cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil oxygen reduction: The enzymes and the products

Abstract The human neutrophil generates a non-mitochondrial respiratory burst by the activation of a NADPH-oxidase, whose electron source, NADPH, is generated in the hexose monophosphate shunt. The reduction product, 2−, is further reduced to H2O2, which upon the action of myeloperoxidase, oxidizes halide to form reactive chloramines and hypochlorous acid. The elusive hydroxyl radical, or kindred species, also appears as a product of the burst, but this chemistry has not been elucidated. NADPH-oxidase is a complex activity, comprised of at least two components: a low potential b cytochrome and a flavoprotein. Partial characterization and isolation of this electron transport system has been accomplished and serves as an intense focus of current research. The recent demonstration that the oxidase may be activated in a broken cell preparation should not only define mechanisms of burst activation, but this methodology should provide a powerful approach towards identifying the components of the NADPH-oxidase apparatus.
Note on the pre-conditioning of matrices

In [1] Osborne presents and proves the convergence of an iterative process for pre-conditioning an irreducible matrix A or order n. The process involves the construction of the non-singular diagonal matrix D(k), and the formation of the similarity transformations
Fluid Ingress Strain Analysis of Glassy Polymer Networks Using Digital Image Correlation

Abstract A digital image correlation (DIC) technique to quantify complex strain behavior resulting from solvent ingress into glassy polymer networks has been developed. Our results clearly show the strain behavior for Case II diffusion solvent ingress. The utilization of DIC to study solvent ingress has shown a new method for quantifying the advancing flow front of solvent penetration into polymer networks. This non-contact technique is advantageous for quantifying the kinetic rate of solvent ingress and provides a method for studying the amount of strain developing in polymer samples during solvent swelling. DIC provides an ability to track strain variations between swollen and unperturbed states of polymers, and quantifies strain variance across the sample between fully swollen and non-swollen states. To our knowledge, a method for measuring strain for solvent ingress simultaneously across all states of the sample does not exist, and this method offers new opportunities for studying the ingress behavior for a broad range of solvent penetrants and polymers.
ADENOSINE PRECONDITIONING OF HUMAN MYOCARDIUM IS DEPENDENT UPON THE ATP-SENSITIVE K+ CHANNEL

Evidence supports the involvement of adenosine receptor stimulation and activation of K(ATP) channels in ischemic preconditioning of human myocardium. It is unknown, however, whether protection mediated by adenosine receptors is dependent upon the K(ATP) channel in the human heart. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adenosine-mediated protection against a simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury in human myocardium is dependent upon K(ATP) channels. Isolated human right atrial trabeculae were placed in tissue baths at 37 degrees C, oxygenated with a modified Tyrode solution, and field stimulated at 1 Hz. Trabeculae were subjected to 45 min of normothermic simulated ischemia (hypoxic, substrate-free buffer with pacing at 3 Hz.) and 60 min of reperfusion (I/R trabeculae). Trabeculae were preconditioned with simulated ischemia (IPC trabeculae) or adenosine receptor stimulation (adenosine, 125 micromol/l) for 5 min (ADO trabeculae) prior to simulated ischemic-reperfusion injury. Inhibition of the K(ATP) channel with glibenclamide (10 micromol/l) was combined with adenosine pretreatment (ADO+GLI trabeculae) or alone (GLI trabeculae) prior to simulated ischemic-reperfusion injury. Developed force (DF) at end reperfusion (mean+/-S.E.) was compared to baseline developed force, and tissue creatine kinase (CK) activity at end reperfusion was measured. I/R trabeculae showed 27+/-2% of baseline DF, whereas IPC trabeculae or ADO trabeculae showed 50+/-4% and 43+/-3% of baseline DF, respectively. ADO+GLI trabeculae showed 25+/-2% and GLI trabeculae showed 23+/-4% of baseline DF. Tissue CK activity was enhanced in the IPC and ADO trabeculae (433+/-63 U/g wet myocardium, and 415+/-28 U/g wet myocardium, respectively). I/R trabeculae had 196+/-26 U/g wet myocardium and ADO+GLI trabeculae had 277+/-38 U/g wet myocardium at end reperfusion. The results suggest that ischemic preconditioning and adenosine receptor stimulation confer functional protection against simulated ischemic-reperfusion, and adenosine mediated protection is eliminated by K(ATP) channel inhibition in human myocardium.
Networks in the Knowledge Economy

The book review is for “Networks in the Knowledge Economy,” edited by Rob Cross, Andrew Parker, and Lisa Sasson.
Mechanical properties of thin surface layers affected by material removal processes

It is well known that solid surfaces are subjected to local, intense deformation in material removal processes such as machining and grinding [L.E. Samuels, Metallographic Polishing by Mechanical Methods, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1982]. Little is known about the mechanical and physical properties of these highly deformed layers. Here, we describe an approach for analyzing the mechanical properties of thin surface layers affected by material removal processes. The approach involves making a taper-section of the desired surface to intrinsically magnify it, followed by nano-indentation of the tape-sectioned region. The approach has been applied to high-strength steels which were subjected to machining or grinding. The results show that the deformed layers are only a few micrometers in thickness; significant changes in hardness occur with these layers; and these layers are composed of sub-microcrystalline structures.
Low-temperature deformation mechanisms in LiF single crystals

An Analysis of the deformation behavior of high purity LiF single crystals is given using yielding and work-hardening data and thermally activated deformation parameters obtained in the temperature range 77 to 423°K. It is found that while the Fleischer mechanism is apparently valid experimentally over the thermally activated temperature range, vacancies produced in large numbers at 77°K could also play a role in determining the critical resolved shear stress at that temperature. The temperature dependence of the workhardening rate is seen to depend on the increase in dislocation debris production at lower temperatures. Work-hardening is controlled by long-range dislocation–dislocation dipole interactions over the entire temperature range studied. Es wird das Verformungsverhalten von hochreinen LiF-Einkristallen mittels Flies- und Verfestigungswerten analysiert, wobei die thermisch aktivierten Deformationsparameter im Temperaturbereich von 77 bis 423°K erhalten wurden. Es wird gefunden, das, wahrend der Fleischer-Mechanismus anscheinend im gesamten thermisch aktivierten Temperaturbereich gultig ist, die in groser Zahl bei 77°K erzeugten Leerstellen ebenfalls eine Rolle bei der Bestimmung der kritischen Scherspannung bei dieser Temperatur spielen konnen. Es wird gezeigt, das die Temperaturabhangigkeit der Verfestigungsgeschwindigkeit von dem Anwachsen der Erzeugung von Versetzungsbruchstucken bei niedrigen Temperaturen abhangt. Die Verfestigung wird durch weitreichende Versetzungs–Versetzungs-Dipolwechselwirkungen uber den gesamten untersuchten Temperaturbereich gesteuert.
Correlations in the energies and widths of structure observed in the reactions 40Ca(γ, no)39Ca and 40Ca(γ, po)39K☆

Abstract The ground-state differential cross sections at 90° for the (γ, no) and (γ, po) reactions in 40Ca have been measured. The energies and widths of intermediate-type structure observed in two reactions are clearly correlated throughout the giant dipole resonance region.
Product channeling in the reactions of CS+(X 2Σ+) with simple carboxylic acids and esters

Abstract In the present work, a selected ion flow tube was used to study the reactions of CS+(X 2Σ+) with H2, CO, and a series of carboxylic acids and esters, RCO2R′ (R, R′ = H, CH3, C2H5), at 296 ± 4 K. The CS+ ion is expected to be a reasonable ionic analogue of the neutral pseudohalogen, CN, because of its strong chemical bond and isovalency. The reactions of CS+ with the RCO2R′ series were all fast at greater than 80% of the theoretical upper-limit ion/dipole capture rate coefficient. Numerous binary ion products were observed, the most prevalent being the acylium ion (RCO+), the radical ion of the neutral reactant, and HCS+; no ternary association products were observed. Despite the abundance of product channels, these reactions were simple mechanistically, proceeding either by the induction of lone pair electrons on the carboxyl O atoms, or by H-atom transfer, which was chiefly homolytic rather than heterolytic. Induction of an O-atom lone pair by the C-terminus of CS+ into a molecular orbital of the activated complex is believed to lead to product formation through an oxonium ylide intermediate. The CS+ was converted, with few exceptions, into the small product molecules OCS, CS, and HCS+. Except in one instance, rupture of the strong C S bond did not occur. The reactions of CS+ with the RCO2R′ series are compared with the analogous reactions of S2+, SO+, S+, H3O+, NO+, and O2+ which have been studied previously. The reactive behavior of CS+ is discussed with regard to the pseudohalogen character of this ion and its potential role in studies of chemical reaction dynamics. Additionally, the rate coefficients and product distributions for the reactions of S+ with NO2 and C3H4 (allene) at 296 ± 4 K are presented.
Statistical model for fetal death, fetal weight, and malformation in developmental toxicity studies.

The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical model for analyzing the joint effects of exposure on fetal death, fetal weight, and malformation in a developmental toxicity study. In addition to allowing for the usual litter effect, the model allows for correlations between different outcomes measured on the same fetus. Fitting the model requires first focusing on non-live outcomes by modeling the probability of fetal death or resorption as a function of dose. Then outcomes among live fetuses are modeled using a two-stage regression approach. The first stage models fetal weight as a function of dose and the second stage models fetal malformation as a function of dose, as well as residuals from the weight model. The regression coefficients from the malformation model have intuitive interpretations in terms of correlations between littermates and between different outcomes measured within the same fetus. Not only does the approach provide a useful way to investigate the relationship between adverse fetal outcomes, it also yields a natural framework for conducting quantitative risk assessment. A procedure is proposed for quantifying overall risk by incorporating the three outcomes in order to estimate safe dose levels and corresponding lower confidence limits. The method is illustrated using data from an experiment in mice conducted through the National Toxicology Program. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Battle Of The Alchemists

Herewith is presented a review of Man's accomplishments in the transmutation of the elements of our physical world, from the time of ancient mythology when the alchemists sought to transform lesser substances into gold and silver, down to the time of our present-day alchemists, the modern physicists. The goal of today's battle is not precious metals, but energy.
Summer formation of a high‐nutrient low‐oxygen pool in Cape Cod Bay, USA

[1] The Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay (MB), and Cape Cod Bay (CCB) system (MBS) is a semienclosed coastal embayment located in the Gulf of Maine. As the southern portion of the MBS, CCB is connected to MB by the coastal transport that varies seasonally. Observations have revealed that during every summer, nutrients accumulate below the thermocline in central CCB associated with relatively low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. To understand the remote and local causes in the formation of this pool of high-nutrient and low-oxygen (HNLO) bottom water, a modeling study was conducted using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model. A 4-year simulation (1998–2001) indicated the persistent presence of this HNLO feature. A detailed analysis of modeled and observed results for 2000 suggested that three factors controlled the formation of the HNLO pool in the summer: (1) southward coastal transport of organic matter from MB into CCB in winter and spring, (2) a relatively long residence time in CCB favoring sedimentation of organic matter throughout the year, and (3) high temperature and strong stratification resulting in intensive regeneration (sediment and water column) and accumulation of nutrients below the thermocline in summer and fall. The magnitude and spatiotemporal scales of this HNLO pool were determined by the available amount of organic matter, stability of stratification, isolation of CCB, and wind-induced lateral transport and mixing. This HNLO pool may significantly impact the biogeochemical processes and ecosystem dynamics in CCB.
A collaborative program to retrain Lockheed Martin aero engineers

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company in Marietta, Georgia, wanted to transform a surplus of engineers from traditional areas into software engineers, whom it found hard to attract and keep as employees. LM Aero-Marietta approached Southern Polytechnic State University to plan and offer a software engineering retraining program. This program turns traditionally trained aerospace engineers into software engineers through 30 weeks of university coursework and a company practicum. The lessons learned are not unique; for instance, what works on one project can't necessarily be replicated.
Methodology for Evaluating Large Truck Access to Intermodal and Other Facilities

In a recent project for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), researchers were tasked with developing a method to evaluate objectively the access for large trucks between intermodal or other truck-traffic-generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS). The routes evaluated were the actual roadway segments used by trucks traveling between intermodal or other facilities and the NHS. The choice to evaluate specific heavily used roadway segments, as opposed to evaluating an entire highway or roadway corridor, was based on the recommendation of Kentucky's Intermodal Advisory Panel, which advises the KYTC on intermodal issues. This allowed researchers to identify the actual problems being experienced, even when the routes included segments of many different highways and jurisdictions. Part of this study included the development of objective measures that could be used for comparing and prioritizing sections. The methodology that was developed and is currently being used to evaluate routes to 50 tr...
Vibrational properties of hydrogen chemisorbed on W(001) and Mo(001)

Abstract The three-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces for hydrogen chemisorbed on clean W(001) and Mo(001) surface are calculated using effective medium theory. The Schrodinger equation for hydrogen and deuterium motion on the surface is solved numerically. The equilibrium geometry as well as the spectrum of vibrational excitations are obtained. Calculations of the dipole cross sections for vibrational excitation reveals that both parallel vibrations as well as overtones can be excited by a dipole field. The magnitude of the hydrogen-hydrogen interactions are calculated and found to be significant for full coverage.
Neurological outcome of long-term glioblastoma survivors

Extended survival of 3 or more years is rare in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but is becoming more common. Clinical outcome has not been well studied. We reviewed GBM patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 2001 and 2003 who were seen for two or more visits. Patient characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes were reviewed for patients who had survived 3 or more years following diagnosis. Thirty-nine (11%) of 352 GBM patients were identified as long-term survivors. Median survival was 9.15 years (range: 3-18 years). Median age was 47 years (range: 16-69); 13% were 65 years or older. Median KPS was 90 (range: 50-100). One long-term survivor underwent biopsy alone; 19 patients each had either complete or subtotal resection. All received focal radiotherapy (RT) with a median dose of 5940 cGy; 18% received concurrent temozolomide. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 35 (90%). Twelve patients (31%) remained in continuous remission. Twenty-seven had tumor progression a median of 29.2 months after diagnosis (range: 1.2-167 months); 18 had multiple relapses. Median KPS at last follow-up was 70 (range: 40-100); 85% of long-term survivors had at least one significant neurologic deficit. Eleven (28%) had clinically significant RT-induced leukoencephalopathy, 9 (23%) developed RT necrosis and 9 (23%) treatment-related strokes. Treatment-related complications occurred a median of 2.7 years from diagnosis (range: 0.9-11.5 years). Long-term survivors remain rare, but are found across all age groups despite multiple recurrences; clinically significant delayed complications of treatment are common.
How to Find Genuine Diamonds in Arkansas hosted by Glenn W. Worthington. Available through Mid-America Prospecting, PO Box 1063, Murfreesboro, AR 71958. 84-minute DVD; 2008; $19 + $5 shipping and handling.

This interesting DVD is designed to introduce one to the location and history of Arkansas' Crater of Diamonds State Park and the diamond hunting techniques used by the thousands of visitors who flo...
Standard and Double Dose Ipratropium Bromide and Combined Ipratropium Bromide and Inhaled Metaproterenol in COPD

Inhaled ipratropium bromide (IPR) is effective in the management of COPD. The purpose of this study was to determine if doubling the standard dose of IPR resulted in greater bronchodilation and if the addition of an inhaled beta-agonist was superior to standard dose IPR alone. Twelve male patients with stable COPD completed a double blind, randomized trial. On each of three consecutive days, following baseline spirometry, all patients inhaled two puffs of IPR. This was followed by either two additional puffs of IPR, two puffs of metaproterenol (META), or two puffs of placebo. All inhalants were delivered by an InspirEase spacer. Spirometry was repeated at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The group mean percentage increases in the FEV1 and FVC from baseline were similar at all times tested for the three protocols. In conclusion, for the group, there was no objective benefit to doubling the standard dose of IPR or combining IPR with META. Two of 12 patients benefited from combining the two bronchodilators. A potential sequence for bronchodilator testing is suggested.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Prospective Teachers’ Dispositions and Achievement in a Mathematics Content Course for Elementary Education Majors

1. James E. R. Beyers[1][1] 1. 1The College of New Jersey, Ewing, USA 1. James E. R. Beyers, School of Education, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA Email: beyers{at}tcnj.edu The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between prospective teachers’ dispositions and their achievement in a mathematics content course for elementary education majors. Research suggests that components of student dispositions with respect to mathematics can mediate learning via how students may or may not take advantage of opportunities to learn. Consequently, one might expect that there would be measurable differences in the relationship between students’ dispositions and achievement in mathematics. A total of 107 prospective teachers who enrolled in a teacher preparation program at a midsized, mid-Atlantic university participated in this study by taking a researcher-designed survey, the Mathematics Dispositional Functions Inventory. Achievement was measured by the average of grades participants earned on two exams given in the mathematics course. Three achievement groups (high, moderate, and low) were determined based on the distribution of achievement scores. Results indicate that significant differences in prospective teachers’ dispositions with respect to mathematics exist according to achievement in mathematics in two of the three primary categories of dispositional functioning, affective and conative, but not in the third category, dispositional cognitive functioning. [1]: #aff-1
ELECTRON--ELECTRON BREMSSTRAHLUNG FROM A QUANTUM PLASMA (Z = 1).

The nonrelativistic limit of the Born cross section for electron-electron bremsstrahlung is integrated over a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron distribution. Results for the spectrum are compared with the electron-ion ($Z=1$) bremsstrahlung spectrum found in the literature. The long-wavelength limit is obtained and compared with recent classical calculations. Corrections to the spectrum for low temperatures and high frequencies are discussed. It is concluded that at electron temperatures $k{T}_{e}\ensuremath{\ge}10$ keV, electron-electron bremsstrahlung should be included in calculations of the emission spectrum, especially in the short-wavelength region.
Gravitational corrections to the unification scale in SO(10) with a low right-handed mass scale

Abstract In a recent paper, Hill examined the influence of a higher dimensional operator induced in the SU(5) lagrangian by gravity. It was found that this operator could produce a significant increase in the unification scale and in a drastic lowering of the value of sin2ΘW in disagreement with phenomenology. In the low-energy parity restoration scenario within SO(10) we arrive at values of sin2θW which are too large. We examine the possible influence of the corresponding operator in SO(10) to see if it can lower sin2θW sufficiently to agree with data. We find agreement with data is possible with several possible choices of the Higgs sector.
Nephritic Factor: Its Structure and Function and Its Relationship to Initiating Factor of the Alternative Pathway

Nephritic factor (NF) has a molecular weight of 170,000 and is composed of two disulfide-linked 85,000-dalton chains. NF assembles the fluid phase C3 convertase from Factors B and D, C3, and magnesium by physically incorporating itself into the enzyme complex. NF exerts its stabilizing effect on the cell-bound C3/C5 convertase, EC3b,B, by physically associating itself with this complex. On decay of the cell-bound enzyme NF is released into the fluid phase and retains its binding and stabilizing potential. Its activity is resistant to diisopropylfluorophosphate treatment. Because NF causes agglutination of EC3b,B, it must be endowed with more than one binding site.
Optimal Simulation for Large Dynamic Systems

Like most engineering design problems, simulation design for large dynamic systems should seek a trade- o® between performance and cost. Here the perfor- mance is de¯ned by simulation accuracy; and the cost is related to computational resource, measured by the total wordlength. The simulation accuracy depends on model complexity, model realization and computational implementation. The optimal simula- tion problem is to determine all these factors to en- sure desired accuracy with available computational resource. When computational cost is the primary concern, one can minimize the computational re- source with simulation accuracy constraint. We de- ¯ne the economical simulation problem (ESP) as de- signing the simulation of a stable linear system and distributing computational resources (wordlength) among the digital devices such that the computa- tional cost(memory) is minimized without violat- ing the required simulation accuracy. This problem is generally not convex because of the scaling con- straint. By exploring the special structure of this joint optimization of the choice of the realizations and the computational resources to be applied, and under a scaling assumption, the ESP is converted to a convex problem. Numerical results are given which compare this method with existing approaches.
Presence of receptors for polymerized albumin in HBsAg‐containing hepatocytes and hepatoma cell line

Recent evidence suggests that hepatitis B virions (HBV) and HBsAg particles contain receptors for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA). We studied, by immunohistochemical techniques, the relationship between HBsAg and pHSA receptors in liver tissue from eight patients with chronic HBV infection and in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) producing HBsAg. Both parallel sections and double fluorescent antibody staining of liver tissue demonstrated that only HBsAg-containing hepatocytes expressed pHSA receptors. The receptors could not be demonstrated in eight HBsAg negative livers. Sequential studies of PLC/PRF/5 cells revealed that pHSA and HBsAg emerged simultaneously in the cytoplasm, on the cell surface, and in the supernatant culture media. These findings indicate that pHSA receptors are closely associated with HBsAg during its synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes and suggest that the receptors are HBV-specific.
Design Compensation for Fabrication Imperfections of Microgyroscopes

MEMS microgyroscopes consist of proof masses which are driven in vibration. The sensing of angular motion requires certain symmetry in the driven motion. This symmetry is destroyed by imperfections introduced during the device fabrication. We propose strategies at the design stage that can compensate for the effect of fabrication imperfections. Our analyses are conducted through a discrete coupled oscillator model. The results are further verified through a finite element model of a tuning-fork microgyroscope design.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Control of green peach aphid on sweet peppers in Delaware.

Granular-soil and foliar-spray insecticidal treatments were evaluated for control of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in field tests on sweet peppers during 1969, 1970, and 1971 in Delaware, Carbofuran, Cyolane® (cyclic ethylene P, P . diethyl phosphonodithioimido carbonate), methomyl, Orthene® ( O, S -dimethyl N -acetyl phosphoramidothioate), disulfoton, and dimethoate effectively reduced populations of this aphid. Carbofuran and Orthene also controlled the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), the principal pest of sweet peppers in the Delmarva region.
The impact of previous cesarean section on the success of future fetal programming pattern

The purpose of this study is to examine whether cesarean section in the first pregnancy is associated with the success or failure of programmed fetal growth phenotypes or patterns in the subsequent pregnancy. We analyzed data from a population-based retrospective cohort of singleton deliveries that occurred in the state of Missouri from 1978 to 2005 (n = 1,224,133). The main outcome was neonatal mortality, which was used as an index of the success of fetal programming. Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to generate point estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Mothers delivering by cesarean section in the first pregnancy were less likely to deliver subsequent appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.92) when compared with mothers delivering vaginally. Of the 1,457 neonatal deaths in the second pregnancy, 383 early neonatal and 95 late neonatal deaths were to mothers with cesarean section deliveries in the first pregnancy. When compared with women with a previous vaginal delivery, AGA neonates of women with a primary cesarean section had 20% increased risk of both neonatal (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37) and early neonatal (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.43) death. Our study suggests that previous cesarean section is a risk factor for neonatal mortality among AGA infants of subsequent pregnancy. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of disease burden on cryoablation prostate-specific antigen outcomes.

Objectives To identify prognostic factors for favorable biochemical outcome (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] Methods The charts from 122 cryoablation patients treated at Cleveland Clinic from 2004 through May 2009 were reviewed. Patient age, race, PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score, risk category, prostate gland volume, clinical T stage, number of cores positive, percent of core involved with disease, ratios of number of cores positive to total cores biopsied and number of cores positive to prostate gland volume, and initial PSA results were studied. An initial post-cryoablation PSA of Results A total of 16.4% of patients had unfavorable postoperative PSA levels. On univariate analysis, number of cores positive ( P = .031) and maximum percent core positive ( P = .024) were prognostic of PSA outcome. On multivariate analysis, number of cores positive ( P = .010), maximum percent core positive ( P = .034), and ratio of number of positive cores to prostate gland volume (cm 3 ) ( P = .023) were prognostic for favorable PSA outcomes based on an initial PSA Conclusions Favorable PSA outcomes after primary prostate cryoablation appear to be correlated with disease burden. The relative disease burden as defined by the number of and percent core positive, and the ratio of number of cores positive to prostate gland volume (cm 3 ) are highly prognostic for initial post-cryoablation PSA
A framework for the youth with type 1 diabetes during the emerging adulthood transition

Emerging adulthood, a developmental period from late adolescence to the late twenties, is a critical transition for youths with type 1 diabetes. This article proposes a framework for emerging adults with diabetes during this transitional time, integrating theoretical writings on transitions and emerging adulthood with empirical findings from younger adolescents with diabetes, about whom more is known. Key health, developmental, and behavioral outcomes are proposed, as well as key influential personal and environmental characteristics. Influential transitional events for this age group are also discussed relative to these outcomes and to personal and environmental characteristics. This framework provides a guide for longitudinal studies on the transition to young adulthood among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Identifying key times and influential factors will provide information for designing future effective interventions to improve glycemic control and quality of life for these youths as they transition to adulthood.
Radiation Exposure with Use of the Mini-C-Arm for Routine Orthopaedic Imaging Procedures

Background: The use of mobile fluoroscopic devices during orthopaedic procedures is associated with substantial concern with regard to the radiation exposure to surgeons and support staff. The perceived increased risks associated with large c-arm devices have been well documented. However, no study to date has documented the relative radiation risk associated with the use of a mini-c-arm device. The purpose of the current study was to determine the amount of radiation received by the surgeon during the use of a mini-c-arm device and to compare this amount with documented measurements associated with the large c-arm device. Methods: With use of a radiation dosimeter, measurements were carried out with tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantoms to quantitatively determine exposure rates at various locations and distances from the mini-c-arm for two common upper and lower extremity procedures. Results: Regardless of position, distance, or relative duration of exposure, exposure rates resulting from the use of the mini-c-arm device were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those reported in the literature in association with the use of the large c-arm device. Conclusions: The mini-c-arm device should be utilized whenever feasible in order to eliminate many of the concerns associated with use of the large c-arm device, specifically those related to cumulative radiation hazards, positioning considerations, relative distance from the beam, and the need for protective shielding.
Plasma 3-Nitrotyrosine Is Elevated in Premature Infants Who Develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Objective. Premature infants are susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of infancy that appears to be caused in part by oxidative stress from hyperoxia. To investigate the possible role of nitric oxide-derived oxidants such as peroxynitrite in the etiology of BPD, we measured levels of plasma 3-nitrotyrosine, which is produced by the reaction of peroxynitrite with proteins. Patients and Methods. Ten premature infants who developed BPD, defined as requiring supplemental oxygen beyond 36 weeks9 postmenstrual age, were identified retrospectively from a group of subjects enrolled in a clinical trial of antenatal therapy. Serial plasma samples had been collected on these infants during the first month of life as part of the trial. Sixteen comparison premature infants were identified from the same population: 5 had no lung disease, 6 had respiratory distress syndrome that resolved, and 5 had residual lung disease at 28 days of life that resolved by 36 weeks9 postmenstrual age. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine levels were measured using a solid phase immunoradiochemical method. Results. All 3-nitrotyrosine values in infants without BPD were Conclusion. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine content is increased during the first month of life in infants who develop BPD. This suggests that peroxynitrite-mediated oxidant stress may contribute to the development of this disease in premature infants and that 3-nitrotyrosine may be useful as an early plasma indicator of infants at risk for developing BPD.
Liprins, a Family of LAR Transmembrane Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase-interacting Proteins

LAR family transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatases function in axon guidance and mammary gland development. In cultured cells, LAR binds to the intracellular, coiled coil LAR-interacting protein at discrete ends of focal adhesions, implicating these proteins in the regulation of cell-matrix interactions. We describe seven LAR-interacting protein-like genes in humans and Caenorhabditis elegans that form the liprin gene family. Based on sequence similarities and binding characteristics, liprins are subdivided into alpha-type and beta-type liprins. The C-terminal, non-coiled coil regions of alpha-liprins bind to the membrane-distal phosphatase domains of LAR family members, as well as to the C-terminal, non-coiled coil region of beta-liprins. Both alpha- and beta-liprins homodimerize via their N-terminal, coiled coil regions. Liprins are thus multivalent proteins that potentially form complex structures. Some liprins have broad mRNA tissue distributions, whereas others are predominately expressed in the brain. Co-expression studies indicate that liprin-alpha2 alters LAR cellular localization and induces LAR clustering. We propose that liprins function to localize LAR family tyrosine phosphatases at specific sites on the plasma membrane, possibly regulating their interaction with the extracellular environment and their association with substrates.
Behavior of Honeycomb FRP Sandwich Structure under Combined Effects of Service Load and Low Temperatures

This paper presents the experimental study about the behavior of honeycomb fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) sandwich structure with corrugated cores under the combined effects of service load and low-temperature cycling (ranging from 24°C to -35°C). The potential debonding at the interfaces between the corrugated cores and face sheets because of the service-load condition specific to bridge engineering at low temperatures and its impact on stiffness are studied in this paper. The finite-element analysis (FEA) was utilized to determine the load in the experiment. The experiment consisted of tests conducted at four different temperatures. The load-strain responses were monitored to study the behaviors of HFRP sandwich panels. On the basis of the observation and results from the experiment, this paper concludes that the deflection limit span over 400 can potentially be adopted in practice without incurring stiffness degradation because of interface debonding. The paper also shows that it is essential to study...
Looking for magic - hoping for inspiration: what we learned from our training survey

What do you do when the attendance in all of your workshops drops to fifty percent? This isn't a sudden drop. It is something that you notice has been happening over several semesters. These are workshops that you've been offering for years. Does that mean that you've saturated the campus? Or, are your workshops old and out dated? You've been revamping them to the new versions of software, but has that been enough?. Are you meeting the training needs that people are expecting? What are those training needs? Are those training needs what you thought they were? Are you offering workshops at the right time? Should you be offering evening and Saturday workshops?. These are all questions our department, Instructional Services at the University of Kansas, found ourselves asking about the workshops that we offer. During the spring and fall semesters, we offer a range of over 40 different types of workshops with about 100 workshop time frames during the semester. These workshops are open to faculty, staff and students as well as KU affiliates. During the past several semesters we've noticed a dramatic decrease in attendance. We wanted to take a hard look at our workshops. We put together several different surveys targeted specifically at faculty, staff and students. We planned to make these surveys available through a new feature in our portal that everyone at KU has the ability to access with authentication. We will share our results and how we changed our workshop structure.
Synthesis of Fluorinated ZDDP Compounds

Volatile degradation products of zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP) composed of phosphorus and sulfur compounds reduce the efficiency of catalytic converters resulting in harmful emissions. A unique way of reducing ZDDP level while maintaining good antiwear performance has been achieved by reacting a novel additive FeF3 with ZDDP. The objective of this research is to examine the chemical interactions between ZDDP and FeF3 that yield the new chemical species responsible for the improved wear performance. The approach adopted involves studies of thermal degradation products of ZDDP that are formed in presence and absence of FeF3. These intermediate products are responsible for the formation of protective tribofilms on the surface. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P and 19F) has been principally used to identify these products. Results have indicated the formation of new fluorinated phosphorus compounds formed as ‘early intermediate’ products in the reaction between ZDDP and FeF3. The chemical differences observed were used to justify the improved tribological behavior of the new fluorinated ZDDP compounds in comparison to ZDDP.
Efflux in isolated hepatocytes as a possible correlate of secretion in vivo: induced exit of the folic acid analog methotrexate, by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or isobutyl methyl xanthine.

Abstract Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and isobutyl methyl xanthine induce release of freely exchangeable methotrexate as well as a small component of apparently bound drug from freshly isolated rat hepatocytes; methotrexate polyglutamate derivatives are retained. These observations, as well as the energy dependence of methotrexate efflux induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP suggests that this may represent the induction of a “secretory” phenomenon in which drug is released into the capillary sinusoid and/or the bile canaliculus when the hepatocyte is in its normal spatial orientation in the liver lobule in , vivo . Because there is evidence that this folic acid analog and bile salts utilize the same transport mechanism in these cells, this phenomenon may have general physiological as well as pharmacologic relevance and the isolated hepatocyte may be a useful model system to study mechanisms of hepatic secretion at the cellular level.
Skingineering I: engineering porcine dermo-epidermal skin analogues for autologous transplantation in a large animal model

Extended full thickness skin defects still represent a considerable therapeutic challenge as ideal strategies for definitive autologous coverage are still not available. Tissue engineering of whole skin represents an equally attractive and ambitious novel approach. We have recently shown that laboratory-grown human skin analogues with near normal skin anatomy can be successfully transplanted on immuno-incompetent rats. The goal of the present study was to engineer autologous porcine skin grafts for transplantation in a large animal model (pig study = intended preclinical study). Skin biopsies were taken from the pig’s abdomen. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated and then expanded on culture dishes. Subsequently, highly concentrated collagen hydrogels and collagen/fibrin hydrogels respectively, both containing dermal fibroblasts, were prepared. Fibroblast survival, proliferation, and morphology were monitored using fluorescent labelling and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Finally, keratinocytes were seeded onto this dermal construct and allowed to proliferate. The resulting in vitro generated porcine skin substitutes were analysed by H&E staining and immunofluorescence. Dermal fibroblast proliferation and survival in pure collagen hydrogels was poor. Also, the cells were mainly round-shaped and they did not develop 3D-networks. In collagen/fibrin hydrogels, dermal fibroblast survival was significantly higher. The cells proliferated well, were spindle-shaped, and formed 3D-networks. When these latter dermal constructs were seeded with keratinocytes, a multilayered and partly stratified epidermis readily developed. This study provides compelling evidence that pig cell-derived skin analogues with near normal skin anatomy can be engineered in vitro. These tissue-engineered skin substitutes are needed to develop a large animal model to establish standardized autologous transplantation procedures for those studies that must be conducted before “skingineering” can eventually be clinically applied.
Metabolism of isolated rat brain perfused with glucose or mannose as substrate.

— After isolated rat brain preparations were perfused with fluid containing either mannose or glucose as metabolic substrate, extracts from the rapidly frozen cerebral cortex were prepared and analysed. Brains perfused with mannose contained somewhat lower levels of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose diphosphate than those perfused with glucose but the contents of other glycolytic intermediates were quite similar in both groups. The level of mannose-6-phosphate was high in brains perfused with either glucose or mannose, but higher in the latter. In both cases, the ratio of mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was very high, suggesting that phosphomannose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) may be important in the regulation of glycolysis. The levels of adenine nucleotides and creatine phosphate and the redox ratios were not significantly different with mannose as substrate than with glucose. The contents of free amino acids in brains perfused with mannose did not differ significantly from those in brains perfused with glucose. Our results show that mannose is a satisfactory substrate for the brain under these experimental conditions since it maintains the energy reserves and oxidative status of the cerebral tissue and does not alter the levels of amino acids.
K β 3 K β 1 Transition Probabilities in Elements of Medium and High Atomic Number

The $\frac{K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}}{K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{1}}$ transition probabilities have been measured for the following elements: $_{49}\mathrm{In}$, $_{50}\mathrm{Sn}$, $_{52}\mathrm{Te}$, $_{58}\mathrm{Ce}$, $_{65}\mathrm{Tb}$, $_{73}\mathrm{Ta}$, $_{75}\mathrm{Re}$, $_{79}\mathrm{Au}$, $_{82}\mathrm{Pb}$, $_{90}\mathrm{Th}$, $_{92}\mathrm{U}$, $_{93}\mathrm{Np}$, $_{94}\mathrm{Pu}$, and $_{95}\mathrm{Am}$. This has been accomplished using a spectrometer with a bent quartz crystal in conjunction with a Ge(Li) detector. The measured transition probabilities for elements of medium atomic numbers are in good agreement with calculations based on the relativistic Hartree-Slater potential, while in the region of high atomic number the measured values seem to favor theoretical values obtained assuming a Coulomb potential with the electron screening effect prescribed by Burns.
Validation of PON1 enzyme activity assays for longitudinal studies.

Background Paraoxonase (PON1) enzymatic activity assays are used to characterize sensitivity to organophosphates and oxidative stress. Length of sample storage, temperature and other factors may influence variability of PON1 measurements, especially in longitudinal studies.
Cognitive correlates of metamemory in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE Metamemory, or knowledge of one's memory abilities, is often impaired in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the basis of this metacognitive deficit has not been fully articulated. Behavioral and imaging studies have produced conflicting evidence regarding the extent to which specific cognitive domains (i.e., executive function; memory) and brain regions contribute to memory awareness. The primary aim of this study was to disentangle the cognitive correlates of metamemory in AD by examining the relatedness of objective metamemory performance to cognitive tasks grouped by domain (executive function or memory) as well as by preferential hemispheric reliance defined by task modality (verbal or nonverbal). METHOD Eighty-nine participants with mild AD recruited at Columbia University Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania underwent objective metamemory and cognitive testing. Partial correlations were used to assess the relationship between metamemory and four cognitive variables, adjusted for recruitment site. RESULTS The significant correlates of metamemory included nonverbal fluency (r = .27, p = .02) and nonverbal memory (r = .24, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that objectively measured metamemory in a large sample of individuals with mild AD is selectively related to a set of interdomain nonverbal tasks. The association between metamemory and the nonverbal tasks may implicate a shared reliance on a right-sided cognitive network that spans frontal and temporal regions.
Reactivity Index Scale for Interaction of Heteroatomic Molecules with Zeolite Framework

The activity of different interacting heteroatomic molecules such as CO2, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, NH3, and H2O along with the zeolite framework is investigated using a range of reactive indexes using density functional theory (DFT). From the values of the local softness and the charge on the hydrogen atom of the bridging hydroxyl, used as the first approximation to the local hardness, it is concluded that the acidities of the zeolite-type model systems, used in the calculations, are dependent on several characteristics which are of importance within the framework of the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle. We investigated the local softness of the interacting species, namely, CO2, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, NH3, and H2O, to compare their affinity with the zeolite framework cluster models. The recently proposed local hard−soft acid−base principle characterizes the reactive centers of two systems on the basis of equal local softness. We validate the proposition by considering the interaction between systems wit...
Examination of the interrelationship between aliphatic group dipole moment and polar substituent constants

The relationships between 210 aliphatic group dipole moments (mu) and Taft polar constants (sigma *) are explored, and they are shown to be correlated by a general equation: mu = -a X sigma * -b X n' -c, where a, b, and c are constants. The value n' is a parameter reflecting the attenuating factor due to the number and electronic nature of the interval atoms between the most electronegative atom and the first atom connected to the acetate in the measurement of sigma *. The mu and sigma * values of over 214 aliphatic substituents are compiled for future correlation studies. Comparative examples using sigma * and mu in quantitative structure-activity relationships are presented.