cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The comparative effects of organic brain disease on cerebral blood flow and measured intelligeence

Raw scores for cerebral blood flow (CBF), determined by xenon 133 inhalation, and for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were measured in five groups of 12 subjects each: young normals, aged normals, and patients with cerebrovascular disease without dementia, dementia with cerebrovascular disease, and degenerative brain disease. Important differences were present in the raw data according to age and sex. When these were adjusted, a quadratic model revealed a highly significant (p less than 0.0001, r = 0.86) correlation between CBF and measured intelligence score. We interpret these findings to indicate that in dementing illnesses the WAIS raw score reflects the severity of the brain disorder, regardless of cause, and that CBF is reduced as a function of the severity rather than the cause of the abnormality.
An application of a multivariate central limit theorem to sampling without replacement

Abstract A general multivariate central limit theorem of M. G. Hahn, P. Hahn, and M. J. Klass (1983, Ann. Probab. 11 277–301) gives conditions relating the one-dimensional marginals of the summands in an infinitesimal triangular array to those of the limit law. This theorem is applied here to the sample sums obtained by sampling without replacement from a sequence of finite multivariate populations. An important subcase of this result is where the sequence of populations' values are restricted to a finite set. Here the limit laws are shown to be a natural generalization of the multivariate Poisson distribution.
Adam receives Fred Whipple Award

John B. Adams was presented with the Fred Whipple Award at the AGU Fall Meeting in December in San Francisco, California. The award, established in 1989 by the Planetary Sciences Section, is presented to an individual who makes an outstanding contribution to the field of planetary science. In the beginning, scientists including Galileo studied the solar system by staring through a tube with glass elements called a telescope. This panchromatic instrument demonstrated existence and motion of objects and revealed features such as craters and clouds. However, it required approximately another 400 years to develop the physics and technology necessary to determine remotely the composition of these objects.
Future Hydroclimatology and theResearch Challenges of a Post‐Stationary World

This provocative statement issued recently in Science directly challenges the basic assumption underlying the way surface water resources in much of the developed world have been managed for decades. Milly et al. (2008) claim that anthropogenically-induced climate change is the reason that stationarity has died and “cannot be revived.” Although they acknowledge that the validity of the assumption has been questioned regularly in the past, Milly et al. highlight a pressing need to address this issue due to a convergence of observations and research findings that demonstrates the urgency of the influence of climate change and variability on surface water processes. Specifically, they note that projected changes in future runoff “are large enough to push hydroclimate beyond the range of historical behaviors” (p 573). With this imperative in mind, in this essay, after first addressing the call to move beyond the stationarity assumption, I present a series of questions and suggestions on how hydroclimatic research might be integrated into a future water resources agenda for geographers that addresses a “post-stationary” world, especially with respect to hydrologic extremes.
Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane

Abstract An aromatic diamidine, bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM), inhibited respiratory syncytial (RS) virus-induced cell fusion in Hep-2 and CV-1 cells. BABIM was active against RS virus at a concentration of 1 μM , yet did not produce any effect on para-influenza type 3 virus or herpes simplex virus type 1, even at high concentrations. The compound did not interfere with RS virus replication proper, but could be shown to block virus penetration.
Novel 3,4-di- and 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine-containing polypeptides from the blood cells of the ascidians Ascidia ceratodes and Molgula manhattensis.

Abstract Acetic acid urea extraction of the blood cells of two ascidian species yielded four novel families of polypeptides (3500–5300 Da) containing 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) from the Phlebobranch Ascidia ceratodes and two DOPA proteins (9–10 kDa) from the Stolidobranch Molgula manhattensis. 3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenylalanine residues have not been found previously in polypeptides in any biological system. The DOPA content of the M. manhattensis proteins is the highest yet reported for a naturally occurring DOPA protein. The successful isolation of proteinaceous components from A. ceratodes blood cells requires the incorporation of high concentrations of complexing agent in the extraction buffers to inactivate vanadium(III) which forms intractable organometallic polymers. The A. ceratodes blood cell polypeptides are all rich in alanine and TOPA residues, have neutral to basic p I values, and, while all give single bands on acid urea–polyacrylamide electrophoresis, they exhibit extensive microheterogeneity. This is reflected by their large molecular weight distribution as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry, the variation in the ratio of their 280-nm absorption to chromophores of unknown structure in the polypeptide's electronic absorption spectra, and the N-terminal sequence analysis. The two M. manhattensis proteins consist largely of four amino acids (alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and DOPA) with DOPA accounting for upward of 40 mol%. Both give an N-terminus of Ala-Phe-Tyr before resisting further progress by Edman degradation. Proteins and polypeptides from both ascidians are extremely resistant to proteases, a property which, while hampering characterization by sequence analysis, appears ideally suited to their proposed function of forming an impervious hemostat at the site of vascular injury. The yield of proteins and polypeptides relative to tunichromes appears to be seasonally dependent. The presence of DOPA and TOPA moieties in the proteins and polypeptides implicates them, as well as the tunichromes, as potential metal-sequestering agents.
The Variance of Intraclass Correlations in Three- and Four-Level Models

Intraclass correlations are used to summarize the variance decomposition in populations with multilevel hierarchical structure. There has recently been considerable interest in estimating intraclass correlations from surveys or designed experiments to provide design parameters for planning future large-scale randomized experiments. The large sample distribution of estimates of the intraclass correlation in two-level situations is well known. Contemporary educational and social experiments often involve sampling designs with three or four levels of nesting, leading to three- and four-level intraclass correlation structures. The present article provides expressions for the large sample variances and covariances of estimates of three- and four-level intraclass correlation structures.
Coupled-channels effects in 0.8 GeV proton inelastic scattering from 58Ni

Abstract New differential cross sections for 0.8 GeV proton inelastic excitation of the first 2+ and 4+ states in 58Ni are compared with distorted wave Born approximation and coupled-channels predictions. Multistep processes and multi-phonon mixing are both shown to be important in describing the excitation of the 4+ state.
Activation of TLR3 in Keratinocytes Increases Expression of Genes Involved in Formation of the Epidermis, Lipid Accumulation, and Epidermal Organelles

Injury to the skin, and the subsequent release of noncoding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from necrotic keratinocytes, has been identified as an endogenous activator of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). As changes in keratinocyte growth and differentiation follow injury, we hypothesized that TLR3 might trigger some elements of the barrier repair program in keratinocytes. dsRNA was observed to induce TLR3-dependent increases in human keratinocyte mRNA abundance for ABCA12 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 12), glucocerebrosidase, acid sphingomyelinase, and transglutaminase 1. Additionally, treatment with dsRNA resulted in increases in sphingomyelin and morphologic changes including increased epidermal lipid staining by Oil Red O and TLR3-dependent increases in lamellar bodies and keratohyalin granules. These observations show that dsRNA can stimulate some events in keratinocytes that are important for skin barrier repair and maintenance.
Sites of social justice: community music in New York City:

The purpose of this article is to integrate some philosophical reflections on music and music education with aspects of social justice as practiced in three community music sites in New York City. ...
Schadenfreude as a consumption-related emotion: Feeling happiness about the downfall of another's product

Abstract Emotional antecedents of schadenfreude —joy experienced when observing another's downfall—were investigated in a status consumption context. Across 3 studies, status product failure produced schadenfreude and led to intentions to spread negative word-of-mouth (studies 1, 2), and increased negative affect and overall negative attitudes toward the status brand (study 3). Furthermore, studies 1 and 2 suggest that envy (particularly of social attention) can lead to schadenfreude by transmuting into hostile emotions. Finally, these studies suggest that schadenfreude in a consumption context can be precipitated by factors such as degree of target advantage and flaunting of the status product.
The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole after a single intravenous dose in AIDS patients.

The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole after a single 100 mg i.v. dose were studied in 10 healthy subjects (5 M; 5 F) and 10 HIV-positive patients (8 M; 2 F). The mean value of plasma clearance was 25% lower in the patient groups (17 +/- 6 (s.d.) vs 23 +/- 4 ml min-1; 95% CI of difference -11 to -0.7; P < 0.05). This difference may have been related to slightly reduced kidney function in the patient group (mean creatinine clearance -18%) but is unlikely to be clinically significant. Therefore, no adjustment of the dose of intravenously administered fluconazole appears to be necessary in AIDS patients without clinical signs of enteropathy.
Regional extracellular norepinephrine responses to amphetamine and cocaine and effects of clonidine pretreatment

Microdialysis in behaving animals was used to characterize the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) norepinephrine (NE) responses to amphetamine (AMPH) and cocaine (COC). NE exhibited regionally similar dose- and time-dependent increases to each drug. However, peak NE concentrations were approximately 2-fold greater at behaviorally similar doses of AMPH compared with COC. To examine the role of noradrenergic impulse flow in the mechanism(s) by which these stimulants enhance extracellular NE, groups of animals were pretreated with the alpha 2 autoreceptor agonist, clonidine (CLON), prior to stimulant administration. CLON (50 micrograms/kg) administration completely blocked the NE response to both 20 and 30 mg/kg COC. By contrast, CLON decreased the NE response to 0.5 mg/kg AMPH by 75%, but became progressively less effective on the response as the dose was increased to 1.75 and 5.0 mg/kg. CLON also had no effect on the caudate dopamine responses to either AMPH or COC, consistent with the presumed specificity of this drug for alpha 2 receptors and suggesting the absence of any significant pharmacokinetic interactions. These results indicate that COC acts an uptake blocker at NE-containing neurons and suggest that AMPH increases extracellular NE through two consequences of its interaction with the neuronal transport carrier: (1) reuptake blockade which predominates at lower doses; and (2) release which becomes more prevalent at higher doses. Behavioral analyses revealed effects of CLON which varied as a function of stimulant and dose.
An Orbiting Control Station for Free-Flying Teleoperators: Preliminary Design Methodology

This paper summarizes work being done to develop the preliminary design of a control station for the free-flying teleoperator/telerobot ROBIN. The four-step development process involves telerobot capability definition, mission analysis, requirements generation, and design solution. The ROBIN servomanipulator requirements are listed, and a telerobotic control station requirement tree is shown.
Temporal variability in insectivorous bat activity along two desert streams with contrasting patterns of prey availability

Emergent aquatic insects provide significant resources for terrestrial consumers. The availability and consumption of aquatic insects by terrestrial consumers may be influenced by characteristics of the river and riparian area. We measured temporal variability in bat activity and insect availability along two desert streams of contrasting productivity, hydrology, and riparian vegetation in Arizona, USA. Sycamore Creek is very productive, winter storm dominated, and supports sparse riparian vegetation. San Pedro River productivity is low, most floods occur during the summer monsoon, and it has extensive riparian vegetation. Bat activity and insect availability were measured monthly directly above the stream and in the floodplain for one year. At Sycamore Creek, emergent aquatic-insect biomass peaked in spring, while terrestrial-insect biomass was highest in the summer. Aquatic and terrestrial insect availability at the San Pedro River were similar or dominated by terrestrial insects throughout the spring and summer. Interactions between bats and insects differed between these two streams and this variation appears to be due to differences in insect availability in the airspace above the stream. Insect-prey availability is linked to stream productivity, timing of flooding, and the extent of riparian vegetation, and these factors can have strong effects on terrestrial food webs.
Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by allylisopropylacetamide is a suicidal process.

Abstract The destruction of cytochrome P -450 by allylisopropylacetamide (2-isopropyl-4-pentenamide) in microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats has been shown to require oxygen, to be inhibited by NADP through inhibition of cytochrome P -450 reductase, and to be slightly stimulated by NADH. Glutathione (1 m m ) does not inhibit destruction, but methyl 4,5-epoxy-2-isopropylpentanoate (5 m m ), an analog of the epoxide of allylisopropylacetamide, does. The inactivation of cytochrome P -450 is both time dependent and saturable, although no more than approximately 40% of the microsomal enzyme appears to be normally destructible. However, mechanical perturbation of the microsomal suspension by rehomogenization initiates renewed destruction. Kinetic analysis shows that the destructive process is pseudo-first-order, with an apparent inactivation rate constant of 1.4 × 10 −3 s −1 and an apparent K m of 1.14 m m . Approximately 230 molecules of substrate are turned over for each destructive event. These results, in conjunction with previously reported data, clearly and unambiguously establish that inactivation of cytochrome P -450 by allylisopropylacetamide is a suicidal process.
EEG monitoring of focal lesions of the blood‐brain barrier

This paper presents a modified method for the EEG detection and monitoring of small focal blood-brain barrier (BBB) lesions. The method uses high dose IV penicillin (1.2 x 106μ/kg) to produce a spike focus at BBB lesions, penicillin encephalopathy. The EEG is recorded and the epileptic spikes are counted by an automatic computer program. The computer counting produces an objective quantitative result. The method is verified empirically on traumatic and radiation BBB lesions.
Hemoglobin-Methemoglobin and KCN

Summary and ConclusionsThese experiments show that KCN combines only with the trivalent form of hemoglobin. Since it does not combine with the bivalent form, the presence of CN- in the blood system of animals poisoned by CN- is not the factor which produces death; its lethal effect is rather due to its action on the oxidizing enzymes in the tissues.Two substances have been used as antidotes for cyanide poisoning, methylene blue and NaNO2 The action of these two substances is different and can now be clarified as follows: In the case of NaNO2, methemoglobin is formed in the blood stream, cyanide combines readily with this trivalent form and is taken out of the system as the blood circulates forming cyanmethemoglobin. This of course inactivates a certain percentage of hemoglobin, but the enzymes of the tissues are freed and are again able to function.In the case of methylene blue, no appreciable concentrations of methemoglobin are produced in the blood stream as the oxidation-reduction potentials of the com...
Regional Temperature Gradient: A Key To Tilted OOWC

The Arab-D member - Arab formation (Upper Jurassic) - is one of the most prolific oil reservoirs in Saudi Arabia. Located onshore in the Eastern Province and offshore in the Arabian Gulf waters, many huge oil fields have been discovered since the forties. In addition to their size, several Arab-D oil fields present another similarity: the original oil water contact (OOWC) is apparently tilted. Several theories have been advanced in the past, but none were able to account successfully for the tilt. The lack of flank wells intersecting the OOWC in a clean reservoir section makes it even more difficult to ascertain the origin of the tilt. In addition, special care must be devoted to avoid using information coming from edging wells in areas where crestal production has already been high, resulting in a dynamic OWC, not the OOWC. A new model has now emerged to account for the observed tilt of the OOWC. This model is based on the existence of a higher geothermal gradient close to the Dammam dome area (Saudi Arabia Eastem Province). Studies are underway, using SAUDI ARAMCO multi-disciplinary teams to integrate these facts in a tectonic model of the area. For the Ghawar field, it has been shown that the observed tilt of the OOWC can be explained by the evolution of the regional geothermal gradient, and by an inflow of fresher water on the western flank of the Haradh area. What was thought before to be a hydrodynamic-related tilt is now interpreted as a pure static equilibrium with varied fluid densities. The tilt of the OOWC has been back calculated and found to be in good agreement with the values measured in key wells. Applications of this particular type of static equilibrium in reservoir simulation will be presented to conclude this integrated approach, which was successful to establish a consistent picture of the Ghawar OOWC tilt.
Frequency Doubling Technology perimetry and standard automated perimetry in migraine

The literature suggests that visual field defects may be more common in people who experience migraine. The Humphrey frequency doubling (FDT) visual field instrument selectively examines the magnocellular visual pathway, but has not previously been used to investigate visual function in migraine. In a masked controlled study we compared Humphrey FDT and Humphrey Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm fields of 25 migraine sufferers with 25 age- and gender-matched controls. Although both mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were a little worse in the migraine group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no inter-eye visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. Comparing the mean of all the contrast thresholds in each hemisphere, there were no more inter-hemifield visual field differences in the migraine group compared with controls. There was no significant difference between the migraine and control groups in intra-ocular pressures. The visual field parameters were not correlated with the interval since the last migraine headache, the severity of migraine headache, the duration of migraine headache or the number of migraine headaches per annum. In our data, there was no evidence of visual field deficits, a magnocellular deficit, or indications of glaucomatous pathology.
Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of iris vessels in rats with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

In this study, we describe the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical changes that occur in the iris of rats with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). General changes include perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, followed by hemorrhage and extensive tissue destruction. Alterations in the iris epithelium were also noted. A breakdown in the blood — iris barrier was demonstrated in some vessels at the peak of inflammation; peroxidase reaction product was seen in the basement membrane and perivascular spaces. We found that, in inflamed iris vessels, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells become hypertrophic and show increased amounts of synthetic organelles. This finding is similar to our previous observations on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in retinal vessels in EAU (1). In addition, as was reported in the retinal vascular basement membrane in EAU (2), there is an increase in immunoreactivity of several extracellular matrix molecules in the iris vascular basement membrane; ...
FFT calculation of magnetic fields in air coils

The magnetostatic field produced by an air coil that possesses one-dimensional periodicity can be expressed as a one-dimensional discrete convolution of two functions. The first function expresses the field produced by a single turn of the coil. The second is a shape function; it expresses the spatial position and strength of current of each turn of the coil. The discrete convolution of these two functions gives the magnetostatic field produced by the coil. This result can be interpreted with linear system theory. Under this interpretation, the first function, the response from a single turn, can be thought of as the impluse response function of a hypothetical linear system or "black box." The second function, the expression of position and current strength can be thought of as the input signal to the black box. The advantage of this approach is that it allows the application of highly developed methods of linear system theory to air-coil problems. This paper presents one application of linear system theory to an air-coil calculation, the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in computing magnetostatic fields from air coils. A program is described which uses FFT convolution to perform this calculation.
Interior Design Criticism: Developing a Culture of Reverence for the Interior Environment

ISSUE: Unlike the other visual arts, the interior design profession has not developed a body of criticism that analyzes and evaluates design work in the field within a contextual framework. GOAL: Developing this body of criticism will demonstrate the value of interior design. Both external and internal perceptions of the profession will be positively influenced, creating a culture of reverence. CONCLUSIONS: A body of design criticism that is available to the public and the profession will explain the meaning and structure of the interior environment, enhancing the experiential qualities of the visitor or user and resulting in greater societal appreciation of the value of interior design. Likewise, a body of criticism, which has a more scholarly or theoretical foundation, will strengthen the profession from within.
Matrix-Padé via Lanczos solutions for vibrations of fluid―structure interaction

For multiple-frequency full-field solutions of the boundary value problem describing small fluid–structure interaction vibration superimposed on a nominal state with prestress, we propose an efficient reduced order method by constructing the full-field matrix-Pade approximant of its finite element matrix function. Exploiting the matrix-Pade via Lanczos connection, the Pade coefficients are computed in a stable and efficient way via an unsymmetric, banded Lanczos process. The full-field Pade-type approximant is the result of one-sided projection onto Krylov subspace, we established its order of accuracy, which is not maximal. The superiority of this method in terms of various problem dimensions and parameters is established by complexity analysis via flop counts. Numerical examples obtained by using a model problem verified the accuracy of this full-field matrix-Pade approximant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of coplanar poled electro optic polymer films for Si-photonic devices with multiphoton microscopy

The authors demonstrated the feasibility of second-harmonic microscopic imaging for the the characterization of poled polymer film for application in silicon electro-optic polymer hybrid devices. The results are so far qualitative and can be used to optimize the poling conditions as long as the sample geometry is preserved.
Urban Educators’ Voices: Understanding Culture in the Classroom

This article discusses urban educators’ views of their teaching experiences. The article is based upon survey research conducted with teachers in two poor, urban districts during the 2005–2006 academic year. The teachers reported a variety of positive and negative views regarding their classrooms, their students, and the students’ social worlds. The data illustrate the importance of classroom processes for the teachers, and how they believed that their students’ social locations, behaviors, and attitudes impede the delivery of educational content. We believe this research raises interesting challenges regarding the need for urban educators to incorporate students’ perspectives into both instructional processes and curriculum content. Furthermore, this research should contribute to the empirical foundation needed for the creation of better teacher preparation programs.
A comparison of fission fragment measurements made by double-energy and double-velocity techniques☆

Abstract The energies of two coincident fission fragments emitted from spontaneous fission of Cf252 and 25.5-MeV-He4 induced fission of U233 have been measured with semiconductor detectors. The mass distributions and the average total kinetic energy release as a function of the mass ratio obtained from these measurements have been compared in detail with results obtained by the double-velocity time-of-flight technique. For Cf252 this comparison shows that the distributions obtained from double-energy measurements are affected by the emission of several prompt neutrons from the fragments, and that if the results are corrected to account for these neutron effects, good agreement can be obtained between the double-energy and double-velocity measurements. For He4-induced fission of U233, which involves a more highly excited fissioning nucleus, the neutron effects are apparently less serious, so the double-energy results require only relatively simple corrections. The good agreement between results obtained using the two techniques confirms the validity of the calibration procedure for the semiconductor detectors, and suggests that precision experiments can be performed with a semiconductor detector system if corrections are made for the effects of prompt-neutron emission.
Newtonian-based methodologies in multi-body dynamics

Three commonly used methods of formulating the equations of motion for multi-body systems are reviewed in this paper. Two of these methods are Newtonian-based; i.e. the entire formulations can be d...
Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis

Measurement of specific organic compounds in exhaled breath has been used as an indicator of recent exposure to pollutants or as an indicator of the health of an individual. A typical application involves the collection of multiple breaths onto a sorbent cartridge or into an evacuated canister with the use of a relatively complex sampling apparatus. A new method has been developed wherein a single exhaled breath is directly transferred from the mouth into an evacuated 1 l or 1.8 l stainless steel SUMMA canister. The single breath canister (SBC) method avoids the necessity for a complex sampling system requiring maintenance and cleaning and allows easy collection of samples. Additionally, it is possible to collect a rapid sequence of samples from a subject to establish the elimination curve subsequent to an exposure to specific volatile organic compounds with a theoretical resolution of adjacent breaths. The SBC method was compared to an accepted canister based sampling system to assure comparability and then used to demonstrate its utility by measuring the absorption and elimination of chloroform during and after exposure to chlorinated shower water.
Amaurosis fugax associated with antiphospholipid antibodies

In more than 50% of amaurosis fugax patients under 45 years of age no cause for the episodes of visual loss is identifiable. We have encountered 6 young adults (4 women and 2 men) with episodes of amaurosis fugax associated with elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Splinter hemorrhages of the nail beds were present in most patients. Treatment with antiplatelet medications and anticoagulants appeared to reduce the frequency of episodes and might prevent central retinal artery occlusions or stroke.
Characterization of curved plastic surfaces

This paper presents the surface roughness characteristics obtained from three different instruments: a mechanical stylus profilometer, a split-beam detection optical profilometer, and an interference microscope. Experimental data for both molded and coated plastic reflector surfaces using different measuring techniques are reviewed and the deficiencies in relating the various methods are clearly illustrated.
Fluorine Hyperfine Splittings in the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectra of Aromatic Radicals. An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation

This article reports our experimental and theoretical investigations of fluorine hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc's) in the anion and cation radicals of a number of fluorinated benzenes, naphthalenes, and anthracenes. We have obtained electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and hfcc's for the electrolytically generated anion radicals of 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoroanthracene, and 9,10-perfluoroanthraquinone. The experimental values of the hfcc's of these radicals, along with the hfcc's of several cation radicals of fluorinated benzenes and naphthalenes currently available in the literature, have been compared to our theoretical predictions using the UB3LYP density functional method in conjunction with a variety of basis sets. The EPR-III basis set usually gave the best agreement between theory and experiment for the fluorine splittings with an average relative error of 15%. We also find that it is possible to correlate the experimental fluorine hfcc's with the calculated π- and tota...
Effects of Habitat Conversion on Temporal Activity Patterns of Phyllostomid Bats in Lowland Amazonian Rain Forest

Ecological assessments of the effects of anthropogenic change often focus on species richness or species abundances. Nonetheless, changes in behavior (e.g., activity patterns) may provide equally important insights into responses to disturbance that have conservation or management implications. Because many neotropical bats provide critical ecosystem services, their responses may be of particular conservation concern. We evaluated the effects of season and habitat conversion on temporal activity patterns of 8 abundant species of frugivorous bats in lowland tropical rain forest of Iquitos, Peru. Season had little effect on activity patterns of any species of bat. Five species exhibited different activity patterns in primary or secondary forest compared to agricultural habitats. No interspecific differences in activity patterns occurred in primary forest. In agricultural areas, the patterns of activity of Carollia benkeithi and Rhinophylla pumilio were distinct from those of other species. In secondary forest, activity patterns of Artibeus lituratus and R. pumilio were distinct from those of other species. Temporal activity patterns of common frugivores overlapped more than expected by chance, regardless of season or habitat. Neotropical frugivores avoid open areas during twilight to reduce risk of predation. Nonetheless, to meet their considerable minimum daily caloric intake requirements, frugivores forage throughout most of the night. Increased habitat fragmentation may effectively reduce foraging times and subject bats to increased risk from predators during twilight and periods of great lunar illumination, when bats avoid open areas.
Incidence and correlates of depersonalization following head trauma

Using the criteria of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D), we assessed the incidence of feelings of unreality among a sample of 70 persons who had sustained head injuries. Among those whose head trauma could be classified as mild, more than 60% complained of a depersonalization syndrome. Among those with a significant period of unconsciousness, only 11% had similar complaints. There was a high comorbidity with post-traumatic stress disorder and vertigo. Feelings of unreality were not associated with cognitive impairment or elevated personality test scores, nor were there significant relationships with gender or involvement in litigation. A conservative estimate of incidence of depersonalization among persons with minor head trauma is 13%, while, at the upper end, as many as 67% of persons who sustain mild head injury may experience feelings of unreality.
Variations in signal-mediated nuclear transport during the cell cycle in BALB/c 3T3 cells.

Abstract Signal-mediated nuclear import was investigated in proliferating BALB/c 3T3 cells 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 21 h after the onset of anaphase. Using nucleoplasmin-coated colloidal gold particles to assay transport capacity, it was found that import was greatest at 1 h postanaphase (after complete reformation of the nuclear envelope). At this time, both the relative rate of gold uptake and the functional size of the transport channels were significantly greater than in control cells, which were randomly selected from nonsynchronized cultures. At 21 b, there was a decrease in the size of the transport channel, but not the rate of nuclear import. This suggests that these two factors are regulated independently. No changes in transport capacity, compared to controls, were detected at other times in the cell cycle.
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity from borehole flowmeter tests considering head losses

Abstract Recent numerical studies have demonstrated that the conventional interpretation of the borehole flowmeter test (BFT) may lead to considerable errors in estimates of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity ( K r ) due to neglect of head loss across the electromagnetic borehole flowmeter (EBF). Even in uniform aquifers, the conventional interpretation underestimates K r at the base and overestimates K r at the top of the aquifer. In this paper, we derive exact analytical solutions for hydraulic head and streamlines induced by the BFT in a confined homogeneous aquifer. The solutions explicitly consider head loss across the EBF. The derived analytical solutions for head distribution in the vicinity of the pumping well and for volumetric flux to the well sections above and below the EBF can be used to interpret field BFT data. In uniform aquifers, this approach can be applied to obtain estimates of K r from the conventional interpretation. Applications of this approach to the BFT field data set from a highly heterogeneous aquifer indicate that the constraint of aquifer homogeneity limits the applicability of this approach, but it can provide useful insights into the mechanism of flux redistribution near the borehole during the BFT.
Is Social Justice Relative When It Comes to Oral Health? The Realities of a Complex Health Issue

For decades pastoral theology has emphasized care for the whole person and, more recently, this focus has been expanded to include caring for the physical health of parishioners. However, an overlooked area of general fitness has been the importance of oral health. Dental caries and periodontal disease are among the most common chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations. Despite significant progress in preventing and managing these oral diseases, there is a large segment of the population that have not experienced the same gains. This paper seeks to begin to fill this gap by identifying key epidemiological, professional and ethical issues related to social justice and oral health. Disparities of oral disease and access to oral health care in the United States will be addressed by examining questions and issues related to social justice. Critical problems are identified, including inadequate financial resources, a disjointed infrastructure of care, separation from the general medical care system, and poor understanding of important oral health determinants. Furthermore, if oral health is integral to one’s overall health and general well-being, then the concept of a basic human right should be entertained. Faith-based groups could provide a link for bridging this disparity gap in oral health among their parishioners through active listening, advocacy and targeted educational programs.
Carbon nanotube cantilevers for next-generation sensors

Researchers continue to make smaller force sensors and mechanical resonators in an effort to enhance force sensitivity and achieve higher resonant frequencies. We explore the single wall carbon nanotube cantilever as the ultimate limit of this trend. Using molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the thermal vibrational spectrum of tip displacements, we find that the quality factor of the cantilever is independent of its length. This leads to the surprising result that the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio for a carbon nanotube cantilever improves with increased length. We discuss qualitative reasons why this result will also hold in a real carbon nanotube device.
Maternal Perceptions of Insufficient Milk Supply in Breastfeeding

Purpose Improving the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is a national and international priority. Insufficient milk supply is one of the most commonly cited reasons for early cessation or decreased exclusivity in women who have initiated breastfeeding. This paper is an integrative review of current research pertaining to perceived insufficient milk (PIM).
Mind the gap: challenges in the clinical management of Lynch syndrome families

Background Lynch syndrome is associated with mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations and high risk for early onset colorectal (mean age 44 yr), endometrial (46), ovarian (43), and stomach (56) cancers. The NCCN guidelines recommend colonoscopy in unaffected individuals with Lynch syndrome beginning at age 20-25 or ten years earlier than the youngest diagnosis in the family. Genetic testing is usually recommended just prior to the initiation of screening and not before age 18. Despite the reported mean ages, we often observe an outlier—an individual diagnosed with cancer much earlier than others in the family—which challenges our conventional wisdom and advice for the whole family. The purpose of this study was to explore how often this occurs, the size of age gap between the youngest diagnosis and the second youngest, and how these diagnoses may impact recommendations for other family members. Methods Full pedigrees of participants with MMR mutations from an IRB-approved hereditary cancer registry were analyzed with special attention to age of cancer diagnosis and degree of relationship to the consultant. Cancer diagnoses included in analysis were those for which there are management recommendations (colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, gastric, small bowel). Results Fifty-two Lynch syndrome families were identified; in 24 (46.2%), the earliest diagnosis was <35 and in 3 (5.8%) the earliest diagnosis was <28. Forty-eight had more than one individual with a Lynch-related tumor, and of those, 15 (31.3%) had an age gap of ≥10 years between the youngest diagnosis and second youngest diagnosis which would potentially impact recommendations for earliest age to test and screen. The average age gap overall was 7.3 years. Conclusions These data represent a clinical conundrum for those who provide genetic cancer risk assessment. Many clinicians may be inclined to provide reassurance to Lynch families whose cancer diagnoses are later in age. However, our results suggest adherence to the guideline recommending relatively early age for initiation of testing and screening given that 31.3% of families in our sample had an individual diagnosed ≥10 years before the next youngest diagnosis. Conversely, “the ten year rule” would cause 46% of families in our sample to begin screening before age 25 even if most others in the family were diagnosed after 40, and would invoke screening as well as genetic testing prior to age 18 in 5.8% of families. More research must be done to elucidate causes of variable expressivity in this syndrome.
Pressure broadening of Rb D 1 and D 2 lines by 3 He, 4 He, N 2 , and Xe: Line cores and near wings

We studied the line shape of Rb ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ resonance lines in the presence of 1--10 amg of several gases: ${}^{3}$He, ${}^{4}$He, N${}_{2}$, and Xe. We found that the line cores are well described by the asymmetric line shape expected for a van der Waals interatomic potential. The width and shift of the lines is proportional to the density of the foreign gas with high degree of accuracy, while the asymmetry is independent of the density. The constants of proportionality for pressure broadening and shift were measured with much higher accuracy than in previous experiments. We also studied the density dependence of the oscillator strength of the transitions.
Computer Applications in Power System Analysis at the Ohio State University

This paper will review the use of the computer (both main-frame and micro) as a tool in electric power system engineering education at The Ohio State University.
Response of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Vapor Pressure Deficit: Oviposition, Immature Survival, and Body Size

Whiteflies cause major agricultural problems in environments ranging from arid to humid climates on a global scale. A study was conducted on the effects of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on oviposition, hatching, body size, and survival of immature B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Experiments were conducted at VPD conditions of 0.5, 1.7, and 2.7 kPa to represent low, medium, and high VPD environments, respectively. The study was conducted at 26°C with insects reared on collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle. The rate of oviposition was decreased at the highest VPD treatment. However, percentage egg hatch was not significantly affected by the treatments. More time was required for eggs to hatch at a high (2.7 kPa) compared with a low (0.3 kPa) VPD in a separate experiment. Overall survival to the adult stage was decreased at the highest VPD (≈50%) compared with the other two VPD environments (≈75%). Sizes of males and females were different, as is well known, but VPD had little significant effect on adult body size (length and width). The size effect was erased when the F2 generations from the different treatments were reared under a common environment. Insect population models that include the most relevant environmental parameters can offer the best estimation of life-history events. These results help elucidate the ecology of B. tabaci and indicate that extremes in ambient moisture can have an impact on populations.
Further Studies on the Nutritive Value of Opaque-2 Corn for the Chick

Abstract CROMWELL et al. (1967, 1968), working with young chicks, reported only slight differences in growth rate and feed conversion by the isonitrogenous substitution of opaque-2 corn for normal corn in corn-soybean meal diets of suboptimal protein content. However, when a deficiency of the first limiting amino acid in this type of diet, methionine, was corrected by supplementation, significantly better gains and feed conversions were observed with opaque-2 corn as compared with normal corn. Since supplementation of normal corn diets with lysine up to the level in opaque-2 corn diets resulted in equal performance, it was concluded that the beneficial effects of opaque-2 over normal corn is mediated solely through the higher lysine content of opaque-2 corn. Analyses of plasma amino acids revealed higher lysine levels in chicks fed opaque-2 corn as compared with chicks fed normal corn. In the current studies, the nutritive value of opaque-2 and high protein opaque-2…
Catalytic Disproportionation of the Superoxide Intermediate from Electrochemical O2 Reduction in Nonaqueous Electrolytes

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) was found to be an efficient catalyst for rapid superoxide (O2(-)) disproportionation. The kinetics for the catalytic disproportionation reaction is much faster than the reaction between O2(-) and propylene carbonate. Therefore, the negative impact of the reaction between the electrolyte and O2(-) produced by the O2 reduction is minimized. The cathodic current for O2 reduction can be doubled in the presence of TPFPB. The high reduction current resulted from the pseudo two-electron O2-reduction reaction due to the replenishment of O2 at the electrode surface. This discovery could lead to a new avenue for the development of high-capacity, high-rate, rechargeable Li-air batteries.
Symptoms and clinical impressions of patients seen in a postpolio clinic

Abstract A retrospective study was performed to identify symptoms and clinical findings in postpolio patients seen in a postpolio clinic. Charts of 79 consecutive patients (28 men and 51 women) with histories and examinations compatible with the diagnosis of poliomyelitis were reviewed. The average current age of our patients was 47.3±10.4 years; the average age at onset of acute polio was 10.4±9.4 years; and the average number of years since function was first noticed to decline was 7.8±6.4 years. The most common symptoms acknowledged were progressive weakness (87%), muscle pain (86%), fatigue (86%), decreased activity level (78%), joint pain (77%), and back pain (70%). The clinical impression in most of these patients was arthritis/arthralgia (71% of the patients) or muscle overuse or myofascial pain (71%). Eleven (14%) had evidence of nerve compression, although 39% complained of sensory loss. Five patients had respiratory problems that required evaluation. Recommendations proved helpful for 78% of those seen at follow-up. These recommendations included pacing, energy conservation (planning, use of wheelchair or motorized scooter), gentle stretching or strengthening exercise, use of orthotic devices, weight loss or nutritional counseling, gentle aerobic exercise, use of a cane, and use of adaptive equipment.