cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
After MHC-matched allografting, host-derived langerhans cells (LCs) persist in skin and cutaneous lymph nodes in the steady-state and are the targets of DLI-mediated alloresponse

The mechanisms that govern T cell-mediated alloresponses in the post-transplant setting, particularly T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions, are critical for developing strategies to augment their antitumor effects and limit toxicity such as GVHD. We hypothesize that kinetics of DC reconstitution and the number of host DCs persisting in various lymphoid tissues after alloBMT may differ and if characterized, may be relevant in guiding T cell alloresponses following transplant. To analyze DC reconstitution inthe MHC-matched setting, we used a B6Ly 5.2 (H2b ; CD45.1+)→ C3H.SW (H2b ; CD45.2+) model that differs in expression of the CD45 marker on host and donor hematopoietic tissues. We found that the donor to host DC turnover is rapid with near full conversion to donor DC chimerism in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes but not in the cutaneous lymph nodes (CLNs). The dominant residual host DC population in LNs is characterized by the low expression of CD8+ but high expression of DEC-205 and gp40 (Ep-CAM), the profile completely consistent with the phenotype of LCs. We reproducibly detected residual host-derived LCs in the chimeras CLNs for at least 6 months after alloBMT and found them to constitutively express an activated phenotype. Levels of expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD40, and especially CD86 on host-derived LCs was actually higher in comparison to donor-derived LCs. The skin origin of host-derived DCs in LNs was confirmed by analysis of CD11c+ that migrate out of ex vivo cultured epidermal sheets. Because the majority of the CD11c+ was of host origin, this suggests that alloresponse against minor histocompatibility antigens is not sufficient enough to cause LC replacement. The persistence of residual host LCs after alloBMT prompted us to determine whether they serve as the target of the DLI-mediated alloresponse. Administration of DLI 3 weeks after conditioning resulted in the decrease of residual host-derived LCs in the CLNs and recruitment of donor derived LCs to the skin. Our data suggest the following: (a) After myeloablative conditioning and transplantation of MHC-matched marrow, there is a rapid replacement of secondary lymphoid organs with donor marrow-derived DCs but that the significant amount of skin DCs are of host origin ; (b) during steady-state conditions after alloBMT, host-derived LCs bearing an activated phenotype are continuously present in the CLNs ; and (c) host-derived LCs are the targets of the DLI-mediated alloresponse.
Substance user treatment program quality: selected topics.

This panel explores the “state of the art” in conceptualization and research pertinent to program quality in substance user treatment. First, seven critical questions for program quality are identified and discussed. Second, a recent national evaluation of treatment examines the implications of long-term patient outcomes for treatment quality. Third, a large number of clinical trials of behavioral and pharmacological treatments for cocaine dependence were conducted during the 1990s; this research is synthesized and interpreted. Fourth, progress is reported in improving the quality of treatment through standardized criteria for patient placement matching.Truth seems to come with its final word; and the final word gives birth to its next.Rabindranath Tagore, Stray Birds
Similarity between seed banks and above‐ground vegetation along a salinity gradient

Zonation of above-ground vegetation often occurs in salt marshes along salinity and moisture gradients. The above-ground vegetation and seed bank in four physiognomi- cally different vegetation zones in a salt marsh were compared to determine their level of similarity using percent similarity as a distance measure. 10-m transects were established along a salinity gradient through four different vegetation zones; a Salicornia zone, a Salicornia-Atriplex zone, an Atriplex zone and an Atriplex-Hordeum zone. A UPGMA cluster analysis demonstrated that the above-ground vegetation was not usu- ally highly correlated with the seed bank composition of zonal communities. Since seeds of these annual salt marsh species occurred in all zones, the levels of salt stress may be the main factor determining which species were found in the above- ground vegetation.
Metal ion stabilization of the conformation of a recombinant 19‐kDa catalytic fragment of human fibroblast collagenase

A recombinant 19-kDa human fibroblast collagenase catalytic fragment modeled on a naturally occurring proteolytic product was purified from E. coli inclusion bodies. Following renaturation in the presence of zinc and calcium, the fragment demonstrated catalytic activity with the same primary sequence specificity against small synthetic substrates as the full-length collagenase. Unlike the parent enzyme, it rapidly cleaved casein and gelatin but not native type I collagen. Intrinsic fluorescence of the three tryptophan residues was used to monitor the conformational state of the enzyme, which underwent a 24-nm red shift in emission upon denaturation accompanied by quenching of the fluorescence and loss of catalytic activity. Low concentrations of denaturant unfolded the fragment while the full-length enzyme displayed a shallow extended denaturation curve. Calcium remarkably stabilized the 19-kDa fragment, zinc less so, while together they were synergistically stabilizing. Among divalent cations, calcium was the most effective stabilizer, EC50 approximately 60 microM, and similar amounts were required for substrate hydrolysis. Catalytic activity was more sensitive to denaturation than was tryptophan fluorescence. Least sensitive was the polypeptide backbone secondary structure assessed by CD. These observations suggest that the folding of the 19-kDa collagenase fragment is a multistep process stabilized by calcium.
Formal and practical completion of Lagrangian hybrid systems

This paper presents a method for completing Lagrangian hybrid systems models in a formal manner. That is, given a Lagrangian hybrid system, i.e., a hybrid system that models a mechanical system undergoing impacts, we present a systematic method in which to extend executions of this system past Zeno points by adding an additional domain to the hybrid model. Moreover, by utilizing results that provide sufficient conditions for Zeno behavior and for stability of Zeno equilibria in Lagrangian hybrid systems, we are able to give explicit bounds on the error incurred through the practical simulation of these completed hybrid system models. These ideas are illustrated on a series of examples, and are shown to be consistent with observed reality.
An Oceanography Conservation View of Central America: Caribbean Wealth, Pacific Wilderness, Plunder and Mismanagement Meets Seafloor Mining, Deep-Sea Drilling, Climate Change, and Human Population Explosion in the EEZs and Beyond

Two thirds of the world are covered with salt water (Dietrich et al. 1993; Thurman 1994), and of the remaining one third (i.e., land), wetlands, snow, and ice play a large role (Miller and Spoolman 2011). If water is absent this can create a vast desert, accompanied with areas often devoid of life. And as emphasized by the above authors, atmospheric processes play a large role due to water and vapor. Our globe, therefore, should not be called “Earth” but rather “Water.” (“How inappropriate to call this planet Earth when it is quite clearly Ocean.”—Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English writer.) It is not so surprising then that the human body consists of c. 60 % of water too. Water is simply an inherent part of our system, and of the evolution of life. This is seen explicitly in Central America, in the land- and seascapes and its atmosphere. It is all deeply connected through water cycles. Water troubles are human troubles, and beyond.
8-METHOXYPSORALEN SUPPRESSES PRODUCTION OF OVARIAN AROMATASE PROTEINS

Abstract8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is a natural plant biosynthetic metabolite found in produce. Its synthetic form is also widely used in combination with ultraviolet A irradiation in skin photochemotherapy, a procedure called psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA). This compound has been implicated in a number of adverse reproductive effects in the Wistar rat, including decreased birth rate as a result of decreased ovulations, reduction in levels of circulating 17-β estradiol, and reduction in the granulosa cell population in antral ovarian follicles. The present study examines the potential for decreased production of aromatase (cytochrome P450 19) proteins in the ovaries as a mechanism of 8-MOP-mediated toxicity. Aromatase proteins were measured by Western blotting as a possible origin of decreased estradiol, and estradiol production was measured by radioimmunoassay. Significant decreases in both aromatase proteins and estradiol levels were observed. These results, which are also supported by a decrease in pitui...
A Comparison of Logistic Regression, Neural Networks, and Classification Trees Predicting Success of Actuarial Students.

The authors extended previous research by 2 of the authors who conducted a study designed to predict the successful completion of students enrolled in an actuarial program. They used logistic regression to determine the probability of an actuarial student graduating in the major or dropping out. They compared the results of this study with those obtained previously, by re-examining the data using neural networks and classification trees, from Enterprise Miner, the SAS data mining package, which can provide a prediction of the dependent variable for all cases in the data set including those with missing values.
Investigating Preservice Teachers' Understanding of Balance Concepts Utilizing a Clinical Interview Method and a Virtual Tool.

Our study was enacted in university mathematics education classes in the USA with preservice teachers (PSTs). This research focused on PSTs’ interview responses that were used to assess their understanding of balance when challenged with tasks involving virtual manipulatives. Siegler’s rules were used in analyzing PSTs’ responses to balance tasks to help determine each PST’s level of abstraction achieved regarding balance, equilibrium, or equivalence. Specifically, the data were analyzed regarding 3 different aspects: (a) the PSTs’ understanding of balance, (b) what previous knowledge was exhibited by the PSTs throughout the enactment of the tasks, and (c) the mathematics utilized by the PSTs as they problem-solved with the virtual balance applet. The results showed PSTs relying on visual cues to implement procedures that were often inappropriate for the task at hand. When confronted with missing value balance tasks, 47 % of the PSTs attempted an incorrect procedure using direct proportions, and some (35 %) employed an incorrect fractional method. One PST systematically solved tasks, where he invented an inverse proportions model. However, most interviewees relied on guess-and-check reasoning. Implications of this study advise the need for purposeful experiences within education programs that lead to better connections across disciplines of big ideas such as balance.
Taz and Empathy

This article, written for the Taslitz Galaxy Conference at Howard Law School celebrating the life and work of Andrew Taslitz (Taz), will explore the elusive concept of empathy, the notion of empathic divides, and the challenges of empathic accuracy, and will discuss Taz’s scholarship as an ongoing project of bridging empathic divides. Taz's project took many interrelated forms. One primary focus was on the dynamics of cognitive bias and self-deception, drawing on psychology, neuroscience and related disciplines. Taz’s scholarship keeps coming back to the question of the barriers to understanding the narrowness of one’s own perspective, and the barriers to grasping the different frameworks employed by others. It focuses, to take a few examples, on racial blindsight, gender bias, status quo bias, tunnel vision, the bias against the poor, harmful rape narratives, and the self-deception that can lead to date rape. Another primary focus is on identifying institutional reforms that will aid in overcoming these barriers. Empathy, along with respect for the dignity of others (another of his scholarly themes) were not only a primary focus of Taz's scholarship, but also the hallmarks of his relationships with others. He was the rare person whose scholarship and life were of a piece.
Is the Care Transitions Measure Associated with Readmission Risk? Analysis from a Single Academic Center.

It is widely hypothesized that improvement in transitions of care will reduce unplanned hospital readmissions. However, the association between the Care Transitions Measure, the national quality metric for transitions of care and readmission risk, has not been established. We aimed to determine the association between the Care Transition Measure and readmission. This was a single-center, prospective cohort study. Convenience sample of 2,963 patients enrolled in the “Bridging the Divides” program, a longitudinal care management program for patients with coronary revascularization, from 2013 to 2014. Of these, 1594 (54 %) patients completed a post-discharge Care Transition Measure questionnaire. Care Transition Measure scores were collected by trained research staff blinded to study hypothesis, by telephone, within 30 days of discharge. Higher Care Transition Measure scores reflect a higher quality transition of care. 30-day readmission was measured. Of the1594 patients that completed the Care Transition Measure survey, 1216 (76 %) received percutaneous coronary intervention and 378 (24 %) received coronary artery bypass grafting. Mean Care Transition Measure scores were significantly lower among patients who had a prior admission (77.2 vs. 82.1, p < 0.001) and those with ≥ 5 comorbidities (77 vs. 82.6 vs. 81.6, p < 0.001). Mean scores were significantly lower among patients who were readmitted within the percutaneous coronary intervention subgroup (73 vs. 80.9, p < 0.001) and the total study population (74.6 vs. 81.1, p < 0.001) compared to those who were not readmitted. This was not the case in the coronary artery bypass grafting subgroup (78.5 vs. 81.7, p = 0.29). After multivariable adjustment, every ten-point increase in the Care Transition Measure score was associated with a 14 % reduction in readmission risk (adjusted odds ratio 0.86, 95 % CI 0.78–0.95). The Care Transition Measure is strongly associated with readmissions, which strengthens its validity. However, its association with patient variables linked with readmission and its inconsistent association with readmission across clinical groups raises concerns that scores may be influenced by patient characteristics.
Bile pigment studies—VI: Syntheses of model systems

Abstract The synthesis of various mammalian and algal bile pigment models from monopyrroles and by ring cleavage of intact metalloporphyrins and metallochlorins is discussed. A previously reported synthesis of etiobiliverdin IV γ ( 6 ) from the self-condensation of a 5-bromo-5'-bromomethyldipyrrylmethene hydrobromide ( 5 ) is modified to afford a new, efficient and general route to biliverdins through 1,19-di-t-butoxycarbonyl- a , c -biladienes or - b -bilenes. Owing to symmetry limitations inherent in the a , c -biladiene route, that through b -bilenes is shown to be more generally effective for the synthesis of biliverdins. The key step in the transformation of the biladiene or bilene into biliverdin involves treatment with bromine in trifluoroacetic acid, and this affords biliverdin in high yield. The route is proposed to proceed through a 1,19-dibromo- a , b , c -bilitriene and then a 1,19-di-(trifluoroacetoxy)- a , b , c -bilitriene, though these intermediates are not isolated.
The effects of medial synovial plica excision with and without lateral retinacular release on adolescents with anterior knee pain.

Abstract Objectives To describe the functional outcomes in patients aged ≤18 years with anterior knee pain treated with medial plica excision with or without lateral release. Methods We identified 135 patients including 30 bilateral cases (165 knees) with a mean ± SD age of 15.1 ± 2.0 years. Patient and surgical information was recorded and a follow-up athletic questionnaire and an International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation form were sent out. Statistical analysis evaluated predictors of residual pain, reoperation, return to sports, IKDC score and satisfaction with surgery. Results At a final mean follow-up of 4.4 years (range 2–7.5), 36 % of patients were pain free, 46 % had mild residual pain and 18 % had pain not improved from surgery. Reoperation was more likely following isolated plica excision (7/41; 17 %) versus plica excision with lateral release (8/124; 6 %), although not statistically significant, P = 0.06. Mean IKDC score (107 knees) was 76.9 ± 17.8 (range 31–1...
A Middle Pennsylvanian Basidiomycete Mycelium with Clamp Connections

A fungal mycelium having clamp-connections and chlamydospores has been discovered within the wood of a Middle Pennsylvanian fern. At present the clamp-connection is a structure that occurs only in ...
Acoustic Cues, Landmarks, and Distinctive Features: a Model of Human Speech Processing

Four aspects of human speech processing are discussed along with their impact on the fundamental structure of a model of the human lexical access process (Stevens, 2002): (1) the lexical representation, (2) sensitivity observed in auditory processing, (3) multiple and graded activations of lexical candidates, and (4) contextual variation. The model assumes that the lexicon is represented in terms of basic units of sound contrast (distinctive features), and that non-homogeneous acoustic cues present in both coarse changes and finer details are used to estimate probabilities for the presence of underlying features. Acquired distributions of cue variation and associated dependencies are used to re-evaluate feature probabilities as context is extracted throughout the process. Existing feature modules, in general, correctly estimate features with a probability greater than 0.5 for 75-95% of their occurrences in read speech.
Dynamic materials from microgel multilayers.

Multilayer coatings made from hydrogel microparticles (microgels) are conceptually very simple materials: thin films composed of microgel building blocks held together by polyelectrolyte “glue”. However, the apparent simplicity of their fabrication and structure belies extremely complex properties, including those of “dynamic” coatings that display rapid self-healing behavior in the presence of solvent. This contribution covers our work with these materials and highlights some of the key findings regarding damage mechanisms, healing processes, film structure/composition, and how the variation of fabrication parameters can impact self-healing behavior.
Predicting migratory paths of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Atlantic salmon is a highly migratory species that has experienced severe population declines. High mortality during the post-smolt period, when fish are migrating from rivers to their open-ocean wintering grounds, may be limiting population recovery, but little is known about this life stage. We used an individual-based model to evaluate the potential influences of ocean conditions (currents, temperature) on post-smolt salmon migration in the Gulf of Maine. A range of orientation behaviors were tested and results indicated that Atlantic salmon migration varied by year, natal river, and orientation behavior. The rate at which post-smolt salmon were able to make it across the Gulf of Maine was negatively correlated with coastal current strength. The response of migration rates to these factors varied among the potential orientation behaviors. For temperature-dependent orientation behaviors, migration was positively correlated with temperature. This modeling approach, based on field observations, is a useful technique for investigating variability in migration of endangered populations when in situ experiments are not possible.
X-Ray Microscopy in the Study of Biological Structure: A Prospective View

As summarized in this volume, x-ray microscopy is making very rapid progress on many fronts. Thus, it would be foolhardy and perhaps counterproductive to attempt to predict the full impact of x-ray microscopy on the study of biological structure. Instead, this paper focuses upon a particular problem of great interest to biologists (the structure of the chromosome), for which present technologies such as electron microscopy and light microscopy are inadequate. The characteristics of this problem suggest that it may just be accessible to x-ray microscopy in the near future. The problem also serves to illustrate both the strengths of biological x-ray microscopy — for example, its ability to distinguish substances by elemental composition — and the weaknesses — for example, marginal resolution and lack of ability to acquire full three-dimensional information.
Three-dimensional Multi-tissues CT Reconstruction of Atlantooccipital and Atlantoaxial Diseases

Objective To evaluate the role of three-dimensional multi-tissues (3DMT) CT reconstruction in imaging atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital deformities or traumas.Methods 10 normal volunteers and 42 patients with atlantoaxial and atlanoccipital deformities or traumas underwent spiral CT scan, then three-dimensional (surface shaded display, SSD) CT reconstruction and three-dimensional multi-tissues (3DMT) CT reconstruction.Results SSD and 3DMT reconstruction clearly demonstrated the anatomy of the bony structures and the spatial relationships between the occipitale and atlas, atlas and axis. 3DMT reconstruction respectively demonstrated the occipitale, atlas and axis. 3DMT more neatly demonstrated the deformities, fractures and dislocations of atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joint than SSD reconstruction. Conclusion 3DMT CT illustrates the anatomical relationship of atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial complex and provides important information of the pathology. 3DMT is prior to SSD reconstruction.
Prognostic parameters in radiotherapeutic management of localized carcinoma of the prostate.

AbstractA series of 215 patients with carcinoma of the prostate localized to the pelvis received radical radiotherapy. Treatment results have been correlated with the tumor stage, tumor size defined independently from stage, doses of radiation and histological grade. The followup ranges from 2 to 13 years (median 5 years). Local recurrence was observed in 6.6 per cent of stage B, 16.1 per cent of stage C and 20 per cent of stage D1 cases. Eighty per cent of the patients with stage B disease, 56 per cent with stage C and 0 per cent with stage D1 survived 5 years free of disease. Tumors less than 2cm. in diameter were controlled uniformly, while tumors more than 2cm. in diameter showed an over-all local control rate of about 85 per cent. Increasing size resulted in a higher incidence of distant metastases. A dose of 6,500 rad (180 to 200 rad per day) appears adequate for tumors less than 2cm. in diameter and stage B tumors, while higher stage tumors require doses of 7,000 rad (180 to 200 rad per day). Most ...
High-Q Micro/Nanoresonators for Nonlinear/Quantum Photonics and Sensing

In this talk, we will discuss our recent progress in developing high-quality micro/nanoresonators on material platforms such as silicon, silicon carbide, and lithium niobate, whose excellent material properties exhibit great potential for broad photonic applications. We will focus on our recent efforts in applying them for nonlinear and quantum photonics, and for sensing applications.
Value of Nephrometry Score Constituents on Perioperative Outcomes and Split Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy

Objective To assess the relationship between individual nephrometry score (NS) constituents (RENAL) on perioperative outcomes and renal function of the surgical kidney in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. Materials and Methods Two hundred forty-five patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy between 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Each renal mass' NS was calculated from preoperative computed tomography imaging. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of NS variables on perioperative outcomes and change in overall renal function (as estimated by glomerular filtration rate) from preoperative to 1-year postoperative. A cohort analysis assessed the effect of NS variables on change in split renal function of the surgical kidney from pre- to postoperative based on nuclear medicine renal scintigraphy. Results Tumor radius (R), endophytic nature (E), and nearness to collecting system (N) variables significantly and incrementally predicted a longer operative time and warm ischemia time. Overall renal function based on glomerular filtration rate was not affected by any NS variable. However, percent function of the surgical kidney by renal scintigraphy significantly decreased postoperatively as R and E values increased. Conclusion R, E, and N were associated with significant changes in warm ischemia time and operative time. R and E were associated with a significant decrease in split renal function of the surgical kidney at 1 year after surgery but not with overall renal function. R, E, and N are the NS constituents most relevant to perioperative outcomes and postoperative differential renal function after partial nephrectomy.
Organizing Your Presentation

This chapter discusses how to organize your presentation that can include the following components: abstract, title, overview, introduction, review of prior studies, research plan, discussion of results, conclusions, future work, acknowledgments, and “Thank You” slide. The purpose of each component is given and when a component can be omitted is discussed. An overview is given of both what is required as well as what can be included in each component. Alternative ways to organize each component are given. Multicultural aspects such as how to list coauthors on the title slide are discussed.
0733 Associations between preventive hoof trimming, activity, and resting behaviors.

Hoof trimming (HT) is a common procedure used to prevent and treat lameness, one of the most important economic and animal welfare diseases in the dairy industry. There is a paucity of research on the effects hoof trimming has on the 3 components of animal welfare: biological function, behavior, and affective states. Current behavioral research suggests hoof trimming causes a decrease in activity, an increase in resting time, and conflicting effects on locomotion. Unfortunately, in these studies, lame animals were included, and this limits the conclusion that can be made on the effect routine HT has on non-lame animals. It is important to evaluate lame and non-lame animals separately because lame animals are already displaying abnormal behavior. Determining the effect of routine hoof trimming on non-lame animals will increase animal health and welfare for dairy cattle by guiding future evaluations of routine HT techniques and HT strategies. The objective of this research was to determine the association between HT and activity and resting behaviors for non-lame cows.
The Group Law On Elliptic Curves

Elliptic curves can be equipped with an efficiently computable group law, so that they are suited for implementing the cryptographic schemes of the previous chapter, as suggested first in [Koblitz, 1987] and [Miller, 1986]. They are particularly appealing because they achieve the same level of security as a finite field based cryptosystem with much shorter key lengths, which results in a faster encryption and decryption process. Our aim in this chapter is to prove the group law.
Selective Partitioning of Ruthenium from Nitric Acid Media

ABSTRACTRuthenium removal from PUREX raffinate solutions is imperative for the application of some advanced actinide partitioning technologies, particularly partitioning of hexavalent americium. Ruthenium interferes with the oxidation of americium and suppresses its extraction. Selective extraction of ruthenium from these solutions is complicated by the existence of multiple ruthenium species in nitric acid. In this work, ruthenium was selectively extracted from nitric acid media through oxidation to ruthenium tetroxide and absorption into polymer beads. Extraction of ruthenium tetroxide into a variety of organic solvents was also explored. The use of UV-Visible spectroscopy to quantify extraction of ruthenium tetroxide was demonstrated. This method for extraction of ruthenium from nitric acid was applied to PUREX raffinate simulant solution and was found to simultaneously remove ruthenium (through oxidation and absorption) and zirconium (through precipitation). This method not only removes ruthenium and ...
Effects of the Neuro-Turn: The Neural Network as a Paradigm for Human Self-Understanding

Abstract This chapter discusses the image of the neural net and its impact on human self-understanding. Neuroscientific imaging techniques produce a wide range of images of the inside of the skull, which not only serve a medical purpose but also begin to fuel our imagination and give the interdisciplinary discussion a new edge. I will elaborate on how philosophy adopts neuroscientific thinking and how art incorporates artificial life. Based on an analysis of the movies Her (2013) and Transcendence (2014), two highly successful Hollywood movies and recent examples from popular culture, I show that these movies invoke a net structure as their leading image, and that it makes a difference whether the image of the brain (body-bound) or of the neural net (not body-bound) is used. Furthermore, the neural net represents an image that suggests the emergence of intelligence, self-organization, and infinity. It is closely intertwined with the Internet, advanced computing, and utopias of immortality. These images, I argue, ultimately suggest a new metaphysical dimension of an omni-present consciousness that permeates being itself.
Abstract B23: Detection of susceptibility to childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Currently, there are no known methods to predict of susceptibility to, and means for prevent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). We have evaluated and patented a group of proteins dubbed Protein X from a certain strain of Aspergillus Flavus (AF) and developed methods for screening and identifying totally asymptomatic patients in remission of ALL, including long term survivors of this disease, distinguishing them from normal controls. Subject to institutional approved consents/assents, 15-20 ml of blood was obtained from 40 cases of ALL in children and young adults, including long term survivors of ALL. Controls were normal individuals, sickle cell patients undergoing partial exchange transfusion and patients with solid tumors. Mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) of ALL patients in remission and controls were separated using Ficoll Paque Plus (GE Healthcare). Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was obtained commercially. Positive and negative controls for Protein X were aflatoxin and Mycocladus Corymbifera (MC). Avian leukosis virus (ALV) was used as control for EBV. MNL were co-incubated with Protein X ± EBV ± irradiation, for periods of 1-72 hours. Controls were treated identically with appropriate substitutions. Test and control MNLs were examined for genetic markers, NF-κB and cell surface markers (CSM) including CD10/CD19, CD34/CD19, and CD34/CD117. Changes were expressed as percentage of control. Using ELISA, plasmas were tested for antibodies against Protein X ± EBV time experiments reveled 72 hours was optimum for achieving results. Upon 72 hours exposure of MNL from ALL to Protein X ± EBV, cells from ALL patents in remission developed cell surface phenotypes typical of ALL. This was not seen in controls. Addition of EBV ± radiation to Protein X, enhanced these effects in MNL of ALL and not controls. Changes were statistically significant and clearly separated ALL from controls. Evaluation of NF-κB revealed enhancement in ALL and not controls. Aflatoxin indiscriminately induced cell surface marker changes in both, normal and ALL, while ALV and supernatant of MC had no effect. ELISA, using Protein X ± EBV, distinguished ALL from controls. Gene array and biomarkers confirmed transformation to leukemic cell markers upon exposure to Protein X in cells from ALL patients but not controls. These studies reveal, in vitro, upon exposure to Protein X, unlike normal controls, MNL from ALL patients in remission develop cell surface phenotypes and genetic markers typical of ALL. These techniques have potential for screening for ALL and may have implications for etiology of ALL and its prevention. Citation Format: Cameron K. Tebbi. Detection of susceptibility to childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Exploration of chiral Lewis acid Mg2+ catalysts in the synthesis of aryl organophosphate triesters from phosphorus oxychloride through a three-step, two-pot substitution sequence

Abstract A variety of nucleophilic and Lewis acid catalysts were examined for use in promoting the synthesis of organophosphate triesters. Eight novel organophosphate triesters are reported here for the first time. MgSO4 was discovered as an inexpensive catalyst capable of improving the synthesis of a variety of aryl organophosphate triesters from the readily available and low cost precursor phosphorus oxychloride in a three-step, two-pot sequence. Yields for this method improve upon the uncatalyzed method by 8–36%. Several chiral catalysts were tested, but none were able to induce enantioselectivity in the reaction.
Settled? Recent debates in the archaeology of the Epipalaeolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Southwest Asia

Visiting China for the first time in October 2016, at the kind invitation of Professor Feng Li, I was immediately struck by the scale and complexity of the Neolithic archaeology. During interesting discussions with Chinese colleagues it became clear that many aspects of the archaeological narratives developed for the origins of the Neolithic in China shared many of the same explanatory models and theoretical perspectives as its prehistoric counterpart in southwest Asia (modern-day Israel/Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Anatolia). I thought it therefore appropriate in my contribution to this issue of Asian Archaeology to offer a summary of the history and development of “Neolithic transition” archaeology in southwest Asia. I hope this contribution will lead to further comparative discussions.
Risk-Centric Macroeconomics and Safe Asset Shortages in the Global Economy: An Illustration of Mechanisms and Policies

In these notes I summarize my research on the topic of risk-centric global macroeconomics. Collectively, this research makes the case that a risk-markets dislocations perspective of macroeconomics provides a unified framework to think about the mechanisms behind several of the main economic imbalances, crises, and structural fragilities observed in recent decades in the global economy. This perspective sheds light on the kind of policies, especially unconventional ones, that are likely to help the world economy navigate this tumultuous environment.
Ischemic Leg Following IABP Insertion: Timing of Diagnosis and Treatment

Lower extremity ischemia is a significant and frequent complication following intra-aortic balloon pump insertion that is well documented since the introduction of this therapy. Surgeons now encounter limb ischemia in the context of multiple mechanical circulatory support devices used for hemodynamic support in a variety of critically ill patients. The current literature is limited to reviews and case series that highlight the associated morbidity and existing experience with several management approaches. Comparisons of existing management approaches as well as high-quality prospective data are largely lacking. The objective of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date review of the evidence available to guide management of acute limb ischemia when a patient requires an intra-aortic balloon pump for circulatory support.
Online Dating and the Risk of Sexual Assault to College Students

Background: Advances in technology have created different platforms, such as online dating, where college students can meet other people. One serious risk factor of using online dating is the risk of sexual assault. Many sexual predators will use online dating as a method to connect with potential victims who are often vulnerable and trusting. Aim : This paper discusses the risk of sexual assault among college students who use online dating sites. Faculty can be pivotal in educating students on the dangers of online dating and sexual assault. In addition, faculty members are in a position to recognize signs students may be exhibiting after a sexual assault, offer advice, and provide linkage to necessary services. Results: Risk factors of sexual assault are explored in depth, including predatory tactics and the vulnerability specific to college students. Provided are key safety tips for online dating as well as recommendations regarding resources and reporting to law enforcement. Conclusions: Online dating is popular among college students. Educating students in safety factors will enable them to consider the potential dangers and risk of sexual assault. In addition, higher education institutions must consider the needs of students and provide links to resources, support systems and reporting mechanisms.
A hybrid learning-based framework for seismic denoising

Abstract Noise attenuation has been a long-standing problem in seismic data processing. It presents unique challenges on land due to a complex near surface coupled with unavoidable environmental no...
Mixture-based Multiple Imputation Model for Clinical Data with a Temporal Dimension

The problem of missing values in multivariable time series is a key challenge in many applications such as clinical data mining. Although many imputation methods show their effectiveness in many applications, few of them are designed to accommodate clinical multivariable time series. In this work, we propose a multiple imputation model that capture both cross-sectional information and temporal correlations. We integrate Gaussian processes with mixture models and introduce individualized mixing weights to handle the variance of predictive confidence of Gaussian process models. The proposed model is compared with several state-of-the-art imputation algorithms on both real-world and synthetic datasets. Experiments show that our best model can provide more accurate imputation than the benchmarks on all of our datasets.
Transforming learning through relevant STEM education for Nigerian students : (Work in Progress by the Social Innovation Enterprise; Carisma4U Educational Foundation)

It’s no surprise to state that little has changed in how STEM is taught in Nigeria in the last three decades. As a result, it seems, Nigerian students have been left behind, falling further behind in science and math literacy.There have been futile national reform efforts to improve things. The issue with them has been a lot of inconsistency and lack of a cohesive effort as changes in teaching practices have been minimal.The study used student and teacher data from the programs conducted by the social innovation enterprise. The study presents the data from three programs over two years-Teacher training projects and STEM Bootcamps for children. The findings indicate that the programs do trigger learning and the connection to real world. Also, the study showed that though the exposure to that the teachers and students had to STEM pedagogy was the first time, they appreciated it and found it aided their understanding of the concepts they performed during the programs. This led to further discussion on extensions of the pilot programs and the implications for policy and research.
Analytical Methods in Thermochemical Conversion

Abstract A comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of thermochemical biomass conversion intermediates and products is essential for process development and optimization. A versatile toolbox of methods and techniques can be applied to on-line monitoring of process streams while more traditional and standard analytical instruments can be used for post-process analysis of collected samples. In all cases, however, maintaining sample integrity during collection and storage and understanding the limitations of the methods are important. Instruments and processes best suited for on-line process analysis and for off-line sample analysis are reviewed. Molecular beam sampling is discussed in some detail; techniques of sampling and data analysis to deal with the realities of application are pointed out. ASTM documents are cited.
The sensory irritant receptor TRPA1 is essential for airway inflammation in the LPS mouse model of acute lung injury

Lung infection by Gram-negative bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. LPS (lipopolysaccharide), a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, plays a major role in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Experimental endotoxin (LPS) administered intranasally in mice has been extensively used to study the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. TRPA1 is an irritant-sensing ion channel expressed in airway chemosensory nerves. TRPA1-activating stimuli include cigarette smoke, chlorine, irritants, aldehydes and scents. Endogenous and exogenous TRPA1 agonists, including reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products, are potent drivers of inflammatory conditions in the lung. We examined the role of TRPA1 in the LPS mouse model of ALI. 24 hr after LPS intranasal instillation in the mice, lungs and bronchoalvelolar lavage (BAL) were collected and analyzed by qPCR, Luminex and cell counting among other techniques. Genetic ablation of TRPA1 reduced LPS-induced leukocyte infiltration, cytokine/chemokine production and MPO activity in the lungs. This phenotype was recapitulated by treatment of wild-type mice with two different TRPA1 antagonists: HC030031 and A967079. These TRPA1 blockers when administered before and after the LPS challenge, inhibited neutrophil infiltration and prevented lung inflammation significantly. Our data suggest that TRPA1 is a key integrator of interactions between the immune and nervous systems in the airways, driving the lung injury following inhaled LPS challenge. TRPA1 may represent a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of ALI, ARDS and other pulmonary inflammatory conditions.
Ulcerative Colitis: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Historically, medical therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) was limited to corticosteroids. Excitingly, over the past just 1–2 decades, the options for medical therapy have expanded and include biologics and small molecules, with more agents actively being developed. In this article, we review the current and emerging treatment strategies for UC stratified according to disease severity.
Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation

Skin pigmentation is a result of melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis. Melanocyte activity, along with the type and distribution of melanins, is the main driver for diversity of skin pigmentation. Dark melanin acts to protect against the deleterious effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including photo-aging and skin cancer formation. In turn, UV radiation activates skin melanocytes to induce further pigmentation (i.e., "tanning pathway"). The well-characterized MSH/MC1R-cAMP-MITF pathway regulates UV-induced melanization. Pharmacologic activation of this pathway ("sunless tanning") represents a potential strategy for skin cancer prevention, particularly in those with light skin or the "red hair" phenotype who tan poorly after UV exposure due to MC1R inactivating polymorphisms. Skin hyperpigmentation can also occur as a result of inflammatory processes and dermatological disorders such as melasma. While primarily of cosmetic concern, these conditions can dramatically impact quality of life of affected patients. Several topical agents are utilized to treat skin pigmentation disorders. Here, we review melanogenesis induced by UV exposure and the agents that target this pathway.
Arctic Marine Ecosystems, Climate Change Impacts, and Governance Responses: An Integrated Perspective from the Barents Sea

Arctic and sub-Arctic marine ecosystems and their living resources are especially sensitive to climate drivers. Under progressing climate change, ocean warming, sea ice melting, changing oceanic currents, and ocean acidification will lead to shifts in seasonal timing, spatial distribution and productivity of fish species, and affect plankton composition, marine mammals and seabirds. Shifts of boreal and sub-Arctic species into the Arctic and ensuing changes in species composition and biodiversity are already impacting a range issues from ecosystem services to human societies, e.g. fisheries, coastal tourism, cultural services, and biological carbon uptake and cycling. Small-scale fishers may be unable to adapt to the occurring shifts. Decreases in seabirds, marine mammals, and iconic Arctic species could have negative consequences for marine ecotourism and cultural values in the high north. Increasing anthropogenic impacts, such as fisheries and pollution, will interact with climate impacts and exacerbate the pressure on Arctic marine ecosystems.
Opto-thermoelectric pulling of light-absorbing particles.

Optomechanics arises from the photon momentum and its exchange with low-dimensional objects. It is well known that optical radiation exerts pressure on objects, pushing them along the light path. However, optical pulling of an object against the light path is still a counter-intuitive phenomenon. Herein, we present a general concept of optical pulling-opto-thermoelectric pulling (OTEP)-where the optical heating of a light-absorbing particle using a simple plane wave can pull the particle itself against the light path. This irradiation orientation-directed pulling force imparts self-restoring behaviour to the particles, and three-dimensional (3D) trapping of single particles is achieved at an extremely low optical intensity of 10-2 mW μm-2. Moreover, the OTEP force can overcome the short trapping range of conventional optical tweezers and optically drive the particle flow up to a macroscopic distance. The concept of self-induced opto-thermomechanical coupling is paving the way towards freeform optofluidic technology and lab-on-a-chip devices.