cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal transcriptional response to latency reversing agents identifies specific factors regulating HIV-1 viral transcriptional switch

Latent HIV-1 reservoirs are identified as one of the major challenges to achieve HIV-1 cure. Currently available strategies are associated with wide variability in outcomes both in patients and CD4+ T cell models. This underlines the critical need to develop innovative strategies to predict and recognize ways that could result in better reactivation and eventual elimination of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. In this study, we combined genome wide transcriptome datasets post activation with Systems Biology approach (Signaling and Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, SDREM analyses) to reconstruct a dynamic signaling and regulatory network involved in reactivation mediated by specific activators using a latent cell line. This approach identified several critical regulators for each treatment, which were confirmed in follow-up validation studies using small molecule inhibitors. Results indicate that signaling pathways involving JNK and related factors as predicted by SDREM are essential for virus reactivation by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways have the foremost role in reactivation with prostratin and TNF-α, respectively. JAK-STAT pathway has a central role in HIV-1 transcription. Additional evaluation, using other latent J-Lat cell clones and primary T cell model, also confirmed that many of the cellular factors associated with latency reversing agents are similar, though minor differences are identified. JAK-STAT and NF-κB related pathways are critical for reversal of HIV-1 latency in primary resting T cells. These results validate our combinatorial approach to predict the regulatory cellular factors and pathways responsible for HIV-1 reactivation in latent HIV-1 harboring cell line models. JAK-STAT have a role in reversal of latency in all the HIV-1 latency models tested, including primary CD4+ T cells, with additional cellular pathways such as NF-κB, JNK and ERK 1/2 that may have complementary role in reversal of HIV-1 latency.
An effect of prostaglandin E1 on the acinar cell of the rat parotid gland

The effects of in vivo administration of prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) on rat parotid gland acinar cells were studied and compared with glands removed from animals which had been either fasted or stimulated to discharge stored secretory granules by an injection of isoproterenol (IPR). Depletion of tissue amylase, increased plasma amylase, and alterations in secretory cell ultrastructure were used to assess the effects of PGE 1 . Initially following PGE 1 administration, the secretory granules enlarged their matrices and lost electron opacity, and numerous fusions between secretory granules occurred. Concomitant with the above events, material having an appearance identical to that within the secretory granules was observed in the acinar lumina and the intercellular spaces. The PGE 1 -induced release of stored secretory materials from storage granules was transient. Five hours after the onset of hourly PGE 1 injections, the biochemical and structural features of the gland were “normal.” The effects of PGE 1 on the rat parotid gland are discussed. A theory of PGE 1 action based on the translocation of ionic calcium is proposed.
Growth and Feed Efficiency of Juvenile Channel Catfish Reared at Different Water Temperatures and Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Fish Meal

Abstract Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus do not feed well at low temperatures. It is generally thought that a diet containing fish meal enhances feed palatability at low temperatures since fish meal is highly palatable to fish. There is a lack of information on the effects of fish meal levels on the growth performance of channel catfish reared at low temperatures. Therefore, a study was conducted in a recirculating system to examine the effects of fish meal levels on the feed consumption, weight gain, and feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish reared at various temperatures. Fish with an initial weight of 9.6 ± 0.1 g were stocked in 23-L clear polycarbonate tanks maintained at approximately 17, 21, or 27 °C. The fish were fed with diets containing 0, 4, or 8% menhaden Brevoortia spp. fish meal for 9 weeks. There was a significant interaction between water temperature and fish meal level with respect to weight gain. At 27°C, fish fed diets containing 4% and 8% fish meal gained significantly more w...
Solvent Dependence of the Fluorescence Lifetimes of Xanthene Dyes

Fluorescence lifetimes of five representative xanthene dye species-the rhodamine B zwitterion (RB'), the rhodamine B cation (RB+), the rhodamine 66 cation (R6G+), the rhodamine 101 zwitterion (R101') and the fluorescein dianion (F2-)-were measured in HzO, D20 and in a series of alcohol solvents ranging from methanol to octanol. The lietimes of both RB* and RB+ increased markedly as the solvent was varied from water to actanol. In contrast, the lifetimes of R6G+ and R101' decreased slightly over the alcohol series and that of F2- increased only slightly in the same series. For all the dyes studied the fluorescence lifetimes observed in DzO were slightly longer than those in H20. Possible causes for the variations observed are discussed.
The technic of operative cholangiography.

Abstract 1. 1. Operative cholangiography is a means of visualizing the extrahepatic biliary system by contrast roentgenography during the surgical exploration of these structures. If the gallbladder and bile ducts are filled with a suitable contrast solution, an accurate radiographic pattern of the entire extrahepatic biliary system can be obtained. Pathologic lesions such as stones, kinks, strictures and neoplasms produce recognizable deformities. Anatomic aberrations in size, shape and position of the bile duct can be readily detected. This information is necessary for the judicious selection of the proper remedial operation. 2. 2. The surgical and radiographic technic of operative cholangiography is presented in detail. 3. 3. During the past fourteen years we have employed operative cholangiography in all patients having operations on the extrahepatic biliary system. More than 1,700 studies have been made and the advantages of this procedure are presented.
A solution condition for complementarity problems: with an application to spatial price equilibrium

A sufficient condition is developed for the existence of solutions to complementarity problems, which is applicable to all continuous functions. In addition, it is shown to imply a number of simpler conditions, including the well-known coerciveness condition. Finally, this condition is applied to an existence problem in spatial price equilibrium, where it is shown to yield not only a more general result, but also a simpler method of proof.
Foreign exchange reserves: a new challenge to China

This paper discusses the challenge imposed by the Chinese government's unprecedented amount of foreign exchange reserves. Our cost and benefit analysis reveals that political considerations are more important than economic factors. Given its choice of gradual appreciation, the Chinese government will face social unrest in the long term that differs from what it faces in the short term.
Lithium Therapy and Hyperparathyroidism: An Evidence-Based Assessment

Prolonged therapeutic exposure to lithium compounds can have adverse consequences on calcium homeostasis. A unique form of hyperparathyroidism appears to be causally linked to chronic lithium exposure. We provide a comprehensive review of relevant literature using a structured, evidence-based approach. Published data were identified from systematic electronic literature searches. References are assigned a level of evidence according to a validated classification schema. Level III and V evidence supports an etiologic link between sustained lithium therapy and both hypercalcemia and hyperparathormonemia (grade C recommendation). Level V evidence supports the use of preoperative parathyroid imaging if a focused exploration is planned (grade C recommendation). Level V evidence supports the use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring to guide appropriate surgical therapy (grade C recommendation). There is conflicting and equally weighted level V evidence supporting a routine preoperative plan of bilateral neck exploration versus selective unilateral exploration (no recommendation). There may be a role for calcimimetic drug therapy as an alternate, nonsurgical means of controlling lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (grade C recommendation). Evidence-based recommendations support screening of patients on chronic lithium therapy for hypercalcemia. Appropriate surgical therapy may consist of either a bilateral or a unilateral approach when performed by an experienced endocrine surgeon. Focused approaches should be guided by preoperative imaging and intraoperative hormone monitoring. Calcimimetic therapy is a potential alternative to parathyroidectomy.
Fermi-Bose transmutation and the theory of semiflexible polymer solutions

Abstract It is demonstrated that all known results for the conformation properties of semiflexible polymers can be exactly reproduced with the help of the Euclidean version of Dirac's propagator. The obtained single chain results are further generalized to the case on monodisperse solutions of semiflexible polymers. Flory's results for this case are reproduced exactly at the mean field saddle point level approximation to the functional integral which is a direct extension of the one proposed earlier for the fully flexible chains.
Bilateral Embolic Protection Devices for High-Risk Cardiac Surgery in a Patient With Recent Embolic Stroke

Cerebral embolic protection devices (EPDs) such as carotid filters were first introduced as an adjunct to carotid artery stenting out of concern for increased rates of procedure-related atheromatous plaque embolization compared with carotid endarterectomy. Here, we report the use of a carotid filter device for embolic protection during high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting and ventricular assist device explantation in a patient with a recent history of embolic cerebrovascular accident from severe aortic atherosclerosis. A 67-year-old man with no known history of coronary artery disease presented to an outside hospital with acute shortness of breath. Initial chest x-ray demonstrated complete opacification of the lung spaces consistent with decompensated pulmonary edema. The ECG demonstrated pan-ST segment depressions with ST elevation in lead V1 and was concerning for severe left main coronary artery stenosis. He was transferred to Columbia University Medical Center in cardiogenic shock for emergent angiography and evaluation for coronary intervention. At catheterization, left ventriculography showed an ejection fraction of 15% to 20% with global hypokinesis. Coronary angiography revealed a right dominant system with a thrombotic 90% stenosis of a trifurcating distal left main coronary artery (Figure [A]). The right coronary artery was occluded proximally and filled retrograde via the left circulation (Figure [B]). Despite initial …
Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function

This study was conducted to provide evidence of an association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use and clinical outcomes among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function who are treated in the community setting, and to compare the magnitude and direction of these associations among the subset with preserved function to the subset with LV contractile dysfunction. Seven hundred sixty-three hospital survivors who had measurement of systolic function were identified from among a series of consecutive patients with CHF admitted to 10 community hospitals. They were prospectively followed-up for 6 months after discharge to track death, hospital readmission, and quality of life. Outcomes were stratified by ACE inhibitor use among those with preserved systolic function, defined as an LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥40% or qualitatively normal contractility, and among those with systolic dysfunction, defined as an EF ≤39% or qualitatively abnormal contractility. ACE inhibitor prescription rates were higher among the 413 patients with LV contractile dysfunction than among the 350 with preserved function (77% vs 54%, p < 0.0001). Drug-treated and untreated patients were similar in many ways, although lower serum creatinine levels, lower EF, and a higher prevelance of high blood pressure characterized those receiving ACE inhibitors. After adjusting for these and other covariables, ACE inhibitor use among the group with normal function was associated with a trend for a lower risk of death and delayed time to hospital readmission but not absolute rates of rehospitalization. By comparison, ACE inhibition among those with impaired systolic function was associated with trends for lower risk of death and rehospitalization. These data suggest that ACE inhibition may be of benefit when CHF occurs in the context of preserved or normal LV systolic function. Large, multicenter, prospective randomized trials to better test this hypothesis are warranted.
Publishing performance in industrial organization: A reply

We are honored to have such a well-respected economist as William G. Shepherd comment on our work and are grateful to have the opportunity to respond to his concerns. Shepherd has three main points. First, he argues that citations are a more reliable index of research performance than are page counts. Second, he claims that our sample of journals is inappropriate because it includes extraneous journals and excludes important industrial organization journals. Third, Shepherd contends that our study inappropriately pools mainstream industrial organization research with "new IO theory." The following sections address these criticisms.
Chisel: constructing hardware in a Scala embedded language

In this paper we introduce Chisel, a new hardware construction language that supports advanced hardware design using highly parameterized generators and layered domain-specific hardware languages. By embedding Chisel in the Scala programming language, we raise the level of hardware design abstraction by providing concepts including object orientation, functional programming, parameterized types, and type inference. Chisel can generate a high-speed C++-based cycle-accurate software simulator, or low-level Verilog designed to map to either FPGAs or to a standard ASIC flow for synthesis. This paper presents Chisel, its embedding in Scala, hardware examples, and results for C++ simulation, Verilog emulation and ASIC synthesis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Preferentially Encapsidates Genomic RNAs That Encode Pr55Gag: Functional Linkage between Translation and RNA Packaging

Full-length retroviral RNA serves as both messenger and genomic RNA. Therefore, an unspliced RNA could play both roles: viral mRNA could be bound in cis by the same Gag polyprotein that it produced, becoming a packaged genomic RNA. To test this possibility, we used in vivo packaging experiments which coexpressed wild-type NL4-3 RNA and NL4-3-based mutant RNA that, ideally, could not translate Gag. However, mutating the gag initiator produced a mutant (pNLX) that expressed a truncated Gag, Gag*, initiated at methionine 10 in the CA region (142 of Pr55(Gag)). Gag* can be rescued into virions by Gag and, as it contains the NC domain, could package RNA in cis. To eliminate NC and the CA dimerization domain, a nonsense mutation in CA at residue 99 was introduced into pNLX to produce pNLXX, which expresses an RNA that should only be packaged in trans. Cotransfection packaging experiments revealed that wild-type genomic RNA was packaged at an 8-fold greater level than NLXX RNA given equal expression of both RNAs. Experiments that varied the relative amounts of these RNAs in the cell found that the wild-type RNA was encapsidated with a packaging preference (i.e., the relative amount of this RNA in virions versus cells) of 6- to 13-fold over the NLXX RNA, showing that the NLXX RNA did not efficiently compete with NL4-3 RNA. These data suggest that the wild-type RNA's ability to express Pr55(Gag) and, by inference, actively translate Gag confers an advantage in packaging over the nearly identical NLXX RNA. In contrast, the NLX RNA competed with wild-type RNA at a 1-to-3 preference. This ratio is similar to the amounts of Gag* rescued by Gag, suggesting that the presence of Gag* assists in the encapsidation of NLX RNA. Together, our data link translation and particle formation to the packaging of viral RNA and support a model of cis packaging where nascent Gag proteins encapsidate their cognate RNA.
Utilization in COPD: Patient Characteristics and Diagnostic Evaluation

Study objectives Information on current practices of COPD diagnosis and treatment is needed to identify opportunities for improving care. This study describes the clinical characteristics and diagnostic evaluations of COPD patients in a health maintenance organization (HMO) and a university-affiliated county medical center (UMC). Design Cross-sectional survey performed in a 174,484-member regional HMO and in The University of New Mexico Hospitals and Clinics (UNMH). Patients Two hundred COPD patients from each system randomly selected from administrative databases based on discharge diagnoses. Results COPD patients in the UMC, compared to those in the HMO, were younger (mean age, 59.3 vs 66.9 years, respectively), were more likely to be using home oxygen (33% vs 20%, respectively), and had fewer chronic medical conditions (mean number of conditions, 3.1 vs 3.7, respectively) (p Conclusions The demographic and clinical characteristics of the COPD patients in these two health-care systems were very different, but smoking status and utilization of diagnostic tests were similar. The diagnosis of COPD in most patients was based only on a history of chronic respiratory symptoms and smoking; spirometry often was not used to confirm the diagnosis. An increased emphasis on smoking cessation and more effective utilization of spirometry are needed to improve the management of COPD in these health-care systems.
Christian socialism instructed by Gompers

(1971). Christian socialism instructed by Gompers. Labor History: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 195-213.
Interference of Wing and Multipropellers

A systematic procedure is presented for the analysis of the interference of a wing with multipropellers. The assumptions are made that the radius of the propeller and the chord are of the same order and both are much smaller than the span. Using the chord to span ratio as the small expansion parameter, the local two-dimensional solution for the sectional lift to angle-of-attack relationship is uncoupled from the outer three-dimensional solution in the spirit of Prandtl's lifting line theory. Details of the nonuniform stream behind the propellers enter into the local sectional analysis. For the outer solution, the planform of the wing reduces to the lifting line and the stream behind the propellers reduces to a thin sheet of a jet carrying the sectional momentum gained across the propellers and supporting a pressure difference across the sheet. By representing the thin sheet of a jet as a vortex sheet, an integral equation is obtained. When the momentum gain across the propellers is not too large, the integral equation can be further simplified. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the analysis.
Transportation mode inference from anonymized and aggregated mobile phone call detail records

Transportation mode inference is an important research direction and has many applications. Existing methods are usually based on fine-grained sampling — collecting position data from mobile devices at high frequency. These methods can achieve high accuracy, but also incur cost and complexity in terms of the computational resource and system implementation. Finally, fine-grained sampling is not always available, especially for large-scale deployment. This paper proposes a novel method to infer transportation mode based on coarse-grained call detail records. The method allows estimating the transportation mode share from a given origin to a given destination, looking also at how the share changes over time. The method can achieve acceptable accuracy with trivial cost and complexity. It is suitable for the statistical analysis on transportation modes of a large population. The method can also be used as a complementary tool in situations where fine-grained sampling is unavailable or the balance between accuracy and complexity is critical. A case study using real call detail records data for the city of Boston shows the performance of the proposed method.
UTP activates multiple second messenger systems in cultured rat astrocytes

Abstract In astrocytes, a number of second messenger systems are activated upon stimulation with ATP. Recently, UTP has been demonstrated to have effects similar to ATP in some cell types. To determine if this was also true in astrocytes, cultured cells were stimulated with UTP which was found to evoke thromboxane release, stimulate inositol phospholipid turnover and increase intracellular free calcium concentration. A 53 kDa protein was identified on astrocyte membranes by immunoblotting with an antibody raised against a putative rat fibroblast P 21 receptor. These data indicate that astrocytes possess a UTP-sensitive receptor which may be distinct from the P 2Y -purinergic receptor.
An equation of state for pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)

Abstract An 18-coefficient modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state of HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane) has been developed. Correlations of vapor pressure and saturated liquid density are also presented. This equation of state has been developed based on the reported experimental data of PVT properties, saturation properties, isochoric heat capacities, and speeds of sound by using a least squares fitting. This equation of state is effective in both the superheated gaseous phase and the compressed liquid phase at pressures up to 68 MPa, densities to 1700 kg m −3 , and temperatures from 170 to 475 K, respectively.
Revision of Comesomatidae (Nematoda)

The gross and fine morphology of the family Comesomatidae is reviewed and the systematic position of its members revised. Significant differentiating characters of the Comesomatidae within the Chromadorida are: a copulatory apparatus provided with apophyses, a female reproductive system with outstretched ovaries, the presence of marginal tubes within the oesophagus, and a non-sclerotized and enlarged tail tip. For classification within the family the following three main characters are used: the structure of the buccal cavity, the structure of the copulatory apparatus, and the arrangement of the cephalic sense organs. Structure of the Sabatieria type is considered basic. The genera are rearranged in three subfamilies as follows: Sabatieriinae (Cervonema, Laimelia, Pierrickia, Sabatieria (syn. Actarjania), Scholpaniella), Dorylaimopsinae (Dorylaimopsis (syn. Mesonchium), Hopperia, Metasabatieria, Paramesonchium, Vasostoma), Comesomatinae (Comesoma, Metacomesoma, Paracomesoma.) Six species of Comesomatidae are described from the oresund, Denmark: Cervonema macramphis sp.n.; Laimelia filipjevi nom. nov. (syn. Sabatieria longicaudata Filipjev, 1922); Sabatieria hilarula De Man, 1922; S. ornata (Ditlevsen, 1918); S. punctata (Kreis, 1924); Dorylaimopsis punctata Ditlevsen, 1918. Representatives of these species constitute more than 40% of the total number of nematodes in the region.
A C 15 H 22 O 4 Compound produced by the Fungus Aspergillus fischeri var. glaber

IN late August 1962, Dr. C. W. Hesseltine of our laboratory collected a dry soil sample from under a Douglas fir in House Rock Camp Grounds near Corvallis, Oregon. From this sample was isolated a strain of Aspergillus fischeri var. glaber Fennell and Raper, now maintained in the A.R.S. Culture Collection as NRRL 3088.
Surface energy of liquid copper and single-crystal sapphire and the wetting behavior of copper on sapphire

The wetting behavior of liquid copper on sapphire is affected by the crystallographic orientation of the sapphire surface, the oxygen partial pressure, and the temperature. The influences of each of these conditions have been studied by the sessile drop technique over the oxygen partial pressure range 10-2-10-20 atm at temperatures of 1100 and 1250°C. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the liquid copper surface energy follows the Gibbs-Langmuir law. The contact angle varies with the crystallographic orientation of the sapphire surface. This variation is more significant at higher oxygen partial pressures, but is eliminated at higher temperatures. The liquid copper surface energy was determined to be γlv = 1.757-3.3 x 10-4T(°C) J/m2. The solid surface energy of sapphire was estimated as γsv = 1.961-4.7x 10-4T(°C) J/m2, which applies only to the temperature range 927-2077°C.
Regionally specific effects of BDNF on oligodendrocytes.

To define the effects of neurotrophins on oligodendrocytes, we monitored NGF, BDNF and NT-3 actions on basal forebrain (BF) and cortical populations. NGF, BDNF and NT-3 applied to BF oligodendrocytes
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center's Community Management System

This article presents the case of the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Health Center's unique community management system in which neighborhood workers have been developed to assume managerial responsibilities and are directing the Center. The Martin Luther King Center experience is instructive because the Center was able to achieve significant community control by focusing primarily on the internal dimension of control, namely, management without experiencing destructive conflicts and the deterioration of health services.
Selected Factors Affecting Crude Oil Analysis of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as Compared with Milled Corn

ABSTRACT With increasing production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), both fuel ethanol and animal feed industries are demanding standardized protocols for characterizing quality. AOCS Approved Procedure (Am 5-04) was used for measuring crude oil content in milled corn and resulting DDGS. Selected factors, including sample type (milled corn, DDGS), sample origin (ethanol plant 1, 2, 3), sample particle size (original matrix, <0.71 mm, <0.50 mm mesh opening; the last two materials were obtained by grinding and sieving), solvent type (petroleum ether, hexane), extraction time (30, 60 min), and postextraction drying time (30, 60 min) were investigated by a complete factorial design. For milled corn, only sample origin and extraction time had significant effects (P < 0.05) on crude oil values measured, but for DDGS, besides those two factors, sample particle size, solvent type, and drying time also had significant effects. Among them, the particle size of DDGS had the most effect. On average, m...
Okadaic acid is a potent inducer of AP-1, NF-κB, and tumor necrosis factor-α in human B lymphocytes

Treatment of human B lymphocytes with an optimal concentration of okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A, resulted in the induction of the transcription factor, AP-1 and a marked increase in NF-κB levels. In contrast, no effect on the levels of the octamer binding proteins, Oct-1 or Oct-2, were found. Since both AP-1 and NF-κB have been reported to be important in the induction of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene we examined the effects of okadaic acid on TNF-α mRNA levels. Treatment with okadaic acid resulted in a striking increase in TNF-α mRNA transcripts within 1 h of stimulation and large amounts of TNF-α were released into the culture media. Although okadaic acid provides a potent inductive signal for AP-1 and NF-κB it did not induce either B cell proliferation or immunoglobulin secretion.
Hands-On Reciprocal Teaching: A Comprehension Technique

Reciprocal teaching is a researched-based technique that utilizes the comprehension strategies of predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing. This article provides methods of incorporating characters, props, and visual and hands-on tools to encourage and motivate students to learn through reciprocal teaching. Teachers are given activities to use while implementing reciprocal teaching that require very little prep time, but are highly appealing to a range of learners. Responsibilities of both the teacher and the students are addressed, as well as the importance of discussion and assessment.
Privacy-Preserving Statistical Analysis Method for Real-World Data

We propose a method for obtaining statistical results such as averages, variances, and correlations without leaking any raw data values from data-holders by using multiple pseudonyms. At present, to obtain statistical results using a large amount of data, we need to collect all data in the same storage device. However, gathering real-world data that was generated by different people is not easy because they often contain private information. Thus, our method solves the problem and protects data-holders from data-user's malicious attacks. Finally, we evaluate the suitability of our method through implementation and experimentation.
Relationship between Binding and Biological Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Rat Adipocytes

Insulin-like responses to human GH (hGH) were produced in adipocytes isolated from the epididymal fat of normal rats 3 h after excision of the tissues. Insulin-like responses consisted of increased oxidation of glucose and incorporation of its carbons into total lipid, increased oxidation of L- [l-14C]leucine, and antagonism of the lipolytic actions of epinephrine. Refractoriness to these effects of hGH in the fourth hour of incubation was produced by the addition of as little as 3 ng/ml hGH as soon as possible after excision of the tissues. These cells also responded to the delayed lipolytic effect of hGH in the presence of theophylline. The cells were found to have high affinity, low capacity, specific binding sites for 125I-labeled hGH. Monoiodination of hGH did not interfere with its capacity to produce biological responses. Specific binding equilibrated rapidly and appeared to saturate at about 100 ng/ml. In cells that were capable of exhibiting an insulin-like response to hGH, rat and ovine GH succe...
Kinetics of Anode Reactions for a Yeast‐Catalysed Microbial Fuel Cell

Chronoamperometric investigations with rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) were used to characterise the anodic half-cell of yeast powered microbial fuel cells using methylene blue (MB) as a mediator. Both convection and mediator adsorption were shown to affect the anodic current. A microbe–mediator limited reaction model was developed and shown to agree well with the experimental data. A power density of ∼150 μW cm–2 was achieved in a full cell, which represented a significant increase from prior reports on yeast-catalysed fuel cells. The increased power density was enabled by using high mediator concentrations and by controlling the mediator adsorption.
Comparison of methods for extraction, storage, and silylation of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of carbonyl compounds and multi-functional carbonyl compounds.

The employment of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatization along with bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) or N,N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) derivatization is a popular method for measurement of oxygenated organics in environmental and biological samples. Most notably, the derivatization method enables the measurement of atmospheric photooxidation products not detected by using other methods. PFBHA derivatization is often conducted in an aqueous solution. Accordingly, experiments were performed to compare the efficiency of hexane, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) for extraction of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatives of carbonyl compounds from water. Further, the stability of these compounds when stored at 4 °C in CH2Cl2 was determined, and commonly used methods for silylation of –OH and –COOH groups on the PFBHA derivatives were compared. Overall, CH2Cl2 was the most efficient solvent for extraction of PFBHA derivatives of hydroxycarbonyl compounds, dicarbonyl compounds, and keto-acids from water. Derivatives of carbonyl compounds that do not have secondary functional groups were extracted with approximately equal efficiency by each of the three solvents examined. The PFBHA derivatives of aromatic and saturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds and hydroxycarbonyl compounds were stable in CH2Cl2 at 4 °C for ≥66 days whereas the derivatives of keto-acids and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes begin to degrade after approximately 38 days. Comparison of four procedures for bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatization of –OH and –COOH groups on PFBHA derivatives revealed that primary –OH groups react efficiently in 20–100% BSTFA in CH2Cl2, and do not require a catalyst. Secondary –OH groups also react efficiently in 20–100% BSTFA, but the reaction yield improves slightly when trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) is added as a catalyst. Reaction of tertiary –OH groups with BSTFA was very inefficient, but improved with addition of 10% TMCS to the BSTFA solution. Finally, –COOH groups seemed to react most efficiently and consistently in 100% BSTFA, without catalyst.
On a system of nonlinear elliptic equations arising in theoretical physics

In this paper we study a system of nonlinear elliptic equations, known as the “vortex equations” in 2 dimensions, arising from the field-theoretical descriptions of several models in physics. When the underlying space is a closed surface, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution under a necessary and sufficient condition. When the space is R2, we establish the existence, uniqueness and sharp decay estimates for a solution.
The efficacy of the relaxation response in preparing for cardiac surgery.

This study evaluated the efficacy of the relaxation response on the post-operative recovery of 27 cardiac surgery patients randomly assigned to one of two groups. Thirteen experimental group patients received educational information and practiced eliciting the relaxation response before and after surgery. The 14 patients in the control group received only information. Experimental and control groups were compared before and after surgery on both physiological and psychological recovery variables. There were no initial differences between experimental and control groups on demographic, physiological, and most psychological variables. The experimental group had lower incidence of postoperative supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) than the control group (p = .04) despite having had the same occurrence previously. Experimental and control groups did not significantly differ over the course of study on any other physiological variables. Patients practicing the relaxation response had greater decreases in psychological tension (p = .04) and anger (p = .04) than those who received only educational information. The decreases in psychological tension may have been a result of regression to the mean because the experimental group started with elevated tension relative to the control group (p = .04). We conclude that practicing the relaxation response before and after surgery may reduce SVT, tension, and anger.
Carcinomatous Cirrhosis of the Liver with Sarcomatosis of the Peritoneum

The following case is reported because of the occurrence of two different types of malignant neoplasm with typical portal cirrhosis of the liver. That a pathogenetic relationship exists between Laennec's cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver is generally recognized. Whether the association of a peritoneal sarcoma with the cirrhosis in this case was more than a coincidence seemed an interesting point for discussion. Report of Case E. G., a white Italian male fifty-seven years old, was admitted to the Buffalo General Hospital on the service of Drs. N. G. Russell and A. H. Aaron, Nov. 25, 1934. He died Nov. 29, 1934. All his adult life he had partaken of large amounts of wine and whiskey daily. At the age of seventeen years he had suffered an attack of jaundice of several weeks' duration. The patient first began to lose weight and strength in 1932 and noticed that his skin was becoming dark. In March 1934 he complained of cramp-like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating. The stools were watery. There was no nausea or vomiting. Upon hospitalization, April 9, 1934, physical examination revealed that the pupils reacted to light and accommodation. The chest was emphysematous; breath sounds were diminished in both bases. The heart was regular; a systolic murmur was heard. The blood pressure was 118/70. The liver and spleen were palpable three finger breadths below the costal margin. The surface of the liver felt irregular but not nodular. No other masses were palpated. Fluid was present in the abdominal cavity. The legs were edematous.
Meteor Showers: which ones are real and where do they come from?

The IAU Meteor Shower Working List contains 369 showers, of which only 64 are considered established (per February 28, 2012). In this invited review, we will give an overview of international efforts to validate the remaining showers. We report on the showers that were validated in this triennium and proposed to receive the predicate “established" at the present General Assembly. The meteoroid orbit surveys characterize the meteoroid streams in terms of orbital elements and their dispersions, which is ground truth for efforts to identify their parent comets, study the fragmentation history of the (mostly dormant) comet population in the inner solar system, and understand the origin of the zodiacal cloud.
Intramolecular acid-catalyzed amide isomerization in aqueous solution.

We report for the first time that stoichiometric and even catalytic quantities of weak acids in aqueous solution can very efficiently catalyze amide isomerization in a carefully designed system in which a proton donor is situated so that intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the amide nitrogen is highly favored. Our results provide the first experimental verification that hydrogen bond donation to the amide nitrogen by charged proton donors may play a very significant role in the enzymatic catalysis of amide isomerization.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome

We studied 51 patients who developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (V-K-H) syndrome after corticosteroid therapy. The final visual acuity was better than 6/15 (20/50) in 50%, and less than 6/60 (20/200) in 25% of the patients. The severity and extraocular manifestations of this disease also appeared to be less than observed in patients before the clinical use of corticosteroids. Corticosteroid therapy probably altered the clinical picture in this disease, although other possibilities, including a skewed patient population, may account for these differences.
An approach to meeting the needs of medical students with learning disabilities

The Cognitive Skills Program at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine has identified 1% to 2% of students from several classes whose learning disabilities were previously undiagnosed. In three case studies, the importance of early identification and support during the preclinical years—and the impact of diagnosis, evaluation, and intervention—are illustrated. In each case, there was a dramatic improvement in performance when the student was made aware of his or her learning disability and when appropriate intervention was provided.
Dynamics of retinotectal synaptogenesis in normal and 3-eyed frogs: Evidence for the postsynaptic regulation of synapse number

Quantitative stereological methods were used to determine if the number, density, and types of synaptic connections formed during development are regulated by presynaptic input or by postsynaptic target cells in the optic tectum of normal and 3-eyed Rana pipiens tadpoles and frogs. Our analysis indicates that the number and size of synapses is approximately the same in both tecta of 3-eyed tadpoles and frogs, even though one tectal lobe is receiving input from twice the normal complement of retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, the number and size of synapses in the tectal lobes of 3-eyed animals did not differ significantly from values determined for normal tadpoles and frogs of the same developmental stage. These data suggest strongly that developing tectal cells regulate the number of synaptic contacts they will form. Differences in several morphological features between singly and doubly innervated tecta, however, including synapse density, distribution and complexity, amount of extracellular space, and number of myelin figures, suggest that the presence of supernumerary input retards tectal maturation. We propose that the noncorrelated activity of retinal ganglion cell terminals in the doubly innervated tectum results in fewer stabilized synapses per unit volume of neuropil and in the delayed maturation of the tectal neuropil. Taken together, our data suggest a complex dynamic interaction between retina and tectum during development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of strain on functional characteristics of nanoelectronic devices

Charge transport through the crystal lattice of a nanoelectronic device occurs quantum mechanically. Incompatible elastic strain introduced during fabrication of a device modifies the lattice and, therefore, its functional characteristics can be affected. In this article, a computational model for assessing this influence is described. Consequences of strain which are expected to be significant for model development are identified and the modifications necessary in the Schrodinger equation, the governing equation for transport, to account for strain are indicated. The densities of confined electronic states which arise in a particular columnar SiGe device configuration are determined for a range of column diameters by means of the numerical finite element method, providing a quantitative illustration of the influence of strain on device characteristics.
Supersonic Through-Flow Fan Blade Cascade Studies: Part I — Baseline Cascade

An investigation has been performed of the flow in a supersonic through-flow fan blade cascade. The blade shapes are those of the baseline supersonic through-flow fan (STF) under investigation at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Measurements were made at an inlet Mach number of 2.36 over a 15° range of incidence. Flowfield wave patterns were recorded using spark shadowgraph photography and steady-state instrumentation was used to measure blade surface pressure distributions and downstream flowfield. From these measurements, the integrated loss coefficients are presented as a function of incidence angle along with analysis indicating the source of losses in the STF cascade. The results are compared with calculations made using a two-dimensional, cell-centered, finite-volume, Navier-Stokes code with upwind options. Good general agreement is found at design conditions, with lesser agreement at off-design conditions. Analysis of the leading edge shock shows that the leading edge radius is a major source of losses in STF blades. Losses from the leading edge bluntness are converted downstream into the blade wake, and are difficult to distinguish from viscous losses. Shock losses are estimated to account for 70% to 80% of the losses in the STF cascade.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
The multiple scattering of neutrons at resonances

Abstract The effects of multiple scattering of neutrons at resonances have been investigated experimentally and by means of a Monte Carlo calculation. Multiple scattering in thick samples has been shown to produce a peculiar distribution in the time-of-flight spectrum, the characteristics of which have been reproduced by computation. The results of this investigation show that quantitative information about partial cross sections is of questionable value when multiple scattering is an important factor.
Forms of output distribution between two individuals motivated by a satisfaction function.

Motivations of two individuals governed by a satisfaction function are assumed to determine their respective “efforts”, which result in the production of “output”, i.e., objects of satisfaction. In previous papers the sharing of output was prescribed in advance. In the present article, however, the sharing formula itself is determined to a certain extent by the satisfaction function. The rate of remuneration per unit of output for each individual is taken to be proportional to the derivative of the satisfaction of the other individual with respect to the effort of the first. The formulation of this condition leads to a partial differential equation whose solutions determine the sharing formula. Sharing determined in this way is referred to as sharing according to the Condition of Mutual Need (C.M.N.). Satisfaction resulting from five different situations are the computed and compared: (1) an individual producing and consuming alone; (2) two individuals sharing equally and neither taking the “initiative” to determine the optimum output; (3) sharing determined by C.M.N. with optimum output determined as in (2); (4) equal sharing but with one individual taking “initiative” in determining optimal output; and (5) sharing determined by C.M.N. and optiml output by the “initiative” of one individual. further considerations concern conditions imposed on the arbitrary function occurring in the solution of the above-mentioned partial differential equation.
Chemistry of lichen constituents—VI: Mass spectra of usnic acid, lichexanthone and their derivatives

The mass spectra of usnic acid, decarbousnic acid, usnetic acid and usnetol are reported and mechanistically interpreted. The mass spectra of lichexanthone and lichexanthone methyl ether were also examined, and the unusal features of the latter spectrum have been rationalized.
Social Class and Schizophrenia: Some Requirements for a Plausible Theory of Social Influence.

Since the classic study of Faris and Dunham (1939) in Chicago, generations of sociologists have sought to demonstrate a link between social factors and the occurrence of schizophrenia and to argue the importance of social causation. Such arguments have varied greatly in their sophistication, and some years ago I lamented-in reviewing the field of medical sociology at a meeting of the American Sociological Association-that some sociologists seem to be willing to grasp any argument of social causation, however flimsy the evidence, but remain skeptical of the findings of biological and genetic investigations, however impressive the methods and data (Mechanic, 1966). Since that time in 1964 the evidence favoring an important genetic link in schizophrenia has impressively cumulated, while the studies on social causation have produced a mixture of results providing little confidence that we have located those social factors, if any, that play a central part in this profoundly disabling disease of great social consequence (Rosenthal, 1970; Rosenthal and Kety, 1968).
Emergency department treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures with phenytoin.

Study objective: Prevention of recurrent alcohol withdrawal seizures is a common emergency department problem. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of adequate size was designed to assess the efficacy of phenytoin in preventing recurrence of alcohol withdrawal seizures. Methods: Fifty-five patients who had seized from alcohol withdrawal were randomly assigned to treatment with IV phenytoin or placebo. Patients with known seizure disorders and those receiving any anticonvulsant were excluded. The study was terminated after seizure recurrence or passage of a six-hour, high-risk seizure interval. Results: Six of 28 phenytoin-treated patients (21%) had recurrent seizures compared with five of 27 placebo-treated patients (19%). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in response probabilities was +16% to −20%. There was no statistically significant difference between the response rates for the two treatments ( P > .05). Conclusion: Phenytoin does not show significant benefit over placebo in preventing recurrence of alcohol withdrawal seizures.