cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probing the plasmonic band structure of an optical metamaterial

Knowledge of the plasmonic band structure is crucial for the fundamental understanding and better control of electromagnetic waves in periodic optical metamaterials. Here, we probe the plasmonic band structure of the important fishnet metamaterial by angle- and polarization-resolved optical spectroscopy. We show that multiple ``magnetic'' plasmon bands exist in the fishnet metamaterial, and they display interesting dispersion behavior. We can understand the plasmon bands qualitatively using a band-structure zone-folding picture. Interestingly, some plasmon resonances have wave-vector-dependent coupling, and the corresponding plasmon bands exhibit anticrossing behavior due to hybridization of the plasmonic waves.
Magnetic structure of DyNi2B2C

Abstract Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic structure of DyNi2B2C. The measurements, performed on single crystals of this compound depleted in the neutron absorbing B10 nuclei, show that below approximately 10 K the compound is a simple collinear antiferromagnet. The moments are aligned ferromagnetically in each rare-earth carbon layer perpendicular to the c-axis with the magnetic moments of two consecutive layers aligned in opposite directions. In contrast to the case of both HoNi2B2C and ErNi2B2C no modulation along the a∗ direction was observed in this compound.
Critical Manifestations of Pneumoscrotum.

Introduction: Pneumoscrotum is a critical, physical finding that may indicate significant morbidity and mortality. Accumulation of gas in the scrotum can be primary or secondary. Objective: This paper discusses rapid diagnosis and treatment options. Material and Methods: PubMed searches for pneumoscrotum, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: We review the historical perspective, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options of pneumoscrotum, as well as the presentation of pneumoscrotum in neonates/infants. Conclusion: It is crucial to diagnose the etiology pneumoscrotum and designing a treatment option based off that.
Interest-Rate-Dependent Assets

In this chapter, we develop a simple, binomial model for interest rates and then examine some common assets whose value depends on interest rates. Assets in this class are called fixed income assets.
Effect of malate on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of DL-malate (disodium salt) on the in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of soluble starch or cracked corn. Ruminal fluid was collected from a steer fed 6.8 kg of forage and 2.3 kg of concentrate supplement once daily, and mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated in anaerobic media (40 mL) that contained 20% (vol/vol) ruminal fluid in batch culture for 24 h at 39 degrees C. Malate was added to the incubation bottles (n = 4) to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 12 mM. When mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated with only DL-malate as the substrate, final pH numerically increased, propionate and total VFA concentrations increased (P < .05), and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < .05) as the concentration of DL-malate increased from 0 to 12 mM. Fermentation of cracked corn in the presence of 8 or 12 mM DL-malate resulted in an increase (P < .05) in final pH and propionate concentration. Total VFA tended to increase (P < .21), whereas final concentrations of L-lactate numerically decreased. In the case of soluble starch, 8 and 12 mM DL-malate caused a decrease (P < .05) in methane concentration. When only ruminal fluid (no added anaerobic medium) was used as the inoculum rather than 20% ruminal fluid medium, similar results for final pH, propionate, L-lactate, and total VFA were observed for soluble starch and corn incubations treated with DL-malate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determining the relative orientation between the chemical shift anisotropy and heteronuclear dipolar tensors in static solids by SEDOR NMR

The measurement of the dipolar interaction between two spins provides the distance between nuclei. A better structural picture emerges when the distance is combined with the orientation of the internuclear vector in the principal axis system of the chemical shift anisotropy tensor. The SEDOR experiment is used on a static sample of alanine to show that the orientation of the vector connecting the nitrogen and carboxylate carbon nuclei can be accurately determined in the CSA PAS of the 13C carboxylate spin.
Extending the Concept of Control Beliefs: Integrating the Role of Advice Networks

Although control beliefs (CBs) can represent many different types of controls, information systems researchers have focused primarily on CBs related to technical compatibility, resource availability, and computer self-efficacy. More recent research has recognized that co-worker advice, which represents situated and improvised learning, can also be an important factor that can enable or impede system use. In addition, because advice from co-workers represents the social context by which the impacts of other traditional CBs are embedded, they may have the potential to alter the relationships between traditional CBs and system use. Against this backdrop, we examined the direct effects of CBs about advice from co-workers on system use as well as its ability to moderate the effects of other types of CBs on system use. To accomplish this, we conducted a three-month study of 112 employees in one business unit of an organization. Results supported our hypotheses that CBs about advice from co-workers directly infl...
How “Doing Gender” Leads to Gender Imbalances in the Higher Ranks in Colleges of Business [And How To “Undo Gender”]

Faculty gatekeepers who control promotions to senior academic positions in business schools are tenured associate and full professors, and their numbers are overwhelmingly male. This gender dispari...
Clinically applicable optical imaging technology for body size and shape analysis: comparison of systems differing in design

Recent advances have extended anthropometry beyond flexible tape measurements to automated three-dimensional optical devices that rapidly acquire hundreds of body surface dimensions. Three new devices were recently introduced that share in common inexpensive optical cameras. The design, and thus potential clinical applicability, of these systems differ substantially leading us to critically evaluate their accuracy and precision. 113 adult subjects completed evaluations by the three optical devices (KX-16 (16 stationary cameras), Proscanner (1 vertically oscillating camera), and Styku scanner (1 stationary camera)), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a flexible tape measure. Optical measurements were compared to reference method estimates that included results acquired by flexible tape, DXA and ADP. Optical devices provided respective circumference and regional volume estimates that overall were well-correlated with those obtained from flexible tape measurements (for example, hip circumference: R2, 0.91, 0.90, 0.96 for the KX-16, Proscanner, and Styku scanner, respectively) and DXA (for example, trunk volume: R2, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.98). Total body volumes measured by the optical devices were highly correlated with those from the ADP system (all R2s, 0.99). Coefficient of variations obtained from duplicate measurements (n, 55) were larger in optical than in reference measurements and significant (P<0.05) bias was present for some optical measurements relative to reference method estimates. Overall, the evaluated optical imaging systems differing in design provided body surface measurements that compared favorably with corresponding reference methods. However, our evaluations uncovered system measurement limitations, such as discrepancies in landmarking, that with correction have the potential to improve future developed devices.
Panel Discussion: Should I go to Law School?

This brief piece records the panel discussion, Schould I go to Law School? , from the 2017 Kraemer Copyright Conference.
Achieving Scalability with Schema-Less Databases

Large enterprises continue to struggle with information and critical decision-making data being widely distributed, stored in a number of proprietary and heterogeneous formats, and remaining inaccessible for mining of critical information that spans the collected knowledge of the organization. NETMARK is an easy to use, scalable system for storing, decomposing, and indexing enterprise-wide information developed for NASA enterprise applications. Information is managed in a contextualized form, but one that is schema-less for immediate storage and retrieval without the need for a schema manager or database administrator. NETMARK is accessed via the WebDAV (HTTP) standard protocol for remote document management and a simple HTTP query algebra for immediate retrieval of information in an XML structured format for processing by applications such as Web 2.0 (AJAX) systems.
Law and The Importance of Feelings

Philosophers are paid to think. It is not surprising, therefore, that they see thought everywhere or that they believe that thought is the very model of reality. Some take it so far as to declare that the entire universe aims at the promotion of thought or that the emergence of a collection of ideas sufficiently systematic and broad would signal the maturation or perfection of the world. Such a system of thoughts would not only encompass all of reality, but also displace alternative modes of approach to it. This is certainly what Hegel had in mind when he wrote of how sensation is overcome early in the growth of thought and of the way in which immediacy yields to the mediating work of thought at every turn.
Improving Functional Outcomes in Older Patients: Lessons from an Acute Care for Elders Unit

Article-at-a-Glance Background Hospitalization often marks the beginning, and may be partially responsible for, a downward trajectory characterized by declining function, worsening quality of life, placement in a long term care facility, and death. At the University Hospitals of Cleveland, an Acute Care for Elders (ACE) unit that reengineered the process of caring for older patients (≥ 70 years of age) to improve functional outcomes was established in September 1990. Description of intervention The general principles of ACE included an approach to care guided by the biopsychosocial model and recognition of the importance of fitting the hospital environment to the patient's needs. The design of the intervention was consistent with principles of comprehensive geriatric assessment and continuous quality improvement. Care, which focused on maintaining function, was directed by an interdisciplinary team that considered the patient's needs both at home and in the hospital. The major components of the ACE Unit intervention included patient-centered nursing care (daily assessment of functional needs by nursing, nursing-based protocols to improve outcomes, daily rounds by a multidisciplinary team), a prepared environment, planning for discharge, and medical care review. Results In a randomized trial comparing ACE with usual care, patients receiving ACE had improved functional outcomes at discharge. The costs to the hospital for ACE unit care were less than for usual care. The functional status of ACE and usual care patients was similar 90 days after discharge. Future directions The ACE unit intervention is being expanded to preserve the improvements observed during the hospitalization in the outpatient setting. In addition, needs other than function which are critical to patients' long-term quality of life are being considered.
College students' attitudes, practices, and knowledge of food safety.

A survey instrument was developed to assess attitudes, practices, and knowledge of food safety of college students in three U.S. geographic locations. Eight hundred twenty-four students in both food-related (one-third of sample) and nonfood-related disciplines completed the questionnaire during classroom periods. Data were analyzed to obtain total attitude, practice, and safety scores, with emphasis given to analyzing differences among disciplines and demographic characteristics. Mean scores were given for each of the survey items, and results from open-ended questions were discussed. Dietetic, food science, nutrition, and health majors had significantly (< or = 0.05) higher attitude scores than students majoring in other disciplines. No differences were found among disciplines for the practice scores, which ranged from 74 to 79% of the total possible practice score. Students enrolled in dietetics, arts and science (physical sciences), and veterinary medicine had significantly (< or = 0.05) higher knowledge scores, although the highest mean score (for dietetics) was only 74% of the total possible score. Women who had enrolled in a college course that included food safety information had significantly (< or = 0.05) higher attitude and practice scores. Such course enrollment led to both genders having significantly (< or = 0.05) higher knowledge scores than those without this opportunity. Implications were given for using these data to encourage college professors in food-related disciplines to become involved with the education of all future consumers, especially as the prevalence of food safety controversies is likely to increase as the food supply changes and technology becomes more sophisticated.
EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF BACTERIOLOGICAL PEPTONE IN THE PLATING MEDIUM UPON THE ENUMERATION OF PASTEURIZATION-RESISTANT BACTERIA IN MILK1

Summary Various bacteriological, peptones were studied as to effects on enumeration of pasteurization-resistant bacteria in milk. No appreciable differences were observed in colony counts of unheat...
Early gestational diabetes screening in obese women: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Although in 2013 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended early screening for gestational diabetes in obese women, no studies demonstrate an improvement in perinatal outcomes with this strategy. Objective We sought to determine if early screening for gestational diabetes improves perinatal outcomes in obese women. Study Design Randomized controlled trial comparing early gestational diabetes screening (14-20 weeks) to routine screening (24-28 weeks) in obese women (BMI≥30 kg/m2) at two tertiary care centers in the US. Screening was performed using a 50-g, 1-hr glucose challenge test followed by a 100-g, 3-hr glucose tolerance test if initial screen ≥135 mg/dL. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed using Carpenter-Coustan criteria. Women not diagnosed at 14-20 wks were rescreened at 24-28 wks. Exclusion criteria were pre-existing diabetes, major medical illness, bariatric surgery, and prior cesarean. The primary outcome was a composite of macrosomia (>4000g), primary cesarean, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia (assessed within 48 hours of birth). Results A total of 962 women were randomized, and outcomes were available for 922. Of these 922, 459 (49.8%) to early screen and 463 (50.2%) to routine screen. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. In the early screening group, 69 (15.0%, 95% CI 11.9-18.6%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes: 29 (6.3%, 95% CI 4.3-8.9%) 24 wks. Of those randomized to routine screening, 56 (12.1%, 95% CI 9.3-15.4%) had gestational diabetes. Early screening did not reduce the incidence of the primary outcome (56.9% in early screen vs 50.8% in routine screen, p=0.07, RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.26). Conclusion Early screening for gestational diabetes in obese women did not reduce the composite perinatal outcome.
Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis

Iron deficiency and anaemia after metabolic surgery, potentially modifiable nutritional complications, are becoming an increasing cause for concern as prevalence increases with time and there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of the current guidelines for prophylactic oral iron supplementation and treatment for deficiency. Abnormalities in iron nutrition predisposing to deficiency are common in severely obese patients, and the low-grade systemic inflammation, also common to these patients, reduces the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation. The surgical procedures result in alterations of foregut anatomy and physiology, which limit iron absorptive capacity and daily food intake. These alterations and the limited effects of oral iron supplementation explain the high prevalence of postoperative iron deficiency and anaemia. This review outlines current mechanisms concerning the pathogenesis of disordered iron nutrition in patients with severe obesity, current gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for quality improvement.
Motivating political support with group-based rewards:

To compete in political contests, politicians need their supporters to contribute resources. We investigate how politicians can best allocate group-based prizes on a contingent basis to incentivize...
Bobcat and rabbit habitat use in an urban landscape

Mammals are known to vary in their sensitivity to urbanization. In heavily urbanized southern California, bobcats (Lynx rufus) prey on rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) that forage for lush vegetation in developed areas. We collected data on the density of rabbits in adjacent urban and natural areas using visual line surveys. We also measured habitat use for seven GPS-collared female bobcats to determine if bobcats selected areas with higher rabbit densities. Estimated rabbit densities did not vary between urban, urban edge, and natural areas during wet or dry seasons, reflecting their consistent presence across the landscape. During daytime and crepuscular hours, bobcats used natural coastal sage scrub and grassland habitats more frequently (76–84% of the time) than urban areas. Conversely, at night, bobcats decreased their use of coastal sage scrub and doubled their time in urban areas. In summary, we found that rabbits were present across the landscape, and bobcats are likely selecting urban areas at night to prey on rabbits and avoid people.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA for Early Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study to Differentiate Benign From Malignant CT-Detected Pulmonary Lesions.

Introduction: Indeterminate pulmonary lesions (IPL) detected by CT pose a significant clinical challenge, frequently necessitating long-term surveillance or biopsy for diagnosis. In this pilot investigation, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of plasma cell free (cfDNA) and matched germline DNA in patients with CT-detected pulmonary lesions to determine the feasibility of somatic cfDNA mutations to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. Methods: 33 patients with a CT-detected pulmonary lesions were retrospectively enrolled (n = 16 with a benign nodule, n = 17 with a malignant nodule). Following isolation and amplification of plasma cfDNA and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patient blood samples, WES of cfDNA and PBMC DNA was performed. After genomic alignment and filtering, we looked for lung-cancer associated driver mutations and next identified high-confidence somatic variants in both groups. Results: Somatic cfDNA mutations were observed in both groups, with the cancer group demonstrating more variants than the benign group (1083 ± 476 versus 553 ± 519, p 2 cancer patients and not the benign group, we accurately identified 82% (14/17) of cancer patients. Conclusions: This study suggests a potential role for cfDNA for the early identification of lung cancer in patients with CT-detected pulmonary lesions. Importantly, a substantial number of somatic variants in healthy patients with benign pulmonary nodules were also found. Such "benign" variants, while largely unexplored to date, have widespread relevance to all liquid biopsies if cfDNA is to be used accurately for cancer detection.
Curbside consults: Practices, pitfalls and legal issues.

Abstract Objective “Curbside consults” are informal opinions provided by one physician to another. In radiology, it often refers to opinions rendered on imaging performed at outside facilities and has evolved from being a targeted response to a discrete clinical question to a complete over-read in recent years. Given that the consults are usually sought for patients with complex conditions, the potential for error increases with informal reads, often due to the time constraint and lack of adequate information. Misinterpretations and inaccurate documentation by the referring clinician are also more likely. This study assesses the policies and views on curbside consults at academic centers in the United States. Materials and methods An online survey (via SurveyMonkey.com ) was circulated to the 319 active radiologist members of the Association of Program Directors. There were 80 responses, representing a 25% response rate. Results While most facilities provided second reads (92%), only a few (23%) provided written reports and read the case entirely. The majority (77%) tailored their read to answer specific clinical questions. Approximately two-thirds did not require the outside radiologist's report to be available before their interpretation. Seventy-nine percent were at least mildly concerned about liability. Up to 45% billed for the study; 39% were not aware of the billing practice. Conclusion Curbside consults are widely provided at U.S. academic institutions with only a minority documenting their opinions. The majority are concerned about the legal implications and this paper puts forth recommendations to minimize the potential for errors in patient care and decrease liability.
“I’m More Open to Talking About It”: Women’s Experiences With Sexual Abuse and Reproductive Health:

Approximately one in three women experience sexual abuse, which can result in negative reproductive health consequences. A history of sexual abuse may negatively impact health care seeking and experience. The purposes of this article were to understand how women perceived their sexual abuse experiences and how these experiences integrated into their overall reproductive health, reproductive planning, and health care access. As part of a larger study about women's reproductive health, researchers analyzed 16 in-depth interviews with women aged 18 years and older (range = 18-78) living in South Carolina (May-November 2016). A constant comparative method of data analysis was completed to explore women's sexual abuse experiences as they related to reproductive health and health care experiences. HyperRESEARCH 3.7.3 assisted in data organization and management. Limited bodily agency impacted women's ability to engage in family planning, particularly when partners utilized sexual coercion to maintain desired relationships and attain desired family size, regardless of women's preferences. In addition, limited sexual violence and abuse discussion in health care contexts impacted women's autonomy in reproductive health decision-making despite participants' desire to engage in these discussions with providers. Participants expressed a desire for communication about their sexual abuse experiences; however, results indicated women had to navigate stigma within families and communities, which deterred disclosure and open discussion. Negative health outcomes and desire to discuss these experiences within the health care context highlighted a need for patient-provider communication about sexual abuse history as one aspect of gynecologic care. Findings from this study offer practical recommendations to guide communication about sexual abuse within reproductive health care experiences to empower women in their reproductive health choices. As these experiences may impact overall health and reproductive choices, provider-initiated conversations with adolescents and women may improve care and assist in prevention efforts, including the prevention of negative health outcomes.
Hydrothermal Reactions of Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules: Distinct Effect of Aprotic and Protic Solvents on Primary Decomposition of Glucose and Fructose in Hot-Compressed Solvent/Water Mixtures

The study compares the effects of aprotic (i.e., gamma-valerolactone, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane) and protic (i.e., methanol and ethanol) solvents on the primary decomposition reactions of glucose an...
Teaching Style and Attitudes: A Comparison of Two Collegiate Introductory Statistics Classes

Many students who enroll in introductory statistics courses do not have positive attitudes about the subject. A 2012 wide-ranging study by Schau and Emmioglu showed that student attitudes do not te...
Benchmark Simulation of the Natural Convection Shutdown Heat Removal Test Facility Using SAM

Natural convection systems are a promising method to passively remove heat from reactor cavities during loss of forced flow accident scenarios. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), a highly instru...
What’s Left of the Affordable Care Act? A Progress Report

We assess the progress of the Affordable Care Act a decade after it became law. Although most of it remains intact, some parts have been repealed and others have not been implemented as expected. We review how and why the law has aged. Legal challenges have done less damage than is commonly appreciated, with the exception of the Supreme Court case that thwarted full expansion of Medicaid. Most of the important changes have other sources. Some parts were born to fail. Others were dismantled in response to interest-group pressure. Still others have failed to thrive for any number of reasons. Finally, the sabotage campaign by the Trump administration has had modest effects so far, but could pose a serious threat in the coming years.
Surface adhesion of viruses and bacteria: Defend only and/or vibrationally extinguish also?! A perspective.

Coronaviruses COVID-19, SARS-CoV and NL63 use spikes in their corona to bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) sites on cytoskeletal membranes of host cells to deliver their viral payload. While groups such as disulfides in ACE2’s zinc metallopeptidase, and also in COVID-19’s spikes, facilitate such binding, it is worth exploring how similar complementary sites on materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics, fabrics, and biomaterials promote binding of viruses and bacteria and how they could be further engineered to prevent bioactivity, or to act as agents to collect viral payloads in filters or similar devices. In that vein, this article offers a perspective on novel tools and approaches for chemically and topologically modifying most utilitarian surfaces via defensive topological vibrational engineering to either prevent such adhesion or to enhance adhesion and elicit vibrational characteristics/’musical signatures’ from the surfaces so that the structure of the binding sites of viruses and bacteria is permanently altered and/or their cellular machinery is permanently disabled by targeted chemical transformations.
Copper-Graphene Foams: A New High-Performance Material System for Advanced Package-Integrated Cooling Technologies

Copper-graphene foams are explored as a new class of porous, high-performance materials for advanced thermal management in high power applications. Due to the continuous demand for enhanced performance and miniaturization in power electronics, such as for automotive drive inverters, this trend has led to high-power densification and package designs with increasing thermal densities - unavoidable increases in operating temperatures and consequent drops in device and system level reliability. Furthermore, the emergence of advanced high-frequency wide-bandgap devices and their fast adoption in power electronics is further aggravating this trend, with larger amounts of heat generated in smaller localized areas. Thermal management has become a critical challenge, such that it is often the limiting factor in system performance and reliability. Towards addressing this bottleneck, a number of advanced package-integrated cooling solutions including vapor chambers for heat spreading and micro-cooling chips for near-junction heat removal have been proposed and demonstrated. To further miniaturize these thermal structures and extend their application to higher thermal densities in packages, more performance improvements are necessary, achieved through innovations in materials such as the use of open-cell conductive foams. Copper foams with different cell sizes and compression levels were evaluated and characterized for the impact of different microstructures. They were coated with graphene by chemical vapor deposition, showing significant improvements in thermal properties. Copper-graphene foams can provide a possible route for material-driven innovation and development in packaging with improved properties addressing industry needs.
Developing data-driven surrogate models for holistic performance-based assessment of mid-rise RC frame buildings at early design

Abstract This paper presents a framework to develop generalizable surrogate models to predict seismic vulnerability and environmental impacts of a class of buildings at a particular location. To this end, surrogate models are trained on a performance inventory, here simulation-based seismic and environmental assessments of 720 mid-rise concrete office buildings of variable topology in Charleston, South Carolina. Five surrogate models of multiple regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors were trained in a machine-learning pipeline including hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation. Variance-based sensitivity and accumulated local effect analysis were performed on the most accurate model to identify the most influential parameters and interpret the trained surrogate model. Support vector machines achieved the highest accuracy for total annual loss with an average 10-fold adjusted R2 of 0.96, whereas simpler linear regression was adequate to estimate the initial and seismic-induced embodied carbon emission. Floor area, building height, lateral-resisting frame weight, and average beam section sizes were found to be the most influential features. As these features may be approximated by an experienced structural engineer the results indicate that, with suitable performance inventories available, it should be possible to employ surrogate models in early design to narrow the initial design space to highly resilient and sustainable configurations.
Schizophrenia, the self and psychotherapy: Is there really anything new under the sun?

Introduction This issue of In Session in The Journal of Clinical Psychology offers in depth case studies of psychotherapy for persons with differing types of schizophrenia spectrum disorders across international settings. Method To understand the context and import of this work, this commentary explores commonalities of this work with past work including respect for patients' autonomy, compassion, and attention to the therapeutic relationship. The commentary then discusses themes which harken to the past including framing psychosis as something than can be understood jointly by therapist and patient rather than being unilaterally imposed. Results It is suggested that this work is emblematic of new movements in the literature which focus on the person who is experiencing schizophrenia. Conclusions This focus extends to understanding the purposes, place of the person in the world and their possibilities, which enables them to make sense of what they need and how want to manage their own recovery.
Prohibition of Indoctrination in Education — A Look at the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights

International human rights law (hereinafter “IHRL”) recognizes for parents certain rights relating the education of their children, it also recognizes a right for private parties to establish educational institutions independent from those operated by the State and, to some degree, a right to ‘academic freedom’ for those working on educational institutions. These rights of parents and educators can sometimes enter into conflict with the rights IHRL recognize for children such as their right to education and their right to freedom of thought. Out of the various IHRL enforcement and monitoring bodies, the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “ECtHR”) is the one who most often has found itself on the position to need to balance these different rights against each other. Throughout its case law, the ECtHR seems to have adopted ‘prohibition of indoctrination’ as the guiding principle to sort these conflicts of rights. The present article looks at how the principle of prohibition of indoctrination has been developed through the Case Law of the ECtHR, how it has replaced the traditional conception of parental rights, and what is the meaning and implications of this principle.
Immunologic properties of protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes—III: Role of carbohydrate in the LPS adjuvant effect

Abstract Coupling of the protein antigen lysozyme to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a complex which induces enhanced primary antilysozyme response and enhanced induction of immunological memory. The present experiments were performed to assess the role of the carbohydrate elements of LPS in this adjuvant effect. Periodate oxidized LPS, or LPS derived from an ‘O’ antigen deficient mutant, when used in the preparation of lysozyme-LPS complexes failed to yield complexes which induce enhanced primary antilysozyme responses. Carbohydrate deficiency had no effect on induction of immunological memory. This lack of enhancement of primary responsiveness was not due to any decrease in mitogenicity of the carbohydrate deficient LPS. The primary response adjuvanticity could be restored to complexes containing carbohydrate deficient LPS by secondarily coupling LPS derived carbohydrate elements to these complexes. These results imply that the carbohydrate component of LPS, and the ‘O’ antigen elements in particular, play a central role in enhancement of primary antibody responsiveness to a protein antigen coupled to that LPS.
Altered balance between effector T cells and FOXP3+HELIOS+ regulatory T cells after thymoglobulin induction in kidney transplant recipients

This study examined the effect of thymoglobulin induction therapy on leukocyte population dynamics in kidney transplant patients. Patients receiving standard immunosuppression were compared with those who received additional thymoglobulin at the time of kidney transplantation. Thymoglobulin induction led to an immediate and significant decrease of all T cells and NK cells, but not B cells or monocytes. CD8(+) T cells recovered to near pretransplant level by 4 weeks post-transplant. CD4(+) T cells remained at less than 30% of pretransplant level for the entire study period of 78 weeks. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells showed reduced cytokine production after recovery. Deletion of CD4(+) FOXP3(+) HELIOS(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was less profound than that of CD4(+) FOXP3(-) cells, thus the relative percentage of Tregs elevated significantly when compared with pretransplant levels in thymoglobulin-treated patients. In contrast, the percentages of Tregs and their expression of FOXP3 in the standard immunosuppression group decreased steadily and by 12 weeks after transplant the average percentage of Tregs was 56% of the pretransplant level. Thus, thymoglobulin-induced deletion of T cells led to significant and long-lasting alterations of the T-cell compartment characterized by a preservation of Tregs and long-lasting reduction in CD4(+) , and potentially pathogenic, T cells.
Abstract W P171: Intracranial Blood Flow Changes After Extracranial Carotid Stenting

Objectives: To determine the effects of extracranial carotid stenting on intracranial blood flow. Methods: Records of patients who underwent stenting for extracranial carotid stenosis at our institution between 2004-2012 and had flow rates obtained pre and post stenting using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements of degree of stenosis, stenosis length, and residual lumen were made from cerebral angiography images. Results: 18 patients with complete anatomic and flow data were included. Mean age was 66 years with 61% presenting with symptomatic stenosis. Degree of stenosis ranged from 60% to 90%. Internal carotid artery (ICA) mean flow improved significantly post stenting from 174.9 +/- 83.6 mL/min to 250.7 +/- 91.2 mL/min (P=0.011). Ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow, however, was not significantly altered post stenting (101.8 +/- 47.7 mL/min vs. 111.3 +/- 37.4 mL/min; P=0.15). Multiple regression analysis revealed that improvement in residual l...
Car Auxiliary Control System Using Type-II Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

In this paper, a Type-II fuzzy and neural network system is introduced to car auxiliary control system for inexperienced drivers. The approach applies Type-II fuzzy logic to generate the training data set for the neural network. The Type-II fuzzy logic is launched by the component called the fuzzy controller. With Type-II fuzzy logic and neural network system, the auxiliary system can manipulate more driving conditions so that enables the neural network to predict more reliably. The results of the approach is compared with Type-I fuzzy/neural system and discussed in detail.
Techniques for Measurement and Correction of the SNS Accumulator Ring Optics

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Accumulator Ring will reach peak intensities of 1.5×1014protons/pulse through multi-turn charge-exchange injection. Accumulation of these unprecedented beam intensities must be accomplished while maintaining extremely low losses (less than 1 W/m). It is anticipated that the understanding and control of the ring optics will be important for achieving these low loss rates. We describe our plans for measuring and correcting the optical functions of the accumulator ring lattice.
Relationships Between Continuous Performance Task Scores and Other Cognitive Measures: Causality or Commonality?

Relationships among continuous performance test, IQ, achievement, and memory/learning scores were explored in a clinical sample of 1,280 children (M age = 9.4 years, M grade = 3.9). Intercorrelations among CPT measures were significant, but modest. Correlations between CPT measures and IQ, achievement, and memory/learning scores were also significant, but again generally weak. The CPT number correct scores were more strongly related to other cognitive measures than were commission (i.e., responding to incorrect stimuli) scores. The breadth and extent of associations among the CPT measures and the various cognitive/academic tasks suggest that all, to some extent, require attention and inhibition. The importance of routinely assessing attention and disinhibition in psychological testing is discussed.
The Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Questionnaire on the Quality of Relationships in Hospitals

An instrument developed to measure communication, collegiality, and climate related to the quality of relationships in hospitals is described. Entitled the Questionnaire on the Quality of Relationships in Hospitals (QQRH), the 62 item questionnaire was administerd to 345 employees at two non-profit, general hospitals. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by using coefficient alpha. The validity of the separate scales was evaluated through factor analysis. Finally, the questionnaire differentiated between and among subgroups in the sample that were assumed to have more or less positive attitudes. On the basis of this evidence, the QQRH is recommended to estimate employee attitudes about the quality of relationships in hospitals.
Impacts of energy development on coastal recreation: The case of New Jersey

Abstract This paper presents the methodology and results of a study commissioned by the Division of Coastal Resources of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The objective of the study was to assess the economic and social impacts of potential energy activities on New Jersey's shorefront recreational resources for the purpose of formulating policies concerning the location of energy facilities on the coast. The Coastal Tourism Response Model developed as part of the project is briefly described and suggestions are offered for model application. The paper reviews the literature assessing the impacts of environmental changes on human attitudes and behavior and further discusses energy facilities and tourists in particular. It concludes that energy facilities, if carefully planned, can coexist with tourism activities, and stresses the role of regional differences and local attitudes toward development and preservation as key factors in determining the state policy.
Effect of temperature on cochlear responses during and after exposure to noise.

Anesthetized chinchillas were maintained in the quiet for 24–48 h with virtually no loss of maximum voltage or sensitivity of cochlear microphonics (CM). Changes in body temperature and cochlear temperature from 29° to 39 °C had little effect on normal CM. With presentation of steady octave‐band noise with center frequency of 1 kHz at 90 dB SPL overall, CM decreased and approached an asymptote at a rate dependent on the temperature of the preparation. The rate of reduction was less at low temperatures than at high temperatures. With termination of the noise, an initial rapid recovery of CM preceded a slow recovery toward normal CM values. The slow recovery was inhibited at low temperatures, and could be enhanced by raising the temperature. These studies indicate that noise‐induced reduction of CM may be linked to processes of energy metabolism and/or may involve temperature‐dependent structural changes that do not affect normal cochlear response.Subject Classification: [43]65.66, [43]65.40, [43]65.35.
Mesmerized by mercury

Joel D. Blum considers the two faces of mercury. It has many unique and useful properties in chemistry — yet it comes with a dark and dangerous side.
Structure and Pseudorotation in 1,1-Cyclopentanedicarboxylic Acid and the Cyclopentyl-1-Carboxylic Acid Radical

X-ray and magnetic resonance studies of single crystals of 1,1-cyclopentanedi-carboxylic acid and the cyclopentyl-1-carboxylic acid radical indicate that at room temperature the radical undergoes pseudorotation. The five-membered ring of the molecule is disordered probably also as a result of pseudorotation.
The effects of graphic organizers that signal the structure of a hypertext document on user's navigation strategies and performance

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that graphical organizers aid users of hypertext documents by providing explicit structural cues. Participants answered thirty questions using a hierarchical website of aquatic animals. In Experiment 1, participants given non-navigable maps were more efficient than participants not given maps on questions 1-20, but marginally less efficient on questions 21-30. In Experiment 2, animal pages contained either an organizer that located the current page within the structure of the website (explicit group), or did not (implicit group). The explicit group was faster during the test phase, but not more efficient. Spatial ability and prior knowledge affected performance. These results suggest that maps are initially useful but discourage further learning.
Covalent IR820-PEG-diamine nanoconjugates for theranostic applications in cancer.

Near-infrared dyes can be used as theranostic agents in cancer management, based on their optical imaging and localized hyperthermia capabilities. However, their clinical translatability is limited by issues such as photobleaching, short circulation times, and nonspecific biodistribution. Nanoconjugate formulations of cyanine dyes, such as IR820, may be able to overcome some of these limitations. We covalently conjugated IR820 with 6 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG)-diamine to create a nanoconjugate (IRPDcov) with potential for in vivo applications. The conjugation process resulted in nearly spherical, uniformly distributed nanoparticles of approximately 150 nm diameter and zeta potential −0.4±0.3 mV. The IRPDcov formulation retained the ability to fluoresce and to cause hyperthermia-mediated cell-growth inhibition, with enhanced internalization and significantly enhanced cytotoxic hyperthermia effects in cancer cells compared with free dye. Additionally, IRPDcov demonstrated a significantly longer (P<0.05) plasma half-life, elimination half-life, and area under the curve (AUC) value compared with IR820, indicating larger overall exposure to the theranostic agent in mice. The IRPDcov conjugate had different organ localization than did free IR820, with potential reduced accumulation in the kidneys and significantly lower (P<0.05) accumulation in the lungs. Some potential advantages of IR820-PEG-diamine nanoconjugates may include passive targeting of tumor tissue through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, prolonged circulation times resulting in increased windows for combined diagnosis and therapy, and further opportunities for functionalization, targeting, and customization. The conjugation of PEG-diamine with a near-infrared dye provides a multifunctional delivery vector whose localization can be monitored with noninvasive techniques and that may also serve for guided hyperthermia cancer treatments.
Equilibrium liquid free-surface configurations - Mathematical theory and space experiments

Small changes in container shape or in contact angle can give rise to large shifts of liquid in a microgravity environment. We describe some of our mathematical results that predict such behavior and that form the basis for physical experiments in space. The results include cases of discontinuous dependence on data and symmetry-breaking type of behavior. 23 refs., 9 figs.
Environment Perception in the Presence of Kinesthetic or Tactile Guidance Virtual Fixtures

During multi-lateral collaborative teleoperation, where multiple human or autonomous agents share control of a teleoperation system, it is important to be able to convey individual user intent. One option for conveying the actions and intent of users or autonomous agents is to provide force guidance from one user to another. Under this paradigm, forces would be transmitted from one user to another in order to guide motions and actions. However, the use of force guidance to convey intent can mask environmental force feedback. In this paper we explore the possibility of using tactile feedback, in particular skin deformation feedback, skin deformation feedback to convey collaborative intent while preserving environmental force perception. An experiment was performed to test the ability of participants to use force guidance and skin deformation guidance to follow a path while interacting with a virtual environment. In addition, we tested the ability of participants to discriminate virtual environment stiffness when receiving either force guidance or skin deformation guidance. We found that skin deformation guidance resulted in a reduction of path-following accuracy, but increased the ability to discriminate environment stiffness when compared with force feedback guidance. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems-Human information processing; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces-Haptic I/O