cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocardial fibroelastosis in American Negro children: a distinct entity?

Abstract Of 24 cases of endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), 18 (75 per cent) were in Negro children. Our general and cardiac pediatric admissions average slightly less than 25 per cent Negro, rendering this a statistically significant difference. Further analysis by race revealed that the Negro children had a later onset of symptoms and a higher incidence of iron-deficiency anemia. In addition, there was suggestive evidence of a higher incidence of prematurity. No further racial differences in signs, symptoms, or laboratory findings were noted. These differences suggest to us that EFE or a clinically indistinguishable disease is more common among the Negro children in our geographical area. Reference is made to the similarity and to the differences between our American Negro cases and the cardiomyopathy occuring in African Negro children, as well as to the higher incidence of myocardial and endomyocardial fibrosis in the Negro race, both in Africa and the United States. Recent speculation as to the etiology of EFE and the possible role of heredity, environment, and socioeconomic factors is mentioned.
Analysis of a wedge impression test for measuring the interface toughness between films/coatings and ductile substrates

Abstract The adhesion between thin elastic films/coatings and ductile substrates can be measured using a wedge test, wherein a long sharp edge is impressed through the film into the substrate. The resulting plastic deformation causes delamination between the film and the substrate. The extent of the delamination can be correlated with the crack driving force to determine the toughness of the interface. Results are presented that relate the energy release rate and mode-mixity to the stresses: both residual and those induced by the impression. Numerical and asymptotic results are presented for the strain transferred to the coating. The numerical results verify that the asymptotics provide accurate closed-form solutions when the delaminations exceed about seven contact widths. An example is provided for a thermal barrier coating system.
The psychology of reciprocity in international relations

Reciprocity is an important concept in many disciplines because it helps to explain how selfish individualists may cooperate without a coercive authority, the Hobbesian problem of order (Ellis, 1971). Sociologists, anthropologists, economists, and biologists have studied how reciprocity uses selfish motives to maintain social order and integration. Sociologist Peter Blau (1964, p. 314) builds a theory of social exchange on the principle that "people often do favors for their associates and by doing so they obligate them to return favors." Alvin Gouldner ( 1960, p. 173) points out that reciprocity contributes to social order, because a debtor is morally bound not to harm a creditor, while a creditor will not wish to forgo the opportunity of being repaid. Bronislaw Malinowski ( 1926, p. 26) observed that the social behavior of the Trobriand islanders was "based on a well-assessed give-and-take, always mentally ticked off and in the long run balanced." A coastal village delivered fish to an inland village, because otherwise it would not receive any vegetables after the harvest. Max Gluckman (1955) found that hostile African tribes who herded cattle developed an exchange system so that each could use the other's territory to water its cattle during a dry season. If one tribe attacked another venturing into its territory, it might be deprived of its only source of water in the future. Biologist Robert Trivers ( 1971 and 1983) showed how reciprocal altruism evolved through natural selection. Biologists have observed reciprocal helping among baboons, dolphins, and cleaner-fish. International relations theorists have also turned to reciprocity to explain why states cooperate despite the lack of a coercive central authority (e. g. , see Keohane, 1984 and 1986; Oye, 1986; and Snidal, 1985). Robert Axelrod (1984) stimulated much interest in reciprocity through his suggestive analysis of a computer tournament of repeated prisoner's dilemma (PD) games. He found that tit for tat -a strategy which cooperates on the first move and thereafter
Vector engineering anomalies: impact on fusion protein purification performance.

Abstract Recombinant protein purification using IMAC is often carried out by protein fusion to affinity tags. We have identified several tags useful for protein purification on Zn(II)–IDA columns. These tags were fused to the green fluorescent protein (rGFPuv) using the vector pGFPuv distributed by Clontech Lab (Palo Alto, CA) and analyzed for purification on Zn(II)–IDA. Each fusion protein exhibited elution heterogeneity (elution in two distinct pHs) from Zn(II)–IDA columns This led us to believe that two populations of fluorescent proteins were being expressed: one without the tag coeluting with Escherichia coli proteins at pH 7.5 and one bearing the tag eluting at a pH lower than pH 7.5. Assessment of the constructs revealed the possibility of a ribosomal binding site and start codon between the fusion tag and the rGFPuv sequence which might be used as a secondary translation start site. This hypothesis was confirmed by changing the second ATG (methionine) codon to an ACG (threonine) codon. The protein produced from this new construct eluted in a single fraction from a Zn(II)–IDA column. Thus, vector irregularities (along with other possibilities) should be examined when searching for the cause of elution heterogeneity of a target protein.
Open access: a PLoS for education.

Teaching -- and testing -- students creatively is a challenge, but new public databases and more accessible literature are now helping to develop the critical thinking skills of students.
Outpatient behavioral management of aggressiveness in adolescents: A response cost paradigm

This study focuses on outpatient behavioral management of oppositional-defiant teenagers that engage in aggressive behaviors. Sixteen subjects, 13 male and three female, are followed through an alternating treatment, single case design, ABCD: baseline; cognitive therapy coupled with the REST (Real Economy System for Teens) program for parental outpatient behavioral management; combined cognitive, REST, and response cost; and finally REST with response cost to control aggressive behaviors. The response cost was designed to control aggression. Response cost involved the parents identifying seven reinforcers, objects, and activities that are important to the teen. They are rank ordered, with item one being most important and item seven being least important. An aggressive act means the loss of an item for 1 year, beginning with item seven and progressing upward. This study finds that aggressive behaviors do not decrease with cognitive therapy and the REST program. When the more stringent response cost program is implemented in addition to the cognitive and REST techniques, the acts of aggression do respond to treatment. Thus, it is concluded that adding a stringent parent management response cost program offers a tool therapists can use in treating aggressive, oppositional-defiant teenagers on an outpatient basis without the need for hospitalization. Aggr. Behav. 25:321–330, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental and Numerical Seismic Response of a 65 kW Wind Turbine

A full-scale shake table test is conducted to assess the seismic response characteristics of a 23 m high wind turbine. Details of the experimental setup and the recorded dynamic response are presented. Based on the test results, two calibrated beam-column finite element models are developed and their characteristics compared. The first model consists of a vertical column of elements with a lumped mass at the top that accounts for the nacelle and the rotor. Additional beam-column elements are included in the second model to explicitly represent the geometric configuration of the nacelle and the rotor. For the tested turbine, the experimental and numerical results show that the beam-column models provide useful insights. Using this approach, the effect of first-mode viscous damping on seismic response is studied, with observed experimental values in the range of 0.5–1.0% and widely varying literature counterparts of 0.5–5.0%. Depending on the employed base seismic excitation, damping may have a significant ...
It's About Time: The Lifespan of Information Effects in a Multiweek Campaign

I advance a theoretical and empirical framework that puts time and thus the temporal dynamics of candidate evaluation front and center in order to advance our understanding of the lifespan of information effects while enhancing the external validity of our experimental approaches. With these temporal properties in mind, I designed a “panel experiment” with research conducted over 12 weeks. This represents the first experimental approach to combine control over information exposure with attention to information processing throughout the course of a multiweek campaign. Against the backdrop of partisanship, empirical tests assess the ability of transient exposure to issue and character information to produce effects that endure beyond the moment the information is encountered either via memory-based or on-line processes. Findings reveal a remarkably limited role for enduring information effects and suggest a “rapid displacement” model of information processing where new information quickly displaces the accumulated stockpile of old information.
A focus-of-attention preprocessing scheme for EM-ML PET reconstruction

The expectation-maximization maximum-likelihood (EM-ML) algorithm belongs to a family of algorithms that compute positron emission tomography (PET) reconstructions by iteratively solving a large linear system of equations. The authors describe a preprocessing scheme for automatically focusing the attention, and thus the computational resources, on a subset of the equations and unknowns. Experimental work with a CM-5 parallel computer implementation using a simulated phantom as well as real data obtained from an ECAT 921 PET scanner indicates that quite significant savings can be obtained with respect to both time and space requirements of the EM-ML algorithm without compromising the quality of the reconstructed images.
Transport Infrastructure and the Environment in the Global South: Sustainable Mobility and Urbanism

Abstrak. Integrasi infrastruktur transportasi dan perkembangan kota harus ditingkatkan kepentingannya. Di banyak kota di belahan bumi bagian selatan, investasi pada Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) memberikan kesempatan untuk peningkatan tersebut. Akan tetapi, sampai saat ini, sistem BRT telah gagal dalam menciptakan pembangunan yang kompak dan multi-guna bukan saja karena kurangnya perencanaan strategis kawasan stasiun tetapi juga dampak dari penempatan jalur-jalur dan stasiun pada wilayah perkotaan yang stagnan dan pada median jalan yang sibuk. Sistem BRT selama ini dipertimbangkan dan dirancang sebagai suatu investasi pergerakan dan bukan pembentuk kota. Disebabkan mayoritas pertumbuhan kota di masa depan di seluruh dunia akan berada pada kota-kota menengah yang cocok untuk investasi BRT, kesempatan untuk membuat sistem BRT sebagai investasi pembentuk kota tidak boleh disia-siakan. Pembangunan yang berorientasi transit adalah salah satu dari sejumlah model yang paling menjanjikan untuk mendorong pola pergerakan dan urbanisasi yang lebih berkelanjutan di kota-kota di belahan bumi selatan. Kata kunci. Transportasi publik, bus rapid transit, tata guna lahan, keberlanjutan, pembangunan berorientasi transit Abstract. The integration of transport infrastructure and urban development must be elevated in importance. In many cities of the Global South, recent Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) investments provide an unprecedented opportunity to do just that. To date, however, BRT systems have failed to leverage compact, mixed-use development due not only to little strategic station-area planning but also factors like siting lines and stations in stagnant urban districts and busy roadway medians. BRT systems are being conceived and designed as mobility investments rather than city-shaping ones. Given that the majority of future urban growth worldwide will be in intermediate-size cities well-suited for BRT investments, the opportunities for making these not only mobility investments but city-shaping investments as well should not be squandered. Transit-oriented development is but one of a number of built forms that hold considerable promise toward placing cities of the Global South on more sustainable mobility and urbanization pathways. Keywords. Public Transport, bus rapid transit, land use, sustainability, transit oriented development
A NaI(T1) spectrometer for γ-rays in the GeV range

As part of a program to develop methods for detecting and measuring high energy gamma rays, produced for example by the bombardment of targets with particles in the GeV range, the behavior of a large NaI(Tl) crystal spectrometer is being explored using the facilities of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). In the following paragraphs we indicate the results of our initial sutdies.
New Imaging Modalities

The recent expansion of therapeutic options for prostate cancer raises the need for improved imaging for diagnosis and therapy response assessment of prostate cancer, especially for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Currently available and emerging non-invasive molecular imaging techniques promise to play an important role as applied to risk adapted patient-specific therapy and drug development for prostate cancer care in the future. Positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers beyond 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for prostate cancer include 18F-Sodium Fluoride, 11C-Choline and 18F-Fluorocholine and 11C-Acetate. Other emerging and promising PET radiotracers include a synthetic l-leucine amino acid analog (anti-18F-FACBC), dihydrotestosterone analog (18F-FDHT), and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based PET radiotracers (e.g., 18F-DCFBC, 89Zr-DFO-J591, 68Ga(HBED-CC)). Modern MRI techniques in prostate cancer imaging apply the principles of multiparametric MRI (mMRI) utilizing morphological imaging (T1-weighted and T2-weighted) and functional imaging (diffusion-weighted (DW), dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion, and spectroscopy).
American Gastroenterological Association guidelines are inaccurate in detecting pancreatic cysts with advanced neoplasia: a clinicopathologic study of 225 patients with supporting molecular data

Background and Aims The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) recently reported evidence-based guidelines for the management of asymptomatic neoplastic pancreatic cysts. These guidelines advocate a higher threshold for surgical resection than prior guidelines and imaging surveillance for a considerable number of patients with pancreatic cysts. The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of the AGA guidelines in detecting advanced neoplasia and present an alternative approach to pancreatic cysts. Methods The study population consisted of 225 patients who underwent EUS-guided FNA for pancreatic cysts between January 2014 and May 2015. For each patient, clinical findings, EUS features, cytopathology results, carcinoembryonic antigen analysis, and molecular testing of pancreatic cyst fluid were reviewed. Molecular testing included the assessment of hotspot mutations and deletions for KRAS , GNAS , VHL , TP53 , PIK3CA, and PTEN . Results Diagnostic pathology results were available for 41 patients (18%), with 13 (6%) harboring advanced neoplasia. Among these cases, the AGA guidelines identified advanced neoplasia with 62% sensitivity, 79% specificity, 57% positive predictive value, and 82% negative predictive value. Moreover, the AGA guidelines missed 45% of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia. For cases without confirmatory pathology, 27 of 184 patients (15%) with serous cystadenomas (SCAs) based on EUS findings and/or VHL alterations would continue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance. In comparison, a novel algorithmic pathway using molecular testing of pancreatic cyst fluid detected advanced neoplasias with 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 79% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusions The AGA guidelines were inaccurate in detecting pancreatic cysts with advanced neoplasia. Furthermore, because the AGA guidelines manage all neoplastic cysts similarly, patients with SCAs will continue to undergo unnecessary MRI surveillance. The results of an alternative approach with integrative molecular testing are encouraging but require further validation.
Are hospitality graduates making too many compromises? What they give up may lead to turnover.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to examine if differences between actual experiences of hospitality graduates and the perceived importance they placed on career factors can lead to turnover intent. The researchers surveyed hospitality graduates from the last 10 years about what they find important in selecting a career and what they are experiencing, or have experienced, in their career. Findings indicate as hospitality graduates rate certain factors more important, or experience factors less in their career, the differences become larger and their turnover intentions rise.
The magnetospheric gap and the accumulation of giant planets close to a star

The bunching of giant planets at a distance of several stellar radii may be explained by the disruption of the inner part of a disk by the magnetosphere of a star during the T Tauri stage of evolution. The rotating magnetic field of the star gives rise to a low-density magnetospheric gap where stellar migration is strongly suppressed. We performed full three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the disk-magnetosphere interaction and examined conditions for which the magnetospheric gap is empty, by changing the misalignment angle between the magnetic and rotational axes of the star, ?, and by lowering the adiabatic index ?, which is a mock-up of the effect of heat conductivity and cooling. Our simulations show that for a wide range of plausible conditions, the gap is essentially empty. However, in the case of large misalignment angles ?, part of the funnel stream is located in the equatorial plane, and the gap is not empty. Furthermore, if the adiabatic index is small (? ~ 1.1), and the rotational and magnetic axes are almost aligned, then matter penetrates through the magnetosphere due to 3D instabilities, forming high-density equatorial funnels. For these two limits, there is appreciable matter density in the equatorial plane of the disk so that a planet may migrate into the star.
Controlling the Product Syngas H2:CO Ratio through Pulsed-Bias Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Copper

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a promising method for sustainable, carbon-neutral chemical synthesis as well as the storage of intermittent renewable energy in the form of energy-dense fuels compatible with existing infrastructure. In this work, we investigated a pulsed-bias technique for CO2 reduction on Cu, which led to a major shift in the product selectivity relative to potentiostatic electrolysis conditions. With applied voltage pulses in the millisecond time regime, syngas (CO + H2) became the only product and had a pulse-time-dependent H2:CO molar ratio, ranging from ∼32:1 to 9:16 for pulse times between 10 and 80 ms, respectively, at the same applied working potential. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data suggested that in situ oxidation and reduction of the Cu partially caused the preference for CO formation over other carbon products on polycrystalline Cu. Significant nonfaradaic current arising from electrical double layer charging and discharging was...
Where does computational modeling of climate-induced migration stand and what challenges still need to be overcome

Climate change has the potential to displace large populations in many parts of the developed and developing world. Understanding why, how, and when migrants decide to move is critical to successful planning within national and international organizations. Computational modeling techniques are one way to explore planning options and investigate consequences in simulated digital environments. While modeling is a powerful tool, it presents both opportunities and challenges both for model consumers, and the teams who create them. This poster seeks to lay a foundation for both groups. It does so by providing an overview of pertinent climate-induced migration research, describing different types of models, how to select the most relevant one(s) for your problem, highlighting three different perspectives on how to obtain data to use in said model(s). Finally two attempted projects will illustrate the challenges of this work and how they can be overcome.
Current Data on Risk Factor Estimates Does Not Explain the Difference in Rates of Melanoma between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites

United States Hispanics have seven times lower melanoma incidence rates than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). It is unclear whether this difference can be explained solely by phenotypic risk factors, like darker skin, or whether modifiable risk factors, like sun exposure, also play a role. The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is currently known about melanoma risk factors among Hispanics and NHWs, and whether or not those differences could explain the difference in melanoma incidence. Through literature review, relative risks and prevalence of melanoma risk factors in Hispanics and NHWs were identified and used to calculate the expected rate in Hispanics and rate ratio compared to NHWs. We found that melanoma risk factors either have similar frequency in Hispanics and NHWs (e.g., many large nevi) or are less frequent in Hispanics but do not explain a high proportion of disease variation (e.g., red hair). Considering current knowledge of risk factor prevalence, we found that melanoma incidence rates in the two groups should actually be similar. Sun exposure behavior among Hispanics may contribute to the explanation for the 7-fold difference in melanoma rates. Currently, limited data exist on sun exposure behavior among Hispanics, but possibilities for improving primary prevention by further studying these practices are substantial.
Comparison of the Rate of Multiplication of Bacteria in Raw Milk with the Rate in Pasteurized Milk

The object of the experimentation reported here was simply to compare the rate of increase of bacteria in raw milk with that in pasteurized milk. It is realized that only an investigation of wide scope could give any satisfactory information concerning the cause of certain divergencies in the rates of increase. It is possible, however, to gain some idea of the nature and the persistency of the variations from a series of comparative counts. Aseptically drawn milk was obtained and 200-c.c. portions were measured out. One portion was pasteurized and the other was not. After pasteurization the treatment of the two samples was the same, the object being to eliminate every factor which might cause variation.
Proteolysis of parathyroid hormone in vitro by sera from acute pancreatitis patients.

AbstractThe degradation of 125I-labeled parathyroid hormone in vitro has been investigated in order to test the hypothesis that proteolytic degradation of PTH may be related to the hypocalcemia associated with acute pancreatitis. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique has been employed to separate bovine PTH (1-84) from lower molecular weight peptides produced by proteolytic cleavage. It has been demonstrated that trypsin bound to the plasma protease inhibitor α2-macroglobulin rapidly degrades PTH and destroys its biological activity in vitro in a kidney cortex adenyl cyclase assay system. Substantial PTH degrading activity was also detected in serum samples obtained from nine patients with severe acute pancreatitis. In contrast, significant PTH degradation could not be detected in normal serum or plasma. Furthermore, no degradation was observed with sera from two patients with mild pancreatitis due to biliary tract stones or four patients with hyperamylasemia but no evidence of pancreatic disease...
Potential use of protease inhibitors for host plant resistance: a test case

The effect of consuming low doses of E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, on life history parameters of Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, the Mexican bean beetle, was evaluated in bioassays in which E-64 was applied to lima bean leaves. Mortality, larval growth rates, and adult reproductive patterns were monitored and used to estimate life history parameters. Ingestion of this low dosage of E-64 increased the time to first oviposition, inter-egg mass interval, and number of days to complete larval development. E-64-fed females mated to E-64-fed males produced fewer eggs. There was no statistically significant difference between E-64-fed and control insects for either adult mortality, larval mortality, pupal weight or egg hatch (from E-64-fed females).On a per-day basis, insects fed E-64-treated leaves consumed similar amounts of leaf tissue to the control insects but, because of their longer larval development time, they required more leaf tissue to complete their larval development. The observed differences in life history parameters would potentially translate into large differences in population growth. The value of protease inhibitors for resistance against multivoltine specialist insects is discussed.
Preliminary Shallow Seismic Reflection Survey of Crowley’s Ridge, Northeast Arkansas

Five high resolution seismic reflection lines (24 channel Mini-Sosie data with 1 s record length) were acquired across the margins of Crowley’s Ridge in northeast Arkansas during the summer of 1990 to test the hypothesis that Crowley’s Ridge is fault bounded. Three of the lines traversed the margins of the northern segment of the ridge near Jonesboro, Arkansas, and the other two were located south of Jonesboro across the margins of the southern segment. All five lines revealed subsurface faulting of the Paleozoic through Eocene (Wilcox) sections beneath the ridge margins. The data did not resolve the uppermost 0.1 s of two way travel time so it is not possible to determine if the Pliocene and younger sediments have been faulted. Thus, we can not determine if the ridge truly owes its topographic relief to fault displacement or if Tertiary faulting controlled subsequent Quaternary river incision. At one site, however, it does appear that the ridge margin is a fault scarp because the ridge height is the same as the structural relief on the ridge-bounding fault and fault displacement can be traced into the shallowest reflectors (0.15 s).
Socio-psychological characteristics and suicidal behavior of suicide attempters who ingested pesticides

Objective To find out the socio-psychological characteristics and suicidal behavior of suicide attempters who ingested pesticides and provide some evidences for suicide prevention.Methods Six counties from disease surveillance points of Shandong province,China were selected,and the data of 409 attempted suicides happening from October 1,2009 to March 31,2011 were obtained.All subjects were divided into two groups: 344 individuals who ingested pesticides,and 65 who used other methods.Questionnaires of socio-psychological characteristics and Beck suicide intent scale(SIS) were used to obtain information from subjects.Results The average age of all the subjects was(43.9±13.3) years old,and 67.7% of them were female.344(84.1%) suicide attempters ingested pesticides,while 65(15.9%) used other methods.The percent of females(65.7%) and the scores of trait anxiety inventory,center for epidemiologic studies depression scale,and Beck hopelessness scale were lower in the suicide attempters who ingested pesticides than those who used other methods.The suicide attempters who ingested pesticides had significantly lower isolation(39.0%) at the time of committing suicide.There was no significant difference in total score of suicide intent between the two groups(4.40±2.66 vs 4.97±2.57,t=1.58,P=0.120).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that suicide attempters who ingested pesticides were more likely to be married and had less mental disorders and physical illnesses(P0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in socio-psychological characteristics between suicide attempters who ingested pesticides and those using other methods.Suicide prevention should focus on regulating the pesticides management and strengthening education.
Cancers of the Respiratory System

This chapter reviews the anatomy of the respiratory system. In addition, students are questioned regarding the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancers of the respiratory system. Specific questions regarding the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of these cancers are included.
Centrality, rapidity and pT dependence of isolated prompt photon production in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Abstract The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured prompt photon production in s NN = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collisions using data collected in 2011 with an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb − 1 . The measurement is performed with a hermetic, longitudinally segmented calorimeter, which gives excellent spatial and energy resolution, and detailed information about the shower shape of each measured photon. Using a selection based on shower shapes and an isolation criterion gives measured purities between approximately 50–90%, depending on p T , η and centrality. Photon yields, scaled by the mean nuclear thickness function, are determined as a function of collision centrality, pseudorapidity (in two intervals | η | 1.37 and 1.52 | η | 2.37 ) and transverse momentum ( 22 p T 280 GeV ). The scaled yields are shown compared to expectations from JETPHOX (perturbative QCD calculations at next to leading order), as are the ratios of the forward yields to those near mid-rapidity (for 22 p T 140 GeV ). The observed photon yields agree well with the predictions for proton–proton within statistical and systematic uncertainties, but are unable to distinguish between these calculations and others including isospin and nuclear PDF effects.
A Consideration of Related Contributions in the Fields of Housing and Consumption

In this chapter, there is a review of literature in various fields of the ripple effect. As a key theme is the role of cycles and co-movement of economic indicators across space, additional literature is drawn from discussions of regional economic integration across Europe. The notion being that methods used at that level could be applied to the regional. Different models of interaction are considered in Chap. 3, in particular, Limtanakool et al.’s overarching framework of nodal interdependence. One can place balanced and imbalanced models within this. As such, monocentric and polycentric urban perspectives can be captured.
Acute Effect of Hookah Smoking on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflections in Adults Aged 18 to 34 Years of Age

Hookah (waterpipe) smoking is rapidly increasing in popularity worldwide. Despite being heavily advertised in the media as a healthier alternative to cigarettes, the toxicology of hookah smoke suggest otherwise. Cigarette smoking unequivocally causes an acute increase in arterial stiffness, but whether hookah does the same is unknown. In 48 young healthy habitual hookah but not cigarette smokers, we measured heart rate, peripheral and central blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (measure of arterial stiffness), aortic augmentation index (measure of wave reflection), plasma nicotine, and exhaled carbon monoxide before and after ad lib hookah smoking. Hookah smoking increased heart rate by +16 ± 1 beats/min and mean brachial arterial pressure by +6 ± 1 mm Hg (both p −1 and +8.76 ± 3.99%, respectively (p
Project Manager Leadership Behaviors and Frequency of Use by Female Project Managers

The purpose of this study was to determine the most important leadership and managerial behaviors for project managers as perceived by female project managers and to ascertain the frequency with wh...
Implementation of Hospital Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in a Rural State: Feasibility and Financial Impact

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the costs of implementing computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems in hospitals in a rural state and to evaluate the financial implications of statewide CPOE implementation. Methods A simulation model was constructed using estimates of initial and ongoing CPOE costs mapped onto all general hospitals in Iowa by bed quantity and current clinical information system (CIS) status. CPOE cost estimates were obtained from a leading CPOE vendor. Current CIS status was determined through mail survey of Iowa hospitals. Patient care revenue and operating cost data published by the Iowa Hospital Association were used to simulate the financial impact of CPOE adoption on hospitals. Results CPOE implementation would dramatically increase operating costs for rural and critical access hospitals in the absence of substantial costs savings associated with improved efficiency or improved patient safety. For urban and rural referral hospitals, the cost impact is less dramatic but still substantial. However, relatively modest benefits in the form of patient care cost savings or revenue enhancement would be sufficient to offset CPOE costs for these larger hospitals. Conclusion Implementation of CPOE in rural or critical access hospitals may depend on net increase in operating costs. Adoption of CPOE may be financially infeasible for these small hospitals in the absence of increases in hospital payments or ongoing subsidies from third parties.
Characteristics of Reconstructed Point Response in three-Dimensional Spatially Variant Detector Response Compensation in SPECT

We investigated the characteristics of the reconstructed point response in SPECT images obtained with and without compensation of the spatially variant collimator-detector response in 3D. The 3D compensation was achieved by modeling the 3D collimatordetector response function in the projector/backprojector pair of a WLS-CG iterative reconstruction algorithm. Using two 3D numerical phantoms, we studied the effects of collimation and data sampling. Total resolution recovery can be achieved when the reconstruction voxel size is small compared with that of the object. Recovery for smaller objects is limited by the spatial resolution of the collimator and the voxel size used in image reconstruction and requires more number of iterations than larger objects. The reconstructed 3D point response is asymmetric with the best resolution in the longitudinal direction and worst in the radial direction.
Drivers of On-Time Delivery for Build-to-Stock Items: An Empirical Analysis of Time Series Data on Fill Rate Performance

Many firms today compete on their ability to deliver customer orders quickly and reliably. While researchers have proposed numerous factors believed to affect delivery performance, little empirical research has examined such factors using longitudinal data from real world manufacturing operations. This paper examines a list of structural, demand, and supply factors believed to impact delivery using monthly data on product assembly from a major manufacturer. We estimate econometric models that capture the impacts of these factors upon product line item fill rates. The findings provide support for several hypothesized drivers of delivery performance. Managers may benefit from the empirical approach and research findings, which identify salient variables that managers can monitor and adjust to ensure desired delivery outcomes.
Increased connectivity following intensive reading and language treatment for mild, chronic aphasia

Background: Resting state MRI (rsfMRI) is a method of functional brain imaging that can be used to evaluate regional functional connectivity (FC) when a participant is at rest, not responding to ta...
Abstract 992: Pancreatic tuft cells resolve injury and restrain tumorigenesis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and is predicted to be 2nd by the year 2020. The overall 5-year survival rate is Citation Format: Kathleen E. DelGiorno, Chi-Yeh Chung, Maya Ridinger, Wahida Ali, Crystal Tsui, Cynthia Ramos, Makoto Ohmoto, LinJing Fang, Uri Manor, Ichiro Matsumoto, Geoffrey M. Wahl. Pancreatic tuft cells resolve injury and restrain tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 992.
Exploring the role of worker income and workplace characteristics on the journey to work

AbstractTraditional trip distribution processes that rely heavily on gravity models fail to capture how the characteristics of individuals or the heterogeneity in the attributes of attraction zones...
Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Burkitt's Lymphoma

Burkitt's lymphoma is a rarely encountered, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that is highly curable in children and young adults. In middle-aged and older adults, however, administering curative therapy may be challenging because standard Burkitt's lymphoma platforms are associated with high treatment-related toxicity in these age groups. Because of its high curability, the testing of alternative, less toxic approaches in Burkitt's lymphoma has been challenging. Although the critical role of MYC in Burkitt's lymphoma has been well described, recent biologic insights have identified several new mutations that cooperate with MYC in driving lymphomagenesis, paving the way for novel drug testing in this disease. Recently, intermediate-intensity approaches have been tested in Burkitt's lymphoma. Early multicenter results demonstrate good tolerability while maintaining high cure rates in all patient and age groups.
Understanding the role of carbon in alkaline oxygen electrocatalysis: A case study on La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ/Vulcan carbon composite electrocatalyst

Abstract In this work, the role of carbon in alkaline oxygen electrocatalysis was investigated using an oxygen-deficient, perovskite-structured oxide catalyst, L a 0.6 S r 0.4 C o O 3 − δ (LSCO), mixed in different mass ratios with Vulcan carbon (XC-72R, referred to as XC-72) to observe the effect of the LSCO-to-XC-72 ratio (LSCO/XC-72) on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. Six different LSCO/XC-72 mass ratios were designed for the study as follows: 1:0 (pure LSCO), 10:1, 7:1, 5:1, 2:1 and 1:1. A thin-film oxygen electrode consisting of the LSCO/XC-72 catalysts was characterized in 0.1 M KOH solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV), rotating disk electrode (RDE) based linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A physics-based, generalized electrochemical model was used to establish the charge-transfer mechanism and to obtain the electrode kinetic transfer coefficients and exchange current densities for the electrochemical reactions considered. The results show that the oxygen electrocatalysis process depends quite heavily on the carbon content in the catalyst, and there appears to be a synergistic effect between the perovskite-oxide and the XC-72, with a transition from the two-step, 2e− pathway to the direct 4e− transfer pathway as carbon content increases.
Too Tight to Move? How Cultural Norms and Stereotypes Regulate Imprinting in Hybrid Social Venturing

Can culture regulate entrepreneurial imprinting in new ventures? By applying imprinting and regulatory focus theoretical arguments in a cultural tightness versus looseness (CTL) framework, we exami...
Systematic tests for study of tire tractive performance on soft soil: Part II – Parameterization of terramechanics model and tire model

Abstract The parameterization of terramechanics model for the tire off-road traction dynamics modeling relies exclusively on the plate-sinkage test and shear test (not using a tire as the shear tool), according to the existing literature. However, the plate-soil interaction cannot be considered the same as the tire-soil interaction (Plackett, 1985). Part II of this paper investigates whether the tire-soil test can be used to parameterize terramechanics model. The parameterization of the modified Bekker’s model, the Magic Formula tire model, and a bulk density estimation model, using the data from the series of tire and soil tests presented in Part I of this paper (He et al., 2019), is discussed in detail herein. The parameterization approach presented herein can be used to develop tire off-road dynamics models.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Distinct Clinical Entities with Overlapping Pathophysiology

The clinical and radiologic manifestations of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome are reviewed. The relationship between these entities is discussed. A hypothesis of a common underlying pathophysiology is proposed and substantiated based on the current medical literature.
Mental Illness in Rural Iowa: An Exploration of Challenges and Essential Elements

Date Presented 04/05/19 A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather the accounts of mental-health consumers with mental illness and community stakeholders in a rural midwestern town in the US. Participants gave personal accounts concerning availability of mental-health services, unmet needs, and recovery. Findings contribute to research concerning rural community treatment programming and exploration and support for how OT has a role on Assertive Community Treatment teams. Primary Author and Speaker: Lauren Lain
Do low-tech active-learning exercises influence biomechanics student's epistemology of learning?

Some students have negative perceptions of group work common in several active learning (AL) pedagogies. This study documented the potential change in student beliefs (epistemology) of learning bio...
Perlecan Knockdown Significantly Alters Extracellular Matrix Composition and Organization During Cartilage Development.

Functional repair of diseased or injured tissues remains a significant challenge for regenerative medicine. Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition during tissue assembly (e.g., development) is dramatically different from that of the homeostatic adult and may aid the design of engineered therapeutics that will promote regrowth and functionality of damaged tissues. Implementing a top-down approach, we evaluated perlecan (HSPG2), a pericellular ECM protein critical for proper cartilage development. When HSPG2 is knocked down, the non-lethal phenotype mimics the musculoskeletal defects observed in human Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. We previously demonstrated that HSPG2 knockdown significantly decreased the stiffness of the interstitial matrix and chondrocytes in developing cartilage (Xu et al., 2016b). However, it is not clear what changes occur in ECM structure and organization to cause the observed decrease in stiffness when HSPG2 is knocked down. Therefore, we performed proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry to test the hypothesis that ECM components that contribute to the developing structural integrity of cartilage will be in lower abundance in Hspg2C1532Y-Neo mutants (Neo/Neo) than in wildtype littermates (+/+). Relative increases in the abundance of ECM and associated proteins highlighted the expected developmental changes in ECM composition between embryonic day (E)16.5 and postnatal day (P)3 timepoints. The relative abundance of multiple proteins was significantly higher in Neo/Neo vs. +/+ P3 mice, contrasting our original hypothesis. Further investigation confirmed that the total collagen content increased with HSPG2 knockdown. However, similar collagen fibril diameter and ECM volume fractions between P3 Neo/Neo and +/+ littermates suggested HSPG2 knockdown did not affect matrix protein organization and assembly. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) abundance showed no difference between groups, but safranin O staining indicated atypical GAG deposition. This, and increased hyaluronic acid binding protein expression, suggested increased hyaluronic acid deposition leads to decreased mechanical stiffness in Neo/Neo cartilage. Chondrocytes in perlecan-deficient cartilage may upregulate the synthesis of key ECM to compensate for decreased matrix stiffness; however, without HSPG2, GAGs accumulate and the matrix assembles into a structure with less mechanical integrity. Overall, the study of perlecan-deficient mice will provide insight into the influence of HSPG2 on chondrogenesis, matrix secretion, and functional cartilage assembly to enhance our design of engineering scaffolds that mimic cartilage to promote restoration of tissue function.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 promotes metastasis via enhancing EGFR transcription and modulating AKT1 activation by methylation

Abstract Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates a wide range of physiological processes, including cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, by generating symmetric di-methyl-arginine marks on histones and non-histone proteins. Here, we report that PRMT5 directly regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transcription to control EGF stimulated EGFR signaling. Furthermore, PRMT5 modulates protein kinase B (AKT) activation by methylation of AKT1 Arg 15, which is required for its subsequent phosphorylation at AKT1 Thr 308 and Ser 473. The PRMT5/EGFR/AKT axis converges to regulate transcription factors ZEB1, SNAIL, and TWIST1 to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the manner that EGFR and AKT1 compensate each other to support tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Inhibiting PRMT5 methyltransferase activity with a small molecule inhibitor attenuated primary tumor growth and prevented hepatic metastasis in aggressive in vivo tumor models. Collectively, our results support the use of PRMT5 based therapies for metastatic cancer.
Transit environments for physical activity: Relationship between micro-scale built environment features surrounding light rail stations and ridership in Houston, Texas.

Abstract Introduction Health professionals promote transport-related physical activity because travelers oftentimes walk or bike to and from transit stops or stations. Although previous studies have examined the associations between macro-scale built environment features surrounding light rail transit (LRT) stations (e.g., density) and LRT ridership, this study examined the associations between numerous micro-scale features (e.g., street-level noise pollution) and ridership. Methods This analysis originated from the Houston Travel-Related Activity in Neighborhoods (TRAIN) Study, a project evaluating how an LRT extension impacted adult physical activity in Houston, Texas. In 2014, researchers used the Analytic Audit Tool to quantify 58 micro-scale built environment features within six categories: Land Use Environment, Transportation Environment, Facilities, Aesthetics, Signage, and Social Environment. Feature data were obtained from 590 street segments within 0.25 miles of 22 LRT stations. For each station, separate composite indices were created per category by averaging the computed feature scores (1–7) within each category, with higher scores signifying more physical activity-promoting features. Station-level LRT ridership data were obtained from monthly ridership reports for the 12 months following station opening. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the associations of the six built environment categories with ridership, adjusting for season, weekday vs. weekend day, and station as a random intercept. Results Holding all other variables constant, every one-unit increase in composite index scores for Transportation Environment and Social Environment was associated with an increase in daily ridership by 425 and 488 riders, respectively (p 0.05). Conclusions Enhancements to the Transportation Environment and Social Environment may slightly increase overall LRT ridership, and consequently, utilitarian physical activity.