cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decoding Digital Consumer Feedback: Customer Intelligence Insights Through Unstructured Data Mining

This white paper is based on a study that focused on understanding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of one of the largest PC and printer technology companies in relation to its competitors’ offerings by mining consumer opinions and feedback on a major regional e-commerce website, JD.com. The objective was to understand how the company’s printers were perceived and to identify the features that differentiated one brand from another. Text mining and sentiment analysis was conducted using an in-house sentiment analysis tool. Insights from this analysis helped to identify broad customer themes across different competitor inkjet products, confirm the value proposition of low supply costs for certain printer models owned by the company, and highlight other key advantages and pain points of inkjet products. Several data mining tools are available that are helpful in sentiment analysis, but the in-house tool had a built-in algorithm that captured real-time data from various social media. The finding from this exercise of customer review analysis was shared with the relevant teams. Some of the insights helped to validate the approach taken by the research team and also indicated what the features were that could differentiate the product from its competitors.
Climate Change as an Agricultural Economics Research Topic

Climate change is not just a topic for the future—it is already producing real consequences. Economically, the issue has three principal dimensions: impacts, that is, how vulnerable are we; adaptation, that is, what can we do to reduce the impacts by altering operations; and mitigation, that is, what can we do to reduce the drivers causing climate change and thus the long-term extent of climate change? All of these issues have economic dimensions, including appraising damages and the value of effects reducing actions, as well as the formulation of efficient policies. Thus, it is not surprising that this is both an active agricultural economic research area and one with many more research possibilities. We review the impacts, adaptation, and mitigation literature, identifying issues, summarizing main findings, commenting on methods, and pointing out research needs, with a special focus on what agricultural/applied economists have to offer.
Taking cardiology clinical trials to the next level: A call to action

Physicians previously perceived heart disease to be a man's disease; yet, since 1984, more women have died of ischemic heart disease. Because women who develop obstructive coronary heart disease and heart failure tend to do so 10 years later than men, cardiology clinical trials that use arbitrary age cutoffs or exclusion criteria based on comorbidities and polypharmacy often limit the pool of potential participants to a greater extent for women. Issues related to trial design and insufficient accounting for female-predominant disease patterns have contributed to low rates of enrollment of women in certain domains of cardiology research. Accordingly, women do not benefit from as rich an evidence base for cardiology as men. Here, we review major sex differences in heart disease and discuss areas of cardiology research in which women have been underrepresented. Considering the widespread sex differences in cardiovascular structure and function, it is important to include balanced numbers of women and men in cardiovascular clinical trials. Beyond inclusion, sex-specific reporting is also essential. Moreover, with ongoing developments of clinical-trial methodology, it is imperative to seek innovative ways to learn as much as possible about how interventions behave in women and men. Adaptive trials are specifically identified as promising opportunities to consider sex-based analyses at interim stages, allowing sex-specific flexibility as these trials unfold. Finally, we emphasize the importance of factoring sex as a biological variable into the design, analysis, and reporting of preclinical research, because this research critically informs the design and execution of clinical trials.
Computerized Approach to Creating a Systematic Ontology of Hematology/Oncology Regimens.

PurposeThe systemic treatment of cancer is primarily through the administration of complex chemotherapy protocols. To date, this knowledge has not been systematized, because of the lack of a consistent nomenclature and the variation in which regimens are documented. For example, recording of treatment events in electronic health record notes is often through shorthand and acronyms, limiting secondary use. A standardized hierarchic ontology of cancer treatments, mapped to standard nomenclatures, would be valuable to a variety of end users.MethodsWe leveraged the knowledge contained in a large wiki of hematology/oncology drugs and treatment regimens, HemOnc.org. Through algorithmic parsing, we created a hierarchic ontology of treatment concepts in the World Wide Web Consortium Web Ontology Language. We also mapped drug names to RxNorm codes and created optional filters to restrict the ontology by disease and/or drug class.ResultsAs of December 2017, the main ontology includes 30,526 axioms (eg, doxorubicin ...
Chapter 21 GABA-mediated inhibition in the neural networks of visual cortex

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the mechanisms of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic inhibition. In the neocortex, there is no structural evidence for the pre-synaptic inhibitory mechanisms that were described by Eccles in the spinal cord. Therefore, it is assumed that cortical inhibition acts primarily through post-synaptic mechanisms. The action of the inhibitory synapses is to produce an outward current that opposes the inward current produced by the excitatory synapses. In theoretical analyses of post-synaptic inhibition, it has been convenient to divide the post-synaptic effects into two types: hyperpolarizing inhibition and shunting inhibition. Both act by increasing the permeability or conductance of the membrane to ions whose reversal potentials are near (shunting) or more negative (hyperpolarizing) than the resting membrane potential. This distinction between shunting and hyperpolarizing inhibition is to some extent artificial, particularly in whole animal recordings, where the concept of a resting membrane potential has to be considerably stretched to be an accurate description of the data.
Novel intracochlear electrode positioner: effects on electrode position.

Spiral ganglion cells, located in the cochlear modiolus, are widely thought to be the neural elements stimulated by cochlear implants (CIs). Positioning CI electrodes adjacent to the modiolus may allow delivery of more focused, discrete fields of electrical stimulation, reducing both current requirements and the channel interaction associated with simultaneous stimulation. In order to provide greater consistency in positioning CI electrodes against the modiolus, Advanced Bionics Corporation has designed a silicone intracochlear positioner that is inserted alongside the electrode. Placed against the outer wall of the scala tympani, it directs the electrode array toward the modiolus. Five fresh-frozen temporal bones were studied to validate enhanced electrode placement. Electrode position was documented with image-enhanced digital fluoroscopy, and the distance to the modiolus was measured with computer-assisted morphometrics. The electrode positioner was highly effective in positioning the electrodes closer to the modiolus (p < .001).
Twenty-year trends in the Ohio generalist physician workforce.

BACKGROUND Many factors contribute to the variations seen in physician workforce projections, including assumptions about attrition, new physician entry, and geographic requirements. Our study offers data for bench-marking future research into this complex issue. METHOD At 5-year intervals starting in 1975, data were collected for each Ohio county by local physician census takers. RESULTS Total Ohio family physician rates per population did not increase appreciably during the 20-year period. A decrease in the number of allopathic family physicians was balanced by an increase in the number of osteopathic family physicians, many of whom were graduates of the state's first osteopathic medical school, which graduated its first class in 1980. Rates of general internists and general pediatricians increased. In 1975, the percentage of physicians older than 59 years was higher for family physicians than for general internists and general pediatricians. By 1995, this disparity in age distribution had greatly decreased. Rural family physician rates per 100,000 population decreased, and urban rates increased, while both urban and rural rates increased for general internists and general pediatricians. CONCLUSIONS Variations in accounting for clinical time used for non-generalist clinical and nonclinical activities may explain a large part of the difference between generalist head count and full-time equivalency (FTE) study results; together these activities can be said to make up a "fourth compartment" contributing to improper specialty designation. The decrease in the percentage of family physicians older than 59 years indicates that the future supply of practicing family physicians is not in jeopardy. The rural family physician workforce is decreasing, while the general internist and general pediatrician rural workforce is increasing, but the total rural workforce is still well below the urban workforce. Neither component of the rural workforce appears to have stabilized.
Energy Harvesting-Based Multicast Communication in Cellular IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology that enables interconnecting billions of electronic devices over communication networks. Multicasting is an essential service in IoT which allows the IoT devices to disseminate common messages more efficiently. Energy consumption is one of the main concerns in designing and implementing IoT since the IoT devices are expected to run for long periods of time using batteries in general. Moreover, IoT devices that participate in forwarding multicast messages excessively may deplete their energy sooner than expected. In this paper, we proposed to employ Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology with the IoT device in order to wirelessly power multicast sessions. Each IoT device that forwards a multicast message is compensated for the energy consumed for transmission by energy transmitted from Energy Transmitters (ETs). We formulate an optimal operational strategy, where the objective is to minimize the total transmitted energy from the ETs. The problem is in the form of non-convex Mixed Integer Nonlinear Problem, where there is no efficient way to solve the problem optimally when the number of variables is relatively large. Therefore, we first approximate the data rate function with a concave lower bound function. Then, we decompose the optimization problem using Generalized Bender Decomposition (GBD) into: 1) Convex Nonlinear Program (NLP) and 2) Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Moreover, we employ Successive Convex Programming (SCP) within GBD algorithm to iteratively find a better approximation for the original problem. Our simula- tion results show that GBD-SCP algorithm solves the optimization problem more efficiently with a performance close to optimal.
Designing π-conjugated polymer blends with improved thermoelectric power factors

Blending two or more π-conjugated polymers together provides a means of manipulating charge transport properties and potentially improving the performance of organic thermoelectrics. Previous results have shown that π-conjugated polymer blends can display higher Seebeck coefficients than either of the individual polymers; however, significantly increased power factors and improved thermoelectric performance in polymer blends as compared to the individual polymers has not yet been demonstrated. The purpose of this work is to theoretically and experimentally probe how the electronic properties of the individual polymers influence the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor in polymer blends. Specifically, the influence of energetic disorder, energy offsets between the transport states in the two polymers, and charge-carrier localization lengths are investigated based on a theoretical model introduced by Arkhipov and Bassler. These calculations show that gains in the power factor should be attainable when the two polymers have a small (e.g., 0.1–0.2 eV) offset in their density of states (DOS) distributions and the polymer with the higher energy DOS has a wider DOS distribution and a larger localization length. Experimentally, power factors in an appropriate polymer blend are demonstrated to exceed the power factors of the individual polymers by nearly two-fold. Through the applied theoretical and experimental approach, this work provides guidance in regards to the energetics, density of states, and charge-carrier mobilities for designing higher performing organic thermoelectrics with π-conjugated polymer blends.
Pharmacokinetics of L-Triiodothyronine in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Hormone Therapy Withdrawal.

Background: L-triiodothyronine (LT3) is a substitute for levothyroxine (LT4) for thyroid cancer (TC) patients during the preparation for nuclear medicine procedures, and it is used in combination w...
"I Would Like Us to Share a Name so That We Can Be Recognized in Society." Marital Surname Preferences in Same-Sex Relationships.

Despite the recent expansion of marriage rights within the U.S., relatively little is known about marriage-related practices among people in same-sex relationships. The current study extends prior research by investigating marital surname preferences in a large, sociodemographically diverse sample of U.S. adults in same-sex relationships. Participants (N = 179) described their surname preferences in an open-ended format. Thematic analysis revealed that many participants were open to making some type of marital surname change. When explaining their surname preferences, participants often cited their desire to unite the whole family under the same surname. Importantly, however, quantitative analyses illustrated that surname preferences significantly varied according to sociodemographic background characteristics such as age. Collectively, findings suggest a possible generational shift in surname preferences among individuals in same-sex relationships.
Privacy Perceptions and Designs of Bystanders in Smart Homes

As the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make their ways into people's homes, traditional dwellings are turning into smart homes. While prior empirical studies have examined people's privacy concerns of smart homes and their desired ways of mitigating these concerns, the focus was primarily on the end users or device owners. Our research investigated the privacy perceptions and design ideas of smart home bystanders, i.e., people who are not the owners nor the primary users of smart home devices but can potentially be involved in the device usage, such as other family members or guests. We conducted focus groups and co-design activities with eighteen participants. We identified three impacting factors of bystanders' privacy perceptions (e.g., perceived norms) and a number of design factors to mitigate their privacy concerns (e.g., asking for device control). We highlighted bystanders' needs for privacy and controls, as well as the tension of privacy expectations between the owners/users and the bystanders in smart homes. We discussed how future designs can better support and balance the privacy needs of different stakeholders in smart homes.
Influence of shock propagation on lightning evidence in volcanic ashfall deposits

Abstract Lightning-induced textures in volcanic ashfall deposits can take several forms, including lightning-induced volcanic spherules (LIVS), spherule aggregates, and pumiceous particles. Here, two newly identified textures are described in the products of current impulse experiments conducted on ash samples spanning a range of bulk compositions from basic (49 wt% SiO2) to intermediate (53–58 wt% SiO2) to acidic (72–76 wt% SiO2), at peak currents of 7 kA, 25 kA, and 100 kA. Due to the location of subjected samples on a solid, flat surface in the experimental apparatus, both hair-like particles (1–10 μm in diameter) and plate-like particles (>100 μm in diameter) are produced. These textures result from not only the high temperatures generated by the discharge (>1500 °C), but also by the expansion of a shock front with a radius twice the size of the discharge channel. The pressure behind this shock front ranges from 0.41 MPa for the 7 kA impulse currents to 0.77 MPa for the 100 kA impulse currents and the velocity of the shock ranges from 617 m/s to 846 m/s. The combined high temperatures and shock wave expansion simultaneously melts the volcanic ash particles, fuses them together, and stretches them out, which alters the very small (
Improving Family Navigation for Children With Autism: A Comparison of Two Pilot Randomized Controlled Trials.

Abstract Objective Family navigation (FN), a care management strategy, helps families overcome systems and person-level barriers to care. We previously demonstrated FN's feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy for increasing access and reducing time to autism-related diagnostic services among low-income, minority children. In this paper, we describe modifications to FN in response to concerns raised in our first pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), and then assess these modifications in a second pilot RCT. Methods An advisory group recommended modifications to recruitment procedures and study conditions. Forty parent-child dyad participants with autism-related concerns were randomized to receive modified usual care (UC) or modified FN. We compared whether the first and second pilot RCTs differed in: participant enrollment, satisfaction with clinical care, and timely completion of the diagnostic assessment. Results Recruitment improved under the modified protocol with significantly fewer potentially eligible families refusing (19.5% vs 4.8%, P Conclusions Easy-to-implement system-level enhancements improved study recruitment, satisfaction with care, and completion of a diagnostic assessment. With enhancement, FN continued to confer benefits to families.
CHAPTER 27 – MOLECULAR SPECTRA

Publisher Summary Molecular absorption spectra span the spectral region from the ultraviolet to the microwave and appear in the form of quasi-continuous bands in contrast to atomic spectra that are characterized by discrete lines. A vibrating diatomic molecule possessing an electric dipole moment, whose magnitude is a function of internuclear distance, behaves like an oscillating dipole and possesses a vibrational absorption spectrum. Transitions from rotational levels of one vibrational state to the rotational levels of another vibrational state with no change in the electronic state produce a vibration–rotation spectrum. This chapter discusses the Franck–Condon principle, which states that the radiative transitions from vibrational levels of one electronic state to vibrational levels of another take place in a time much shorter than that of a single vibration.
Nutrient signaling, stress response, and interorganelle communication are non-canonical determinants of cell fate

Abstract Isogenic cells can manifest distinct cellular fates for a single stress, however the nongenetic mechanisms driving such fates remain poorly understood. Here, we implement a robust multi-channel live-cell imaging approach to uncover noncanonical factors governing cell fate. We show that in response to acute glucose removal (AGR), budding yeast undergo distinct fates becoming either quiescent or senescent. Senescent cells fail to resume mitotic cycles following glucose replenishment but remain responsive to nutrient stimuli. Whereas quiescent cells manifest starvation-induced adaptation, senescent cells display perturbed endomembrane trafficking and defective nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ) expansion. Surprisingly, we also show senescence occurs in the absence of lipid droplets. Importantly, we identify the nutrient-sensing linked kinase Rim15 as a key biomarker that predicts cell fates before AGR stress. We propose that isogenic yeast challenged with acute nutrient shortage contain determinants that influence their post-stress fate, and demonstrate that specific nutrient signaling, stress-response, endomembrane trafficking, and inter-organelle tether biomarkers are early indicators for long-term fate outcomes.
LONG-TERM X-RAY SPECTRAL VARIABILITY OF THE RADIO-LOUD NLS1 GALAXY PKS 0558-504

We present X-ray observations of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 0558–504 obtained with RXTE during a 1-year monitoring campaign. This source, which is one of the very few radio-loud NLS1 galaxies, shows strong X-ray flux variability on time scales of weeks-months accompanied by spectral variability. The main goal of this study is to investigate the spectral variability with model-independent methods and time-resolved spectroscopy in order to shed light on the origin of the X-rays. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The flux typically changes by a factor of 1.5-2 on time scales of 10-30 days, with few extreme events where the flux increases by a factor of ∼4 in 3 days. 2) We do not observe any large amplitude, flux related spectral variations. During the flux variations, the spectrum varies mainly in normalization and not in shape. We do observe some small amplitude spectral variations, which do not correlate with flux, although there is a hint of spectral hardening as the source brightens. 3
June Medical Services v. Russo on State Regulation of Abortion Clinics

With the changes in the composition of the Court, the holding of Roe v. Wade is in question. Does the Constitution protect a right of privacy or is this a matter democratic decision-making at the state level? This case from Louisiana addresses a subsidiary question: If a state imposes a regulation that limits access to abortion providers, does that constitute an impermissible undue burden or do states have the power to determine the scope of reasonable regulations? June Medical Services is complicated further by the recent near-identical facts of Whole Woman’s Health decided in 2016, raising the question of whether respect for precedent will restrain the Court in the contemporary era, regarding recent cases as well as nearly fifty-year-old-precedents like Roe.
Plenary lecture 5: synthesis and applications of some nanostructured materials

Nanostructure materials possess novel properties characteristic of neither the molecular nor the bulk solid state with sized dependent behavior. Nanoporous materials can be synthesized either by bottom-up technique or top-bottom technique. The resultants, nonoporous materials, are characterized by well-defined pore and/or cavities size in nanometer scale, with unique molecular sieving capabilities and ultrahigh surface area: suitable as hosts and templates for fabrication of nanoscale devices and nanomaterials. Supported nanoporous materials play a very important role in catalysis. We will describe synthesis and characterization of improved heterogeneous catalysts for ring-opening polymerization based on metal-substituted hexagonal nanoporous silica. We will discuss the fundamental principle for designing synthesis and characterization of nanoporous adsorbents for environmental remediation. For example, lead ions in soils and stormwater run-off from small arms firing range (SAFR) is a concern of national proportion. Various adsorption technologies have been studied to solve the problem of lead species releases to the environment. Also, we will present a study to support worldwide research efforts to obtain drinking water with arsenic levels below 10 part per billion (ppb), using different adsorbents modified with iron species. Using template technique, we synthesized carbon nanotubes and novel multi-wall metal oxides nanotubes, such as metal oxides like hafnium oxide (hafnia, HfO2), zirconium oxide (zirconia, ZrO2) and semiconducting zinc oxide (ZnO). These metal oxide tubes are important materials that can be used as gas sensors, catalysts, optoelectronics, and high-k dielectrics in microelectronics.
MRI Evaluation for Patients with TMJ Disorders and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The purpose of this chapter is to present the diagnostic importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathologies that may be associated with the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient. MRI is one of the most important tools available for diagnosis and treatment planning patients with TMJ disorders. However, it is estimated that 40–60% of TMJ MRIs are misread by radiologists. The presence of TMJ pathology can contribute to maxillary and mandibular hypoplasia as well as decrease function of the oropharyngeal airway. Therefore, it is important for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to accurately interpret TMJ MRIs, so that a coexisting TMJ pathology is identified and appropriate treatment protocol is selected to provide stable and predictable outcomes. This chapter presents the MRI findings of the common TMJ pathologies associated with OSA.
Sensitivity of productivity to precipitation amount and pattern varies by topographic position in a semiarid grassland

Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in grasslands is an important integrator of terrestrial ecosystem function, a key driver of global biogeochemical cycles, and a critical source of food for wild and domesticated herbivores. ANPP exhibits high spatial and temporal variability, driven by a suite of factors including precipitation amount and pattern, biotic and abiotic legacies, and topographic heterogeneity. Global climate models forecast an altered hydrological cycle due to climate change, including higher precipitation variability and more extreme events, which may further increase spatiotemporal variability in ANPP. Therefore, it is essential to understand the sensitivity of this central ecosystem function to various precipitation metrics, legacies, and topographic positions to better inform sustainable grassland management. In this study, we analyzed long‐term (36‐yr) ANPP data collected across a topographic sequence in the semiarid shortgrass steppe of North America to examine patterns and drivers of spatiotemporal variability in ANPP. We observed that (1) ANPP varied substantially by topographic position, with greater divergence during years with high production, (2) ANPP variability was higher temporally (16‐fold maximum difference across years) than spatially (4‐fold maximum difference across topographic positions), (3) warm‐season perennial grasses were the dominant plant functional type across all topographic positions and strongly influenced total ANPP dynamics, and (4) ANPP had strong sensitivities to current year precipitation amount and pattern that varied by plant functional type, as well as weaker sensitivities to precipitation and productivity legacies. Overall, the lowest topographic position had the highest sensitivity to precipitation, likely due to higher resource availability via the downhill movement of water and nutrients during years with high precipitation and large rainfall events. These results suggest that temporal and spatial ANPP variability in shortgrass steppe is primarily driven by the combined effects of precipitation amount and pattern during the current year, with the dominant warm‐season perennial grasses governing these responses.
Disproportionate contributions to air quality-related deaths: The latest case against red meat.

The COVID epidemic, which has been holding us under its thumb for over a year now, has so far claimed about 600,000 US lives (1). By any human measure, and compared to most historical mass casualty events, this is a staggering, epic toll. Yet suppose you found out that it only takes the US food system about 30 y to kill as many people by air pollution alone, above and beyond the deaths by the more familiar ways by which this food system kills Americans? (For the uninitiated, metabolic and dietary diseases, fortified novel pathogens, chemotoxicity, or pollution of drinking water, ponds, lakes, and coastal ocean are some of the more direct of these ways.) Hard to comprehend and harder still to stomach though this statistic is, it is exactly what a stunning paper by Domingo et al. (2) in PNAS delivers, based on a novel quantification of diet-related air pollution deaths in the United States. It is a tour de force of amazing insights derived from nothing more than run-of-the-mill analysis of carefully curated data by solid, traditional tools containing nothing objectionable and minimal, well-reasoned conjecture. It puts Mark Twain’s famous assessment of science as delivering (3) “such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact” on its head, delivering wholesale returns of facts, important facts, out of trifling investment in methodology. Let’s make the … [↵][1]1Email: geshel{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Social media use following exposure to an acute stressor facilitates recovery from the stress response

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that social network use (e.g., Facebook) prior to exposure to an acute stressor can buffer the physiological response to that stressor. However, it is unclear if using social media after exposure to an acute stressor can modulate recovery following the stressor. In the current study, therefore, we examined if social media use might serve as an effective coping mechanism to help deal with exposure to a stressor. Heart rate, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol were compared in healthy college undergraduates (n = 23) before and after completion of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Following exposure to the TSST, subjects were selected to use social media, read quietly or given the choice to use social media or read quietly during a 15- minute recovery period. The TSST induced significant increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and salivary cortisol. Additional analyses revealed that subjects that used social media after termination of the acute stressor demonstrated a significantly facilitated hemodynamic and a trend for a more rapid endocrine recovery compared with subjects that read quietly during the recovery period. Although the majority (71%) of subjects given the choice of recovery modality chose to use social media, differences were not observed between groups selected to use social media and those given the choice to do so during the recovery period. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis recovery following stimulation by an acute stressor might be modulated by social media use in undergraduates. Collectively, these data provide further insight into the interaction between psychosocial stress, social media use and health.
Divergent Adsorption Behavior Controlled by Primary Coordination Sphere Anions in the Metal-Organic Framework Ni 2 X 2 BTDD

CO, ethylene, and H2 demonstrate divergent adsorption enthalpies upon interaction with a series of anion-exchanged Ni2X2BTDD materials (X = OH, F, Cl, Br; H2BTDD = bis(1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b][4',5'-i])dibenzo[1,4]dioxin)). The dissimilar responses of these conventional π-acceptor gaseous ligands are in contrast with the typical behavior that may be expected for gas sorption in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which generally follows similar periodic trends for a given set of systematic changes to the host MOF structure. A combination of computational and spectroscopic data reveals that the divergent behavior, especially between CO and ethylene, stems from a predominantly σ-donor interaction between the former and Ni2+ and a π-acceptor interaction for the latter. These findings will facilitate further deliberate postsynthetic modifications of MOFs with open metal sites to control the equilibrium selectivity of gas sorption.
Die Nervenzentrale des Fließbandes

Mit dem Einsatz des Fliesbandes in den Autofabriken von Henry Ford hat das industrielle Zeitalter begonnen. Die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Auswirkungen dieser Produktionsmethode waren von groster Bedeutung. Das Neue bestand nicht darin, das sich der Mensch eines Werkzeugs oder einer Maschine bediente, um ein Produkt herzustellen, sondern das Maschine und Mensch in einem vorgegebenen Arbeitsablauf zusammengespannt wurden — dem Fliesbandarbeiter ist der Ablauf seiner Handgriffe und der Arbeitsrhythmus aufgezwungen. Der Siegeszug des Fliesbandes und anderer technischer Hilfen in der industriellen Fertigung ist eine Tatsache. Es ist heute sinnlos, uber Vor- und Nachteile dieser Ersten Industriellen Revolution zu sprechen, denn sie ist abgeschlossen, und eine ganz andere Entwicklung hat inzwischen eingesetzt: der Einzug des Computers in die Verwaltungsraume und in die Fabrikhallen wird noch viel grosere wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen hervorrufen als das Fliesband oder der automatische Webstuhl. In wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht wird die Datenverarbeitung ahnliche Folgen haben wie das Fliesband, das heist, sie wird ebenfalls eine billigere Fertigung ermoglichen. Die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen werden jedoch wesentlich erfreulicher sein als die der Ersten Industriellen Revolution. Das Prinzip der Fliesbandarbeit — der Mensch als Gehilfe der Maschine — findet sich bei der Datenverarbeitung als angenehme Umkehrung: Der Computer ubernimmt die eigentliche Arbeit.
Cooldown of Insulated Metal Tubes to Cryogenic Temperatures

Coatings of a poor thermal conductor on metallic components may shorten the lengthy cooldown process prior to operation of cryogenic equipment, as shown first by Cowley, Timson, and Sawdye [1]. Consequently, the operation and response of low-temperature systems may be improved by coating fluid-exposed surfaces of hardware (e.g., ducts, pumps). For instance, applications of Teflon coatings to cryopanels have been reported by Allen [2].
Optimum Receivers for Fading Channels

Our goal in this chapter is to present the work of the past under a unified framework based on the maximum-likelihood approach and also to consider a larger number of situations corresponding to more sophisticated modulations, detection schemes, and fading channels. In addition, we shall treat a variety of combinations of channel state knowledge relating to the amplitude, phase, and delay parameter vectors associated with the fading channels. We begin our discussion by reviewing the mathematical models for the transmitted signal and generalized fading channel as introduced in previous chapters.
Laser energy deposition in crossing shock interaction

A combined computational and experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of a single laser energy pulse on the transition from a Mach Reflection (MR) to a Regular Reflection (RR) in the Dual Solution Domain (DSD). The freestream Mach number is 3.45 and two oblique shock waves are formed by two symmetric 22° wedges. These conditions correspond to a point midway within the DSD wherein either an MR or an RR is possible. A steady MR was first obtained experimentally and numerically, then a single laser pulse was deposited above the horizontal center plane. The experiment showed that the Mach stem height decreased to 30% of its original height due to the interaction with the thermal spot generated by the laser pulse and then returned to its original height by 300μs. That the Mach stem returned to its original height was most likely due to freestream turbulence in the wind tunnel. The numerical simulation successfully predicted the reverse transition from a stable MR to a stable RR and the stable RR persisted across the span. This study showed the capability of a laser energy pulse to control the reverse transition of MR → RR within the Dual Solution Domain.
Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells

To demonstrate the presence of de novo synthesis in central mammalian neurons, we cloned and sequenced a rabbit insulin cDNA from pancreas and used it to define sequences encoding insulin mRNA from postnatal rabbit brain. We observed transcription/elongation of nascent insulin transcripts, characterized the size of these transcripts, and localized them to specific neurons in certain catecholaminergic-rich areas of the central nervous system. RNase protection assays using a rabbit probe spanning a region from 14 bases 5' to the translation start site through all but 18 bases of the sequence encoding the A-chain of insulin showed two bands in rabbit brain RNA and only one band in pancreas. The larger band in brain was the same size as that in pancreatic RNA; the other was approximately 10 bases shorter. Because the sequence of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction product from brain RNA was identical to pancreatic RNA sequence in the region corresponding to the 3' region of the probe, the smaller band in brain is most consistent with a sequence mismatch in some brain mRNA in the region corresponding to the 5'-end of the probe. In situ hybridization localized insulin mRNA to anatomical regions involved with olfaction and higher association of the limbic system. High performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and [35S]cysteine metabolic labeling of cultured neuronal and glial cells indicated extracellular secretion of immunoprecipitable insulin by neurons only. Presence of insulin transcripts within specific neurons with extracellular secretion of the peptide suggests a specialized biological role.
Direct and Inverse Cascades in the Wind-Driven Sea

We offer a new form for the S(nl) term in the Hasselmann kinetic equation for squared wave amplitudes of wind-driven gravity wave. This form of S(nl) makes possible to rewrite in differential form the conservation laws for energy, momentum, and wave action, and introduce their fluxes by a natural way. We show that the stationary kinetic equation has a family of exact Kolmogorov-type solutions governed by the fluxes of motion constants: wave action, energy, and momentum. The simple "local" model for S(nl) term that is equivalent to the "diffusion approximation" is studied in details. In this case, Kolmogorov spectra are found in the explicit form. We show that a general solution of the stationary kinetic equation behind the spectral peak is described by the Kolmogorov-type solution with frequency-dependent fluxes. The domains of "inverse cascade" and "direct cascade" can be separated by natural way. The spectrum in the universal domain is close to $\omega^{-4}$.
Intel® Omni-path Architecture: Enabling Scalable, High Performance Fabrics

The Intel® Omni-Path Architecture (Intel® OPA) is designed to enable a broad class of computations requiring scalable, tightly coupled CPU, memory, and storage resources. Integration between devices in the Intel® OPA family and Intel® CPUs enable improvements in system level packaging and network efficiency. When coupled with the new user-focused open standard APIs developed by the OpenFabrics Alliance (OFA) Open Fabrics Initiative (OFI), host fabric interfaces (HFIs) and switches in the Intel® OPA family are optimized to provide low latency, high bandwidth, and high message rate. Intel® OPA provides important innovations to enable a multi-generation, scalable fabric, including: link layer reliability, extended fabric addressing, and optimizations for high core count CPUs. Datacenter needs are also a core focus for Intel® OPA, which includes: link level traffic flow optimization to minimize datacenter jitter for high priority packets, robust partitioning support, quality of service support, and a centralized fabric management system. Basic performance metrics from first generation HFI and switch implementations demonstrate the potential of the new fabric architecture.
High Throughput Lipid Bilayer Technologies

Measurements of ion channels are important for scientific, sensing and pharmaceutical applications. Reconstitution of ion channels into lipid vesicles and planar lipid bilayers for measurement at the single molecule level is a laborious and slow process incompatible with the high throughput methods and equipment used for sensing and drug discovery. A recently published method of lipid bilayer formation mechanically combines lipid monolayers self-assembled at the interfaces of aqueous and apolar phases. We have expanded on this method by vertically orienting these phases and using gravity as the driving force to combine the monolayers. As this method only requires fluid dispensation, it is trivially integrated with high throughput automated liquid-handling robotics. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, we created over 2200 lipid bilayers in three hours. We show single molecule measurements of technologically and physiologically relevant ion channels incorporated into lipid bilayers formed with this method.
An improved method of detecting DNA-RNA hybrids bound to nitrocellulose filters.

Abstract The enzymic removal of DNA-RNA hybrids from nitrocellulose filters before counting results in an increase in the detectable counts per minute and a decrease in the variability between duplicate samples. This permits the use of filters containing smaller amounts of DNA, and the use of RNA which has a lower specific activity, without losing statistical accuracy. Both accuracy and precision in the determination of specific activities of RNA samples are increased by digesting the RNA prior to counting.
An Intelligent and Efficient Tree Search Algorithm for Computer-Aided Component Selection

Component selection in engineering design is a process in which an assembly of pre-defined component types is given and a choice of specific components is desired that satisfies a set of design requirements and constraints. Although algorithmic approaches to component selection have been researched for specific mechanical engineering problems such as bearing selection, a generalized technique has not been developed. This paper proposes a universal tool to automate the process of component selection by incorporating a tree search. Our technique evaluates the worth of candidate solutions in terms of the customer needs satisfaction and the compatibility between interconnected components. The tree search technique used in this research is not only quick and efficient but also guarantees an optimal solution.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A detailed analysis of next generation sequencing reads of microRNA expression in Barrett’s Esophagus: absolute versus relative quantification

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a state of the art technology for microRNA (miRNA) analysis. The quantitative interpretation of the primary output of NGS i.e. the read counts for a miRNA sequence that can vary by several orders of magnitude (1 to 107) remains incompletely understood. NGS (SOLiD 3 technology) was performed on biopsies from 6 Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and 5 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) patients. Read sequences were aligned to miRBase 18.0. Differential expression analysis was adjusted for false discovery rate of 5%. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for 36 miRNA in a validation cohort of 47 patients (27 BE and 20 GERD). Correlation coefficients, accuracy, precision and recall of NGS compared to qRT-PCR were calculated. Increase in NGS reads was associated with progressively lower Cq values, p 1000 vs. 500 vs. 100 vs. <100). The accuracy, precision and recall of NGS to label a miRNA as differentially expressed were 0.71, 0.88 and 0.74 respectively. Absolute NGS reads correlated modestly with qRT-PCR but fold changes correlated highly. NGS is robust at relative but not absolute quantification of miRNA levels and accurate for high-throughput identification of differentially expressed miRNA.
Afterword: the past, present, and future of applied pretrial publicity research.

The designation of a special issue on pretrial publicity (PTP) effects speaks to the "general acceptance" of this work in the field at this point in its development. The papers in this special issue add to the existing PTP literature in several respects: methodologically, theoretically, and practically. It is appropriate at this point to examine where work in this area has been, where it is now, and where it is going. As is the case with many areas in the field of legal psychology, the research on PTP is and has been driven by a practical problem: the tension between the First and Sixth Amendment rights of the press on the one hand, and the rights of a defendant to a fair trial on the other hand. Empirical research on PTP has attempted to address the following specific questions: (a) does PTP affect juror verdicts?; (b) if there are PTP effects on verdicts, what is the theoretical underpinning of such effects?; and (c) what remedies are appropriate to ameliorate PTP effects? As the body of research that addresses these questions has grown, psychologists have begun to consult with attorneys who seek to present the research to courts. Although this has primarily been in the context of criminal cases (e.g., Vidmar, this issue; Studebaker et al., this issue), civil cases may clearly be affected as well (Bornstein et al., this issue). Psychologists who have consulted on these sorts of cases are often called upon to present affidavits that summarize "off-the-shelf" research findings, customized research findings relevant to a particular case, or both (Vidmar, this issue). At this point in the development of the research literature, a number of conclusions can be drawn, and have been set forth in affidavits by psychologists in PTP cases. As an example, consider the following set of conclusions set forth in an affidavit of mine in a local case involving a serial murderer (see State of Ohio v. Benasutti, 1996); a similar affidavit was presented by Penrod in the McVeigh case (see Studebaker et al., this issue, and the references therein):
Ultrastructure of Inclusions from Brown Shell Eggs of the Domestic Fowl

Abstract Standard techniques were used for fixation and examination of egg inclusions for transmission electron microscopy. Observation revealed numerous granules of various electron density throughout the inclusions. Membrane-bound areas with electron-dense material accumulated at the periphery were seen. These resembled cell nuclei with marginated chromatin. Other smaller membrane-bound granules were also observed which sometimes contained electron-dense materials. Crystal arrays were sometimes observed at high magnifications. A few intact cells were observed at the periphery of some of the inclusions. These cells showed numerous vacuoles, some of which contained granular material. In no case were erythrocytes, muscle cells, or material of apparent muscle cell origin seen, indicating that the term “meat spot” which is generally applied to these inclusions is a misnomer.
Inhibition by halothane of release of norepinephrine, but not of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, from guinea-pig vas deferens

Abstract Halothane strikingly decreases spontaneous and electrically stimulated release of norepinephrine from the isolated guinea pig hypogastric nerve—vas deferens preparation. This depression of adrenergic discharge appears to be a direct action on the sympathetic nerve endings and may in part account for the cardiovascular depression seen during halothane administration. Although halothane depressed stimulation-induced release of norepinephrine, it did not proportionately diminish release of dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Possible mechanisms of the dissociation between catecholamine and enzyme release are discussed.
Indicators of conformational changes in the Na+/K+-ATPase and their interpretation

Ill. Dephosphorylation reactions and enzyme conformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A. Background: The Albers-Post scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 B. Further classification of enzyme-phosphate species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 C. Na + Binding and release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 D. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89