cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three new species of Piptocarpha (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) from Ecuador and Peru

Piptocarpha geraldsmithii H. Robinson, P klugii G. Lom. Smith ex H. Robinson, and P. vasquezii H. Robinson are described as new from northern Peru and southern Ecuador. The first relates to an otherwise strictly Guyana Highland group of species, and the third has terminal panicles with uniquely formed urn-shaped heads.
Evidence identification of immersion heater in fire scene

The microcosmic appearance of the resistance wire and characteristics of the immersion heaters' surface component under different states are studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum.Mechanism of the immersion heater transforming under different heat conditions is analyzed,and the method of distinguishing the characteristic in different situation is put forward.Results show that normally used heaters have flat surface,clear stripe,and no attaching is found,while the heating wire is covered with compacted oxides and embedded with dense silica sand in the misused ones,and the medal composites redistribute.The micro-features of heating wire are greatly affected by its active conditions and have no apparent connection to external fire.
ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT CLINIC IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

Objective: To study the current situation of methadone maintenance treatment( MMT) and analyze the problems exiting in MMT,so as to provide scientific basis for making development programs.Methods: The process of MMT clinics was investigated by questionnaire surveys and reviewing the information system of HIV / AIDS comprehensive prevention and control.Results: By the end of June 2012,there had been 18 MMT clinics in Fujian province,7980 patients had been enrolled in 18 clinics in total,and 2438 patients continued doing treatment. The average dosage was 50. 0 mg per day,and urine test positive rate was 24. 7%. There were 42. 5% medical staff left,and 13 clinics of which the numbers of staff did not meet the national requirement. In addition,12 clinics lost money. Conclusion: The rate of patient dropping out was high,and the operation funding of clinic was not enough. Also, the problem of staff instability was serious,family and community participation was not active. It is necessary to reduce the rate of patient dropping out,increase the funding,perfect the multi- sectorial cooperation mechanism,and strengthen comprehensive intervention and family / community education in next step.
Application of Landsat TM images on the snail habitats monitoring in mountainous regions

Objective To monitor snail habitats in mountainous regions using thematic mapper(TM) remote sensing images of Landsat. Methods The topographic map and TM images of Puge County,Sichuan province of China were collected.Then the snail habitats were surveyed in Puge County.Training samples were built by selecting the known ground objects.Supervised classification analysis was applied to classify the TM images,and the classification results were verified via creating a confusion matrix. Results The TM images were classified into snail habitats,rivers,residential districts,shadow and other ground objects.Snail habitats were mainly located in vegetation-covered environments,such as croplands and grassed hillsides.The classification accuracy and reliability of snail habitats were 79.82% and 85.58% respectively,and the overall classification accuracy reached 80.22%. Conclusions Snail habitats can be identified by supervised classification analysis of TM remote sensing images,which is helpful for the surveillance of snail habitats and for the prevention of schistosomiasis in mountainous regions.
Lipogranulomatosis and hypersplenism induced by ruptured silicone breast implants

![Figure][1] A 59-year-old woman was evaluated for a platelet count of 105 × 109/L, splenomegaly, and associated symptoms of fatigue, early satiety, and nausea. She had history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy followed by prophylactic bilateral mastectomy and placement of silicone
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns; meaning and value.

Quantitation of isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase by electrophoresis aids in diagnosis of diseases such as hepatitis and myocardial infarction. For accurate results, knowledge of isoenzyme distribution in various tissues and the half-life of each isoenzyme is important.
Design and rationale of the STRIVE trial to improve cardiometabolic health among children and families.

Abstract Background Many of the health behaviors known to contribute to cardiometabolic risk and disease (CMRD), including physical activity, diet, sleep, and screen time, begin during childhood. Given the population-wide burden of CMRD, novel ways of assessing risk and providing feedback to support behavior change are needed. Purpose This paper describes the design and rationale for the Study for using Technology to Reach Individual Excellence (STRIVE), a randomized controlled trial testing the use of an integrated, closed-loop feedback system that incorporates longitudinal, patient-generated, mobile health technology (mHealth) data on health behaviors and provides clinical recommendations to help manage CMRD among at-risk families. Methods STRIVE is a 6-month trial among 68 children, ages 6–12 year olds with a body mass index ≥ 85th percentile from Massachusetts with at least one parent with CMRD. Data on several health behaviors will be collected daily over 6 months. Children and parents will each wear wristbands that collect objective physical activity, sleep, and screen time data via accelerometry, noise, and infrared detection. Sugar sweetened beverage consumption will be assessed by self-report via a smartphone application. Weight will be collected using a wireless scale. Intervention group parents receive feedback on their child's health behaviors and personalized CMRD counseling via mobile messaging. Control parents receive standard of care recommendations and weekly health behavior reports for self-guided care. Conclusion The STRIVE trial will test the use of mHealth and closed-loop feedback systems to improve health behaviors among families at-risk for or with established CMRD.
Integrating the Website into Marketing Communications: An Empirical Examination of Magazine AD Emphasis of Website Direct Response Opportunities Over Time

The potential value of integrated marketing communications has been recognized as organizations search for better ways to realize the benefits of customer relationship management. The key is to realizing IMC’ potential in this regard is to prompt consumer response, develop a database and to use the information to create individualized messages and/or to establish long term relationships. Providing a website address within an ad makes it possible for consumers to connect an organization and allows the advertiser to supply more information regarding a product or the firm, respond to inquiries, direct consumers to related material, field comments, build databases and the like (Kanso and Nelson, 2004; Schlosser and Kanfer 1999). Given the increasing popularity of the Internet as a marketing medium, our investigation examines whether a trend exists regarding the extent to which marketers actively direct their potential customers to company/brand websites through print advertising. Further, we investigate the utilization of websites within services vs. goods advertising.
The Middle East Survey Course: Challenges and Opportunities

The production and dissemination of knowledge on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has always had a particularly complex relationship vis-a-vis research funding, faculty hiring priorities, course scheduling schemas, and course enrollment numbers. In this essay, I hope to share some observations—that I have experienced firsthand and discussed with a number of colleagues—on teaching an introductory survey course on the history of the modern MENA region. Such reflections are rooted in my own experience of teaching at a public university with no current major research or teaching commitments to the MENA region. While these observations are not unique to the context within which I teach, they might be otherwise inflected in different contexts.
Experimentation for Developing Evidence-Based UI Standards of Mobile Survey Questionnaires

With the growing use of smartphones, many surveys can now be administered using those phones. Such questionnaires are called mobile survey questionnaires. The designer of a mobile survey questionnaire is challenged with presenting text and controls on a small display, while allowing respondents to correctly understand and answer questions with ease. To address this challenge, we are developing an evidence-based framework of user interface design for mobile survey questionnaires. The framework includes two parts: standards for the basic elements of survey-relevant mobile device operation and guidelines for the building blocks of mobile survey questionnaires. In this presentation, we will describe five behavioral experiments designed to collect evidence for developing the standards. These experiments cover visual perception and motor actions relevant to survey completion. Some preliminary results from ongoing data collection are presented.
Implacement and displacement in the light of Confucian thought

In this essay, I will appeal to the vocabulary of the Confucian tradition to try to think through the role of place in situations of teaching and learning, and in the central place it gives to ritualized living. Embodiment of course is a major concern in this exploration. Finally, I will turn to the rhizome as an alternative model of “deep” and “shallow” roots, a model that instead of emphasizing degrees of depth alone, extending outwards and sideways, gives us a paradigm of lateral growth.
The Pareto rule for frequently purchased packaged goods: an empirical generalization

Many markets have historically been dominated by a small number of best-selling products. The Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, describes this common pattern of sales concentration. Several papers have provided empirical evidence to explain the Pareto rule, although with limited data. This article provides a comprehensive empirical investigation on the extent to which the Pareto rule holds for mass-produced and distributed brands in the consumer-packaged goods (CPG) industry. We used a rich consumer panel dataset from A.C. Nielsen with 6 years of purchase histories from over 100,000 households. Our analysis utilizes a large number of potential factors such as brand attributes, category attributes, and consumer purchase behavior to explain variation in the Pareto ratio at the brand level across products. Our main conclusion is that the Pareto principle generally holds across a wide variety of CPG categories with the mean Pareto ratio at the brand level across product categories of .73. Several variables related to consumer purchase behavior (e.g., purchase frequency and purchase expenditure) are found to be positively correlated with the Pareto ratio. In addition, niche brands are more likely to have a higher Pareto ratio. Finally, brand/category size, promotion variables, change-of-pace brands, and market competition variables are negatively correlated with the Pareto ratio.
The nitric oxide donor SNAP enhances breast cancer cell growth and migration

4704 Nitric oxide (NO) is a factor implicated in mediating breast cancer progression. However, studies have shown conflicting results concerning NO role in breast cancer progression. As a result, it remains unclear what the exact role of NO may be. Currently, we are investigating the hypothesis that low concentrations of NO to the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, will enhance cell growth, adhesion and migration. In these initial studies, we assessed the effect of NO on the proliferation, adhesion and migration of the estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Proliferation was determined by plating 1 X 105 MCF-7 cells per well in 6-well culture plates that were either uncoated or collagen-coated. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide donor, and incubated for 24-48 hr. Cultures were harvested and the numbers of viable and non-viable cells were counted using the Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion method. Cell adhesion was assessed by treating a confluent flask of MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of SNAP for 24 hrs. The cells were harvested and 1 X 105 cells added to uncoated, collagen-coated or collagen with fibronectin-coated 6-well culture plates. The plates were incubated for 4hr; the media removed and cells stained using 1% crystal violet. The cells were rinsed and digitally photographed. Cell migration was measured as follows: dissociated MCF-7 cells in complete medium were placed in the upper well of transwell membranes (8 μm pore size) with serum-free medium in the bottom well. After 24 hr, the upper well medium was replaced with serum-free medium containing SNAP and the bottom well medium replaced with medium containing 10% FBS. The cells on the top surface were removed 24 hr later, and the membranes were stained with 1% crystal violet. Following rinsing, the stained cells were digitally photographed and the mean cell number in 5 microscopic fields was measured. The dye was then extracted from stained cells and the absorbance at 585 nm was measured. We found a dose-dependent increase in MCF-7 proliferation after 48 hr in both uncoated and collagen-coated plates. However, fewer cells attached to coated plates compared to uncoated plates even with the addition of SNAP. We found a dose-dependent increase in cell migration with SNAP. A similar effect was seen with collagen-coated plates, however, the total number of migrating cells was decreased. These studies suggest that low concentrations of NO do promote breast cancer cell proliferation and migration which could lead to an increase in the metastatic behavior of the cells. In addition, lower concentrations of NO reduced the adhesive properties of breast cancer cells which can ultimately lead to a more metastatic cancer. These studies were support by grants MBRS/RISE NIGMS S06GM08248, NASA NCC9-112, and the Georgia Cancer Coalition.
Leveraging Linkage of Cohort Studies With Administrative Claims Data to Identify Individuals With Cancer.

Background:In an effort to overcome quality and cost constraints inherent in population-based research, diverse data sources are increasingly being combined. In this paper, we describe the performance of a Medicare claims-based incident cancer identification algorithm in comparison with observationa
A Greedy Pursuit Algorithm for Separating Signals from Nonlinear Compressive Observations

In this paper we study the unmixing problem which aims to separate a set of structured signals from their superposition. In this paper, we consider the scenario in which the mixture is observed via nonlinear compressive measurements. We present a fast, robust, greedy algorithm called Unmixing Matching Pursuit (UnmixMP) to solve this problem. We prove rigorously that the algorithm can recover the constituents from their noisy nonlinear compressive measurements with arbitrarily small error. We compare our algorithm to the Demixing with Hard Thresholding (DHT) algorithm [1], in a number of experiments on synthetic and real data.
SAUSAGES, TYPES OF | Cooked

Sausages, typically defined as a mixture of ground meat, combined with spices and seasonings, often stuffed into some type of casing and linked, was originally made as a means to salvage value from trimmings and lower-value cuts of meat from all species. Cooked sausage products add great variety to food choices owing to an endless variety of spices and flavorings. This article focuses on the production and descriptions of the most common types of cooked sausages and broadly outlines the processes and equipment used, giving a selection of various sausage types. Such products have been developed through all cultures.
Drosophila Memory Research through Four Eras: Genetic, Molecular Biology, Neuroanatomy, and Systems Neuroscience

The study of learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster has evolved across four broad areas of investigation: genetics, biochemistry/molecular biology, neuroanatomy, and systems neuroscience. Research into the genetics of learning and memory has revealed critical signaling pathways underlying memory formation, ranging from the centrality of cAMP signaling in memory acquisition to the roles of Rac and dopamine in forgetting. Biochemistry and molecular biology have characterized the molecular functions of these signaling pathways that regulate memory. Neuroanatomical studies have established the role of the mushroom body in the encoding and retrieval of memories and identified other components of the memory circuits. Finally, circuit- and systems-level analysis have revealed how multiple sets of neurons interact to generate the functional changes in circuits that encode memories. Here, we review the progress across these domains and provide an outlook for future contributions of Drosophila to the study of learning and memory.
Electromagnetic modeling in accelerator designs

Through the years, electromagnetic modeling using computers has proved to be a cost-effective tool for accelerator designs. Traditionally, electromagnetic modeling of accelerators has been limited to resonator and magnet designs in two dimensions. In recent years with the availability of powerful computers, electromagnetic modeling of accelerators has advanced significantly. Through the above conferences, it is apparent that breakthroughs have been made during the last decade in two important areas: three-dimensional modeling and time-domain simulation. Success in both these areas have been made possible by the increasing size and speed of computers. In this paper, the advances in these two areas will be described.
How Task Perceptions Matter on Micro-Task Crowdsourcing Platforms

Though a large percentage of micro-task crowdsourcing workers have a college degree and report a household income above the national median, they persistently return to crowdsourcing platforms, despite the low pay and relative simplicity of the tasks. In this study, we aim to understand why prior research has identified task-related factors to be important determinants of worker behavior on micro-task crowdsourcing platforms. We explore workers’ perceptions of task characteristics and their impact on subjective and objective outputs in micro-task crowdsourcing contexts, taking into account the unique nature of crowdsourcing platforms as a new IT artifact. We draw on two theories, the theory of motivation through work design and the expectancy theory, and aim to extend them by incorporating the IT artifact in them, in the context of micro-task crowdsourcing. Our findings help understand workers’ behaviors on micro-task crowdsourcing platforms and thus inform the task and platform design process.
Implications of Pyran Cyclization and Pterin Conformation on Oxidized Forms of the Molybdenum Cofactor

The large family of mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes all possess the special ligand molybdopterin (MPT), which consists of a metal-binding dithiolene chelate covalently bound to a pyranopterin group. MPT pyran cyclization/scission processes have been proposed to modulate the reactivity of the metal center during catalysis. We have designed several small-molecule models for the Mo-MPT cofactor that allow detailed investigation into how pyran cyclization modulates electronic communication between the dithiolene and pterin moieties and how this cyclization alters the electronic environment of the molybdenum catalytic site. Using a combination of cyclic voltammetry, vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and rR), electronic absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, distinct changes in the Mo≡O stretching frequency, Mo(V/IV) reduction potential, and electronic structure across the pterin–dithiolene ligand are observed as a function of pyran ring closure. The results are significant, for t...
Being PrEPared — Preexposure Prophylaxis and HIV Disparities

Being PrEPared Despite its proven benefits, preexposure prophylaxis against HIV (PrEP) has been prescribed to only a fraction of the population that would benefit from it. Stigma and limited awareness are substantial barriers to improving uptake in the communities at the highest risk.
Magnetic resonance imaging-measured skeletal muscle mass to fat-free mass ratio increases with increasing levels of fat-free mass.

Background To investigate the skeletal muscle mass to fat-free mass (SM-FFM) ratio in female and male athletes, as well as to examine the relationship between ultrasound predicted SM and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured SM. Methods Seven female track and field athletes (female), 8 male collegiate swimmers (male-G1) and 8 male collegiate Olympic weightlifters (male-G2) volunteered. Whole-body SM volume was measured using MRI images obtained from the first cervical vertebra to the ankle joints. The volume of SM tissue was calculated and the SM volume was converted into mass units by an assumed skeletal muscle density. Muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound at nine sites and SM was estimated using an ultrasound-derived prediction equation. Results Percent body fat was similar among the groups. FFM, MRI-measured SM and SM-FFM ratio were greater in Males-G2 compared to the other two groups and those variables of Male-G1 were higher than the Female group. There was an excellent correlation (r=0.976) between MRI-measured and ultrasound-predicted SM (total error=1.52 kg). No significant difference was observed between MRI-measured and ultrasound-predicted SM in the overall sample or within each group. The SM-FFM ratio was positively correlated (r=0.708) with FFM in female and male athletes. Conclusions We provide evidence for how the MRI-measured SM-FFM ratio changes with increasing levels of FFM and provide data that the ultrasound may be useful in estimating SM in athletes. Given the size limitations with MRI, both of these findings may be useful for future research investigating large sized athletes.
Fasting Plasma Hormones and Metabolites in Feral and Domestic Newborn Pigs

Newborn Yorkshire and Ossabaw (feral) pigs were examined under thermoneutral conditions to determine whether survival rate during fasting differs between these breeds and whether any blood-borne factors are associated with improved survival. Newborn pigs were removed from the sow before suckling. Body composition was determined on 10 newborn Ossabaw and 12 newborn Yorkshire pigs. Another group of animals (eight Ossabaw, 12 Yorkshire) was fasted for 72 hr, with blood samples drawn at birth and 12 and 24 hr into fasting. Glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), growth hormone (GH), insulin, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol and glucagon concentrations were measured in plasma of fasted pigs. Concentrations of carcass lipid, dry matter and ash were higher in newborn Ossabaw pigs than in newborn Yorkshire pigs. Survival through 72 hr of fasting was lower among Yorkshire pigs. Yorkshire and Ossabaw pigs had similar concentrations of metabolites and hormones at birth, with the exceptions of lower plasma GH and higher T3 concentrations in Ossabaw pigs. Higher plasma T3 concentrations would indicate a greater potential for fatty acid oxidation. During fasting, Ossabaw pigs had lower plasma GH and T4 concentrations and higher glucagon and FFA concentrations. Increased survival among newborn Ossabaw pigs may have been due to increased availability of FFA during fasting, and to a greater potential for gluconeogenesis through increased oxidation of fatty acids and higher plasma glucagon concentrations. This would suggest that maternal treatments that would increase storage of fat and(or) increase the capacity for oxidation of fat in utero would improve survival of newborn pigs.
Neuronal Compartmentalization: A Means to Integrate Sensory Input at the Earliest Stage of Information Processing?

In numerous peripheral sense organs, external stimuli are detected by primary sensory neurons compartmentalized within specialized structures composed of cuticular or epithelial tissue. Beyond reflecting developmental constraints, such compartmentalization also provides opportunities for grouped neurons to functionally interact. Here, the authors review and illustrate the prevalence of these structural units, describe characteristics of compartmentalized neurons, and consider possible interactions between these cells. This article discusses instances of neuronal crosstalk, examples of which are observed in the vertebrate tastebuds and multiple types of arthropod chemosensory hairs. Particular attention is paid to insect olfaction, which presents especially well-characterized mechanisms of functional, cross-neuronal interactions. These examples highlight the potential impact of peripheral processing, which likely contributes more to signal integration than previously considered. In surveying a wide variety of structural units, it is hoped that this article will stimulate future research that determines whether grouped neurons in other sensory systems can also communicate to impact information processing.
Mathematical Modeling: Analyzing Elementary Students’ Perceptions of What It Means to Know and Do Mathematics

Mathematical modeling is a process that allows students to investigate real-world, meaningful questions through mathematical exploration. Mathematical modeling is often structured differently than traditional mathematics, where, historically, speed and accuracy are prioritized above other skills. While modeling, students engage in practices that may enrich how they know and do mathematics and their beliefs about themselves as mathematical learners. In this chapter, we consider how elementary students define mathematics and view themselves as learners while doing mathematical modeling and also during traditional instruction. This was done through qualitative analysis of interviews and classroom observations with seven, second-grade students to understand their experiences in both settings. Findings suggest that the students conceptualized mathematics primarily as computations and either compared themselves to peers or considered how quickly and accurately they could solve problems to determine success in mathematics. In contrast, mathematical modeling pressed on students’ notions of what it meant to know and do mathematics and their mathematical identities. We identified and discussed four themes that arose as both challenges and affordances when students discussed modeling in relation to mathematics: responsibility, difficult mathematics, group dynamics, and real world application.
The Prevalence of Admission Leukocytosis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) Patients and Its Association with Primary Infection. (P3.103)

Background/Objective: In intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, the significance of leukocytosis on admission is unknown. Theories range from primary infection to acute inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of admission leukocytosis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in ICH patients and its association with primary infection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 213 consecutive ICH patients admitted to a single tertiary care center from October 2011 through January 2014. Thirty-four were excluded based on inadequate data or withdrawal of care within 6 hours of admission. Patients with admission leukocytosis (leukocytes 蠅 12.0 within the first 24 hours of admission [WBCp24]) were identified. We collected patients’ vital signs for identification of SIRS: peak/trough temperature, peak heart rate, and peak respiratory rate within the first 24 hours of admission. Microbiological data within the first 48 hours of admission and final body-fluid cultures within the first week of admission (Cx7) were recorded. Results:Of the 179 ICH patients, 46 (34[percnt]) presented with WBCp24. Mean WBCp24 was 15 ± 3.542. Ninety-one percent (42/46) met the criteria for SIRS. In 12 (26[percnt]) patients, no cultures sent (of which only 1 did not meet SIRS criteria). Only 13/34 patients (38[percnt]) had positive Cx7. Conclusions:Less than half of ICH patients with WBCp24 have positive Cx7. This is despite the over-whelming majority meeting SIRS criteria. WBCp24 may therefore be more often an indicative of acute inflammatory response to ICH than primary infection. Large-scale studies are needed to determine the impact of SIRS and leukocytosis on outcome in ICH patients. Disclosure: Dr. Hafeez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grose has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mutgi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Behrouz has nothing to disclose.
Dynamics of canopy cover in a wet forest in Costa Rica

OF THE MASTER'S THESIS DRAWING AS A TECHNIQUE TO FACILITATE CHILDRENS MEMORY by Kendra Horstmyer Brennan Florida International University, 1996 Miami, Florida Professor Ronald P. Fisher, Major Professor This study examined a technique to assist children to recall more information about witnessed events. Thirty-eight fourth-grade children from a public grade school in Miami Florida participated in the experiment. The participants watched a Red Cross demonstration and were interviewed one week later about details of the demonstration. All of the children were interviewed using a police style interview. In addition, half of the children were instructed to draw during the interview. The current study supported previous findings that the instruction to draw increased the amount
Vocal Health and Singing Pedagogy: Considerations from Biology and Motor Learning

It is clear that vocal health is influenced by numerous factors, involving physiological, mechanical, and psychological mechanisms. This chapter provides an overview of such issues, emphasizing the role of the voice teacher in fostering vocal health and identifying early signs of physiological vocal changes. A particular focus will be two issues of recent interest within the clinical voice science community: (1) approaches to recovery from acute vocal fold injury and (2) approaches to voice training in general. Novel biological data indicate the counter-intuitive possibility that some forms of light classical singing may not only not exacerbate injury, but may actually help to reverse it in some cases. Regarding training, this question has been the target of intensive investigation in the general motor learning literature for the past decade. Again counter-intuitively, recent literature strongly indicates the typical practice of training learners verbally, analytically and biomechanically may actually interfere with both immediate performance and long-term motor learning. Data instead suggest that experiential learning in which learners’ attention is directed to performance outcomes rather than biomechanics enhances performance and learning over traditional verbal-analytical approaches. Data and implications for singing pedagogy will be discussed with practical examples.
Volatile Anesthetic Effects on Inositol Trisphosphate-Gated Intracellular Calcium Stores in GH3 Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter explores several studies to assess the effects of volatile anesthetic halothane on the inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ).signaling pathway in GH 3 cells. To examine the effects of halothane on the proximal portions of the IP 3 signaling pathway, GH 3 cells have been labeled to equilibrium with [ 3 H] inositol and stimulated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the presence of 10 m M LiCl. Clinically relevant concentrations of halothane has minimal effects on resting [Ca 2+ ] i in GH 3 cells. The chapter indicates that high concentrations of halothane increase resting [Ca 2+ ] i by releasing calcium from intracellular stores. TRH increases [Ca 2+ ] i both by releasing sequestered calcium from intracellular stores and by stimulating influx through calcium channels. The maximum extent of inhibition of the [Ca 2+ ] i response to TRH has been observed within 10 min of halothane administration and has been dependent on halothane concentration. Inhibition of the peak [Ca 2+ ] i response to TRH could result from one of several mechanisms. Halothane could act by blocking IP 3 binding or by inhibiting ion flux through the IP 3 receptor/channel. Thapsigargin, such as halothane, inhibits the peak [Ca 2+ ] i response to TRH. If halothane have been primarily acting to inhibit the Ca 2+ -ATPase, the combination of halothane and a saturating concentration of thapsigargin should produce the same exponential decay of the peak [Ca 2+ ] i response to TRH as thapsigargin alone. The ability of halothane to increase the rate of leak calcium from intracellular stores provides an explanation for all the observed data. However various data indicate that anesthetic effects on IP 3 -releasable stores of calcium are not limited to halothane, other anesthetics such as isoflurane and octanol also produce effects similar to those observed with halothane.
Computational Modeling of Rarefied Gas Flows

Rarefied gas dynamics involves flows for which the number of collisions is too small to maintain the velocity distribution functions (VDFs) at the molecular level near the well-known equilibrium forms. Such conditions occur at low density and for flows with very small characteristic length scales. Computational methods for the analysis of such flows are described. The approaches reviewed include extension of surface boundary conditions for use in continuum methods, extended sets of continuum flow equations, solution of the Boltzmann equation, and a Monte Carlo method. Hybrid techniques that combine continuum and non-continuum methods are described for situations that involve a mixture of flow regimes. Keywords: rarefied gas dynamics; non-continuum flow; computational modeling; Monte Carlo method
Neural crest cells and motor axons in avians: Common and distinct migratory molecules

It has long been thought that the same molecules guide both trunk neural crest cells and motor axons as these cell types grow and extend to their target regions in developing embryos. There are common territories that are navigated by these cell types: both cells grow through the rostral portion of the somitic sclerotomes and avoid the caudal half of the sclerotomes. However, these cell types seem to use different molecules to guide them to their target regions. In this review, I will talk about the common and distinct methods of migration taken by trunk neural crest cells and motor axons as they grow and populate their target regions through chick embryos at the level of the trunk.
The SH3 Domain-binding T Cell Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein p120 DEMONSTRATION OF ITS IDENTITY WITH THE c-cbl PROTOONCOGENE PRODUCT AND IN VIVO COMPLEXES WITH Fyn, Grb2, AND PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE

Previously, we have identified p120 as a Fyn/Lck SH3 and SH2 domain-binding protein that is tyrosine phosphorylated rapidly after T cell receptor triggering. Here, we used direct protein purification, amino acid sequence analysis, reactivity with antibodies, and two-dimensional gel analyses to identify p120 as the human c-cbl protooncogene product. We demonstrate in vivo complexes of p120cbl with Fyn tyrosine kinase, the adaptor protein Grb2, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. The association of p120cbl with Fyn and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase (together with PI 3-kinase activity) was markedly increased by T cell activation, consistent with in vitro binding of p120cbl to their SH2 as well as SH3 domains. In contrast, a large fraction of p120cbl was associated with Grb2 prior to activation, and this association did not change upon T cell activation. In vitro, p120cblinteracted with Grb2 exclusively through its SH3 domains. These results demonstrate a novel Grb2-p120cbl signaling complex in T cells, distinct from the previously analyzed Grb2-Sos complex. The association of p120cbl with ubiquitous signaling proteins strongly suggests a general signal transducing function for this enigmatic protooncogene with established leukemogenic potential but unknown physiological function.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and prevalence of subgroups A and B in Hawaii

Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from hospitalized children in Hawaii in each month of the year during the period January 1987 to August 1989. Subgroup A and subgroup B strains cocirculated, with subgroup A predominating. There was an alternating early-season and late-season peak incidence cycle as reported elsewhere.
Report looks at sequestering CO2 beneath Earth's surface

Capturing carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuels and injecting it into geologic formations below the Earth's surface is technically feasible, but new scientific challenges are raised by longterm sequestration. The sequestering concept is one proposed strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Sequestering could be either on land or in the oceans and should be for a minimum of 50–100 years, but 1000 years would be better, the report says. It discusses fundamental geoscience research issues associated with sequestration and is organized around perspectives from geophysics, geohydrology, geochemistry, and geomechanics.
Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint stiffness

The ability of the nervous system to accommodate changes to joint mechanics is crucial in the maintenance of joint stability and the prevention of injury. This neuromechanical coupling is achieved through several mechanisms such as the central and peripheral regulation of muscle tone and subsequent alterations to joint stiffness. Following joint injury, such as a ligamentous sprains, some patients develop functional instability or require surgery to stabilize the joint, while others are able to cope and display limited impairments. Several researchers have attempted to explain these divergent outcomes, although research using proprioceptive tasks and quantifying reaction times has led to equivocal results. Recent innovations have allowed for the simultaneous measurement of mechanical and nervous system function among these subsets. The intent of this review was to explore the relationships between joint stiffness and nervous system function, and how it changes following injury. By better understanding these mechanisms, researchers and clinicians may better develop and implement rehabilitation protocols to target individual deficits among injured populations.
Roaming Through Virginia with the Public Health Nurse

Rural health nursing has long been considered a subspecialty within public health nursing, albeit one that required the nurse to be a generalist. In the excerpts of this article, Webb (1920) shares her observations as a State Supervising Nurse for the Red Cross in Virginia while traveling in rural areas of the state with the county public health nurses. Themes evident in these excerpts include the transportation issues associated with working in remote areas, as well as nursing work in the areas of maternal and child health, communicable diseases, case finding through health inspections, and health education. Additionally, there are themes specific to rural nursing, including distance and isolation, self-reliance, and development of trust among the rural population. In her 1922 book, The Evolution of Public Health Nursing, Annie M. Brainard identified many of these themes when she stated the ideal rural public health nurse needed to be a "school nurse, baby nurse, tuberculosis nurse, and a general visiting nurse", as well as tactful in dealing with "country people" who are "peculiarly independent and sensitive" (1985 edition, p. 303).
Design of a 570 MHz current feedback amplifier on bonded wafer technology

The design of a monolithic, DC to 570 MHz, fast settling, low distortion current feedback amplifier is described. The circuit is fabricated in a complementary bipolar, bonded wafer silicon on insulator (SOI) technology.
Heidegger and International Development

This paper is a preliminary application of Heidegger’s thinking to international development studies. We argue first that his account of truth makes just as much sense of cultural difference as it does of differences between historical epochs. Secondly, we assess Heidegger’s critique of modernity by tracing the emergence of modern technology in relation to the history of science. In the third section, we argue that the mathematization of nature is a hermeneutic violence that makes possible the global assault of capital through realization of the essence of technology. In the final section, we argue that Heidegger is not a technological determinist and that ‘the saving power’ he says is to be found in the essence of technology, along with the danger, resides in the global South.
Dynamic Patrolling Policy for Optimizing Urban Mobility Networks

A dynamic patrolling policy is presented for a fleet of service vehicles operating in response to incident requests in an urban transportation network. We modify an existing adaptive, informative path controller so that the fleet of vehicles is driven to locally optimal service configurations within the environment. These configurations, called patrolling loops, minimize the distance between the instantaneous vehicle position and incident customer request. Our patrolling algorithm is trained using one month of data from a fleet of 16,000 vehicles. This historical dataset is used to learn the parameters required to set up a representative urban mobility model. Using this model we conduct large-scale simulations to show the global stability of the patrolling policy and evaluate the performance of our system by comparing it against a greedy service policy and historical data.
Irradiation-Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are being widely utilized in industry due to their versatile properties. The in vitro cytotoxicity findings and the potential for exposures to ZnO NP from different sources via different routes of entry into the body have raised public health concerns. Although recent studies have shown the cytotoxic effects of these NPs, including oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis induction, genotoxicity, and others, irradiation-induced cytotoxicity has not been systematically studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether irradiation in the forms of visible light (approximately 400-600 nm), ultraviolet (UV) A (366 nm), and UVC (254 nm) would affect ZnO NPs-induced cytotoxicity. The results of this study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of 60 to 80 nm ZnO NPs to A549 cells is dosage, time, and wavelength dependent. Nuclear decomposition by ZnO NPs, prior to membrane deformation, was found to be enhanced when exposed to irradiation. This study suggests that this phen...
Direct observation of the micromorphology of polyether polyurethanes using high-voltage electron microscopy

Abstract The micromorphology of segmented polyether polyurethanes based on poly(tetramethylene oxide) soft segments and semicrystalline methylene diphenylene diisocyanate and butanediol hard segments was examined using high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). Specimens for electron microscopy studies were prepared by thin-film casting and by cryoultramicrotomy of solvent cast or compression moulded bulk samples. Short cylinder or lamellar morphology was observed in the polyether polyurethanes depending on the sample's composition. Microdomain spacings measured from electron microscopy micrographs were compared to previously reported long spacings calculated from small-angle x-ray scattering data. Annealing of polyether polyurethane thin films was found to cause rearrangement of the microdomain structure.
Political forecasting: The missing link

Political forecasting provides the contextuality needed for decision-making and for forecasting ‘non-political’ trends. To gear political forecasting to these needs, rather than mimicking approaches in other areas, requires recognition of the distinctive nature of political trends, and realism regarding forecast uses, which generally do not benefit from ‘precise’ probabilities, predictions of only major events, or ‘sophisticated’ methodology that sacrifices comprehensiveness for explicitness. Approaches borrowed from other forecasting disciplines have been counterproductive, although contextual approaches, including cross-impact analyses and developmental constructs that integrate political and non-political trends, are promising. Explorations of the consistency of scenario dynamics, taking into account policy responses and non-formalizable complexity, are also useful. Thus the separation of political forecasting from political analysis should be minimized, calling for a redirection of effort away from developing methodology uniquely geared to forecasting, and towards organizing more comprehensive and systematic analytical efforts.
Chromosomal walking and jumping to isolate DNA from the Ace and rosy loci and the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster

A chromosomal walk is described that covers 315 X 10(3) base-pairs of DNA from the 87DE region of the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. The walk includes the DNA for the rosy and Ace loci, which code for xanthine dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase, respectively. Several dispersed repetitive elements were encountered in the walk. In every case, their positions in the chromosome differed in different strains, and so they are all presumed to be transposable elements. Several rearrangement breakpoints have been localized within the walk, including the break for In(3R) Cbx+R1 (87E1, 2-89E1, 2). One breakpoint fusion fragment of this inversion was isolated to jump from 87E into the cluster of homeotic genes of the bithorax complex, at 89E1-4.
Changes in whole body venous tone and distribution of blood after open intracardiac surgery

Abstract After intracardiac surgery for valvular heart disease, blood volume was lower and right atrial pressure was the same as, or higher than, preoperative values. A value for “venous blood volume” was derived by subtracting central blood volume (including, in this study, cardiopulmonary blood volume and blood in the aorta and central large arteries) from total blood volume. “Venous blood volume” was decreased proportionally more than central blood volume after operation. It is concluded that whole body venous tone is increased early after intracardiac operations and that there is some redistribution of blood in favor of the central blood volume.
Absorption of amines on cation exchange resins

Abstract All the amines studied are absorbed in excess of the exchange capacity bysulfonated polystyrene resins from aqueous solutions; the absorption is greatest with benzylamine, whose molecular structure is the closest to that of the monomer of the resin. The absorption is greater, then less the crosslinking of the resin, and it is influenced by the electrostatic field of the resin cations. There is no excess absorption from solvents such as alcohols, acetic acid or dioxane. The absorption characteristics of amines are sufficiently different that separations by elution chromatography on cation exchange resins are possible. Two such separations have been demonstrated. For quantitative analytical use, however, it would be wise to use very fine mesh resins on account of the slowness of diffusion of large amine molecules within the resins.
Oromandibular reconstruction with simultaneous free and pedicled composite flaps

Ablative oromandibular surgery affects swallowing, speech, mastication, and cosmesis. Satisfactory functional and aesthetic gains can be achieved with concurrent, functionally discreet free and pedicled flaps. Combining a composite osseous free flap with a pedicled myocutaneous flap is an effective means to repair complex osseous, muscular, and cutaneous defects. In this article, we describe our reconstructive technique with simultaneous flaps to create functional reconstructive units .
A Study of Turkey Production in Illinois

(1949). A Study of Turkey Production in Illinois. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 157-162.