceived risk and opportunity influence other measures in the model only slightly. Several of the interaction terms used to assess cross-cultural variation are statistically significant. Conclusions: Empirically, the current results lend support to the cross-cultural generalizability of the applied cr...
Organizational Responses to Negative Evaluation by External Stakeholders The Role of Organizational Identity Characteristics in Organizational Response Formulation

The authors offer a framework based on the stakeholder, organizational identity, and strategic response literatures to specify how organizational identity influences an organization’s responses to ...
Effects of indomethacin on renal inner medullary plasma flow

Abstract The effects of the prostaglandin system on renal hemodynamics were studied by treating rats with a single intraperitoneal dose of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Medullary plasma flow was significantly reduced 30–45 minutes after indomethacin, but was elevated 3–6 hours after indomethacin. These changes in medullary plasma flow correlated well with circulating levels of prostaglandins A and E. Total renal blood flow decreased following indomethacin treatment, but returned to normal levels within an hour. These results indicate that the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis following a single intraperitoneal dose of indomethacin is short-lived and is followed by a significant elevation in prostaglandin synthesis. It is likely that prostaglandin levels play an important role in the control of renal medullary plasma flow.
Examining the unique relationships between anxiety disorders and childhood physical and sexual abuse in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication

Research has accumulated over the past several years demonstrating a relationship between childhood abuse and anxiety disorders. Extant studies have generally suffered from a number of methodological limitations, including low sample sizes and without controlling for psychiatric comorbidity and parental anxiety. In addition, research has neglected to examine whether the relationships between anxiety disorders and childhood abuse are unique to physical abuse as opposed to sexual abuse and vice versa. The current study sought to examine the unique relationships between anxiety disorders and childhood physical and sexual abuse using data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. Participants (n=4141) completed structured interviews from which data on childhood abuse history, lifetime psychiatric history, parental anxiety, and demographics were obtained. After controlling for depression, other anxiety disorders, and demographic variables, unique relationships were found between childhood sexual abuse and social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); in contrast, physical abuse was only associated with PTSD and specific phobia (SP). Further, among women, analyses revealed that physical abuse was uniquely associated with PTSD and SP, while sexual abuse was associated with SAD, PD, and PTSD. Among men, both sexual and physical abuse were uniquely associated with SAD and PTSD. Findings provide further evidence of the severe consequences of childhood abuse and help inform etiological accounts of anxiety disorders. Language: en
Hybrid synthesis of the optimal discrete nonlinear filter

It has been known for many years that an optimal discrete nonlinear filter may be synthesized for systems whose plant dynamics, sensor characteristics and signal statistics are known by applying Bayes' Rule to sequentially update the conditional probability density function from the latest data. However, it was not until 1969 that a digital computer algorithm implementing the theory for a one-state variable one-step predictor appeared in the literature. This delay and the continuing scarcity of multidimensional nonlinear filters result from the overwhelming computational task which leads to unrealistic data processing times. For many nonlinear filtering problems analog and digital computers (a hybrid computation) combine to yield a higher data rate than can be obtained by con¬ventional digital methods. This paper describes an implementation of the theory by means of a hybrid computer algorithm for the optimal nonlinear one-step predictor. The hybrid computer algorithm presented reduces the overall solutio...
Kinetically balanced geometric Gaussian basis set calculations for relativistic many-electron atoms with finite nuclear size

Abstract We have performed Dirac-Fock atomic structure calculations on many-electron atoms using kinetically balanced, geometric Gaussian basis sets. Our results show that “variational collapse” or bound failure does not occur even at Z=86. Furthermore, with a finite-size nuclear model, we obtain results close to the relativistic Hartree-Fock limit, with a smooth convergence from above. This opens up the possibility of optimisation of exponents in Gaussian basis set calculations within the Dirac-Fock approach for many-electron atoms.
Modelling the Shallow Water Equations in Curvilinear Coordinates with Physical Application

The goal of this project is to provide the capability for simulating fluid flow on complicated geometries, such as in the Bahia de Todos Santos. The Bahia de Todos Santos is a bay situated in the northwest corner of Mexico, off the coast of Ensenada and south of San Diego, California, USA. Figure 1.1 shows the Bahia de Todos Santos. It is part of an image taken from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Aqua and Terra satellites in late June and early July 2003 [8]. Roughly 200 square kilometers in size, the bay also contains two islands off the peninsula of Punta Banda. Characteristics of flow in this bay are driven by the moon tide (M2) and wind forcing [9].
Bioreactors: Design and Operation

The bioreactor provides a central link between the starting feedstock and the product. The reaction yield and selectivity are determined by the biocatalyst, but productivity is often determined by the process technology; as a consequence, biochemical reaction engineering becomes the interface for the biologist and engineer. Developments in bioreactor design, including whole cell immobilization, immobilized enzymes, continuous reaction, and process control, will increasingly reflect the need for cross-disciplinary interaction in the biochemical process industry.
Relationship of Sex Role to Male- and Female-Dominated Professions:

Sex role, its assessment and relationship to other aspects of personality, is of current topical interest. An instrument (1) categorizes people into one of four sex roles, androgynous, masculine, feminine, or undifferentiated. Researchers have attempted to relate these sex roles to a number of personaliry variables such as self-esteem, flexibiliry, and independence ( 2 ) . The present study focused upon sex role as related to a major life interest, career choice. Within the university, e.g., nursing and education attran a disproportionate number of women who seek a terminal degree and mathematics, chemistry, and physics have been primarily chosen by men. It was hypothesized that persons who enter a discipline in which the opposite sex dominates and achieve success, as evidenced by an advanced degree and full-time employment, would be more likely to possess traits associated with the opposite sex and be categorized as androgynous more often than persons who enter fields in which their own sex predominates. The Bem Sex-role Inventory was sent to all faculty members at a state university in disciplines meeting the following two criteria, ( a ) 60% or more of the people employed in that field were one sex and ( b ) 60% or more of the degrees in that field were conferred to members of one sex. By these criteria, biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and business administration were designated male-dominated fields; nursing, education, and fine arts were female-dominated fields. Forty-two persons completed and rerurned the questionnaires including 29 males, 13 in female-dominated disciplines and 16 in disciplines traditionally chosen by men with an age range of 30 to 64 yr., and 3 8 females, 21 in female-dominated disciplines and 17 in male-dominated fields with an age range of 25 to 58 yr. All participants were of a Caucasian American ethnic background. Masculine and feminine scores were computed for each participant. Median values of 5.30 and 5.10 on the masculine scale and 4.55 and 4.82 on the feminine scale a-ere obtained for males and females, respectively. Using the median split ( 1 ) each participant was placed into one of the four sex-role categories. Chi-squared tests on these four categories were computed for each sex in maleand female-dominated disciplines. A value of 6.41 ($ < .05, df = 3 ) indicated a significant difference for males in female-dominated disciplines with a majority categorized as androgynous as hypothesized. As expected, no significant differences were found for males in male-dominated fields and females in female-dominated fields. However, females in male-dominated professions were not more likely to be androgynous as had been hypothesized. While only 18% of these women were androgynous, 41% were categorized as masculine. It appears that males who succeed in female-dominated professions are in fact more likely to integrate feminine personality attributes with their masculinity. However, women who have risen to the top of a male-dominated field do not show a similar trend.
DEFICIENT NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Abstract Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy is a disease of uncertain aetiology in which viral and immune factors are postulated to be of importance. Natural killer cells mediate natural resistance to viral infections and certain tumours. To evaluate natural killer (NK) activity in patients with cardiomyopathy, circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 16 patients, from 54 normal blood donors, and from 14 patients with heart failure due to other causes (primarily coronary disease). NK activity was assessed as a lymphocyte to target cell ratio causing 50% killing (L/T 50 ). L/T 50 in normals was 17·2±11·4. A normal L/T 50 distribution was also noted in heart failure controls (L/T 50 =19·6±9·9) and 8/16 cardiomyopathy patients (L/T 50 =17·5±9·5). NK activity was deficient (L/T 50 ≽50) in 8/16 patients with cardiomyopathy but in only 2/54 normals (p
Leptin receptor deficiency confers resistance to behavioral effects of fluoxetine and desipramine via separable substrates

Depression is a complex, heterogeneous mental disorder. Currently available antidepressants are only effective in about one-third to one-half of all patients. The mechanisms underlying antidepressant response and treatment resistance are poorly understood. Recent clinical evidence implicates the involvement of leptin in treatment response to antidepressants. In this study, we determined the functional role of the leptin receptor (LepRb) in behavioral responses to the selective serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine and the noradrenergic antidepressant desipramine. While acute and chronic treatment with fluoxetine or desipramine in wild-type mice elicited antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, mice null for LepRb (db/db) displayed resistance to treatment with either fluoxetine or desipramine. Fluoxetine stimulated phosphorylation of Akt(Thr308) and GSK-3β(Ser9) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of wild-type mice but not in db/db mice. Desipramine failed to induce measurable changes in Akt, GSK-3β or ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus and PFC, as well as hypothalamus of either genotype of mice. Deletion of LepRb specifically from hippocampal and cortical neurons resulted in fluoxetine insensitivity in the forced swim test and tail suspension test while leaving the response to desipramine intact. These results suggest that functional LepRb is critically involved in regulating the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of both fluoxetine and desipramine. The antidepressant effects of fluoxetine but not desipramine are dependent on the presence of functional LepRb in the hippocampus and cortex.
Self-Assembly of a Two-Dimensional Superlattice of Molecularly Linked Metal Clusters

Close-packed planar arrays of nanometer-diameter metal clusters that are covalently linked to each other by rigid, double-ended organic molecules have been self-assembled. Gold nanocrystals, each encapsulated by a monolayer of alkyl thiol molecules, were cast froma colloidal solution onto a flat substrate to form a close-packed cluster monolayer. Organic interconnects (aryl dithiols or aryl di-isonitriles) displaced the alkyl thiol molecules and covalently linked adjacent clusters in the monolayer to form a two-dimensional superlattice of metal quantum dots coupled by uniform tunnel junctions. Electrical conductance through such a superlattice of 3.7-nanometer-diameter gold clusters, deposited on a SiO2 substrate in the gap between two gold contacts and linked by an aryl di-isonitrile [1,4-di(4-isocyanophenylethynyl)-2-ethylbenzene], exhibited nonlinear Coulomb charging behavior.
Measurement of the temperature-dependent refractive index and relative photoelastic constant of zinc sulfide

High quality measurements of the refractive index of Cleartran Zinc Sulfide at different temperatures over a wide frequency range are reported. The simplest expression of temperature dependence is the derivative of refractive index with respect to temperature, i.e. the thermo-optic coefficient. A convenient method for determining refractive index is measuring constructive or destructive interference between surfaces of a thick lamina that produce transmission peaks. Such transmittance measurements, made at several temperatures, along with knowledge of the sample thickness provide a comprehensive picture of the temperature-dependent refractive index. Results from these measurements show that ZnS has a dn/dT between 3x10-5 and 5.5x10-5 depending on temperature and wavelength. In addition, photoelastic measurements on both thin and thick samples in the visible and mid-IR region show ZnS to have a relative photoelastic constant of about 1.2x10-11m2/N.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Determinants of Municipal Debt Policy: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis

Cities have started to rely more on debt in recent decades, in large part in response to changes occurring externally. In this paper the authors analyze the impact of important social, political, a...
Deferoxamine inhibition of Cr(V)-mediated radical generation and deoxyguanine hydroxylation: ESR and HPLC evidence.

Abstract Electron spin resonance (ESR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were utilized to investigate the effect of deferoxamine on free radical generation in the reaction of Cr(V) with H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides. ESR measurements demonstrated that deferoxamine can efficiently reduce the concentration of the Cr(V) intermediate as formed in the reduction of Cr(VI) by NAD(P)H or a flavoenzyme glutathione reductase/NADH. ESR spin trapping studies showed that deferoxamine also inhibits Cr(V)-mediated ·OH radical generation from H2O2, as well as Cr(V)-mediated alkyl and alkoxy radical formation from t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide. HPLC measurements showed that ·OH radicals generated by the Cr(VI)/flavoenzyme/ NAD(P)H enzymatic system react with 2′-deoxyguanine to form 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG), a DNA damage marker. Deferoxamine effectly inhibited the formation of 8-OHdG also.
Synthesis of stable hydrazones of a hydrazinonicotinyl-modified peptide for the preparation of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.

Hydrazones of a 6-hydrazinonicotinyl-modified cyclic peptide IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist were prepared in order to protect the hydrazine moiety from reaction with trace aldehyde and ketone impurities encountered during the process of manufacturing and compounding lyophilized kits used in radiolabeling with 99mTc. Hydrazones were prepared by either a direct reaction of the 6-hydrazinonicotinyl-modified cyclic peptide with carbonyl compounds or by conjugation of the cyclic peptide with hydrazones of succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate. Stability of the hydrazones was evaluated by treatment with formaldehyde. Hydrazones derived from simple aliphatic aldehydes underwent an exchange reaction with formaldehyde, while hydrazones of aromatic aldehydes and ketones provided the greatest level of stability when challenged with formaldehyde. We have been successful in protecting 6-hydrazinonicotinyl-modified cyclic peptides from reacting with formaldehyde, while still allowing sufficient reactivity for radiolabeling ...
Femtosecond time-resolved thermomodulation of thin gold films with different crystal structures

A femtosecond laser is used to generate and probe hot electrons in polycrystalline and single-crystalline thin gold films. Transient thermoreflectivity and thermotransmissivity for different heating-laser-pulse fluences are performed. Analysis of the transient thermotransmissivity and thermoreflectivity signals allows us to resolve the modulation to the real and the imaginary parts of the dielectric constant. The latter is found to be dominant at our probe wavelength. The hot-electron energy-loss lifetime is shown to be 1--3 ps and increases with the laser fluence. For film thickness comparable to the optical skin depth, the transient decay time of the reflectivity and of the transmissivity are equal, with the polycrystalline films showing a slightly faster decay time. For thicker films, hot-electron transport to the bulk of the film gives a faster transient-reflectivity decay. Electron transport is slower in the polycrystalline films.
Scaled Attitudes of College Freshmen Reflecting Their Competencies in Reading, Mathematics, and Compositional Practice.

This study tried to identify the attitudes of a beginning freshman class relating to five concepts, my reading ability, my mathematics ability, my ability to write compositions, myself, and Morehea...
Two-dimensional ferromagnetism of ultra-thin artificial vanadium films

Abstract Artificial ultra-thin (1–7 monolayers) films of V (100)p(1 × 1) on Ag(100) are studied by electron capture spectroscopy and found to be ferromagnetic, with a surface Curie temperature TCs depending on film thickness. The critical behavior of the magnetization of the topmost layer is found to be identical to that of the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet.
TH-C-220-11: Interplay of Radiobiological Parameters in BED Calculations for a Linear-Quadratic-Linear Model

Purpose: In the framework of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT),dose per fraction larger than 2Gy have become more common, challenging the applicability of the linear‐quadratic (LQ) model. Several authors have proposed ways to modify the LQ model to make it linear at large doses per fraction. Qualitatively, the modification implies a reduction of biological effect with respect of the standard LQ model for large doses. The purpose of this work is to quantitatively study the effect of the survival curve linearization at high doses for BED calculation relevant to prostate and lungSBRT. Method: We use a previously published linear‐quadratic‐linear model (LQL) to calculate BEDLQL and the equivalent dose in 2Gy fractions EQD2 for several clinically used fractionation schemes of prostate and lungcancer. The LQL model adds a parameter delta that makes the survival curve linear at high doses and is estimated to be 0.05–0.2Gy‐1. We compare BED and EQD2 for the LQ and LQL models. Results: For prostate cancer if alpha/beta=1.5–3Gy the difference in EQD2 between the LQ and LQL is 5 to 10% for cases with delta=0.2Gy‐1 and moderate dose per fraction d=3–4.3Gy. For extreme hypofractionation the effect is more pronounced with differences of up to 35% in EQD2. For the lungcancerSBRT, the BEDLQL for doses of 10‐12Gy is 3–25% smaller than BEDLQ with alpha/beta=10Gy while even bigger differences ranging from 10 to 40% are possible for normal tissues alpha/beta=3Gy. Conclusions: There is a clear interplay of the alpha/beta ratio and the parameter delta in terms of BED and EQD2 calculations for different fractionations. The impact of the parameter delta is significantly higher for low alpha/beta ratios. This is particularly important for the case of prostate cancer where a large value of delta (0.2Gy‐1 or so) could bring EQD2 below acceptable therapeutic.
Antiplane dynamic problem for anisotropic bodies with cavities and cracks

We have reduced the antiplane dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity for an anisotropic body with cavities and cracks to the problem for a certain isotropic material. For the case of an incident harmonic wave, we have studied the steady-state vibrations of an orthotropic body with cracks.
Density forecasting through disaggregation

Abstract In this paper, the revised expectations model (REM) is developed to incorporate economic agents’ price expectation formation effects. With this incorporation, two models, an aggregate one sector model and a disaggregated multi-sector model, are estimated and used in density forecasting of the US real GDP growth rate. The experiment shows that use of the disaggregated version of the model, which incorporates price expectation effects along with modern Bayesian MCMC estimation and prediction techniques, produces more precise density forecasts than those yielded by either an aggregate version or benchmark forecasting models.
Nephrotic Range Proteinuria With “Minimal Change Glomerulopathy” in Human Renal Allografts: Report of Four Cases

Four patients who received renal allografts developed nephrotic range proteinuria 2 to 16 months after renal transplantation. Twenty-four-hour urine protein excretion at the time of renal allograft biopsy ranged from 5.9 to 17.0 g/24 hours. The serum creatinine at the time of renal allograft biopsy ranged from 2.0 to 3.9 mg/dL (180 to 350 μmol/L). Biopsies of the allografts demonstrated minimal glomerular abnormalities by light microscopy, immunomicroscopy, and electron microscopy. Two biopsies exhibited severe interstitial fibrosis. These four cases illustrate the unusual finding of "minimal change glomerulopathy" in renal allograft recipients exhibiting nephrotic range proteinuria. All four patients progressed to dialysis 4, 36, 46, and 53 months after transplantation. Transplant nephrectomy was performed in three patients. One showed acute cortical necrosis. Two showed glomerular, vascular, and tubular-interstitial features of chronic rejection.
Ab initio and RRKM study of the reaction of ClO with HOCO radicals.

The reaction pathways for the ClO + HOCO reaction have been explored using the coupled-cluster method to locate and optimize the critical points on the ground-state potential-energy surface. Results show that the ClO + HOCO reaction can produce Cl + HOC(O)O, HOCl + CO2, HCl + CO3, and HClO + CO2 via an addition or a direct hydrogen abstraction reaction mechanism. The reaction kinetics has been studied using the variational RRKM theory. It is found that the ClO + HOCO reaction is fast and has a negative temperature dependence at low temperatures. At room temperature, the thermal rate coefficient is obtained as 4.26 × 10−12 cm3 molecules−1 s−1 with product branching fractions of Cl (0.518), HOCl (0.469), HCl (0.01), and HClO (0.003) at zero pressure. The Cl + HOC(O)O products are major, compared to the HOCl + CO2 products, because of the loose transition state along the dissociation pathway to eliminate Cl. In addition, the RRKM/master equation simulations indicate that the stabilization of the HOC(O)OCl in...
Antitumor agents. 180. Chemical Studies and cytotoxic evaluation of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, antileukemic triterpene glucosides with a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton.

Treatment of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, which possess a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton, with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH 2 Cl 2 yielded new triterpene glucosides. Cumingianoside A (1) gave 10 and 11, along with cumingianoside Q (5). The structures of 10 and 11 were determined on the basis of spectral examination and contained a dammar-13(17)-ene and a 17(R),23(R)-epoxydammarane skeleton, respectively. Cumingianoside C (2) afforded, together with cumingianoside P (6), products 12 and 13, which were similar to 10 and 11, respectively. With a short reaction time at room temperature, cumingianoside E (3) yielded cumingianoside D (4). In contrast, when 3 was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH 2 Cl 2 overnight at 5 °C, it gave two products, 9 and 14. Extensive spectroscopic examination revealed that 9 possessed a dammar-12-ene skeleton, while 14 was a pentacyclic tetranortriterpene glucoside with a novel skeleton. Cumindysoside A (8) gave a product (15) similar to 14. The cytotoxicities of 9-15 were evaluated against a panel of 58 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 11-15 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with log GI 50 values ranging from -7.11 to -4.94, especially against leukemia and colon-tumor cell lines
Communication between sagebrush and wild tobacco in the field

Abstract Communication between plants has not been widely accepted by most ecologists. However, recent field experiments indicated that wild tobacco plants became more resistant to herbivores when grown in close proximity to clipped sagebrush neighbors. Tobacco plants grown within 15 cm of sagebrush that had been either manually clipped with scissors or damaged by herbivores experienced less naturally occurring folivory than tobacco plants with unclipped neighbors. These results were consistent over five field seasons and involved treatments that were randomly assigned and well replicated. Associated with lower levels of herbivory were increased activities of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco foliage near clipped sagebrush neighbors. Experiments that blocked either air or soil contact between sagebrush and tobacco indicated that the communication was airborne rather than soilborne. Alternative explanations involving altered microenvironmental conditions or avoidance of clipped sagebrush by herbivores were not supported. Much remains to be learned about the natural history of this phenomenon. Apparently the plants must be in close proximity for communication to occur. Preliminary results suggest that communication between sagebrush and other plants may also occur. The mechanisms of communication as well as its ecological and evolutionary significance remain unknown.
The structure of nitrous oxide tetramer from near infrared laser spectroscopy

Abstract High resolution infrared spectroscopy has been used in conjunction with ab initio calculations to determine for the first time the structure of the nitrous oxide tetramer. We observe a non-planar structure in which all four molecules are approximately parallel. The high symmetry of this system makes the spectral assignment straightforward. In fact, the ab initio calculations and experiment indicate that this system is very nearly a spherical top with rotational constants A ″ = B ″ = 0.0248 cm −1 and A ′ = B ′ = 0.02495 cm −1 . The C rotational constant can only be roughly estimated to be 0.02 cm −1 from the relative intensities of the Q and P, R branches observed in this C -type band.
Evaluation and treatment of the newborn with epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skin diseases characterized by increased skin fragility and variable degrees of extracutaneous involvement. The clinical spectrum ranges from localized skin disease to a life-threatening and disabling disease with extensive extracutaneous involvement. All four major types of EB, namely EB simplex, Junctional EB, Dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome, can present with blistering and erosions at birth and cannot be distinguished clinically in the newborn period. The extensive differential diagnosis of blistering and erosions in the neonate must be considered and common etiologies ruled out. The diagnosis of EB can be confirmed via a skin biopsy for immunoflourescence mapping. This review discusses the four major subtypes of EB and their associated extracutaneous features. The evaluation of a newborn suspected of having EB, including diagnosis and management, is also reviewed.
A Longitudinal Study of Persisting and Nonpersisting Teachers' Academic and Personal Characteristics.

Abstract This longitudinal study was designed to compare the academic and personal characteristics of teacher candidates who persist and do not persist through teacher preparation and the early years of teaching. The candidates' (N = 551) characteristics were collected upon commencement of teacher preparation; 7 years later the candidates were classified by degree of persistence as follows: (a) not certified as teachers, (b) certified but not teaching, (c) part-time teachers, and (d) full-time teachers. The candidates' gender, major, initial assurance about teaching, and time at which they decided to become teachers were found to be associated with their degree of persistence; their level of academic aptitude, basic academic skills, and expected effectiveness as future teachers were found not to be associated with their degree of persistence. Relationships between these findings and findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of teacher attrition are discussed, and implications for effective teacher re...
Lithium's inhibition of erythrocyte cation countertransport involves a slow process in the erythrocyte.

Chronic administration of lithium (Li+) to human subjects results in reduction of Li+/Na+ countertransport in their erythrocytes (RBC). The time course of development of inhibition is much slower than one would expect for an immediate effect of Li+ on the RBC membrane. Possible explanations include pharmacokinetic delays, a mediating humoral agent, and a slow process in the RBC. To discriminate among these possibilities, we incubated human RBC in sterile culture by the method of Freedman (Freedman, J. C. 1983J. Membrane Biol.75:225–231), which permits much longer incubations than other methods.