cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The transforming protein of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus is a soluble cytoplasmic protein which is associated with a protein kinase activity.

We have identified the product (p57v-rel) of the transforming gene, v-rel, of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) using antisera generated against nonoverlapping sequences representing the middle and carboxy-terminal regions of the v-rel protein expressed in Escherichia coli (N.K. Herzog and H.R. Bose, Jr., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 812-816). The amino-terminal region of the v-rel protein was also expressed in E. coli and used to generate antisera. The immunoglobulin-enriched fractions of these antisera were used to determine the subcellular location of p57v-rel in REV-T transformed lymphoid cells. Cells were fractionated into nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytoplasmic fractions. The majority of p57v-rel was found in the cytoplasm. Examination of REV-T transformed lymphoid cells labeled with 32Pi revealed that the majority of the phosphorylated form of the v-rel protein was also found in the cytoplasm. Indirect immunofluorescence of REV-T transformed cells gave a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern indicating that p57v-rel was not associated with any discrete cellular organelle. The distribution of p57v-rel was similar in REV-T transformed lymphoid cells labeled with [35S]methionine for short and long periods of time, suggesting that p57v-rel is a soluble cytoplasmic protein throughout its lifetime. The v-rel protein was phosphorylated when immune complexes precipitated from transformed cells with the immunoglobulin fractions obtained from antisera against the amino-terminal, middle, and carboxy-terminal regions of v-rel were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and Mn2+. The phosphorylation of p57v-rel in the in vitro immune complex kinase assay was inhibited when the immunoglobulin-enriched fraction of these antisera was preincubated with the homologous v-rel fusion proteins. Preincubation with heterologous proteins did not block the phosphorylation of p57v-rel. These observations suggest that p57v-rel is associated with a protein kinase activity. Most of the kinase activity was found in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of transformed cells. The transforming protein encoded by v-rel is a relatively stable protein with a half-life of approximately 7 to 8 hr in transformed lymphoid cells.
Extended SSA with factored use-def chains to support optimization and parallelism

We describe our implementation of the Static Single Assignment (SSA) form of intermediate program representation in our parallelizing Fortran 90 compiler, Nascent. Although the traditional SSA form algorithm renames variables uniquely at every definition point, it is not practical to add new names to the symbol table at all assignments. Thus, most implementations actually provide def-use chains for each definition. In contrast, we provide use-def chains, so that in the intermediate representation the link at each use points to its unique reaching definition. We discuss how our approach improves the implementation and efficiency of optimization and analysis techniques such as induction variable recognition and scalar dependence identification, used in the detection of parallelism. We also support parallelism by extending the traditional SSA form into languages with parallel constructs. >
Color appearance depends on the variance of surround colors

Abstract Background: The perceived color at each point in a visual scene depends on the relationship between light signals from that point, and light signals from surrounding areas of the scene. In the well known phenomenon of simultaneous color contrast, changing the overall brightness or hue of an object's surround induces a complementary shift in the perceived brightness or hue of the object's color. Color contrast is thought to contribute to color constancy with changes in illumination. Results: We report a new type of simultaneous color contrast, in which changing only the variance (i.e. contrasts and saturations), but not the mean, of colors in a test spot's surround induces a complementary shift in the perceived contrast and saturation of the test spot's color. Objects appear much more vivid and richly colored against low-contrast, gray surrounds than against high-contrast, multicolored surrounds. Conclusions: Color appearance depends not just on the mean color of the surround, but also on the distribution of surround colors about the mean. This novel form of simultaneous color contrast is inconsistent with a variety of models of color appearance, including those based on sensitivity regulation at the receptor level, and those in which the effects of complex surrounds on color appearance can be reduced to adaptation to the illuminant or induction from a homogeneous ‘equivalent surround'. It tends to normalize the gamut of perceived colors in each visual scene and may also contribute to color constancy under viewing conditions that affect contrast.
Chemical reaction processes in two‐phase systems: Theory and experimental results for slow chemical reactions in batch, column, and continuous stirred tank reactor operations

A theory of design of chemical reactors is developed for two-phase fluid systems where the rates of chemical reaction are low relative to the rates of mass transfer. Equations are presented for batch, column, and continuous stirred tank operations. Experimental data on the continuous hydrolysis of acetic anhydride in a benzene-water system operating countercurrently in a pulsed-flow sieve plate column and in a packed column are analyzed in terms of the theory.
Allele sharing at six VNTR loci and genetic distances among three ethnically defined human populations.

Because of their high degree of polymorphisms, the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci have become extremely useful in studies involving gene mapping, determination of identity and relatedness of individuals, and evolutionary relationships among populations. However, there are some concerns regarding whether or not the patterns of such genetic variation can be studied by the classical population models that are developed for studying genetic variation at blood groups and protein loci, since VNTR alleles detected by molecular size may not always be identical by descent. Although theoretical and empirical studies demonstrate that this concern is overstated, this study provides further support of the application of the traditional mutation-drift models to predict the pattern of intra- and inter-populational variation at VNTR loci. By comparing genetic variation at six VNTR loci with that at 16 blood groups and protein loci in three ethnically defined populations, we show that the patterns of variability at these two sets of loci are in general parallel to each other. Shared VNTR alleles among populations are generally more frequent than the ones which are not present in every population; the proportion of shared alleles among populations increases with increasing genetic similarity of populations; and the number of VNTR alleles is positively correlated with gene diversity at these loci. All of these observations are in agreement with the prediction of the mutation-drift models, particularly when the possibility of forward-backward mutations are taken into account. This parallelism of genetic variation at VNTR loci and blood groups/protein loci further asserts the potential of using such hypervariable loci for microevoltionary studies, where closely related populations may exhibit considerably less allele frequency differences at the classical blood group and protein loci. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changes in Knowledge Representations of Computer Systems with Experience

This study examined the changes in the knowledge representations of text-editing commands as experience increases. Novices appear to organize the commands by their definitions, whereas experts use both command definitions and command sequence configurations to organize the commands. Thus, it appears that declarative knowledge is the first type of knowledge to be acquired in learning text-editing commands. At a more general level, experts and novices both organized their commands along three general dimensions, but the third dimension was different for the two groups. The results of this study, in conjunction with previous computer system studies, suggests an incremental model of the acquisition of computer-related knowledge in which there are changes in both the content and the representation of the knowledge.
Evaluating course Web sites and student performance

Erwin Boschmann [1] listed four major issues pertaining to "the infusion of technology in higher education" in a recent posting on The Technology Source. His third issue is ,that "there is little existing research on learning." This paper addresses that issue by analyzing a course web site now in its fifth semester of operation and focusing squarely on its effect on student learning. It discusses research methods for evaluating the web site's effect on student performance and statistical methods for identifying performance trends. Data on multiple undergraduate courses is presented, comparing student performance before and after the web site was introduced.
Characterization of mechanically sheared edges of dual phase steels

Abstract In recent years advanced high strength steels (AHSS) received increased interest for light structures with improved performance, but they are often sensitive to edge cracking during sheet metal forming. In this study mechanically sheared edges were characterized for three dual phase steels (DP600, DP780 and DP980), sheared with three die clearances (5%t, 10%t, 15%t) and along rolling and transverse directions. Microstructures of the materials were provided first, and then the sheared edges were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy that reveal the morphology and random feature of the sheared edges. A factorial analysis was performed to reveal the general trends of the processing parameters on four edge zones. A new strain measurement method was used for characterizing strain distribution in the sheared region, which shows the peak strain to be higher than 3. The strain quickly decreases from sheared edge to interior, leaving a shear-affected zone of about 500 μm or 31% of the thickness. The fracture processes and involved mechanisms were discussed.
Creating and Maintaining Networks Among Leaders: An Exploratory Case Study of Two Leadership Training Programs

This research explores the link and importance of creating and maintaining networks with statewide and county-wide leadership training programs. The first section provides a review of literature on...
Body weight, mental health capital, and academic achievement

Although obese students are more likely to exhibit the symptoms of depression than their slimmer counterparts and often do poorly in school, it is not clear whether these associations are spurious or causal in nature. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we use an instrumental variables (IV) approach to distinguish between these hypotheses. IV estimates suggest that body weight leads to decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptomatology among female, but not male, respondents. In addition, we find that body weight is negatively related to female academic achievement. Finally, we explore the degree to which the relationship between body weight and female academic achievement is explained by psychological wellbeing. We find that psychological wellbeing accounts for up to 30 % of this relationship.
Small Town Services and Facilities: The Influence of Social Networks and Civic Structure on Perceptions of Quality

In this research, it is posited that perceptions of the quality of services and facilities in small towns are dependent on the social organization of those places. Two components of this social organization are the social capital that inheres among individuals and the civic structure of the town. This hypothesis is tested using multi-level models that combine individual-level social capital and community-level civic structure to explain variations among 99 rural towns in Iowa. I find that civic structure contributes positively and significantly to effects between communities, while individual-level social capital is positive and a significant contributor to effects within communities. The civic structure models explain 32 percent of the variance in perceptions of the quality of core public facilities and services and 43 percent of the variance in secondary public-private services. The strong contributions of individual social capital and civic structure suggest that investments in the micro and macro social structure of small towns can assist in strengthening perceptions of community infrastructure.
User defined coverage—a tool supported methodology for design verification

This paper describes a new coverage methodology developed at IBM's Haifa Research Lab. The main idea behind the methodology is a separation of the coverage model definition from the coverage analysis tool. This enables the user to define the coverage models that best fit the points of significance in the design, and still have the benefits of a coverage tool. To support this methodology, we developed a new coverage measurement tool called Comet. The tool is currently used in many domains, such as system verification and micro-architecture verification, and in many types of designs ranging from systems, to microprocessors, and ASICs.
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a tidal estuary

Abstract A finite element model is described which is used in the computation of tidal currents in an estuary. This numerical model is patterned after an existing algorithm and has been carefully tested in rectangular and curve-sided channels with constant and variable depth. One of the common uncertainties in this class of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models is the treatment of the lateral boundary conditions. Special attention is paid specifically to addressing this problem. To maintain continuity within the domain of interest, ‘smooth’ curve-sided elements must be used at all shoreline boundaries. The present model uses triangular, isoparametric elements with quadratic basis functions for the two velocity components and a linear basis function for water surface elevation. An implicit time integration is used and the model is unconditionally stable. The resultant governing equations are nonlinear owing to the advective and the bottom friction terms and are solved iteratively at each time step by the Newton-Raphson method. Model test runs have been made in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, California (South Bay) as well as in the Bay west of Carquinez Strait. Owing to the complex bathymetry, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Bay system are dictated by the generally shallow basins which contain deep, relict river channels. Great care must be exercised to ensure that the conservation equations remain locally as well as globally accurate. Simulations have been made over several representative tidal cycles using this finite element model, and the results compare favourably with existing data. In particular, the standing wave in South Bay and the progressive wave in the northern reach are well represented.
The Krukenberg procedure: a surgical option for the treatment of double hand amputees in Sierra Leone.

Summary Background For the past 9 years, Sierra Leone has struggled with a cruel civil war in which the civilian population has been the principal target. The International Committee of the Red Cross established a surgical mission in Netland Hospital, Freetown, and during this surgical mission, we treated crippled individuals who had had one or both hands amputated. We assessed the benefit of the Krukenberg procedure to restore manual dexterity in this group. In this operation, radius and ulna are separated and a pincer-like grasp is created. Methods From July 15, 1998, to Sept 9, 1998, we carried out the Krukenberg procedure on a group of double and single hand amputees. The main target group was double hand amputees, however, the procedure was initially done on three single hand amputees to assess the functional result. Between the original trauma and the operation, there had been an interval of 3 months or longer in all patients. Patients were followed up for 3 months after the procedure to assess gripping strength and self-sufficiency (feeding, personal hygiene, dressing, and manual dexterity). Findings 15 Krukenberg procedures were done on 11 patients: eight men and three women (mean age 42 years). Three had single hand amputation and eight had double hand amputation. In only two patients had sufficient time passed for the stumps to heal. Of ten patients who were followed up at 3 months, all could eat and drink by themselves. The simple dressing test was passed by all patients and 75% of the patients had recovered some dexterity. Interpretation The Krukenberg procedure is a surgical option to achieve some manual dexterity in double hand amputees, where resources for sophisticated hand prostheses are lacking.
The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: not all social exchange violations are created equal

This research explored the differential effects on employees of two types of social exchange violations: those that generate perceptions of psychological contract breach and of organizational cynicism. We predicted that psychological contract breach and cynicism would result in differential outcomes because of differences in the person specificity of their underlying social exchange relationships. Using a sample of bank employees, we found that cynicism partially mediated the effects of psychological contract breach on work-related attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction), but that only psychological contract breach (not cynicism) predicted employees' behavioral responses (performance, absenteeism). Further, affective cynicism fully mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that cynical attitudes have negative consequences for the attitude holder. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency constraints on ms from QCD dispersion relations and chiral perturbation theory in Kℓ3 decays

The authors use both old and new theoretical developments in QCD dispersion relation constraints on the scalar form factor in the decay K {r_arrow} {pi}l{nu}{sub l} to obtain constraints on the strange quark mass. The perturbative QCD side of the calculation incorporates up to four-loop corrections, while the hadronic side uses a recently developed parameterization constructed explicitly to satisfy the dispersive constraints. Using chiral perturbation theory ({chi}PT) as a model for soon-to-be measured data, they find a series of lower bounds on m{sub s} increasing with the accuracy to which one believes {chi}PT to represent the full QCD result.
A MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FRAMEWORK FOR ROBUST MANAGEMENT OF MULTI-PRODUCT, MULTI-ECHELON DEMAND NETWORKS

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is presented as a robust, flexible decision framework for dynamically managing inventories and meeting customer demand in demand networks (a.k.a. supply chains). Ultimately, required safety stock levels in demand networks can be significantly reduced as a result of the performance demonstrated by the MPC approach. The translation of available information in the supply chain problem into MPC variables is demonstrated with a two-node supply chain example. A six-node, two-product, three-echelon demand network problem proposed by Intel is well managed by a partially decentralized MPC implementation under simultaneous demand forecast inaccuracies and plant-model mismatch.
Functional integral representation of the nuclear many-body grand partition function

Abstract A local functional integral formulation of the nuclear many-body problem is proposed which is a generalization of the method previously developed [ Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 148 (1983), 436; Phys. Rev. C 24 (1981), 1029]. Its most interesting feature is that it allows an expansion of the many-body evolution operator around any arbitrary mean-field which takes into account the pairing correlations between the nucleons. This is explicitly illustrated for the nuclear many-body grand partition function for which special attention is paid to the static temperature-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (H.F.B.) approximation. Indeed, the temperature-dependent H.F.B. configuration appears to be the optimal choice from a variational point of view among all the possible independent quasi-particle motion approximations. An analytic approximation of the energy level density p ( E , A ) is given using explicitly the arbitrariness in the choice of the mean-field and a possible numerical application is proposed. Finally, a new compact formulation of our functional integral that might be useful for future Monte Carlo calculations is proposed.
Impulse Control for Planar Spring-Mass Running

In this paper, we present a novel control strategy for running which is robust to disturbances, and makes excellent use of passive dynamics for energy economy. Our strategy combines two ideas: an existing flight phase policy, and a novel stance phase impulse control policy. The state-of-the-art flight phase policy commands a leg angle trajectory that results in a consistent horizontal center-of-mass velocity from hop to hop when running over uneven terrain, thus maintaining a steady gait and avoiding falls. Our novel stance phase control policy rejects ground disturbances by matching the actuated model's toe impulse profile to that of a passive spring-mass system hopping on flat rigid ground. This combined strategy is self-stable for changes in ground impedance or ground height, and thus does not require a ground model. Our strategy is promising for robotics applications, because there is a clear distinction between the passive dynamic behavior of the model and the active controller, it does not require sensing of the environment, and it is based on a sound theoretical background that is compatible with existing high-level controllers for ideal spring-mass models.
Retinal phototoxicity: a review of standard methodology for evaluating retinal optical radiation hazards.

Abstract—Optical radiation (light) safety standards can be difficult to use for the evaluation of light hazards to the retina, even for persons experienced in radiometry and photometry. This paper reviews terminology and methodology for evaluating optical radiation hazards to the retina in accordanc
Ring size and substituent steric effects in cyclic ketene-N,O/S-acetal trifluoroacetylations

Abstract Trifluoroacetylations of cyclic ketene-N,O/S-acetals exhibit a ring size effect. The five-membered rings 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, and 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, each form cyclic ketene-N,O/S-acetal intermediates which then react with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give β-monotrifluoroacetylation products. Conversely, the six-membered ring 2-methyl-2-oxazine gives its β,β-bistrifluoroacetylation product. In situ-generated five-membered ring N-Me cyclic ketene-N,O-acetals, 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-methylene-oxazolidine, and 3-methyl-2-methylene-oxazolidine, and six-membered ring 3-methyl-2-methylene-1,3-oxazinane were each β,β-bistrifluoroacetylated. However, 3-methyl-2-methylene-oxazolidine also afforded a γ-lactam by an iodide-catalyzed rearrangement of its β,β-bistrifluoroacetylated derivative. In situ-generated 3-methyl-2-methylene-thiazolidine gives both β-mono- and β,β-bistrifluoroacetylation products and no lactam, in contrast to its N,O-analog 3-methyl-2-methyleneoxazolidine.
Deploying a Dynamic Voice-Over-IP Firewall with IP Telephony Applications

Abstract T he deployment of voice-enabled applications over an IP network is poised for explosive growth. (IP identifies the Internet Protocol, which is the 32-bit protocol used routinely by network routers and forms the backbone of Internet operation.) IP networks are attractive in that they are cheaper to deploy, are able to support more traffic on the wire (thus, make more efficient use of bandwidth), are self-healing, and are capable of supporting new services (such as the operation of videoconferencing and Web-enabled call centers).
Welsh Without Frontiers? Use of the Community Metaphor in Wales's Sponsored Top-Level Domain Bid

This article assesses Wales's chance for winning the sponsored top-level domain (sTLD). cym through a comparison with Catalonia's.cat campaign. sTLDs are considered important promotional tools for regions like Wales and Catalonia because of perceived benefits for the online “language and culture community,” and as such, the community metaphor is employed extensively in both campaign. Although Wales has support comparable to Catalonia from government, individuals, and organizations, subtle differences in how dotCYM (the web site of Wales's campaign) promotes.cym's role in the Welsh online community may hinder the bid. Comparative discourse analysis suggests that dotCYM believes.cym will help define a potential Welsh online community, rather than one currently existing, and reveals confusion about who should be in this community. Finally, dotCYM is inconsistent in its use of the community metaphor, stating that.cym will help create “Welsh without frontiers,” a notion contradictory to some scholars' understanding of community.
Pharmacokinetics of moricizine HCl

Moricizine HCl is a phenothiazine derivative with antiarrhythmic properties. It was developed in the USSR and is now undergoing clinical evaluation. Although preliminary work has shown moricizine HCl to be effective in treating both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, little is known of its pharmacokinetics. There is a 4-fold variability in range for its elimination half-life and in volumes of distribution and clearance. There is a linear relation for peak plasma levels and area under the plasma concentration/time curve with regard to single-dose administration of moricizine HCl. The bioavailability of moricizine HCl connotes extensive first-pass effect, or presystemic metabolism. Very little of moricizine is excreted unchanged; it is extensively metabolized to certain compounds that are present in plasma for extended periods. Moricizine is extensively (92% to 95%) bound to plasma protein. Its coadministration with cimetidine leads to additive systemic effects; however, there is no evidence of alterations in steady-state levels when moricizine HCl is coadministered with digoxin. Because moricizine is a drug with active metabolites, its concentration/effect profile is complex; this poses a challenge for accurate dose titration. This may, however, be a helpful challenge in that the metabolites may one day prove useful in therapy. This surmise warrants further study.
Transliteration normalization for Information Extraction and Machine Translation

Foreign name transliterations typically include multiple spelling variants. These variants cause data sparseness and inconsistency problems, increase the Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) rate, and present challenges for Machine Translation, Information Extraction and other natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This work aims to identify and cluster name spelling variants using a Statistical Machine Translation method: word alignment. The variants are identified by being aligned to the same "pivot" name in another language (the source-language in Machine Translation settings). Based on word-to-word translation and transliteration probabilities, as well as the string edit distance metric, names with similar spellings in the target language are clustered and then normalized to a canonical form. With this approach, tens of thousands of high-precision name transliteration spelling variants are extracted from sentence-aligned bilingual corpora in Arabic and English (in both languages). When these normalized name spelling variants are applied to Information Extraction tasks, improvements over strong baseline systems are observed. When applied to Machine Translation tasks, a large improvement potential is shown.
Stabilization of Topotecan in Low pH Liposomes Composed of Distearoylphosphatidylcholine

Topotecan is a promising anticancer agent presently undergoing clinical evaluation worldwide. Topotecan, camptothecin, 9-aminocamptothecin, and CPT-11 have aroused considerable interest in recent years for their ability to halt the growth of a wide range of human tumors. For each analogue an important structural requirement for biological activity is a closed alpha-hydroxy lactone ring moiety. Unfortunately, this functionality hydrolyses rapidly in aqueous solution under physiological conditions (i.e. pH 7 or above), resulting in an inactive carboxylate form of the drug. In this report, we demonstrate that topotecan's half-life in human plasma (pH 7.6) can be enhanced dramatically by packaging the drug within the aqueous, pH 5-adjusted confines of lipid vesicles composed of diasteroylphosphatidylcholine. We have also demonstrated that drug sequestration within the liposomal particles can be efficiently accomplished. Thus, our preliminary experiments suggest that liposomes may be of potential utility for markedly improving the stability of topotecan in circulation.
Swarm intelligence for digital circuits implementation on field programmable gate arrays platforms

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming increasingly important implementation platforms for digital circuits. One of the necessary requirements to effectively utilize the FPGA's resources is an efficient placement and routing mechanism. This paper presents an optimization technique based on swarm intelligence for FPGA placement and routing. Mentor graphics technology mapping netlist file is used to generate initial FPGA placements and routings which are then optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Results for the implementation of a binary coded decimal bidirectional counter and an arithmetic logic unit on a Xilinx FPGA show that PSO is a potential technique for solving the placement and routing problem.
Systematic development of a proctor certification examination for the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery testing program.

Abstract Background The fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) examination is administered by proctors around the world. Inconsistent administration represents a threat to test validity. We systematically developed a test to assess the FLS proctors knowledge and skills relating to FLS test administration. Methods Downing's 12 steps for test development were used. subject matter expert's created a job and/or task analysis inventory of the knowledge and skills of an FLS proctor. Using the weighted blueprint, a 45 question examination was created using online testing software and piloted. Results The blueprint generated 38 job and/or task analysis items in 4 domains. Items on the test had an average content validity index of .9. The mean score during beta testing was 32 of 45 (71%). Reliability was good at .72. Mean item difficulty and discrimination were .71 and .28, respectively. The cut score was set at 62% resulting in a pass rate of 83%. Conclusions We developed a test representing the skills of the FLS proctor that demonstrates considerable validity evidence. Incorporation of this examination into proctor training should reduce the threats to validity for the FLS examination.
Review of Medical Reports on Pedophilia

The present report is a review of all 554 papers published on Medline on pedophilia. The first discussion is the history of the disorder from ancient Greece to the present time, especially the influence of the liberal country of the Netherlands, the North American Man-Boy Love Association, and the sexual crisis in the Catholic Church. One important question is the relationship between homosexual pedophilia and adult homosexuality. Evidence for and against this relationship is presented. Next discussed are the characteristics of the victim and the long lasting serious effects of sexual abuse. Laboratory correlations are included, especially phallometric tests in order to objectively measure the physical responses to sexual stimuli. Electrophysiological and radiographic tests are also mentioned, including electroencephalography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans. An important section is the characterization of pedophiles with emphasis on their frequent previous sexual abuse, their past, their present, and their anticipated future. The final topic is treatment of this disorder with surgery, medication, behavioral therapy and the combination of medication and behavioral therapy.
A factor automaton approach for the forced alignment of long speech recordings

This paper addresses the problem of aligning long speech recordings to their transcripts. Previous work has focused on using highly tuned language models trained on the transcripts to reduce the search space. In this paper we propose the use of a factor automaton, a well known method to represent all substrings from a string. This automaton encodes a highly constrained language model trained on the transcripts. We show competitive results with n-gram models in several testing scenarios. Preliminary experiments show perfect alignments at a reduced computational load and with a smaller memory footprint when compared to n-gram models.
An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.
Long-Term Impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E: Results of a 6-Year Follow-Up

The long-term effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) was assessed by contrasting drug use and other D.A.R.E.-related attitudinal latent variables among 356 twelfth- grade students who had received the program in the 6th grade with 264 others who did not receive it. A prior study of these subjects when they were in 9th grade had shown no significant differences. A follow-up survey in 12th grade assessed central D.A.R.E. concepts such as self- esteem, police bonds, delay of experimentation with drugs, and various forms of drug use. Although the authors found no relationship between prior D.A.R.E. participation and later alcohol use, cigarette smoking, or marijuana use in 12th grade, there was a significant relationship between earlier D.A.R.E. participation and less use of illegal, more deviant drugs (e.g., inhalants, cocaine, LSD) in a development sample but not in a validation sample. Findings from the two studies suggest a possible sleeper effect for D.A.R.E. in reference to the use ...
The relationship between parent health literacy and pediatric emergency department utilization: a systematic review.

Abstract Background Low health literacy in parents can potentially impact understanding of a child's diagnosis and treatment course. No reviews have addressed parent health literacy in the emergency department (ED), the relationship between parent health literacy and child ED utilization, or the impact of low literacy interventions on child ED utilization. Objective To systematically evaluate the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to parental health literacy and ED utilization. The following key questions were addressed: question (Q) 1) What is the prevalence of low health literacy, as estimated by validated health literacy measures, of parents in the ED? Q2) Is parent low health literacy related to ED use for children? Q3) Do low literacy interventions targeting parents likely to have low health literacy affect ED use for children? Data Sources The authors reviewed 483 unduplicated titles and abstracts published between 1980 and May 2012 using PubMed and CINAHL, with 117 retained for full review and 17 included in the final analytic review. Study Eligibility Criteria, Participants, and Interventions All included articles had a valid measure of parent health literacy and a Q1) descriptive measurement of the population, Q2) ED utilization, or Q3) utilized a low literacy educational intervention. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods One author extracted data verified by a second author. Studies were rated for quality by both authors. Results Q1) A median of 30% (interquartile range 22–36%) of parents in the ED possesses low health literacy. Q2) Studies investigating the relationship between health literacy and ED yielded mixed results. Q3) Seven of 8 low literacy interventions were associated with a reduction in ED use. Random effects pooled odds ratios from 6 studies showed intervention effectiveness (odds ratio 0.35; 95% CI 0.15–0.81). Limitations No intervention studies measured health literacy, limiting the ability to determine whether the low literacy intervention targeted health literacy. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings Roughly 1 in 3 parents of children presenting to the ED have low health literacy. Importantly, interventions targeting parents likely to have low health literacy have an impact in reducing ED utilization.
On the Role of Spatial Aggregation in the Extinction of a Species

We compare two spatial stochastic models. The first, introduced by Schinazi (2005), shows that spatial aggregation may cause the extinction of a species in catastrophic times. The second shows that, for a certain range of parameters, spatial aggregation may help the survival of a species in non catastrophic times.
Pole-Perturbation Theory for Nonlinear Noise Analysis of All-Pole RF MEMS Tunable Filters

This paper presents a theoretical approach to predict the effect of nonlinear noise mechanisms in all-pole RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tunable filters. It is shown that both nonlinearity and noise can be expressed as perturbations of poles of the filter transfer function. Perturbations in the bandpass filter are mapped into its equivalent ladder network as perturbations in the prototype element values. Closed-form equations are derived to calculate pole-perturbations in Butterworth and Chebyshev filters using prototype perturbations. The proposed method is then used to calculate the effect of nonlinear noise phenomena due to Brownian motion in RF MEMS tunable filters for different input power levels. As a result, the filter phase noise is calculated as a function of input power, tuning state, fractional bandwidth, filter order, and frequency offset. The effect of filter nonidealities and their implications on phase noise are discussed. Finally, it is shown that signal-to-noise ratio degradation due to filter phase noise is most significant in MEMS tunable filters with low bandwidth, high order, and high quality factor.
Eye Movements And Coding Of Video Sequences

The influence of eye movements on the perception of spatiotemporal impairments and their relevance for the encoding of video sequences is discussed comprehensively. Two simple experiments show that it is neither permissable to generally blur the video signal in moving areas, nor is it justified to introduce more noise in moving areas. Eye movements slant the spatiotemporal frequency response of the HVS. The influence of eye movements on spatial and temporal masking is demonstrated by a computational model of visual perception. Smooth pursuit eye movements reduce or eliminate temporal masking, but they increase spatial masking effects. A coding system is considered, that utilizes an eye tracker to pick up the point of regard of a single viewer. Such a system has an enormous potential for data compression, but the usefulness of the approach is limited because of the delay introduced by encoding and transmission.
Organic matter remineralization and porewater exchange rates in permeable South Atlantic Bight continental shelf sediments

South Atlantic Bight (SAB) continental shelf sediments are characterized by high permeabilities, substantial benthic microalgal photosynthesis, and rapid tidally driven bottom currents. Primary productivity by benthic microalgae rivals water column production for much of the shelf area for most of the year and porewater exchange proceeds at rates of 2–100 (mean 34) times that of molecular diffusion. In this environment, traditional techniques of porewater diffusion calculations and benthic fluxchamber incubations do not yield accurate estimates of integrated sedimentary reaction and metabolic rates. Between 1995 and 2001, porewater nutrient distributions have been determined on sediment cores recovered on 24 separate expeditions to the central shelf. Measurements demonstrate that standing stocks of porewater nutrients vary significantly seasonally. Replicate whole core incubations from 1999–2001 conducted over a seasonal cycle reveal that remineralization rates vary seasonally by more than a factor of 18, in response to changes in bottom temperature and possibly organic carbon input. These results suggest that changes in remineralization rate and not changes in porewater advective transport rate are the primary factor accounting for the observed seasonal differences in porewater nutrient inventories. Integrating the observed remineralization rates over the shelf area and throughout an annual cycle implies that approximately 3.8 Tg C, equivalent to 17% of the integrated mid-shelf water column production, is recycled annually in the sediments below the surface benthic microalgal layer of the South Atlantic Bight. Including respiration associated with the sediment surface photosynthetic community implies that the sediments account for approximately half of the total metabolic carbon turnover in this shelf system. r 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Biobank Participants' Preferences for Disclosure of Genetic Research Results: Perspectives From the OurGenes, OurHealth, OurCommunity Project

Abstract Objective To assess biobank participants' preferences for disclosure of genetic research results. Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of participants in the OurGenes, OurHealth, OurCommunity biobank. Respondents were surveyed about preferences for disclosure, importance of disclosure, communication of results with practitioners, and sharing of results after respondents' death. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess independent sociodemographic and clinical predictors of disclosure preferences. Data collection occurred from June 6, 2011, to June 25, 2012. Results Among 1154 biobank participants, 555 (48%) responded. Most thought that research result disclosure was important (90%). Preference for disclosure varied, depending on availability of disease treatment (90% vs 64%, P P P Conclusions OurGenes biobank participants report strong preferences for disclosure of research results, and most would designate a relative to receive results after death. Participant preferences for serious vs mild disease, high vs low disease risk, and availability of disease treatment differed significantly. Future research should consider family members' preferences for receiving research results from enrolled research participants.
Opportunistic Information Retrieval in Sparsely Connected Ad Hoc Networks

With the advancement in technology, many users carry wireless computing de-vices e.g., PDAs, cell-phones etc. Such devices can form mobile ad hoc networks and communicate with one another via the help of intermediate nodes. Such ad hoc networks are very useful in several scenarios e.g., battlefield operations, vehicular ad hoc networks and disaster response scenarios. The ability to access important information in these scenarios is highly critical. Many ad hoc routing schemes have been designed for ad hoc networks but such routing schemes are not useful in some challenging network scenarios where the nodes have intermittent connectivity and suffer frequent partitioning. Recently, disruption tolerant network technologies [5, 12] have been proposed to allow nodes in such extreme network-ing environment to communicate with one another. Several DTN routing schemes [4, 14] have been proposed.
Uses and Limitations of the XTT Assay in Studies of Candida Growth and Metabolism

Colorimetric tetrazolium assays are used increasingly in studies of fungi, often in the absence of standardization or correlation with other methods. We examined species- and strain-related tetrazolium metabolism in Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis by using XTT {2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide} and WST-8 [2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulphonyl)-2H-tetrazolium] and found marked variations. Also, significant signal was often missed in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide extraction.
A 60 GHz-Standard Compatible Programmable 50 GHz Phase-Locked Loop in 90 nm CMOS

This letter presents, for the first time, a 60 GHz four-channel standard compatible heterodyne frequency synthesizer solution with low-cost reference signal. The presented PLL features a dual-core varactor-based LC cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The measured phase noise is -80.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and it is limited by the phase noise of the reference signal. The measured output spectrum shows spur suppression higher than 32 dBc. Using the lowest reference frequency to date (27 MHz), the presented PLL is suitable for applications in low cost fully integrated multi-gigabit 60 GHz CMOS radio transceivers.
Aportaciones de la folletería mexicana a la estadística decimonónica (1821-1910)

Analisis cronologico del material estadistico incluido en los folletos recopilados en la base de datos del Instituto Mora.
Retrospective analysis of the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on disease progression and survival in pancreatic cancer

Background Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in neoplastic processes in multiple organs, including the pancreas. While animal and human data have established a relationship between serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the development of pancreatic cancer, few studies have examined the effects of 25(OH)D on time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) in this patient population. We hypothesize that lower baseline serum concentrations (BSC) of 25(OH)D will be associated with decreased TTP and OS.
Near-infrared diode-pumped white-light emission from erbium-doped calcium fluoride crystal

CaF 2 is a cubic material and Erbium enters the lattice in triply ionized state. Erbium occupies Ca sites in the material. Defects occur in the material because a trivalent dopant ion replaces a divalent host ion. Er 3+ occupies several different sites. Absorption spectrum of Er 3+ -doped CaF 2 revealed absorption peaks at 255, 365, 379, 407, 441, 449, 487, 522, 539, 652 and 798 nm. When the sample was excited with an 800 nm near-infrared laser it revealed emissions at 390, 415, 462, 555, 665 and 790 nm. The absorption and emission peaks are identified with Er 3+ spectral transitions. The sample color appears to be either white or green under near-infrared laser excitation. Emission color was found to be dependent on the pump laser wavelength used and laser power. Excitation spectral recordings were made by tuning the pump laser wavelength. The sample emission appears to be white under near-infrared excitation as well as violet laser excitation. Excited state lifetimes are measured to analyze the data. Our studies indicate that this sample is useful in solid state lighting applications.