cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Bis[hydrobis(3-phenylpyrazolyl)(5-phenylpyrazolyl)borato]-zinc(II)

The X-ray crystal structure of (C54 H42 B2 N12 Zn)*2(C H Cl3) is reported. The title compound is a chloroform-solvated neutral complex crystallizing in the Triclinic space group, P − 1, with two half complexes (each located on a crystallographic center of inversion) and two full chloroform molecules appearing in the asymmetric unit. The capping ligands are related by symmetry and together form, essentially, an octahedral coordination sphere. Strain is apparent in the complex as indicated by asymmetric bond distances and angles. Final statistical data: R = 4.60% with I > 2σ(I), a = 11.2912(8) A, b = 14.7912(11) A, c = 17.0047(13) A, α = 72.3560(10)°, β = 89.8950(10)°, γ = 88.1010(10)°, Z = 2. Crystal structure of a Zn complex containing two scorpionate ligands is reported.
Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced cell death in primary human hepatocytes.

Abstract Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most prevalent cause of drug-induced liver injury in western countries. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanisms of injury after APAP overdose in various animal models; however, the importance of these mechanisms for humans remains unclear. Here we investigated APAP hepatotoxicity using freshly isolated primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from either donor livers or liver resections. PHH were exposed to 5 mM, 10 mM or 20 mM APAP over a period of 48 h and multiple parameters were assessed. APAP dose-dependently induced significant hepatocyte necrosis starting from 24 h, which correlated with the clinical onset of human liver injury after APAP overdose. Interestingly, cellular glutathione was depleted rapidly during the first 3 h. APAP also resulted in early formation of APAP-protein adducts (measured in whole cell lysate and in mitochondria) and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 12 h. Furthermore, APAP time-dependently triggered c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. Both co-treatment and post-treatment (3 h) with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced JNK activation and significantly attenuated cell death at 24 h and 48 h after APAP. The clinical antidote N-acetylcysteine offered almost complete protection even if administered 6 h after APAP and a partial protection when given at 15 h. Conclusion: These data highlight important mechanistic events in APAP toxicity in PHH and indicate a critical role of JNK in the progression of injury after APAP in humans. The JNK pathway may represent a therapeutic target in the clinic.
Volatile concentrations in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Columbia River flood basalts and associated lavas of the Oregon Plateau: Implications for magma genesis

Abstract The volatile budgets and elemental compositions of primary magmas and their sources can be estimated through study of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in basaltic lavas, thereby providing insights about melting processes in the mantle. We report data on melt inclusions in 58 host-olivine crystals from seven basalt samples from the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) group in eastern Oregon and Washington, which have been analyzed for their major-oxide, trace-element and volatile (H2O, S, F, and Cl) concentrations to constrain the origin of this large igneous province. A wide range in H2O concentrations has been discovered, with the highest amount of 4.2 wt.% found in olivine grains from a lava flow in the Malheur Gorge area, which erupted several million years after the hypothesized initial impingement of the Yellowstone Hotspot against the lithosphere of the North American Plate. This H2O concentration and others in our Columbia River–Oregon Plateau sample suite are significantly higher than those observed in lavas from hotspots such as Hawaii (~ 0.8–0.9 wt.%) or in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORBs) (~ 0.2 wt.%), and are comparable to those measured for the lavas in the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone volcanic corridor and in some island and continental arcs. Lavas considered to be of plume origin from the Picture Gorge basalts in the main-eruptive-stage of the CRB show H2O concentrations of up to 2.4 wt.%, also significantly higher than values published previously for any plume-related volcanism. The highest H2O concentrations have been found most often in the least differentiated melt inclusions, indicating that these volatiles are not the result of differentiation at shallow levels in the crust. The enrichment of Ba relative to Th in many of the melt inclusions may indicate that volatiles in the CRB-OPB large igneous province have a subduction zone origin, which underscores the importance of flux melting in the generation of at least some of Earth’s large igneous provinces.
Identification of two new members of the l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase-encoding multigene family in mung bean

The key enzyme regulating ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants is l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) synthase. In mung bean (MB), the existence of three genes encoding this enzyme has previously been reported [Botella et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 18 (1992) 793-797], one of which corresponds to a full-length indole-3-acetic acid-inducible cDNA [Botella et al., Plant Mol. Biol. (1992) 425-436], In this paper we report the cloning of two new genomic sequences coding for ACC synthase in MB (MAC-4 and MAC-5). MAC-4 is 1340 bp long and encodes 388 amino acids (aa) while MAC-5 is 1393 bp long and encodes for 391 aa. Genomic Southern analysis suggests the existence of only one copy of each gene in the genome.
Role of Src kinase in diperoxovanadate-mediated activation of phospholipase D in endothelial cells.

We have shown earlier that oxidant-induced activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is regulated by protein tyrosine kinases. To further understand the regulation of oxidant-induced PLD activation, we investigated the role of Src kinase. Treatment of bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs) with a model oxidant, diperoxovanadate (DPV), at 5 microM concentration, for 30 min, stimulated PLD activity (four- to eightfold), which was attenuated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and by Src kinase-specific inhibitors PP-1 and PP-2, in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, BPAECs exposed to DPV (5 microM) for 2 min showed activation of Src kinase as observed by increased tyrosine phosphorylation and autophosphorylation in Src immunoprecipitates, which was attenuated by PP-2. Src immunoprecipitates of cell lysates from control BPAECs exhibited PLD activity in cell-free preparations, which was Arf- and Rho-sensitive and was enhanced at 2 min of DPV (5 microM) treatment. Also, Western blots of Src immunoprecipitates of control cells revealed the presence of PLD(1) and PLD(2), suggesting the association of PLD with Src kinase under basal conditions. However, exposure of cells to DPV (5 microM) for 2 min enhanced the association of PLD(2) but not PLD(1) with Src. Western blotting of immunoprecipitates of PLD(1) and PLD(2) isoforms of control BPAECs revealed the presence of Src under basal conditions and exposure of cells to DPV (5 microM) for 2 min enhanced the association of PLD(2) with Src in PLD(2) immunoprecipitates. Transient expression of a dominant negative mutant of Src in BPAECs attenuated DPV- but not TPA-induced PLD activation. In cell-free preparations, Src did not phosphorylate either PLD(1) or PLD(2) compared to protein kinase Calpha or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These data show for the first time a direct association of Src with PLD in ECs and regulation of PLD in intact cells.
Oxygen supplies in disaster management

Mass casualty events and disasters, both natural and human-generated, occur frequently around the world and can generate scores of injured or ill victims in need of resources. Of the available medical supplies, oxygen remains the critical consumable resource in disaster management. Strategic management of oxygen supplies in disaster scenarios remains a priority. Hospitals have large supplies of liquid oxygen and a supply of compressed gas oxygen cylinders that allow several days of reserve, but a large influx of patients from a disaster can strain these resources. Most backup liquid oxygen supplies are attached to the main liquid system and supply line. In the event of damage to the main system, the reserve supply is rendered useless. The Strategic National Stockpile supplies medications, medical supplies, and equipment to disaster areas, but it does not supply oxygen. Contracted vendors can deliver oxygen to alternate care facilities in disaster areas, in the form of concentrators, compressed gas cylinders, and liquid oxygen. Planning for oxygen needs following a disaster still presents a substantial challenge, but alternate care facilities have proven to be valuable in relieving pressure from the mass influx of patients into hospitals, especially for those on home oxygen who require only an electrical source to power their oxygen concentrator.
A population genetic study of six VNTR loci in three ethnically defined populations.

Abstract To investigate the population genetic characteristics of VNTR polymorphisms in human populations, we have studied the allele frequency distribution of six VNTR loci (D1S57, RB1, D1S77, D1S61, α-globin 5′HVR, D1S76) in three well-defined populations (Kachari of Northeast India; Dogrib Indian of Canada; and New Guinea Highlander of Papua New Guinea). Even though the number of alleles sampled is limited, 48 to 92 alleles per locus per population, significant variation is noticed in the number of alleles per locus for all the populations. Using alternate summary measures, we have observed that genotype distributions at the six VNTR loci apparently conform to their respective Hardy-Weinberg predictions. Multilocus genotype profiles of the individuals in each of the three populations suggest that the VNTR alleles are independently segregating with the exception of the two linked loci D1S76 and D1S77. Lack of fit of all VNTR loci to one particular model of mutational change, either the Infinite Allele Model or the Stepwise Mutation Model, suggests more than one mechanism for production of new VNTR alleles. This study also indicates that increased heterozygosity at VNTR loci in comparison to protein and blood group loci may lead to more accurate estimates of genetic distance.
Ionic excited states of Ne2F

Abstract Ab initio molecular electronic structure theory has been applied to the nine lowest potential energy surfaces of Ne 2 F. A valence double zeta basis set was used in conjunction with first-order configuration interaction wavefunctions. In analogy with the results of Wadt and Hay for Ar 2 F, the 2 2 B 2 state of Ne 2 F was found to be significantly bound, by 0.76 eV relative to its lowest dissociation limit, Ne + 2 2 Σ + NeF. The pertinence of these results to possible neon-fluoride laser systems is noted.
Effectiveness of the selective aldosterone blocker, eplerenone, in patients with resistant hypertension

Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled hypertension despite intensive treatment with at least three antihypertensive agents, one of which ideally should be a diuretic. To determine the efficacy and safety of the selective aldosterone antagonist eplerenone in this population, we studied patients with resistant hypertension (clinic blood pressure [BP] >140 mm Hg systolic or >90 mm Hg diastolic on maximal doses of more than three antihypertensive agents, including a loop or thiazide diuretic). At baseline and after 12 weeks of eplerenone therapy (50 to 100 mg daily titrated to effect), patients underwent clinic and 24-hour BP measurements, serum potassium, plasma renin activity, and serum aldosterone measurements. Patients (n = 52) completing the trial averaged 62 +/- 10 years of age, were overweight (mean body mass index, 32.1 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2)), and had variable renal function (glomerular filtration rate, 106 +/- 38 mL/minute); 70% were men and 74% were non-Black. The mean number of antihypertensive agents at baseline was 3.7 +/- 0.8 (range, three to seven drugs) to achieve a clinic BP of 150.5/84.1 mm Hg. The mean serum aldosterone was 12.9 +/- 7.6 ng/mL and plasma renin activity was 2.3 +/- 2.7 ng/mL/hour. After eplerenone, the change from baseline in the clinic BP was -17.6/-7.9 mm Hg (P 5.5 mEq/L, but 0.3 for both SBP and DBP, P < .0001), weakly related to baseline serum aldosterone (r = -0.30; P = .05), and unrelated to plasma renin activity, age, gender, or race. In conclusion, eplerenone demonstrated substantial efficacy in treatment-resistant hypertension and was well-tolerated with modest changes in plasma potassium. Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity did not predict BP responses to eplerenone in this population.
The role of body mass index in the relative risk of developing premenopausal versus postmenopausal breast cancer.

AbstractMany women in industrialized countries are overweight. Excess body fat is associated with excess morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis and diabetes. In some cases, overweight/obesity also is implicated with increased incidence of breast cancer, but the results of these studies are not consistent. Human breast cancer is usually distinguished as either premenopausal or postmenopausal. In this review, we focus on literature that presents body mass index (BMI, weight/height2) ranges and identifies menstrual status. The majority of the relevant prospective studies support an inverse relationship between BMI and the relative risk (RR) of developing premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, a positive relationship between BMI and the RR of developing postmenopausal breast cancer is reported in only half of all prospective studies on this topic. Those studies that do not show a positive RR, in general, have used younger postmenopausal women, and their body weights were obtained prior to menopause. ...
Optimal Zone Design for Feeder Transit Services

Feeder transit services generally operate within residential service areas and move customers to and from a transfer point that connects to a major fixed-route transit network. Feeders can operate in a traditional fixed-route or in an emerging demand-responsive fashion. In designing such systems, planners may divide the entire service area into zones independently served by a single feeder line to provide better customer service, lower operating cost, and make management of the operations easier. An analytical model is developed to help decision makers determine the number of zones in a residential service area while balancing customer service quality and vehicle operating costs. For fixed-route and demand-responsive feeder transit, closed-form expressions and numerical procedures are used to derive the optimal number of zones as a function of the main parameters. Analytical expressions are validated by simulation runs.
Effect of Environmental Temperature on the Life Span of Red Blood Cells in Domestic Fowl

Abstract The mean red blood cell life span was determined to two groups of 18 week old Athens Randombred male birds using a 51 Cr labeling procedure. There were eight birds in each group. One group was raised at 8°C. and the other at 30°C. There were no statistical differences due to temperature between the two groups which had mean red blood cell life spans of 27.4 and 26.7 days at 8° and 30°C., respectively.
Anti-βs-Ribozyme Reduces βs mRNA Levels in Transgenic Mice: Potential Application to the Gene Therapy of Sickle Cell Anemia

Abstract ABSTRACT: Our current strategy for gene therapy of sickle cell anemia involves retroviral vectors capable of transducing “designer” globin genes that code for novel anti-sickling globins (while resisting digestion by a ribozyme), coupled with the expression of a hammerhead ribozyme that can selectively cleave the human β S mRNA. In this report, we have tested in vivo an anti-β S hammerhead ribozyme embedded within a cDNA coding for the luciferase reporter gene driven by the human β-globin promoter and hyper-sensitive sites 3 and 4 of the locus control region. We have created mice transgenic for this luciferase-ribozyme construct and bred the ribozyme transgene into mice that were already transgenic for the human β S gene. We then measured expression of the β S transgene at the protein and RNA levels by HPLC and primer extension. The presence of the ribozyme was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the level of β S mRNA in spleen stress reticulocytes (from 60.5±4.1% to 52.9 ± 4.2%) and in the percentage of β S globin chains in very young mice (from 44.5 ± 0.6% to 40.8 ± 0.7%). These results demonstrate that it is possible to decrease the concentration of β S chains and mRNA with the help of a hammerhead ribozyme. While the enormous amount of globin mRNA in reticulocytes is a challenge for ribozyme technology, the exquisite dependence of the delay time for formation of Hb S nuclei on the concentration of Hb S in red blood cells suggests that even a modest reduction in Hb S concentration would have therapeutic value.
Veblen, Berle and the Modern Corporation*

BASIC PROBLEMS of economic theory and public policy have been persistently raised by the evolution of the business corporation in this country, from the time of the early colonizing companies to the creation of the new quasi-governmental Communications Satellite Corporation. During its early history, both in Europe and America, the corporation's public and governmental character was well recognized. In the middle and latter parts of the 19th century, however, the corporation took on a predominantly private character in law and economic theory as well as in popular belief and actual practice. The 20th century has witnessed another sweeping reversal of emphasis as to the character and significance of the modern business corporation. In the period between the early writings of Thorstein Veblen and the recent ones of Adolf A. Berle, Jr., the large corporation has come to be viewed increasingly as an administrative and political as well as economic agency. In this paper we are concerned primarily with the recent and current theorizing about the "governmental" character of the huge, publicly held business corporation. Prior to the 1930's the corporation was treated mainly as an aspect of the trust problem and a device for financial manipulation and control. Emphasis was placed on its use in creating industrial monopolies and its abuses in the sphere of corporation finance. Veblen shared these views of the corporation, which he treated in terms of his dichotomy between business and industry. In his writings he pictured the corporation as a device used to control industrial operations for purposes of profit or pecuniary gain, as opposed to serviceability or material welfare.l There has been a major shift in perspective on the significance of the large corporation, however, since the publication in 1932 of the monumental study of The Modern Corporation and Private Property by Berle and Means,
Self-Control in School-Age Children.

Conflicts between immediately rewarding activities and more enduringly valued goals abound in the lives of school-age children. Such conflicts call upon children to exercise self-control, a competence that depends in part on the mastery of metacognitive, prospective strategies. The process model of self-control organizes these strategies into five families corresponding to sequential phases in the process by which undesired and desired impulses lose or gather force over time. Situation selection and situation modification strategies involve choosing or changing physical or social circumstances. Attentional deployment and cognitive change strategies involve altering whether and how objective features of the situation are mentally represented. Finally, response modulation strategies involve the direct suppression or enhancement of impulses. The process model of self-control predicts that strategies deployed earlier in the process of impulse generation and regulation generally will be more effective than tho...
Control of SC1 Wet Cleaning Process for Nano-Scale Gate Oxide Integrity

The effect of H2O:H2O2:NH4OH (SC1) pre-gate cleaning on the oxide thickness and Si etching were investigated. If the oxide thickness is more than 11 A, etching of SiO2 is dominant, while the oxidation rate on Si surface is faster than the etch rate of Si, if the oxide thickness is less than 11 A. The thickness of thin gate oxide is affected by SC1 cleaning and the photoresist removal method in a dual-gate-oxide integrity process. The etch rate of a hydrophobic silicon surface was five times faster than that of a hydrophilic surface in a 50°C 5:1:1 SC1 solution. If the surface was converted into hydrophilic, the etch rate of silicon dropped to 1.0 A/min, and remained constant with the process time. The etch rate of silicon reflecting the etch rate of chemical oxide is higher than that of the thermal oxide, but lower than that of the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) tetra ethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) film.
Physical aging of even saturated monoacid triglycerides

The polymorphism and kinetics of phase transformations of triglycerides have been investigated using a polarizing microscope equipped with a variable temperature gradient stage. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray, NMR, and IR data supplement the visual observations. The α-polymorphic transformation was observed to change with time in the cases of trilaurin, trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin, triarachidin, and tribehenin and can be described by the equation: $$t = e^{ - K\Delta T} - 1.$$ The greater stability of the α-polymorph chain triglycerides can be attributed to the larger energy of activation needed for the transition to occur. Estimates of the energy of activation (14–76 kcal/chain) imply that, not only does the transformation process involve simple Van der Waals CH2-CH2 interactions, but one must also consider chain-chain entanglement.
When an Asthma Drug Has an Inferiority Complex: A Noninferiority Trial

After a new drug ascends to the regulatory summit of approval, the immediate and appropriate response by clinicians is to wonder if it has risen to a greater height of efficacy than drugs already available. The answer can depend on the outcome of clinical interest and the relative balance of clinical efficacy, safety, patient acceptability, and cost. It is against this background of uncertainty that comparison studies, typically funded by pharmaceutical companies, triangulate the relative value of new drugs compared with old. In this issue of Pediatrics , Garcia and colleagues1 report a multicenter, double-blinded, active-control, randomized trial to compare the efficacy of oral montelukast and inhaled fluticasone in children 6 to 14 years old with mild persistent asthma. The study's primary hypothesis was that montelukast was not inferior to fluticasone in the change in percent of asthma “rescue-free days” over the course of 1 year. Thus, this study is a noninferiority trial, a relatively recent study design that tests the equivalency of 1 drug to another. In the drug-approval process, an active control trial is used in place of a placebo-controlled study, when, for example, it would be unethical to randomize to a placebo. More recently, noninferiority designs have been used in postmarketing studies to establish a drug's equivalence to existing drugs in the clinical marketplace.2 The stakes in these studies are high for patients whose therapy may be modified as a result of the findings and for pharmaceutical companies selling the drugs. How should a reader evaluate … Address correspondence to David C. Goodman, MD, MS, Department of Pediatrics and the Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School, 7251 Strasenburgh Hall, Hanover, NH 03755. E-mail: david.goodman{at}dartmouth.edu
Soliton experiments in stimulated Raman scattering

Experimental observations of solitons in stimulated Raman scattering are reported. Soliton formation resulted from the introduction of aπ phase shift in the incident Stokes beam as predicted by theory. Pulse sharpening and retardation on propagation in the Raman medium have been observed along with amplitude diminution. The first two features were predicted and the third was not. Spontaneous soliton formation has been observed in the absense of any amplitude modulation or apparent phase shift in the optical fields, indicating that additional sets of initial conditions may result in soliton formation.
Fiber Optic Data Bus Using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) And An Asymmetric Coupler

A fiber optic data bus, using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is discussed. The use of FDM is motivated by the need to avoid central control of the bus operation. A major difficulty of such a data bus is introduced by the couplers. An efficient low loss access coupler with an asymmetric structure is presented, and manufacturing processes for the coupler are proposed.
Comparison of volumes by means of the areas of central sections

The Busemann-Petty problem asks whether origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^n with smaller areas of all central hyperplane sections necessarily have smaller n-dimensional volume. The solution was completed in the end of the 1990s, and the answer is affirmative if n= =5. Since the answer is negative in most dimensions, it is natural to ask what information about the volumes of central sections of two bodies does allow to compare the n-dimensional volumes of these bodies in all dimensions. In this article we give an answer to this question in terms of certain powers of the Laplace operator applied to the section function of the body.
Identifying Research Needs for Improving Health Care

Insights from systematic reviews can help new studies better meet the priorities and needs of patients and communities. However, systematic reviews unfortunately have not yet achieved this position to direct and guide new research studies. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Evidence-based Practice Center Program uses systematic reviews to identify gaps in current evidence and has developed a systematic process of prioritizing these gaps with stakeholder input into clearly defined "future research needs." Eight Evidence-based Practice Centers began to apply this effort in 2010 to various clinical and policy topics. Gaps that prevented systematic reviewers from answering central questions of the review may include insufficient studies on subpopulations, insufficient studies with appropriate comparators, lack of appropriate outcomes measured, and methods problems. Stakeholder panels, consisting of advocacy groups, patients, researchers, clinicians, funders, and policymakers, help refine the gaps through multiple conference calls and prioritization exercises. Each report highlights a focused set of 4 to 15 high-priority needs with an accompanying description of possible considerations for study design. Identification of high-priority research needs could potentially speed the development and implementation of high-priority, stakeholder-engaged research.
Predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis

To determine whether the magnitude of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific IgE response at the time of an episode of RSV bronchiolitis in infancy accurately predicts the development of subsequent wheezing episodes, we observed 38 infants prospectively from the time of an episode of infantile bronchiolitis through 48 months of age. Peak RSV-IgE titers were measured at the time of the bronchiolitis episode using an ELISA procedure. Notation was made of both the number of subsequent wheezing episodes reported by parents and the number documented by a physician. Subsequent wheezing was documented by a physician in 20% of infants who did not develop an RSV-IgE response at the time of the bronchiolitis episode and in 70% of those with the highest responses (P
An investigation of the interaction of polycrystalline zirconium with O2, N2, CO and N2O: II. Pretreatment effects on O2 chemisorption properties

Abstract The chemisorption of oxygen at room temperature on polycrystalline zirconium has been studied using AES and ESCA as a function of sample pretreatment. It is shown that annealing at high temperature greatly reduces the ability of zirconium to chemisorb oxygen but that its activity can be restored by argon-ion bombardment. This suggests that chemisorption may be site specific and that the concentration of these sites can be manipulated by varying sample pretreatment.
The case for relief of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in neonates and young children at time of diagnosis.

reloplasty remains the mrapy for ureteropelvic :ion, although recent re: pereutaneous repair in t by endoureteropyelot, ~.2 The optimal time to ruction caused by UPJ and young children has ,eeause of recent clinical lave developed protocols ~ving UPJ obstruction in !fetal hydronephrosis af-6 The reason for the deaaturation, thought posthe interpretation of the ne use arbitrary criteria ~i~Q~gnose obstruction based exclusively on the i t ~ r e t a t i o n of the diuretic-assisted renogram ! ~ e d one month after birth. 3-5 The question i!~ predictive value of the renogram in imi i ~ e kidneys is the primary reason for evaluii obstruction after one month. 6,7 The high anits reported lost or deteriod repair of UPJ obstruction in :5 prompted us to review our long with the literature. As in our data support the efficacy and repair of UPJ obstruction young children to reduce the tion deterioration. s been proponents of relieving aused by UPJ strictures in all "oups as soon as the diagnosis is made. 9 We ieport a ten-year experience with early re!IJPJ obstruction in neonates and young ien below the age of six years A review of
Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a Sonoran desert ecosystem

Abstract Urbanization produces fundamental changes in ecosystem structure and populations. To study urbanization impacts on habitat and avian populations we chose 21 upland sites and 21 riparian sites in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Habitat structure and species composition were measured at each sample point and a variety of landscape-habitat metrics were measured from aerial photographs and recorded as to location using a geographic information system (GIS). Spearman’s rank correlations of habitat and avian community descriptor variables tested the strength and significance of the relationship between variables. Full stepwise regression procedures assessed the response to independent variables of landscape-habitat to five bird guilds. Guilds varied in the strength and nature of the relationship between community parameters and several gradients of habitat structure, vegetation, area and site configuration. Significant negative correlations of species richness of permanent resident, winter resident, and neotropical guilds with housing density, road density and volume of exotic woody species were found. These same guilds were positively correlated to riparian area, channel density, and total volume of woody species. Linear and quadratic regression equations explained between 40 and 81% of the observed variation in avian guild richness and abundance. Total volume of woody species was the single most important predictor included in regression equations for four of seven community guilds. The impacts of urbanization on native bird diversity may be reduced if emphasis is placed on maintenance of native vegetation and native riparian channels and banks in urbanized riparian areas.
Early Adolescents' Aspirations and Academic Tracking: An Exploratory Investigation

Early adolescents make early career decisions in the form of curriculum choices for high school, and these choices can influence future postsecondary education and career paths. This exploratory study examined relationships between school and demographic variables and 522 eighth graders' choices of high school academic tracks. Analysis of variance and chi-square analyses identified statistically significant relationships between curricular choices and various school and demographic variables. The potential for aspiration gaps and implications for school counselor educational and career planning are discussed.
A comparison of different measures of response strength in the study of stimulus generalization

In Experiment 1, three pigeons were given variable interval training to peck at a light of 550 mμ and then were tested for stimulus generalization in extinction to several different wavelengths. A gradient was obtained for latency of the first response in each test period, for the number of test periods in which responding occurred, and for the measure of response rate. When the response rate gradient was corrected for differences in initial latency and in number of responded trials, the change was minimal, indicating that the major component of response rate as usually measured is rate of responding having once responded. In Experiment 2, three other pigeons were trained to respond to 550 mμ (for variable interval reinforcement) and not to 570 mμ (extinguished). Analysis of generalization gradients dictated the same conclusion as that reported for generalization following single stimulus training.
Exotic circuit elements from zero-modes in hybrid superconductor-quantum-Hall systems

The fractional quantum Hall effect and superconductivity, remarkable phenomena in their own right, can harbour even more exotic physics at their interface. In particular, coupling quantum Hall edges with a superconductor can create emergent excitations known as non-Abelian anyons that trap widely coveted Majorana fermion zero-modes and generalizations thereof. We uncover non-local transport signatures of these zero-modes that not only provide striking experimental signatures of the anyons, but moreover allow one to construct novel circuit elements, including superconducting current and voltage mirrors, fractional charge transistors and flux-based capacitors. Underlying this unusual transport is a phenomenon that we term ‘perfect Andreev conversion’—whereby quasiparticles propagating chirally at the edge reverse their electric charge as a result of hybridization with the zero-modes. Our findings suggest numerous experimental directions in the study of quantum-Hall–superconductor systems hybrids and highlight a fundamentally new application of non-Abelian anyons.
The growth of DyBa2Cu3O7-x on stepped surfaces

Abstract Classical growth models, such as that of Burton, Cabrera and Frank, assume step motion driven by the diffusion of atomic species with the steps acting as sinks. The presence of steps on both reconstructed and unreconstructed surfaces of substrates used for the growth of superconducting films, such as SrTiO 3 , and observations of nucleation along such steps, provide an opportunity to investigate the applicability of growth models, with suitable modifications for higher volume supersaturations encountered in processes such as molecular beam epitaxy. Diffraction information suggests the formation of an unstable phase as a precursor of the 123 phase. Although the kinetics of formation of the 123 phase remains unclear, the presence of the unstable phase suggests that kinetics may be governed by additivity of cation fluxes. Analysis yields a rate of advance of steps of the order of 1nm/s. Island size and misorientation distributions are presented for films of two different thickness. Reasonably good agreement of island sizes is obtained with experiment for ultrathin films of DyBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x with thickness of 40 and 100 A.
Ethnic groups in the United States

Shirley Achor. Mexican Americans in a Dallas Barrio. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1978. xii + 202 pp. $12.50 cloth, $6.95 paper. Thomas Sowell. Ethnic America: A History. New York: Basic Books, 1981. 353 pp. $16.95. Arnulfo D. Trejo, ed. The Chicanos: As We See Ourselves. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1979. $12.50 cloth, $7.50 paper.
The coefficients of the Laurent series expansions of real analytic functions

Letf be a real analytic function of a real variable such that 0 is an isolated (possibly essential) singularity off. In the existing literature the coefficients of the Laurent series expansion off around 0 are obtained by applying Cauchy's integral formula to the analytic continuation off on the complex plane. Here by means of a conformal mapping we derive a formula which determines the Laurent coefficients off solely in terms of the values off and the derivatives off at a real point of analyticity off. Using a more complicated mapping, we similarly determine the coefficients of the Laurent expansion off around 0 where now 0 is a singularity off which is not necessarily isolated.
Ursodeoxycholic acid and taurine as therapy for cholestatic liver disease.

Relatively hydrophobic bile acids have been shown to produce some hepatotoxicity, whereas treatment with a more hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, has improved liver function indices in patients with certain chronic liver diseases. Taurine-conjugated bile acids are more hydrophilic than glycine-conjugated bile acids, and thus, taurine administration has also been suggested for the treatment of chronic hepatitis. To determine if taurine and ursodeoxycholic acid are beneficial and if their effects are additive, this double-blind, randomized trial was conducted to compare the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, and a combination of the two on indices of liver injury in 24 patients with chronic hepatitis. The subjects were assigned at random to two of the four following treatments: ursodeoxycholic acid (600 mg/d), taurine (1.5 g/d), ursodeoxycholic acid plus taurine (600 mg and 1.5 g/d) or placebo, given in two successive cycles of 2 months each, according to a balanced incomplete block design. As expected, ursodeoxycholic acid became the predominant bile acid in bile when administered alone or in combination with taurine, and taurine conjugate concentrations increased during taurine administration. Ursodeoxycholic acid reduced serum aminotransaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities significantly, whereas taurine did not. The effects of taurine and ursodeoxycholic acid were not significantly different from those produced by ursodeoxycholic acid alone. It is concluded that ursodeoxycholic acid, but not taurine, improves biochemical indices of liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis.
A polymer blend approach to fabricating the hole transport layer for polymer light-emitting diodes

This contribution describes an approach to fabricating high-efficiency hole-transport layers (HTLs) for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). HTLs fabricated by this approach have two components: a siloxane-derivatized, crosslinkable, hole-transporting material and a hole-transporting polymer. These HTLs exhibit high transparency, have no corrosive effects on the indium tin oxide anode, and have minimal pixel “cross-talk” potential. PLEDs that are fabricated using these HTLs exhibit superior performance (40% greater maximum current efficiency) versus analogous devices using a conventional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) HTL. Most importantly, this approach has considerable flexibility and can be applied as a general strategy to manipulate energy level alignments in PLEDs.
Congruence of Real and Ideal Job Characteristics: A Focus on Sex, Parenthood Status, and Extrinsic Characteristics.

Abstract Current theory, conceptualized almost exclusively in terms of the work setting, has assumed that intrinsic job characteristics are most relevant for workers' job satisfaction. A recent emphasis, however, on the interrelatedness of the nonwork and work domains suggests a need to reevaluate the importance of extrinsic job characteristics in workers' lives. Intrinsic and extrinsic job characteristics were studied in relation to perceived real-ideal job characteristic congruence for a sample of male and female full-time lawyers. In keeping with a focus on nonwork influences, two types of extrinsic characteristic were delineated: those related solely to the job, and those related to the work/parenting intersection. Results indicate that sex differences exist in perceived real-ideal congruence even when variables known to covary with sex in the work setting are controlled. The relevance to perceived real-ideal congruence of extrinsic job characteristics, and especially those related to the work/parenting intersection, appears clear from the results of this study.
Terahertz transmission properties of quasiperiodic and aperiodic aperture arrays

Recent demonstrations have shown that the transmission through a subwavelength aperture in metal film placed in a periodic lattice or an aperiodic structure is significantly increased relative to a bare aperture. Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we analyze the enhanced transmission properties of aperiodic and corresponding random 2D aperture arrays perforated in metallic films, which include quasicrystals and quasicrystal approximates. We demonstrate that the transmission enhancement phenomenon occurs for aperture arrays having discrete Fourier components in the 2D geometrical structure factor. We further show that the phenomenon is valid for a larger class of 2D aperture array designs that can be tailored to exhibit desired resonances and hence is more general. The inherent relationship between various features observed in the measured time-domain electric field, calculated transmission spectra, and the real and reciprocal space representation of the aperture array is discussed in detail. The results are interpreted in terms of Fano-type interference mechanism. The importance of antiresonance features observed in the transmission spectra is also discussed.
Indicators of organizational readiness for clinical information technology/systems innovation : a Delphi study

Abstract The study presented in this article represents the second phase in a multi-phased research program focused on health care organization readiness for clinical information technology/system (IT/S) innovation. The overall purposes of this exploratory study were to: (1) validate the seven IT/S innovation readiness sub-dimensions of a heuristic organizational information technology/systems innovation model (OITIM) developed in phase one of the research program, and (2) identify indicators to assess the validated sub-dimensions. The study was conducted with an expert panel using a two-round modified Delphi technique. In Round #1, panelists supported retention of the OITIMs' seven theoretical IT/S innovation readiness sub-dimensions with an interrater agreement level range of 82–100%. Their sub-dimension importance ratings ranged from 3.27 to 3.72 (1=not important to 4=critically important) with the resources sub-dimension receiving the highest rating of 3.72. Panelists recommended that two sub-dimensions, ‘Staffing and Skills' and ‘Operations', be renamed to ‘End-Users' and ‘Management Structures', respectively, and that one sub-dimension, ‘Administrative Support' be added. In Round #2, panelists identified a total of 316 indicators to assess the eight sub-dimensions. A two-step thematic analysis process was done with these indicators to reduce duplication and overlap. In Step 1, the investigator created ten preliminary theme categories per sub-dimension. In Step 2, a coding team categorized 279 (88%) of the 316 indicators into preliminary sub-dimension themes to create an organizational IT/S innovation readiness assessment taxonomy. This preliminary taxonomy was used to develop an organizational information technology/systems innovation readiness scale that is currently being pilot tested in phase three of the research program.
Intramolecular cyclization of pendant phenylethynyl groups as a route to solvent resistance in polyphenylquinoxalines

Biphenyl-based bisbenzil monomers which contain pendant phenylethynyl groups in the 2,2′-positions were condensed with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine to make polyphenylquinoxalines (PPQs) of high molecular weight. Thermal cure of these polymers at 193°C caused an intramolecular cyclization (IMC) of the phenylethynyl groups to give the rigid 9-phenyldibenzanthracene system in the backbone of the polymer. The initial, uncured polymers formed though films which were soluble in m-cresol and chlorinated solvents, but after thermal cure the films became insoluble in all common organic solvents and acids while maintaining their toughness. DSC scans of the cured materials showed small residual exotherms indicating that after vitrification even the intramolecular rotation required for the IMC reaction became restricted.
Response of Knollenberg light-scattering counters to non-spherical doublet polystyrene latex aerosols

Abstract Doublet particles of polystyrene, polyvinyltoluene and styrene vinyltoluene latex were measured with the Knollenberg CSASP and ASASP light-scattering aerosol counters. These instruments respond to these non-spherical particles as they do spheres of equal volume and refractive index, providing particles have equivalent radii r ⩽ 0.4 μ m. However, their response to larger nonspherical particles having equivalent radii in the range 0.4 μ m ⩽ r ⩽ 1.7 μ m cannot be approximated by that for spheres of equal volume or equal cross-section. For even larger particles with equivalent radii 1.7 μ m ⩽ r ⩽ 4 μ m the CSASP response is about the same as for spheres of equal cross-section and refractive index. The counting efficiency of the CSASP and ASASP instruments was checked by measurement of monodisperse aerosol particles of known concentration. These instruments measure aerosol concentrations correctly to within a factor 2 for near-micrometer sized particles.
The amount of DNA in cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum and their susceptibility to hypoxia

Purkinje cells of the cerebellum are particularly susceptible to hypoxia. In these cells tetraploidy has been demonstrated. Therefore, a link between the susceptibility of cells of the cerebellum to hypoxia and the amount of DNA seems probable.
Modulation doping near Mott-insulator heterojunctions

We argue that interesting strongly correlated two-dimensional electron systems can be created by modulation doping near a heterojunction between Mott insulators. Because the dopant atoms are remote from the carrier system, the electronic system will be weakly disordered. We argue that the competition between different ordered states can be engineered by choosing appropriate values for the dopant density and the setback distance of the doping layer. In particular larger setback distances favor two-dimensional antiferromagnetism over ferromagnetism. We estimate some key properties of modulation-doped Mott-insulator heterojunctions by combining insights from Hartree-Fock theory and dynamical mean-field-theory descriptions and discuss potentially attractive material combinations.
The Effect of Race/Ethnicity on Gestational Weight Gain

Minority women are gaining more weight than recommended during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the risk of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in Hispanic and Black women compared to non-Hispanic women in Colorado. A retrospective cohort study of all birth records from 2007 to 2010 in Colorado was conducted. The primary outcome was GWG, and the exposure was race/ethnicity. Covariates were marital status, education, intensity of prenatal care, age, parity, tobacco use, alcohol use and years in the US. Chi square and multiple logistic regression was performed. 230,698 records were analyzed. Half of the Hispanic and Black women began their pregnancy overweight or obese. Hispanic women had a 0.84 (95 % CI 0.8–0.9) and Black women had a 0.95 (95 % CI 0.9–1.0) risk of excessive GWG than NHW women. Pre-pregnancy weight is an independent risk for adverse outcomes. The study findings provide healthcare providers focal points in preconception health care and programming.