cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Birth of the Modernist Art Museum: The Folkwang as Gesamtkunstwerk

The Folkwang Museum (1902) in Hagen, Germany, represented a radically new approach to museum design and display. Based on principles of a Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk , the museum overturned historicist museum principles. Following Nietzsche, the Folkwang’s founder and director, Karl Ernst Osthaus, advocated a spontaneous and individual relationship to artworks and praised art that yielded rich, synesthetic experiences. With the help of art critic Julius Meier-Graefe and designer Henry van de Velde, Osthaus defined an advanced formal language based in Parisian painterly aesthetics that he believed could provide the terms for coordinating the arts. In The Birth of the Modernist Art Museum: The Folkwang as Gesamtkunstwerk . Katherine Kuenzli shows that at the Folkwang, principles of simultaneity displaced linear narrative and historical and geographical classification. Through visually striking displays and ambitious educational programs, Osthaus and his colleagues also sought to expand the public for art. Unity remained elusive, however; Osthaus, Meier-Graefe, and van de Velde adopted competing ideological agendas that reveal the political heterogeneity of the Gesamtkunstwerk around 1900.
Fibonacci Numbers, Reduced Decompositions, and 321/3412 Pattern Classes

We provide a bijection between the permutations in Sn that avoid 3412 and contain exactly one 321 pattern with the permutations in Sn+1 that avoid 321 and contain exactly one 3412 pattern. The enumeration of these classes is obtained from their classification via reduced decompositions. The results are extended to involutions in the above pattern classes using reduced decompositions reproducing a result of Egge.
Model of biota-sediment accumulation factor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A model of the BSAF is constructed for PAHs using a steady-state representation of a benthic food web of a small creek. Analyses of the data collected by others on sediment, crayfish and sunfish PAH indicate that for the crayfish, the BSAF (kg org C kg lipid−1) range over log Kow is relatively narrow between 0.01 and 0.1. For the sunfish, a marked decline occurs in the station average BSAF with increasing log Kow to values ranging from 0.00001 to 0.005. A separation also occurs in the behavior of the PAH groups, with the unsubstituted PAHs constituting an approximate lower bound on the entire set of PAHs. Model calibration to crayfish and sunfish BSAF is accomplished through assignment of PAH (Kow) functions derived from laboratory data. The substituted naphthalenes in contrast to the unsubstituted PAHs are calculated to behave similarly to PCBs but lower by about one order of magnitude. Analyses of the model calibration indicate that (1) relative to the sunfish, the crayfish appear to exhibit reduced metabolism and higher gut assimilation efficiencies resulting in BSAFs different from sunfish BSAFs; (2) for the sunfish, the BSAF for unsubstituted PAHs declines rapidly with increasing Kow primarily because of low gut assimilation efficiency and increased metabolism and not because of reduced bioavailability of sediment PAH; and (3) the relative contribution of the food route and water route to the BSAF varies with Kow.
A catalogue of two-dimensional photometric decompositions in the SDSS-DR7 spectroscopic main galaxy sample: extension to g and i bands

We extend the catalogue of two-dimensional, PSF-corrected de Vacouleurs, Sersic, de Vacouleurs+Exponential, and Sersic+Exponential fits of ~7x10^5 galaxies presented in Meert, Vikram & Bernardi (2015) to include the g- and i-bands. Fits are analysed using the physically motivated flagging system presented in the original text, making adjustments for the differing signal-to-noise when necessary. We compare the fits in each of the g-, r-, and i-bands. Fixed aperture magnitudes and colours are also provided for all galaxies. The catalogues are available in electronic format.
Saints Alban and Amphibalus in the Works of Matthew Paris: Dublin, Trinity College MS 177

Matthieu Paris et sa celebration hagiographique de saint Alban, le protomartyr de Grande-Bretagne et de saint Amphibalus, le missionnaire qui convertit Alban. Une piece importante de ce "dossier hagiographique": un manuscrit ecrit et illustre par Matthieu Paris: Dublin, Trinity College MS 177 (auparavant E.i 40). Contenu: deux passions en latin d'Alban et d'Amphibalus| un poeme anglo-normand par Matthieu, connu sous le nom de La vie de Seint Auban (mais qui est aussi une passion), version des passions latines du ms., dues a un moine de Saint-Alban, Guillaume (milieu XII siecle). L'A. recherche quelle a ete la contribution personnelle de Matthieu a l'histoire des deux saints, dans son poeme et dans ses illustrations, et quelle est l'intention de cette collection.
Effects of Filovirus Interferon Antagonists on Responses of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells to RNA Virus Infection.

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells (DCs) are major targets of filovirus infection in vivo . Previous studies have shown that the filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) suppress DC maturation in vitro . Both viruses also encode innate immune evasion functions. The EBOV VP35 (eVP35) and the MARV VP35 (mVP35) proteins each can block RIG-I-like receptor signaling and alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) production. The EBOV VP24 (eVP24) and MARV VP40 (mVP40) proteins each inhibit the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) by blocking Jak-STAT signaling; however, this occurs by different mechanisms, with eVP24 blocking nuclear import of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 and mVP40 blocking Jak1 function. MARV VP24 (mVP24) has been demonstrated to modulate host cell antioxidant responses. Previous studies demonstrated that eVP35 is sufficient to strongly impair primary human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) responses upon stimulation induced through the RIG-I-like receptor pathways. We demonstrate that mVP35, like eVP35, suppresses not only IFN-α/β production but also proinflammatory responses after stimulation of MDDCs with RIG-I activators. In contrast, eVP24 and mVP40, despite suppressing ISG production upon RIG-I activation, failed to block upregulation of maturation markers or T cell activation. mVP24, although able to stimulate expression of antioxidant response genes, had no measurable impact of DC function. These data are consistent with a model where filoviral VP35 proteins are the major suppressors of DC maturation during filovirus infection, whereas the filoviral VP24 proteins and mVP40 are insufficient to prevent DC maturation. IMPORTANCE The ability to suppress the function of dendritic cells (DCs) likely contributes to the pathogenesis of disease caused by the filoviruses Ebola virus and Marburg virus. To clarify the basis for this DC suppression, we assessed the effect of filovirus proteins known to antagonize innate immune signaling pathways, including Ebola virus VP35 and VP24 and Marburg virus VP35, VP40, and VP24, on DC maturation and function. The data demonstrate that the VP35s from Ebola virus and Marburg virus are the major suppressors of DC maturation and that the effects on DCs of the remaining innate immune inhibitors are minor.
Effects of quinidine on venous responses to adrenergic and nonadrenergic constrictor stimuli: indirect evidence of two sites of action in vascular smooth muscle.

SummaryThe effect of quinidine on adrenergic and nonadrenergic constrictor stimuli was studied in the perfused canine saphenous vein. Quinidine significantly reduced constrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, phenylephrine and norepinephrine while responses to a nonadrenergic constrictor drug, 5-hydroxytryptamine, were not reduced, indicating that quinidine interferes with stimuli that activate alpha adrenergic receptors. Quinidine also had a smaller yet significant effect on constrictor response to KCl suggesting a possible second site of action.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) gp160 Epitopes in Rapidly Progressing and Nonprogressing HIV-1-Infected Subjects

Antibody response to conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)IIIB gp160 epitopes was longitudinally examined in HIV-1-infected persons. Twelve hundred individuals were evaluated, and sequential sera from 25 rapidly progressing (RP) and 30 nonprogressing (NP) subjects collected over an average of 4 years were examined. Initial sera from the RP group contained greater reactivity to a gp120 epitope defined by peptide 503-528 than did sera from the NP group (P < .001). Reactivity declined with sequential sera for the RP group, paralleling disease progression. Conversely, antibody recognition to this site developed in 23% of the NP group with time. However, 60% of the NP group never developed a response to this epitope. This suggests sequential examination of antibody response to an epitope within the gp120 carboxyl-terminus may have prognostic significance. No association between antibodies directed against the gp160 epitopes and in vitro neutralizing activity against HIV-1IIIB was observed.
Origins of Unusual Phase Behavior in Polymer/Ionic Liquid Solutions

Recent experimental studies [Lee Macromolecules 2012, 45, 3627−3633] on polymer/IL solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) show some striking trends in the phase boundaries. While most polymer solutions have critical compositions (ϕcrit) that are solvent-rich, these systems had phase diagrams that were either roughly symmetric (ϕcrit ≈ 50%), or, in other related systems, had ϕcrit shifted even more toward polymer-rich compositions. In this work, we carry out a modeling investigation to probe the origins of this shift in the location of the critical composition. There appear to be two underlying sources: The first is a significantly stronger cohesive energy density, and lowered free volume, for the pure solvent component relative to the pure polymer component. This manifests itself as a “role reversal” in the pure component energetic parameters, compared to those of more typical polymer solutions. The resulting unfavorable entropic effects in ...
BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON PHLEBIA ACERINA, P. RUFA, AND P. RADIATA IN NORTH AMERICA

Three closely related species, Phlebia rufa, P. acerina, and P. radiata, were analyzed with molecular, morphological, genetic, and physiological methods. Emphasis was placed on the phenotypically similar taxa P. rufa and P. acerina. Phlebia acerina is common and widely distributed in North America, but P. rufa occurs only in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Although often considered conspecific, P. acerina and P. rufa are intersterile. In addition, differences in basidioma and cultural traits support their separation. At the molecular level, these species differ slightly in sequence of an internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat and a part of the large mitochondrial rRNA gene. Restriction maps of the small mitochondrial rRNA gene and flanking regions provide further evidence that the species are distinct but closely related. This report includes basidioma and cultural descriptions of both species. Phlebia radiata is genetically distinct but shares many morphological and molecular traits with P. acerina and P. rufa. Cladistic analyses of molecular data showed that the three taxa are closely related relative to the outgroup taxa P. ludoviciana and P. subochracea.
Origin of stereoselectivity of the alkylation of cyclohexadienone-derived bicyclic malonates.

The diastereoselectivity of the alkylation of bicyclic malonates has been studied experimentally and computationally. In accordance with previous observations during a total synthesis of sorbicilla...
Immigration politics and group consciousness for newcomers to Southern US politics

This paper examines the role of immigration politics and group consciousness in Hispanic and Asian American vote preferences in a Southern US statewide election. Using a single public opinion data ...
Study on Al-Ti-C Grain Refiners

The Al-Ti-C grain refiners contain 0.09%-0.71% C were prepared with the general melting cast, and the thermodynamics of melt chemical reaction were analyzed. With the X-ray technique, SEM and metallograph experiment, the microstructures of Al-Ti-C master alloys as well as the size and distribution of TiC phase were studied. Grain refining effects of Al-Ti-C upon 99.7% Al have been investigated: if putting in AlTi5CO.2 block, the refining effects were very good after they were put in two minutes and the effects didn't decrease untill 2h, while putting in AlTi5CO.2 pouder the refining effects not obvious.
Development of Library Resources Construction under Internet Environment

This article analyzes the Internet environment in the library and the effects that the Internet brings to the library resources construction. It is emphasized to introduce electronic documents and develop the Internet resources. It is also suggested that a resource sharing network should be established among libraries.
Algorithm for shooting-forbidden area of shipborne weapon

To prevent projectiles of shipborne weapons from threatening the facilities on board the ship,it is necessary to demarcate a shooting forbidden area to limit weapon operations of weapons.Considering sufficient clearance added onto ship obstructions,a kind of algorithm for the shooting-forbidden area of shipboard weapon was proposed based on clearance.After the analysis of several factors influencing clearance value,the clearance value determined by ship movement was mainly discussed.Then,by the algorithm,a space geometry model was established for calculating the shooting-forbidden area and the angle range which can satisfy the clearance was got by means of computer search.Combining the two steps above,the algorithm could figure out the shooting-forbidden area of shipboard weapons.The result of computer operation shows that the algorithm is valid and accurate and offers a graphic expression for shooting-forbidden area.
A comparison of the CHARGE-AF and the CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores for prediction of atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide and increases risks of stroke, heart failure, and death. The CHARGE-AF risk score was developed to predict incident AF in three American cohorts and it was validated in two European cohorts. The CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc risk score was derived to predict risk of stroke, peripheral embolism, and pulmonary embolism in individuals with AF, but it has been increasingly used for AF risk prediction. We compared CHARGE-AF risk score versus CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc risk score for incident AF risk in a community-based cohort. Methods and Results We studied Framingham Heart Study participants aged 46 to 94 years without prevalent AF and with complete covariates. We predicted AF risk using Fine-Gray proportional sub-distribution hazards regression. We used the Wald χ 2 statistic for model fit, C-statistic for discrimination, and Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) χ 2 statistic for calibration. We included 9722 observations (mean age 63.9 ± 10.6 years, 56% women) from 4548 unique individuals: 752 (16.5%) developed incident AF and 793 (17.4%) died. The mean CHARGE-AF score was 12.0 ± 1.2 and the sub-distribution hazard ratio (sHR) for AF per unit increment was 2.15 (95% CI, 99-131%; P 2 DS 2 -VASc score was 2.0 ± 1.5 and the sHR for AF per unit increment was 1.43 (95% CI, 37%-51%; P 2 DS 2 -VASc (Wald χ 2 = 403 vs 209, both with 1 df ), improved discrimination (C-statistic = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.73-0.76 vs C-statistic = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.69-0.73), and better calibration (HL χ 2 = 5.6, P = .69 vs HL χ 2 = 28.5, P Conclusion The CHARGE-AF risk score performed better than the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc risk score at predicting AF in a community-based cohort.
L-arginine suffusion restores response to acetylcholine in brain arterioles with damaged endothelium.

Minor endothelial injury was produced in pial arterioles by a laser-Evans blue technique. This technique previously has been shown to prevent relaxation of the arterioles by topical acetylcholine (...
Co‐Provider Marriages

Co-provider marriages in which husbands and wives jointly provide shelter, food, and clothing for their families have existed for centuries. The extent to which both spouses' breadwinning efforts have been recognized, however, has varied over time. Currently, 65 percent of married couples in the United States are dual earners. Often overlooked are the meanings dual-earner spouses ascribe to paid employment, and husbands often retain the psychological responsibility to provide. Dual-earner couples in which both spouses assume responsibility for breadwinning have been termed “co-providers.” In contrast to research that assumed similar attitudes between spouses, contemporary husbands and wives in dual-earner marriages are likely to have discrepant provider role attitudes. The extent to which dual-earner husbands and wives in the United States view wives' paid employment as essential varies among couples and often between spouses and has important implications for spouses' role-related stress, division of housework, and marital satisfaction. Keywords: co-providers; division of labor; dual-earner couples; employment; gender; marriage; provider role attitudes; provider roles
The Relation between Super-Resolution and a Priori Information in Probabilistic Inverse Scattering

The purpose of this short note is the presentation of some results of inverse scattering calculations that illustrate the dependence of resolution on a priori information concerning the nature of possible scatterers. The various inversion algorithms are optimal in the context of probabilistic estimation theory, i.e., the best estimate is the most probable scatterer given the set of scattering measurements. The central entity in this procedure is a probabilistic measurement model embracing (a) a representation of the scattering process, (b) the statistical nature of the possible scatterers, and (c) the statistical nature of the experimental error. This paper deals with the relation between inversion quality, in particular the resolution of an image-like output, and the nature of (b) with a given measurement system. Clearly as the a priori information becomes more restrictive, a progressively smaller set of measurements suffices for a prescribed level of inversion quality.
Charge Recombination Kinetics of cyt \(\underline c _{558}^ + \) and \(Q_A^ -\) in Reaction Centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis

Reaction centers from the photosynthetic bacteria Rp. viridis contain bound cytochromes, including two high potential cytochrome \(\underline c _{558} \). When depleted of secondary quinone, isolated reaction centers perform the following light-induced reaction sequences: $$ccPQ_a \xrightarrow{{hv}}ccP^ + Q_A^ - \to cc^ + PQ_A^ - $$ (Rxn.1)
Greater need to belong predicts a stronger preference for extraverted faces

Abstract Humans have a pervasive need to belong that subsequently elicits responses to facilitate affiliative opportunity, including enhanced perceptual acuity toward affiliative cues. Given past research indicating individuals can accurately detect another's extraversion from facial cues, and that extraversion is associated with sociality and larger social networks, we predicted that higher belongingness needs would be associated with stronger preferences for extraverted targets, based on facial cues. To test this hypothesis, participants viewed face pairs, with one face manipulated to be extraverted and another face introverted, and indicated their preferences; participants also completed the need to belong scale. Higher need to belong was associated with a greater preference for extraverted, relative to introverted, target faces, r(147) = 0.160, p = 0.051, [95% CI: 0.00, 0.31]. Results were not qualified by target or participant sex. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that greater belonging needs lead individuals to prefer others most likely to satisfy that need, specifically, more extraverted social targets.
Biomarkers of Outcome in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy

Prostate cancer represents one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. Although subsets of prostate cancer are aggressive and can metastasize, it is also evident that most patients harbor indolent disease. Although current risk-stratification approaches use both clinical and pathologic factors, it is clear that biomarkers can be used to improve on these approaches. In this article, we review the currently published literature on prostate cancer molecular biomarkers, primarily in the context of radiation therapy, focusing on those found in serum, plasma, urine, and within the tumor biopsy itself. We highlight the potential use and limitations of these biomarkers and present possible future directions for biomarker investigation.
Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the mid-Atlantic region and comparison of in vivo and in vitro detection methods

Abstract Despite strong economic opportunities and incentives for small ruminant production, their health and productivity are often severely affected by parasitic disease. To combat these effects, most farms administer anthelmintics to their animals at frequent intervals, and without consideration to principles of sustainable integrated parasite management (SIPM). This has led to growing problems caused by the development of drug-resistant populations of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in much of the world, particularly in Haemonchus contortus . The objectives of this research were to characterize levels of anthelmintic resistance on small ruminant farms located in the mid-Atlantic US and to compare the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval development assay (LDA) for detecting resistance. To achieve these objectives, the DrenchRite ® LDA was used to evaluate resistance status to benzimidazoles, ivermectin, moxidectin, and levamisole on 20 goat and 14 sheep farms in the Mid-Atlantic US over a 2-year period. A FECRT was also conducted on 14 of the same farms and on 2 additional farms in which the LDA was not completed. For the LDA and coprocultures, fecal samples were collected rectally from a minimum of 10 individual animals, pooled, and express-mailed to the University of Georgia for analysis. For the FECRT, albendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin, and/or levamisole were tested on each farm. Animals were allocated randomly based on FAMACHA © scores to 2–5 treatment groups, which included an untreated control group. The number of treatment groups on a farm depended on the number of qualified animals present. Haemonchus contortus was the most common parasite recovered from fecal cultures; the mean level across all farms was 79%. Results of the LDA indicated resistance to benzimidazoles, ivermectin, moxidectin, and levamisole on 100%, 82%, 47%, and 24% of farms, respectively. Multi-drug resistance to all 3 drug classes was detected for H. contortus on 18% of farms (1 sheep and 5 goat farms). Of the 16 farms tested by FECRT, resistance to albendazole was present on 8/10 farms, to ivermectin on 4/4 farms, to moxidectin on 7/9 farms and to levamisole on 2/5 farms tested. Results obtained from the FECRT and the LDA (p = 0.51) were similar. The prevalence of resistance found in this study in the mid-Atlantic region of the US is very similar to that reported in an earlier survey of resistance performed in the Southern US, demonstrating that anthelmintic resistance in GIN is a serious problem on small ruminant farms throughout the Eastern US.
An integrating radiation monitor for intense beams

For the purposes of protecting downstream equipment in accelerator beam lines, radiation interlock systems generally trip when the particle flux reaches a certain level. In extracted beams, a spike in intensity will often cause a trip, even though the number of delivered particles at the time of the trip is below a desired level. This trip occurs because radiation monitors respond to flux, that is, they develop an output proportional to mR/hr (or R/hr). The addition of an integrating circuit to a commercially available radiation monitor permits it to interlock intense beams at a preset number of particles, rather than at a preset rate. The integrator works by inverting the transfer function of the radiation monitor/scintillator combination. The integration technique effectively prevents intensity spikes in the spill from causing beam trips, yet it properly limits the downstream exposure to some given level. We describe the circuit in detail, and give some data on calibration and testing in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. >
Wave propagation in elastic and damped structures with stabilized negative-stiffness components

Abstract Effects on wave propagation achievable by introduction of a negative-stiffness component are investigated via perhaps the simplest discrete repeating element that can remain stable in the component’s presence. When the system is elastic, appropriate tuning of the stabilized component’s negative stiffness introduces a no-pass zone theoretically extending from zero to an arbitrarily high frequency, tunable by a mass ratio adjustment. When the negative-stiffness component is tuned to the system’s stability limit and a mass ratio is sufficiently small, the system restricts propagation to waves of approximately a single arbitrary frequency, adjustable by tuning the stiffness ratio of the positive-stiffness components. The elastic system’s general solutions are closed-form and transparent. When damping is added, the general solutions are still closed-form, but so complex that they do not clearly display how the negative stiffness component affects the system’s response and how it should best be tuned to achieve desired effects. Approximate solutions having these features are obtained via four perturbation analyses: one for long wavelengths; one for small damping; and two for small mass ratios. The long-wavelengths solution shows that appropriate tuning of the negative-stiffness component can prevent propagation of long-wavelength waves. The small damping solution shows that the zero-damping low-frequency no-pass zone remains, while waves that do propagate are highly damped when a mass ratio is made small. Finally, very interesting effects are achievable at the full system’s stability limit. For small mass ratios, the wavelength range of waves prohibited from propagation can be adjusted, from all to none, by tuning the system’s damping: When one mass ratio is small, all waves with wavelengths larger than an arbitrary damping-adjusted value can be prohibited from propagation, while when the inverse of this mass ratio is small, all waves with wavelengths outside an arbitrary single adjustable value or range of values can be prohibited from propagation. All of the approximate solutions’ analytically-transparent predictions are confirmed by the exact solution. The conclusions are that a stabilized tuned negative-stiffness component greatly enhances control of wave propagation in a purely elastic system, and when adjustable damping is added, even further control is facilitated.
Historical Infanticide and the “Massacre of the Innocents” in the Old Saxon Heliand

This study addresses the Old Saxon Heliand’s expanded version of the “Massacre of the Innocents” narrative in light of contemporary Germanic infanticide practices. It is well established that one of the primary purposes of the Heliand, a vernacular adaptation of the Gospel that refigures Jesus as a Germanic lord, was to draw the newly converted Saxons away from indigenous practices that conflicted with Christian beliefs. I argue that the Heliand’s brutal descriptions of the Massacre’s violence and its pathos-laden accounts of the mothers’ sorrow at the loss of their children served as a way to condemn the Saxons’ practice of killing unwanted children through abandonment or exposure, as well as a means to acknowledge the trauma that victims of the practice undoubtedly experienced. Particular attention is paid to the lexical choices the poet makes while describing Herod’s soldiers, the slain children, and the sorrowful mothers.
Mechanical Support of the Cardiovascular System: Extracorporeal Life Support/Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventricular Assist Devices

the success of ECMO in the neonatal respiratory failure population, ECMO has been expanded to older patients and to those with cardiac dysfunction. To date, ECMO remains the modality that is most easily available for infants and children with cardiac failure, and much of the literature regarding circulatory support of children with cardiac failure is based on ECMO support. Although the majority of patients are postoperative from repair of congenital heart defects, patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart transplant, and others have also been successfully supported with ECMO [5,6]. The cannulation techniques and circuit designs used in provision of ECMO have been previously described [7]. Briefl y, ECMO consists of draining venous blood from the body through a polypropylene circuit to a roller head or centrifugal pumping device from which blood is advanced to a membrane oxygenator. Here, oxygen is added to the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygenated blood is then sent through a heat exchanger that rewarms or cools it to the desired temperature, and it is then returned to the body. The two major forms of ECMO support are venovenous and venoarterial.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of UAV-Assisted mmWave HetNets

We study downlink transmission in a multi-band heterogeneous network comprising unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) small base stations and ground-based dual mode mmWave small cells within the coverage area of a microwave ($\mu W$) macro base station. We formulate a two-layer optimization framework to simultaneously find efficient coverage radius for the UAVs and energy efficient radio resource management for the network, subject to minimum quality-of-service (QoS) and maximum transmission power constraints. The outer layer derives an optimal coverage radius/height for each UAV as a function of the maximum allowed path loss. The inner layer formulates an optimization problem to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE), defined as the ratio between the aggregate user data rate delivered by the system and its aggregate energy consumption (downlink transmission and circuit power). We demonstrate that at certain values of the target SINR $\displaystyle \tau$ introducing the UAV base stations doubles the EE. We also show that an increase in $\displaystyle \tau$ beyond an optimal EE point decreases the EE.
Creativity Research in Mathematics Education Simplified: Using the Concept of Bisociation as Ockham’s Razor

This chapter proposes that bisociation, the Koestler theory of the creativity of the “Aha!” Moment, is the Ockham Razor for creativity research in mathematics education. It shows the power of bisociation in simplifying unnecessary components and in the synthesis of the fragmented ones. The discussion leads through the relationship of bisociation with Piaget’s reflective abstraction, proposes cognitive/affective duality of the “Aha!” Moment and enriches Mason’s theory of attention by the new structure of simultaneous attention necessary for the Eureka experience.
Modeling the impact of various variables on severity of crashes involving traffic barriers

Traffic barriers are in widespread use all around the world as measures for decreasing the severity of roadside crashes. Considering a comprehensive set of more than 160 variables, this article pre...
Cost-efficient data acquisition on online data marketplaces for correlation analysis

Incentivized by the enormous economic profits, the data marketplace platform has been proliferated recently. In this paper, we consider the data marketplace setting where a data shopper would like to buy data instances from the data marketplace for correlation analysis of certain attributes. We assume that the data in the marketplace is dirty and not free. The goal is to find the data instances from a large number of datasets in the marketplace whose join result not only is of high-quality and rich join informativeness, but also delivers the best correlation between the requested attributes. To achieve this goal, we design DANCE, a middleware that provides the desired data acquisition service. DANCE consists of two phases: (1) In the off-line phase, it constructs a two-layer join graph from samples. The join graph includes the information of the datasets in the marketplace at both schema and instance levels; (2) In the online phase, it searches for the data instances that satisfy the constraints of data quality, budget, and join informativeness, while maximizing the correlation of source and target attribute sets. We prove that the complexity of the search problem is NP-hard, and design a heuristic algorithm based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Experiment results on two benchmark and one real datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our heuristic data acquisition algorithm.
Neural and Genetic Mechanisms of Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a common neurodevelopmental disorder and is marked by the failure to acquire reading in spite of normal nonverbal intelligence and adequate schooling. In spite of the plethora of interventions on the market, none claim 100% success and many individuals with dyslexia never achieve age-appropriate reading skills. This result is likely due to an increasingly accepted level of heterogeneity in this population, not just in the behavioral deficits present but in the core neural and genetic mechanisms as well. The differences in genetics, especially, have led to significant challenges for researchers to determine the biological mechanisms underlying dyslexia and optimize customized intervention options. Animal models are appealing for this type of research, because individual genes can be manipulated and the results studied in an ethical manner. This approach has led to new insights on the neurological and genetic causes of dyslexia but raises new questions about how well these models represent the biological underpinnings of this disorder in humans. In this chapter, I discuss the history of mechanism research in humans with dyslexia, recent approaches to tackling these questions in animal models, and the relationship between these findings and those in humans. I also discuss potential applications for this approach in the future as well as the limitations of this method.
Vision-Based Personal Safety Messages (PSMs) Generation for Connected Vehicles

Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication can significantly improve pedestrian safety in a connected vehicle environment. However, pedestrian safety is hindered as pedestrians often do not carry hand-held devices that provide low latency wireless communication (e.g., dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-enabled device or emerging 5G-enabled cell phone) to communicate with nearby connected vehicles. The contribution of this paper lies in developing a vision-based approach to generate personal safety messages (PSMs) in real-time utilizing video streams from roadside traffic cameras, following the standard of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (SAE J2945) that can be used by connected vehicle pedestrian safety applications. Our analysis reveals that the vision-based approach can estimate pedestrians’ location and speed more accurately than existing DSRC-enabled pedestrian hand-held devices. A system-level validation was performed by developing a connected vehicle related pedestrian safety application, “pedestrian in signalized crosswalk warning (PSCW),” that uses the generated PSMs from our vision-based approach. The results from the calculated average time-to-collision (TTC) value demonstrate the efficacy of our method in generating real-time collision warnings to avoid possible vehicle-pedestrian collisions. Our analysis also shows that the vision-based pedestrian safety warning system satisfies the latency requirement for the PSCW safety application in a connected vehicle environment.
Submillimeter Wave Astronomy

Scientific Overview Astronomical observations at submillimeter wavelengths, between 40 μm and 1 mm, study astro-physical sources and problems which differ from and complement those accessible at other wavelengths. Although a few nonthermal sources are known, most of the radiation observed in this spectral band from astronomical sources outside of the solar system comes from extended clouds of gas and dust with temperatures in the range 10-500 K and densities between 10 and 106 atoms cm−3. The submillimeter radiation consists of both continuous emission from the sub-micron sized dust particles, which make up ∼ 1% of the total mass, and line emission from atomic and molecular species in the gas. The energy radiated at submillimeter wavelengths is generally supplied to such a cloud in the form of ultraviolet, optical, or near infrared radiation from stars or other luminous objects which is absorbed by the dust and goes into heating the dust and gas. Since only a small amount of dust is required to convert ultraviolet and optical radiation into submillimeter radiation, there are many astronomical sources from which most or all of the observed energy lies in this spectral region, although the objects which heat the dust and gas differ from one submillimeter source to another. Thus intense submillimeter radiation is seen from the center of our Galaxy [1] and from diffusely distributed matter within the galactic plane [2], where the heating is probably due to normal stars; from the nuclei of several other galaxies [3], where exotic heating sources may be important; and from shells of dust and gas which are expelled from and heated by evolving stars [4].
Managing post-sexual assault suicide risk

Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior are common after experiencing a sexual assault. Therefore, it is imperative to assess for and manage suicidal ideation using evidence-based techniques after a sexual assault medical forensic examination (SAMFE). We assessed factors associated with higher suicidal ideation identified in a post-SAMFE mental health screening conducted over the phone and strategies to manage suicide risk. We also discuss three case examples and unique considerations when assessing post-SAMFE suicide risk. It was found that among individuals who completed a post-SAMFE screen, individuals who have been previously hospitalized for a mental health problem, who had higher acute stress symptoms, and who were homeless reported more suicidal ideation than those without those histories or symptom presentations. No matter the risk factors for suicidal ideation post-SAMFE, it is essential to screen all individuals post-SAMFE due to their high risk for suicidal ideation and death by suicide.
The Zenith Scheme: A Novel Modulation Technique for MIMO OFDM Systems with 2D-FFT

In this paper, the Zenith scheme is proposed for MIMO OFDM systems, which modulates data on the 2-dimensional sinusoids. The Zenith scheme is an open-loop solution, but achieves better performance than the closed-loop solution in certain cases. Therefore, the Zenith scheme will likely add to the list of good options for data modulation in wireless networks.
Institutional Bioeconomics and the Division of Labor: Reflections on Yarbrough & Yarbrough' Paper

The New Institutional Economics might have significant interactions with the economics of non-human societies. Some possibilities are considered in connection with the ideas of Yarbrough and Yarbrough on human societies. First, the need for enforcement may be less when the organisms in question treat one another as resources. Second, theories of the division of labor that have been developed in biology are applicable to human societies. There may be some interesting alternatives to traditional sociobiology as well.
Enhanced Convergence of Quantum Typicality using a Randomized Low-Rank Approximation

We present a method to reduce the variance of stochastic trace estimators used in quantum typicality (QT) methods via a randomized low-rank approximation of the finite-temperature density matrix $e^{-\beta H}$. The trace can be evaluated with higher accuracy in the low-rank subspace while using the QT estimator to approximate the trace in the complementary subspace. We present two variants of the trace estimator and demonstrate their efficacy using numerical experiments. The experiments show that the low-rank approximation outperforms the standard QT trace estimator for moderate- to low-temperature. We argue this is due to the low-rank approximation accurately represent the density matrix at low temperatures, allowing for accurate results for the trace.
Structure and function of an Arabidopsis thaliana sulfate transporter

Plant sulfate transporters (SULTR) mediate absorption and distribution of sulfate (SO42−) and are essential for plant growth; however, our understanding of their structures and functions remains inadequate. Here we present the structure of a SULTR from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSULTR4;1, in complex with SO42− at an overall resolution of 2.8 A. AtSULTR4;1 forms a homodimer and has a structural fold typical of the SLC26 family of anion transporters. The bound SO42− is coordinated by side-chain hydroxyls and backbone amides, and further stabilized electrostatically by the conserved Arg393 and two helix dipoles. Proton and SO42− are co-transported by AtSULTR4;1 and a proton gradient significantly enhances SO42− transport. Glu347, which is ~7 A from the bound SO42−, is required for H+-driven transport. The cytosolic STAS domain interacts with transmembrane domains, and deletion of the STAS domain or mutations to the interface compromises dimer formation and reduces SO42− transport, suggesting a regulatory function of the STAS domain. Plant sulfate transporters mediate absorption and distribution of sulfate. Here the authors present functional assays and a cryo-EM structure of the Arabidopsis SULTR4;1 transporter identifying key domains for dimerization, substrate binding and coupling of transport activity to a proton gradient.
A Conceptual Framework for Incorporating Mentoring in the Clinical Supervision of International Counseling Students.

There has been an increased number of international students attending universities in the United States, which has resulted in a growing number of international students in counseling programs. Cultural differences necessitate culturally appropriate supervision models for counselors and supervisors to utilize when working with international students. The authors identify and delineate the challenges and unique supervision needs of international counseling students and highlight the importance of mentoring as a culturally appropriate complementary supervision technique when supervising international counseling students. The authors propose the inclusion of mentoring with Bernard’s discrimination model of supervision as a strategy to enhance the counseling skills of international students.
Cardiogenic shock and machine learning: A systematic review on prediction through clinical decision support softwares.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiogenic shock (CS) withholds a significantly high mortality rate between 40% and 60% despite advances in diagnosis and medical/surgical intervention. To date, machine learning (ML) is being implemented to integrate numerous data to optimize early diagnostic predictions and suggest clinical courses. This systematic review summarizes the area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) accuracy for the early prediction of CS. METHODS A systematic review was conducted within databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key/MEDLINE, Embase, GoogleScholar, and Cochrane. Cohort studies that assessed the accuracy of early detection of CS using ML software were included. Data extraction was focused on AUC-ROC values directed towards the early detection of CS. RESULTS A total of 943 studies were included for systematic review. From the reviewed studies, 2.2% (N = 21) evaluated patient outcomes, of which 14.3% (N = 3) were assessed. The collective patient cohort (N = 698) consisted of 314 (45.0%) females, with an average age and body mass index of 64.1 years and 28.1 kg/m2 , respectively. Collectively, 159 (22.8%) mortalities were reported following early CS detection. Altogether, the AUC-ROC value was 0.82 (α = .05), deeming it of superb sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS From the present comprehensively gathered data, this study accounts the use of ML software for the early detection of CS in a clinical setting as a valid tool to predict patients at risk of CS. The complexity of ML and its parallel lack of clinical evidence implies that further prospective randomized control trials are needed to draw definitive conclusions before standardizing the use of these technologies. BRIEF SUMMARY The catastrophic risk of developing CS continues to be a concern in the management of critical cardiac care. The use of ML predictive models have the potential to provide the accurate and necessary feedback for the early detection and proper management of CS. This systematic review summarizes the AUC-ROCs accuracy for the early prediction of CS.
Systems performance prediction using requirements quality attributes classification

Poor requirements definition can adversely impact system cost and performance for government acquisition programs. This can be mitigated by ensuring requirements statements are written in a clear and unambiguous manner with high linguistic quality. This paper introduces a statistical model that uses requirements quality factors to predict system operational performance. This work explores four classification techniques (Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor) to develop the predictive model. This model is created using empirical data from current major acquisition programs within the federal government. Operational Requirements Documents and Operational Test Reports are the data sources, respectively, for the system requirements statements and the accompanying operational test results used for model development. A commercial-off-the-shelf requirements quality analysis tool is used to determine the requirements linguistic quality metrics used in the model. Subsequent to model construction, the predictive value of the model is confirmed through execution of a sensitivity analysis, cross-validation of the data, and an overfitting analysis. Lastly, Receiver Operating Characteristics are examined to determine the best performing model. In all, the results establish that requirements quality is indeed a predictive factor for end-system operational performance, and the resulting statistical model can influence requirements development based on likelihood of successful operational performance.
Spitzer's stellar work.

In the News Feature “After Hubble” (24 April, p. 388), D. Clery inappropriately characterizes the Spitzer Space Telescope as “now largely blind.” In fact, Spitzer is alive and well and continuing to make substantial contributions to the advancement of astrophysics and to scientific preparations for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The exhaustion of Spitzer's cryogen in mid-2009 left the observatory with two functioning imaging arrays at wavelengths of 3.6 and 4.5 µm. The performance of what is now called “Warm” Spitzer at these wavelengths matches that achieved during the cryogenic mission. Despite its small size, Spitzer is by far the most sensitive telescope, space or ground, available at these wavelengths. The science community has used Warm Spitzer for important scientific investigations, including studies of exoplanets, the early universe, variable stars to define better the cosmic distance ladder, clusters of galaxies, near-Earth asteroids, and comets. Spitzer remains very much in demand; for the past 2 years, the oversubscription for requested observing time has been the highest of the mission.