cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating diverse information resources in a case-based design environment

Abstract The success of case-based design aids depends both on the case-based reasoning processes they apply and on effectively integrating those processes into the larger task context: on making the case-based reasoning component present case information at the right time and in the right way, on exploiting additional information resources as needed to supplement the case library and to guide case application, on capturing useful information from current reasoning and providing it to up- and down-stream designers, and on unobtrusively learning new cases during the design process. This article presents a set of principles and techniques for integrated case-based design support systems and illustrates their application through a case study of the Stamping Advisor, a system to support feasibility analysis for sheet metal automotive parts.
Both sequence and context are important for flagellar targeting of a glucose transporter

Many of the cilia- and flagella-specific integral membrane proteins identified to date function to sense the extracellular milieu, and there is considerable interest in defining pathways for targeting such proteins to these sensory organelles. The flagellar glucose transporter of Leishmania mexicana, LmxGT1, is targeted selectively to the flagellar membrane, whereas two other isoforms, LmxGT2 and LmxGT3, are targeted to the pellicular plasma membrane of the cell body. To define the flagellar targeting signal, deletions and point mutations were generated in the N-terminal hydrophilic domain of LmxGT1, which mediates flagellar localization. Three amino acids, N95-P96-M97, serve critical roles in flagellar targeting, resulting in strong mistargeting phenotypes when mutagenized. However, to facilitate flagellar targeting of other non-flagellar membrane proteins, it was necessary to attach a larger region surrounding the NPM motif containing amino acids 81-113. Molecular modeling suggests that this region might present the critical NPM residues at the surface of the N-terminal domain. It is likely that the NPM motif is recognized by currently unknown protein-binding partners that mediate flagellar targeting of membrane-associated proteins.
FREQUENCY AND GROUPING OF VESSEL ENDINGS IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA) SHOOTS

Summary Vessel endings in various parts of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) shoot were mapped by an India ink movement method. Stems were excised at various locations between the fifth and sixth nodes below the apex and placed in vials of India ink. Vessel endings were determined by examining the distance to which ink penetrated in the transpiration stream; the particles of India ink are too large to pass from vessel to vessel through pit membranes. The highest frequencies of vessel endings were found (1) in the petiolules and blades of the leaflets, (2) in the pulvinus of the petiole where the leaf traces emerge from the stem and anastomose while traversing the abscission zone, and (3) in the stem nodes where leaf traces arise and vascular bundles anastomose. The frequency of vessel endings was low and uniformly distributed throughout both internodes and petioles. Vessels were longest in the internodes and shortest in the leaflets. The regions where vessel endings were grouped coincided with those determined in other studies to be particularly susceptible to vascular blocking by macromolecules such as those produced by vascular wilt pathogens.
Classification of Depolarizing Mueller Matrices

Within the sixteen-dimensional space of Mueller matrices, nine degrees of freedom are associated with depolarization which can be visualized using Degree of Polarization Surfaces, and Maps.
The expansion of psychiatric participation in social control.

Dr. Eth's Introduction: Psychiatrists are increasingly being called on to serve as agents of social control and to petform functions that extend beyond direct treatment, such as exercising police power in civil commitment. These functions often genenste considerable criticism from both within and without the mental bealtb professions and raise questions about the appropriate responsibilities of the clinician toward patients and the community. This month's column explores the ethical dimensions of psychiatry's ever-expanding role in social control.
Improving timeliness and reliability of data delivery in tactical wireless environments with Mockets communications library

Network centric warfare relies on the timely and reliable delivery of data to disparate cooperating nodes in tactical networking environments. Given the limited bandwidth available and the unreliability of network links, data often accumulates in application and/or network queues, resulting in increased latency in the delivery of the data. The Mockets communications library addresses this problem via dynamic message replacement. The message replacement functionality of Mockets allows the system to drop all but the most recent message within a specific message flow by removing older, outdated messages from the queues. This paper describes and evaluates, in the context of the U.S. Air Force's Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) system, the timeliness of end-to-end delivery of data using the Mockets library. In addition to dynamic message replacement, other capabilities in the Mockets library include options for reliable vs. unreliable and sequenced vs. unsequenced delivery of data, detailed statistics and feedback regarding the connection, and assignment and dynamic adjustment of priorities of messages. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of these different capabilities and their suitability to address the transport requirements in JBI. It also provides a quantitative comparison of Mockets with SCTP and SCPS-TP, which are similar technologies with existing available candidate implementations. Our results show that the Mockets library with the message replacement significantly outperforms these other transport protocols.
Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and Impact of Drug Resistance to both Carbapenems and Ampicillin-Sulbactam on Clinical Outcomes

Acinetobacter baumannii has become a leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSI) in health care settings. Although the incidence of infection with carbapenem- and ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant (CASR) A. baumannii has increased, there is a scarcity of studies which investigate BSI caused by CASR A. baumannii. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with BSI caused by A. baumannii and who were admitted to the Detroit Medical Center between January 2006 and April 2009. Medical records were queried for patients' demographics, antimicrobial exposures, comorbidities, hospital stay, and clinical outcomes. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were employed in the study. Two hundred seventy-four patients with BSI caused by A. baumannii were included in the study: 68 (25%) caused by CASR A. baumannii and 206 (75%) caused by non-CASR A. baumannii. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with BSI caused by CASR A. baumannii included admission with a rapidly fatal condition (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 6.32, P value = 0.01) and prior use of antimicrobials (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.18 to 6.78, P value = 0.02). In-hospital mortality rates for BSI caused by CASR A. baumannii were significantly higher than those for non-CASR A. baumannii-induced BSI (43% versus 20%; OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.60 to 5.23, P value < 0.001). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association between BSI caused by CASR A. baumannii and increased risk of in-hospital mortality was not significant (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.51 to 2.63, P value = 0.74). This study demonstrated that CASR A. baumannii had a distinct epidemiology compared to more susceptible A. baumannii strains; however, clinical outcomes were similar for the two groups. Admission with a rapidly fatal condition was an independent predictor for both CASR A. baumannii and in-hospital mortality.
Don't Judge a Book by Its Cover: A Reconsideration of Eight Assumptions About Jewish Family Businesses:

This article presents data from a study of the family and educational backgrounds of forty-five Jewish sons in family-owned businesses in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It begins by considering the sources of stereotypes about sons in Jewish business families. The article then explores the process the author followed in confronting his own stereotypes formed in childhood and in changing those stereotypes on the basis of new information. Each assumption is compared with data from the interview study, and the discrepancies are discussed.
Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium and Its Alloys as Dental Implants in Normal Saline

The electrochemical behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys in a simulated body fluid (normal saline solution) has been tested, and the results have been reported. The significance of the results for dental use has been discussed. The tests also serve as a screening test for the best alloy system for more comprehensive long-term investigations.
Ensuring information assurance in federated identity management

Surveys and polling data confirm that the Internet is now a prime vehicle for business, community, and personal interactions. The notion of identity is the important component of this vehicle. When users interact with services on the Internet, they often tailor the services in some way for their personal use. For example, a user may establish an account with a username and password and/or set some preferences for what information the user wants displayed and how the user wants it displayed. The network identity of each user is the overall global set of these attributes constituting the various accounts. In this paper, we investigate two well-known federated identity management (FIM) solutions, Microsoft Passport and Liberty Alliance, attempting to identify information assurance (IA) requirements in FIM. In particular, we focus on principal IA requirements for Web services (WS) which plays an integral role in enriching identity management through federation.
The advent of thoracic endovascular aortic repair is associated with broadened treatment eligibility and decreased overall mortality in traumatic thoracic aortic injury

Background Aortic injury is the second leading cause of death in trauma. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has recently been applied to traumatic thoracic aortic injuries (TTAIs) as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. We sought to determine the impact of TEVAR on national trends in the management of TTAI. Methods We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the years 2001 to 2007 to select patients diagnosed with TTAI (International Classification of Disease-9 code 901.0). Patients were evaluated based on open surgical repair, TEVAR, or nonoperative management, before and after widespread adoption of TEVAR (2001-2005 and 2006-2007). Outcomes of interest were inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), and major complications. Results An estimated 1180 annual admissions occurred for TTAI in the United States. Comparing the two time periods, there was an increase in TEVAR (P Conclusion TEVAR has replaced open repair as the primary operative treatment for TTAI and has extended operative treatment to those patients not previously considered candidates for repair. Increased utilization of TEVAR is associated with improved overall mortality. There is no difference in mortality between TEVAR and open repair groups in our study, which likely reflects the multisystem nature of injury and greater preoperative risk in the TEVAR group.
Content based social behavior prediction: a multi-task learning approach

Information Flow Studies analyze the principles and mechanisms of social information distribution and is an essential research topic in social networks. Traditional approaches are primarily based on the social network graph topology. However, topology itself can not accurately reflect the user interests or activities. In this paper, we adopt a "microeconomics" approach to study social information diffusion and aim to answer the question that how social information flow and socialization behaviors are related to content similarity and user interests. In particular, we study content-based social activity prediction, i.e., to predict a user's response (e.g. comment or like) to their friends' postings (e.g. blogs) w.r.t. message content. In our solution, we cast the social behavior prediction problem as a multi-task learning problem, in which each task corresponds to a user. We have designed a novel multi-task learning algorithm that is specifically designed for learning information flow in social networks. In our model, we apply l1 and Tikhonov regularization to obtain a sparse and smooth model in a linear multi-task learning framework. Using comprehensive experimental study, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed learning method.
Krüppel-like transcription factors KLF1 and KLF2 have unique and coordinate roles in regulating embryonic erythroid precursor maturation

The Kruppel-like transcription factors KLF1 and KLF2 are essential for embryonic erythropoiesis. They can partially compensate for each other during mouse development, and coordinately regulate numerous erythroid genes, including the β-like globins. Simultaneous ablation of KLF1 and KLF2 results in earlier embryonic lethality and severe anemia. In this study, we determine that this anemia is caused by a paucity of blood cells, and exacerbated by diminished β-like globin gene expression. The anemia phenotype is dose-dependent, and, interestingly, can be ameliorated by a single copy of the KLF2, but not the KLF1 gene. The roles of KLF1 and KLF2 in maintaining normal peripheral blood cell numbers and globin mRNA amounts are erythroid cell-specific. Mechanistic studies led to the discovery that KLF2 has an essential function in erythroid precursor maintenance. KLF1 can partially compensate for KLF2 in this role, but is uniquely crucial for erythroid precursor proliferation through its regulation of G1- to S-phase cell cycle transition. A more drastic impairment of primitive erythroid colony formation from embryonic progenitor cells occurs with simultaneous loss of KLF1 and KLF2 than with loss of a single factor. KLF1 and KLF2 coordinately regulate several proliferation-associated genes, including Foxm1. Differential expression of FoxM1, in particular, correlates with the observed KLF1 and KLF2 gene dosage effects on anemia. Furthermore, KLF1 binds to the FoxM1 gene promoter in blood cells. Thus KLF1 and KLF2 coordinately regulate embryonic erythroid precursor maturation through the regulation of multiple homeostasis-associated genes, and KLF2 has a novel and essential role in this process.
Field evaluation of a diffuse to global irradiance meter for vicarious calibration

Vicarious calibration methods have been developed to calibrate radiometric sensors in-flight. One such method, the irradiance-based method, requires the measurement of the diffuse-to-global (diffuse-to-total) irradiance ratio. A diffuse-to-global irradiance meter has recently been developed by the Remote Sensing Group at the University of Arizona. The instrument uses a baffled integrating sphere as its collector and an occulting disc to block the Sun for diffuse-irradiance measurements. Data are collected at 10-nm intervals from 350 to 1100 nm. In this paper, two methods are used to evaluate this instrument. The first relies on the well-known Langley method to determine atmospheric optical thickness from measurements of the direct solar irradiance derived from the difference between the global and diffuse irradiances. Secondly, the diffuse-to-global ratio was used to predict the radiance at the top of the atmosphere. These radiance results are compared to those from the reflectance-based method as well as those derived from data collected by the AVIRIS sensor. Data were collected at Lunar Lake Nevada June 23, 24, 25 1997 and White Sands Missile Range on October 31 and November 1, 1997. Comparison of optical thickness obtained from data collected by a well-understood solar radiometer show differences in optical thickness ranging from 0.003 minimum to 0.018 maximum. These results are encouraging as they indicate that there are no major effects due to inhomogeneities in the spherical collector.
The Interaction of Social and Emotional Processes in the Brain

Social stimuli function as emotional barometers for the immediate environment are the catalysts for many emotional reactions, and have inherent value for relationships and survival independent of their current emotional content. We, therefore, propose that the neural mechanisms underlying social and emotional information processing may be interconnected. In the current study, we examined the independent and interactive effects of social and emotional processes on brain activation. Whole-brain images were acquired while participants viewed and categorized affective pictures that varied on two dimensions: emotional content (i. e., neutral, emotional) and social content (i. e., faces/people, objects/scenes). Patterns of activation were consistent with past findings demonstrating that the amygdala and part of the visual cortex were more active to emotionally evocative pictures than to neutral pictures and that the superior temporal sulcus was more active to social than to nonsocial pictures. Furthermore, activation of the superior temporal sulcus and middle occipito-temporal cortex showed evidence of the interactive processing of emotional and social information, whereas activation of the amygdala showed evidence of additive effects. These results indicate that interactive effects occur early in the stream of processing, suggesting that social and emotional information garner greater attentional resources and that the conjunction of social and emotional cues results in synergistic early processing, whereas the amygdala appears to be primarily implicated in processing biologically or personally relevant stimuli, regardless of the nature of the relevance (i. e., social, emotional, or both).
SCENARIO-BASED FMEA: A LIFE CYCLE COST PERSPECTIVE

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a method to identify and prioritize potential failures of a product or process. The traditional FMEA uses three factors, Occurrence, Severity, and Detection, to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN). This paper addresses two major problems with the conventional FMEA approach: 1) The Detection index does not accurately measure contribution to risk, and 2) The RPN is an inconsistent risk-prioritization technique. The authors recommend two deployment strategies to address these shortcomings: 1) Organize the FMEA around failure scenarios rather than failure modes, and 2) Evaluate risk using probability and cost. The proposed approach uses consistent and meaningful risk evaluation criteria to facilitate life cost-based decisions.
The mechanism of action of Russian propolis ethanol extracts against two antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria.

UNLABELLED The interaction between antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-sensitive Escherichia coli biofilm-forming bacteria and Russian propolis ethanol extracts was evaluated. In this study, bacterial cell death occurred when the cell membranes of bacteria interacted specifically with the antibacterial compounds found in propolis. In order to understand the Russian propolis ethanol extract mechanism of action, microscopy and bacterial lysis studies were conducted. Results uncovered from these experiments imply that the mechanism of action of Russian propolis ethanol extracts is structural rather than functional. The results obtained throughout this study demonstrate cell membrane damage, resulting in cell lysis and eventually bacterial death. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Most strains of bacteria and subsequently biofilms, have evolved and have altered their chemical composition in an attempt to protect themselves from antibiotics. The resistant nature of bacteria stems from the chemical rather than the physical means of inactivation of antibiotics. The results uncovered in this work demonstrate the potential application of Russian propolis ethanol extracts as a very efficient and effective method for bacterial and biofilm inactivation.
A Harmonious Society: National Policies and Ethnic Relations

Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, central government officials have been unable to agree on a single policy of how to deal with the 55 officially designated ethnic minorities in China. For many minorities, especially ones with small populations or those who have lived in close proximity to Han Chinese for centuries, the problems have been minor. When it comes to others, however, i.e., those who have had little contact with Chinese over the centuries and who have experienced some form of self-government, the authorities in Beijing have struggled to find a workable solution. One set of policies were enforced during the 1950s, only to be changed in the 1960s and then changed again in the 1970s, further altered in the 1980s. Since the early 1990s China’s policy towards the restive minorities has been one of economic growth. Their hope is that a substantial increase in the material well-being of these peoples will lead to a reduction in strong ethnic solidarity and nationalism. Billions upon billions of renmenbi have been pumped into these regions, especially Tibet and, to a lesser degree, Xinjiang. This chapter explores these policies, the ideology behind them and looks at the results of this massive investment strategy.
Employing Hearsay Statements Improperly to Establish Authenticity of Identification and Commercial Documents Connected or Affiliated with Accused under Fed.R.Evid. 901(b)(4)

The admissibility of documents such as driver's licenses, utility bills, car rental receipts, and drug notebooks arises relatively frequently particularly in federal drug related prosecutions. Documents such as the foregoing are offered to establish ownership or occupancy of premises or vehicles where drugs were found. Said documents are also offered to show presence at a given place at a given time or purchase and thus ownership of certain items. Said documents were discovered by law enforcement under circumstances that connect or affiliate the documents with a particular person, place, or item. These documents are usually admitted into evidence under Fed.R.Evid. 901(b)(4) in supposed satisfaction of both the requirements of authentication and hearsay. Decisions admitting such documents, usually but not always citing Fed.R.Evid. 901(b)(4), hold that the documents are not hearsay, i.e., "a statement, other than one made by a declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, [not being] offered as evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted," Fed.R.Evid. 801(c). Such documents are said to be not hearsay because they are being "offered as circumstantial evidence to link a defendant to a particular place, to other defendants, or to an illegal item." United States v. Serrano, 434 F.3d 1003, 1005 (7th Cir.2006). Whether evidence is offered as circumstantial evidence or direct evidence is, however, irrelevant in determining whether an out of court statement is or is not hearsay. While acknowledging that such documents should be "admissible" into evidence when sufficiently connected or affiliated with a person, place or other item, this article describes, explores and explains why Fed.R.Evid. 901(b)(4) is not a theoretically permissible vehicle to be employed by the court to satisfy the requirement of authentication. The solution. Add a new subdivision to the self-authentication provisions of Fed.R.Evid. 902, which already also serves as a hearsay exception, entitled "Connected Identification or Commercial Documents."
“Their definition of rigor is different than ours”: The promise and challenge of enactivist pedagogies in the social studies classroom

AbstractThe theoretical justification for enactivist approaches to learning is just beginning to emerge, and remains largely theoretical. Enactivism conceptualized as play beings us closer to the heart of the question about how play-based social studies might look. Recent research in simulations and games—forms of play—help to reveal some of the potential of the enacted domain. This paper attends to the (inter)subjective perspectives and lived experiences of two veteran middle school teachers who use play as a regularly occurring feature in their social studies teaching classes, which they co-construct and co-teach. Using a basic interpretive approach to research, this paper serves to highlight these perspectives and experiences as related by the participants in an effort to contextualize a highly theoretical approach to learning. Throughout this study, participants revealed their perceptions that the pedagogies of play are challenging but invaluable tools with which to approach social studies teaching. I...
One Mississippi, two Mississippi: methodists, murder, & the struggle for racial justice in Neshoba County

In One Mississippi, Two Mississippi: Methodists, Murder, & the Struggle for Racial Justice in Neshoba County, historian Carol V. R. George examines the institutional and racial tensions that shaped...
Type B Cyclogenesis in a Zonally Varying Flow

An earlier formulated hypothesis that surface cyclogenesis in the Northern-Hemisphere storm-track regions can be described by the structural modification of baroclinic wave packets traversing a zonally varying flow field was tested using a linear quasi-geostrophic model with a zonally varying basic state and a zonally varying Ekman layer eddy viscosity. The results of eigenvalue calculations and initial value integrations confirm the proposed mechanism for Type B cyclogenesis. It is shown that a disturbance initiated upstream of the midchannel baroclinic zone rapidly evolves into a wave packet with the maximum amplitude near the tropopause; the wave packet undergoes a structural modification upon entering the low-level baroclinic zone, developing maximum amplitude at the surface. The proposed model of Type B cyclogenesis is consistent with numerous case studies.
Clinician-Rated Measures of Hair Pulling: A Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation

Trichotillomania (TM) typically is assessed using adaptations of clinician-rated scales for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present preliminary study examined the psychometric properties of four OCD-based clinician-rated scales [i.e., the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale—Trichotillomania (YBOCS-TM), the Psychiatric Institute Trichotillomania Scale (PITS), and the NIMH Trichotillomania Severity and Impairment Scales] of TM symptoms. Descriptive data, interrater agreement, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were evaluated in a sample of 22 individuals with a principal diagnosis of TM. Mixed psychometric evidence was found regarding the utility of OCD-based scales for assessing TM symptomatology, although conclusions are limited based on small sample sizes. Interrater agreement generally was acceptable for all PITS items and for both item and summary scores for the YBOCS-TM Behavior Subscale. For all four clinician-rated scales, however, estimates of internal consistency were below minimally acceptable levels. Examination of scale validity was limited given some difficulties with reliability, although data suggested potential support for concurrent agreement between some item and summary scores with external criteria based on self-monitoring of hair pulling. Despite limitations due to the small sample size, the data provide useful preliminary information about the clinical evaluation of TM. Implications for future research, most notably development of new TM scales, are discussed.
Mid-frequency range finite element (MFR-FE) approach for structural vibrations and interior noise

This paper provides an overview of and introduction to the mid-frequency range finite ele ment (MFR-FE) approach developed by Soize in the early to middle 1980s for structural dynamics and structural acoustics. The method, combining elementary signal processing with standard low fre quency finite element time integration, allows for the solution of structural and acoustic finite element problems at frequencies higher than is usually feasible using traditional FE~methods. The approach is explained, and an example model problem is explored using FEs implemented in MATLAB. One overall goal of this paper is to introduce MFRFEs to the U.S. aeroacoustics community which currently seems unaware of the approach.
Osseous injuries of the foot: an imaging review. Part 1: the forefoot

Injuries to the foot are a common cause for presentation to the emergency department, and imaging is often used to aid in the diagnosis. The foot can be divided into three distinct anatomic regions: the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. Our manuscripts comprise a three-part imaging review in which we address the use of radiography as well as advanced imaging modalities. We provide pearls to radiographic interpretation and discuss prognostic implications and classification systems. Part 1 addresses forefoot injuries, part 2 reviews midfoot injuries and part 3 covers the hindfoot.
SYNTHESIS OF ZrO_2-SiC COMPOSITE AND EFFECT OF ITS ADDITION ON THE OXIDATION RESISTANCE OF Al_2O_3-C REFRACTORY

ZrO_2-SiC composite has been synthesized from zirconite and carbon black by car- bothermal reduction reaction in argon atmosphere,which was added to Al_2O_3-C refractory to study the improvement of oxidation resistance of the Al_2O_3-C refractory,and the effect of heating tem- perature on the synthesis of ZrO_2-SiC composite was also investigated.The phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized composite were investigated by XRD and SEM.The results showed that increasing the heating temperature could promote the synthesis of ZrO_2-SiC composite and the proper temperature to synthesize the composite was 1873K in this experimental condition.Adding the synthesized composite improved the oxidation resistance of the Al_2O_3-C refractory obviously and the refractory with 6%(ZrO_2-SiC)had the best oxidation resistance.
Community concordance between fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates among adventitious and ordinate tributaries of a major river system

Abstract We examined patterns of concordance between macroinvertebrate and fish communities among adventitious and ordinate tributaries of the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania in order to determine their efficacy as mutual surrogates for the assessment of ecosystem integrity. Fish, macroinvertebrates, and 19 water quality parameters were sampled from 20 streams. Collected data were analyzed by principal components analysis, redundancy analysis, and Ward’s distance clustering matrices to determine degrees of community concordance and similarity. Fish and macroinvertebrate communities were assessed utilizing Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBI) in order to compare stream ecosystem health as expressed by each index. Adventitious and ordinate macroinvertebrate communities largely clustered in like groups with adventitious tributaries dominated by the crustacean Gammarus sp. and ordinate streams dominated by the trichopteran, Hydropsyche sp. Adventitious communities were strongly influenced by elevated total alkalinity and total suspended solids; ordinate communities by contrast to elevated total organic carbon and specific conductance. Fish communities showed no significant relationship to water quality parameters among either tributary type, but often grouped with their nearest geographic neighbor. The respective indices revealed a discord between the two communities suggesting that neither community serves as a surrogate for the other as an indicator of stream health in this basin. Both communities appeared to be driven by differences in local environmental conditions.
The basal subtype to predict clinical benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Final results from a phase II clinical trial of DDMVAC + bevacizumab.

291 Background: Gene expression profiling (GEP) suggests 3 main subtypes of urothelial cancer: basal, which historically has the worst prognosis with high proliferation and HIF-1 expression; p53-like, with decreased proliferation and increased markers of extracellular matrix (ECM); and luminal which has increased proliferation compared to p53-like tumors. We hypothesized that GEP of transurethral resections (TUR) and cystectomy specimens from patients on a neoadjuvant trial would predict benefit from chemotherapy. Methods: Sixty patients enrolled on a neoadjuvant trial of DDMVAC+B. TUR and cystectomy specimens were available for gene expression profiling in 39 and 33 patients, respectively, with matched specimens in 23 patients. The validation set consisted of 49 patients treated with perioperative MVAC on a previously published clinical trial. Results: Chemotherapy was quite active with pT0N0 and ≤ pT1N0 down-staging rates of 38% and 53%, respectively. Basal tumors had improved survival compared to lumin...
Improved Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death Risk: Staying Within the Echocardiogram but Extending Beyond the Ejection Fraction.

Risk stratification of patients to identify those who will benefit most from the primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) remains a challenge.1 For the last decade, measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as a clinical risk predictor is recognized to be inadequate.2–6 In fact, contemporary real world data indicate that of the patients identified using this methodology, the proportion of patients who benefit from the ICD at the end of a year may be as low as 1.1%.4 It is also accepted, however, that novel noninvasive imaging techniques will make major strides toward this goal in the near future.7 In this context, the low-hanging fruit is the potential role of risk markers measured from the same echocardiogram that would provide the LVEF. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , Konety et al report their results regarding the association between multiple echocardiographic predictors and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a meta-analysis performed from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) and CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) cohorts.8 It is worth deliberating on their findings …
Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in and the Moisture Content of Precooked Canned Bacon.

Staphylococcus aureus was found in 9.0% of 221 cans of precooked bacon. The count in 6.9% of the cans exceeded 1000/g and ranged as high as 1.7 × 105/g. Aerobic plate counts were greater than 105/g in 24% of the cans. The maximum moisture to salt ratio (percent moisture divided by percent salt) of 9.0, permitted by Federal Specifications, was exceeded in 73.0% of the cans and ranged from 5.97 to 21.44. This bacon production was rejected for military procurement.
A Matter of Opinion.

> “Opinions are made to be changed - or how is truth to be got at?” > > Lord Byron An exploration of the causes and consequences of silence with a decidedly poignant slant toward the detrimental effect on cardiovascular studies. The intent of this short monograph is to persuade those struggling with their conscience that one should be aware of and resist the implicit pressure to conform that we face as researchers. On April 11, 2016, an e-mail appeared in my inbox with an invitation to author a “Viewpoint” article for Circulation Research . This relatively new type of submission was solicited with clear expectations: “…what sets Viewpoints apart from all other articles that we publish is that they should convey bold opinions, even if they are irreverent”; “…authors of Viewpoints are encouraged to express their opinions freely and not shy away from controversy, if appropriate.” That’s perfect, I thought. Being no stranger to embroiling myself in written op-ed pieces1,2 that undoubtedly contributed to my use of Lotensin for high blood pressure over the past dozen years, I figured I would have no problem coming up with an issue to pontificate on to enlighten my colleagues. That is, until I began trying to settle on a specific topic in cardiovascular research that I know enough about to have a bold opinion worth sharing. In fact, I have started this assignment 3 times already on different aspects of research controversies and ground to a halt. Then, I asked myself why each effort provoked successive rounds or anxiety and self-doubt. And I think I have found the answer to my problem—and by diagnosing my trouble spot the topic of my Viewpoint article revealed itself. My personal angst over writing this Viewpoint article highlights a struggle many of us wrestle with to survive in …
EMP: execution time measurement protocol for compute-bound programs

Summary Measuring execution time is one of the most used performance evaluation techniques in computer science research. Inaccurate measurements cannot be used for a fair performance comparison between programs. Despite the prevalence of its use, the intrinsic variability in the time measurement makes it hard to obtain repeatable and accurate timing results of a program running on an operating system. We propose a novel execution time measurement protocol (termed EMP) for measuring the execution time of a compute-bound program on Linux, while minimizing that measurement's variability. During the development of execution time measurement protocol, we identified several factors that disturb execution time measurement. We introduce successive refinements to the protocol by addressing each of these factors, in concert, reducing variability by more than an order of magnitude. We also introduce a new visualization technique, what we term ‘dual-execution scatter plot’ that highlights infrequent, long-running daemons, differentiating them from frequent and/or short-running daemons. Our empirical results show that the proposed protocol successfully achieves three major aspects—precision, accuracy, and scalability—in execution time measurement that can work for open-source and proprietary software. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body break-ups and poetic make-ups: medicine as metaphor in Soul and Body II and the metrical charms

The Anglo-Saxon Soul and Body II and metrical charms are seemingly related only inasmuch as they coexist as ‘minor’ works within the Old English corpus. If anything, they seem to exemplify opposition: Christian and pagan, death and life, harangue and incantation. This paper, however, will examine how both works ‘treat’ the body with words – a shared theme that is medicinal but also narrative-based, and as such is resonant with current initiatives in the medical humanities. I first demonstrate how Soul and Body II uses medical language to present the body’s surgical dismembering through words. I then show how the charms, in compelling contrast to Soul and Body II, present a process in which the body is healed through words. My conclusion reunites these seemingly opposed works by positing the restorative aspects of Soul and Body II, and by returning to the implications of these observations for modern medicine.
The changing face of programming

The rapid evolution of languages, tools, environments and expectations resents major challenges and opportunities for programmers and for software engineering education. This is true across all kinds of programming, but is especially so for Web systems, which are now routinely written in untyped scripting languages and include Ajax, ashups, toolkits, frameworks like Rails and Django, and a profusion of interfaces, all operating asynchronously on distributed systems.
Coordination between frontolimbic resting state connectivity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in adolescents with and without depression.

Abstract Depression is associated with abnormalities in Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and neural circuitry that underlie the stress response. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between frontolimbic brain regions captures intrinsic connections that may set the stage for the rallying and regulating of the HPA axis system. This study examined the association between cortisol stress response and frontolimbic (amygdala and ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC and dmPFC respectively]) RSFC in 88 (Age: M = 15.95, SD = 2.04; 71.60% female) adolescents with (N = 55) and without (N = 33) major depressive disorder (MDD). We collected salivary cortisol in the context of a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) paradigm. Key findings were that adolescents with depression and healthy controls showed different patterns of association between amygdala and vmPFC RSFC and HPA functioning: while healthy controls showed a positive relationship between frontolimbic connectivity and cortisol levels that may indicate coordination across neural and neuroendocrine systems, adolescents with depression showed a minimal or inverse relationship, suggesting poor coordination of these systems. Results were similar when examining non-suicidal self-injury subgroups within the MDD sample. These findings suggest that the intrinsic quality of this frontolimbic connection may be related to HPA axis functioning. In MDD, inverse associations may represent a compensatory response in one system in response to dysfunction in the other. Longitudinal multilevel research, however, is needed to disentangle how stress system coordination develops in normal and pathological contexts and how these systems recover with treatment.
Ideals and z -Filters

Continuing our study of the relations between algebraic properties of C(X) and topological properties of X, we now examine the special features of the family of zero-sets of an ideal of functions. Such a family turns out to possess properties analogous to those of a filter; this fact will play a central role in the development.
A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of Scalable and Testable Embedded Architectures

This paper presents a new synthesis approach for reliable high performance embedded systems. It considers requirements of both scalability and testability in an integrated manner. The testing methodology in this work is based on comparisons using application computations. The approach is illustrated through an example of QR Decomposition of a matrix on a bus-based architecture. Using this approach, a nearoptimal computation schedule for this example achieves “test for free” with high fault coverage and low fault latency. Similar results have also been obtained for a FFT application.
The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to regulate oocyte retrieval time

We investigated the use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) to assist in the synchronous entry of a fixed number of subjects into in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube transfer cycle. Using a protocol in which a GnRH-a was given in the follicular or luteal phase, the clinical pregnancy rate per procedure was 27%. We conclude that the use of a GnRH-a for synchronous cycles in IVF-embryo transfer is efficacious and results in acceptable pregnancy rates.
The development of compact neutron sources

Many small research reactors used as neutron sources are being shut down. To replace them, new facilities are being developed. In particular, compact accelerator-based neutron sources can take up many of the activities previously supported by reactor-based facilities.
Imaging of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Diseases of the myocardium may be classified as either ischemic or nonischemic. Ischemic disease is due to coronary artery disease. The etiology of nonischemic cardiomyopathies is highly varied but may be described as either primary or secondary. Primary cardiomyopathies include abnormalities that are genetic but may be acquired. Secondary cardiomyopathies are secondary to systemic disease. This chapter reviews the clinical presentation and cardiac magnetic resonance features of common nonischemic cardiomyopathies.
Diagnostic Potential and Interactive Dynamics of the Colorectal Cancer Virome.

ABSTRACT Human viruses (those that infect human cells) have been associated with many cancers, largely due to their mutagenic and functionally manipulative abilities. Despite this, cancer microbiome studies have focused almost exclusively on bacteria instead of viruses. We began evaluating the cancer virome by focusing on colorectal cancer, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and a cancer linked to altered colonic bacterial community compositions but with an unknown association with the gut virome. We used 16S rRNA gene, whole shotgun metagenomic, and purified virus metagenomic sequencing of stool to evaluate the differences in human colorectal cancer virus and bacterial community composition. Through random forest modeling, we identified differences in the healthy and colorectal cancer viromes. The cancer-associated virome consisted primarily of temperate bacteriophages that were also predicted to be bacterium-virus community network hubs. These results provide foundational evidence that bacteriophage communities are associated with colorectal cancer and potentially impact cancer progression by altering the bacterial host communities. IMPORTANCE Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Its risk and severity have been linked to colonic bacterial community composition. Although human-specific viruses have been linked to other cancers and diseases, little is known about colorectal cancer virus communities. We addressed this knowledge gap by identifying differences in colonic virus communities in the stool of colorectal cancer patients and how they compared to bacterial community differences. The results suggested an indirect role for the virome in impacting colorectal cancer by modulating the associated bacterial community. These findings both support the idea of a biological role for viruses in colorectal cancer and provide a new understanding of basic colorectal cancer etiology.
Density matrix renormalization group and wavefunction factorization for nuclei

We employ the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and the wavefunction factorization method for the numerical solution of large-scale nuclear structure problems. The DMRG exhibits an improved convergence for problems with realistic interactions due to the implementation of the finite algorithm. The wavefunction factorization of fpg-shell nuclei yields rapidly converging approximations that are at the present frontier for large-scale shell-model calculations.