cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Nano-TiO2 Thin Film for Selective Oxidation

AbstractControlled titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on stainless steel surfaces using the flame-aerosol synthetic technique, which is a one-step coating process that does not require further calcination. Solid state characterization of the coatings was conducted by different techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. The coated thin films were used in a gas phase photoreactor for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to alcohols and ketones as an alternative production method for the highly sought oxygenates. For this purpose, the oxidation reaction of cyclohexane to form cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone was chosen as a model reaction. The effects of the film thickness, anatase-to-rutile ratio, and particle morphology on the reactivity of the catalyst were studied. Experimental results revealed that there is an optimal film thickness (between 400 and 700 nm) for the photooxidation process that gave a maximum rate of rea...
Is Fibromuscular Dysplasia a Single Disease

There is a dearth of new information about fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Although the disease was first described in 1938 in a 5-year-old boy with malignant hypertension, it was nearly 25 years before the pathology and angiographic correlates were described in detail.1–6 From 1966 to the early 1980s there were multiple articles on the classification and treatment of patients with fibromuscular dysplasia.4–9 There is disparity and complexity among the 5 classification schemes, and thus no consensus as to the most accurate way to classify this disease exists.10,11 Article see p 3062 In the last 30 years there has been no new information regarding the cause and pathophysiology and little new information on the genetics and treatment of patients with FMD. The literature is inundated with single case reports and small case series, most adding little to the understanding of this uncommon disease. However, in the last 3 years there has been a resurgence of interest in FMD, leading to a better understanding of this condition.10,12,13 In 2012, the findings from the United States registry for Fibromuscular Dysplasia were reported on the first 447 patients entered into the registry.14 Additionally, a multidisciplinary State of the Science paper on FMD was commissioned by the American Heart Association, and those findings will be published in 2013. It is therefore timely that in this issue of Circulation , an experienced group of investigators in Paris published a provocative study that provides a plethora of important new information related to the classification and phenotypic expression of FMD.11 Because pathological specimens are rarely available as a result of technical advances in endovascular therapy, Savard and his associates11 investigated whether using a binary angiographic classification would accurately discriminate between 2 distinct …
Computer aided modeling and analysis of a new biomedical and surgical instrument

This paper describes the recent research and development of an endo surgical/biomedical instrument in surgical suture applications for minimally invasive therapy procedure. The newly developed instruments can not only protect the wound during the surgical procedure but also actively help the healing process. The new mechanism design of the surgical instrument aids in better ergonomic design, reliable functionality, and continuous cost reduction in product manufacturing. 3-D modeling technique, functionality analysis, kinematical simulation and computer aided solution have been applied to the instrument design, development and future improvement to meet the specific requirements of minimally invasive surgery procedure. The improved new endo surgical/biomedical instrument can prevent patient’s vessels and tissues from being damaging because the distal move of clips are well controlled without clip drop-off incident. Plus the operational force to form the clip is lower than regular surgical/biomedical instruments due to this special new mechanism design. In addition to the above, the manufacturing and product cost can be decreased because the dimensional tolerance of components, such as clip channel and jaw guide track, can be loose due to this new instrument design. The prototypes of this new endo surgical/biomedical instrument design are analyzed through computer aided modeling and simulation, in order to prove its feasible functionality, reliable performance, and mechanical advantage. All these improved features have also been tested and verified through the prototypes.
Conformational Dynamics of Activation for the Pentameric Complex of Dimeric G Protein-Coupled Receptor and Heterotrimeric G Protein

Summary Photoactivation of rhodopsin (Rho), a G protein-coupled receptor, causes conformational changes that provide a specific binding site for the rod G protein, G t . In this work we employed structural mass spectrometry techniques to elucidate the structural changes accompanying transition of ground state Rho to photoactivated Rho (Rho ∗ ) and in the pentameric complex between dimeric Rho ∗ and heterotrimeric G t . Observed differences in hydroxyl radical labeling and deuterium uptake between Rho ∗ and the (Rho ∗ ) 2 -G t complex suggest that photoactivation causes structural relaxation of Rho following its initial tightening upon G t coupling. In contrast, nucleotide-free G t in the complex is significantly more accessible to deuterium uptake allowing it to accept GTP and mediating complex dissociation. Thus, we provide direct evidence that in the critical step of signal amplification, Rho ∗ and G t exhibit dissimilar conformational changes when they are coupled in the (Rho ∗ ) 2 -G t complex.
Thumb volar plate reconstruction utilizing extensor pollicis brevis autograft: evaluation of a new technique

Background Sagittal plane instability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint is a difficult problem with numerous surgical techniques described. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a technique in which a distally based extensor pollicis brevis tendon autograft is utilized to reconstruct the deficient volar plate.
Understanding Trade Balances and Reciprocity in Global Telecom Between Asia and the United States (1984–2000)

ABSTRACT From 1982 to 1997, the balance of trade deficit for U.S. telecommunications services increased tenfold. In the years since that time, the increase became less dramatic and eventually began to decline due to global deregulation and privatization efforts, as well as to multilateral agreements forged by most major countries. The countries of Asia contributed greatly to this increase and have also been examples of the reversal of the balance of trade deficit in recent years. Our analysis identifies partner reciprocity as a core issue of the international long-distance industry. We integrate various literature streams to better understand the issue of international reciprocity in service industries. Furthermore, we identify the trends in global telecom that explain the historical imbalanced reciprocity period between 1984 and 1997 and the more recent period where a more balanced reciprocity has existed between the United States and the Asian region.
Word-Recognition Training: Computer Versus Tutor

The effects of tutor- or computer-assisted word recognition were assessed in a sample of third grade children. At pre-test, students' reading accuracy and fluency were evaluated on a training word list, generalization word list, and reading passages. Students were then randomly assigned to one of three group conditions—control (students practiced word lists alone), tutor-assisted, and computer-assisted—and given three training sessions. Results indicated that students practicing alone did not improve fluency, whereas both tutor- and computer-assisted groups significantly improved reading speed and accuracy on the trained list and reading fluency on some passages. Students who received word recognition training via a computer performed as well as students who received individualized tutoring. Importantly, the computer-assisted instruction required little teacher time or supervision.
Repair of an arterial perforation of the internal carotid artery using Hemashield wrapping with aneurysm clip reinforcement: technical note.

OBJECTIVE: To review a technique used to repair a hole in the carotid artery encountered during the dissection and clipping of a giant paraclinoid aneurysm. METHODS: The technique of repair involves wrapping the artery using a woven double velour material impregnated with bovine collagen (Hemashield; Meadox, Oakland, NJ) and securing the material around the carotid artery with an aneurysm clip. The intravascular pressure of the carotid artery provides the counterforce necessary to seal the hole. RESULTS: The carotid artery was slightly narrowed after the treatment. The patient made an excellent recovery from surgery. CONCLUSION: This technique provides an alternative means of repairing a defect in the walls of intracranial arteries.
Two dimensional XY type magnetism in intercalated graphite: an elastic and inelastic neutron scattering study

Stage-2 CoCl2-GIC approximates a two-dimensional easy-plane (XY) ferromagnet on a triangular lattice. It has been found in prior work to order in two steps, with the intermediate phase showing long-ranged ferromagnetic correlations within the intercalate plane, but no correlations between neighboring planes. We have probed the wave vector and temperature dependence of the static and dynamic spin correlations in detail, including measurements of the critical scattering, the quasielastic scattering from vortex diffusion and the spin wave excitations with and without an external magnetic field. Some of the predictions for a Kosterlitz-Thouless type transition are met in this compound, at least qualitatively, including an apparent jump in the spin stiffness at the critical point and the existence of a diffusive central peak in the scattering function possibly originating from vortex autocorrelations. However, there are some inconsistencies between our observations and recent analytical studies as well as Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics simulations of the vortex dynamics that prevent unambigous assignment of the upper critical temperature as a vortex-binding transition.
Constitutive modeling of void shearing effect in ductile fracture of porous materials

Abstract Many solids, including geomaterials and commercially available metallic alloys, can be considered as a porous media. The Gurson-like model has been proposed to describe plastic deformation for such type of materials. It has attracted a great deal of attention and various modifications to this model have been proposed. The constitutive equations of Gurson-like model are governed by the first and second stress invariants and the current void volume fraction of the material. Tvergaard and Needleman included void nucleation, growth and coalescence to Gurson model in a phenomenological way [Tvergaard V, Needleman A. Analysis of the cup-cone fracture in a round tensile bar. Acta Metall 1984;32(1):157–69] – thus suggesting the so called GTN model. Meanwhile, little attention was given to the dependence of the damage evolution on the third stress invariant. McClintock et al. [McClintock FA, Kaplan SM, Berg CA. Ductile fracture by hole growth in shear bands. Int J Fract Mechan 1966;2(4):614–27] proposed damage model based on the void evolution in localized shear banding. In the present paper, a separate internal damage variable which differs from the conventional void volume fraction is introduced. The GTN model is further extended to incorporate the void shearing mechanism of damage, which depends on the third stress invariant. Numerical aspects are addressed concerning the integration of the proposed constitutive relations. A unit cell is studied to illustrate the intrinsic mechanical behavior of the modified model. Computations of the deformation in axisymmetric and transverse plane strain tension are also performed. Realistic crack modes in these simulations are achieved for the modified GTN model.
Cognitive Complexity and the Comparability of Multiple-Choice and Constructed-Response Test Formats

Abstract Criticism within the educational community of the multiple-choice format is in no short supply and seems to revolve around an alleged inability of multiplechoice tests to assess higher order thinking skills as well as constructed-response tests measure these skills. To investigate the credibility of such assertions, I constructed the exams for two measurement classes as half multiple choice and half constructed response; the exams contained equal numbers of items in each format written for the knowledge, comprehension, application, and analysis levels of Bloom's taxonomy. A pattern of generally high disattenuated correlations between multiple-choice and constructed-response measures within each taxonomic level was found, indicating that the two formats measure similar constructs at different levels of complexity. Factor analysis corroborated these interpretations.
Covalent effects for rare earth ions with 6, 8 and 12 neighbors

Abstract We extend overlap considerations of rare earth ions to: Crystal field splittings when the rare earth ion is surrounded by 6, 8 and 12 neighbors in O h symmetry, overlap with F 1- , O 2- , and Cl 1- ligands. The results are compared with electrostatic lattice sum calculations as well as with several experimental results.
A dislocation approach for the thermal stress intensity factors of a crack in an infinite anisotropic medium under uniform heat flow

On the basis of the two-dimensional theory of anisotropic thermoelasticity, a solution is given for the thermal stress intensity factors due to the obstruction of a uniform heat flux by an insulated line crack in a generally anisotropic body. The crack is replaced by continuous distributions of sources of temperature discontinuity and dislocations. First, the particular thermoelastic dislocation solutions for an infinite plane are obtained. Then the corresponding isothermal solutions are superposed to satisfy the traction-free conditions on the crack surfaces. The dislocation solutions are applied to calculate the thermal stress intensity factors, which are validated by the exact solutions. The effects of the uniform heat flux, the ply angle and the crack length are investigated.
Total synthesis of Spiruchostatin A via chemoselective macrocyclization using an accessible enantiomerically pure latent thioester.

HDAC inhibitor Spiruchostatin A was synthesized via a route that differs significantly from previously reported routes. The key step involves a latent thioester that initiates a chemoselective transformation similar to native chemical ligation to form the macrocyclic alanine−cysteine amide bond. The easily prepared latent thioester—the first such moiety reported in enantiomerically pure form—is designed with a pendant carboxylic acid to serve as a solid-phase linker for the synthesis of cyclic, cysteine-containing, peptidic materials.
Analysis of prospective airline mergers using a simulated annealing model

This paper examines the efficacy of a simulated annealing model of the US airline network in analyzing potential mergers between major airlines. The simulation performs satisfactorily in modeling the current hub-and-spoke system focusing on the effects on passenger routings, producer profits, and consumer welfare. In general, the simulated annealing model reasonably demonstrates the price and demand effects due to a merger of major carriers. While it cannot take into account all relevant information, such as labor union relationships and negotiating tactics, it can offers insight into the implications of airline mergers.
CAN A PERPETUAL INVENTORY CAPITAL STOCK BE USED FOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PARAMETER ESTIMATION

Due to lack of data on capital disappearance, we simply do not know the covariance of the capital stock with factor inputs and prices well enough to estimate production function parameters. Since replacement rates are rational economic decisions, the errors in a perpetual inventory capital stock vary systematically with the business cycle and such economic variables as rates of technical progress and interest rates. This introduces systematic errors into calculated parameters of production functions and rates of technical progress.
Choreographing a different dance: Placing research in the public arena

Geographers increasingly advocate placing research in the public arena and the creation of work that is useful for public policy makers. Existing literature indicates some approaches that have bearing on these goals, such as using participatory action research, clarifying positionality, and attending to the nature of discourse. It does not, however, generally offer empirical cases of addressing the goals being advocated. This article narrates an experience of a collaborative effort among two institutes for research on women and a community funding agency as they created and disseminated research aiming to influence public opinion and foster advocacy in support of policies to improve women’s lives. Among the issues addressed are the importance of networking, of identifying effective partners, of adapting research to incorporate the priorities of stakeholders, and of engaging the support of media professionals. It discusses barriers encountered, strategies adopted to address them, and compromises in the process.
Fashioning Theory: A Critical Discussion of the Symbolic Interactionist Theory of Fashion

This essay responds to the symbolic interactionist theory of fashion by Kaiser, Nagasawa, and Hutton in terms of fashion history research, theory construction, and interdisciplinary investigation o...
Evaluation of the incidence and risk factors for development of fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity

Background Fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity has been described in two randomized controlled trials and several observational studies. However, little is known regarding its incidence and the population(s) at risk. Objective This study aims to quantify the incidence and identify potential risk factors for development of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving fenofibrate. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted in the South Texas Veterans Health Care System. Data were collected regarding baseline demographics, concurrent medical conditions, medications, laboratory results, and fenofibrate use. Results Within 6 months after initiation of fenofibrate in 428 patients, 115 (27%) experienced an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL. Any renal disease ( P = .001), chronic kidney disease ( P = .01), and diabetes ( P = .02) were significantly more prevalent in patients with fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity. Patients with nephrotoxicity had significantly greater serum creatinine (1.2 [SD 0.3] vs. 1.1 mg/dL [SD 0.3], P = .0002) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (72 [SD 20] vs 81 mL/min/1.73m 2 [SD 20], P P = .0003), furosemide ( P = .02), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( P = .02). The incidence of nephrotoxicity was significantly greater in patients initiated on high-dose versus those on low-dose fenofibrate ( P = .002). In a multivariable regression model, renal disease ( P = .02), high-dose fenofibrate ( P = .001), and dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker use ( P = .02) were determined to be independent predictors of development of increased serum creatinine on fenofibrate. Conclusion This observational study suggests fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity occurs more frequently than previously reported, particularly in patients with renal disease and in those receiving high-dose fenofibrate or concomitant calcium channel blockers.
Correlation between individual waves in a real sea state

The correlation between individual waves in a real sea state has a central role in existing theories of wave grouping. The attractive Kimura (1980) theory has two critical assumptions, that the sequence of individual wave heights follows a Markov process and that the joint distribution of consecutive wave heights follows a bivariate Rayleigh form. Analysis of measured water surface records suggests that sequences of individual waves can reasonably be described as a first order mixed autoregressive, moving-average or ARMA process, though a distinction among ARMA (1,0), ARMA (0,1) and ARMA (1,1) models was beyond the resolution of the data. These include the Markov or ARMA (1,0) model. The decisive detail, the joint distribution of consecutive wave heights in the sea state, was evaluated by a simulation methodology that is consistent with the Gaussian random wave model. The estimates are dependent on spectral shape and are consistently narrower and more sharply focussed at the peak than the corresponding bivariate Rayleigh estimate. The resulting predictions of run and group length statistics differ from the Kimura theory, though not by a sufficient margin to displace the Kimura theory as a pragmatic choice for wave grouping.
Improved colorimetric procedure for quantitating N-carbamoyl-β-alanine with minimum dihydrouracil interference

Abstract After modifying the Prescott-Jones colorimetric method for carbamoyl compound determination, it was possible to measure the concentration of N -carbamoyl-β-alanine (β-ureidopropionate) with little interference from its metabolic precursor, dihydrouracil. Color formation at 70°C was linear with respect to N -carbamoyl-β-alanine up to a concentration of 0.07 m m .
Antifungal Traits of a 14 kDa Maize Kernel Trypsin Inhibitor Protein in Transgenic Cotton

ABSTRACT Transgenic cotton plants expressing the maize kernel trypsin inhibitor protein (TIP) were produced and evaluated for antifungal traits. This 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor protein has been previously associated with resistance to aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. Successful transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and expression of trypsin inhibitor was demonstrated by PCR and Northern analysis, respectively. Proteins extracted from cottonseed and leaf tissues of transgenic plants were separated using SDS-PAGE, and it indicated the presence of a 15–16 kDa protein in transgenic tissues as compared to control. Only transgenic cottonseed tissue reacted with the TIP antibody, indicating the expression in cottonseed. No cross-reaction to the TIP antibody was detected from leaf extracts, indicating the TIP was either not expressed or expressed at a level too low to be detected by Western blot. Crude leaf extracts from transgenic cotton plants did not show significant control of colonies ...
Image Processing Software For Imaging Spectrometry

The paper presents a software system, Spectral Analysis Manager (SPAM), which has been specifically designed and implemented to provide the exploratory analysis tools necessary for imaging spectrometer data, using only modest computational resources. The basic design objectives are described as well as the major algorithms designed or adapted for high-dimensional images. Included in a discussion of system implementation are interactive data display, statistical analysis, image segmentation and spectral matching, and mixture analysis.
A resonant biaxial Helmholtz coil employing a fractal capacitor bank

The design and construction of a series resonant biaxial Helmholtz coil for the production of magnetic fields as large as 500 G in the range of 100–2500 Hz is described. Important aspects of ac coil design are discussed, including: minimizing power losses due to the expected Joule heating, self-induced eddy currents, and skin resistance; controlling the stray capacitance; maximizing field homogeneity; and keeping peak voltages at acceptable levels. The design and construction of a computer-controlled, optically isolated fractal capacitor bank is then treated, and various aspects of capacitor selection and characterization were discussed. The system performance is demonstrated, including stability and the possibility of field component dephasing with typical magnetic samples.
Antisense galectin-3 alters thymidine incorporation in human MDA-MB435 breast cancer cells

Galectin-3 is a 30-kDa galactose-binding protein member of the galectin family. Galectin-3 is involved in multiple intracellular and extracellular biological functions, e.g. interactions with laminin and with nucleic acids. This latter property is consistent with the presence of 3. serum-response factor-like domain at the amino-terminal part of the protein. Galectin-3 expression is upregulated during serum-mediated induction of proliferation. In order to examine the role of galectin-3 in breast cancer cell proliferation, we examined in this study the influence of antisense galectin-3 complementary DNA stable transfection on the in vitro thymidine incorporation of human breast cancer MDA-MB435 cells. Two stable transfectants, clones 5.24 and 5.29, were selected based both on the presence of a complete CMV promoter-antisense galectin-3 cDNA cassette as assayed by polymerase chain reaction, and on efficient down-regulation of galectin-3 protein expression as determined by Western blotting. Thymidine incorporation experiments showed that both clones were characterized by significantly decreased values of DNA incorporation compared to wild-type transfectants (55 to 68%, and 71 to 82% of the control clone values). Our data demonstrate for the first time that galectin-3 decreases thymidine incorporation in breast cancer cells. The mechanism underlying this property of galectin-3 and its importance during breast cancer development remain to be elucidated.
Trace gas emissions from the production and use of domestic biofuels in Zambia measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

[1] Domestic biomass fuels (biofuels) were recently estimated to be the second largest source of carbon emissions from global biomass burning. Wood and charcoal provide approximately 90% and 10% of domestic energy in tropical Africa. In September 2000, we used open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy to quantify 18 of the most abundant trace gases emitted by wood and charcoal cooking fires and an earthen charcoal-making kiln in Zambia. These are the first in situ measurements of an extensive suite of trace gases emitted by tropical biofuel burning. We report emission ratios (ER) and emission factors (EF) for (in order of abundance) carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), ethene (C2H4), ammonia (NH3), acetylene (C2H2), nitric oxide (NO), ethane (C2H6), phenol (C6H5OH), propene (C3H6), formic acid (HCOOH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), and furan (C4H4O). Compared to previous work, our emissions of organic acids and NH3 are 3–6.5 times larger. Another significant finding is that reactive oxygenated organic compounds account for 70–80% of the total nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC). For most compounds, the combined emissions from charcoal production and charcoal burning are larger than the emissions from wood fires by factors of 3–10 per unit mass of fuel burned and ∼2 per unit energy released. We estimate that Zambian savanna fires produce more annual CO2, HCOOH, and NOx than Zambian biofuel use by factors of 2.5, 1.7, and 5, respectively. However, biofuels contribute larger annual emissions of CH4, CH3OH, C2H2, CH3COOH, HCHO, and NH3 by factors of 5.1, 3.9, 2.7, 2.4, 2.2, and 2.0, respectively. Annual CO and C2H4 emissions are approximately equal from both sources. Coupling our data with recent estimates of global biofuel consumption implies that global biomass burning emissions for several compounds are significantly larger than previously reported. Biofuel emissions are produced year-round, disperse differently than savanna fire emissions, and could strongly impact the tropical troposphere.
Scattering from elongated objects: Direct solution in O(N log2 N) operations

A recursive algorithm is presented for analysing TM and TE plane-wave scattering from two-dimensional elongated objects. The computational complexity and the memory requirements of the algorithm are O(N log2N) and O(N log N), respectively. The algorithm is based on the concept of a reduced representation and fast computation of fields that are radiated by quasialigned sources. While many existing fast algorithms for analysing electromagnetic scattering problems rely on iterative strategies, the proposed algorithm provides a direct solution to the scattering problem. The algorithm has a variety of potential applications, including the analysis of scattering from truncated and quasiperiodic structures, winglike structures, phased-array antennas and rough surfaces.
Oscillatory zoning in garnet from the Willsboro Wollastonite Skarn, Adirondack Mts, New York: a record of shallow hydrothermal processes preserved in a granulite facies terrane

Oscillatory zoning in low d 18 O skarn garnet from the Willsboro wollastonite deposit, NE Adirondack Mts, NY, USA, preserves a record of the temporal evolution of mixing hydrothermal fluids from different sources. Garnet with oscillatory zoning are large (1-3 cm diameter) euhedral crystals that grew in formerly fluid filled cavities. They contain millimetre-scale oscillatory zoning of varying grossular- andradite composition (XAdr ! 0.13-0.36). The d 18 O values of the garnet zones vary from 0.80 to 6.26& VSMOW and correlate with XAdr. The shape, pattern and number of garnet zones varies from crystal to crystal, as does the magnitude of the correlated chemistry changes, suggesting fluid system variability, temporal and⁄or spatial, over the time of garnet growth. The zones of correlated Fe content and d 18 O indicate that a high Fe 3+ ⁄Al, high d 18 O fluid mixed with a lower Fe 3+ ⁄Al and d 18 O fluid. The high d 18 O, Fe enriched fluids were likely magmatic fluids expelled from crystallizing anorthosite. The low d 18 O fluids were meteoric in origin. These are the first skarn garnet with oscillatory zoning reported from granulite facies rocks. Geo- chronologic, stable isotope, petrologic and field evidence indicates that the Adirondacks are a poly- metamorphic terrane, where localized contact metamorphism around shallowly intruded anorthosite was followed by a regional granulite facies overprint. The growth of these garnet in equilibrium with meteoric and magmatic fluids indicates an origin in the shallow contact aureole of the anorthosite prior to regional metamorphism. The zoning was preserved due to the slow diffusion of oxygen and cations in the large garnet and protection from deformation and recrystallization in zones of low strain in thick, rigid, garnetite layers. The garnet provide new information about the hydrothermal system adjacent to the shallowly intruded massif anorthosite that predates regional metamorphism in this geologically complex, polymetamorphic terrane.
Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Constructs Using Composite Hyaluronic Acid/Collagen I Hydrogels and Designed Poly(Propylene Fumarate) Scaffolds

Our approach to cartilage tissue-engineering scaffolds combines image-based design and solid free-form (SFF) fabrication to create load-bearing constructs with user-defined parameters. In this stud...
Microscopic Dynamics of the Orientation of a Hydrated Nanoparticle in an Electric Field

We use atomistic simulations to study the orientational dynamics of a nonpolar nanoparticle suspended in water and subject to an electric field. Because of the molecular-level effects we describe, the torque exerted on the nanoparticle exceeds continuum-electrostatics-based estimates by about a factor of 2. The reorientation time of a 16.2 x 16.2 x 3.35 A(3) nanoparticle in a field |E| > 0.015 V/A is an order of magnitude less than the field-free orientational time (approximately 1 ns). Surprisingly, the alignment speed is nearly independent of the nanoparticle size in this regime. These findings are relevant for design of novel nanostructures and sensors and development of nanoengineering methods.
A meta-analysis of word-finding treatments for aphasia

Background: The research literature on treatment methods for word-finding deficits in aphasia is extensive. A meta-analysis of studies for word-finding therapy was conducted in order to objectively synthesise this information to answer large-scale questions of treatment efficacy. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of various treatment approaches for word-finding deficits for individuals with aphasia. This analysis also examined gains made to trained and untrained words, the level of maintenance after therapy, and the effect of the time post-onset of aphasia on the recovery of language function. Methods & Procedures: Various search methods were used to gather anomia treatment studies for this analysis. From 44 studies, 107 effect sizes were calculated for the final analysis. These data were sorted according to the following moderator variables: treatment category (semantic, phonological, or mixed), word set (trained, exposed-related, exposed-unrelated, unexposed-unrelated, and unex...
Additions to the silicified upper devonian/lower carboniferous flora from ballyheigue, Ireland

Abstract Continuing study of the uppermost Devonian flora from Ballyheigue, County Kerry, Ireland (Tn1a-Tn1b) has resulted in the addition of four taxa. Two plants, Tristichia sp. and cf. Tetrastichia bupatides, are described for the first time from Ireland. Tetrastichia also occurs in Scotland and Tristichia has been described from Scotland and France. New genera include Kerryoxylon hexalobatum gen. et sp. nov. (called “Plant A” in a previous paper), a probable lyginopterid pteridosperm, and Rhizoxylon ambiguum gen. et sp. nov., a new organ genus for seed fern roots similar to Kaloxylon.
Developmental genetics of a recessive allele at the complex t-locus in the mouse.

Abstract The lethal alleles t4 and t9 at the T-locus on chromosome IX of the house mouse arose independently in a balanced lethal tailless line. Since they did not show complementation and were found to be indistinguishable genetically as well as in their developmental effects, they are considered to be identical. Mutant homozygous embryos can be recognized histologically soon after implantation, i.e., 6 days after fertilization, and they die between 8 and 9 1 2 days. The abnormal embryos are characterized by over-development and duplications of neural structures in contrast to deficiencies of differentiation of normal mesodermal elements, such as somites. The mutation seems to interfere with normal regulation of the pattern of embryonic differentiation. The disturbance of differentiation is discussed in its potential significance for the analysis of mechanisms of embryonic regulation and genetic control of differentiation in higher organisms.
Meson dynamics and the nuclear many-body problem. II. Finite density Hartree-Fock

The field-theoretic many-nucleon problem is formulated, and an analysis which sums all "uncrossed meson line" diagrams is investigated in detail. The calculation of energy per nucleon, after proper identification of infinite mass renormalization terms, exhibits effects of nuclear recoil, relativistic kinematics, and retardation. Numerical results are presented for $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ mesons, and the nucleon interaction energies obtained are compared with the traditional static limit of infinite nucleon mass.
Focus and the Interpretation of Pitch Accent: Disambiguating Embedded Questions.

It has been suggested that prosodic disambiguation of sentences is largely a matter of prosodic phrasing. Ambiguities can be resolved if a prosodic break aligns with a major syntactic boundary of o...
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome: I. Clinical Findings

• We examined 11 young patients with unilateral ocular findings that included multiple white dots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or the deep retina, vitreal cells, RPE granularity in the macula, reduced visual acuity, electroretinogram (ERG) and early receptor potential (ERP) amplitudes, and fluorescein leakage from disc capillaries and late staining of the RPE. Recovery of visual function included a dramatic improvement in ERG and ERP amplitudes over several weeks. The etiology of this syndrome remains uncertain; there is no definite evidence of systemic involvement.
LWIR QWIP focal plane array mounting with cryogenic optical system

We present progress on developing a mechanical and thermal isolation package for maintaining multi-stage temperature control for various parts of a dewar package. Our long-wave QWIP focal plane is maintained at 40K while our optics package, which is at close proximity (~2mm) to the FPA, is maintained at 80K. Radiative baffling is controlled at acceptable levels using high conductance heat sinks, while conductance loads are minimized using proper insulating materials (polyimide synthetics) in combination with materials to preserve high structural stiffness (titanium, invar). Furthermore, the optics package is held at low cryogenic temperatures only ~ 6mm from the ZnSe dewar window. An effort is made to keep the complete electro-optical system at these low temperatures independently using only a single 10W low EM-noise closed cycle cryocooler. Proper geometry is defined which takes into account thermal symmetries and mechanical structural stability, while maintaining the necessary external 300K heat sinks. Both conductance and radiative loading on the opto-mechanical structure are examined using finite element analysis and proper heat sinking is established to thermally isolate the optics within the dewar jacket while maintaining proper structural stability. A custom LCC is designed which maximizes the thermal expansion budget between the FPA and optics package, while necessary structural mounting of the electronics boards are coupled with the dewar coldfinger.
Some Characteristics of A-C Conductor Corona

Corona discharges from a-c conductors are characterized by marked polarity effects. The most pronounced electrical polarity effect is the sudden burst of negative corona current each cycle, which sets up high frequency oscillations that produce electromagnetic radiation throughout the radio frequency spectrum. Polished and smooth weathered cables produce such radiation only during negative half cycles; mutilated and contaminated conductors produce it during both positive and negative half cycles under some conditions. An experimental investigation of these effects is described in this paper.
Synthesis of polydeuterated benzothiazoles via supercritical deuteration of anilines

2-[ 2 H]Benzothiazole, readily available according to the literature, was observed to undergo slow isotope exchange in water. This necessitated development of practical syntheses for benzothiazoles carrying deuterium labels in positions other than 2. [4,5,6,7- 2 H 4 ]Benzothiazole and 4-[ 2 H 3 ]methyl[5,6,7- 2 H 3 ]benzothiazole were prepared in good yields from [ 2 H 7 ]aniline and 2-[ 2 H 9 ]toluidine, which were obtained by novel rapid isotope exchange in supercritical deuterium oxide.
Element pool changes within a scrub-oak ecosystem after 11 years of exposure to elevated CO2.

The effects of elevated CO2 on ecosystem element stocks are equivocal, in part because cumulative effects of CO2 on element pools are difficult to detect. We conducted a complete above and belowground inventory of non-nitrogen macro- and micronutrient stocks in a subtropical woodland exposed to twice-ambient CO2 concentrations for 11 years. We analyzed a suite of nutrient elements and metals important for nutrient cycling in soils to a depth of ∼2 m, in leaves and stems of the dominant oaks, in fine and coarse roots, and in litter. In conjunction with large biomass stimulation, elevated CO2 increased oak stem stocks of Na, Mg, P, K, V, Zn and Mo, and the aboveground pool of K and S. Elevated CO2 increased root pools of most elements, except Zn. CO2-stimulation of plant Ca was larger than the decline in the extractable Ca pool in soils, whereas for other elements, increased plant uptake matched the decline in the extractable pool in soil. We conclude that elevated CO2 caused a net transfer of a subset of nutrients from soil to plants, suggesting that ecosystems with a positive plant growth response under high CO2 will likely cause mobilization of elements from soil pools to plant biomass.
Evaluation of topological formulas using digital computers

Recently Chan and Chan modified the formulas of Mayeda and Seshu for digital computation using nine sets of trees for obtaining all the necessary factors in the expressions. In addition, a tree-finding algorithm is developed for computing all trees of a network without duplication.
Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: Nicotine and cotinine levels and fetal effects

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether nicotine patch therapy for pregnant women smokers acutely compromises fetal well-being and (2) to determine the serum and urine nicotine and cotinine levels in pregnant women while smoking, while abstinent from smoking, and while receiving nicotine patch therapy compared with levels in a historical control group of nonpregnant women smokers who abstained from smoking while receiving comparable doses of nicotine patch therapy. Study Design: Pregnant cigarette smokers (n = 21) aged ≥18 years whose fetuses were beyond 24 weeks’ gestational age were recruited for this 1-sample, repeated-measures study. Serial measurements of the mother and fetus were made at baseline while the mother was smoking, while abstaining from smoking, and while using nicotine patch therapy for 4 days in a special care hospital unit. Nonpregnant women smokers of similar age were used for comparison. Morning and afternoon serum and 24-hour urine levels of nicotine and cotinine were obtained during hospitalization. Indicators of fetal well-being assessed were fetal heart rate and reactivity, systolic/diastolic ratio of blood flow in the umbilical artery, and fetal activity seen on ultrasonography and quantitated as biophysical profiles. Results: No evidence of fetal compromise was seen during the inpatient phase while nicotine patch therapy was administered. Steady state (inpatient day 4) serum levels of nicotine were similar to smoking levels and to those seen in historical control subjects (ie, nonpregnant women of child-bearing age who were abstinent from smoking and who used the same nicotine patch). Morning serum cotinine levels were significantly higher ( P = .038) in the nonpregnant subjects than in the pregnant subjects, whereas afternoon levels were not significantly different. Steady state urinary levels of nicotine and cotinine were also not significantly different in pregnant versus nonpregnant patients. On inpatient days 2, 3, and 4, when the women were not smoking and were wearing the nicotine patch, the morning fetal heart rates were significantly reduced relative to baseline when the subjects were smoking. Conclusions: Nicotine patch therapy was not found to be associated with indications of fetal compromise during the in-hospital phase of nicotine patch therapy in pregnant smokers who were abstaining. Although not conclusive because of the small sample sizes, serum nicotine levels (morning and afternoon) appear similar in pregnant and nonpregnant subjects and similar for both groups when smoking (baseline) as compared to the steady state of nicotine patch use. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:736-43.)
Recent Advances in Analytical Emission Spectroscopy

This review covers the significant developments in analytical emission spectroscopy which have occurred in the past year.
Pluripotential amino acids I. ()--dihydroxyborylphenylalanine (-Bph) as a precursor of -Phe and -Tyr containing peptides; specific tritiation of -Phe-containing peptides at a final step in synthesis

Abstract p -Dihydroxyborylphenylalanine has been resolved and incorporated into simple di and tripeptides; treatment of these with hydrogen peroxide or diammino silver salts results respectively in formation of tyrosine and phenylalanine peptides.
Distal femoral fractures: Current treatment, results and problems

The evolution of treatment for supracondylar femoral fractures has sequentially addressed the difficulties of alignment, articular reduction, stabilization and fracture union. Adequate surgical stabilization and early motion diminished stiffness, while newer indirect techniques in handling periarticular tissues have greatly improved union rates. Indirect methods of reduction require an understanding of anatomy and deformity to avoid malalignment. The problems we currently face are fixation in osteoporotic bone or small distal articular segments.
Nonlinear effects in the damping of third-sound pulses

We show that nonlinearities in the equations of motion for a third-sound pulse in a thick superfluid film lead to the production of short-wavelength solitons. The soliton damping arises from viscous stresses in the film, rather than from coupling to thermal currents in the vapor and the substrate, as in the hydrodynamic regime. These solitons are more strongly damped than a long-wavelength third-sound wave and lead to a larger attenuation of the pulse. We show that this mechanism can account for the discrepancy between attenuation calculated theoretically for the long-wavelength limit and the experimentally observed attenuation of low-amplitude third-sound pulses.
One-way autocompensating quantum cryptography via auto-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-converstion

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An active terahertz magneto-plasmonic device based on a cobalt aperture array

We demonstrate the ability to control the transmission of freely propagating terahertz radiation using a magnetic field. This is accomplished using a periodic array of subwavelength apertures fabricated in a free-standing metal foil coated in cobalt. Using a transverse magnetic field that corresponds to the Voigt geometry, we observe a quadratic change in the terahertz amplitude as a function of the applied magnetic field and dramatically larger than the response observed in any equivalent structure at optical frequencies.