cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cardiovascular Hybrid Room

The last few years have seen a paradigm shift in the treatment of cardiovascular-related diseases from once traditional open surgical modalities to the entire cardiovascular tree being amenable to percutaneous interventions. The tremendous advances in transcatheter endovascular procedures currently been applied to the heart and the peripheral vasculature have resulted in a treatment paradigm shift in the care of the cardiovascular patient. These changing winds in the treatment of cardiovascular disease require that a new type of cardiovascular specialist code named the cardiovascular hybrid surgeon be trained to perform to provide seamless care in providing both endovascular and open surgical procedures to this increasingly complex group of patients.
Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance

Endogenous circadian (from Latin for about a day) rhythmicity in neurobehavioral and affective variables has been successfully identified using a wide array of measures, including self-report, behavioral tasks, electroencephalographic and ocular measures, and neuroimaging. The observed effects are also influenced by a homeostatic drive for sleep, which has complicated research targeting circadian rhythms. There are consistent interindividual and intraindividual differences in the circadian pacemaker, some of which have been identified using neuroimaging and genetic techniques. Disruption of the circadian clock occurs particularly in cases of jet lag, night shift work, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and can lead to increased risks for workplace and transportation accidents.
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases as Clues to Establishment of the Genetic Code

Aminoaql-tRNA synthetases catalyze the specific aminoacylation of tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, thus establishing the rules of the genetic code. The enzymes are universally distributed, and their sequences and structures reveal that the majority of them were established by the time of the divergence of archaeal and bacterial organisms, over 3000 millions years ago.
Some Optical Properties of Fullerenes

In this paper I will try to understand some of the optical properties of Fullerenes using a simple model 1,2 More precisely, I will consider C60 only but I believe similar considerations can be applied to C70. The primary physical assumption of this work is that C60 and conducting polymers share many common interesting properties. For me, the physical fact underlying this assumption is the two bond lengths present3 in Cin60, dimerisation in the context of conducting polymers.
Segmentectomy versus lobectomy in patients with stage I pulmonary carcinoma: Five-year survival and patterns of intrathoracic recurrence

One hundred seventy-three patients with stage I (T1 NO, T2 NO) non-small-cell lung cancer underwent either a segmental pulmonary resection (n = 68) or lobectomy (n =105) from 1980 to 1988. Four patients were lost to follow-up, but the remaining 169 patients were followed up for 5 years. Survival and the prevalence of local/regional recurrence were assessed. Although no survival advantage of lobectomy over segmental resection was noted for patients with tumors 3.0 cm in diameter or smaller, a survival advantage was apparent for patients undergoing lobectomy for tumors larger than 3.0 cm. The rate of local/regional recurrence was 22.7 % (15/66) after segmental resection versus 4.9% (5/103) after lobectomy. A review of histologic tumor type, original tumor diameter, and segment resccted revealed no risk factors that were predictive of recurrence. An additional resection for recurrence was performed in four patients. Lobectomy is the preferred operative procedure for patients with stage I tumors larger than 3.0 cm. Because the rate of local/regional recurrence was high after segmental resections, diligent follow-up of these patients is mandatory.
Correction: Multiscale analysis of a regenerative therapy for treatment of volumetric muscle loss injury.

Correction to: Cell Death and Discovery (2018) 4, 33; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-018-0027-8 ; published online 20 February 2018.
Mechanisms of status epilepticus: α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor hypothesis

Prolonged seizures of status epilepticus (SE) result from failure of mechanisms of seizure termination or activation of mechanisms that sustain seizures. Reduced γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission contributes to impairment of seizure termination. However, mechanisms that sustain prolonged seizures are not known. We propose that insertion of GluA1 subunits at the glutamatergic synapses causes potentiation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor (AMPAR)-mediated neurotransmission, which helps to spread and sustain seizures. The AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission of CA1 pyramidal neurons was increased in animals in SE induced by pilocarpine. The surface membrane expression of GluA1 subunit-containing AMPARs on CA1 pyramidal neurons was also increased. Blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors 10 minutes after the onset of continuous electrographic seizure activity prevented the increase in the surface expression of GluA1 subunits. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 in conjunction with diazepam also terminated seizures that were refractory to MK-801 or diazepam alone. Future studies using mice lacking the GluA1 subunit expression will provide further insights into the role of GluA1 subunit-containing AMPAR plasticity in sustaining seizures of SE.
Anesthesia for Non-obstetric Surgery

This chapter discusses the risks of surgery to the fetus. It also discusses the effects of anesthesia on the fetus.
Beur Travel Writing: Tassadit Imache’s Algerie

Tassadit Imache's Algerie critically engages the imperial stylistics of classic travel writing and refigures the dominant conceptions of French national identity by situating the origins of contemporary France in Algeria. This narrative also offers new possibilities for the postcolonial politics of subjectivity and representation: a politics (and poetics) of cross-cultural encounters, that goes beyond the return of the gaze by the dominated/resistant historical subject envisioned at the conclusion of Mary Louise Pratt's Imperial Eyes. Resistant historical subjects and Westerners at the same time, beurs as traveling narrators embody a possibility of a different gaze, and a different kind of recognition, across the colonial/postcolonial gap.
A Grounded Theory of Experiential Group Training of School Counselors to Engage in Psychoeducational Group Lessons With First-In-Family Students

This study reports a qualitative grounded-theory investigation that explored school counselor trainees’ experiences engaging in psychoeducational group lessons with first-generation college-going (...
Service innovation is urgent in healthcare

Healthcare is a service setting where meeting the needs of customers (patients and their families) is uniquely challenging. But the necessity, complexity, cost, and high-emotion nature of the service, as well as technological advances and competitive dynamics in the industry, make the imperative for service innovation in healthcare especially urgent. Forward-thinking healthcare institutions around the United States are succeeding in establishing a value-creating innovation culture and in implementing operational and strategic service innovations that benefit them and their stakeholders. They view continuous innovation as a non-negotiable goal, prize institutional self-confidence, and include patients and families on the innovation team. Cancer care, in particular, faces a pressing need for service innovation, and some progressive oncology centers are demonstrating what is possible to improve the patient and family service experience. The imperatives, now, are for service innovation to become part of the fabric of how all healthcare institutions, not just the groundbreakers discussed in this article, operate—and for academics in the field of marketing to play a crucial role in that effort.
History Repeats Itself: Some New Faces Behind Sex Trafficking Are More Familiar Than You Think

Society is rightly outraged to see America's dark history of slavery repeat itself in the form of human trafficking. However, society should be equally concerned about the new face of those who support human trafficking: components of mainstream corporate America. A review of the relevant history of antebellum slavery reveals that one reason why antebellum slavery continued as long as it did was because of the support it received from economic interests that benefited directly and indirectly from the exploitation. Sadly, that reality is once again apparent today as human trafficking thrives in the world in part because it is profitable to the traffickers and others. It is so profitable that legitimate businesses that benefit from it'or from the structures that allow it to thrive'are willing to tolerate it and actively thwart efforts to end human trafficking. This Essay examines these historical parallels and advocates that human trafficking cannot be defeated until such entities are willing to place human beings above profits.
International Procurement Developments in 2018: The United States in International Procurement -- Understanding a Pause in the Trump Administration's Protectionism

As the Trump administration came of age in 2018, two distinct developments marked the United States’ involvement in international procurement. First, to the surprise of many, and despite a wave of other U.S. protectionist measures aimed at strategic sectors such as steel and aluminum, the Trump administration did not press forward aggressively on its promised “Buy American” initiatives in procurement. Second, the Trump administration remained largely silent on an arguably protectionist initiative in the European Union, the European Defense Fund, which gained ground in one of the United States’ most important defense markets abroad. To address these two aspects of U.S. policy, this piece proceeds in five parts. Part I reviews the Trump administration’s failure to move forward on the protectionist measures President Trump called for in the early days of his administration. In Part II, the piece discusses one of the possible causes for the Trump administration’s reluctance to press for protectionism: a significant setback in the NAFTA/USMCA negotiations, which may narrow the administration’s options going forward. Part III reviews other potential causes for the Trump administration’s shift away from protectionism in procurement, including competing strategic concerns, new U.S. data on the relatively small threat posed by procurement from abroad, and data from Europe which confirm that U.S. exporters have much to lose were the European Union to take a retaliatory stance in European procurement markets. Finally, Part IV reviews the European Defense Fund, an initiative which surged forward in 2018 and which threatens to exclude U.S. defense companies from important opportunities in Europe, despite reciprocal defense procurement agreements which guarantee open markets in defense and -- again surprisingly -- with no loud objections from the Trump administration. Part V offers concluding remarks and a potential way forward.
3D Post Procedural Masking Technique to Improve Visibility of Small Lymph Node in Nuclear Medicine SPECT/CT Exams

2022 Objectives: Lymphoscintigraphy of head and neck can pose some challenges for interpreting physicians. The hot injection site and associated “star artifact” can cause the LUT to be scaled in such a way that lower activity lesions are not visible, because of the extremely high counts emitted from the injection site. The sentential lymph node (SNL) on the other hand, usually contains less activity and emits lower counts, leading to them becoming “hidden”. Following removal of the injection site through digital masking, the renormalized image data permit these lesions to be seen quite easily, even though the underlying counts have not changed. To determine whether 3D digital masking improves detection of sentinel lymph node on head/neck SPECT/CT exams in the cancer patients. Materials and Methods: SPECT/CT is performed on Siemens’s Symbia Intevo camera. The software is processed on Siemen’s Syngo application. SPECT/CT:  30 sec/ view  48 views  Collimator: LEHR  Matrix: 128x128  Orbit: Non Circular  Mode: Step and shoot  1.0 Zoom  Care Dose4D-For CT  Slice 5mm Masking: ROIs were drawn manually in all 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) over the hottest site (usually injection site for lymphoscintigraphy) and removed from the image data. Following this digital masking, the image LUT (lookup table) scale (gray or color) was re-normalized by the application software. Three board certified nuclear medicine physicians reviewed the pairs of SPECT/CT exams and compared them to determine if the masking operation affected their interpretation. Results: Forty consecutive patients who underwent SPECT/CT of head and neck lymphoscintigraphy from 09/01/2017 - 12/31/2018 were included. In all 40 patients, the images in which an injection site hot spot was digitally removed improved the conspicuity of nearby nodes containing lower activity. Measured counts generally stayed the same with and without masking (<2 cts difference) but the renormalized LUT significantly changed the visibility of small lesions after the injection site was digitally removed by using the masking technique. Conclusions: Digital masking has improved contrast resolution and sentinel lymph node detection significantly in H/N lymphoscintigraphy. Future studies will compare SPECT/CT with digital masking to PET/CT.
Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: What You Need To Know

Abstract Aspergillosis is one of the most common fungal infections. The predominant cause of aspergillosis is the species Aspergillus fumigatus. There have been increasing reports of A. fumigatus isolates that are resistant to azole antifungals. The predominant causes of this resistance are environmentally acquired mutations in the target gene, CYP51A, known as TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A. They consist of a tandem repeat in the promoter region (TR) and one or two amino acid changes in the protein sequence, respectively. Unfortunately, the capacity in the United States for mold antifungal susceptibility testing is limited, so the extent of azole resistance in clinical practice is largely unknown. This review discusses the causes and implications of azole-resistant A. fumigatus and the role that antifungal susceptibility testing might play in its identification.
The Context of Responsiveness: Resident Preferences, Water Scarcity, and Municipal Conservation Policy

The extent to which municipal policy is determined by the preferences of residents is a topic of growing importance. Recent work on the subject has challenged conventional wisdom and found that municipal policy is often, but not always, responsive to the ideology of residents. This paper takes up an important potential implication of these findings, exploring how resident ideology may interact with issue severity in the adoption of municipal policy. Hypotheses suggest that resident preferences will have the greatest effect in the presence of high issue severity and that issue severity will have the largest impact when residents have ideological preferences in line with policy solutions. I test hypotheses using municipal water rates, with models showing that the effects of resident ideology and water scarcity interact with each other to influence water conservation policy. 自治区政策在多大程度上由居民偏好所决定，这是一个越来越重要的话题。近期有关该主题的研究挑战了传统看法，发现自治区政策时常对其居民的思想予以响应。本文从这些研究发现的一个潜在意义出发，探究在采纳自治区政策时居民思想可能如何与议题严重性产生相互影响。假设认为，居民偏好将在议题严重性较高时发挥最大效果，并且议题严重性将在居民思想偏好与政策解决措施相一致时发挥最大影响。我以自治区水费为例检验了假设，模型显示，居民思想和水资源匮乏二者产生相互作用，进而影响节水政策。 La medida en que la politica municipal esta determinada por las preferencias de los residentes es un tema de creciente importancia. El trabajo reciente sobre el tema ha desafiado la sabiduria convencional y ha encontrado que la politica municipal a menudo, pero no siempre, responde a la ideologia de sus residentes. Este documento aborda una importante implicacion potencial de estos hallazgos, explorando como la ideologia de los residentes puede interactuar con la gravedad del problema en la adopcion de la politica municipal. Las hipotesis sugieren que las preferencias de los residentes tendran el mayor efecto en presencia de una alta gravedad del problema y que la gravedad del problema tendra el mayor impacto cuando los residentes tengan preferencias ideologicas en linea con las soluciones politicas. Pruebo hipotesis utilizando tarifas de agua municipales, con modelos que muestran que los efectos de la ideologia de los residentes y la escasez de agua interactuan entre si para influir en la politica de conservacion del agua.
Composite Laminate Design for Improved Open-Hole Compression Strength using Non-Standard Ply Angles and Customized Stacking Sequences Characterized by [D] Matrix

Abstract The conventional design of composite laminates underutilizes the large design space available due to stacking sequences and ply angles. This paper studies the use of non-standard ply angles and customized stacking sequences by placing higher-angle plies on the surface for reduced ply thickness and increased open-hole compression strength. Tests show non-standard angle designs at matched in-plane stiffness improve failure strength as compared to standard angle wing-skin laminates when subject to a small load misalignment. Customized stacking sequences improve the strength of both standard and non-standard angle designs, the improvement of which linearly decreases by having the lower ply angle on the surface. The results match predictions derived from the [D] matrix.
“S” is for “Seriously?” The Staritskii Plots as “Disorienting Defense”

The role of the succession question in court politics during the reign of Ivan iv has been a recurrent theme in Muscovite historiography, with particular focus on the “dynastic crisis” of 1553 as the first in a series of plots by Ivan’s cousin Vladimir Staritskii to gain the throne. But the true instigator, according to our sole source (interpolations in the Tsarstvennaia kniga segment of the Illuminated Chronicle), was Vladimir’s mother Evfrosin’ia. Somehow she was behind all the treasonous plots involving her son, and indirectly a guiding force behind all Ivan’s problems with disloyalty among the Muscovite elite. How she managed this is not at all clear, given the circumscribed role of women in Muscovy and her own absence from the capital. But the internal logic of the narrative clearly had a powerful appeal, and her image as the wicked witch of Muscovite domestic politics became the basis of “alternative facts” that have deflected historians from considering other explanations of Ivan’s dealings with his court.
Physics of Super Pulses in Storage Ring Free-Electron Lasers

In contrast with wide spread perception, storage ring free-electron laser with substantial net gain can operate with peak power reaching GW level in so-called Super-pulse mode. Effective harmonics generation (with wavelength tuneable from 63 nm to 140 nm) in the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL, reported at this conference, are direct consequences of Super Pulses. In this paper, we briefly discuss physics of the Super-pulses and nature of effects responsible for this phenomenon. PACS codes: 41.60.Cr, 29.20D, 78.66, 52.75
Establishing a detection model data attacks in power distribution system

The safe operation of smart distribution network is highly dependent on the powerful technical guarantee provided by the function of information link, which makes the network vulnerable to the threat of malicious data injection and other network attacks during the operation. In order to ensure that this kind of malicious data injection attack can be detected sensitively in the operation of power grid, this paper proposes a kind of power system state estimation malicious data attack defense model based on historical data. Firstly, the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) network is trained with the historical state quantity to realize the state prediction model. The prediction results are used as a reference, and the deviation between the prediction and the real-time estimate is calculated to break the concealment of malicious data. Simulation results of IEEE33-bus power system verify the accuracy of prediction and the effectiveness of the proposed method for online detection of hidden malicious data.
National trends in substance use treatment admissions for opioid use disorder among adults experiencing homelessness

Abstract Objective People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have high rates of substance use, and homelessness may be an important driver of health disparities in the opioid overdose epidemic. However, few studies focus on homelessness among the opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment population. We examine national-level trends in substance use treatment admissions among PEH with OUD. Methods This study used data from first-time treatment admissions in the United States from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) to examine characteristics and trends of adults experiencing homelessness who entered state-licensed substance use treatment programs for OUD from 2013 to 2017. We used chi-squared analyses to examine changes in characteristics of this population over time and logistic regression to assess characteristics associated with receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among PEH. Results Among all adults with OUD entering specialty treatment from 2013 to 2017, 12.5% reported experiencing homelessness. Compared to individuals not experiencing homelessness, PEH were more likely to be male, inject opioids, use cocaine or methamphetamine, and enter into residential detoxification treatment. PEH were less likely to enter outpatient treatment or receive MOUD. From 2013 to 2017, significant increases occurred in the proportion of PEH who had co-occurring psychiatric problems and used methamphetamines. Over time, treatment type shifted significantly from residential detoxification to outpatient treatment. Receipt of MOUD increased among PEH over time (13.7% to 25.2%), but lagged behind increases among individuals not experiencing homelessness. Among PEH, being older was associated with receiving MOUD, while concurrent methamphetamine use [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.58, 0.69] and living in the southern United States (AOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.25, 0.30) were associated with not receiving MOUD. Discussion The proportion of PEH with OUD who receive medications as part of treatment increased over time, but three quarters of PEH entering treatment still do not receive this highest standard in evidence-based care. The sharp increase observed in concomitant methamphetamine use in this population is concerning and has implications for treatment.
Optimizing a pellet supply system: Market-specific pellet production with biomass quality considerations

Abstract Renewable energy policies have driven the wood pellet market over the last decades worldwide. Among other factors, the returns from this business depends largely on how well the producers manage the uncertainty associated with biomass yield and quality. To serve this purpose, this study develops a two-stage stochastic programming model that optimizes different critical decisions (e.g., harvesting, storage, transportation, quality inspection, and production decisions) of a biomass-to-pellet supply system under biomass yield and quality uncertainty. The goal is to economically produce pellets while accounting for the different pellet standards set forward by the U.S. and European markets. Due to the difficulty in solving the optimization model in a real-world scenario, we develop a hybrid algorithm that combines Sample Average Approximation with an enhanced Progressive Hedging algorithm. We propose two parallelization schemes to efficiently speed up the convergence of the overall algorithm. We use Mississippi as a testing ground to visualize and validate the performance of the algorithms. Experimental results indicate that the biomass-to-pellet supply system is sensitive to the biomass quality parameters (e.g., ash and moisture contents). Results further reveal that the pellet production can drop up to 13.6% to 48.3%, respectively, if high ash or moisture content is available in the biomass.
Interaction of lignin dimers with model cell membranes: A quartz crystal microbalance and molecular dynamics simulation study.

A study of the interaction between cell membranes and small molecules derived from lignin, a protective phenolic biopolymer found in vascular plants, is crucial for identifying their potential as pharmacological and toxicological agents. In this work, the interactions of model cell membranes [supported 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers] are compared for three βO4 dimers of coniferyl alcohol (G lignin monomer): guaiacylglycerol guaiacol ester with a hydroxypropenyl (HOC3H4-) tail (G-βO4′-G), a truncated GG dimer without HOC3H4- (G-βO4′-truncG), and a benzylated GG dimer (benzG-βO4′-G). The uptake of the lignin dimers (per mass of lipid) and the energy dissipation (a measure of bilayer disorder) are higher for benzG-βO4′-G and G-βO4′-truncG than those for G-βO4′-G in the gel-phase DPPC bilayer, as measured using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). A similar uptake of G-βO4′-truncG is observed for a fluid-phase bilayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, suggesting that the effect of the bilayer phase on dimer uptake is minimal. The effects of increasing lignin dimer concentration are examined through an analysis of density profiles, potential of mean force curves, lipid order parameters, and bilayer area compressibilities (disorder) in the lipid bilayers obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Dimer distributions and potentials of mean force indicate that the penetration into bilayers is higher for benzG-βO4′-G and G-βO4′-truncG than that for G-βO4′-G, consistent with the QCM-D results. Increased lipid tail disorder due to dimer penetration leads to a thinning and softening of the bilayers. Minor differences in the structure of lignin derivatives (such as truncating the hydroxypropenyl tail) have significant impacts on their ability to penetrate lipid bilayers.
The effect of photo-carrier doping on the generation of high harmonics from MoS 2

We report the influence of photo-carrier doping on high-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2 . The observed decrease in efficiency suggests a strong role for interband transitions in mid-IR driven HHG in this prototypical 2D semiconductor.
Implementation of Goals of Care Communication Innovation Among Nursing Homes: A Multiple Case Study Design.

Abstract Objective Nursing homes (NHs) provide care to residents with serious illness and related complex health care needs. As such, discussions about end-of-life care between NH staff and residents and families are necessary to ensure residents receive care consistent with their goals. Interventions such as video decision aids have been developed to promote discussions and improve advance care planning, but few studies have examined how NH characteristics may relate to the implementation of these interventions; such information might lead toward more use of successful interventions. The purpose of this study is to understand NH characteristics that are associated with the implementation of the Goals of Care (GOC) intervention, which combined a video decision aid with a structured discussion to guide decision-making in advanced dementia. Design A multiple case study. Setting and Participants Staff surveys were conducted to examine factors related to implementation effectiveness in 11 NHs in North Carolina that participated in the GOC trial. Methods Questions measured the dependent variable of implementation effectiveness: the consistency and quality of use of the GOC intervention. NH organizational characteristics were measured using publicly available data and an administrator survey. The analysis consisted of pattern matching logic. Results High management support aligned with implementation effectiveness within NHs. In addition, the within case pattern analysis indicated additional characteristics related to implementation effectiveness. Facility size, Medicare beds, residents’ racial composition, and star rating were related to implementation effectiveness across 6 of the 11 NHs. NH financial resources, such as size and number of Medicare beds, may be important factors for successful implementation. Conclusion and Implications NHs seeking to implement advance care planning interventions should focus on within and across NH differences, such as adequate management and financial support prior to implementation to increase the likelihood of implementation effectiveness.
Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Communications

In a direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communications system several asynchronous signals simultaneously occupy the same channel. Each of the signals employs a signature sequence which is selected to have certain desirable correlation properties. For multiple-access communications the primary goal is to be able to separate the spread-spectrum signals at the receiver even though they occupy the same bandwidth at the same time. This problem is considered in the sections which follow for various forms of direct-sequence spread-spectrum modulation including binary phase-shift keying, quadriphase-shift keying, and minimum-shift keying. The emphasis is on the analysis of system performance rather than on the selection of signature sequences. Hence this material complements the recent paper of Sarwate and Pursley (1980) which examines in detail the problem of signature sequence selection.
Last Things First: A Reply to Sutton

Damian Sutton Photography and Cinema from Birth to Death _Film-Philosophy_, vol. 5 no. 8, March 2001
Familial analysis of event related potentials

This report summarizes our analysis of the auditory and visual event related evoked potentials. These data were collected as a component of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism and distributed as a part of the data available for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 11. For this analysis, we collapsed the data collected from eight leads using principal components methods. Using four collapsed variables derived from the principal components, we used regression analysis to adjust for environmental and demographic variables. We then fit the best fitting regression model and calculated the residuals. Using the residuals, we performed segregation analysis using S.A.G.E. Finally, we applied Markov chain Monte Carlo reverse jump methods to identify areas with potential quantitative trait loci. Our findings indicate that there may be an underlying genetic component to the potentials.
Parallel Sorting Algorithms

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a survey on various parallel sorting algorithms. Sorting is a nontrivial problem and has widespread commercial and business applications. Serial algorithms for sorting have been available since the days of punched-card machines. At present, there is a considerable body of literature on serial sorting algorithms. Parallel algorithms for sorting are of a recent origin and came into existence over the past decade. The chapter presents a unified treatment of various parallel sorting algorithms by bringing out clearly the relation between the architecture of parallel computers and the structure of algorithms. In the design of parallel algorithms in general, and of parallel sorting algorithms in particular, two models have been widely used: (1) models based on fixed interconnection networks such as the same or single instruction on multiple data (SIMD) machine mesh-connected network and (2) models based on a global memory, which is shared by various processors. The special-purpose network-sorting algorithms are described. Algorithms for SIMD machines are given.
VTOL controls for shipboard landing

The problem of landing a VTOL aircraft on a small ship in rough seas using an automatic controller is examined. The controller design uses the linear quadratic Gaussian results of modern control theory. Linear time invariant dynamic models are developed for the aircraft, ship, and wave motions. A hover controller commands the aircraft to track position and orientation of the ship deck using only low levels of control power. Commands for this task are generated by the solution of the steady state linear quadratic gaussian regulator problem. Analytical performance and control requirement tradeoffs are obtained. A landing controller commands the aircraft from stationary hover along a smooth, low control effort trajectory, to a touchdown on a predicted crest of ship motion. The design problem is formulated and solved as an approximate finite-time linear quadratic stochastic regulator. Performance and control results are found by Monte Carlo simulations.
Vaginal deliveries during profound curarization.

Abstract The use of curare derivatives as adjuncts to anesthesia in obstetrics has been reported by Whitacre and Fisher 1 and others. 2–12 No instances of infant depression due to curarization have been reported with the therapeutic dosages employed, nor has the postpartum contractility of the uterus been reported as being adversely affected. Neuromuscular blocking of human fetal tissues by curarization has been demonstrated by Buller and Young. 13 Harroun, Beckert, and Fisher 14 reported normal reflex activity in a 4½ months fetus delivered after a thirty-five minute period of apnea in the mother during a curare-nitrous oxide anesthesia, and an uninhibited contractility of the postpartum uterus. On the basis of reported observations the contention that curare does not pass the placental barrier has been widespread. However, it is difficult to accept this concept because of the known placental transmission of other water-soluble drugs and because placental transmission of d-tubocurarine chloride from fetus to mother has been reported in rabbits. 13 Our interest in the use of d-tubocurarine chloride for obstetrical purposes centered on the question of placental transmission of the drug. The purpose of this study was twofold: to observe the clinical effects of d-tubocurarine chloride on infants delivered of profoundly curarized mothers, and to make chemical analyses of the curare content of cord bloods from these infants. Blank values were to be obtained in similar analyses of cord bloods from infants delivered of noncurarized mothers for comparison.
Voice Function Differences Following Resting Breathing Versus Submaximal Exercise

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis There is little known about how physical exercise may alter physiological parameters of voice production. In this investigation, vocal function and upper airway temperature were examined following a bout of submaximal exercise and compared with a resting breathing condition. It was hypothesized that phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and perceived phonatory effort (PPE) would increase and pharyngeal temperature would decrease following an exercise bout. Study Design Using a within-participant repeated measures design, 18 consented participants (nine men and nine women) completed the study. Methods A 20-minute equilibration task was immediately followed by 8 minutes of submaximal exercise on a stationary bike in a thermally neutral environment (25°C/40% RH). At the end of the equilibration trial and the exercise trial, measures were taken in the following order: pharyngeal temperature, PTP, and PPE. Data were analyzed using paired t tests with significance set at P Results Significantly increased PTP and PPE and significantly decreased pharyngeal temperature (1.9°C) were found, supporting the initial hypotheses. Conclusions Findings from this investigation support the widely held belief that voice use associated with physical activity requires additional laryngeal effort and closure forces. The effect of the temperature reduction in the upper airway on voice function requires further study.
Manufacturing unit process life cycle inventories (Uplci)

Tools to make environmentally informed product decisions at the design stage have long been an identified need of the manufacturing community. Potential solutions to address this need have been one of the topics of a series of National Science Foundation funded international workshops in the area of environmentally benign design and manufacture (EBDM). This paper reports one outcome of those workshops and the progress toward the development of a new approach to use manufacturing unit processes as the basis for evaluating environmental impacts at the manufacturing phase of a product's life cycle. The research presented here is funded through a Department of Energy award DOE DE-FG36-08GO88149.
Cell-specific loss of kappa-opioid receptors in oligodendrocytes of the dysmyelinating jimpy mouse.

Abstract Jimpy is a murine mutation in myelin proteolipid protein, leading to premature death of oligodendrocytes and severe central nervous system hypomyelination. Jimpy is a bona fide model of human Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease. This paper describes a severe reduction in expression of κ-opioid receptors (KOP) in oligodendrocytes of jimpy mice. A cell-specific reduction of >90% is apparent by 5 days of age. Expression is not reduced in neurons, and μ-opioid receptor expression is normal. Mechanism(s) leading to deficient KOP expression in jimpy mice remain unclear. We speculate that loss of KOP may be related to increased [Ca 2+ ] i and premature death of jimpy oligodendrocytes.
XPS Studies of Fluorine Bonding in Phosphate Glasses

The F Is spectra from fluorine-containing phosphate glasses provide quantitative information about the nature of fluorine bonding that can be used to test structure-composition models. When fluorine is added to an aluminophosphate base glass, Al-F bonds are initially preferred until all available Al sites are filled, after which additional F replaces P-O-P bonds to form P-F sites. In tin phosphate base glasses, the P-O-P bonds are consumed during the initial stages of fluoridation, followed then by the formation of Sn-F bonds. The structural insight provided by XPS is complementary to that provided by more conventional 'bulk' spectroscopic probes.
In Defense of Self-Defense

Some feminist theorists have argued that emphasizing women's self-defense mistakenly emphasizes women's behavior and choices rather than male aggression as a cause of sexual violence. I argue here that such critiques of self-defense are misguided, and do not sufficiently take into account the ways in which feminist self-defense courses can constitute embodied transformations of the meanings of femininity and rape. While certainly not sufficient to counter a rape culture by themselves, self-defense courses should remain a crucial element in feminist anti-rape activism.
Pulsar distances and the galactic distribution of free electrons

The present quantitative model for Galactic free electron distribution abandons the assumption of axisymmetry and explicitly incorporates spiral arms; their shapes and locations are derived from existing radio and optical observations of H II regions. The Gum Nebula's dispersion-measure contributions are also explicitly modeled. Adjustable quantities are calibrated by reference to three different types of data. The new model is estimated to furnish distance estimates to known pulsars that are accurate to about 25 percent.
Cybersquatting: A Case of First Come/First Served or Piracy on the Cyber-Seas?

Abstract In the realm of domain name services, close doesn't count. As electronic commerce grows in importance, an increasing number of established companies scramble to create an Internet presence. However, although most companies have carefully registered their company names, name brands, and trademarks, many have been surprised to find a “cybersquatter” already owns the URL (uniform resource locator) that customers would naturally associate with the firm. Probably the most outrageous example of the problem is demonstrated by the now-famous www.whitehouse.com incident. While savvy Web users know that “.gov” is the domain for government Web sites, hundreds of thousands of users have been surprised to find a pornographic Web site where they expected information on the presidency, especially those using the reference from a very popular introductory information systems textbook. Oddly enough, the owners of whitehouse.com are not cybersquatters in the absolute sense, but are only pranksters with an odd sens...
Wear Rate Predication for Steel Based on Regression Analysis

The wear experimental project on contact pressure, sliding speed and surface hardness was instituted by the uniform design method, the wear properties were investigated on a vertical universal friction/wear tester, the worn surfaces of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear rate predication model was established by polynomial regression analysis, and the goodness of fit and the significance of influencing factors was verified. The results showed that the experimental efficiency was evidently increased, and the experimental cycle was shortened by the uniform design. It is found that the wear rate predication model established is reasonable and valid, and the impact of three factors on the wear rate is coupling effect. The main wear mechanism is abrasive wear and adhesive wear.
Integrating hypermedia design concepts with a systems analysis and design methodology to develop manufacturing web applications

Many recognize the World Wide Web's capability to provide a global network and platform for application support of engineering activities. Most manufacturing applications on the web were initially designed for other platforms and ported to the web to take advantage of universal access. Another opportunity provided by the web is for exploratory access to information through the hyperlinks. However, this later strength is frequently not exploited by web-based manufacturing applications because the applications were not developed according to design methodologies that explicitly address the navigational aspects unique to the web. This article presents a web application design methodology that explicitly incorporates hypermedia authoring considerations into a traditional systems analysis and design methodology. The web application design methodology is illustrated through an example of developing a web-based manufacturability evaluation system for printed circuit boards. The primary contribution of this artic...
The nematocyte complex in a Hydromedusan, Gonionemus vertens.

A nematocyte complex in a hydromedusan, Gonionemus vertens, consists of a nematocyst-containing cell that is connected by desmosomes to three epitheliomuscular cells. Each epitheliomuscular cell has two foot processes on which rests a pedicel from an adjacent nematocyte. A model to describe such a nematocyte-epitheliomuscular cell association is proposed. The nematocyte complex is innervated by an axon from the epidermal nerve plexus that synapses with the basal region of the nematocyte.
The sound of climate change

It came as a great shock in the 1960s that the oceans, like the atmosphere, have an active weather (i.e. ocean storms are called eddies). The traditional expedition mode of individual research vessels making independent measurements was no longer adequate. Ocean Acoustic Tomography was developed in direct response to the ‘eddie revolution’. Sound travels faster in warmer water; acoustic waves transmitted from ship to ship give information about the temperature and currents in the intervening waters. The transmission scale has widened over the years from 100 to 1000 to 10 000 km, approaching the antipodal scale of Ewing’s 1960 transmission from Perth (Australia) to Bermuda. In 1991 we successfully transmitted from a source ship on Heard Island in the Indian Ocean to receiver ships in the north and south Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Brian Dushaw is planning to repeat Ewing’s experiment; he expects a reduction in travel time of approximately 10 s as confirmation of global ocean warming over the last 50 yr. Sea level rose 15 cm in the 20th century. The rate has since doubled; values up to 2 m by 2100 are now being quoted. To make accurate predictions we must understand the melting processes of continental ice sheets. Floating ice sheets from Antarctic and Greenland glaciers cover huge ocean caverns that have not to date been accessible to observation. We propose probing these caverns with sound waves to study the ocean dynamics at the underside of the floating ice sheets: a daring venture.
The Cause of Streaks upon Lath-and-Plaster Walls

FOR some time past I have been observing the streaks which occur upon lath-and-plaster walls. I have made a survey of the literature and find no adequate treatment of the phenomenon. For that reason I take the liberty of submitting to you the results of my observations in the hope that you may find them worthy of publication. The results of my observations are as follows:—
A dispositional approach to employability: Development of a measure and test of implications for employee reactions to organizational change

This study develops and validates a dispositional measure of employability (DME). Dispositional employability was defined as a constellation of individual differences that predispose individuals to (pro)active adaptability specific to work and careers. A dispositional approach to employability represents an alternative conceptualization to those previously found in the literature. Three independent studies were conducted to establish construct validity. Using exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2), a 25-item DME instrument was confirmed. Study 2 supported the hypothesized second-order latent multidimensional factor structure of the DME. Study 3 confirmed the stability of the DME and provided support for its construct validity by longitudinally showing that dispositional employability was significantly related to employees' positive emotions and affective commitment related to organizational changes. It was shown that these effects were above and beyond those found for tolerance for ambiguity, work locus of control, self-esteem, and optimism. Implications for future organizational research and practice are discussed.
Turbidity‐Induced Changes in Reactive Distance of Rainbow Trout

Abstract We used artificial stream channels to conduct feeding trials with wild rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at three levels of suspended sediment. To examine the effects of turbidity on reactive distance and pursuit speed, we fed rainbow trout (87–185 mm standard length) pieces of mealworms Tenebrio sp. as test prey. A video camera system was used to record the pursuit speed and reactive distance of fish during foraging bouts. Turbidity had a consistent and negative effect on reactive distance (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). On average, reactive distances in the 15- and 30-NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) treatments were only 80% and 45%, respectively, of those observed at ambient turbidities (4–6 NTUs). By contrast, turbidity did not significantly affect pursuit speed. Pursuit speed varied greatly among individuals but was similar for each fish across turbidity levels. These results indicate that sediment-producing activities, such as logging and road building, could reduce foraging success wi...
Charge exchange in the Io torus and exosphere

Charge-exchange cross sections and their velocity dependence have been estimated for the most important reactions in the Io torus and exosphere. The methods used for calculating the cross sections are given and discussed in some detail. For symmetric-resonant single and double charge exchange, the cross sections are slowly varying functions of velocity. For inelastic charge-exchange collisions, the transition probabilities into a given final state can depend critically on velocity. Models are described which can be used to estimate both the most rapid charge-exchange processes and those states which play an important role. Calculated cross sections are used to obtain reaction rates as a function of radial position, demonstrating the importance of charge exchange in the inner torus. Charge-exchange reactions of torus ions with molecular species in Io's exosphere may yield a net supply of neutrals and plasma to the torus.