cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The clinical nursing of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)

Objective To investigate the clinical nursing of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) .Methods During 2005 to 2008, there were 23 cases of HSCT in our hospital.All the cases were treated by hyperdration, forceful diuresis, urine alkalinization, adding mesna and combined the child care characteristics to prevent HC.And they were given supportive therapy, bladder irrigation, Estrogen and so on to treat HC..Results Only 6 cases had HC (26.0% ) .Among them, there 2 cases of grade Ⅰ , 2 cases of grade Ⅱ , 1 case of grade Ⅲ and 1 case of grade Ⅳ.Except 1 case died of graft-versus-host disease, all of the other cases were cured.Conclusions Hyperdration, forceful diuresis, urine alkalinization, adding mesna, bladder irrigation and Estrogen are the effective methods to prevent and treat HC.In additional, children psychological nursing and family education are very important in the clinical nursing. Key words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Hemorrhhagic cystitis; Clinical nursing
System for High-Intensity Evaluation During Radiation Therapy (SHIELD-RT): A Prospective Randomized Study of Machine Learning-Directed Clinical Evaluations During Radiation and Chemoradiation.

PURPOSEPatients undergoing outpatient radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT) frequently require acute care (emergency department evaluation or hospitalization). Machine learning (ML) may guide i...
Endemic Water and Storm Trash to energy via in-situ processing

Abstract Significant capital is spent removing and disposing of biomass detritus produced by natural disasters and invasive species infestations. This presents an opportunity to turn the cleanup of these endemic wastes into cost-effective, sustainable bioenergy. Using hurricane debris and invasive water hyacinth as case studies, the results of the presented analysis show that carefully designed, relocatable biofuel facilities that produce energy from biowaste can be cost-competitive and carbon-negative compared to status quo baselines. Techno-economic and carbon accounting analyses show that bioenergy can be economical and sustainable over a range of debris scenarios and facility parameters. Transportation modeling shows that by integrating collection, volume reduction, and transportation, delivered feedstock costs can be reduced by 30–87% compared to status quo costs. For the case of hurricane debris, electricity from biomass boilers and pyrolysis generators with 70% capital utilization are competitive with diesel generators at 4 MW and 1.5 MW scales, respectively. For water hyacinth, anaerobic digestion paired with a harvester that gathers, crushes, and bags plants directly on the water could produce useful heat for a net profit of $9/GJ while offsetting 3 tons CO2e per GJ. Ultimately, the present work shows that careful design and evaluation of bioenergy systems could enable an endemic Water and Storm Trash to Energy Via In situ Processing (WASTE VIP) system that reduces cleanup costs, increases energy security, and converts costly biomass waste into cleaner, cheaper energy.
Ethics of Big Data: Privacy, Security and Trust

In the next two decades, different trends in technology are expected to disrupt the industry while competitors are expected to implement the latest technological models so that they can increase their market share. Big Data has become an increasingly important matter considering the rate at which data sets are growing in contemporary technological use. Despite the rising growth in technology, data security, privacy and risk management have become much more difficult in the era of intelligent connectivity. In this paper the importance of the critical aspects of the security, privacy and trust are addressed at entry points, customer demand, landscape and attack surface. An overview of Big Data, technologies and proposed security solution steps are presented.
Conclusion: Progressive Directions

Many cultural and economic forces stand against a collective sense of popular health, partly due to the episodic piecemeal reimbursement for medical practitioners but more to focusing on high-margin activities, e.g., elective procedures and surgeries. Biomedicine’s grip remains doctor-centered, symptomatic- and disease-focused, episodic, and hospital-based with its technology fetish. Preventive medicine never took hold, and health promotion for populations never was developed. Marketplace medicine has achieved such a strong ideological grip on our national consciousness, especially within the ranks of the health professions. Vested interests have been very persuasive in their propaganda against systems in other nations. Public policy has never truly addressed the issue of what should be the nature of the relationship between health services within a profit-based economy: What is the proper role for profit-oriented firms in the supply, provider functions, and insurance segment? How should their roles be assessed and at what costs and control are they permitted? What safeguards should be instituted to preserve a more appropriate and popularly desired balance? What is the necessary regulatory oversight for maintaining accountability? More importantly, is the structure and control over what we have now the best and the only way to organize healthcare services for the benefit of the American people and for their health promotion and well-being in the whole population? Do we want a system designed and run by those with huge financial interests in the system?
Case 67: What Is Going On? Was Geht Ab?

A 30-year-old Indian man (70 Kg, 5′11′, ASA 1 E) is admitted to your hospital, in the northern part of the island Sri Lanka, as an emergency at 8 p.m. You see the patient in the operating room. He is scheduled for an excision of an infected sinus in his left lower tibia. He has not eaten for 8 h and his vital signs are within normal limits. He refuses a regional block and requests a general anesthetic. A previous general anesthetic for an orthopedic procedure on his left tibia was uneventful.
Post-Script: The Failed Promise of Neoliberalism: Uncertainty 2020 and Beyond

Much has changed since the case study was conducted which informed the project. With the world facing the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education and student affairs have been challenged to meet the needs of students while protecting the health and safety of an entire campus. In addition, the social unrest and violence in response to racial disparities in the U.S. have shifted the ways higher education leaders navigated institutional vitality and longevity. The post-script will outline how the uncertainties of 2020 highlight the limitations of narrowed measures of success while exacerbating long-standing issues of equity in higher education.
Anaphylaxis:: After the Emergency Department

After treating the acute anaphylactic reaction, the clinician's next task is to prevent a recurrence. The patient should be observed in the ED. How long this observation period should last depends on their clinical course, risk factors, and social support. All patients should be discharged with a prescription for 2 epinephrine autoinjectors and counseled on appropriate use. The patient should also receive education on the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and avoiding triggers. The patient should follow-up with an allergy specialist who can confirm triggers and provide immunotherapy as indicated.
Applications of Hopf Algebras

In this chapter we present three diverse applications of Hopf algebras. Our first application involves almost cocommutative bialgebras and quasitriangular bialgebras. We show that a quastitriangular bialgebra determines a solution to the Quantum Yang–Baxter Equation, and we give details on how to compute quastitriangular structures for certain two-dimensional bialgebras and Hopf algebras. We show that almost cocommutative Hopf algebras generalize Hopf algebras in which the coinverse has order 2. We then define the braid group on three strands (or more simply, the braid group) and show that a quasitriangular structure determines a representation of the braid group.
Magnetic anomaly sensing system for mine countermeasures using high mobility autonomous sensing platforms

Presents field test results from a new vector magnetometer-tensor gradiometer sensor system that is being developed, with support, localization and classification (DLC) of ferrous mines in surf zone/very shallow water environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the gradient contraction approach will provide autonomous sensing platforms with robust, three-dimensional mine detection and localization capabilities at ranges of several metres and at all angles of approach to mine-like magnetic targets. The sensor system's gradient contraction based target localization approach is particularly appropriate for DLC of magnetic targets from high mobility autonomous sensing platforms such as underwater bottom vehicles (or Navy divers) that frequently undergo large changes in velocity and orientation as they search for underwater and buried mines.
Ethernet: The Definitive Guide

Ethernet is a core networking technology used by every high tech business. While the basic protocols have changed little, new options such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet have increased the complexity of the topic. Ethernet has been the flavor of choice for networking administrators since the early 1980s because of its ease of use and scalability. Written by one of the foremost experts on Ethernet standards and configuration, Charles E. Spurgeon, Ethernet: The Definitive Guide includes everything you need to know to set up and maintain an Ethernet network. Ethernet: The Definitive Guide teaches you everything you need to know about the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard and its protocols. The book is logically separated into five parts: Introduction to Ethernet provides a tour of basic Ethernet theory and operation, including a description of Ethernet frames, operation of the Media Access Control (MAC) protocol, full-duplex mode and auto-negotiation.Ethernet Media Systems is the heart of the book. This sectionof Ethernet: The Definitive Guide shows you how to build media-specific Ethernet networks, from a basic 10BASE-T Ethernet offering 10 Mbps over twisted-pair cables, to an advanced 1000BASE-X Gigabit Ethernet, providing up to 1 Gbps of data transfer over fiber optic cables.Building Your Ethernet System teaches you how to build twisted-pair and fiber optic media segments, as well as how to build your Ethernet using repeaters and hubs.Performance and Troubleshooting is divided into two chapters. The first describes both the performance of a given Ethernet channel, as well as the performance of the entire network system. The second includes a tutorial on troubleshooting techniques and describes the kinds of problems network administrators are likely to encounter. The last part of the book includes a complete glossary of terms used throughout the book, a resource list, descriptions of thick and thin coax-based Ethernet systems, a guide to AUI equipment installation and configuration, and a listing of troubleshooting numbers. This book is the definitive guide for anyone wanting to build a scalable local area network (LAN) using Ethernet.
Cold-sensitive Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Cold-sensitive mutants of the eucaryote Neurospora crassa have been isolated by a modification of the filtration-enrichment technique of Catcheside. The mutants include osmotic remedial, auxotrophic, transport, and incorporation deficient isolates.
Patients With Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis Have Quantifiable Characteristic Expectations That Can Be Measured With a Survey

Although patient expectations associated with major orthopaedic conditions have shown clinically relevant and variable effects on outcomes, expectations associated with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis have not been identified, described, or analyzed before, to our knowledge. We asked: (1) Do patients with thumb CMC arthritis express characteristic expectations that are quantifiable and have measurable frequency? (2) Can a survey on expectations developed from patient-derived data quantitate expectations in patients with thumb CMC arthritis? The study was a prospective cohort study. The first phase was a 12-month-period involving interviews of 42 patients with thumb CMC arthritis to define their expectations of treatment. The interview process used techniques and principles of qualitative methodology including open-ended interview questions, unrestricted time, and study size determined by data saturation. Verbatim responses provided content for the draft survey. The second phase was a 12-month period assessing the survey for test-retest reliability with the recruitment of 36 participants who completed the survey twice. The survey was finalized from clinically relevant content, frequency of endorsement, weighted kappa values for concordance of responses, and intraclass coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha for interrater reliability and internal consistency. Thirty-two patients volunteered 256 characteristic expectations, which consisted of 21 discrete categories. Expectations with similar concepts were combined by eliminating redundancy while maintaining original terminology. These were reduced to 19 items that comprised a one-page survey. This survey showed high concordance, interrater reliability, and internal consistency, with weighted kappa values between 0.58 and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.39–0.78; p < 0.001); intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98; p < 0.001), and Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.94 and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91–0.96; p < 0.001). The thumb CMC arthritis expectations survey score is convertible to an overall score between 0 to 100 points calculated on the basis of the number of expectations and the degree of improvement expected, with higher scores indicating higher expectations. Patients with thumb CMC arthritis volunteer a characteristic and quantifiable set of expectations. Using responses recorded verbatim from patient interviews, a clinically relevant, valid, and reliable expectations survey was developed that measures the physical and psychosocial expectations of patients seeking treatment for CMC arthritis. The survey provides a calculable score that can record patients’ expectations. Clinical application of this survey includes identification of factors that influence fulfilment of these expectations. Level II, prospective study.
Environmental influences on small eating behavior change to promote weight loss among Black and Hispanic populations

Small eating behavior changes are proposed as more feasible to achieve and maintain than larger changes used in traditional behavioral weight loss studies. However, it is unclear whether overweight Black and Hispanic adults in a low-income urban setting experience small changes as feasible and what might influence feasibility. Participants' experiences in a 12-week pilot weight loss intervention were explored qualitatively to determine the feasibility of making small eating behavior changes in this population. After the intervention (69% retention), semi-structured interviews with 46 men and women (mean age 51, 50% Non-Hispanic Black, 43% Hispanic) revealed that making small eating changes was a process shaped by participants' intrapersonal and interpersonal eating environments. Participants responded to intrapersonal and interpersonal eating environmental challenges by adapting small change strategies, navigating eating environments, and negotiating household eating practices. Findings highlight how even small eating behavior changes called for adaptation, navigation, and negotiation of complex eating environments in daily life. These findings were used to improve the trial that followed and underline the importance of feasibility studies to inform community trials. Findings also add to understanding of contextual challenges and the skills needed to implement small changes in a low income, ethnic minority population.
Shock-Wave Consolidation of Rapidly Solidified Superalloy Powders

The feasibility of consolidating rapidly solidified MAR M-200 powders by explosive means is demonstrated. MAR M-200 powders produced by the rapid solidification rate (RSR) technique and exhibiting a microdendritic structure were consolidated in an axisymmetric set-up, consisting of a steel pipe (in which the powder was placed) surrounded by explosives. The converging shock waves produced full densification, after optimization of the process parameters. The microindentation hardness showed a dramatic increase: 357 HV in the as-received condition, to 700 HV in the shock-consolidated condition. The substructure was analyzed by TEM, and two distinct regions were identified. The center of the particles exhibited planar arrays of dislocations, stacking-faults, and twin faults characteristic of shock-loaded superalloys, while the melted and re-solidified interfacial layers consisted of a microcrystalline structure with homogeneous composition.
Reliability of the Finger Tapping Test and a Note on Sex Differences

The reliability of the Finger Tapping Test was investigated in two studies. In the test-retest condition 30 male and 30 female college students were tested twice by the same examiner. In the inter-examiner condition 30 male and 30 female college students were tested once by each of two examiners. Reliability coefficients for the dominant and nondominant hands were high in both studies (about .8), as contrasted with that of the ratio score (about .5), casting doubt on the use of the ratio score to lateralize impairment. Significant sex differences (males about 3 taps faster) were found, calling into question the use of single test interpretation schemes. Slight inter-examiner differences in mean scores were also detected.
A 3-cm r.f. spectrometer and mismatching impedance unit

Details are given of the design and operation of apparatus suited for use in the production of 3-cm magnetrons of the type demanding adjustment of load coupling in manufacture. The function of this equipment is to give a quick indication of the frequency pulling figure for magnetrons, in particular, types CV191 and CV214. The apparatus consists of a mechanically-scanned transmission-type cavity wavemeter, with associated rectifier and signal amplifier, together with a mechanically-driven mismatching impedance unit for use with standard ?-in × 1-in wave guide. The frequency of the magnetron at any time is indicated by a series of vertical lines tracing out the combined spectrum of magnetron and wavemeter (energy/frequency) on an oscillograph screen. By means of the mismatching impedance unit, the phase of a given reflection introduced into the magnetron load circuit may be varied, through an angle of greater than 180°. The resulting magnetron frequency changes are then indicated by a displacement of the spectrum traced on the oscillograph screen. A direct indication of the frequency-pulling figure is thereby obtained. Details of essential performance data are given, and it is considered than an overall accuracy of approximately 5% is obtained in the measurement of frequency pulling.
The pre‐fenestration audiometric survey

Hearing testing. This is the second in a series of articles on bearing testing. Otosclerosis is a disease of the ear characterized by fixation of the stapes [ stirrup] in the oval window, so that vibrations cannot be efficiently conveyed from the ear drum to the inner ear via the normal route of the ossicular chain. The resulting hearing loss can in many instances be alleviated by means of the fenestration operation, which in brief consists of providing a new “window”; into the inner ear, bypassing the immobilized ossicular chain. Not all otosclerotic patients are suitable subjects for the operation. This paper is concerned with audiometric techniques for determining which patients are suitable candidates for surgery.
An artificial neural network for nonlinear estimation of the turbine flow-meter coefficient

Abstract Turbine flow meters find various applications in the process industries, such as batch control, measuring fuel oil and gas consumption, controlling blending processes, etc. The turbine meter is a rotor driven by the fluid being metered, at a speed proportional to the flow rate. The actual behavior of a turbine flow meter is a complex function of many variables; among these are the temperature, pressure, and viscosity of the fluid; the lubricating qualities of the fluid; bearing wear; and environmental factors. The turbine meter coefficient is referred to as the ‘ K factor’, and is defined as the number of pulses per unit volume. At present, there is no single mathematical equation to predict the actual K factor. More accurate estimations and trending of the K factor will not only facilitate preventive maintenance, replacement analysis, etc., but will also ensure that material flow accounting is accurate. This research explores the use of neural-network models to aid in the estimation of the actual K factor that reflects the effect of the actual operating conditions of the turbine meter. This research analyzed data from three different turbine flow meters measuring the rate of pumping oil from the North Sea, for a company that operates off-shore oil platforms. The use of neural networks presents a new approach to the capturing of the underlying nonlinear relationships among the various input variables and the K factor. The results from this study report significant percentage reductions in mean absolute errors for the neural-network predictions over the company’s present estimation practices for the turbine flow-meter coefficient.
Comparative empirical observations on worker-owned and capitalist firms

Abstract The paper analyzes the available quantitative information on worker-owned and capitalist firms in a few industrialized countries in an attempt to draw a comparative profile of their respective sectors. The population of worker-owned firms is found to be heterogeneous, changing over time, and significantly different from the population of capitalist firms. Worker-owned firms are smaller, concentrate in a few industries, and since the mid 1970s have higher birth rates and lower demise rates than capitalist firms. These findings are interpreted with the aid of a theoretical framework and in a broad historical context.
Evaluation of time-frequency filtering for SAR/ISAR motion compensation via instantaneous frequency estimators

In previous work, the authors have proposed the compensation of translational motion of an object via time-frequency filtering in a way that separation of scatterers can be done and compensation can be achieved selectively. In this paper, the effect of filtering in the time-frequency domain is studied focusing on the effects that this processing introduces to the phase of the scatterer response. The instantaneous frequency associated with one scatterer in the image is estimated and compared to the estimated frequency obtained for the case where only that scatterer is present by itself. Deviations caused by these two computations are presumed to affect the final compensation of an image regardless of which compensation technique is used.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Franz-Keldysh Effect in the Space-Charge Region of a Germanium p − n Junction

By use of the carrier-depleted region of a reverse-biased $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junction, it has been possible to study the effect of large electric fields on the optical absorption coefficient of germanium at room temperature. In the energy range below the edge of the direct interband transitions, the absorption coefficient increases very strongly with field, and the experimental results are in fairly good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Franz, Keldysh, and others. In the region of the indirect transitions, the changes in the absorption coefficient with field oscillate between positive and negative values as a function of energy. This behavior can be related to the phonon-assisted processes first observed by Macfarlane et al.
A phase I dose escalation study of hypofractionated IMRT field-in-field boost for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.

Objectives To describe the results of a Phase I dose escalation trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) using a hypofractionated concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) boost. Methods Twenty-one patients were enrolled between April 1999 and August 2003. Radiotherapy consisted of daily fractions of 1.8 Gy with a concurrent boost of 0.7 Gy (total 2.5 Gy daily) to a total dose of 70, 75, or 80 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy was not permitted. Seven patients were enrolled at each dose and dose limiting toxicities were defined as irreversible Grade 3 or any Grade 4–5 acute neurotoxicity attributable to radiotherapy. Results All patients experienced Grade 1 or 2 acute toxicities. Acutely, 8 patients experienced Grade 3 and 1 patient experienced Grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Of these, only two reversible cases of otitis media were attributable to radiotherapy. No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. Only 2 patients experienced Grade 3 delayed toxicity and there was no delayed Grade 4 toxicity. Eleven patients requiring repeat resection or biopsy were found to have viable tumor and radiation changes with no cases of radionecrosis alone. Median overall and progression-free survival for this cohort were 13.6 and 6.5 months, respectively. One- and 2-year survival rates were 57% and 19%. At recurrence, 15 patients received chemotherapy, 9 underwent resection, and 5 received radiotherapy. Conclusions Using a hypofractionated concurrent IMRT boost, we were able to safely treat patients to 80 Gy without any dose-limiting toxicity. Given that local failure still remains the predominant pattern for GBM patients, a trial of dose escalation with IMRT and temozolomide is warranted.
Judgments of Hate Speech: The Effects of Target Group, Publicness, and Behavioral Responses of the Target

Judgments of offensiveness and accountability of hate speech as a function of contextual factors of the speech and characteristics of the observers were examined. A sample of 212 college students and 53 community participants responded to 12 scenarios describing incidents of hate speech. The within-subject variables manipulated in the scenarios were the target of the speech (ethnic groups, women, and gays), the publicness of the speech, and the behavioral response of the target. Ethnic speech was rated more offensive than gender-or gay-targeted speech; public speech was rated more offensive and more accountable than private speech; and public speech was rated more offensive and accountable when a response occurred and private speech was rated more offensive when a response did not occur. The gender and ethnicity of the raters moderated the effects of the experimental variables, as well as showing main effects. The findings of this study suggest that responses to hate speech are complex and contextual.
Scenario management in Web-based simulation

Internet communications in general and the World-Wide Web specifically are revolutionizing the computer industry. Today, the Web is full of important documents and clever applets. Java applets and servlets are beginning to appear that provide useful and even mission critical applications. From the perspective of simulation, a future Web will be full of simulation models and large amounts of simulation-generated data. Many of the models will include two or three dimensional animation as well as virtual reality. Others will allow human interaction with simulation models to control or influence their execution no matter where the user is located in the world. Analysis of data from Web-based simulations involves greater degrees of freedom than traditional simulations. The number of simulation models available and the amount of simulation data are likely to be much greater. In order to assure the quality of data, the execution of models under a variety of scenarios should be well managed. Since the user community will also be larger, quality assurance should be delegated to agents responsible for defining scenarios and executing models. A major element of simulation analysis is the analysis of output data, which manages the execution of simulation models, in order to obtain statistical data of acceptable quality. Such data may be used to predict the performance of a single system, or to compare the performance of two or more alternative system designs using a single or multiple performance measures.
A rubber dam clamp in the nasal cavity: report of case.

A rubber dam, properly used, is of benefit during endodontic, operative, and restorative treatments. Improper application of the rubber dam can result in complications. Various methods of application are possible. Each patient should be evaluated and indicated precautions taken.
Attenuation of Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Formation in P-Selectin Knockout Mice

The aim of this study was to determine the role of P-selectin, an adhesion molecule found on the surface of activated platelets and endothelial cells during experimental aortic aneurysm formation. Infrarenal abdominal aortas of C57 black wild-type (WT) mice and P-selectin knockout (PKO) mice were measured in situ and then perfused with porcine pancreatic elastase (0.332 U/mL). Whole blood was drawn from the tail artery on day 2 pre-perfusion to determine total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts. On day 14 postperfusion, aortic diameters (AD) of WT mice (N = 19) and PKO mice (N = 9) were measured. An aortic aneurysm was defined as a 100% or greater increase in AD from pre-perfusion measurement. Immunohistochemistry, including H&E, trichrome and von Gieson staining, was performed on harvested aortic tissue. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and Fisher's exact test. There were no significant differences in peripheral leukocyte counts at baseline between the two groups. WT mice had significantly larger AD compared to PKO mice at day 14 postperfusion (116 % vs. 38 %, P < 0.001). Aortic aneurysm penetrance was 52% in WT mice, while 0% (P = 0.01) of PKO mice formed aneurysms. On histologic examination, WT mouse aortas were associated with a significant inflammatory response and degradation of elastin and collagen fibers, while PKO mouse aortas lacked signs of inflammation or vessel wall injury. P-selectin deficiency attenuates aneurysm formation in the elastase aortic perfusion model. This was associated with a blunting of the inflammatory response and preserved vessel wall intergrity following elastase perfusion in the P-selectin knockout mice. Further investigation to elucidate the independent contributions of endothelial cell and platelet P-selectin in experimental aortic aneurysm formation is required.
Clinical features of 5,628 primary lung cancer patients: experience at Mayo Clinic from 1997 to 2003.

Study objectives To improve the current understanding of the etiology and natural history of primary lung cancer, we need to study the dynamic changes of clinical presentation and prognosis among a large number of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer. In this report, we present the clinical features and survival rates up to 5 years of a patient cohort. Design We identified 5,628 primary lung cancer patients between 1997 and 2002 and followed them through 2003 using multiple, complementary resources. Measurements and results Of the 5,628 patients, 58% were men with a mean age at lung cancer diagnosis of 66 years, and 42% were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 64 years. Ten percent were 80 years at diagnosis. A tobacco smoking history was present in 89% of patients, and 40% were smoking at the time of diagnosis. The estimated overall 5-year survival rates of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by disease stage was as follows: IA, 66%; IB, 53%; IIA, 42%; IIB, 36%; IIIA, 10%; IIIB, 12%; and IV, 4%. The 5-year survival rate of patients with small cell lung cancer was 22% for limited disease and 1% for extensive disease. Approximately 50% of all patients are participants in one or more research studies, and nearly 75% of these patients have donated biological specimens for research. Conclusion The survival rate of this cohort of lung cancer patients was slightly improved compared with earlier reports, particularly for patients with low-stage NSCLC. Our patient and biospecimen resource has enabled us to obtain timely results from clinical and translational research of lung cancer.
PREPARATION OF 6-3H GLUCOCEREBROSIDE

SUMMARY Glucocerebroside (l-O-f3-glucosyl ceramide) can be labeled with 3H-borohydride at the 6-position of the glucose moiety. The 6-trityl ether of cerebroside is formed first, the remaining hydroxyl groups are acetylated, the trityl group is removed, and the free 6-hydroxyl group is oxidized to an aldehyde. The carbonyl group is then reduced with borohydride and the acetyl groups are removed, regenerating the original glycolipid.
Predictors of emesis and time to goal intake after pyloromyotomy: analysis from a prospective trial

Background Emesis after pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis is a common clinical phenomenon and the limiting factor in time to goal feeds. The amount of emesis that can be expected after myotomy is unknown. No data have been published that equip caregivers with the ability to understand which patients are more likely to have emesis and take longer to advance to goal feeds after pyloromyotomy. Therefore, we performed analysis of prospective data obtained from a randomized trial to determine if outcome can be predicted from preoperative or intraoperative variables.
Correlation of catabolism and antigen shedding with monoclonal antibody uptake by human colon and lung tumor xenografts.

Catabolism of B6.2 and B72.3 monoclonal antibodies by human colon (LS174T) and lung (A549) tumor xenografts appears to be a variable and complex process. 125I-B72.3 and 125I-B6.2
Improved Sensitivity in Dual-Beam Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

The measurement of optically subtracted interferograms in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy allows the use of the more sensitive mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector with intense sources without exceeding the dynamic range of a 15-bit analog-to-digital converter. The method was first suggested by Coleman and was first experimentally demonstrated by Bar-Lev. Since that time there have been a number of attempts to incorporate the dual-beam principle into far infrared and mid infrared FT-IR spectrometers, and even into a special purpose commercial GC-IR instrument.
Effects of changes in UNOS policy regarding left ventricular assist devices.

Over the last 6 years, 161 patients underwent implantation of HeartMate single-lead vented electric (SLVE) devices as a bridge to transplantation. SLVE patients were retrospectively analyzed before and after United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy changes, and designated SLVE-1 and SLVE-2, respectively. Mean support time decreased significantly from 79.7 ± 72.0 days to 55.3 ± 60.5 days (p = 0.022). Although not statistically significant, rate of successful bridging to transplant increased from 70.3% to 74.7%, and post-transplant 1- and 3-year survival increased from 90.0% and 86.0%, respectively, to 92.9% and 87.3%, respectively.
Non-organ specific thermostable tissue antigens.

Thermostable ethanol insoluble antigens (BE antigens) were identified that occur in all human tissues and human dispersed cells, but which are absent from normal human serum. In contradistinction to previously described organ-specific BE antigens, these antigens were referred to as non-organ-specific tissue antigens (NOST). Antisera obtained by immunization of rabbits with BE preparations of human organs had been selected for being devoid of any organ specificity and had been absorbed by BE preparations of pooled human serum. Such antisera could be used as reagents for detection of NOST BE antigens in pathological human sera. Inhibition of enzyme immunoassay proved to be a convenient procedure for these studies. Inhibition of 35% or more was only exceptionally noted in studying sera of normal subjects 20–40 years old, but inhibition exceeding 35% (positive results) was noted in 48% of sera from subjects at the age of 70 years or more. A high incidence of positive results was also encountered in sera of pa...
Effect of nifedipine on cerebral high-energy phosphates after cardiac arrest and resuscitation in the rat.

We studied the effect of nifedipine, a calcium entry blocker, on the recovery of cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), and lactate levels following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Using the cardiac arrest and resuscitation model of de Garavilla, Babbs, and Tacker with an arrest time of eight minutes, 76% of the animals arrested were resuscitated with an average intermittent abdominal compression-CPR time of 3.3 minutes. Rats were assigned randomly to the following groups: nonischemic; eight minutes of arrest without resuscitation; and postresuscitation treatment with either IV normal saline; 3 μg/kg nifedipine; 10 μg/kg nifedipine; or 30 μg/kg nifedipine. Treated animals were sacrificed at either 20 or 120 minutes thereafter. As expected, after eight minutes of cardiac arrest, the levels of ATP and CP dropped to near 0 and rebounded in all resuscitated animals. By 120 minutes after resuscitation, rats given the 10-μg/kg dose of nifedipine had levels of ATP equivalent to nonischemic values. Return of CP values to nonischemic levels was seen only at the 3-μg/kg dose and was independent of time of measurement. The ATP and CP levels in these nifedipine-treated groups were significantly better when compared to saline-treated controls. There were no treatment-dependent differences in lactate levels. We conclude that clinically appropriate doses of nifedipine had a beneficial effect on the recovery of cerebral high-energy phosphates after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
Student Health: An International Interchange

(1988). Student Health: An International Interchange. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 36, International Students Health, pp. 303-303.
Mutations for polygenic traits in barley under nutrient stress

Selfed progenies of three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (‘Manker’, ‘Morex’ and ‘Unitan’) were produced from six generations of a dichotomous propagation scheme. One group of plants per cultivar (the L group) was propagated in a fertile soil mixture. Remnant seed of all generations was increased in a common environment in the field, and all progenies were evaluated in the field under low and high soil fertility. There were no overall differences between the H and L groups for biomass or grain yield, and no genotype x fertility interactions were significant. But when only lines in the sixth, or terminal, generation were considered, the L group had a significantly lower grain or biomass yield than the H group in half of the comparisons. The L group was never significantly higher for biomass or grain yield in generaton 6. Seven of 60 within-family genetic variance components were at least twice as large as their standard errors. Six of the seven significant variances were for generation 6 families within generation 5 families; of those, five were in the L groups. The genetic variance within cultivars could be attributed, not to residual heterozygosity or to constant mutation, but to an increasing mutation rate, primarily in the low-fertility propagation environment.
Intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery

Objective: A retrospective study was undertaken to determine if premature infants had a higher incidence of intrauterine growth retardation than term infants did. If premature labor is significantly associated with intrauterine growth retardation, then defining intrauterine growth retardation with a population-specific postnatal birth weight for gestational age curve would underestimate the incidence in preterm infants. Study Design: Data for the year 1990 were used to construct a postnatal birth weight for gestational-age curve. This curve was then used to analyze 1991 birth weight data and to determine the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation ( Results: Analysis of the 1991 delivery data indicated that both ultrasonography curves showed a significant decrease in the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation with advancing gestational age, whereas the postnatal curves did not. Conclusion: The results give full support to previous reports that suggest intrauterine growth retardation is more common in preterm than in term infants and are consistent with the hypothesis that intrauterine growth retardation is significantly related to premature birth. (Ann J OBSTET GYNEGOL 1993;168:1710-7.)
Improved analog optical link performance with quantum phase amplification.

A degenerate parametric amplifier at the transmitter can improve the power efficiency of a small-signal phase-modulated optical transmission system by acting as a phase amplifier. For a parametric power gain H, the total transmitter power requirement is reduced by a factor of H2 compared with that of a conventional phase-modulated system.
The grand fiction of a personal odyssey

Abstract This paper describes a personal intellectual transformation that resulted from immersion within the Clark milieu of the early 1970s: a liberation from limitations of exclusive reliance upon a positivist quantitative paradigm in the study of human/environment transactions. The paper traces the genesis, nurturing, and subsequent evolution of a research program oriented toward developing a humanistic perspective on the environmental experience of the elderly. The parallel development of similar research on children (much of it also emanating from Clark) is noted. The paper concludes with advocacy for the development of a humanistic life-cycle perspective on environmental experience that will embrace the ‘hole in the middle’, the span of life between childhood and old age that, to date, has been subjected to limited study.
Watershed Planning: Pseudo-Democracy and its Alternatives – The Case of the Cache River Watershed, Illinois

Watershed planning has typically been approached as a technical problem in which water quality and quantity as influenced by the hydrology, topography, soil composition, and land use of a watershed are the significant variables. However, it is the human uses of land and water as resources that stimulate governments to seek planning. For the past decade or more, many efforts have been made to create democratic planning processes, which, it is hoped, will be viewed as legitimate by those the plans regulate. This article uses a case study of the Cache River watershed in southernmost Illinois to analyze the complicated historical and political economic context of a specific watershed planning process that occurred from 1993 through 1995. This article assesses the claims made about the democratic, grass-roots, deliberative nature of the planning process and casts doubt on the legitimacy of its outcomes. It also proposes an alternative form of governance that would be both democratic and capable of generating outcomes viewed as legitimate by most affected parties.
Effect of alpha-2-macroglobulin on cytokine-mediated human C-reactive protein production.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-M), a serum protease inhibitor that also binds cytokines, neutralized the inhibitory effect exerted by transforming growth factor-Β (TGF-Β) on IL-6-induced C-reactive protein (CRP) production by the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5. α2-M was found to bind noncovalently with TGF-Β to form a complex that, upon acidification, released TGF-Β inhibitory activity as detected by IL-6-induced CRP production. Although α2-M also binds IL-6, it did not alter IL-6-induced CRP production by the hepatoma cells. The interaction between α2-M and TGF-Β may influence the production of acute-phase proteins by liver hepatocytes.
Effects on neutron irradiation on the yield strength and grain size relationship in iron and iron–carbon alloys

Abstract The authors wish to thank Dr. D. H. Gurinsky for his interest and encouragement, Dr. D. N. Beshers for many helpful discussions, and R. Jones and J. Eichacker for their assistance in performing the irradiation experiments and mechanical testing.
Is the current standard therapy for hepatitis C of peginterferon and ribavirin an option for patients coinfected with HIV

Is the current standard therapy for hepatitis C of peginterferon and ribavirin an option for patients coinfected with HIV?
Maintaining the inshore shear of continental boundary currents

Abstract It is suggested that the large inshore shear of Western Boundary Currents, such as is observed on the continental slope of the Florida Current, can be maintained by instability waves which produce a downgradient potential vorticity flux and an upgradient flux of relative vorticity. This is shown for a non-inflected barotropic shear layer above continuously varying bottom topography, and also for a ‘ 1 1 2 layer’ quasi-geostrophic current bounded below by a density interface. The linear eigenfunctions are substituted into the nonlinear potential vorticity equation to obtain the mean vorticity tendency, and then the quantitative increase (in the case of the barotropic model) is computed by a pseudo-spectral calculation of the nonlinear equation.
Candidate strategies in primaries and general elections with candidates of heterogeneous quality

Abstract I consider a model in which candidates of differing quality must win a primary election to compete in the general election. I show that there is an equilibrium in which Democrats choose liberal policies and Republicans choose conservative policies, but higher quality candidates choose more moderate policies than lower quality candidates. In this equilibrium, higher quality candidates choose more moderate policies if they have a larger quality advantage or there is less uncertainty about the median voterʼs ideal point in the general election, and the candidates in a given primary choose closer policies to one another when there is a smaller quality difference between the candidates in a primary. I further show that if the candidates have policy motivations, then a low quality candidate may strategically choose to enter a primary even if running for office is costly and the candidate will lose the primary election with certainty in equilibrium.
An Alternative Approach for Teaching Turbulent Flow

Teaching of turbulence in undergraduate and early graduate level fluid mechanics and heat transfer courses is a difficult undertaking. The approach taken in typical texts requires the students to accept a number of basic concepts without much quantitative justifications. This paper presents an alternative approach, one in which most of the salient features of the turbulent flow are derived by using numerical solutions and experimental results, as opposed to simply having them presented. In this approach, Prandtl’s mixing length model is used to obtain the velocity distribution for fully developed pipe flow. By comparing the numerical calculations with the experimental results, students determine the value of κ that best fits the experimental data on their own. In addition, deficiency of the mixing length in the transition region is shown. It is also shown that other models like Van Driest’s do a better job. The Logarithmic Law of the wall as well as 7th power law are also proven. The different models are used to determine the friction factor for pipe flow and the results are compared with the values obtained from the Moody diagram.Copyright © 2007 by ASME