cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of a 1.2 kV GaN-based MOS vertical transistor for single chip normally off operation

We report a novel design to achieve normally off, high voltage power switch using an “all-GaN” vertical MOS-gate transistor (MOSVFET). In this structure, two MOS gates were formed vertically on the sidewalls of the pillar, whose opposite ends were connected to the source and drain of the device. The design space and associated performance based on 2D drift-diffusion model is discussed highlighting the trade-off between blocking voltage (Vbl), on resistance (Ron), and threshold voltage (Vth). An optimized device structure was proposed with more than 1.2 kV blocking capability and normally off behavior. With proper design of the drift region thickness and doping, the corresponding Ron was as low as 2.8 mΩ cm2. The role of key parameters such as bulk GaN mobility, channel mobility, gate to gate distance (Lgtg) and gate length (Lg) on the Ron, Vbl, leakage current, and Vth were also examined. The effect of mobility on the device performance and the role of the bulk GaN material was analyzed utilizing the model to create a comprehensive design space for achieving low-loss switching.
Dislocations and fracture-dislocations at the carpometacarpal joints of the fingers.

SUMMARY A variety of injuries can occur to the medial four CMC joints. Chronic problems are best avoided by a combination of attentive diagnostic evaluation, appreciation of unstable injury patterns, and prompt fixation either by percutaneous pinning or open reduction and internal fixation.
Relations Between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempt Characteristics in a Sample of Recent Suicide Attempters.

Abstract. Background: Although nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is known to be associated with increased risk of death by suicide and suicide attempts, minimal research has focused on comparing recent suicide attempters with and without NSSI on suicide attempt characteristics (frequency and severity of suicide attempts). Understanding how NSSI impacts suicide attempt characteristics can help providers to enhance their assessment and treatment strategies so as to prevent future suicidal behaviors. Aims: The present study investigated the extent to which a history of NSSI was related to the frequency and severity of suicide attempts in a sample of recent suicide attempters. Method: Participants included 171 adult patients who presented to the hospital within 24 hr of a suicide attempt. Information about their suicide attempts and NSSI was gathered using self-report questionnaires and interviews. Results: Suicide attempters with a history of NSSI reported significantly more suicide attempts and more suicide at...
Authenticity in Chinese Minority Popular Music: A Case Study of Shanren, a Multi-Ethnic Indie Band

This paper focuses on the ethnic minority indie music band, Shanren, which presents a representative example of such musicians and their association with authenticity and culture in modern China. Ethnic minority indie bands are interested in shaping their own identity in contrast to the officially promoted minority music scene found in mainstream media. Shanren, as an example, seeks to represent themselves as connected with “nature and reality,” instead of being motivated by modern trends in music and culture. They achieve a sense of authenticity through visual (instruments, movements, clothing and album cover art) and aural (vocal and instrument timbre, music structure and lyric) production associated with the social aspects of ethnic minority life, especially the migrant workers’ life, represented in their songs.
Science and innovation policies for Donald Trump.

Daniel Sarewitz says the new US president will need to promote creative science to benefit the disaffected millions who voted for him.
Low-k Dielectrics at IBM

Innovations at the frontiers of technology carry enormous risk of making wrong choices. This case examines a decision made by IBM in its semiconductor process technology strategy: a material to use as a dielectric insulator in its leading edge silicon chip technology. While at the time of the decision it looked like a good choice, subsequent issues with material properties caused the company to have to switch to an alternative. Though a major disruption, the company was able to recover relatively quickly. The case probes the organizational capabilities and problem solving approaches that enabled that recovery. Missteps when making huge bets at the forefront of scientific innovation are increasingly costly, and the company in effect purchases real options for its R&D strategy by allowing a measured level of concurrent investment in competing alternatives.
Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of N-Aryl Alkynamides for the Synthesis of 2-Quinolinones

A mild method for the synthesis of 2-quinolinones via hydroarylation of N-aryl alkynamides is reported. While traditional methods have relied on the use of strong Bronsted or Lewis acids, this report describes the development of mild reaction conditions that yield 2-quinolinones in good to excellent yield using a commercially available gold catalyst. Substrates bearing a variety of functional groups are presented, with N-substitution proving to be key to the reactivity of several substrates.
Compartment Syndromes (Acute & Chronic)

Compartment syndrome of the lower leg or foot is usually seen in the setting of high-energy trauma. However, chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is most frequently seen in athletes. The diagnosis is largely based on clinical examination, and the most sensitive clinical symptom of compartment syndrome is severe pain. Intracompartmental pressure measurements can be obtained to confirm diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is made, immediate fasciotomy of all involved compartments is required. Fasciotomy of the lower leg can be performed by one lateral incision or by medial and lateral incisions. Endoscopic fasciotomy is also described in cases of CECS. Foot compartment syndrome requires thorough examination of all compartments with special focus on the calcaneal compartment. Depending on the injury, clinical examination, and compartment pressure, fasciotomy is recommended via a dorsal and/or medial plantar approach. Surgical intervention does not eliminate the risk of developing nerve and muscle dysfunction. If left untreated, poor outcomes characterized by sensory deficits, weakness, paralysis, contractures, and toe deformities can be expected.
Stem cells and necrotizing enterocolitis: A direct comparison of the efficacy of multiple types of stem cells.

Abstract Purpose Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of gastrointestinal morbidity and mortality in premature infants. While studies have shown potential for stem cell (SC) therapy in experimental NEC, no study has compared different SC side-by-side. Our purpose was to determine whether one type of SC may more effectively treat NEC than others. Methods Four SC were compared: (1) amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal SC (AF-MSC); (2) amniotic fluid-derived neural SC (AF-NSC); (3) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal SC (BM-MSC); and (4) neonatal enteric neural SC (E-NSC). Using an established rat model of NEC, pups delivered prematurely received an intraperitoneal injection of SC. Control pups were injected with PBS. Additional controls were breast-fed by surrogates and not subjected to experimental NEC. Intestinal tissue was graded histologically. Results NEC incidence was: PBS, 61.3%; breast-fed unstressed, 0%; AF-MSC, 19.1%; BM-MSC, 22.9%; AF-NSC, 18.9%; E-NSC 22.2%. All groups demonstrated statistical significance ( p Conclusion All four SC groups reduced the incidence and severity of experimental NEC equivalently. AF-MSC may be preferable because of availability of AF at delivery and ease of expansion, increasing potential for clinical translation. Level of Evidence V (Animal study).
The "calm, inquisitive" coach versus the "intense, hustle" coach: Implications for athletes' personal development through sport

Athletes’ intrapersonal regulation of emotions has maintained a dominant focus in the sport-emotion literature; yet, coaches’ emotions may also influence athlete outcomes (Friesen et al., 2013). Thus, the objective of this investigation was to explore the relationship between coaches’ emotions and athletes’ psychosocial development. Male head coaches (N = 9) and their respective female adolescent competitive club soccer athletes (N = 153, Mage = 14.54) were recruited from southeastern Ontario. For each team, coach-athlete interactions were audio and video recorded during two training sessions. Additionally, athletes completed questionnaires assessing the 4 Cs of Positive Youth Development (Vierimaa, Erickson, Cote, & Gilbert, 2012). The Assessment of Coach Emotions (ACE) systematic observation instrument (Allan, Turnnidge, Vierimaa, Davis, & Cote, 2014) was employed for the coding of all video-recorded data. Cluster analyses based on the proportional frequencies of observed emotion-behaviour combinations revealed the presence of two distinct groups: “calm, inquisitive” coaches (n = 6) and “intense, hustle” coaches (n = 3). No significant effects of group membership were found for Confidence, Competence, or Connection to the coach; however, using Pillai’s trace, there was a significant effect of group membership on Character, V = .110, F(2, 131) = 8.097, p < .001. Separate one-way ANOVAs revealed a significant effect of coach group on athletes’ prosocial behaviours, F(1, 132) = 6.067, p = .015, and antisocial behaviours, F(1, 71.193) = 4.985, p = .029. More specifically, athletes of “calm, inquisitive” coaches scored significantly higher on ratings of prosocial behaviours, t(132) = 2.463, p = .015, and lower on ratings of antisocial behaviours, t(71.193) = -2.233, p = .029, than athletes of “intense, hustle” coaches. Despite the comparable success of all coaches in facilitating 3 of the 4 Cs, emotional qualities of coaches’ behaviours appear to have a distinct influence on Character development of young athletes.
The effect of Ho3+ doping on 13C dynamic nuclear polarization at 5 T

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization was introduced in 2003 as a method for producing hyperpolarized 13C solutions suitable for metabolic imaging. The signal to noise ratio for the imaging experiment depends on the maximum polarization achieved in the solid state. Hence, optimization of the DNP conditions is essential. To acquire maximum polarization many parameters related to sample preparation can be modulated. Recently, it was demonstrated that Ho3+, Dy3+, Tb3+, and Gd3+ complexes enhance the polarization at 1.2 K and 3.35 T when using the trityl radical as the primary paramagnetic center. Here, we have investigated the influence of Ho-DOTA on 13C solid state DNP at 1.2 K and 5 T. We have performed 13C DNP on [1-13C] sodium acetate in 1 : 1 (v/v) water/glycerol with 15 mM trityl OX063 radicals in the presence of a series of Ho-DOTA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 mM). We have found that adding a small amount of Ho-DOTA in the sample preparation not only enhances the 13C polarization but also decreases the buildup time. The optimum Ho-DOTA concentration was 2 mM. In addition, the microwave sweep spectrum changes character in a manner that suggests both the cross effect and thermal mixing are active mechanisms for trityl radical at 5 T and 1.2 K.
An exploratory study of how destination marketing organizations pursue the sports tourism market

In recent years, destination marketing organizations (DMOs) have taken advantage of the opportunities that sports tourism offers their communities. Although researchers acknowledge the important role played by DMOs in pursuing the sports tourism market, little is known about how they actually do so. This study is an exploratory attempt to identify specifically what actions DMOs have taken to seize these emerging opportunities. Using a five-step analytic approach in interviews with DMO officials, four groups of dominant themes that DMOs considered in their pursuit of the sports market were identified. Each of these themes is discussed and their implications for practice and future research are considered.
Digital Holographic Microscopy for Remote Life Detection

The presence of oceans on the outer solar system moons Europa and Enceladus poses the question of whether microbial life might be present on those bodies. One approach to answering that question could be a very compact, lightweight and robust microscope that is capable of rapidly imaging the contents of a 3-dimensional sample volume. To this end, we have been developing deployable digital holographic microscopes, which can also be used in the short term for terrestrial field work. A very stable “common-mode” microscope, in which two adjacent beams share several optics, has shown very good imaging performance, and has been deployed successfully to several field sites, including Greenland and Alaska. A more compact approach is our version of the lensless digital holographic microscope, which uses gradient index rod lenses to produce a pair of high numerical-aperture input beams. Sub-micron resolution has been obtained with both systems, and further performance improvements are possible.
The past and present of the intelligentsia

This old Russian saying represents one of the many meanings of "intelligentsia", current in Russia around the turn of the century. Al though the notion of'intelligentsia' was born in Russia a hundred years ago11, no exact or satisfactory definition of it has yet been given. Many efforts have been made, beginning with theology and ending in Marxism, but the frantic development of Russian history has confuted all definitions. This might lead one to believe that there is no such thing as an intelligentsia, that it is a theoretical paradox of a half-baked theory, or that it is one of the numerous myths that are typical of Russian social life. However, in real life tens of thousands of people calling themselves 'intelligentsia' in very different social situations and with completely different political views and cultural niveau have had a definite influence on the political life of Russia. If our analysis of Russian history does not take account of this factor, we will have a very distorted view of Russian political life. The many efforts to define the notion of 'Intelligentisa' made within the most diverse theories show that as of the middle of the last century all theoreticians felt that any account of the social life of Russia would be incomplete and inaccurate if it did not come to grips with the existence and influence of the intelligentsia. Despite the oppositions between such theories, determining the defini tion of the notion of 'intelligentsia', the set of features always has something common which, although not clearly expressed, is presupposed. This common element is the fact that all features can be divided into two groups: those defining the intelligentsia as a social group with all the requisite social functions, and those designating it as the bearer of a clearly expressed culture. The culture in question is usually Western culture or similar thereto, even when the bearers of this culture are populists or Slavophiles, declaiming their anti-Western political positions in the language of West ern-European philosophy and sociology.
Abstract 5203: Bitter melon extract modulates immune signaling in prevention of tobacco associated carcinogen induced oral carcinogenesis

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a complex malignancy and tobacco habit is one of the main etiological factors. Our previous study showed potential chemopreventive effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract (BME) in different pre-clinical cancer models like head and neck, breast, prostate. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanism of BME in prevention of carcinogen induced in-vivo oral carcinogenesis. For this purpose, we induced oral cancer in immunocompetent mice by using tobacco associated carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), and treated with BME through their drinking water. We observed that BME feeding significantly reduced the incidence of 4-NQO induced oral cancer. Histological analysis showed moderate dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 4NQO treated mice tongue, whereas no remarkable changes were seen in the BME-fed mice. RNA-seq data showed differential expression of several genes during carcinogenesis and during prevention of the cancer. We previously showed that BME treatment decreases the infiltrating regulatory T (Treg) cells by inhibiting FoxP3+ populations in the tumors and in spleens, suggesting an immunomodulatory role of BME in prevention. Here, we observed elevated expression of pro-inflammatory genes s100a9, IL23a, IL-1β and immune check point gene PDCD1/PD1 of the pathway, during oral cancer development. Interestingly, BME treatment significantly reduced the expression of these molecules. Subsequently, we observed the enhancement of MMP9 during carcinogenesis, which was reduced in BME-fed mouse tongue tissues. Taken together, our observation strongly demonstrated a chemopreventive effect of BME on carcinogen induced oral cancer. Citation Format: Subhayan Sur, Robert Steele, Ratna B. Ray. Bitter melon extract modulates immune signaling in prevention of tobacco associated carcinogen induced oral carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203.
Outcomes of Nasal Septal Perforation Repair Using Combined Temporoparietal Fascia Graft and Polydioxanone Plate Construct

ImportanceNumerous techniques are used for septal perforation repair, yet success rates remain variable. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interposition grafts of polydioxanone plates...
Management of pseudohypoparathyroidism

Purpose of reviewThis review is timely given the 2018 publication of the first international Consensus Statement for the diagnosis and management of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and related disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide the knowledge needed to recognize and manage PHP1A, pseu
Cholecystohepatic Duct: A Biliary Duct Variant Resulting in Postcholecystectomy Bile Leak—Case Report and Review of Normal and Common Variant Biliary Anatomy

Although relatively infrequent, bile duct leaks are among the primary complications of hepatobiliary surgery and cholecystectomy given the large number of these operations performed annually around the world. Variant biliary anatomy increases the risk of surgical complications, especially if unrecognized on preoperative imaging or intraoperatively. Presented here is a case of a patient with an unrecognized cholecystohepatic duct at the time of surgery leading to bile leak after cholecystectomy. Numerous factors made for a technically difficult surgery with obscuration of the true anatomy, ultimately resulting in transection of the cholecystohepatic duct. Understanding normal and variant biliary anatomy will help prevent avoidable complications of hepatobiliary surgery.
The Relationship between Beach Grain Size and Intertidal Beach Face Slope

ABSTRACT McFall, B.C., 2019. The relationship between beach grain size and intertidal beach face slope. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(5), 1080–1086. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The r...
A G1 Sizer Coordinates Growth and Division in the Mouse Epidermis

Summary Cell size homeostasis is often achieved by coupling cell-cycle progression to cell growth. Growth has been shown to drive cell-cycle progression in bacteria and yeast through “sizers,” wherein cells of varying birth size divide at similar final sizes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], and “adders,” wherein cells increase in size a fixed amount per cell cycle [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Intermediate control phenomena are also observed, and even the same organism can exhibit different control phenomena depending on growth conditions [ 2 , 7 , 8 ]. Although studying unicellular organisms in laboratory conditions may give insight into their growth control in the wild, this is less apparent for studies of mammalian cells growing outside the organism. Sizers, adders, and intermediate phenomena have been observed in vitro [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], but it is unclear how this relates to mammalian cell proliferation in vivo. To address this question, we analyzed time-lapse images of the mouse epidermis taken over 1 week during normal tissue turnover [ 13 ]. We quantified the 3D volume growth and cell-cycle progression of single cells within the mouse skin. In dividing epidermal stem cells, we found that cell growth is coupled to division through a sizer operating largely in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, although the majority of tissue culture studies have identified adders, our analysis demonstrates that sizers are important in vivo and highlights the need to determine their underlying molecular origin.
The balance that sustains benedictines: family entrepreneurship across generations

The heart of family business and family entrepreneurship is the family. Challenging our current understanding of what constitutes a family is important to advance the emerging field of family entre...
Simulating effects of hook-size regulations on recreational harvest efficiency in the northern Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery

Abstract Recreational fishers discard millions of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) annually in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM), resulting in significant foregone yield. We conducted simulation modeling to evaluate the potential for hook-size regulations to improve efficiency in the recreational red snapper fishery. First, we imposed a suite of candidate parameter sets, informed by recent empirical studies, within the 2015 red snapper assessment model to estimate contact-selectivity of recreational fleets in the northeastern or northwestern GOM. We then evaluated potential hook-size regulations by imposing a suite of candidate parameter sets on future contact-selectivity of each recreational fleet, conditional on likelihood-based estimates from the first simulation exercise. In the assessment model, maximum likelihood values improved when strongly domed contact-selectivity curves with peak size approximating the current minimum length limit were imposed in either the eastern or western recreational fleet. Simulation results indicate mandating large hook sizes could modestly increase retained catch for the eastern recreational fleet while dramatically reducing the number of red snapper discarded by either fleet. Realized benefits of hook-size regulations will depend upon future fisher retention behavior, such as the intensity of live high-grading, discard mortality reduction practices, such as venting and the use of descender devices, and changes to current management regulations.
RECIPES FOR ADULT LEARNING: INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING NEUROIMAGING TO GERIATRIC TRAINEES

Abstract This session will introduce a mosaic of teaching strategies that utilize adult learning principles and allow for collaborativelearning in neuroimaging foundations and applications, disciplines often undertaught in clinical psychiatry training. To open, there will be a brief session introducing the concept of adult learning, the course, and syllabus (10 mins). We will present data collected from our current cohort of trainees and lessons learned along the way (20 mins). The audience will then break into small working groups and will use the tools introduced in the session to prepare a class about neuroimaging (30 mins). There will be a 30 minute-long large group discussion about the projects created. Learners will leave with ideas on how to approach constructing a neuroimaging curriculum.
When professor guilt and mom guilt collide: pandemic pedagogy from a precarious place

“Hey!” I yell from the home office, “I’m going to record a lecture, so I need everyone to be quiet.” “Gotcha, honey!” my husband, Ben, yells from the family room located on the other side of the ho...
Nitrogen Removal via Denitrification in Two Small Reservoirs in Central Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Aquatic ecosystems with long hydraulic residence times (e.g., wetlands and reservoirs) can be important nitrogen (N) sinks via denitrification. The objective of this study was to examine denitrification rates of two small reservoirs (Springville and McDill) in central Wisconsin. Sediments, water chemistry, and discharge data were collected once per month between May and September of 2014 to achieve these objectives. Denitrification rates and microbial biomass carbon were not different between Springville and McDill; however, organic matter was significantly higher in McDill. Average denitrification rates were low at both sites, but ranged widely in Springville (0–23.72 mg N m–2 h–1) and less so in McDill (0.32–12.16 23 mg N m–2 h–1). Low denitrification rates in Springville may be the result of several locations being organic matter limited, whereas the McDill site was likely nitrate limited. Results from this study suggest reservoirs in central Wisconsin that are groundwater fed with sandy substrate have the potential to be nitrate sinks, but variation in the landscape (e.g. land use) and within each reservoir is influencing the magnitude of realized denitrification capabilities.
Two year follow up of supercapsular percutaneously assisted total hip arthroplasty

Dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has an incidence of 2–3%. Approximately 77% of dislocations occur within the first year after surgery. The SuperPATH technique is a minimally invasive approach for THA that preserves soft tissue attachments. The purpose of this study is to describe the dislocation rate at 1 year after SuperPATH primary THA. All elective primary THAs performed by the senior author using the SuperPATH approach. Exclusion criteria were acute femoral neck fracture, revision surgery, or malignancy. There were 214 of 279 eligible patients available for telephone interviews (76.7%). Medical records were reviewed for secondary outcomes including early and late complications, cup positioning, distance ambulated on postoperative day one, discharge destination, and blood transfusions. Mean age at surgery was 64 ± 10.8 years and mean time to telephone follow up was 773 ± 269.7 days. There were 104 female and 110 male patients. There were zero dislocations reported. Blood transfusions were performed in 3.7% of patients, and 75.7% were discharged to home at an average of 2.3 ± 1.0 days. Cup position averaged 43.6 ± 5.2° abduction and 20.9 ± 6.2° anteversion, with an average leg length discrepancy of 3.6 ± 3.32 mm. Complications included three intraoperative calcar fractures, one periprosthetic femur fracture, one early femoral revision, three superficial infections, and one instance of wound necrosis. SuperPATH approach is safe for use in primary THA resulting in a low dislocation rate.
Bremsstrahlung produced by 5 keV electrons incident on BeO and NaCl

Abstract Experiments have been performed to study the bremsstrahlung from 5 keV electrons incident on BeO and NaCl targets. The main objectives of the study were to compare the experimental results to those produced using pyPENELOPE (which is based on the main program of the Monte Carlo code, PENELOPE) in order to examine the accuracy of the code’s implementation of the additivity approximation and its predictions for experiments involving insulating targets. Comparisons of experimental results to results produced using pyPENELOPE were made both for situations where surface-charging effects were significant and for situations where the insulating targets’ surfaces were continuously neutralized. The results suggest that the PENELOPE code’s main program, PENEPMA, does not simulate charging effects. Instead, it accurately simulates bremsstrahlung produced by low-energy electrons incident on insulating targets for situations where surface-charging is not significant. The results also support the validity of the additivity approximation, as incorporated into PENELOPE.
Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry

Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry , Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
A Scalable Architecture for Countering Network-Centric Insider Threats

Dealing with the insider threat in networked en- vironments poses many challenges. Privileged users have great power over the systems they own in organizations. To mitigate the potential threat posed by insiders, we introduced in previous work a preliminary architecture for the Autonomic Violation Prevention System (AVPS), which is designed to self-protect applications from disgruntled privileged users via the network. This paper extends the architecture of the AVPS so that it can provide scalable protection in production environments. We conducted a series of experiments to asses the performance of the AVPS system on three different application environments: FTP, database, and Web servers. Our experimental results indicate that the AVPS introduces a very low overhead despite the fact that it is deployed in-line. We also developed an analytic queuing model to analyze the scalability of the AVPS framework as a function of the workload intensity.
Case 11: Blocked Intravenous Line During Rapid-Sequence Induction

An 8-year-old, previously healthy boy (30 kg) is scheduled for an emergency appendectomy. The patient is taken to the operating room. An intravenous (IV) line (20-gauge) in the antecubital fossa has already been started in the emergency room and is working fine. Routine monitoring equipment is placed on the child (electrocardiogram [ECG], pulse oximeter, noninvasive blood pressure [BP], and precordial stethoscope). General anesthesia is induced with thiopental (100 mg) followed by rocuronium (20 mg) with cricoid pressure. Precipitation is noted in the IV tubing. The precipitation is so severe that the IV is completely occluded. The patient is asleep, but no effect of neuromuscular relaxation, as per nerve stimulator, is seen after 90 s. You attempt laryngoscopy but fail to see the epiglottis because the child is moving his head and upper limbs. Vital signs remain stable.
The influence of a response format test accommodation for college students with and without disabilities

Standardised and other multiple-choice examinations often require the use of an answer sheet with fill-in bubbles (i.e. ‘bubble’ or Scantron sheet). Students with disabilities causing impairments in attention, learning and/or visual-motor skill may have difficulties with multiple-choice examinations that employ such a response style. Such students may request and receive testing accommodations that intend to mitigate these impairments, such as circling responses in a test booklet, which contains both the questions and corresponding multiple-choice answers. The current study evaluated this test accommodation as compared to using a bubble sheet or Scantron on a multiple-choice vocabulary test. College students with (n = 25) and without (n = 76) disabilities completed a vocabulary test under both booklet (accommodated) and bubble sheet (standard) conditions. Results demonstrated that answering in a test booklet, a much preferred response mode, allowed students to attempt significantly more items than using a...
Panel: teaching undergraduate information assurance

It is rare to find computer security course offerings at most academic institutions today. There are exceptions, of course, and some institutions are offering concentrations in this area of study. Such courses are found at NSA Centers of Academic Excellence and in some cases, degree programs in IA topics are being implemented or proposed. While NSA certifies COE/IAE’s based on published criteria — there is no established program of study and each institution approaches the topic in their own way. At Mississippi State University, we believe that IA is properly placed within our Software Engineering research area and that it is best taught by integrating it into existing courses in our Software Engineering degree and our Computer Science degree programs. We also believe that by doing so, it better prepares the student for a dedicated IA course during their senior year of study.
A heuristic programming study of theory formation in science

The Meta-DENDRAL program is a vehicle for studying problems of theory formation in science. The general strategy of Meta-DENDRAL is to reason from data to plausible generalizations and then to organize the generalizations into a unified theory. Three main subprobleras are discussed: (1) explain the experimental data for each individual chemical structure, (2) generalize the results from each structure to all structures, and (3) organize the generalizations into a unified theory. The program is built upon the concepts and programmed routines already available in the Heuristic DENDRAL performance program, but goes beyond the performance program in attempting to formulate the theory which the performance program will use.
Interaction of Combat Exposure and Unit Cohesion in Predicting Suicide-Related Ideation among Post-Deployment Soldiers.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among U.S. Army soldiers. Suicide-related ideation, which is associated with suicide attempts and suicide, can cause considerable distress. In a sample of 1,663 recently redeployed soldiers, we used factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the associations between combat exposure, unit cohesion, and their interaction in predicting suicide-related ideation. We found that combat exposure was a significant risk factor for suicide-related ideation, while unit cohesion was a significant protective factor. The significant interaction between the two factors indicated that soldiers who experienced greater combat exposure but also had higher levels of unit cohesion had relatively lower levels of suicide-related ideation. In addition, those who had higher levels of combat exposure and lower unit cohesion were most at risk for suicide-related ideation. Our findings indicate the importance of unit cohesion in protecting soldiers from suicide-related ideation and suggest a higher risk group of soldiers who should be targeted for interventions.
The Effect of Composition of Selected Groundwaters from the Basin and Range Province on Plutonium, Neptunium, and Americium Speciation

The speciation of plutonium, neptunium, and americium was determined in groundwaters from four sources in the Basin and Range Province: the lower carbonate aquifer, Nevada Test Site (NTS) (Crystal Pool); alluvial fill, Frenchman Flat, NTS (well 5C); Hualapai Valley, Arizona (Red Lake south well); and Tularosa Basin, New Mexico (Rentfrow well). Plutonium generally was most soluble in Rentfrow and well 5C waters and was present primarily in the higher oxidation states in these waters. Solubility was lowest in Crystal Pool water, apparently because this water was capable of reducing plutonium to relatively insoluble Pu(IV). In general, plutonium was comparatively insoluble in Red Lake south well water, but results were somewhat more variable. The behavior of neptunium paralleled that of plutonium, although the influence of oxidation-reduction properties of the groundwaters appeared to be less pronounced. The americium results were different from those of plutonium and neptunium, as would be expected from its existence in these waters solely as the trivalent ion. In general, it was relatively soluble in all waters at 25/sup 0/C, and relatively insoluble at 90/sup 0/C. The results were interpreted to indicate that plutonium and, to a lesser extent, neptunium are least soluble in reducing groundwaters containing amore » large concentration of sulfate ion and a small concentration of strongly complexing anions. The results further emphasize the desirability of including studies such as this among the other site-selection criteria for nuclear waste repositories.« less
Volatizidad de los tipos de cambio y contratos traslapados

Under staggered wage setting, nominal exchange rate volatility results from monetary policies "too" accommodative to labor shocks. Volatility in the real rate of exchange, however, is exacerbated by government attempts to stabilize nominal prices. Consequ
Software Model Checking with Spin

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the theoretical foundation and the practical application of logic model checking techniques for the verification of multi-threaded software (rather than hardware) systems. The treatment is focused on the logic model checker Spin , which was designed for this specific domain of application. Spin implements an automata-theoretic method of verification. Although the tool has been available for over 15 years, it continues to evolve, adopting new optimization strategies from time to time to help it tackle larger verification problems. This chapter explains how the tool works, and which types of software verification problems it is designed to handle.
Scalable implementations of multipole-accelerated algorithms for molecular dynamics

We consider efficient, scalable solutions to the long-range force computation problem in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Straightforward implementation of a solver for the time-consuming Coulomb force yields O(N/sup 2/) runtime for N atoms in a system; this quadratic complexity limits the size of systems that can be simulated. Exclusion of interactions beyond a certain cutoff radius reduces runtime but also negatively impacts simulation accuracy. By using algorithms based on the multipole expansion of the potential due to groups of charged particles, the work permits high-accuracy simulations which include all pair interactions (i.e. no truncation) at a runtime cost which grows linearly with the size of the system. The algorithms are parallelizable on a range of platforms; we concentrate on the Kendall Square KSR-1. We present results from four variants of the multipole-accelerated algorithms on systems of up to a million particles on up to 32 processors. >
Critical-care medicine and the acute-care laboratory

Critical-care medicine today is practiced by anesthesiologists, internists, pediatricians, and surgeons. Outcome from today's management of critically ill patients is very good, yet associated costs are very high. Over one-half of the hospital costs of critically ill patients emanates from the intensive-care unit (ICU), although the ICU stay accounts for less than 20% of their time in the hospital. Outside of the operating room, the ICU is the most expensive location for patient care in the hospital, and laboratory tests are the most expensive single item. Plans for cost containment should incorporate the following: more effective data management, education of practitioners about appropriateness and costs of tests, conversion from laboratory measurements to appropriate in vivo and ex vivo measurements, and real-time utilization assessment. To provide high-quality, cost-effective critical care in the future, laboratorians and clinicians must work together today to meet the challenges of technology, data management, and staff education.
An Empirical Test of the Meiotic Drive Models of Hybrid Sterility: Sex-Ratio Data from Hybrids between Drosophila Simulans and Drosophila Sechellia

Recently, there has been much discussion regarding the hypothesis that divergence of meiotic drive systems in isolated populations can generate the patterns of reproductive isolation observed in animal hybridizations. One prediction from this hypothesis is that the sex ratio of hybrids with heterospecific sex chromosomes should greatly deviate from the Mendelian expectation of 50% female. From sex-ratio data in our Drosophila hybridization studies, we find no such deviation: the sex ratio of offspring of males with introgressed heterospecific Y chromosomes with various autosomal backgrounds does not differ from that of the pure species. We also discuss other aspects of the current meiotic drive models.
Filter washing, a simple means of reducing blank values and variability in trace metal environmental samples

Abstract Acid‐washing Whatman 41 or 0.45 μm pore size Nuclepore filters resulted in substantial reduction of the trace metal contents and variability in both types of filters for most of the metals examined. No changes in the air flow rate or retention properties of the Whatman 41 filters were observed to occur as a result of this procedure. The advantages of the lower trace metal blank concentrations and uncertainties resulting from this procedure were discussed with reference to the collection of extremely low level trace metal environmental samples.
Strategy for laser guide star operations without human aircraft spotters

Observatories using laser guide star (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) systems need to implement safety systems to protect aircraft from being illuminated by the lasers. These systems are made up of a combination of control measures and procedures. In the USA the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for protecting aircraft and issues a determination of no-objection to the use of lasers in the navigable airspace before operations can begin. To date, the FAA has required all observatories with LGS systems to use human aircraft spotters as part of the aircraft safety system. This paper discusses how we might go about developing an automated alternative that is more reliable and less expensive than using spotters and is also acceptable to the FAA. Specific challenges are identified and discussed. These challenges include understanding the FAA perspective on issues related to aircraft safety and lasers, understanding the FAA evaluation and approval process for specific control measures, safety systems and operational procedures, working with appropriate standards committees to develop requirements and performance validation plans which lead to quantifiable confidence. We would also like to solicit collaboration from within the Mauna Kea astronomy community and also the broader astronomical community.
Estimation of aboveground forest carbon flux in Oregon: adding components of change to stock-difference assessments

A substantial portion of the carbon (C) emitted by human activity is apparently being stored in forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere, but the magnitude and cause are not precisely understood. Current official estimates of forest C flux are based on a combination of field measurements and other methods. The goal of this study was to improve on existing methods by directly tracking components of change in tree C across a large region using field measurements. We used repeated Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) measurements on permanent plots to quantify aboveground live tree C flux over an 11-year period due to land-use change, disturbance, and harvest, on 1,073 plots across 5.96 million ha of nonfederal forestland in Oregon. Land-use change resulted in a 110,000 ha (1.9%) net increase of forestland between 1986 and 1997. However, there was a net loss of 3.4 Tg of live tree C due to land-use change because the forestland lost was more productive than that gained. Live woody C decreased significantly in eastern Oregon (14.4 Tg), with mortality and harvest exceeding growth, primarily due to severe defoliation by western spruce budworm. However, C stores increased significantly in western Oregon (19.2 Tg) due primarily to large accumulations from growth on nonfederal public lands. We demonstrate that C accounting that uses remeasured probabilistic field sample data can produce detailed estimates of C flux that identify causes and components of change and produce more consistent estimates than alternative approaches.
Relocation during incubation of endothelial nuclei in the chick chorioallantois

Abstract Early in incubation the nuclei of the chick chorioallantoic capillaries are randomly distributed around the capillary lumen; later most of them are located on the portion of the capillary surface opposite the inner shell membrane. This is one of the complex of processes that results in progressive thinning of the diffusion pathway for gases between the external environment and the blood of the embryo. The present study quantified this nuclear “relocation”. Our data show a progressive relocation of the endothelial nuclei from the tenth through the sixteenth day at an average rate of 6% per day.
Fatigue crack growth analysis in PEEK

Abstract Experimental results on fatigue crack propagation in polyether-etherketone (PEEK) under different load levels, specimen thicknesses, and environmental temperatures reported in Refs 1, 2 are analysed. Energy release rates evaluated from load displacement curves in the ‘ductile’ phase of crack growth are nearly equal to J1 = σyδ (where σy is the yield stress of the material and δ is the crack tip opening displacement). Thus the material around the crack tip behaves as an elastic-perfectly plastic material under plane stress. When the kinetic data are plotted against J1 the crack speed is practically independent of the load level, specimen thickness, and of environmental temperatures up to 75 °C. Both cycle- and time-dependent crack growth are observed when the environmental temperature is 100 °C. The effects of stress rate are investigated by keeping the stress levels of the fatigue cycle the same and changing the frequency. Values of the stress rate σ dot are obtained from the formula σ dot = 2ν (σmax − σmin), where ν is the frequency and σmax, σmin are the maximum and minimum stresses of the fatigue cycle. The results show that when the kinetic data are plotted as Δl/Δt against the crack length, an increase in crack speed is observed with stress rate. If the same data are treated as Δl/ΔN against the crack length a decrease in Δl/ΔN with test frequency is seen. Crack growth data under different thicknesses and temperatures are correlated with a power relation and the kinetic equation of a crack layer. The present analysis indicates that both a power relation and the kinetic equation of the crack layer model describe well crack growth data under a wide spectrum of loading conditions.
Low Temperature Growth of Type E Clostridium botulinum Spores. 2. Effects of Solutes and Incubation Temperature

SUMMARY— The inhibition of outgrowth of spores of Clostridium botulinum Type E by the addition of different concentrations of various solutes to a trypticase-peptone-sucrose-yeast extract medium (TPSY) was studied at different incubation temperatures. Solutes added to TPSY medium were sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium formate (NaCOOH), potassium chloride (KCI), sucrose and glucose. Incubation was at 30, 21.1, 15.6, 10 and 7.2°C, and growth was confirmed by mouse toxin assay. The effect of the solutes on the equilibrium relative humidities (ERHI of the various media was measured using the graphical interpolation method and expressed as water activity (aw). The possibility of an osmotic effect was also investigated. The molar (M) concentrations and osmotic pressures of the different solutes were calculated and related to the approximate inhibitory concentrations of 5.0% NaCl (aw 0.975), 6.0% KCI (aw 0.974), 5.5% NeCOOH (aw 0.9711, 38.5% sucrose (aw 0.976) and 22.5%. glucose (aw 0.970). The inhibitory salt concentrations were approximately 0.80 M and produced osmotic pressures of about 36.0 atmospheres. The approximate osmotic pressure of the inhibitory 1.12 and 1.24 M sucrose and glucose solutions were 25.08 and 27.97 atmospheres respectively. Growth response decreased as the incubation temperature decreased as measured by delayed outgrowth times and in decreased amount of cellular material produced by the Type E strains tested.
QRS changes, pulmonary edema, and myocardial necrosis associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract A 49-year-old Caucasian female without history of cardiovascular diseases presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, severe hypertension, and pulmonary edema. Despite QRS changes of extensive myocardial infarction, postmortem examination revealed normal coronary arteries. Microscopic study showed extensive myocardial necrosis unrelated to vascular pattern and similar to that induced by exogenous catecholamines. The ECG changes and pulmonary edema appear to be the result of a neurohumoral myocarditis with left ventricular damage and failure. Implications for heart transplantation are cited.