cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Points at issue between practical and academic school psychology

Abstract Practicing school psychologists are caught between the demands of a discipline organized, although not without ambiguity, into a masculine scientific society—the American Psychological Association—and their locus of employment—the schools. Schools are feminine organizations which educate and to a considerable degree nurture the young. Academic school psychology has denied power to practicing school psychologists, denigrating their competence and even their long run usefulness as “comfort givers”, diagnosers, and treaters. Instead, they say school psychologists should do musculine, scientific things like educational innovation and research. The profession's healthy growth depends on constructive accomodation to these conflicting role pressures.
NLO studies of a novel phenothiazine self-assembled monolayer

The nonlinear optical behavior of self-assembled monolayer films of a new NLO-active molecule, PBSP, is characterized by second harmonic generation (SHG). PBSP contains a heterocyclic sulfonate head group and a highly polarizable chromophore. The films are synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction on both sides of a quartz substrate that has been treated with a coupling layer. The addition of the chromophoric layer is monitored by AFM, FTIR and UV- visible spectroscopy, and SHG. The FTIR spectrum of the first layer shows weak methylene resonances, while the spectrum with the addition of the second layer shows much stronger methylene resonances and an amine resonance. The characterization of the film by SHG was done by rotating the film and generating Maker fringes. The polarization dependence of the SHG signal was also determined. The SHG signal after the nucleophilic reaction was an order of magnitude greater than before the reaction. The magnitude of the dominant element of the nonlinear susceptibility and the average molecular orientation angle of the chromophore were determined by modeling the Maker fringes and the polarization dependence of the SHG signal.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transgenic livestock: Progress and prospects for the future

Abstract The notion of directly introducing new genes or otherwise directly manipulating the genotype of an animal is conceptually straightforward and appealing because of the speed and precision with which phenotypic changes could be made. Thus, it is of little wonder that the imagination of many an animal scientist has been captivated by the success others have achieved by introducing foreign genes into mice. The private sector has embraced transgenic livestock technology resulting in the formation of two new industries. However, before transgenic farm animals become a common component of the livestock production industry, a number of formidable hurdles must be overcome. In this brief communication, the technical challenges are enumerated and possible solutions are discussed.
The effect of real rates of interest on housing prices

During the late 1970s, U.S. house prices were appreciating rapidly even though mortgage interest rates were climbing. Recently, interest rates have eased but prices have moderated. This study examines the role of appreciation expectations in overcoming the negative effects of nominal mortgage interest rates on house prices. Expectations of future appreciation are important determinants of house sales prices, remaining influential during periods of declining and moderating real prices, not just when prices are rising. The real rate of interest, as viewed by the homebuyer, is the mechanism for affecting change in housing price levels. Because the nominal interest rate is slow to reflect changes in expectations, these real rates vary over time. This ebb and flow of real interest rates appears to explain market price levels. Nominal rates play a role as well, primarily in the formation of appreciation expectations.
Calcium explosions as triggers of development.

Summary A few years ago, Gilkey et al. showed that the development of medaka fish eggs begins with a free calcium explosion within the cytoplasm. This paper summarizes those findings; provides an interim report on the effects of injecting calcium and hydrogen ion buffers into medaka eggs; reviews recent evidence of similar calcium increases in other activating eggs, as well as sperm and oocytes (Table 1); and attempts to put these explosions in a broader context (Figures 1 and 4).
Anisotropic Dependence of Superconductivity on Uniaxial Pressure in CeIrIn 5

We measure the effect of uniaxial pressure on the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ in ${\mathrm{CeIrIn}}_{5}$. We find a linear change in ${T}_{c}$ with both $a$-axis and $c$-axis pressure, with slopes of 56 and $\ensuremath{-}66\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mK}/\mathrm{kbar}$, respectively. By comparing results from doping studies and different types of pressure measurements, we separate the influences of hybridization and dimensionality on ${T}_{c}$. We find the true geometric influence, for constant hybridization, is $\ensuremath{\partial}{T}_{c}/\ensuremath{\partial}(c/a)=44\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$.
Detection and Variability of Begomoviruses in Tomato from the Andean States of Venezuela

The three Andean states of Merida, Tachira, and Trujillo in Venezuela produce tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) year-round with a high frequency of virus-like symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using degenerate primers detected begomoviruses in 18% of leaf samples collected from tomato plants showing virus-like symptoms in commercial fields in these states between 1993 and 1994. A comparison of the sequences of the amplified DNA products revealed a diversity of begomovirus sequences in tomato plants from this region. Partial A component sequences (approximately 1,100 bp) clustered in four groups based on BLAST, GAP, phylogenetic analyses of the nucleic acid sequences, and comparisons of iteron sequences with known begomoviruses. Two groups of sequences were closely related to Potato yellow mosaic virus-Venezuela strain tomato and Tomato Venezuela virus, respectively, begomoviruses previously reported from other Venezuelan states. The other two groups of sequences appear to belong to two new begomovirus species.
Does conversion of ATP to adenosine terminate ATP-stimulated vasopressin release from hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal explants?

Abstract ATP stimulates vasopressin (VP) release from explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS), but the response is not sustained for the duration of exposure to ATP. Since adenosine, a metabolite of ATP, inhibits VP release from neurohypophysial terminals and adenosine receptors (AR) are expressed in supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons, we postulated that conversion of ATP to adenosine contributed to termination of ATP-stimulated VP release from HNS explants. This was tested using a non-selective AR antagonist, 5-amino-9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-1, 2, 4-triazolo [1, 5- c ] quinazoline (CGS-15943). CGS-15943 did not affect basal VP release and did not alter the initial response to ATP. A selective A 1 R antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), increased basal VP release at 1 μM, without altering the response to ATP. However, at a higher concentration of DPCPX (10 μM), VP release was enhanced by ATP for an extended period of time. Inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of ATP to adenosine using a combination of a potent ecto-5′-nucleotidase inhibitor, α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-diphosphate (AMP-CP), and a competitive substrate for ecto-5′-nucleotidase (guanosine monophosphate, GMP) did not affect basal VP release. Enzymatic inhibition did slightly prolong the response to ATP, but it was not sustained for the duration of exposure to ATP. We conclude that an endogenous inhibitory influence of adenosine decreases basal VP release from HNS explants and that conversion of exogenously applied ATP to adenosine contributes to termination of ATP-induced stimulation of VP release, but additional mechanisms such as receptor desensitization also limit the response to extended exposure to ATP.
Switchgrass as a feedstock for butanol

While the continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and rises in fuel demands and prices, have prompted the development of plant-based alternative fuels all over the world, the production of th...
Coronary Heart Disease in Women & Men: Similar and Different

Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in women. Although improving, preventive efforts lag behind that of men. An understanding of CHD presentation, treatment and prognosis may reduce the burden of CHD in women.
Seasonal changes in lemming pituitary-adrenal response to cold exposure.

1. 1. Seasonal variation of lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus and Dicrostonynx groenlandicus) adrenal activity was confirmed. 2. 2. Cold acclimation enabled D. groenlandicus to maintain pituitary-adrenal (response) integrity when animals were challenged with severe cold exposure (−40°C for 2 hr), and to survive the cold stress longer. 3. 3. Cold acclimation of L. trimucronatus did not noticeably improve pituitary-adrenal integrity, but did improve survival time. 4. 4. Lemmings from low-density populations displayed similar adrenal-pituitary status to those previously recorded; whether lemmings from high density populations show similar resistance to additional (cold) stress awaits further tests during the lemming cycle.
Theoretical estimates of photoproduction cross sections for neutral subthreshold pions in carbon-carbon collisions

Using the Weizsacher-Williams method of virtual quanta, total cross section estimates for the photoproduction of neutral subthreshold pions in carbon-carbon collisions at incident energies below 300 MeV/nucleon are made. Comparisons with recent experimental data indicate that the photoproduction mechanism makes an insignificant contribution to these measured cross sections.
Absorption, Excretion, and Tissue Deposition of Titanium in Sheep

Abstract Titanium metabolism was measured in three 18 kg lambs each fed 450 g chopped hay daily. Two of the lambs were dosed orally and one intravenously with 3 µCi titanium-44 each. Clearance of the intravenous dose was extremely slow; after oral administration, however, no titanium-44 was detected in blood plasma for 48 h. Over 96% of the oral dose was recovered in feces and digestive tract contents. Titanium-44 absorption, estimated from total carcass recovery and by comparison of concentrations in internal organs of orally and intravenously dosed lambs, was less than .5%. Fecal titanium could be a satisfactory index of soil ingestion by grazing ruminants.
A Wireless Networking Curriculum Model for Network Engineering Technology Programs

Wireless networking is experiencing explosive growth, both in market size and the number of new standards and technologies. Effectively educating students, both at the undergraduate and graduate level, with the abilities to evaluate, implement, and integrate wireless networks should be a key part of any information technology (IT) education program for the foreseeable future. The Computer & Information Technology Department (CIT) at Purdue University is in a unique position to fulfill this educational need through its wireless networking curriculum. This curriculum currently offers three courses within the network engineering technology program, covering topics from 802.11 networking to 3G cellular, wireless network security and manage-ment to WWAN technologies. Each course includes trend analysis of wireless networking in order to effectively prepare students for employment in this area. This paper discusses the existing wireless networking curriculum by providing a brief perspective of previous course content and detailing each current course in the areas of prerequisite knowledge, intended audience, course content, and lecture/laboratory integration.
Endoscopic management of craniopharyngiomas

Craniopharyngiomas are deep-seated anterior skull base lesions that are challenging to treat because of their location and locally aggressive behavior. In recent years, the endoscopic, endonasal technique has been developed for craniopharyngioma surgery to overcome the limitations of previously established microscope-based transcranial and transsphenoidal approaches. The endoscopic, endonasal technique provides a direct path to the tumor with panoramic visualization. Through the transsphenoidal surgical corridor, the endoscopic skull base surgeon can target the craniopharyngioma tumor located within the sella, suprasellar cistern, third ventricle, and prepontine cistern. The initial outcome data from endoscopic, endonasal case series in terms of extent of resection, vision improvement, and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction have been encouraging, although further follow-up of treated patients and analysis of outcomes are needed. We describe our technique for treating craniopharyngiomas via a fully endoscopic, endonasal, extended transsphenoidal approach.
Pharmacology: uncoupling the agony from ecstasy.

A mitochondrial protein may mediate a dangerous side-effect of some recreational drugs. The recreational use of amphetamine-type stimulants can produce a marked and sometimes lethal increase in body temperature. Here we show that mice deficient in a mitochondrial protein known as UCP-3 (for 'uncoupling protein-3') have a diminished thermogenic response to the drug MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, nicknamed 'ecstasy') and so are protected against this dangerously toxic effect. Our findings indicate that UCP-3 is important in MDMA-induced hyperthermia and point to a new therapeutic direction for solving an increasing public-health problem.
Iterative multi-user detection in spatially multiplexed up-link OFDM channels

This paper proposes an iterative multi-user detection scheme for coded asynchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Although a spatially multiplexed multi-user communication system can achieve high spectral efficiency, multiple access interference deteriorates the quality of signal detection. A linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based multi-user receiver for asynchronous OFDM channels has been proposed, and hard interference cancellation schemes were developed for an uncoded system. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity iterative soft interference cancellation technique exploiting the circular convolution property of cyclic prefix based OFDM systems. The proposed algorithm mitigates the residual interference and improves the performance of a channel decoder in a coded system through iterative demodulation and decoding. Simulation results demonstrate that spatial multiplexing of two users with two receiving antennas can outperform a system serving a single user with one receiving antenna by employing the proposed turbo receiver.
The Wagner-Nelson method applied to a multicompartment model with zero order input

It is shown that the Wagner-Nelson absorption method provides zero-order input rate constants exactly, or with small error, in a large number of cases where the two-compartment open disposition model applies. Factors affecting the accuracy of the method were studied with error-free simulated data. The method was applied to real data for three drugs. With ethanol infused over 2 h in eight human trials the estimated rate constant averaged 99.6 per cent of the known rate constant with a coefficient of variation of 6.86 per cent. With pindolol infused over 3 h five human subjects the estimated rate constant averaged 98.7 per cent of the known rate constant with a coefficient of variation of 22.5 per cent. With theophylline administered orally in a sustained-release form to seven human subjects the Wagner-Nelson method provided estimated zero-order rate constants which averaged 95.8 per cent of those estimated by an exact two-compartment absorption equation with a coefficient of variation of 38.1 per cent (in this case bolus intravenous data were available for the same subjects).
Serum Folate Levels During Anticonvulsant Therapy with Diphenylhydantoin

: In chronic disease hospitals, diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is widely used as an anticonvulsant drug. During prolonged treatment with DPH, low serum folate levels and occasionally megaloblastic anemia may develop. This study involved the evaluation of serum folate, iron, total iron-binding capacity and the hemogram in 27 patients with seizure disorders who were treated with DPH (100 mg three times daily), and 25 patients who served as controls. The dietary intakes of iron, folic acid and vitamin C were adequate, but the serum folate level was extremely low in most of the DPH patients, particularly those aged 60 or older. No macrocytosis was observed during the three-month study period.
Cell Culture Systems as Tools for Studying Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle

Two aspects of muscle cell phenotype that may be affected by aging are amenable to study in vitro: proliferative potential and ability to differentiate. These processes in primary myoblast cultures as well as in established myoblast cell lines will be examined, and the usefulness of these in vitro systems in addressing fundamental molecular mechanisms of muscle aging will be discussed.
Purification and characterization of bovine lactoferrin from secretions of the involuting mammary gland: Identification of multiple molecular weight forms

Abstract 1. 1. Lactoferrin was isolated from bovine mammary secretions collected during the nonlactating period. 2. 2. A method utilizing heparin-agarose affinity chromatography was more efficient for purifying lactoferrin than a method including gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and a second gel filtration. 3. 3. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the purified lactoferrin was composed of two protein bands of apparent mol. wt. of 83,000 and 87,000. 4. 4. Digestion with endoglycosidase H resolved the lactoferrin into two lower mol. wt. bands of 78,000 and 81,00. 5. 5. The biochemical differences between the forms of lactoferrin are not exclusively due to differences its endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharide composition.
Core-shell model for the magnetic properties of Pd nanoparticles

Abstract Pd is a well-known catalyst in a number of processes such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis. Here, measured magnetic properties of nanoparticles (NPs) of Pd with sizes D = 12 nm and 7.7 nm are compared with those of bulk Pd. These investigations show that the broad maximum in the magnetic susceptibility χ = M/H vs. T data near 100 K observed in bulk Pd is also observed in the NPs. In addition, the magnitude of χ is found to increase with decrease in D and hysteresis characteristic of ferromagnetism is observed in the NPs. These results are interpreted in terms of a core-shell model with bulk-like core but Pd atoms in the shell exhibiting ferromagnetism. The broad maximum in χ is interpreted in terms of the Fermi-liquid behavior of Stoner paramagnets. Applications to catalysis are discussed.
Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala on cocaine-seeking behavior and cocaine conditioned place preference in rats.

Incentive motivation for cocaine, elicited by cocaine-associated stimuli, is thought to be involved in craving and relapse. To examine the role of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLC) in this phenomenon, we assessed the effects of post-training BLC lesions on extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior and cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and the effects of pre-training BLC lesions on acquisition of cocaine-CPP. In Experiment 1, rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine and then received bilateral infusions of the excitotoxin, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA, 0.12 M; 0.3 μl/side), or vehicle into the BLC. They were then tested repeatedly for extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior (i.e. nonreinforced responses in the presence of cocaine-paired stimuli). Subsequently, they were trained and tested for acquisition of cocaine-CPP (i.e. increased time spent in a previously cocaine-paired, relative to a saline-paired, environment). Locomotion and compartment entries were also measured. In Experiment 2, rats were first trained and tested for cocaine-CPP, and then received NMDA or vehicle infusions into the BLC. Subsequently, they were tested repeatedly for extinction of cocaine-CPP. Post-training BLC lesions retarded extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior and cocaine-CPP, whereas pre-training lesions disrupted acquisition of cocaine-CPP. These effects did not appear to be related to changes in general activity. We suggest that pre-training BLC lesions disrupted acquisition of cocaine-CPP by impairing assignment of incentive value to cocaine-paired stimuli, whereas post-training BLC lesions disrupted extinction of cocaine-conditioned behaviors by impairing the assessment of the current incentive value of cocaine-paired stimuli.
Habituation of the galvanic skin response to tone as a function of age

Habituation of the galvanic skin response (GSR) to tone in male college students varying in age from 18-39 years old was examined. Older subjects habituated more slowly to tone than did younger ones. This confirmed our past work on habituation of the GSR to electric shock. The GSR is shown to be a sensitive and reliable measure of small differences in age as it affects learning. The clinical usefulness of this quantitative and sensitive measure in detecting small and early changes in learning and memory deficits associated with age and dementia is discussed.
In God we trust: religion and optimism toward biotechnology

Objectives. Biotechnology has been called a new industrial revolution. This revolution has and will produce many ethical and moral questions. Religion could have a significant role in these debates, yet little is known about how religion affects views of biotechnology. Methods. The 1997–1998 U.S. Biotechnology Study, a nationally representative data set resulting from telephone interviews, is analyzed to see how belief in a personal God and other religion variables affect scores on an optimism scale. Results. The analysis shows that church attendance and personal religiosity do not affect optimism. However, holding an image of a personal God who hears individual prayers produces a more optimistic view of biotechnology. Conclusions. I argue this finding is because holding an image of a personal and powerful God makes one more confident due to the safety net of having a God that could help guide biotechnology and protect against any negative consequences.
Influence of Coal Properties on Forward Combustion in Laminar Flow

Numerical results are presented for forward combustion in coal channels wherein the flow is laminar. The work is motivated by the need to describe deviations from ideal permeative flow characteristics in theoretical models of underground rubble gasification. For simplicity, the geometry is idealized to a straight circular channel of initially uniform diameter. Coal and inlet gas properties, as well as gas flow rate and initial channel diameter, are arbitrary. A baseline case, in which O/sub 2/-steam is injected into a channel in virgin coal, is chosen to match laboratory work reported by other investigators. The results of independent variation of six major parameters are also shown. Finally, representative results are presented for injection of a hot mixture of steam and gasification products into hot char.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α- or Lipopolysaccharide-induced Expression of the Murine P-selectin Gene in Endothelial Cells Involves Novel κB Sites and a Variant Activating Transcription Factor/cAMP Response Element

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases expression of the P-selectin gene in murine, but not in human, endothelial cells. These mediators augment expression of a reporter gene driven by the murine, but not the human, P-selectin promoter in transfected endothelial cells. The regions from −593 to −474 and from −229 to −13 in the murine P-selectin promoter are required for TNF-α or LPS to stimulate reporter gene expression. Within these regions, we identified two tandem κB elements, a reverse-oriented κB site and a variant activating transcription factor/cAMP response element (ATF/CRE), that participate in TNF-α- or LPS-induced expression. The tandem κB elements bound to NF-κB heterodimers and p65 homodimers, the reverse-oriented κB site bound to p65 homodimers, and the variant ATF/CRE bound to nuclear proteins that included activating transcription factor-2. Mutations in each individual element eliminated binding to nuclear proteins and decreased by 20–60% the TNF-α- or LPS-induced expression of a reporter gene driven by the murine P-selectin promoter in transfected endothelial cells. Simultaneous mutations of all elements further decreased, but did not abolish, induced expression. Co-overexpression of p50 and p65 enhanced murine P-selectin promoter activity in a κB site-dependent manner. These data indicate that the κB sites and the variant ATF/CRE are required for TNF-α or LPS to optimally induce expression of the murine P-selectin gene. The presence of these elements in the murine, but not the human, P-selectin gene may explain in part why TNF-α or LPS stimulates transcription of P-selectin in a species-specific manner.
Estimation of canopy parameters for inhomogeneous vegetation canopies from reflectance data: III. Trim: A model for radiative transfer in heterogeneous three-dimensional canopies

A model for radiative transfer in heterogeneous three-dimensional canopies such as those found in forests is proposed. Its use in estimating important biophysical variables such as leaf area index and canopy architecture from bidirectional canopy reflectance data is discussed. The model and its use in estimating canopy parameters through its inversion are validated with measured canopy reflectance data for corn canopies.
Allosteric cotransport of sodium, chloride, and calcium by the intestine of freshwater prawns

The apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium of the freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, has been found to possess an apparently unique allosteric carrier mechanism for the simultaneous cotransport of sodium, chloride, and calcium from mucosal solution to cytosol. Influxes of the two monovalent ions individually were sigmoidal functions of their respective luminal concentrations, and their kinetics followed the Hill equation for homotropic cooperativity between identical binding ligands. Increased influx of chloride sigmoidally stimulated enhanced influx of sodium, suggesting the occurrence of heterotropic cooperativity between the dissimilar ligands. Calcium entry displayed hyperbolic (Michaelis-Menten) kinetics, and this cation was found to act both as an allosteric activator of sodium entry on the shared carrier system by associating with a discrete divalent cation binding site, as well as functioning as a possible competitive inhibitor of the monovalent cation binding process. Chloride was neither an allosteric activator nor inhibitor, but appeared to function mainly as an affinity modifier of the allosteric protein for sodium.
Chiral separation by simultaneous use of vancomycin as stationary phase chiral selector and chiral mobile phase additive.

Abstract Improved chiral selectivity was observed for numerous compounds when vancomycin was added to the mobile phase on a Chirobiotic-V column. This chiral mobile phase additive (CMPA) is the same chiral selector as that bonded to the stationary phase of this Chirobiotic-V column. A substantial increase in the difference in enthalpy of transfer, ΔΔ H , and in the difference in entropy of transfer, ΔΔ S , for two enantiomers was observed when vancomycin was used as both the mobile phase and the stationary phase chiral selector. The importance of mobile phase composition, analytical column, CMPA concentration was investigated. Also, higher resolution was observed for the separations of acidic compounds when a fluidity enhancing solvent, such as fluoroform, was added into the mobile phase. However, the most commonly used fluidity enhancement solvent, CO 2 , was ineffective.
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) In Rainwater, Southeastern North Carolina, USA

The abundance and optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were determined in 120 rain samples collected in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA, between February 21, 2002 and August 11, 2003. All rainwater samples contained chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) as well as fluorescent compounds. The absorbance spectra of CDOM in the samples decreased exponentially with wavelength with little or no measurable absorbance past 550 nm. Fluorescence excitation emission spectra (EEMS) of the precipitation revealed the presence of four major peaks indicating both terrestrial and marine influences. There was a strong positive correlation between total integrated fluorescence and the absorbance coefficient at 300 nm in rainwater samples, suggesting that these optical properties are directly interrelated and that the compounds responsible for absorbance may be the same as those responsible for fluorescence. Air-mass back-trajectory analysis indicated elevated CDOM levels in continentally influenced rainwater relative to marine dominated events implying that anthropogenic and/or terrestrial sources are important contributors to CDOM levels in precipitation. The presence of highly absorbing and fluorescing CDOM in rainwater has significant ramifications in atmospheric chemistry and may play a previously unrecognized role in the wavelength dependent spectral attenuation of solar radiation by atmospheric waters.
Robust linear parameter-varying control of blood pressure using vasoactive drugs

Resuscitation of emergency care patients requires fast restoration of blood pressure to a target value to achieve hemodynamic stability and vital organ perfusion. A robust control design methodology is presented in this paper for regulating the blood pressure of hypotensive patients by means of the closed-loop administration of vasoactive drugs. To this end, a dynamic first-order delay model is utilised to describe the vasoactive drug response with varying parameters that represent intra-patient and inter-patient variability. The proposed framework consists of two components: first, an online model parameter estimation is carried out using a multiple-model extended Kalman-filter. Second, the estimated model parameters are used for continuously scheduling a robust linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller. The closed-loop behaviour is characterised by parameter-varying dynamic weights designed to regulate the mean arterial pressure to a target value. Experimental data of blood pressure response of anesthet...
SU-E-T-344: A Study of True Beam Linac Operation in a Varying Magnetic Field Environment

Purpose: To quantify the effects of transient, DC magnetic fields on the normal operation of a True Beam linac and to verify normal and accurate treatment delivery capability. This is necessary to ensure normal linac operation and accurate treatment delivery in such an environment. Methods: A data acquisitionsystem was constructed consisting of a Lake Shore vector magnetometer and 3‐axis probe including custom software to monitor and record the real‐time vector magnetic field value at an in‐air reference point near the linac. This data was correlated with various dosimetric and beam quality measurements taken simultaneously. Long duration measurements (2–5 minutes) of the four steering servo currents (Asymmetry Radial (AR), Position Radial (PR), Asymmetry Transverse (AT), and Position Transverse (PT)) were recorded and correlated with magnetic field measurements. Measurements of machine output, dose rate, and beam asymmetry were also recorded and correlated with magnetic field readings. These measurements were repeated for various combinations of gantry orientation and photon and electron beam energies. Results: Linac output, dose rate, and beam asymmetry versus magnetic field demonstrated no dependence on magnetic field.Correlation plots of the four steering servo currents versus magnetic field indicated a strong dependence (correlation coefficient close to ±1.0) for 3 of the 4 steering servos at a gantry angle of 0° at a photon energy of 6MV. This dependence weakened for one of the servos (AT) and strengthened for one (AR) as the gantry angle was changed to 270°. Extrapolation of the correlation plots of each servo to the engineering limits were used to obtain a maximum permissible magnetic field value for the room Conclusions: Effects of magnetic field on linac operation was systematically quantified. Results indicate that the linac is fully capable of normal and accurate treatment delivery despite the ambient magnetic field environment in the room.
The microdynamics of structural change: Patterns of merger and diversification activity among food manufacturers

Large food manufacturers grew rapidly between 1976 and 1982, both by increasing their share of food manufacturing and by expanding into services. Diversification into new industries accounted for more than half of that growth. Much of the new diversification was directed toward related industries, such as foodservice, other food manufacturing industries, or several agricultural sectors. Diversification is usually carried out through merger, and between 1977 and 1986 acquisitions and divestitures led to ownership changes at establishments employing over 40% of the food manufacturing employees of the 500 largest food firms. These conclusions are drawn from analysis of a highly detailed dataset based on individual establishment records.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia diagnosed by the ophthalmologist.

Purpose.To show the clinical features of a case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in which the diagnosis was prompted by ophthalmologic examination.Methods.A retrospective case review of a 56-year-old East Indian woman whose presentation to the eye clinic with a history of bloody tears and co
Review of Arterial Vascular Ultrasound

Duplex ultrasound (US) is established as having a major role in the assessment of both extracranial carotid disease and lower limb graft surveillance. It is also of considerable value in the assessment of lower limb ischemia when used in conjunction with clinical and pressure measurements, and in the monitoring of abdominal aneurysms. Its many other arterial applications are of interest but are currently less well defined. The impact of power Doppler, contrast agents, harmonic imaging, and 3-dimensional reconstruction techniques is yet to be fully appreciated.
English past tense use as a clinical marker in older bilingual children with language impairment

This study compared the use of English past tense in a group of Spanish-English bilingual children with language impairment (BLI) to younger groups of bilinguals with typical and atypical language development reported in an earlier study. Ten children with BLI enrolled in 3rd-6th grade participated. Children supplied 12 regular, 12 irregular, and 12 novel past tense verbs on an elicitation task. The results demonstrated that despite 2.5 years of school exposure, older children with BLI still lagged in the production of regular and novel past tense verbs when compared to the younger typically developing (TD) controls. Although the rates of productive errors on irregular verbs increased, the older students nonetheless failed to achieve rates of over-regularization comparable to the younger TD group. These data extend earlier findings regarding the exceptional challenge of past tense use, particularly with respect to finite verb morphology in certain children with BLI. These challenges, combined with similarities between monolingual and bilingual impairment, are largely compatible with a linguistic deficit account.
Low temperature preservation of monkey marrow in dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract The marrow-repopulating ability of autologous marrow was evaluated in monkeys given 1200 R of whole body irradiation. Four monkeys given supportive therapy and no marrow infusion died within 13 days of irradiation with marrow aplasia. Six monkeys given marrow stored at 4 °C for 4 hrs showed hemopoietic recovery and four lived beyond 60 days. Twenty monkeys receiving marrow stored at −80 °C or −170 °C in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide for 6 to 36 days showed histological evidence of marrow repopulation. Fourteen of the 20 showed recovery of white blood cell and platelet counts and eight survived beyond 60 days. It was concluded that 10% DMSO is a useful cryopreservative agent for monkey marrow.
710-6 Economic Impact of Reduced Anticoagulation After Saphenous Vein Graft Stent Placement

Stent (S) placement in the treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions has been limited by increased bleeding complications and prolonged hospital stay due to intense anticoagulation after procedure. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guided S implantation with R educed A nticoagulation (no heparin or coumadin post procedure) VE in graft S tent trial (RAVES) was designed to address these issues. To assess the economic impact of this novel Splacement technique, we compared the in-hospital complications and costs in 33 RAVES pts with 77 pts who underwent standard (Non-RAVES) S deployment for SVG lesions. Enrollment criteria, pt demographics and pre-treatment angiographic findings were similar between the 2 groups. Vascular/bleeding complications = hematoma with g 15% drop in hematocrit, A-V fistula, pseudoaneurysm, retroperitoneal bleed, and gastrointestinal bleed. RAVES Non-RAVES P value Vascular/bleeding complications (%) 3.1 19.1 0.04 Transfusion/Surgical repair (%) 0/0 24.0/9.3 0.002/0.1 Subacute thrombosis (%) 0 1.3 1.0 In-hospital Complications (%): 0/0/0/0 1.3/0/0/1.3 1.0/-/-/1.0 Death/MI/CABG/Repeat PTCA Length of stay (days) 4.3 ± 2.0 82 ± 4.9 l0.0001 Costs ($) 8,734 ± 2,238 14,182 ± 6,938 l0.0001 There were no out-of-hospital ischemic complications reported up to 1 month (vulnerable period for subacute thrombosis) after procedure in both groups. In Conclusion IVUS guided S implantation with reduced anticoagulation resulted in marked reduction in bleeding events and no increase in procedural or 30-day complications, The hospital length of stay was significang (38.4%) compared with Nontly reduced in the RAVES pts with substantial cost savin-RAVES pts. If this observation holds true in a larger cohort, S placement with reduced anticoagulation should be the treatment of choice for SVG lesions.
A baboon flow-regulated shunt for the study of small caliber vascular grafts

Synthetic vascular grafts often occlude when used in low-flow high-resistance reconstructions. In order to study the pathophysiology of graft failure a flow-regulated ex vivo shunt was designed for insertion into the baboon femoral artery and vein. Synthetic graft materials (4 mm i.d.) can be placed into the shunt circuit and studied at known rates of flow for uptake of 111In-labeled platelets. Segments of the grafts can be removed from the shunt circuit at specified time intervals for morphologic study with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this paper the shunt model is described in detail and early experiments with it are reported. Labeled platelet uptake and SEM studies suggest that flow rate and graft composition influence the deposition of platelets and other blood components on graft surfaces. At high-flow knitted Dacron attracts large numbers of platelets, and becomes covered with a nearly confluent platelet-protein carpet within 1 hr. At low flow platelet uptake and development of the platelet-protein carpet is slower. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) attracts few platelets at high-flow rates, but at lower-flow rates begins to develop a platelet-protein carpet similar to that seen on knitted Dacron. Flow-related factors influencing platelet deposition are discussed and further experiments to be carried out with this model are described.
Subjective quality evaluation of low-bit-rate video

A subjective quality evaluation was performed to qualify vie4wre responses to visual defects that appear in low bit rate video at full and reduced frame rates. The stimuli were eight sequences compressed by three motion compensated encoders - Sorenson Video, H.263+ and a Wavelet based coder - operating at five bit/frame rate combinations. The stimulus sequences exhibited obvious coding artifacts whose nature differed across the three coders. The subjective evaluation was performed using the Single Stimulus Continuos Quality Evaluation method of UTI-R Rec. BT.500-8. Viewers watched concatenated coded test sequences and continuously registered the perceived quality using a slider device. Data form 19 viewers was colleted. An analysis of their responses to the presence of various artifacts across the range of possible coding conditions and content is presented. The effects of blockiness and blurriness on perceived quality are examined. The effects of changes in frame rate on perceived quality are found to be related to the nature of the motion in the sequence.
Storytelling and Ethnographic Intersections: Vietnamese Adoptees and Rescue Narratives

The exit of approximately 2,000 Vietnamese orphans in April 1975 through Operation Babylift is a key part of Vietnam War debates. The Babylift volunteers, American women who aided with the children's evacuation, published autobiographies of their involvement and publicly commemorated the history. This article uses pedagogy, collective memory, and commemoration theory to examine how Vietnamese adoptees negotiate the volunteers' accounts and how they reclaim their history by labeling the volunteers' narratives as inadequate, recognize their community's agency, and create new commemorations. The article uses interviews, participation observation, and Vietnamese adoptee written life stories to discuss Vietnamese adoption. It also explores some issues of using life story texts in ethnographic research.
DISCRIMINATION REACTION TIME AS A FUNCTION OF INCENTIVE-RELATED DRQ ANXIETY AND TASK DIFFICULTY.

This study was concerned with evaluating the effects of incentive-related, transient anxiety on discrimination reaction time in terms of task difficulty. Ss were 472 Mobile, Alabama school children...
The role of excess vacancies in precipitation

Excess vacancy concentrations are known to have a strong effect on rates of precipitation from solid solution. In quenched AI-4w/o Cu alloys, for example, precipitation rates are many orders of magnitude greater than predicted on the basis of extrapolated high temperature di f fusiv i t ies (1). Similar effects have been observed in other alloy systems (1,2,3). This enhancement is usually attributed to the increased growth rate of precipitates due to the quenched-in vacancies. Diffusion in most metals is by the vacancy mechanism, so an n-fold increase in vacancy concentration gives an n-fold increase in diffusion rate.
Viruses and Human Cancers: a Long Road of Discovery of Molecular Paradigms

About a fifth of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infectious agents. In 12% of cancers, seven different viruses have been causally linked to human oncogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, hepatitis C virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Here, we review the many molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis that have been discovered over the decades of study of these viruses. We discuss how viruses can act at different stages in the complex multistep process of carcinogenesis. Early events include their involvement in mutagenic events associated with tumor initiation such as viral integration and insertional mutagenesis as well as viral promotion of DNA damage. Also involved in tumor progression is the dysregulation of cellular processes by viral proteins, and we describe how this has been investigated by studies in cell culture and in experimental animals and by molecular cellular approaches. Also important are the molecular mechanisms whereby viruses interact with the immune system and the immune evasion strategies that have evolved.
Phosphorylation-Induced Structural Change in Phospholamban and Its Mutants, Detected by Intrinsic Fluorescence†

We have used intrinsic fluorescence to test the hypothesis that phosphorylation induces a conformational change in phospholamban (PLB), a regulatory protein in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Phosphorylation of PLB, which relieves inhibition of the cardiac Ca-ATPase, has been shown to decrease the mobility of PLB in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In the present study, we found that this mobility shift depends on the acrylamide concentration in the gel, suggesting that phosphorylation increases the effective Stokes radius. To further characterize this structural change, we performed spectroscopic experiments under the conditions of SDS-PAGE. CD indicated that phosphorylation at Ser-16 does not change PLB's secondary structure significantly. However, the fluorescence of Tyr-6 in the cytoplasmic domain of PLB changed significantly upon PLB phosphorylation: phosphorylation increased the fluorescence quantum yield and decreased the quenching efficiency by acrylamide, suggesting a local structural change that decreases the solvent accessibility of Tyr-6. A point mutation (L37A) in the transmembrane domain, which disrupts PLB pentamers and produces monomers in SDS-PAGE and in lipid bilayers, showed similar phosphorylation effects on fluorescence, indicating that subunit interactions within PLB are not crucial for the observed conformational change in SDS. When PLB was reconstituted into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipid bilayers, similar phosphorylation effects in fluorescence were observed, suggesting that PLB behaves similarly in response to phosphorylation in both detergent and lipid environments. We conclude that phosphorylation induces a structural change within the PLB protomer that decreases the solvent accessibility of Tyr-6. The similarity of this structural change in monomers and pentamers is consistent with models in which the PLB monomer is sufficient for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the Ca-ATPase.
Adhesion molecules as regulators of mast-cell and basophil function

Basophils and mast cells play a role both in immediate allergic reactions and in inflammation. Both types of cells have surface adhesion receptors that can mediate binding to other cells and to extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Here Majed Hamawy and colleagues discuss the importance of these adhesion molecules in regulating basophil and mast-cell functions.
Analysis of Longitudinal Data: The Integration of Theoretical Model, Temporal Design, and Statistical Model

This article argues that ideal longitudinal research is characterized by the seamless integration of three elements: (a) a well-articulated theoretical model of change observed using (b) a temporal design that affords a clear and detailed view of the process, with the resulting data analyzed by means of (c) a statistical model that is an operationalization of the theoretical model. Two general varieties of theoretical models are considered: models in which the time-related change of primary interest is continuous, and those in which it is characterized by movement between discrete states. In addition, two general types of temporal designs are considered: the longitudinal panel design and the intensive longitudinal design. For each general category of theoretical models, some of the analytic possibilities available for longitudinal panel designs and for intensive longitudinal designs are discussed. The article concludes with brief discussions of two issues particularly relevant to longitudinal research--missing data and measurement--and a few words about exploratory research.