cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benign and Malignant Lipogenic Tumors of the Retropharyngeal Space

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery Vol.2 No.1 Issue 1 (Jan-Jun 2011) 22-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v2i1.6781
The potential energy surface of the ground state of carbon dioxide

Abstract Ab initio calculations elucidating the structure and the ring opening process of the cyclic CO2 isomer are reported. An accurate electronic wavefunction is obtained by including all 16 valence electrons in the FORS model consisting of MCSCF calculations in the full space of all possible symmetry-restricted (C2v) configurations of the valence orbital space. An extended basis set with polarization functions on carbon and oxygen is used. The evaluation of the entire C2v restricted potential energy surface of the 1A′ ground state reveals the existence of a metastable cyclic carbene type species corresponding to a local minimum 137.6 kcal mol−1 above the linear total minimum.
Initial Results with Preoperative Tattooing of Biopsied Axillary Lymph Nodes and Correlation to Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients

Background Pretreatment evaluation of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) and marking of biopsied nodes in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer is becoming routine practice. We sought to test tattooing of biopsied ALNs with a sterile black carbon suspension (Spot™). The intraoperative success of identifying tattooed ALNs and their concordance to sentinel nodes was determined.
A Textbook Case: Design, Housekeeping, and Labor

ABSTRACTHotel housekeeping is a designed managerial process that relies on an orchestrated system of workflows. A close analysis of housekeeping textbooks, created for future managers who take courses in hotel management, reveals that the design of housekeeping labor is integral to the industry. These design processes are also indicative of other types of design issues that are critical at hotels, such as the maintenance of what guests perceive as clean and meticulous interior spaces. The article concludes with a study of competitions staged by the industry to promote the importance of good housekeeping techniques. These “games” expose the problematic nature of these highly designed and often unfair labor practices.
Anti-idiotype induced protection against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C bacteremia.

Abstract We have developed a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, designated 6F9, which acts as the surrogate image of the meningococcal group C capsular polysaccharide (MCP). Murine immunization with 6F9 results in a T-dependent anti-MCP antibody response. To examine the protective nature of the antibody response elicited by 6F9 we performed a series of live challenge studies using a murine model for meningococcal infection in which mice were iron dextran treated and challenged with 10 × LD50 of meningococcal group C strain 35E. Adult BALB/c mice immunized with 6F9 had a 100% survival and a significantly reduced level of bacteremia at 24 h. Mice immunized with MCP had an 80% survival rate, all survivors were bacteremic at 24 h. Neonatal mice primed within 24 h of birth and immunized at 4 weeks of age with 6F9 had a 100% survival and cleared their bacteremia by 8 h, which was significantly faster than the MCP primed and immunized mice. Neonatal mice primed with 6F9 and challenged at 5 weeks of age had a survival rate of 90% which was significantly higher than mice primed with MCP and the control group (60% and 50% survival, respectively). Mice primed at birth and immunized at 8 days had a 100% survival and 90% of these mice had sterile blood cultures by 8 h. Mice primed and immunized with MCP all remained bacteremic at 24 h. These data indicate that the anti-Id 6F9 which mimics the capsular polysaccharide of group C meningococci is capable of inducing protective immunity in immunologically mature as well as immature animals.
Comparison of behavioral effects of nicotine, d-amphetamine, caffeine and dimethylheptyl tetrahydrocannabinol in squirrel monkeys.

The effects in squirrel monkeys of nicotine, d-amphetamine, caffeine and dimethylheptyl tetrahydrocannabinol have been examined in three standard behavioral procedures: Fixed Interval, Fixed Ratio and Continuous Shock Avoidance, and two procedures developed to test neuromuscular performance: Physical Activity and Steadiness. Nicotine increased responding in the first half of Fixed Intervals and in Continuous Avoidance; d-amphetamine increased responding under all procedures except Physical Activity; caffeine increased responding under all procedures except Fixed Ratio and DMHP increased responding under all procedures except Continuous Avoidance, where responding was reduced. Nicotine and d-amphetamine caused disruption in the Physical Activity procedure. Thus the different procedures revealed different aspects of the behavioral effects of the drugs. Findings are consistent with interpretation that it is the temporal pattern of the responding under the different procedures that is the dominant factor in determining the behavioral effects of the drugs.
Hearing aid outcomes for listeners with high-frequency hearing loss.

Purpose To determine whether listeners with primarily high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (HF SNHL) perceived benefit from amplification provided by completely-in-the-canal (CIC) hearing aids...
Down Syndrome: Imaging of Multiorgan Involvement

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) has many manifestations that affect multiple organ systems, and we describe the wide array of imaging findings. Common cardiovascular and gastrointestinal entities are congenital heart disease (atrioventricular canal), bowel atresias (duodenal and anal), and Hirschsprungs disease. Children with Down syndrome have an 18-20 fold increased incidence of leukemia. Pulmonary hypoplasia, lung cysts, and pig bronchus (origin of the right upper lobe bronchus from the trachea) have been described. Neurologic findings include mineralizing vasculopathy of the basal ganglia, Moyamoya disease, and cerebellar/vermian hypoplasia. Musculoskeletal manifestations are numerous and include eleven ribs, hypersegmented sternum, abnormal pelvis, joint laxity/dislocations, and DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip). Of special importance is the "triple jeopardy" of the upper cervical spine (atlanoaxial subluxation, hypoplastic posterior arch of Cl, and atlantooccipital instability) and the resulting c...
Retention and release of metals by soils — Evaluation of several models

Several kinetic models, including irreversible and reversible 1st, 2nd, and nth order models, and several equilibrium models, including the linear, Langmuir, two-surface Langmuir, and Freundlich models, were evaluated for their ability to describe the retention/release of Cr, Cd, and Hg by various soils. The retention/release data were obtained using a batch reaction method. In general, no single-reaction kinetic model fit the data over the entire time and concentration ranges studied for any of the metals or soils. The relationship between the amount of metal retained by the soil and the concentration of metal in solution was described by either the two-surface Langmuir or Freundlich models. A significiant fraction of the metals retained by the soil was not released to solution and was not exchangeable, indicating that some irreversible retention of the metals occurred. The results suggest that a multi-reaction model consisting of irreversible and reversible kinetic models is needed to fit all the data.
Effects of solutes on the thermal stability of nanotwinned materials

Nanoscale twins form in many metallic materials, especially those with low stacking fault energy. Their presence can significantly enhance the strength of a material. However, nanotwins are unstable and can be annihilated, e.g. by thermal annealing. We present the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which demonstrate that additions of solutes can significantly stabilize nanotwinned structures. The MD simulations reveal that the mechanism of the solute drag on the twin boundary may be associated not with the solute segregation on the incoherent twin boundary (ITB), but rather with changing of the ITB shape or position to accommodate as many solutes as possible.
Inhibitor of catecholamine-induced free fatty acid mobilization from the calf midbrain

Abstract A substance which inhibits free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization has been isolated from the calf midbrain. The inhibitor suppressed norepinephrine-induced FFA mobilization in adipose tissue slices, and the isolated fat cell preparation: theophylline-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue also was inhibited. Simultaneous infusion of norepinephrine and inhibitor in the dog suppressed FFA mobilization and the rise in blood pressure associated with norepinephrine. The inhibitor action on FFA mobilization and on blood pressure was reversible. A parallelism existed between the time of exposure to the inhibitor and the extent of inhibition. Addition of inhibitor at varying time intervals during norepinephrine induced FFA release revealed that inhibition could occur at any time during the mobilization process. A procedure is presented for the purification of the midbrain inhibitor. Some properties of the purified preparation are discussed.
Imaging friction tracks at diamond surfaces using reflection electron microscopy.

Reflection electron microscopy (REM) is applied to image the structure of polished natural diamond (001) surfaces (of 5 × 4 mm size) after friction experiments under a pressure below the critical value. Friction tracks marked by a diamond needle after a single pass movement under a pressure of 13 GPa can be seen in REM images and show non-uniform contrast. The surface shows relatively dark image contrast at the light contacted area, which is possibly due to the structural modification at the top atomic layer. The high local contacting pressure pushes part of the needle into the surface which causes fracture, resulting in the formation of grooves at the surface. It is possible to have plastic deformation in this process, but no evidence has been found for the presence of cracking. The observations support the adhesion frictional mechanism rather than the micro-cleavage model.
Opinion change and the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction

Abstract Aronson and Linder 1965 demonstrated that a gain in esteem resulted in greater liking for an evaluator than did constant positive esteem. Similarly, a loss in esteem lead to less liking for the evaluator than did invariate negative esteem. The present experiment attempted to apply these findings to the area of opinion change. Our hypothesis was that the greatest amount of agreement with the communicator would be produced by a communicator who had previously expressed a gain in esteem for the recipient. The extent of agreement would be next highest in the case of constant positive esteem, followed by invariate negative esteem, with loss in esteem producing the least agreement. The results supported the hypothesis.
The fecundity of folkloric space: Revising hierarchies in Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men and Lydia Cabrera's Cuentos negros de Cuba

AbstractThis article looks briefly at differences between oral and literate cultures, discusses the personal positionality and institutional authority of Zora Neale Hurston and Lydia Cabrera vis-a-vis their Afro-New World folk stories, and then focuses on a comparative reading of three tropes present in both Hurston's Mules and Men (1935) and Cabrera's Cuentos negros de Cuba (1936, 1940). In their creation myths, stories of the struggle for gender dominance, and trickster stories, Hurston and Cabrera use the folkloric space outside of the modern geopolitical space of the nation as a place to deconstruct and reconstruct hierarchies, creating the possibility for speaking new identities and new worlds into being, thus denying the paradigms of identity articulated and enforced by official culture. The properties of this folkloric space allow for new identities to be formed, in which the radical othering of the African in the New World is replaced by more inclusive paradigms.
Metabolism of α-naphthylthiourea by rat liver and rat lung microsomes

α-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) is metabolized by rat liver and lung microsomes to α-naphthylurea (ANU) and atomic sulfur. A portion of the atomic sulfur formed in this reaction covalently binds to macromolecules of the liver and lung microsomes. Approximately half the atomic sulfur bound to the liver and lung microsomes appears to have reacted with cysteine side chains of the microsomal proteins to form a hydrodisulfide. The loss of cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activity seen on incubation of liver microsomes with ANTU is likely the result of the covalent binding of atomic sulfur to cytochrome P-450. The available evidence suggests that the pulmonary toxicity of ANTU results, at least in part, from the covalent binding of a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase catalyzed metabolite of ANTU to pulmonary macromolecules. This metabolite is most likely atomic sulfur or alternatively, one containing the carbonyl carbon of ANTU. However, it is possible that the binding of both metabolites may be responsible for the lung toxicity.
IκB kinase-α and -β genes are coexpressed in adult and embryonic tissues but localized to different human chromosomes

Abstract Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is regulated by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of its inhibitory factor IκB. Very recently, two closely related serine/threonine kinases have been identified as IκB kinases which are essential for IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Here, we isolated the full-length human cDNA clones encoding these two IκB kinases, IKK-α and IKK-β. Both polypeptides contain a conserved amino-terminal kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif and a helix–loop–helix domain at their carboxyl terminus. We showed that IKK-α and IKK-β were coexpressed in most human adult tissues as well as in different developmental stages of mouse embryos, suggesting that they may cooperate in the cells. The IKK-α and IKK-β genes are distinct but evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, the IKK-α gene locus was mapped to human chromosome 10q24, whereas the IKK-β gene locus was localized to human chromosome 8p11.2. These results indicated that both genes are not clustered on the same chromosome; nevertheless, both genes may be still regulated similarly during development and in adult tissues.
The Aymara of Western Bolivia: III. Occlusion, Pathology, and Characteristics of the Dentition

With the objective of contributing to the understanding of factors influencing the characteristics of dentition, dental observations from 429 children and adult highland people of western Bolivia are described. Various age, sex, ethnic, and village differences are observed in malocclusion, dental caries, periodontal disease, dental morphology, and anomalies. The findings revealed a population with relatively good occlusion, low frequency of dental pathology, and dental characteristics in part consistent with those of other similar Amerindian populations.
Unmanned vehicle technology for networked non-line-of-sight sensing applications

ABSTRACT We discuss the development, design, implementation, and de monstration of a robotic UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle) system for networked and non-line-of-sight sensing applica tions. Our development team is comprised of AFRL Summer Interns, University Faculty, and Personne l from AFRL. The system concept is based on a previously published technique known as Dual-UAV Tandems for Indirect Operator-Assisted Control [1]. This architecture is based on simulating a Mini-UAV Helicopter with a building-mounted camera and simulating a low-flying QuadRotor Helicopter with a Robotics UGV. The Robotics UGV is fitted with a custom-designed sensor boom and a surrogate chem/bio (Carbon Monoxide) PCB sensor extracted from a COTS (Commercial- Off-The-Shelf) product. The CO Sensor apparatus is co-designed with the sensor boom and is fitted with a transparent covering for protection and to promote CO (surrogate chem/bio) flow onto the sensor.The philosophy behind this non-line-of-sight system is to rela y video of the UGV to an Operator station for purposes of investigating Indirect Operator-Assisted Control of the UGV via observation of the relayed EO video at the operator station. This would serve as a sensor fusion, giving the operator visual cues of the chemical under detection, enabling him to position the UGV in areas of higher concentration. We re corded this data, and analyzed the best approach given a test matrix of multiple scenarios, with the goal of determ ining the feasibility of using this layered sensing approach and the system accuracy in open field tests.For purposes of collecting scientific data with this system , we developed a Test (data collection) Matrix with following three parameters: 1. Chem/Bio detection level with side-looki ng sensor boom and slowly traversing UGV; 2. Chem/Bio detection level with panning sensor boom and slowly traversing UGV; 3. Chem/Bio detection level with forward-looking sensor boom and operator-assisted steering based on onboard wind vane readings of UGV display that is overlayed onto relayed video. In addition to reporting the trends and results of analysis with regard to data collected with this Test Matrix, we discuss potential approaches to upgrading our networked robotics UGV system and also introduce the concept of swapping sensors with this low-cost networked sensor concept.Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, MAV, UGV, Layered Sensing, Chem/Bio Sensor Motes, Indirect Operator-Assisted Control.*atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil; 1 937 255 6427 x4331; AFRL/RYRR, Building 620, 2241 Avionics Circle,Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433;
A comparison of blob methods for vortex sheet roll-up

The motion of vortex sheets is susceptible to the onset of the Kelvin–Helmholz instability. There is now a large body of evidence that the instability leads to the formation of a curvature singularity in finite time. Vortex blob methods provide a regularization for the motion of vortex sheets. Instead of forming a curvature singularity in finite time, the curves generated by vortex blob methods form spirals. Theory states that these spirals will converge to a classical weak solution of the Euler equations as the blob size vanishes. This theory assumes that the blob method is the result of a convolution of the sheet velocity with an appropriate choice of a smoothing function. We consider four different blob methods, two resulting from appropriate choices of smoothing functions and two not. Numerical results indicate that the curves generated by these methods form different spirals, but all approach the same weak limit as the blob size vanishes. By scaling distances and time appropriately with blob size, the family of spirals generated by different blob sizes collapse almost perfectly to a single spiral. This observation is the next step in developing an asymptotic theory to describe the nature of the weak solution in detail.
Extensive hepatic calcification secondary to fulminant neonatal syphilitic hepatitis

Congenital syphilis is increasingly being diagnosed in developed countries after many years of decline. The liver is characteristically involved. However, fulminant hepatic failure and subsequent liver calcifications are both rare in patients with congenital syphilis. The infant reported here had both of these rare manifestations of this disease.
Learning from Demonstration for Distributed, Encapsulated Evolution of Autonomous Outdoor Robots

In learning from demonstration (LfD) a human trainer demonstrates desired behaviors to a robotic agent, creating a training set that the agent can learn from. LfD allows non-programmers to easily and naturally train robotic agents to perform specific tasks. However, to date most LfD has focused on single robot, single trainer paradigms leading to bottlenecks in both the time required to demonstrate tasks and the time required to learn behaviors. A previously untested, approach to addressing these limitations is to use distributed LfD with a distributed, evolutionary algorithm. Distributed on-board learning is a model for robust real world learning without the need for a central computer. In the distributed LfD system presented here multiple trainers train multiple robots on different, but related, tasks in parallel and each robot runs its own on-board evolutionary algorithm. The robots share the training data, reducing the total time required for demonstrations, and exchange promising individuals as in typical island models. These experiments compare robotic performance on a task after distributing the behaviors or the simple demonstrations to performance using a non-distributed LfD model receiving complex demonstrations. Our results show a strong improvement to behavior when using distributed simple demonstrations.
TP2=Bruhat

It is shown that the Bruhat partial order on permutations is equivalent to a certain natural partial order induced by TP"2 matrices and that a positive matrix is TP"2 if (and only if) it satisfies certain inequalities induced by Bruhat order.
Human genome project : Revolutionizing biology through leveraging technology

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international project to develop genetic, physical, and sequence-based maps of the human genome. Since the inception of the HGP it has been clear that substantially improved technology would be required to meet the scientific goals, particularly in order to acquire the complete sequence of the human genome, and that these technologies coupled with the information forthcoming from the project would have a dramatic effect on the way biomedical research is performed in the future. In this paper, we discuss the state-of-the-art for genomic DNA sequencing, technological challenges that remain, and the potential technological paths that could yield substantially improved genomic sequencing technology. The impact of the technology developed from the HGP is broad-reaching and a discussion of other research and medical applications that are leveraging HGP-derived DNA analysis technologies is included. The multidisciplinary approach to the development of new technologies that has been successful for the HGP provides a paradigm for facilitating new genomic approaches toward understanding the biological role of functional elements and systems within the cell, including those encoded within genomic DNA and their molecular products.
A Composite Study of Onset of the Australian Summer Monsoon

The circulation changes that accompany an onset (defined as the first occurrence of wet 850-mb westerly winds at Darwin, Australia) of the Australian summer monsoon are documented by a composite study for the years 1957-1987. Composites of atmospheric fields at stations in and about the Australian tropics are constructed relative to the onset data at Darwin. It is shown that the composite onset is dominated by a slow eastward migration of a deep-baroclinic convective circulation displaced south of the equator. This propagating anomaly exhibited many features of the so-called 40-50 day oscillation, including an upper level anticyclone that accompanies the convective anomaly.
Evidence for vacuolar sequestration of paraquat in roots of a paraquat-resistant Hordeum glaucum biotype

Paraquat resistance in the grass weed Hordeum glaucum Steud. has been proposed to result from herbicide sequestration away from the growing points. In the present study, we used roots as a model system to investigate cellular transport of paraquat in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) H. glaucum biotypes. Both time- and concentration-dependent kinetics of paraquat influx across the root cell plasma membrane were similar in the S and R biotype. However, compartmentation analysis indicated greater herbicide accumulation in root vacuoles of the R seedlings. In contrast, the amount of paraquat accumulated in the cytoplasm of S was double that found in R biotype. While paraquat efflux from the cytoplasm back into the external solution was similar in the two biotypes, efflux across the tonoplast from the vacuole back into the cytoplasm was 5 times slower in the R than in the S biotype. At the end of a 48-h efflux period, nearly 7-fold more herbicide was retained in the roots of the R compared with those of the S biotype. These results suggest that paraquat resistance in H. glaucum may be due to the herbicide sequestration in the vacuole.
High resolution studies of the origins of polyatomic ions in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Part I. identification methods and effects of neutral gas density assumptions, extraction voltage, and cone material

Abstract Common polyatomic ions (ArO + , NO + , H 2 O + , H 3 O + , Ar 2 + , ArN + , OH + , ArH + , O 2 + ) in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are identified using high mass resolution and studied using kinetic gas temperatures ( T gas ) determined from a dissociation reaction approach. Methods for making accurate mass measurements, confirming ion identifications, and correcting for mass bias are discussed. The effects of sampler and skimmer cone composition and extraction voltage on polyatomic ion formation are also explored. Neutral species densities at several locations in the extraction interface are estimated and the corresponding effects of the T gas value are calculated. The results provide information about the origins of background ions and indicate possible locations for their formation or removal.
Library Instruction and Online Database Searching.

Online database searching was done solely by librarians 25 years ago. That changed with the advances in telecommunications, the development of faster and more powerful computers, and the improvements in user‐friendly software. First CD‐ROMs, then dial‐in networks, and now the World Wide Web have made online database searching by the library users themselves the norm in academic libraries. Along with all these technological changes, library instruction itself has become more complex. Not only do library users need to know how to search, but they also need to learn critical thinking skills for database and keyword selection.
Overlayer disregistry: Transform simulations of leed patterns

Abstract Optical transforms have been utilized to study characteristic low-energy electron diffraction features from overlayers on six-fold substrates, including .(i) commensurate √3 overlayers reduced to 85%, (ii) orientationally incommensurate √3 structures, (iii) coincidence-lattices and (iv) several cases of one- and two-dimensional sinusoidal periodic lattice distortions. Readily identifiable, distinguishing differences are apparent among these classes of overlayer disregistry. The one prominent and distinctive feature common to periodic distortions on six-fold substrates is the absence of satellite beams around the 00 reflection for which a kinematical diffraction analysis is also given. The analogs graphically illustrate the possibility of misinterpretations.
Translation and cultural adaptation of the Hirschsprung’s Disease/Anorectal Malformation Quality of life Questionnaire (HAQL) into Swedish

Purpose Children with anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) often have functional problems with constipation or incontinence. The Hirschsprung’s Disease/Anorectal malformation Quality of life Questionnaire (HAQL) developed in the Netherlands is a disease-specific instrument measuring the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents with fecal incontinence. HAQL includes several domains with questions concerning diet, laxatives, constipation, diarrhea, urine and fecal incontinence, in addition to social and emotional functioning, body image, and physical symptoms. The purpose of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the HAQL questionnaire into Swedish.
Socioemotional Problems Among Young Children in Out-of-Home Care: A Comparison of Kinship and Foster Care Placement

This study examined socioemotional problems among children age 0 to 5 years in formal kinship and foster care across a northeastern state. Findings revealed that more than one third of children in both types of care showed socioemotional problems. More children were placed in kinship care when they lived in rural settings, were biracial, or spent time in the neonatal intensive care (NICU) after birth. Unique child and maltreatment characteristics predicted socioemotional problems scores for each placement type. Among children in kinship care, being biracial, spending time in the NICU, and being referred to child welfare for either caregiver substance abuse or neglect were related to socioemotional problems. When children were in foster care, spending time in the NICU, being referred to child welfare for child neglect, or being referred for intimate partner violence were all related to socioemotional problems. The results have implications for child welfare policy and practice, especially in light of incre...
Problems in assessment of new pharmacologic agents for the heart failure patient

Modern management of congestive heart failure (CHF) employs inotropic drugs, vasodilators, and diuretics. Although pharmacologic classification of drugs is possible in animals, identification of predominant hemodynamic mechanisms in humans is more complex, because many effects of vasodilators and inotropic drugs are similar. We compared the effects of a vasodilator, prazosin, and two agents with both inotropic and vasodilatory properties, amrinone and pirbuterol, on cardiac index (CI), mean aortic pressure, left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), LV filling pressure (LVFP), systemic vascular resistance, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) in 34 patients with advanced CHF. We concluded that (1) a rise in CI and LVEF, together with a fall in LVFP, does not necessarily indicate an inotropic effect; (2)both CI and LVEF may be increased by an inotropic mechanism in advanced CHF without a rise in MVO2; and (3) a drug-induced rise in LVSWI with stable or lower LVFP suggests an inotropic mechanism of action.
Regression and kriging analysis for grid power factor estimation

Abstract The measurement of power factor (PF) in electrical utility grids is a mainstay of load balancing and is also a critical element of transmission and distribution efficiency. The measurement of PF dates back to the earliest periods of electrical power distribution to public grids. In the wide-area distribution grid, measurement of current waveforms is trivial and may be accomplished at any point in the grid using a current tap transformer. However, voltage measurement requires reference to ground and so is more problematic and measurements are normally constrained to points that have ready and easy access to a ground source. We present two mathematical analysis methods based on kriging and linear least square estimation (LLSE) (regression) to derive PF at nodes with unknown voltages that are within a perimeter of sample nodes with ground reference across a selected power grid. Our results indicate an error average of 1.884% that is within acceptable tolerances for PF measurements that are used in load balancing tasks.
IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF SENSITIVITY FOR A PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR

A technique for measuring the change in sensitivity of a piezoelectric accelerometer in-situ and in real time is presented. This technique consists of electrically stimulating the accelerometer's piezoelectric element in a "diagnostic" frequency band and measuring the frequency response of the sensor's electromechanical properties. Changes in the electromechanical properties are related to shifts in accelerometer sensitivity. The diagnostic frequency band is much higher than the operating bandwidth of the accelerometer and includes the primary resonant frequencies of the accelerometer. A low pass fJlter system separates diagnostic data from the sensor's output signal facilitating the analysis of real-time. in-situ data on sensitivity without affecting the performance of the sensor. In developing this technique. tests are conducted on both piezoelectric elements and a compression-mode piezoelectric accelerometer. The electromechanical properties of several piezoelectric elements are measured using this technique. Test results include varying ambient temperature from 50 0 C to 1750 C. These data help formulate a model of the "diagnostic" frequency response function. called the autocalibration response and relate changes in autocalibration response to piezoelectric properties. A shift in sensitivity due to temperature ( 500 C to 1750 C) is measured for the compression-mode accelerometer and correlated to the autocalibration response data. Nomenclature
Mass spectra of some fluorohydrocarbons

Abstract The mass spectrometric cracking patterns of some representative flurohydrocarbons are discussed. Most of the compounds exhibit spectra which are useful in structure determination. Fragmentations involving the loss of difluorocarbene are common. The limits of usefulness of the mass spectrometric method for these compounds is discussed.
Automated data collection and analysis system for MOSFET radiation detectors

Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors(MOSFET) have been used as radiationdosimeters. Because of their small detector size, minimal power requirements, and signal integration characteristics, they offer unique possibilities as real‐time dose monitors in radiotherapy. An automated data collection and analysis system for use with MOSFETradiationdosimeters has been designed and built. The objective was to design a system which can acquire and process the MOSFET signals in real time, in any radiation field encountered in radiotherapy. In particular, major problems have been solved arising from the intrinsic drifts of the MOSFET signal during low dose rate measurements. These signal drifts are significant when the MOSFETdetector is used in applications such as on‐line monitoring of radiationdosedelivery in brachytherapy or radioimmunotherapy. The data collection and analysis system includes a portable IBM‐compatible personal computer fitted with digital‐to‐analog and analog‐to‐digital converter boards. A single‐chip programmable current supply is used to power the MOSFETdosimeters. Intrinsic and extrinsic drifts in signal due to ion diffusion and electron tunneling are corrected by deconvolution of the collected data in real time or after data collection. The data acquisition system and signal‐processing methodologies are described.
Glyphosate Degradation in Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible Crops and Weeds

High levels of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main glyphosate metabolite, have been found in glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean, apparently due to plant glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX)-like activity. AMPA is mildly phytotoxic, and under some conditions the AMPA accumulating in GR soybean correlates with glyphosate-caused phytotoxicity. A bacterial GOX is used in GR canola, and an altered bacterial glyphosate N-acetyltransferase is planned for a new generation of GR crops. In some weed species, glyphosate degradation could contribute to natural resistance. Neither an isolated plant GOX enzyme nor a gene for it has yet been reported in plants. Gene mutation or amplification of plant genes for GOX-like enzyme activity or horizontal transfer of microbial genes from glyphosate-degrading enzymes could produce GR weeds. Yet, there is no evidence that metabolic degradation plays a significant role in evolved resistance to glyphosate. This is unexpected, considering the extreme selection pressure for evolution of glyphosate resistance in weeds and the difficulty in plants of evolving glyphosate resistance via other mechanisms.
Elevation and mentoring: An experimental assessment of causal relations

Mentoring is a prosocial behavior in which an experienced person guides someone with less experience. Elevation refers to the responses elicited when a person witnesses others upholding the highest standards of moral virtue. Three experimental studies bring these two domains together. For all three studies, participants were randomly assigned to either read a story of someone exhibiting moral excellence or to a control condition. Participants in the elevation condition reported feeling more elevated, more positive attitudes toward mentoring, less negative attitudes toward mentoring, greater intentions to become a mentor (Study 1); an increased proclivity to gather information about becoming a mentor (Study 2a); and, an increased tendency to engage in mentoring directly via submitting advice to students (Study 2b). In their totality, the current studies link another prosocial outcome with elevation and demonstrate a condition under which individuals are more likely to be motivated to become a mentor.
Analysis of Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 revertants: the use of oligodeoxyribonucleotide colony hybridization, PCR, and direct sequencing in mutational analysis.

A rapid method for determining the DNA sequences of Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 revertants is presented. DNA colony hybridization was used to analyze revertants previously studied by Isono and Yourno [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:1612–1617, 1974]. Synthetic oligodeoxy-ribonucleotide probes (18-mers) were able to distinguish sequences that differed by a single base pair. Mutant his sequences not identified by probing analysis were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced. The combined use of DNA-colony hybridization and direct sequencing offers a precise and rapid means for the molecular characterization of hisD3052 revertants.
Inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation by MCF-10A breast epithelial cells in coculture.

A coculture system was developed to investigate the interactions between MCF-10A breast epithelial cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells stably expressing the green fluorescent protein (MCF-7-GFP). Studies with this MCF-10A/MCF-7-GFP coculture system on microtiter plates and on reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel), revealed paracrine inhibition of MCF-7-GFP cell proliferation. Epidermal growth factor, which in monocultures modestly enhanced MCF-7-GFP and markedly increased MCF-10A cell proliferation, greatly inhibited MCF-7-GFP cell proliferation in MCF-10A/MCF-7-GFP cocultures. 17β-Estradiol, which stimulated MCF-7-GFP but not MCF-10A cell proliferation in monoculture, inhibited MCF-7-GFP cell proliferation in MCF-10A/MCF-7-GFP cocultures, an effect that was blocked by the antiestrogen, ICI 182,780. On Matrigel, complex MCF-10A/MCF-7-GFP cellular interactions were observed in real time that resulted in the formation of acinus-like structures. These results indicate a role of normal epithelial cells in inhibiting tumor-cell proliferation and demonstrate the utility of this coculture system as a model of early paracrine control of breast cancer.
A New Gasketing Technique for Studies with the High-Pressure Diamond Anvil Cell

Although metal gaskets have been previously used with the high pressure diamond anvil cell for solids and liquids,1–7 the problems inherent with the use of such gaskets have been severe. The gasket is very difficult to use with liquids or solutions. It slips off the diamond very easily and some degree of expertise is necessary. Amelioration of this problem is now possible with a new type of gasket.
Effect of intravenous carbenicillin, cefoxitin and cefamandole on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and shape change.

Abstract The effect of a large daily dose of i.v. carbenicillin, cefoxitin and cefamandole on platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the effect of carbenicillin on ADP induced shape change were evaluated. Six volunteers received carbenicillin 100 mg/kg every 4 hours. Three of them also received cefoxitin 3 gm every 6 hours and cefamandole 2 gm every 4 hours. All treatments were separated by 14 days. Prior to treatment, as well as 1 and 24 hours after the last dose of antibiotic, citrated platelet-rich plasma was tested for the extent of aggregation at a series of ADP concentrations. As previously reported by several groups, carbenicillin decreased the sensitivity of platelets in their aggregation response to ADP. Thus, the concentration of ADP needed to obtain 50% of maximal aggregation response was increased 3.5±1.7 (S.D.) fold. In addition, when measured separately, the sensitivity of platelets in their shape change response to ADP was decreased to a similar degree. The concentration of ADP needed to produce 50% of maximal shape change response was 2.8±1.6 (S.D.) fold higher after carbenicillin treatment. The results are in accordance with previous in vitro studies suggesting that carbenicillin interferes with the initial phase of platelet activation. Cefoxitin and cefamandole had no apparent effect on platelet aggregation.
Total parenteral nutrition alters NPY/PYY receptor levels in the rat brain

The regulation of appetite and satiety is complex and may involve peptide mediators such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Studies have indicated that calories administered enterally and parenterally impact on feeding, and possibly via the release of such mediators. Recent data from our laboratory have shown that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) reduces sham feeding in dogs by 50%. We hypothesized that TPN may alter feeding via an NPY-mediated mechanism. To test our hypothesis, we examined the effect of continuous administration of TPN on NPY receptor levels in the rat brain. Rats were surgically prepared with intravenous catheters. After 72 h of TPN infusion, the rats were anesthesized with sodium pentobarbital and their brains were removed. Neuropeptide Y receptor density was assessed by autoradiography in the paraventricular nucleus, olfactory cortex, dentate gyrus, and thalamus. These results were compared to the control group receiving intravenous saline. A third group receiving enteral nutrition was examined as well. Neuropeptide Y receptor numbers were significantly increased in the paraventricular nucleus of rats receiving TPN compared to the groups receiving intravenous saline or enteral nutrition. We conclude that continuous parenteral nutrition significantly increases NPY receptor density in the rat brain suggesting that TPN may impact feeding via the regulation of NPY receptor-mediated effects.
Considerations for high-numerical aperture EUV lithography

With numerical apertures > 0.4 there will be broad ranges of angles of incidence of light on masks for EUV systems with 4× lens reduction, leading to several undesirable consequences with current MoSi multilayers and tantalum-based absorbers. An option for reducing the range of incident angles is to increase the lens reduction, but this entails small field sizes with standard 6" mask form factors or necessitates the use of larger masks sizes. Small fields lead to a need for stitching or accepting substantially reduced throughput - a problem for a technology already challenged with respect to cost-of-ownership. The implementation of larger mask formats is straightforward but requires considerable investments in new tools for mask making. New absorbers may provide a solution for high-NA EUV lithography at 4× lens reduction, but much R&D is required to demonstrate that this approach will work.
On the distribution of pitch angles in external galactic spirals NGC 1232 and NGC 5457

A numerical method, originally developed to analyze the morphology of global and local structure in prototype galaxies, is modified for analyzing observed disk-shape galaxies. Two digitized spiral galaxies NGC 1232 and NGC 5457 with varying degrees of contrast between arm and interarm regions are analyzed. A synergism of partitioning methods and a geometric mean least-squares regression algorithm serves to isolate local arm segments, spurs, feathers, and secondary features and to measure their pitch angles and lengths. The global arms are actually highly disjointed, with arm segments frequently revealing pitch angles between 30 and 50 deg, certainly greater than those of the parent arms. Prominent spurs tend to exhibit a much greater pitch angle. The automated mathematical algorithm is shown to have negligible numerical biasing and could be applied to any number of spiral galaxies manifesting flocculent structure, either prototype or observed, and could possibly be used as a tool for classification of multiple-armed-type galaxies.
Improving vocational rehabilitation services for injured workers in Washington State

Workers who incur permanent impairments or have ongoing medical restrictions due to injuries or illnesses sustained at work may require support from vocational rehabilitation programs in order to return to work. Vocational rehabilitation programs implemented within workers' compensation settings are costly, and effective service delivery has proven challenging. The Vocational Improvement Project, a 5.5-year pilot program beginning in 2008, introduced major changes to the Washington State workers' compensation-based vocational rehabilitation program. In the evaluation of this pilot program, set within a large complex system characterized by competing stakeholder interests, we assessed effects on system efficiency and employment outcomes for injured workers. While descriptive in nature, this evaluation provided evidence that several of the intended outcomes were attained, including: (1) fewer repeat referrals, (2) fewer delays, (3) increased choice for workers, and (4) establishment of statewide partnerships to improve worker outcomes. There remains substantial room for further improvement. Retraining plan completion rates remain under 60% and only half of workers earned any wages within two years of completing their retraining plan. Ongoing communication with stakeholders was critical to the successful conduct and policy impact of this evaluation, which culminated in a 3-year extension of the pilot program through June 2016.
Phytochrome in Embryos of Pinus palustris.

Phytochrome has been shown to be involved in the germination of seeds of a number of pine species as determined by the responses of these seeds to red and far-red irradiations (4, 7, 9). Nyman ,(7) found that even before imibibition, germination of Pinus silvestris seeds can be promoted by red irradiation. McLemore (5) found that germination of longleaf pine seed (P. palustris) can be repeatedly promoted and inhibited by short exposures to red and far-red light, after imbibition. This species has relatively large embryos which can be easily isolated. Therefore, it was of interest to see whether germination of P. palustris seeds could be affected early during imbibition by red and far-red light, and to investigate the phytochrome spectrophotometrically.
A Literature Review of Medical Side Effects From Radio-Frequency Energy in the Human Environment: Involving Cancer, Tumors, and Problems of the Central Nervous System.

Occupational or residential exposures to radiofrequency energy (RFE), including microwaves, have been alleged to result in health problems. This paper is a review of the recent medical and scientific literature (from mid-1998 through 2002) dealing with possible effects of RFE on brain tumors and malignancies, leukemia, other cancers, and the central nervous system. A large number of studies were related to exposures from cellular telephones. On the basis of previous reviews of older literature and the current review of recent literature, one can conclude that the evidence for any proven health effects (related to the topics above) of low-level RFE exposure is minimal.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disease

The pituitary gland arises from the conjunction of an evagination of the oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch) and a process of neural ectoderm growing down from the ventral portion (hypothalamic region) of the diencephalon. The former becomes the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the latter the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary); by 10–12 weeks of fetal life, both appear to be functionally linked to the hypothalamus.1