cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coastal Impervious Cover and Watershed Scale: Implications for Environmental Management, New Hanover County, North Carolina

Environmental planners seek techniques that will enable them to analyze impervious cover to develop sound management plans for coastal regions. The spatial scale in which impervious cover has traditionally been widely analyzed is mismatched to the fine-scale resolution needed for local environmental management. This study examines impervious cover in New Hanover County, North Carolina using LiDAR derived subwatersheds and United States Geological Survey USGS 14-digit hydrologic unit watersheds to evaluate potential scale-dependency of impervious cover estimates. Spatial analysis of impervious cover across multi-scale watersheds indicates that fine scale subwatersheds exhibit patterns not revealed with coarser watersheds. Spatial and cartographic analyses suggest that localized impervious development and its expansion in first-order drainages originating in coastal lagoon watersheds is more appropriately analyzed using fine-scale, LiDAR-derived watersheds. Results stress the importance of using scale in watershed management and hydrogeomorphic context to aid planners when making decisions involving impervious cover.
Chromophore-polymer thin-film assemblies for nonlinear optics:molecular engineering and nonlinear-optical characterization

New nonlinear optical materials with unusual ancillary properties are crucial to major advances in many technological areas, such as optoelectronics, optical information processing, and integrated optics. Recent experimental results suggest that polymer-based organic materials may offer unique advantages in tailorability and performance over more traditional inorganics, especially in waveguide applications. We report recent results of our studies of two promising approaches to the construction of χ(2) polymeric thin-film materials. In one approach glassy polymers with high glass transition temperatures are covalently functionalized with selected chromophores. Macroscopic noncentrosymmetry, necessary for the manifestation of a nonvanishing χ(2), is achieved by electric-field poling to induce preferential chromophore alignment. Several polystyrene and poly(p-phenylene oxide) systems exhibiting d33 values as high as 65 × 10−9 esu at λ = 1.064 μm have been studied. The temporal stability of these systems is greatly improved over that of simple guest-host analogs and can be further enhanced by physical aging and by effecting thermal cross-linking simultaneously with poling.
The Anticipation of International Crises

The changing definition of international crisis is noted and related to the three major series of crises in the twentieth century. The rapid adaptation and institutionalization of American foreign and defense policy machinery to fit the crisis conditions of the Cold War era are traced in order to indicate the nature of the dislocation that began to occur in a “transition period” after 1964. The need to restructure and reinstitutionalize concepts and practices in the American foreign affairs establishment according to the requirements of the ongoing transformation of the international system is interpreted with special reference to conceptual reorientations toward crisis phenomena. Fresh opportunities to advance crisis studies in both theory and research under a closer cooperative relationship between the academic and policy communities are outlined.
Nanomedicine: Going small to beat the high

Aggregated form of single-walled carbon nanotubes can inhibit the neurochemical and behavioural effects induced by methamphetamine, offering a potential treatment for drug addiction and abuse.
How crowdsourcing improves prediction of market-oriented outcomes

Abstract Firms often struggle to be proficient in predicting uncertain market conditions and forecasting the outcomes of their business initiatives. This research introduces crowdsourcing as an innovative tool that can enhance market information processing, and in turn, improve prediction of market-oriented outcomes (e.g., sales). We field test a forecasting tournament with employees at a Fortune 100 consumer packaged goods firm, and examine the extent to which predictions based on the “wisdom of the crowd” outperform those generated by traditional forecasting approaches. We find that crowdsourcing produces results superior to the firm's incumbent approaches almost three-fourths of the time across a broad range of business decisions. Additionally, we conduct a survey with participants to open up the “black box” of crowdsourcing. We find that differences in information acquisition and interpretation are the underlying mechanisms that can explain the improved prediction accuracy found through crowdsourcing.
The Use of Patient Perceptions in the Evaluation of Health-Care Delivery Systems

OBJECTIVES. Patient perceptions are increasingly used to measure quality of care in a diversity of health-care delivery settings. The goals of this article are to review the current use of patient perceptions and to review what is known about the sensitivity of patient perceptions for discerning variations in care across delivery systems. METHODS. This article first provides a rationale for using patient perceptions to evaluate delivery systems and reviews proposed frameworks for measuring perceptions. It then reviews illustrative studies that have used patient perceptions to compare delivery systems or that have examined associations between patient perceptions and other health-care indicators. RESULTS. Although the results of these studies suggest some general relations between patient perceptions and characteristics of delivery systems, findings are often inconsistent across individual studies. These inconsistencies may be related to several potential methodological limitations, including failure to account for the impact of patient mix, ceiling effects of patient responses, nonresponse bias, differences in data collection methods and timing of surveys, use of proxy respondents, and differences in survey instruments. CONCLUSIONS. The discussion concludes with five conceptual challenges and recommendations for further research: (1) to establish the sensitivity of patient perceptions for discerning differences across delivery systems; (2) to establish relations between alternative frameworks for measuring patient perceptions; (3) to standardize the measurement of patient perceptions; (4) to define optimal ways of presenting patient perceptions data to users; and (5) to broaden the "patient" populations in which perceptions of care have been measured.
Studies of a Phenomenological Model of Ion Mixing

The phenomenological model of ion mixing based on the concept of a thermal spike and chemically biased diffusion is further developed. Experimental results available to date are compared with the model.
Tuning the electronic properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides by applying mechanical strains.

Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are emerging as the potential alternatives to graphene. As in the case of graphene, the monolayer of TMDs can easily be exfoliated using mechanical or chemical methods, and their properties can also be tuned. At the same time, semiconducting TMDs (MX2; M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) possess an advantage over graphene in that they exhibit a band gap whose magnitude is appropriate for applications in the opto-electronic devices. Using ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that this band gap can be widely tuned by applying mechanical strains. While the electronic properties of graphene remain almost unaffected by tensile strains, we find TMDs to be sensitive to both tensile and shear strains. Moreover, compared to that of graphene, a much smaller amount of strain is required to vary the band gap of TMDs. Our results suggest that mechanical strains reduce the band gap of semiconducting TMDs causing an direct-to-indirect band gap and a semiconductor-to-metal...
Thus spake the specialist: a psychotherapeutic approach.

This is a report on a seminar conducted to examine the use of psychotherapy by non-psychiatric physicians. Meetings were held weekly, under the direction of a psychiatrist. Participants were practicing physicians representing many fields, including general practice. The case presentations (two are summarized here) evoked lively discussion of numerous basic issues in medical practice (time, fees, drugs, advice, reassurance). The sharing of experiences proved beneficial to all concerned. Often the meetings took on the form of institutionalized “bull sessions.”
Recent developments in the use of computed tomography scanners in coronary artery imaging

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Within the past decade, substantial evolution of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) has affected evaluation and management of coronary artery disease. In particular, technical advancement of hardware technology and image reconstruction of CT scanners have played an important role in this context making it possible to acquire abundant data with excellent temporal and spatial resolution within a shorter scan time. In addition, a concern related to the high radiation exposure in the initial noninvasive coronary artery imaging has triggered improvement in dose reduction techniques.Areas covered: In this review article, we have focused on recent technological developments in CT scanners and the impact of these developments on CCTA parameters.Expert Commentary: CCTA plays an important role in coronary artery disease management, and technical development of the CT scanners can be expected to address and remedy technical limitations.
Grey relational analysis among the main economical characters which series is the new line of Liaojing

Aim at the main economical characters which series is the new line of Liaojing,apply grey relational analysis to analyze yield.The result indicated that it should strengthen selecting setting percentage,pellet density and tillering to increase the yield in the range of plant height.
Prokaryotic expression,purification and crystallization of human PHF8

Objective Purification and crystallization of human PHF8.Methods The plasmid PHF8/pet28b,constructed by molecular cloning,was transformed into Rosetta2(DE3) cell,and PHF8 was induced by IPTG.Recombinant protein was purified,crystallized,and diffracted and its structure was solved.Results Recombinant PHF8 protein was expressed in E.coli,and then subjected to affinity purification followed by gel filtration separation.PHF8 protein with hexagon-1ike crystals was obtained.Conclusion The enzymatically active PHF8 protein was purified using the prokaryotic expression system,its crystal particle was obtained,and that facilitates to identify the overall structure of PHF8 catalytic core.
Double epigenetic modulation of high‐dose chemotherapy with azacitidine and vorinostat for patients with refractory or poor‐risk relapsed lymphoma

Background More active high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) regimens are needed for refractory lymphomas. The authors previously combined infusional gemcitabine with busulfan and melphalan (Gem/Bu/Mel) pursuing DNA damage repair inhibition. Subsequently, they combined Gem/Bu/Mel with vorinostat, which facilitates chemotherapy access to DNA. The resulting regimen was safe and synergistic. However, vorinostat induced DNA methyltransferase up-regulation, which could be preclinically abrogated by azacitidine, increasing tumor-cell kill. Those observations led to a clinical combination of azacitidine with vorinostat/Gem/Bu/Mel. Methods Patients ages 12 to 65 years with refractory or poor-risk relapsed lymphomas were eligible. They received intravenous azacitidine on days -11 through -3 at doses from 15 to 35 mg/m(2) daily (dose levels 1-3), followed by oral vorinostat (1000 mg once daily on days -11 through -3), gemcitabine (2775 mg/m(2) over 4.5 × 2), busulfan (at an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 4000 daily × 4), and melphalan (60 mg/m(2) × 2). Patients who had tumors that were positive for CD20 (cluster of differentiation 20; B-lymphocyte antigen) received rituximab on day -9. Results In total, 60 patients were enrolled, including 26 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (10 double hit/double expressors), 21 with Hodgkin lymphoma, 8 with T-cell lymphoma, and 5 with other B-cell lymphomas. The median patient age was 41 years (range, 16-65 years), patients had received a median of 3 prior lines of chemotherapy (range, 2-7 lines of chemotherapy); and 32% of tumors were positive on positron emission tomography studies at the time of HDC. Two patients died from treatment complications (respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia and sepsis, respectively). The maximum tolerated dose of azacitidine was encountered at dose level 1 (15 mg/m(2) daily). The toxicity profile (mainly mucositis and dermatitis) was manageable and was identical to that of vorinostat/Gem/Bu/Mel. Neutrophils and platelets engrafted promptly. At a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 8-27 months), the event-free and overall survival rates were 65% and 77%, respectively, among patients with DLBCL; 76% and 95%, respectively, among patients with Hodgkin lymphoma; and 88% for both among patients with T-cell lymphoma. Conclusions Double epigenetic modulation of Gem/Bu/Mel with azacitidine/vorinostat is feasible and highly active in patients with refractory/poor-risk relapsed lymphomas, warranting further evaluation. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2680-2688. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Unmyelinated nociceptors of rat paraspinal tissues.

1. We made recordings from rat dorsal root filaments to study unmyelinated afferent units (conduction velocity < or = 1.5 m/s) associated with deep paraspinal tissues of the dorsal sacrum and proxi...
Pyridine-Containing Reagents

The application of simple pyridines in organic synthesis is reviewed. All pyridine derivatives under discussion are either inexpensive commercial products or can easily be synthesised from readily available substrates. The catalytic pyridines include 2-(dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and chiral (2 S )-2[(2-pyridyloxy)methyl]pyrrolidine. Other substituted pyridines are stoichiometric reagents in the synthesis of fundamental classes of organic compounds.
Neuropsychiatry in the Elderly

The world’s population is rapidly aging, and many countries will experience a rapid increase in the number of aged individuals. This increase in the aged population will occur disproportionately in countries with developing economies where the recent introduction of public health policies have led to greater longevity. Diseases of the aged are responsible for enormous financial burdens in all countries. Three neuropsychiatric disorders are common in the elderly: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. Each of these is accompanied by substantial neuropsychiatric morbidity, with behavioral manifestations being common in each of these illnesses. Recent strides in understanding the basic mechanisms of degenerative and vascular disorders has led to the introduction of new therapies and promise even greater therapeutic strides. A neuropsychiatric research continuum is critically important to ensure that basic science advances result in improved patient care. This continuum includes the basic sciences, clinical sciences, translational research (aimed at discovering optimal techniques for translating advances in basic and clinical science into improved patient care), and educational research.
Personal artifact ecologies in the context of mobile knowledge workers

Abstract Recent work suggests that technological devices and their use cannot be understood in isolation, and must be viewed as part of an artifact ecology. With the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), studying artifact ecologies is essential in order to design new technologies with effective affordances. This paper extends the discourse on artifact ecologies by examining how such ecologies are constructed in the context of mobile knowledge work, as sociotechnical arrangements that consist of technological, contextual, and interpretive layers. Findings highlight the diversity of ICTs that are adopted to support mobile work practices, and effects of individual preferences and contextual factors (norms of collaboration, spatial mobility, and organizational constraints).
A Hybrid Mapping and Scheduling Algorithm for Distributed Workflow Applications in a Heterogeneous Computing Environment

Computing intensive scientific workflows structured as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) are widely applied to various distributed science and engineering applications to enable efficient knowledge discovery by automated data processing. Effective mapping and scheduling the workflow modules to the underlying distributed computing environment with heterogeneous resources for optimal network performance has remained as a challenge and attracted research efforts with many simulations and real experiments carried out in the grid and cloud infrastructures. Due to the computing intractability of this type of optimization problem, heuristic algorithms are commonly proposed to achieve the minimum end-to-end delay (EED) or other objectives such as maximum reliability and stability. In this paper, a Hybrid mapping algorithm combining Recursive Critical Path search and layer-based Priority techniques (HRCPP) is designed and developed to achieve the minimum EED. Four representative mapping and scheduling algorithms for minimum EED are compared with HRCPP. Our simulation results illustrate that HRCPP consistently achieves the smallest EED with a low algorithm running time observed from many different scales of simulated test cases.
Biochemistry and Lectin Binding Properties of Mammalian Salivary Mucous Glycoproteins

Mucus is a complex exocrine secretion that covers the epithelial linings of higher animals. This secretion is derived from different types of epithelial glands which are composed of a variety of specialized cells. Consequently, tear, sputum, saliva, gastric juice, colonic and cervical mucus are all composed of a heterogeneous mixture of secretory products. Salivary mucus is produced by several glands (Table I). The bulk of it is derived from three main organ glands, namely the parotid which is serous in nature, the submandibular which contains both mucous and serous type acini, and the predominantly mucus secreting sublingual gland (1–5). In addition, numerous so-called minor salivary glands are dispersed throughout the oral soft tissue (6,7). These labial glands are composed mainly of mucous secreting cells, and consequently are a major source of the total mucins in saliva although they comprise only some 10% of the salivary volume produced daily. Mixed salivary secretions contain some 99.5% water; the remainder is made up of glycocon jugates, lipids, proteins, ions and small metabolites (8–12) . Due to its great variety of components, saliva plays multiple physiological roles.
Neurodevelopmental Assessment of the Older Infant and Child

Abstract Neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders are extremely common in children. Screening frequently occurs in a primary care setting and then, if concerns arise, patients are typically referred to subspecialists including developmental–behavioral pediatricians, psychologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists for further assessment. Common diagnoses include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorders, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Assessments include a formal interview of caretakers, structured observations of the child and family, a physical examination, and collection of collateral information targeted at the differential diagnoses. Collateral data can range from parent- and teacher-completed questionnaires to formally administered tests of intelligence and academic achievement, and assessments looking at one specific diagnosis such as autism. Pediatric assessment requires ongoing follow-up and reassessment of evolving profiles.
Finding the Gaps: An Assessment of Concepts, Skills, and Employer Expectations for Plant Pathology Foundational Courses.

Foundational plant pathology courses, taught at the undergraduate level, serve students from a wide array of disciplines, and for most will be the only plant pathology course taken. This work exami...
Engaging Latino Fathers in Children's Eating and Other Obesity-Related Behaviors: a Review.

There is a growing evidence of the important role that fathers play in influencing their children’s eating and other weight-related behaviors. Latino children are at high risk for obesity and associated medical conditions. Engaging Latino fathers is a potentially important and unique way to help promote healthy lifestyles for Latino children, but doing so requires a culturally sensitive understanding both of fathers’ current role and the family perceptions of this role. Here, we review recent data and argue that there are subtle but important differences between the qualitative and quantitative research conducted regarding the role Latino fathers may play in promoting healthy eating and physical activity for their children. We suggest how to synthesize these findings and also present qualitative results for ways to best engage Latino fathers in research studies with a focus on physical activity. Results from the review support that Latino fathers are important potential targets for child obesity prevention, but our findings stress the importance of considering cultural values when trying to recruit, engage and retain Latino fathers for such research.
Infections after pediatric ambulatory surgery: Incidence and risk factors.

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) after pediatric ambulatory surgery.DesignObservational cohort study with 60 days follow-up after surgery.SettingThe study took place in 3 ambulatory surgical facilities (ASFs) and 1 hospital-based facility in a single pediatric healthcare network.ParticipantsChildren <18 years undergoing ambulatory surgery were included in the study. Of 19,777 eligible surgical encounters, 8,502 patients were enrolled.MethodsData were collected through parental interviews and from chart reviews. We assessed 2 outcomes: (1) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)–defined SSI and (2) evidence of possible infection using a definition developed for this study.ResultsWe identified 21 NSHN SSIs for a rate of 2.5 SSIs per 1,000 surgical encounters: 2.9 per 1,000 at the hospital-based facility and 1.6 per 1,000 at the ASFs. After restricting the search to procedures completed at both facilities and adjustment for patient demographics, there was no difference in the risk of NHSN SSI between the 2 types of facilities (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–2.3). Within 60 days after surgery, 404 surgical patients had some or strong evidence of possible infection obtained from parental interview and/or chart review (rate, 48 SSIs per 1,000 surgical encounters). Of 306 cases identified through parental interviews, 176 cases (57%) did not have chart documentation. In our multivariable analysis, older age and black race were associated with a reduced risk of possible infection.ConclusionsThe rate of NHSN-defined SSI after pediatric ambulatory surgery was low, although a substantial additional burden of infectious morbidity related to surgery might not have been captured by standard surveillance strategies and definitions.
The optimum temperature for the heat therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.

Abstract Purpose Numerous devices have been developed to warm the eyelid as a therapy for Meibomian gland dysfunction. The optimum temperature for such therapy was determined. Methods Meibum lipid disorder versus temperature was calculated from previously published phase transition parameters measured using infrared spectroscopy. Phase transitions parameters were calculated from meibum obtained from donors with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MMGD), donors who were susceptible to dry eye after hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (MHSCT) and meibum from donors without dry eye (Mn). Results Heating Mn to 40 °C increases the lipid disorder by 20.4%–90%. Heating the meibum another 4° increases the disorder to 95%. MMGD is 73.2% disordered with no heating. Heating MMGD to 41.5 °C increases the disorder by 26.8%–90% disordered. Heating MMGD another 5.1 °C increases the disorder to 95%. As MHSCT is much more ordered, 56.9% disordered compared with Mn and MMGD, a higher temperature above safety limits, 52 and 59 °C is need to disorder MHSCT to 90 and 95% disorder. Conclusions Heating the eye lid above the phase transition temperature of meibum increases the disorder of meibum lipid which could ameliorate dry eye symptoms. The optimum temperature for disordering Mn and MMGD to 90% maximum disorder is 40 and 41.5 °C, respectively. Safety issues and discomfort should be considered in obtaining an optimal level of disorder, especially for severe cases of dry eye.
HIGH-OUTPUT HEART FAILURE AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION SECONDARY TO UNCORRECTED POPLITEAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

High-output heart failure from arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an often overlooked cause of pulmonary hypertension. A 63 year-old male with hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and chronic atrial fibrillation presents with worsening exertional dyspnea since a nail gun injury 7 years ago. Vitals are normal. He
Prevention of brain damage after traumatic brain injury by pharmacological enhancement of KCNQ (Kv7, “M-type”) K+ currents in neurons:

Nearly three million people in the USA suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) yearly; however, there are no pre- or post-TBI treatment options available. KCNQ2-5 voltage-gated K+ channels underlie the...
Oral keratosis of unknown significance shares genomic overlap with oral dysplasia.

OBJECTIVES To identify molecular characteristics of keratosis of unknown significance and to nominate pathways of molecular progression to oral cancer. Our work could provide a rationale for monitoring and treating these lesions definitively. METHODS Patients with oral leukoplakia were eligible for our prospective observational study. We correlated alterations in cancer-associated genes with clinical and histopathologic variables (keratosis of unknown significance vs. moderate-to-severe dysplasia) and compared these alterations to a previously molecularly characterized oral cancer population. RESULTS Of 20 enrolled patients, 13 (65%) had evidence of keratosis of unknown significance, while seven (35%) had dysplasia. Nine patients (45%) developed oral cancer (4/13 with keratosis of unknown significance, 5/7 with dysplasia). At a median follow-up of 67 (range 22-144) months, median overall survival was significantly shorter for patients with dysplasia (hazard ratio 0.11, p = .02). KMT2C and TP53 alterations were most frequent (75% and 35%, respectively). There were molecular similarities between keratosis of unknown significance and dysplasia patients, with no significant differences in mutational frequency among genes with ≥15% rate of alteration. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with leukoplakia, both patients with keratosis of unknown significance and patients with dysplasia developed oral cancer. Molecular alterations between these two groups were similar at this sample size.
Who Is at the Center?: Designing Playful Experiences by Using Player-Centered Approach

In this article, I examine the player-centered design philosophy and how it is suitable to create playful experiences. Many scholars and designers employ this approach to enhance the user experience by incorporating game-like characteristics into their design. By getting help from the concept of implied player, I argue that the player is not at the center, but the designers who envision how the players play their game occupy that space in the player-centered design approach. I believe the player-centered design approach is suitable for playful experience design. However, the designers must give users the freedom because, without it, the center of the design that is reserved for the player becomes their prison. Playfulness is an attitude that flourishes when the user has the freedom to express themselves and interact with the design without limitations. To restore the original purpose of the player-centered design philosophy, I get help from sandbox games that offers an open-ended experience to the players. By using the sandbox game characteristics as the starting point, I propose to make playful experiences by removing the implied user from the player-centered design and leaving the center empty so that people may have the freedom to interact playfully.
Time to conception after miscarriage: How long to wait?

Narges Farahi, MD; Anne Mounsey, MD; University of North, Carolina at Chapel Hill, Beth Auten, MSLIS, MA, AHIP, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Impact of transitioning inpatient chemotherapy regimens to the outpatient setting.

BackgroundChemotherapy regimens historically have required admission of the patient to the hospital for extended infusions running over multiple days to complete each cycle of therapy. With the evo...
Gen-Oja: A Two-time-scale approach for Streaming CCA

In this paper, we study the problems of principal Generalized Eigenvector computation and Canonical Correlation Analysis in the stochastic setting. We propose a simple and efficient algorithm, Gen-Oja, for these problems. We prove the global convergence of our algorithm, borrowing ideas from the theory of fast-mixing Markov chains and two-time-scale stochastic approximation, showing that it achieves the optimal rate of convergence. In the process, we develop tools for understanding stochastic processes with Markovian noise which might be of independent interest.
Interprofessional Peer-Teaching and Learning Among Occupational and Respiratory Therapy Students During an Early Mobility Simulation

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) as foundational to achieving safe, high quality, accessible, patient-centered care (Buring et al., 2009). Interprofessional (IP) teams provide opportunities to exchange knowledge and appreciate the scope of practice among healthcare professions. Hospitals utilize a variety of IP teams. IP early mobility (EM) teams are common among the regionIs hospital systems; however, occupational therapy students (OTS) and respiratory therapy students (RTS) have minimal opportunity to participate. The purpose of the study is to describe this IP activity and evaluate and summarize student perceptions of this peer-teaching and learning activity. Methods: The study was approved by the IRB. Participants included graduate OTS and undergraduate RTS. To provide students with realistic patient interactions and optimal feedback during the simulation, volunteers were recruited from the local OT and RT network to role-play mechanically ventilated patients and patients on bland aerosol therapy via tracheostomy tube. Prior to the simulation, OTS and RTS presented on various components of their profession (scope of practice, importance of functional and EM, how to perform a stand-pivot transfer, overview of oxygen modalities and assessment parameters). Next, students were required to safely transfer the patient while maintaining equipment, monitoring vital signs, and appropriately assessing the patient. Finally, students were debriefed and asked to participate in a 4-point Likert scale survey consisting of 6 questions focused on the peer-teaching experience. Results were summarized by ni and fi. Results: 47 students participated; 31 OTS and 16 RTS. The ni and fi of students responding nStrongly Agreei to the 6 survey questions (Q) are: Q1 (n = 39) 83%, Q2 (n = 37) 79%, Q3 (n = 32) 68%, Q4 (n = 35) 74%, Q5 (n = 34) 72%, and Q6 (n = 46) 98%. Majority of students strongly agree with each survey question. Conclusions: Overall, student perceptions of this IP peer-teaching and learning activity and working in an IP environment were positive. Faculty plan to continue this IP activity. Reference: Buring SM, Bhushan A, Broeseker A, Conway S, Duncan-Hewitt W, Hansen L, Westberg S. Interprofessional education: definitions, student competencies, and guidelines for implementation. Am J Pharma Educ 2009;73(4). Disclosures: None
Neural encoding of reliability and validity of directional information during the preparation of targeted movements

Visual information about an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. However, when the anticipation is incorrect and the planned response must be changed, the reaction time is lengthened. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability and validity of visual information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75 or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that beta-band power from left mid-anterior channels correlated with the reliability of the cue after cue onset but before target onset. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex also transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of visual information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.
A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques for Management of Severe Rhinophyma.

Study Design:Systematic review of the literature.Objective:The goal of this study is to review the current literature on severe rhinophyma requiring operative management for significant cosmetic de...
Quality, upgrades and equilibrium in a dynamic monopoly market

Abstract We examine an infinite horizon model of quality growth for a durable goods monopoly. The seller may offer any bundle(s) of current and previous quality improvements (upgrades). Subgame perfect equilibrium seller payoffs range from capturing the full social surplus down to only the initial flow value of each good, as long as the value of all future quality growth exceeds the value of a single unit. Each of these payoffs is realized in a Markov perfect equilibrium that follows the socially efficient path. However, inefficient delay equilibria, with bundling, exist for innovation rates above a threshold.
Outcomes in hospitalisations of women with Turner syndrome compared to women without Turner syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes in patients with Turner Syndrome, especially those with cardiac conditions, compared to those without Turner syndrome. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study utilising hospitalisation data from 2006 to 2012. Conditional logistic regression models are used to analyse outcomes of interest: all-cause mortality, increased length of stay, and discharge to home. PARTICIPANTS We identified 2978 women with Turner syndrome, matched to 11,912 controls by primary diagnosis. RESULTS Patients with Turner syndrome were more likely to experience inpatient mortality (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.02, p = 0.04) and increased length of stay (OR 1.31, CI 1.18-1.46, p = 0.03) than primary diagnosis matched controls, after adjusting for age, race, insurance status, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with Turner syndrome were 32% less likely to be discharged to home (OR 0.68, CI 0.60-0.78, p < 0.001). When restricting the sample of patients to those admitted with a cardiac diagnosis, the likelihood of mortality (OR 3.10, CI 1.27-7.57, p = 0.01) and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.42, CI 1.03-1.95, p = 0.03) further increased, while the likelihood of discharge to home further decreased (OR 0.55, CI 0.38-0.80, p = 0.001) in Turner syndrome compared to primary diagnosis matched controls. Specifically, patients with congenital heart disease were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (OR: 1.53, CI 1.18-2.00, p = 0.002), but not increased mortality or decreased discharge to home. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalised women with Turner syndrome carry a higher risk of adverse outcomes even when presenting otherwise similarly as controls, an important consideration for those treating them in these settings.
Correction to: Predictors of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S

In the original publication of this article [1] there was 1 typographical error in the abstract. The incorrect and correct information is listed below. The original article has been updated. Incorrect – Most respondents were willing to get the vaccine for themselves (75%) or their children (73%). Notably, Black respondents were less willing than White respondents (47% vs. 79%, p<0.001), while Hispanic respondents were more willing than White respondents (80% vs. 75%, p<0.003). Females were less likely than makes (72% vs. 79%, p<0.001). Correct – Most respondents were willing to get the vaccine for themselves (75%) or their children (73%). Notably, Black respondents were less willing than White respondents (47% vs. 79%, p<0.001), while Hispanic respondents were more willing than White respondents (80% vs. 75%, p<0.003). Females were less likely than males (72% vs. 79%, p<0.001).
Learning with Data in the Twenty-First Century

Building on the historical perspective presented in the previous chapter, the goal of this chapter is to provide a broad overview of the current and evolving means and ways of data utilization. Grounded in the ideas of digital and analytic literacy, the ensuing overview sketches out a roadmap to the development of robust, organization-wide data analytic know-how-rooted informational productivity. Focused on that broad objective, the content of this chapter covers a wide array of data-driven sensemaking-related topical and methodological elements of knowledge, including a high-level overview of data sources and types, a review of core data due diligence and feature engineering considerations, a survey of key numeric and text data mining approaches and an overview of data access and usage rights and responsibilities. The overall goal of this chapter is to expressly address the core determinants of data analytic proficiency.
Association Between Early Trauma and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among Black Americans: Results From the Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular (MECA) Center for Health Equity.

Background: Early trauma (general, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse before age 18 years) has been associated with both cardiovascular disease risk and lifestyle-related risk factors for cardio...
A Framework for 3D Polysensometric Comparative Visualization

Typically any single sensor instrument suffers from physical/observation constraints. This paper discusses a generalized framework, called polysensometric visual information fusion framework (PVIF) that enables information from multiple sensors to be fused and compared to gain broader understanding of a target of observation. An automate software shell supporting comparative cognition has been developed to form 3D models based on the datasets from different sensors. This fusion framework not only provides an informatic engineering tool to overcome the constraints of individual sensor’s observation scope but also provides a means where theoretical understanding surrounding a complex target can be mutually validated and incrementally enhanced by comparative cognition about the object of interest.
d-Fucose as a Gratuitous Inducer of the l-Arabinose Operon in Strains of Escherichia coli B/r Mutant in Gene araC

d-Fucose, a nonmetabolizable analogue of l-arabinose, prevents growth of Escherichia coli B/r on a mineral salts medium plus l-arabinose by inhibiting induction of the l-arabinose operon. Mutations giving rise to d-fucose resistance map in gene araC and result in constitutive expression of the l-arabinose operon. Most of these mutations also permit d-fucose to serve as a gratuitous inducer. It is concluded that d-fucose-resistant mutants produce an araC gene product with an altered inducer specificity. Addition of l-arabinose to cells induced with the gratuitous inducer, d-fucose, resulted in severe transient repression of operon expression followed by permanent catabolite repression. Transient repression but no permanent catabolite repression was obtained when cells unable to metabolize l-arabinose were employed. It is concluded that transport of l-arabinose alone is sufficient to achieve transient repression of its own operon, but that metabolism of l-arabinose must occur to achieve permanent catabolite repression of the l-arabinose operon. This general effect has been termed "self-catabolite repression."
Removing Escrow from Identity-Based Encryption

Key escrow is inherent in identity-based encryption (IBE). A curious key generation center (KGC) can simply generate the user's private key to decrypt a ciphertext. However, can a KGC still decrypt if it does not know the intended recipient of the ciphertext? We answer by formalizing KGC anonymous ciphertext indistinguishability ($\mathcal{ACI-KGC}$). We find that all existing pairing-based IBE schemes without random oracles, whether receipt-anonymous or not, do not achieve KGC one-wayness, a weaker notion of $\mathcal{ACI-KGC}$. In view of this, we first show how to equip an IBE scheme by Gentry with $\mathcal{ACI-KGC}$. Second, we propose a new system architecture with an anonymous private key generation protocol such that the KGC can issue a private key to an authenticated user without knowing the list of users identities. This also better matches the practice that authentication should be done with the local registration authorities instead of the KGC. Our proposal can be viewed as mitigating the key escrow problem in a different dimension than distributed KGCs approach.
The interaction of nucleotides with the active site of staphylococcal nuclease. Spectrophotometric studies.

Abstract A number of nucleotides that inhibit enzymatic activity of staphylococcal nuclease and bind in a 1:1 molar ratio to its active site produce specific shifts in the absorption spectrum toward higher wave lengths when interacting with the enzyme. The difference spectrum, which results from the binding of deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate to nuclease at neutral pH, has tyrosyl peaks at 280 and 287 mµ, and a broad hypochromic phase at 240 to 270 mµ. The latter change results from perturbations of the nucleotide chromophore. Binding of deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate to nuclease facilitates ionization of the nucleotide, which probably accounts for the change in nucleotide absorption. No changes of tryptophyl absorption accompany binding of nucleotides to nuclease. The magnitudes of the spectral differences, measured at 287 or 247 mµ, vary with the concentration of Ca++ and the nature of the nucleotide in parallel with changes in catalytic activity. The dependence of nucleotide binding on pH suggests that a residue with a pK of 6 to 7 is involved in the binding process. Binding is almost maximal at pH 7, where catalytic activity is virtually absent. Spectrophotometric titrations with nucleotide indicate a stoichiometry of 1 mole of nucleotide per mole of enzyme. The dissociation constants for the nucleotide-nuclease complexes derived from spectral titration data are similar to those obtained from studies of inhibition of enzyme activity, gel filtration, and fluorescence properties of the protein. The spectral changes are dependent on an intact tertiary structure, as suggested by studies on the effects of urea, or of chemical modifications of the nuclease. The spectrophotometric titration curve, in the region of phenolic hydroxyl ionization, is shifted to considerably higher pH values when the titration is carried out on the nuclease nucleotide complex. Solvent perturbation studies reveal that four to five of the seven tyrosyl groups of native nuclease are exposed to the aqueous solvent. In the presence of deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, however, only one to two groups are similarly exposed. These experiments suggest that the process of binding nucleotides to the active site of nuclease involves "burying" of 3 to 4 tyrosyl residues. It cannot be determined from these studies whether this occurs by direct interaction of the nucleotide with tyrosyl groups or whether a conformational change is induced which, secondarily, affects these residues.
Technology of Polarization Diversity Radars for Meteorology

Conventional radars for meteorological measurements radiate and receive waves of a single fixed polarization. Almost invariably, linear polarization is used. Generally, present-day conventional systems have Doppler capability and thus they measure the first three moments of the Doppler spectrum, the zeroth moment being the usual radar reflectivity which depends upon the sixth moment of the particle size distribution (for Rayleigh scatterers) and to a lesser extent on the thermodynamic phase state (via the dielectric constant). Thus three target characteristics, namely the reflectivity and the mean and the spectral width of the Doppler spectrum, are measured for each resolution cell in the volume covered by such a radar. The science and technology of Doppler radar measurements are described in the book by Doviak and Zrnic (1984), while signal processing techniques are reviewed in this book (Passarelli and Keeler, Chapter 20a).
Prodromes and precursors: Epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset

OBJECTIVE: The concepts of prodrome and precursor are used to show how epidemiologic data on age at onset can be used in timing preventive interventions and selecting target populations. METHODS: Data concerning onset of DSM-III major depression and panic disorder were taken from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Cumulative distributions of ages at onset of diagnosis and onset of precursors are presented, and the concept of attributable risk is introduced. Attributable risk is the maximum proportion of cases that would be prevented if an intervention were 100% effective in eliminating a specific precursor. RESULTS: Illustrative results for depression and panic are presented. Precursors vary in the degree to which they predict onset of the full disorder; 2 or more weeks of sad mood in the year before full-blown depression is a better predictor (relative odds, 7.0) than weight loss or gain (relative odds, 3.0). The formula for population attributable risk was applied to the precursor relative risks and prevalences to estimate the potential success of interventions for specific precursors in preventing the disorder. The precursor attributable risks indicate that sleep problems would identify 47% of the new cases of major depression occurring in the following year, and the question "Are you a nervous person?" would identify 60% of persons with onset of panic disorder in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: This conceptual framework links the early natural history of disorders with the search for syndromes. Knowledge of precursor prevalence and attributable risk, combined with other host characteristics and environmental risk factors, can be used in screening and prevention.