cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concurrent error detection in wavelet lifting transforms

Wavelet transforms, central to multiresolution signal analysis and important in the JPEG2000 image compression standard, are quite susceptible to computer-induced errors because of their pipelined structure and multirate processing requirements. Such errors emanate from computer hardware, software bugs, or radiation effects from the surrounding environment. Implementations use lifting schemes, which employ update and prediction estimation stages, and can spread a single numerical error caused by failures to many output transform coefficients without any features to warn data users. We propose an efficient method to detect the arithmetic errors using weighted sums of the wavelet coefficients at the output compared with an equivalent parity value derived from the input data. Two parity values may straddle a complete multistage transform or several values may be used, each pair covering a single stage. There is greater error-detecting capability at only a slight increase in complexity when parity pairs are interspersed between stages. With the parity weighting design scheme, a single error introduced at a lifting section can be detected. The parity computation operation is properly viewed as an inner product between weighting values and the data, motivating the use of dual space functionals related to the error gain matrices. The parity weighting values are generated by a combination of dual space functionals. An iterative procedure for evaluating the design of the parity weights has been incorporated in Matlab code and simulation results are presented.
Kinetic implications of mechanisms proposed for catalytic carbon filament growth

Abstract The growth of carbon filaments from methane using an iron catalyst is studied. The dependence of the rate of reaction upon the gas phase composition, expressed as gas phase carbon activity, is observed to fall into two regimes. At low values of gas phase carbon activity the rate of reaction is linearly dependent upon this activity. At high values of gas phase carbon activity the rate of reaction is nearly independent of the gas phase composition. This behavior is observed over a range of temperatures which includes conditions under which both α-Fe 0 and γ-Fe 0 are thermodynamically favored. The results are interpreted in terms of mechanisms which have previously been suggested for this reaction. The results at high gas phase carbon activity are consistent with a mechanism where a thin surface carbide is present on the catalyst. The results at low gas phase carbon activity demonstrate that this mechanism cannot be valid under all conditions of filament growth. It is suggested that the gas phase equilibrates directly with the catalyst surface when the gas phase carbon activity is below the thermodynamic limit for the formation of the surface carbide. A mechanism by which catalyst deactivation proceeds is also proposed.
An asymptotically exact finite element error estimator based on C1 stress recovery

Abstract A posteriori finite element error estimation for planar linear elasticity problems is developed using a recovery operator based on a C1 stress smoothing technique developed by Tessler, Riggs and Macy. The error estimator that is developed is proved to be asymptotically exact under reasonable regularity assumptions on the mesh and the solution. Numerical results for a typical plane stress problem are given.
The Democratization of Environmental Policy

Hazardous Wastes in Rural America: Impacts, Implications and Options for Rural Communities, by Steven H. Murdock, Richard S. Krannich, and F. Larry Leistritz. Controlling Technocracy: Citizen Rationality and the NIMBY Syndrome, by Gregory E. McAvoy. The Politics of Ecosystem Management, by Hanna J. Cortner and Margaret A. Moote.
Differential responses to trauma: Migration-related discriminants of post-traumatic stress disorder among Southeast Asian refugees

This study examined possible differentiating experiences between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and non-PTSD refugees, after matching them on certain demographic characteristics and exposure to trauma. Previous research on predictors of PTSD usually has not controlled for differences in trauma exposure between the comparison groups. By examining individuals who have had similar traumatic histories, this study more clearly identified some factors implicated in the development of PTSD among Southeast Asians. To increase comparability with previous PTSD research, all events were assessed with reference to three time frames involving premigration, migration, and postmigration periods. The role of anger reactions was also examined in view of previous findings from the veteranbased PTSD research. Finally, this study ascertained the influence of acculturation and cultural identity orientation because these variables often have been implicated in the adjustment of Asian Americans. Results from the present study indicate that respondents with PTSD appeared to experience and express much more anger and were more dependent on public assistance. They were also less engaged in maintaining their cultural traditions and ties. However, more life changes and a trend toward more separations and reunifications with family members were evidenced for those without PTSD. The implications of these findings in developing community intervention strategies for Southeast Asian refugees who have experienced trauma are discussed.
Astringent-tasting compounds alter ion transport across isolated canine lingual epithelia.

Abstract The effects of acid and astringent compounds on ion transport across isolated canine lingual epithelia were measured in an Ussing chamber. Lowering the pH from 7.4 to 3.2 decreases ion transport, as measured by the short-circuit current ( I sc ), when the dorsal surface of the tongue is bathed in 0.5 M NaCl and increases I sc when it is bathed in 0.05 M NaCl. In 0.5 M NaCl, tannic acid (0.1 M) inhibits I sc at both pH 3.2 and 7.4. At 0.05 M NaCl, pH 7.4 tannic acid also inhibits I sc . Thus, inhibition of I sc by tannic acid does not depend upon the pH, meaning that the reduction in transport arises from tannic acid. In the presence of NaCl (at both 0.05 and 0.5 M NaCl), 0.1 M AlK (SO 4 ) 2 or 0.1 M AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 also inhibit I sc . For these salts, the decrease in I sc arises from the aluminum ion and not from K + , NH 4 + , or SO 4 −− . Other less astringent compounds (gallic and tartaric acids) had only slight effects on I sc . The main findings of this study are that both tannic acid and the aluminum salts inhibited ion transport, likely Na + influx, via amiloride-inhibitable channels in isolated lingual epithelia. Inhibition of such Na + channels may contribute to astringent taste.
Cytosolic free calcium concentrations in avian growth plate chondrocytes

Abstract Isolated avian growth plate chondrocytes convert the acetoxymethyl ester (AM) form of Fura-2 quickly and efficiently to the Ca2+-sensitive pentacarboxylic acid (FA) form. Control experiments indicate that the Kd for intracellular Fura-2 FA is very close to that of extracellular Fura-2 FA at the same ionic strength and pH and that the Fura-2 FA fluorescence from indicator converted by intracellular organelles is quite small. Correcting for the effects of extracellular Fura-2 FA and partial hydrolysis products has improved the accuracy of determination of intracellular [Ca2+] over earlier measurements in chondrocytes. Cytosolic [Ca2+] in isolated growth plate chondrocytes (containing cells from each maturational stage) is found to require approximately 9 hours to recover from the isolation process. After this recovery period, cytosolic [Ca2+] in these cells converges to approximately 70 nM regardless of the [Ca2+] of the recovery medium, suggesting regulation of cytosolic [Ca2+] to a set point. Chondrocytes that are separated into maturationally distinct fractions using countercurrent centrifugal elutriation show an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] with cellular maturation. The least mature resting cells have a [Ca2+] near 57 nM, while the most mature hypertrophic cells are around 95 nM.
Decentralized closed-loop collaborative surveillance and tracking performance sensitivity to communications connectivity

As the number and diversity of sensing assets available for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) operations continues to expand, the limited ability of human operators to effectively manage, control and exploit the ISR ensemble is exceeded, leading to reduced operational effectiveness. Our approach is to apply the principles of feedback control to ISR operations, “closing the loop” from the sensor collections through automated processing to ISR asset control. Previous work by the authors demonstrated closed-loop control, involving both platform routing and sensor pointing, of a multi-sensor, multi-platform ISR ensemble tasked with providing situational awareness and performing search, track and classification of multiple targets. The multi-asset control used a joint optimization of routes and schedules in a centralized architecture, requiring a fully-connected communications network. This paper presents an extension of the previous work to a decentralized architecture that relaxes the communications requirements. The decentralized approach achieves a solution equivalent to the centralized system when the network allows full communications and gracefully degrades ISR performance as communications links degrade. The decentralized closedloop ISR system has been exercised via a simulation test bed against a scenario in the Afghanistan theater under a variety of network conditions, from full to poor connectivity. Simulation experiment results are presented.
Cropping system effects on soil biological characteristics in the Great Plains

Soil biological quality can affect key soil functions that support food production and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of management and time on soil biological quality in contrasting dryland cropping systems at eight locations in the North American Great Plains. Alternative (ALT) cropping systems were characterized by greater cropping intensity (less fallow), more diverse crop sequences, and/or reduced tillage than conventional (CON) cropping systems. Soil biological properties were assessed at depths of 0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm from 1999 to 2002 up to three times per year. Compared to CON, ALT cropping systems had greater microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N. ALT cropping systems also had greater water stable aggregates in the surface 7.5 cm, but only at four locations. Total glomalin (TG), an organic fraction produced by fungi associated with aggregate stability, differed only at one location (Mandan), where the ALT cropping system had 27% more TG than the CON cropping system. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were highly location dependent, but total extracted FAME tended to be higher in ALT cropping systems. Soil biological properties fluctuated over time at all locations, possibly in response to weather, apparent changes in soil condition at sampling, and the presence or absence of fallow and/or legumes in rotation. Consequently, preplant and post-harvest sampling, when weather and soil conditions are most stable, is recommended for comparison of soil biological properties among management practices. Overall, ALT cropping systems enhanced soil function through: (1) improved retention and cycling of nutrients and (2) maintenance of biodiversity and habitat, implying improved agro-ecosystem performance over time.
Pharmacotherapeutic considerations in anesthesia.

This article focuses on new findings leading to improved understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of potential drug interactions between anesthetic drugs or techniques and cardiovascular medications in patients scheduled for surgery. Only the most frequently used drugs are reviewed. Elect
Synthetic substrate analogs for the RNA-editing adenosine deaminase ADAR-2

We have synthesized structural analogs of a natural RNA editing substrate and compared editing reactions of these substrates by recombinant ADAR-2, an RNA-editing adenosine deaminase. Deamination rates were shown to be sensitive to structural changes at the 2[prime]-carbon of the edited adenosine. Methylation of the 2[prime]-OH caused a large decrease in deamination rate, whereas 2[prime]-deoxyadenosine and 2[prime]-deoxy-2[prime]-fluoroadenosine were deaminated at a rate similar to adenosine. In addition, a duplex containing as few as 19 bp of the stem structure adjacent to the R/G editing site of the GluR-B pre-mRNA supports deamination of the R/G adenosine by ADAR-2. This identification and initial characterization of synthetic RNA editing substrate analogs further defines structural elements in the RNA that are important for the deamination reaction and sets the stage for additional detailed structural, thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the ADAR-2 reaction.
Relationships among new world species of Hibiscus section Furcaria (Malvaceae)

Seventeen species ofHibiscus sectionFurcaria are native to the New World, of which 12 (one diploid, nine tetraploids, one octoploid and one decaploid) have been studied cytotaxonomically. New chromosome counts (2n=4x=72) are reported forH. cucurbitaceus, H. flagelliformis, H. kitaibelifolius, andH. laxiflorus. Seventeen types of tetraploid interspecific hybrids (seven new to this study) all showed complete meiotic chromosome homology (genome formulaGGPP) and normal floral development. That all hybrids were nevertheless almost completely sterile suggests a cytoplasmic component to the genetic differentiation of the species. The diversification of the tetraploid species in habits, habitats and geographical ranges is considerable, despite their similar genome constitutions. A key to 17 native and four introduced African species is presented.Hibiscus cerradoensis sp. nov. is described.
16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank for real-time spectral analyser

A 16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank has been constructed on four y-cut LiNbO3 crystals. Each channel has a 4dB bandwidth of 6.7 MHz. The insertion loss at the peak of the passband of each channel is −32 dB, ±1.2 dB. The centre frequencies are 6.7 MHz apart and span the range 150–250 MHz. This filter has been incorporated in a realtime spectral analyser.
Relation of deposition to drop size when the rate law is nonlinear

Measurements of drop size distributions have been obtained by photography for air-water annular flow in a 4.2 cm vertical pipe. Results are presented for a constant superficial gas velocity (36 m/s) for different liquid flows. It is shown that droplet deposition rates can be interpreted by relating the deposition constant directly to the root-mean square of the velocity fluctuations of the drops. The observed decrease of the deposition constant with increasing liquid flow cannot be explained by an increase in drop size. It is suggested that droplet-droplet interactions cause a decrease in drop turbulence.
First-limiting amino acids in soybean-based diets for white seabass Atractoscion nobilis

Abstract The present study aims to identify the limiting amino acids in low fish meal, soy-based diets in juvenile white seabass. Two 8-week trials were conducted. The first trial evaluated three diets containing 36, 18 and 9% fish meal in the diet (FM36, FM18, FM9, respectively), with the last two diets being supplemented with methionine and taurine. In the second trial, seven diets were formulated, including a high (36%) fish meal diet (HFM, similar to FM36) and five diets with medium (18%) fishmeal levels. These included an unsupplemented diet (MFM) and four with increasing levels of methionine (+ M, + 2M) and taurine (+ 2MT and + 2M2T) supplementation. An additional diet was formulated with soy protein and poultry by-product meal to completely replace fish meal (PM). In trial 1, fish fed the FM18 diet grew significantly faster than fish fed the FM36 and FM9 diets. In trial 2, fish fed the + 2M2T diet grew better than fish fed any other diets, and feed efficiency was highest in fish fed the + 2M2T and PM diets. Fish fed the unsupplemented MFM diet had the lowest growth and feed efficiency. Methionine supplementation (+ M and + 2M) had a limited but significant effect on growth performance compared to MFM-fed fish. Fish fed the PM diet showed similar growth as those fed the + 2MT and commercial diets, but was lower than + 2M2T diet. Across both trials, growth rate was highly correlated with dietary taurine, except in diets containing less than 18% fish meal, i.e., diets PM and FM9. Both of these diets had equivalent or superior dietary taurine levels compared to diets + 2M2T and FM18, but resulted in significantly poorer growth. This suggests that taurine is the first-limiting nutrient in feeds containing at least 18% fish meal while methionine was marginally deficient. In diets containing lower levels of fish meal however, methionine and taurine supplementation is ineffective; hence another (undetermined) nutrient became first-limiting. Additional research is necessary to identify this limiting nutrient, as well as determine the specific taurine requirement of WSB.
Comparative discriminative stimulus effects of 5-methoxy-N, Ndimethyltryptamine and LSD☆

Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate injections of either 5-OMe DMT (1.5 mg/kg) or LSD (0.096 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. After stable discrimination performances were attained (> 85%) in each group, dose-response generalizations between the two groups of animals were examined. The results revealed that the 5-OMe DMT-stimulus response generalized to LSD and that the LSD-stimulus response generalized to 5-OMe DMT. Furthermore, both the 5-OMe DMT-stimulus and the LSD-stimulus could be significantly attenuated by the serotonin antagonist BC-105. However, the pattern of the doserelated antagonism by BC-105 was different between the drug stimuli. It was concluded that while the discriminative stimulus effects of 5-OMe DMT and LSD may be mediated via a common serotonergic system, the receptor interaction of these agents within that pharmacological system may be somewhat different.
Design of gratings and frequency selective surfaces using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks

This paper presents a study of the Fussy ARTMAP neural network in designing cascaded gratings and frequency selective surfaces (FSS) in general. Conventionally, trial and error procedures are used until an FSS matches the design criteria. One way of avoiding this laborious process is to use neural networks (NNs). A neural network can be trained to predict the dimensions of the elements comprising the FSS structure, their distance of separation, and their shape required to produce the desired frequency response. In the past, the multi-layer perception architecture trained with the back-prop learning algorithm (back-prop network) was used to solve this problem. Unfortunately, the back-prop network experiences, at times, convergence problems and these problems become amplified as the size of the training set increases. In this work, the Fussy ARTMAP neural network is used to address the FSS design problem. The Fussy ARTMAP neural network converges much faster than the back-prop network, and most importantly its convergence to a solution is guaranteed. Several results (frequency responses) from cascaded gratings corresponding to various angles of wave incidence, layer separation, width strips, and interstrip separation are presented and discussed
Implications in the management of pregnancy: II. Low levels of gene expression but enhanced uptake and accumulation of umbilical cord glycodelin.

Abstract Objective: We recently reported the presence of glycodelin in the endothelial cells of human umbilical cord. The objective of the current study is to determine whether human umbilical cord endothelial cells synthesize glycodelin. Design: Controlled clinical study. Setting: Healthy women undergoing normal delivery at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia. Patient(s): Healthy women undergoing normal delivery. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Human umbilical cord was collected after full-term delivery and total RNA from endothelial cells was isolated. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed by using primers from glycodelin sequence. Human umbilical cord endothelial cells at passage 3 were incubated with glycodelin-derived peptide or glycodelin-rich amniotic fluid. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed by using purified chicken anti–glycodelin peptide antibody to detect the accumulation of glycodelin in cells. Result(s): Little or no glycodelin message was detectable in the endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein by RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis. However, these cells readily took up glycodelin protein and glycodelin-derived synthetic peptide from the medium. Conclusion(s): The presence and accumulation of glycodelin in the umbilical cord might indicate their potential role in the survival of fetal tissue in the maternal environment.
Phytochrome in etiolated annual rye : I. Changes during growth in the amount of photoreversible phytochrome in the coleoptile and primary leaf.

During a seven-fold increase in length the content of the coleoptile in photoreversible phytochrome increased four-fold and that of the primary leaf nine-fold. The phytochrome content, during growth, expressed on a fresh- or dry-weight basis did not vary greatly for either organ. Phytochrome per mg dry weight (ΔOD730/mg=0.5) was nearly the same in the leaf as in the coleoptile. Coleoptiles studied had a constant DNA content of 4.1 μg per organ. DNA content of the leaf increased with age. Phytochrome per DNA was much higher in the coleoptile than in the primary leaf and increased with growth in each of these organs. Thus, there was not a constant amount of phytochrome per cell in either tissue with increasing age and there was not the same amount of phytochrome per cell in the coleoptile as in the primary leaf at any age.
Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Influenced by Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Fertilization

An estimate of soil mineralizable N is needed to determine crop needs for N fertilizer. The objective of this research was to estimate soil net N mineralization in soils maintained in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), and corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa (CSWA) rotations that have been managed since 1990 with zero N (ON), low N (LN), and high N (HN) fertilization. Soil samples were taken from 0- to 20-cm depth in plots planted to corn in 1998. In order to produce more realistic time-series data of net N mineralization, soils were incubated in filtration units in a variable-temperature incubator (VTI) that mimicked field soil temperatures under a growing corn canopy. Rotation and N fertilization significantly affected net N mineralization in soil samples. Cumulative net N mineralized in a 189-d field temperature incubation averaged 133 ± 6 kg ha -1 in CC, 142 ± 5 kg ha -1 in CS, and 189 ± 5 kg ha -1 in CSWA. Across rotations, average net N mineralized was 166 ± 9 kg ha -1 in ON plots, 147 ± 10 kg ha -1 in LN plots, and 152 ± 10 kg ha -1 in HN plots. Inclusion of a legume, particularly alfalfa, in the rotation increased net N mineralized. Generally, more net N was mineralized from plots receiving no fertilizer N than from soil with a history of N fertilization. Variable-temperature incubation produced realistic time-series data with low sample variability.
Administrators' views on barriers to research utilization.

UCCESSFUL application of research findings to practice requires collaboration between researchers, administrators, and clinicians (Rogers, 1992). Researchers have responsibility for the generation of the science and its integrity, and for presentation of findings to the practice community. Administrators are responsible for creating an institutional climate that fosters and promotes research use, whereas clinicians are responsible for the adaptation, implementation, and clinical evaluation of the research.
Monopole antenna on circular disk

The sinusoidal-Galerkin moment method is developed for the impedance of a monopole antenna at the center of a circular disk in free space. Numerical results are presented for the impedance and current distributions as a function of the disk radius.
A Semiquantitative Method for the Determination of DPPD in Chicken Fat and Eggs

Abstract On the basis of work performed by the National Alfalfa Dehydrating and Milling Company of Lamar, Colorado, N,N’ diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) has been considered to be an insoluble and unabsorbable compound, since it was not detected in rat or chick tissue. Recently, Teichman et al. (1956), using a method developed in this laboratory, 1 showed it to be present in the milk of cows that had received 2.0 grams of the compound per day. Since DPPD appears to be closely associated with lipids, a method for its determination was developed, based upon freeze-drying a sample of tissue, dissolving the extracted lipids in acetone, precipitating them out at low temperatures, filtering, molecularly distilling an aliquot, and determining the concentration colorimetrically. By this method, recoveries of 90% of the DPPD added to 10–15 grams of chicken depot fat have been obtained. DPPD forms a red color in the presence of concentrated nitric acid, …
The detection of acute toxicity with Daphnia magna.

Abstract A useful biological detector for acute toxicity of minute samples of chemicals available from man's environment must be highly sensitive, easily cultured in large numbers and capable of rigid standardization. It should also provide highly reproducible results which, if possible, should parallel those from mammalian tests. As demonstrated in the detection of both natural and synthetic toxicants in food extracts, the crustacean Daphnia magna meets the first four of these criteria, but only a limited correlation of ED 50 with rat oral toxicities has been achieved.
Stratigraphic architectures spotted in southern Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris, Mars: COMMENT COMMENT

[Dromart et al. (2007)][1] describe a spectacular stratigraphic complex within southern Melas Chasma, Vallis Marineris, Mars. Following a rigorous stratigraphic description of the complex, they proceed to interpret the responsible depositional processes as analogous to subaqueous channel-levee
Sustained decrease in fat consumption produced by amphetamine in rats maintained on a dietary self-selection regime.

Abstract Total daily caloric intakes and dietary self-selection of the three macronutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate, were examined in female rats following the administration of anoretic doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight, IP). Animals had access to nutrients for a six-hour period each day with food intakes measured two hours after food presentation and again at the end of the six-hour feeding period. Amphetamine injections led to similar dose-related decreases in caloric intakes in animals maintained on a standard laboratory diet (ground Purina Laboratory Chow) and those maintained on the dietary self-selection regime. Detailed examination of feeding patterns of animals given the self-selection regime revealed, however, that amphetamine had differential effects on the consumption of protein, fat and carbohydrate. At all three drug doses, protein and carbohydrate intakes were suppressed during the initial two-hour measurement period. Intakes of these two macronutrients returned to control values by the end of the six-hour feeding period. In contrast, fat intake was initially suppressed and remained suppressed throughout the entire six-hour period following amphetamine administration. Comparison of the present results with those of previous experiments indicates that the selective effect of amphetamine on fat consumption is not a general effect of drugs which reduce caloric intake.
Survival patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: pain as an independent prognostic factor for survival.

Abstract Survival outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) vary by extent of disease, behavioral factors, and socioeconomic factors. We assessed the extent to which pretreatment pain influences survival in 2,340 newly diagnosed patients with HNSCC, adjusting for disease stage, symptoms, pain medications, comorbidities, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Patients rated their pain at presentation to the cancer center (0 = "no pain" and 10 = "pain as bad as you can imagine"). Survival time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death of any cause or last follow-up. Five-year overall survival was calculated for all the variables assessed in the study. Severe pain (≥7) was most prevalent among those with oral cancer (20.4%; pharynx = 18.8%; larynx = 16.1%) and significantly varied by tumor stage, fatigue severity, smoking status, comorbid lung disease, and race (all P P P Perspective Pretreatment pain was an independent predictor of survival in a large sample of HNSCC patients even after accounting for tumor node metastasis stage, fatigue, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol intake. Therefore, symptoms at presentation and before cancer treatment are important factors to be considered in understanding survival outcomes in HNSCC patients.
Retroperitoneal endometriosis causing unilateral hip pain

Abstract Background: The usual symptoms of endometriosis are secondary dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility, but when located in the retroperitoneal space, it might have atypical symptoms that delay diagnosis and postpone therapy. Case: A young nulligravida presented with secondary dysmenorrhea and concurrent cyclic hip pain. Recent laparoscopy was reportedly normal. Computed tomography (CT)-directed percutaneous needle biopsy of a retroperitoneal mass showed endometriosis. Laparotomy with retroperitoneal dissection removed the endometriosis, and operative arthroscopy released strictured hip tendons improving her hip pain and limp. Conclusion: Retroperitoneal endometriosis presenting as hip pain was diagnosed by CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy permitting removal by a multidisciplinary surgical approach.
Quantification of 39Ar recoil ejection from GA1550 biotite during neutron irradiation as a function of grain dimensions

This study presents the first measurement of 39 Ar recoil ejection loss from individual, dimensionally characterized mineral grains due to neutron irradiation, and reveals the extent to which this recoil loss is problematic for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating. Using the well-characterized biotite standard GA1550, known to have between grain reproducibility of 40 Ar*/ 39 ArK of order 0.1%, we measured the thicknesses (3– 210 lm) and surface areas (0.07–0.90 mm 2 ) of 159 grains selected to span the dimensional range represented in the aliquot. Thinner grains with high surface area/volume (SA/V) reveal elevated 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, as much as 26% higher than thicker grains expected to suffer proportionately negligible depletion. Although the thinner grains yield intrinsically less precise measurements due to small 39 Ar ion beams, a regular decrease in net recoil loss with increasing biotite grain thickness is clear for grains thinner than ca. 50 lm. Grains thicker than 50 lm reveal essentially no 39 Ar loss within analytical uncertainties. The measured 39 Ar loss spectrum is significantly higher than predicted by previous modeling approaches. These results suggest a practical threshold of ca. 50 lm grain thickness for biotites, and probably other phyllosilicates, irradiated with 235 U fission spectrum neutrons in order to avoid recoil artifacts. Poor agreement between our data and simulation results indicates that recoil displacement models should be revisited in order to resolve the discrepancy. Further empirical work to determine the recoil loss of 39 Ar in other minerals is important not only for routine age measurements, but also to shed
On the stability of the impact damper.

Periodic symmetric two-impacts-per-cycle motion of impact damper solved, determining asymptotically stable regions
SCP: A FORTRAN Program for Computing Scheffé Planned or Post Hoc Comparisons

The Scheffd Computation Program (SCP) was designed for computing the conservative Schefft procedure for comparing means following a significant F in an analysis of variance. Written in FORTRAN IV, the SCP is easy to use. It performs Scheffd comparisons in situations in which they cannot be computed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences or the BMDP Statistical Software package. The program also has a number of debugging features.
Biological drug use: US perspectives on indications and monitoring.

An estimated 20% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receive tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor treatment. This paper presents the results of an online survey of US rheumatologists (1023 respondents) conducted in April 2005 on issues relating to use of TNF inhibitors in RA. The primary determinant of TNF inhibitor use among the participating rheumatologists was physician preference rather than patient preference or payor guidelines. Qualitative (rather than quantitative measures) assessments (physician overall assessment, symptom review, etc.) and laboratory measures were more frequently employed when assessing and treating patients with RA. Clinical assessments with hepatic enzymes and complete blood count as an additional safety tool were most commonly employed to monitor drug safety. Nearly all the rheumatologists (⩾92%) felt that a partial purified derivative (PPD) test was indicated when using a TNF inhibitor, but were equally split with regard to those with a history of PPD positivity or BCG vaccination. The frequency of serious adverse events was estimated and included tuberculosis, systemic fungal infection, demyelinating disorders, cytopenia, drug induced lupus, lymphoma, and hepatic failure. Among 454 RA patients who became pregnant while receiving biological therapy there were 378 normal deliveries, 9 premature babies, 5 therapeutic abortions, and 25 miscarriages. It was concluded that a greater than expected number of US rheumatologists are familiar with biologicals and TNF inhibitor therapies, but uncertainties and educational gaps still exist regarding their use and monitoring.
Retropulsion, gaba, and possible hallucinatory behavior in mice.

Amino-oxyacetsaure, eine Substanz welche das endogene Gehirnniveau anGABA erhoht, fuhrte in 16 Tage alten Mausen zu LSD-ahnlichen Verhaltensweisen wie Hypothermie: zu Krampfen und Ruckwartslaufen.
Setting the Stage: Current State of Affairs and Major Challenges

The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic reached staggering proportions over the past 2 decades, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries. Tremendous increases in donor resources over the past decade have allowed for a rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment and greater access to basic care and prevention programs in countries worst affected by HIV infection and AIDS. These programs have had a tremendous impact on the lives of millions of individuals and have also created optimism and hope where previously there was despair. Major challenges remain in combating the current HIV pandemic with regard to access to treatment; efficiency, quality, and sustainability of current programs; and the scale-up of evidence-based, effective prevention strategies. The global health community and political leaders will need to overcome these challenges if a long-term effective response to the HIV pandemic is to be achieved.
CYTOPLASMIC ORIGIN AND SURFACE DEPOSITION OF SILICEOUS STRUCTURES IN SARCODINA

Siliceous products, deposited at the cell surface of amoeboid protists, include a wide variety of species-specific structures; i.e., spicules, scales, solid plates, granules, meshworks frustules, and other elaborate geometric forms. A common secretory mechanism has been reported in testate amoebae, heliozoa and heliozoon-like amoebae, and radiolaria. Silica deposition vesicles (SDVs), either situated in the cell cytoplasm (as in testate amoebae and heliozoa and relatives) or within an expanded portion of the peripheral cytoplasm known as a cytokalymma (in radiolaria), are the site of silicification. In some testate amoebae, moreover, Golgi-derived vesicles fuse with the membrane surrounding silica deposition sites. These vesicles possibly contribute additional silica-secreting membrane into the surface of the SDV while increasing the membrane surface area. Silica products of testate amoebae and heliozoa are deposited on the cell surface by exocytosis. The cytokalymma of radiolaria, while containing a silica-secreting vacuolar space, is decidedly different in form and activity from the intracellular secretory spaces of testate amoebae and heliozoa. The cytokalymma is a dynamic structure exhibiting cytoplasmic flowing activity, and in a mold-like manner determines the remarkable species-specific shape of the skeleton. Consequently, the deposited silicate product of radiolaria is an endoskeleton and is not released on the surface by exocytosis. Further research is needed to determine if Golgi-derived vesicles, designated Golgi-fibrillar vesicles (GFV) in some testate amoebae, are also the source of SDV membranes in other silicate secreting sarcodines.
Accounts Receivable Factoring As A Response To Weak Governance: Panel Data Evidence

Accounts receivable factoring is a financing arrangement that occurs when a business sells its accounts receivables. Factoring has emerged as the most important source of working capital for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in many economies because weak laws, poor enforcement, and the associated informational opacity put the SMEs at a disadvantage when borrowing. This paper presents an empirical analysis of cross-country differences in factoring activity to determine whether the quality of governance is a significant determinant of the level of factoring activity. Our analysis is based on a reduced form model that relates a country’s factoring activity (turnover) to the quality of governance, while controlling for other determinants of factoring discussed in the literature. We use data for a panel of 59 countries, over the period 1995 – 2005. Our findings support the hypothesis that factoring is more prevalent in economies with weak governance. Additionally, we present evidence that factor turnover is decreasing in the incidence of corruption.
Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: results of a stage 1 therapy study.

Objective: This Stage 1b controlled trial sought a preliminary test of the relative efficacy of Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Drug Dependence (BTDD) against a structured relaxation intervention (REL) for treating DSM-IV depressive disorders and substance abuse. Method: Thirty-eight methadone maintained opiate dependent participants, who met criteria for a DSM-IV depressive disorder, were randomized to one of two, 24-week treatment conditions (BTDD or REL). Results: Depression response, defined as at least a 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression Scale score from baseline to the end of study, was high and similar in both BTDD (61%) and REL (65%). Rates of drug use were low overall, both at baseline and at the end of study, and did not differ between treatment groups at study endpoint. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both behavioral- and relaxation-based approaches show promise for treating comorbid depression in drug dependent populations. Future work should examine combining or modifying these...
A scientific workflow construction command line

Workflows have emerged as a common tool for scientists to express their computational analyses. While there are a multitude of visual data flow editors for workflow construction, to date there are none that support the input of workflows using natural language. This work presents the design of a hybrid system that combines natural language input through a command line with a visual editor.
On the boundary conditions in slope stability analysis

Boundary conditions can affect computed factor of safety results in two- and three-dimensional stability analyses of slopes. Commonly used boundary conditions in two- and three-dimensional slope stability analyses via limit-equilibrium and continuum-mechanics based solution procedures are described. A sample problem is included to illustrate the importance of boundary conditions in slope stability analyses. The sample problem is solved using two- and three-dimensional numerical models commonly used in engineering practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empire and Identity in Guizhou: Local Resistance to Qing Expansion. By Jodi L. Weinstein. (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2014. Pp. xii, 217. $30.00.)

A central premise of Chinese identity throughout history has been that there is only one real culture by which all peoples should be measured and that all of history is a teleological march toward ...
Characterization of a Replication-Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 att Site Mutant That Is Blocked after the 3′ Processing Step of Retroviral Integration

Two activities of retroviral integrase, 3′ processing and DNA strand transfer, are required to integrate viral cDNA into a host cell chromosome. Integrase activity has been analyzed in vitro using purified protein and recombinant DNA substrates that model the U3 and U5 ends of viral cDNA or by using viral preintegration complexes (PICs) that form during virus infection. Numerous studies have investigated changes in integrase or viral DNA for effects on both 3′ processing and DNA strand transfer activities using purified protein, but similar analyses have not been carried out using PICs. Here, we analyzed PICs from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain 604del, an integration-defective mutant lacking 26 bp of U5, and revE1, a revertant of 604del containing an additional 19-bp deletion, for levels of 3′ processing activity that occurred in infected cells and for levels of in vitro DNA strand transfer activity. Whereas revE1 supported one-third to one-half of the level of wild-type DNA strand transfer activity, the level of 604del DNA strand transfer activity was undetectable. Surprisingly, integrase similarly processed the 3′ ends of 604del and revE1 in vivo. We therefore conclude that 604del is blocked in its ability to replicate in cells after the 3′ processing step of retroviral integration. Whereas Western blotting showed that wild-type, revE1, and 604del PICs contained similar levels of integrase protein, Mu-mediated PCR footprinting revealed only minimal protein-DNA complex formation at the ends of 604del cDNA. We propose that 604del is replication defective because proteins important for DNA strand transfer activity do not stably associate with this cDNA after in vivo 3′ processing by integrase.
A Case for Staged Database Systems

Traditional database system architectures face a rapidly evolving operating environment, where millions of users store and access terabytes of data. In order to cope with increasing demands for performance, high-end DBMS employ parallel processing techniques coupled with a plethora of sophisticated features. However, the widely adopted, work-centric, thread-parallel execution model entails several shortcomings that limit server performance when executing workloads with changing requirements. Moreover, the monolithic approach in DBMS software has lead to complex and difficult to extend designs. This paper introduces a staged design for high-performance, evolvable DBMS that are easy to tune and maintain. We propose to break the database system into modules and to encapsulate them into self-contained stages connected to each other through queues. The staged, data-centric design remedies the weaknesses of modern DBMS by providing solutions at both a hardware and a software engineering level.
The Standardization of Elite Careers in Bureaucratizing Organizations

There is little treatment in the literature of social standardization, the process through which a social unit decreases and narrows its range of social diversity. This paper examines the standardization of an organizational career. The backgrounds and career experiences of 884 elites in a metropolitan police department (1870-1947) appear to move from relatively differentiated to relatively standardized. These data are used to test a hypothesis taken from the literature: The greater the potential disruption of an organization because of elite turnover, the more bureaucratized elite careers will become, and thus the more standardized elite backgrounds and career sequences will be. Results from 6 different measures of background and career sequence show that standardization, contrary to the hypothesis, occurred in response to bureaucratization, but not to rapid turnover. Social differentiation is a topic that often appears in the literature, usually in conjunction with social stratification (Svalastoga, 1965). It is for Parsons (1971) a major evolutionary process, in structural terms. Sorokin (1962) wrote an early encyclopedic treatment on the various ways by which society could be differentiated into social, structural, status and role categories. But if society or organized social life of any kind can become increasingly complex and varied in categorical and structural terms, it can also undergo the process of This content downloaded from 157.55.39.111 on Sat, 17 Sep 2016 05:37:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Loper: A quadruped-hybrid stair climbing robot

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Loper, a multi-purpose robotic platform under development at the University of Minnesota's Center for Distributed Robotics. Leper's unique Tri-lobe wheel design and highly compliant chassis make the platform especially suited for overcoming many of the challenges associated with search operations in urban settings. The mechanically simple design and use of commercially available components make Loper easily maintainable. The platform also features long operational time, onboard sensor processing, dedicated motion control, and four reconfigurable sensor bays.
CE-QUAL-W2 Water Quality and Fish-bioenergetics Model of Chester Morse Lake and the Cedar River

As part of an effort to balance urban needs with preservation of sensitive fish habitat, CE-QUAL-W2, a hydrodynamic and temperature model, was developed for Chester Morse Lake and the lower Cedar River, WA. Cedar River model starts downstream of the Chester Morse dam and ends 21 km downstream at Landsburg, where drinking water is diverted for the City of Seattle. This water quality model was coupled with a fish habitat and bioenergetics model for bull trout and was calibrated to temperature data between 2005 and 2008. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was found to be highly accurate in modeling temperature variation in the lake – at most locations having an average absolute mean error of between 0.5 and 0.8 o C. The Cedar River model had an average absolute mean error of 0.7 o C. This tool is designed to allow managers and operators to estimate the impact on fish habitat and growth potential from various management decisions including extent of drawdown, timing/volume of flows, and pumping operations. Future studies could include incorporating further water quality parameters such as nutrients, algae, and zooplankton as they relate to fish productivity.