cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying Personality Types Using Document Classification Methods

Are the words that people use indicative of their personality type preferences? In this paper, it is hypothesized that word-usage is not independent of personality type, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality assessment tool. In-class writing samples were taken from 40 graduate students along with the MBTI. The experiment utilizes naive Bayes classifiers and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in an attempt to guess an individual’s personality type based on their word-choice. Classification is also attempted using emotional, social, cognitive, and psychological dimensions elicited by the analysis software, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). The classifiers are evaluated with 40 distinct trials (leave-one-out cross validation), and parameters are chosen using leave-one-out cross validation of each trial’s training set. The experiment showed that the naive Bayes classifiers (word-based and LIWC-based) outperformed the SVMs when guessing Sensing-Intuition (S-N) and Thinking-Feeling (T-F).
Studies on rheomelanins. IV. The apparent occurrence in vivo of rheomelanins in human blood.

AbstractPaper chromatograms of the rheomelanins made earlier in this laboratory in human plasmas during incubation with each of the catecholamines or with L-dopa had yellow-green fluorescence in ultraviolet light of 366 nm (Hegedus & Altschule, 1970). In the present studies, a yellow-green fluorescent spot was found in each paper chromatogram. All of these spots were eluted and their excitation and emission spectra were recorded and compared to one another.The rheomelanins made from the catecholamines, L-dopa, catechol or from mixtures of these in human plasmas during incubation were chromatographed twice on paper with two different solvent systems. These artificial rheomelanins in vitro and the apparent in vivo rheomelanins present in plasmas moved together during the two chromatographies. These yellow-green fluorescent compounds were eluted as one spot after the second chromatography. This mixture produced high intensity excitation and emission spectra closely similar to the low intensity excitation and...
Effect of Temperature on Resistance of St. Augustinegrass to Southern Chinch Bugs {Hemiptera: Blissidae}

Abstract St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, is used as lawn grass throughout the southern United States for its wide adaptation to varying environmental conditions. The southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, is the plant's most damaging insect pest. Host plant resistance of St. Augustinegrass to southern chinch bugs has been determined in numerous studies using various techniques. However, temperature has been shown to affect plant resistance to insects; this has not been determined for St. Augustinegrass resistance to southern chinch bugs. In our study, 4 varieties were tested for resistance to adult chinch bugs at 5 temperatures. These varieties were Floratam (susceptible), Captiva (resistant), NUF-216 (resistant), and FX-10 (resistant). The temperatures were 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C, and adults were held 7 days at each temperature. Analysis of mean mortalities showed cooler temperatures reduced the ability of LSD tests to statistically determine which varieties were ...
Physician Advice to Adolescents About Smoking: Who Gets Advised and Who Benefits Most?

Abstract Purpose The Clinical Practice Guidelines instruct physicians to ask their patients about smoking and to advise against tobacco use. Physicians are urged especially to attend to racial minorities and teens because of these groups' increased susceptibility to smoking. Research on race and physician advice against smoking has produced contradictory findings. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationships between physician communication about tobacco, race, and smoking among adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study explored (1) racial differences in rates of receiving physician communication and (2) whether the relationship between physician communication and smoking among adolescents was moderated by race. Multiple measures of smoking status were used (e.g., intentions to quit, quit attempts, quits, relapse status). We used a large (N = 5,154), predominately African-American (82.9%) sample of 11th graders. Results Regular smokers were more likely to be screened about smoking. African Americans were more frequently advised against tobacco than Caucasians. Among African Americans, nonsmokers were most likely to be both screened and advised; among Caucasians, regular were most likely to be screened and advised. Overall, physician intervention was associated with greater benefits for young African Americans, including fewer intentions to smoke, greater likelihood of quitting, and less relapse. Conclusions Physician communication about smoking may hold particular promise for African-American teens, reducing health disparities because of racial differences in smoking-related mortality and morbidity. Physicians should be encouraged to screen and advise all young people about tobacco, regardless of race or smoking status.
Immigration Enforcement and Harboring Doctrine

This Article takes a first look at the origins and evolution of a federal statute enacted over fifty years ago that prohibits “harboring” unauthorized aliens. Federal law contains no definition of harboring in the immigration context, and in the years since the enactment of the statute, courts have interpreted it in ways that are wide-ranging and inconsistent. While courts initially interpreted harboring relatively narrowly, as clandestine concealment, some courts subsequently interpreted harboring as encompassing any conduct which substantially facilitates an unauthorized alien’s continued presence in the United States. Applying this definition, courts have assigned liability for relationships that are both exceedingly common and socially valuable, such as allowing an unauthorized alien relative to live in one’s home; renting an apartment to unauthorized aliens, and giving advice and other assistance to unauthorized aliens. This Article examines the legislative history of the statute, evaluates how federal courts transformed the meaning of harboring from a crime involving concealment to a crime involving the facilitation of unauthorized presence, and considers the impact of broad court constructions of harboring on immigration law goals.
Kinetics of silica polymerization

Abstract The polymerization of silicic acid in dilute aqueous solutions was studied experimentally and theoretically. Two basic processes were studied: the formation of colloidal particles by homogeneous nucleation, and their further growth by deposition of dissolved silica upon them. It was found that the state of ionization of the silica surface controls the rate of polymerization. The rate of deposition of dissolved silica on the surface of amorphous silica is proportional to the surface density of ionized silanol groups. The extent of surface ionization also determines the value of the surface tension, and thus also the rate of homogeneous nucleation. Added salts accelerate both molecular deposition and homogeneous nucleation by increasing the extent of surface ionization and decreasing the solubility of silica. Except for fluoride, salt ions were found not to have any specific catalytic effect. Fluoride was confirmed to be a powerful catalyst. Aluminum and boron were found to inhibit the reaction at pH 8. A successful quantitative theory of the homogeneous nucleation of colloidal silica particles was developed. The Lothe-Pound factor was shown to be about 3.34 × 1025 (kg H2O)−1. The nucleation model and results of our data analysis are incorporated in a computer code which models the homogeneous nucleation and growth of colloidal silica particles. This code is able to reproduce much of our data to within experimental error, and may be used to generate useful predictions for conditions that are typical of geothermal brines. The concentration of “adsorbed silica” on the surface of amorphous silica was determined, and was found to increase with the concentration of dissolved silica in the ambient solution. It is probably a reaction intermediate between dissolved silica and solid amorphous silica.
Social Media Communicator Roles: A Scale

The purpose of this research is to describe the various roles of practitioners who use social media communication through a scale. Human organizations are role systems in which patterned behaviors ...
A Leed Study of Bismuth Overlayer Formation on InSb(110)

LEED and Auger electron spectroscopy have been used to studied the interface formation of bismuth on InSb(110). For the first time, well defined superstructures were observed at room temperature on metal/semimetal-III-V semiconductors. A (1×2) phase, at 0.5 ML bismuth coverage, and a (1×3) phase, at 0.4 ML bismuth coverage, appear with different thermal heat cycling. The dynamical origin of these phases is thought to be a repulsive interaction between overlayer chains due to the detailed geometry of the overlayer chain structure and to the overlayer induced strain field within the substrate.
Comparative study of professional psychological intervention on orthopaedic patients after the trauma

Objectives:To discuss the value of psychological intervention on nursing patients with traumatic orthopaedics.Methods:Patients meeting the conditions in our hospital from May 2009 to May 2010 were divided into two groups randomly to conduct this study.One group was treated with professional psychological intervention(study group) and another group was only treated with general psychological nursing(control group).Two groups of patients were both evaluated by hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),then comparing the anxiety level of patients at different stages.Results:The situation of anxiety lightened much more in treatment group than in control group(P0.05).Conclusions:Psychological intervention on nursing patients with trauma orthopedics is of great value and can significantly lower the level of anxiety in these patients.It meets the needs of patients and is worth to promoting.
Why Do Web Surveys Take Longer on Smartphones

Surveys completed on mobile web devices (smartphones) have been found to take longer than surveys completed on a PC. This has been found both in surveys where respondents can choose which device th...
Software engineering research lab to airplanes, orion and beyond: one professor's journey shaped by industry-university collaboration

This paper is a short story of my adventures of the past 20 years trying to integrate academic research with software engineering problems in industry. I share the challenges I encountered on the way, my failures and successes, evolution of my research, and its adoption in industry. Though I faced many hardships, I feel great satisfaction in knowing that my research is applied today in the design of avionics systems, automobiles, and even in NASA's Orion program. My latest adventure and honor is an opportunity to participate in two visionary Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) programs aimed at developing an innovative technology to fight the war against sophisticated malware that poses grave security threats to individuals and nations. Without working with industry, it would not have been possible for me to formulate rigorous but practical research problems. These problems have shaped my research. I narrate my story to provide insights into bridging the gap between academic research and the problems industry practitioners face. My hope is the reader can benefit from the story and be able to achieve in 10 years what has taken me 20 years. I also hope that my story encourages industry practitioners to work with universities.
The measurement of geographic association

This chapter describes how geographic associations between pairs of industries can be measured systematically. The measure of such associations used in the present study is introduced after reviewing previously-used measures. Variations of the measure with size of employment concentration and between urban and rural regions are then discussed. In the final section associations of more than two industries are commented upon.
Heidegger Is No Hero

Even though methodology and theorizing seem more often like idling the engine of the mind, taking up a theoretical stance can be risky business. By ‘methodology’ I not only mean certain techniques of analysis, like statistics, for example; I chiefly have in mind certain commanding styles of inquiry which set the form and matter of our intellectual endeavours. Here one can count behaviourism, empiricism, Heideggerian existentialism, phenomenology, positivism, historicism, structuralism, functionalism and so on. Thus doing theoretical (some call it ‘methodological’)2 work commits us not only to certain ways in which conceiving and studying religion may involve us, but also to the larger visions of human nature embedded in them.
Effects of a Summer Mathematics Intervention for Low-Income Children: A Randomized Experiment

Prior research suggests that summer learning loss among low-income children contributes to income-based gaps in achievement and educational attainment. We present results from a randomized experime...
Design and Fabrication of Components With Optimized Composite Microstructures

The design and fabrication of components with optimized lattice microstructures is a new approach to creating lightweight high-performance objects. This paper introduces a unique and complete integration of design and fabrication leading to the creation of structural components with complex composite microstructures. Rather than a solid cast component with optimized outer shape this new approach leads to a component with an inner skeleton  or microstructure  maximizing one or more properties such as the stiffness-to-weight ratio. Three dimensional gradient materials are a natural outcome of this approach. An introduction to the design optimization and hybrid fabrication approach will be provided in addition to research progress and challenges through Spring 2004.
Leveraging student knowledge of DSP for optical engineering

Students who are learning fundamental principles of optical engineering can take advantage of existing knowledge of digital signal processing to greatly facilitate mastery of the new topics. This paper describes how professors can take advantage of this opportunity.
Secreted heat shock protein 90 promotes prostate cancer stem cell heterogeneity.

// Krystal D. Nolan 1, * , Jasmine Kaur 1, * , Jennifer S. Isaacs 1 1 Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jennifer S. Isaacs, email: isaacsj@musc.edu Keywords: Hsp90, cancer stem cells, prostaspheres, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) Received: October 20, 2016 Accepted: December 05, 2016 Published: December 27, 2016 ABSTRACT Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a highly conserved molecular chaperone, is frequently upregulated in tumors, and remains an attractive anti-cancer target. Hsp90 is also found extracellularly, particularly in tumor models. Although extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) action is not well defined, eHsp90 targeting attenuates tumor invasion and metastasis, supporting its unique role in tumor progression. We herein investigated the potential role of eHsp90 as a modulator of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer (PCa). We report a novel function for eHsp90 as a facilitator of PCa stemness, determined by its ability to upregulate stem-like markers, promote self-renewal, and enhance prostasphere growth. Moreover, eHsp90 increased the side population typically correlated with the drug-resistant phenotype. Intriguingly, tumor cells with elevated surface eHsp90 exhibited a marked increase in stem-like markers coincident with increased expression of the epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) effector Snail, indicating that surface eHsp90 may enrich for a unique CSC population. Our analysis of distinct effectors modulating the eHsp90-dependent CSC phenotyperevealed that eHsp90 is a likely facilitator of stem cell heterogeneity. Taken together, our findings provide unique functional insights into eHsp90 as a modulator of PCa plasticity, and provide a framework towards understanding its role as a driver of tumor progression.
Correlation of the Rutgeerts score and recurrence of Crohn's disease in patients with end ileostomy

BACKGROUND Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) can occur after surgery, including end ileostomy (EI). The Rutgeerts score (RS) was developed to predict postsurgical CD recurrence via ileocolonoscopy in patients having ileocolonic resection. The role of ileoscopic evaluation via stoma for assessing recurrence of CD has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ileoscopy for predicting disease recurrence in CD patients after EI with the use of RS. METHODS A total of 73 eligible CD patients with at least two ileoscopies in our institution following EI were included. Mucosal inflammation of the neo-terminal ileum was graded based on the RS. The primary outcomes were the need for endoscopic stricture dilation and subsequent surgery due to recurrence of disease. The secondary outcomes were CD-related hospitalization and the need to escalate CD-associated medications. RESULTS The median duration of CD until EI was 9 years (interquartile range: 4-13 years), and the median duration from EI to the first ileoscopy was 28 months (interquartile range: 11-93 months). The RSs in the neo-terminal ileum close to EI were calculated, and subjects were divided into two groups: the normal RS group with the score being zero (n = 25) and the abnormal RS group with the RS score being ≥1 (n = 48). Patients in the abnormal RS group were more likely to have recurrence of CD (92% vs 27%) and need endoscopic dilation of stricture (40% vs 10%), subsequent bowel surgery (68% vs 15%), disease-related hospitalizations (80% vs 23%) and escalation of CD medications (64% vs 25%) than those in the normal RS group. Time-to-event analysis showed that patients in the abnormal RS group were at a higher risk of endoscopic dilation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.09-1.9), need of second bowel surgery (OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-1.8) and disease-related hospitalizations (OR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1-1.6) after adjusting for factors such as duration from surgery to sensor, duration of disease and the patient's sex (all P < 0.001). Further multivariable analysis showed that patients in the abnormal RS group were more likely to need escalation of CD-related medications after adjusting for duration from surgery and age (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.7-16.5; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION RS can be used to predict the recurrence of CD in patients with EI. A high RS score based on ileoscopy appeared to be associated with poor outcomes. This may be considered a useful decision-making tool for monitoring disease after ileostomy surgery.
EMS Treatment of Families in an Ambiguous Out-of-Hospital Child Death: The Role of Attribution Errors

Sometimes children die from maltreatment. However, when first responders enter a scene to save the life of a dying child, the cause of the health problem cannot be immediately determined. EMS profe...
Di(hydroperoxy)alkane Adducts of Phosphine Oxides: Safe, Solid, Stoichiometric, and Soluble Oxidizing Agents

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Janet Blumel at Texas A&M University. The image depicts the crystals and crystal structures of novel oxidizing agents: di(hydroperoxy)alkane adducts of phosphine oxides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201703676.
Enfermedad, identidad y simbolismo en Salón de belleza, de Mario Bellatin

Salon de belleza (1994), de Mario Bellatin, podria considerarse como un retrato de la soledad en grado extremo. La novela cuenta en primera persona la historia de un antiguo salon de belleza reconvertido en Moridero, es decir, en un lugar donde enfermos terminales van a pasar sus ultimos dias. La falta de identidad y el anonimato reinan de principio a fin, y solo en el tratamiento de los peces el narrador se recrea. Este narrador se comporta como un pequeno dios que toma decisiones y condiciona el futuro de los enfermos, sin importarle demasiado lo que estos puedan pensar o sentir. En la lectura de la novela, tres aspectos se revelan como primordiales: el simbolismo que los peces adquieren en la narracion, la enfermedad que avanza de forma imparable y el tratamiento de la identidad (individual y colectiva) que se va trazando de la mano de estos otros dos aspectos.
A new method to measure the U-235 content in fresh LWR fuel assemblies via fast-neutron passive self-interrogation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a solution to a decades old safeguards problem in the verification of the fissile concentration in fresh light water reactor (LWR) fuel assemblies. The problem is that the burnable poison (e.g. Gd 2 O 3 ) addition to the fuel rods decreases the active neutron assay for the fuel assemblies. This paper presents a new innovative method for the verification of the 235 U linear mass density in fresh LEU fuel assemblies that is insensitive to the burnable poison content. The technique makes use of the 238 U atoms in the fuel rods to self-interrogate the 235 U mass. The innovation for the new approach is that the 238 U spontaneous fission (SF) neutrons from the rods induces fission reactions (IF) in the 235 U that are time correlated with the SF source neutrons. Thus, the coincidence gate counting rate benefits from both the nu-bar of the 238 U SF (2.07) and the 235 U IF (2.44) for a fraction of the IF reactions. Whereas, the 238 U SF background has no time-correlation boost. The higher the detection efficiency, the higher the correlated boost because background neutron counts from the SF are being converted to signal doubles. This time-correlation in the IF signal increases signal/background ratio that provides a good precision for the net signal from the 235 U mass. The hard neutron energy spectrum makes the technique insensitive to the burnable poison loading where a Cd or Gd liner on the detector walls is used to prevent thermal-neutron reflection back into the fuel assembly from the detector. We have named the system the fast-neutron passive collar (FNPC).
Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a valuable tool for the evaluation of patients with, or at risk for, heart failure and has a growing impact on diagnosis, clinical management, and decision making. Through its ability to characterize the myocardium by using multiple different imaging parameters, it provides insight into the etiology of the underlying heart failure and its prognosis. CMR is widely accepted as the reference standard for quantifying chamber size and ejection fraction. Additionally, tissue characterization techniques such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and other quantitative parameters such as T1 mapping, both native and with measurement of extracellular volume fraction; T2 mapping; and T2* mapping have been validated against histological findings in a wide range of clinical scenarios. In particular, the pattern of LGE in the myocardium can help determine the underlying etiology of the heart failure. The presence and extent of LGE determine prognosis in many of the nonischemic cardiomyopathies. The use of CMR should increase as its utility in characterization and assessment of prognosis in cardiomyopathies is increasingly recognized.
Implant failure and history of failed endodontic treatment: A retrospective case-control study.

Background Residual bacterial biofilm and/or bacteria in planktonic form may be survived in the bone following an extraction of an infected tooth that was endodontically treated unsuccessfully Failed endodontic treatment may be associated with failure of implants to osseointegrate in the same sites. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective case-control study is to examine the risk of implant failure in previous failed endodontic sites. Material and methods This retrospective case-control study is based on 94 dental records of implants placed at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry. Dental records of patients who received an implant in sites with previously failed endodontic therapy in the dental school were identified from the electronic database, while control subjects were obtained from the same pool of patients with the requirement to have received an implant in a site that was not endodontically treated. Results The mean age of the population was 62.89±14.17 years with 57.4% of the sample being females and 42.6% of them being males. In regards to the socio-economic status and dental insurance, 84.0% of this population was classified as low socio-economic status and 68.1% had dental insurance. Tobacco use was self-reported by 9.6% and hypercholesterolemia was the most prevalent systemic medical condition. Dental implant failure was identified in two of the included records (2.1%), both of which were placed in sites with a history of failed endodontic treatment. Conclusions Within the limitations of this retrospective case-control study, further investigation with a larger population group into implant failure of sites that previously had unsuccessful endodontic treatment would be warranted. Implant failure may be associated with a history of failed endodontic treatment. Key words:Implantology, endodontics, osseointegration, treatment outcome, case-control study.
CRT-200.15 A Retrospective Analysis Comparing Ultrasound Guidance With Direct Palpation as Methods for Common Femoral Artery Access Procedure

Traditionally, common femoral artery (CFA) access procedures were, and still commonly are, performed via direct palpation of the CFA. This method, using estimation, has been thought to contribute to vascular complications, with the trend now favoring ultrasound (US) guided CFA access. While there is
A Coupled Network of Growth Transform Neurons for Spike-Encoded Auditory Feature Extraction

This paper builds upon our previously reported growth transform based optimization framework to present a novel spiking neuron model and demonstrate its application for spike-based auditory signal processing. Unlike conventional neuromorphic approaches, the proposed Growth Transform (GT) neuron model is tightly coupled to a system objective function, which results in network dynamics that are always stable and interpretable; and the process of spike generation and population dynamics is the result of minimizing an energy functional. We then extend the model to include axonal propagation delays in a manner that the optimized solution of the system or network objective function remains unaffected. The paper characterizes the model for different types of stimuli, and explores how changing different aspects of the cost function can reproduce known single neuron dynamics. We then investigate the properties of a coupled GT neural network that can generate spike-encoded auditory features corresponding to the output of a gammatone filterbank. We show that the discriminatory information is not only encoded in the traditional spike-rates and interspike-interval statistics, but is also encoded in the subthreshold response of GT neurons for inputs that are not strong enough to elicit spikes. We also demonstrate that while different forms of coupling between the neurons could produce compact and energy-efficient representation of the auditory features, the classification performance for a speaker recognition task remains invariant across different types of coupling. Thus, we believe that the proposed GT neuron model provides a flexible neuromorphic framework to systematically design large-scale spiking neural networks with stable and interpretable dynamics.
Determined Action Needed on Social Determinants.

The American College of Physicians position paper focuses on deteriorating social determinants of health. The editorialists note that the paper highlights many social determinants that underlie hea...
Bisexual Invisibility in Trauma: PTSD Symptomology, and MentalHealthcare Experiences Among Bisexual Women and Men versus Lesbians and Gay Men

Sexual minority people are at an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal trauma (IPT) and appear to have higher levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptomology following IPT than heterosexua...
On Quadratic Forms Between Spheres

For a quadratic form f: Sm → Sn, we first estimate the dimensions of its preimages and determine the cases when the upper bound is achieved. Combining results of Wood and Yiu, we then derive a complete classification of f when m≥ 2n-2. By using orthogonal multiplication, we also introduce a new construction of quadratic forms between spheres, generalizing the classical Hopf construction.
Simulating Biological Motion Perception Using a Recurrent Neural Network.

People have the ability to perceive biological motion under conditions of severely limited visual information. If the information is in the form of a point-light motion sequence of a human walker or jogger, perceptual discontinuities are barely noticeable. This phenomenon can be simulated for a machine perceptual system by using a recurrent artificial neural network. A feedback connection from the output of the hidden layer to the input of the hidden layer provides the network with information about past events that can be used to classify an entire sequence of events. In this case, the discrete events are the x,y-coordinates of the point-light displays during a specific motion sequence. Generalizations about temporal as well as spatial patterns can be made that enable the network to classify an input sequence as being either biological or non-biological in
Effect of Adhesive Debond on Stress-Intensity Factors in Bonded Composite Panels

Stress-intensity factors are calculated for a cracked infinite sheet adhesively bonded to a stringer, and debonding of the adhesive layer is predicted. The stringer is modeled as a semiinfinite sheet. Adhesive nonlinearity is also included. Both the sheet and stringer are treated as homogeneous, orthotropic materials, a set of integral equations is formulated and solved to obtain the adhesive shear stresses and crack-tip stress-intensity factors. Adhesive debonding is predicted using a rupture criterion based on the combined adhesive stresses. A through-the-thickness crack is located in the infinite sheet perpendicular to the edge of the stringer. When the crack is not under the stringer, the debond extends along the edge of the stringer. When the crack tip is beneath the stringer, the debond extends to the crack tip, then along the edge of the stringer. Stress levels required for debond initiation decrease as the crack tip is moved beneath the stringer. With a nonlinear adhesive, the debond initiates at higher applied stress levels than in linear adhesive cases. Compared with the linear adhesive solution, modeling a nonlinear adhesive causes the stress-intensity factor to decrease when debonding is included.
A reformulated general thermal-field emission equation

Theoretical models of thermal, field, and thermal-field emission of electrons generally require the evaluation of the Gamow, or tunneling, factor. A rapid means to do so is developed using shape factor methods for general potentials, but, in particular, for the image charge (or Schottky-Nordheim) barrier from which the Fowler-Nordheim (field emission) and Richardson-Laue-Dushman (thermal emission) equations are derived. The shape factor method provides greater accuracy than the elliptical integral functions that the electron emission equations conventionally rely on and eliminates the need to use them. The mild overprediction of the field emission current by the Fowler-Nordheim equation at very high fields is corrected. Undesired behaviors associated with prior versions of the general Thermal-Field equation in the thermal-field regime are eliminated by properly identifying the maximum of the current density integrand and accounting for its shape. The methodology to rapidly identify the current density maximum in general is demonstrated for various combinations of field, temperature, and work function, and the improvements demonstrated. The utility of the reformulated methodology for the simulation of electron beams and the ability to characterize cathode configurations of technological interest are discussed.Theoretical models of thermal, field, and thermal-field emission of electrons generally require the evaluation of the Gamow, or tunneling, factor. A rapid means to do so is developed using shape factor methods for general potentials, but, in particular, for the image charge (or Schottky-Nordheim) barrier from which the Fowler-Nordheim (field emission) and Richardson-Laue-Dushman (thermal emission) equations are derived. The shape factor method provides greater accuracy than the elliptical integral functions that the electron emission equations conventionally rely on and eliminates the need to use them. The mild overprediction of the field emission current by the Fowler-Nordheim equation at very high fields is corrected. Undesired behaviors associated with prior versions of the general Thermal-Field equation in the thermal-field regime are eliminated by properly identifying the maximum of the current density integrand and accounting for its shape. The methodology to rapidly identify the current density max...
Inducing the attachment of cable bacteria on oxidizing electrodes

Abstract. Cable bacteria (CB) are multicellular, filamentous bacteria within the family of Desulfobulbaceae that transfer electrons longitudinally from cell to cell to couple sulfide oxidation and oxygen reduction in surficial aquatic sediments. In the present study, electrochemical reactors that contain natural sediments are introduced as a tool for investigating the growth of CB on electrodes poised at an oxidizing potential. Our experiments utilized sediments from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, and we include new phylogenetic analyses of separated filaments to confirm that CB from this marine location cluster with the genus “Candidatus Electrothrix”. These CB may belong to a distinctive lineage, however, because their filaments contain smaller cells and a lower number of longitudinal ridges compared to cables described from other locales. The results of a 135 d bioelectrochemical reactor experiment confirmed that these CB can migrate out of reducing sediments and grow on oxidatively poised electrodes suspended in anaerobic seawater. CB filaments and several other morphologies of Desulfobulbaceae cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization on electrode surfaces, albeit in low densities and often obscured by mineral precipitation. These findings provide new information to suggest what kinds of conditions will induce CB to perform electron donation to an electrode surface, further informing future experiments to culture CB outside of a sediment matrix.
Cohesin Members Stag1 and Stag2 Display Distinct Roles in Chromatin Accessibility and Topological Control of HSC Self-Renewal and Differentiation

Summary Transcriptional regulators, including the cohesin complex member STAG2, are recurrently mutated in cancer. The role of STAG2 in gene regulation, hematopoiesis, and tumor suppression remains unresolved. We show that Stag2 deletion in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) results in altered hematopoietic function, increased self-renewal, and impaired differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing revealed that, although Stag2 and Stag1 bind a shared set of genomic loci, a component of Stag2 binding sites is unoccupied by Stag1, even in Stag2-deficient HSPCs. Although concurrent loss of Stag2 and Stag1 abrogated hematopoiesis, Stag2 loss alone decreased chromatin accessibility and transcription of lineage-specification genes, including Ebf1 and Pax5, leading to increased self-renewal and reduced HSPC commitment to the B cell lineage. Our data illustrate a role for Stag2 in transformation and transcriptional dysregulation distinct from its shared role with Stag1 in chromosomal segregation.
Strain-Specific Differences in Survival of Campylobacter spp. in Naturally Contaminated Turkey Feces and Water

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading causes of human foodborne illness, with poultry as a major vehicle. Turkeys are frequently colonized with Campylobacter, but little is known about Campylobacter survival in turkey feces, even though fecal droppings are major vehicles for Campylobacter within-flock transmission as well as for environmental dissemination. Our objective was to examine survival of Campylobacter, including different strains, in freshly excreted feces from naturally colonized commercial turkey flocks and in suspensions of turkey feces in water from the turkey house. Fecal and water suspensions were stored at 4°C, and Campylobacter populations were enumerated on selective media at 48-h intervals. C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were characterized for resistance to a panel of antibiotics, and a subset was subtyped using multilocus sequence typing. Campylobacter was recovered from feces and water for up to 16 days. Analysis of 548 isolates (218 C. jejuni and 330 C. coli) revealed that C. jejuni survived longer than C. coli in feces (P = 0.0005), while the reverse was observed in water (P IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading foodborne pathogens, with poultry as a major reservoir. Due to their growth requirements, these Campylobacter spp. may be unable to replicate once excreted by their avian hosts, but their survival in feces and the environment is critical for transmission in the farm ecosystem. Reducing the prevalence of Campylobacter-positive flocks can have major impacts in controlling both contamination of poultry products and environmental dissemination of the pathogens. However, understanding the capacity of these pathogens to survive in transmission-relevant vehicles such as feces and farmhouse water remains poorly understood, and little information is available on species- and strain-associated differences in survival. Here, we employed model conditions to investigate the survival of C. jejuni and C. coli from naturally colonized turkey flocks, and with diverse genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles, in turkey feces and in farmhouse water.
Editorial: A Spoonful of Injury Prevention Makes the ADHD Medicine Go Down.

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of disability and mortality in youths across the United States1 and globally.2 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with an increased rate of unintentional injuries in multiple countries, as reviewed in a recent meta-analysis of studies in youths.3 The study by Ghirardi et al.4 in this issue of the Journal adds to this literature by examining this issue within stratifications of injury and of characteristics of youths with ADHD.4 The authors accessed a very large sample (nearly 2 million youths) drawn from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters databases. They identified all youths in the databases with a diagnosis of ADHD or receiving an ADHD medication prescription from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2014, who presented to an emergency department with unintentional injuries. To determine the differential rate of unintentional injuries, they used a case-control methodology to compare youths with a diagnosis of ADHD or an ADHD medication with a control group of youths without an ADHD diagnosis or treatment matched on a variety of characteristics. Results of the population comparison not only supported the overall association, but also demonstrated an increased rate of unintentional injuries for both boys and girls and that youths with ADHD had higher rates of traumatic brain injury compared with matched control youths without ADHD.4.
Rescue of PB-resistant neonatal seizures with single-dose of small-molecule TrkB antagonist show long-term benefits

A recently characterized CD-1 mouse model of phenobarbital (PB)-resistant neonatal ischemic-seizures (i.e.; unilateral carotid ligation) was shown to be associated with age-dependent (P7 vs. P10) acute seizure severity and PB-efficacy (i.e.; PB-resistant vs. PB-responsive). ANA12, a novel small-molecule TrkB antagonist, rescued the PB-resistance at P7 in a dose-dependent manner and prevented the post-ischemic downregulation of KCC2, the chief Cl- extruder in neurons. The long-term consequences of this novel rescue-intervention with ANA12 + PB in P7 and P10 ligated pups was investigated and compared to the standard first-line protocol of PB-alone loading dose. The mice underwent neurobehavioral testing, 24 h video-EEG-EMG monitoring, and immunohistochemistry in ipsi- and contralateral cortices as adults following the neonatal interventions. ANA12 + PB rescued the emergence of hyperactivity in post-ischemic P7, but not in P10 pups as adults. ANA12 + PB administration at neither P7 nor P10 significantly altered 24 h macro-sleep architecture in adults when compared to PB-alone. Behavioral state-dependent gamma (35-50 Hz) power homeostasis showed the most significant between-group differences that were age-dependent. ANA12 + PB treatment, but not PB-alone, rescued the loss of gamma power homeostasis present in P7 ligate-control but absent in P10 ligate group, highlighting the age-dependence. In contrast, PB-alone treatment, but not ANA12+PB, significantly reduced the elevated delta-AUC observed in P10 ligate-controls, when PB is efficacious by itself. These results indicate that the rescue of acute PB-resistant neonatal seizures using a novel intervention positively modulates the long-term outcomes at P7 when the seizures are refractory.
Transarterial Chemoembolization vs Radioembolization for Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases: A Multi-Institutional Analysis

Background Liver-directed hepatic arterial therapies are associated with improved survival and effective symptom control for patients with unresectable neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM). Whether transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium-90 (y-90) are associated with improved short- or long-term outcomes is unknown. Study design A retrospective review was performed of all patients with NELM undergoing transarterial therapies, from 2000 to 2018, at 2 academic medical centers. Postoperative morbidity, radiographic response according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria, and long-term outcomes were compared between patients who underwent TACE vs TARE. Results Among 248 patients with NELM, 197 (79%) received TACE and 51 (21%) received TARE. While patients who underwent TACE were more likely to have carcinoid syndrome, larger tumors, and higher chromogranin A levels, there was no difference in tumor differentiation, primary site, bilobar disease, or synchronous presentation. Nearly all TARE treatments (92%) were performed as outpatient procedures, while 99% of TACE patients spent at least 1 night in the hospital. There were no differences in overall morbidity (TARE 13.7% vs TACE 22.6%, p = 0.17), grade III/IV complication (5.9% vs 9.2%, p = 0.58), or 90-day mortality. The disease control rate (DCR) on first post-treatment imaging (RECIST partial/complete response or stable disease) was greater for TACE compared with TARE (96% vs 83%, p Conclusions In this retrospective multi-institutional analysis, both TACE and TARE with Y-90 were safe and effective liver-directed therapies for unresectable NELM. Although TARE was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay, TACE demonstrated improved short-term DCR, and both resulted in comparable long term outcomes.
Relationships Among National Tourist Destination Arrivals, Effective Governance, Environmental Performance, and Human Development

Competition among destinations for tourism steadily increased over the past few decades. Extant literature emphasizes tourist travel motivation, destination choice, decision making, and trends such as responsible tourism, medical tourism, and ecotourism. This study adds value with an empirical macro national approach that investigated relationships among tourist arrivals, national environmental performance, human development performance, and national effective governance (voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption). World Bank, World Economic Forum, and United Nations secondary data across 124 countries from 2016 were analyzed. Government effectiveness, political stability and absence of political stability and absence of violence, human development index and population were associated with the number of tourism arrivals. National environmental performance was not associated with tourism arrivals. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
Multiphonon Absorption in Chalcogenide Glasses

The“molecular model” of Lucovsky and coworkers for vibrational properties of chalcogenide glasses such as As2S3, As2Se3, GeS2 and GeSe2 suggests that multiphonon absorption in these materials should be analogous to overtone and combination vibrational bands in isolated molecules. A variety of experiments have been carried out whose results are in reasonable accord with this prediction. These include Raman spectra of As2S3 glass, measurement of the frequency dependence of infrared absorption in the multiphonon region for As2S3, As2Se3, and mixed As2S3-As2Se3 and As2Se3-GeSe2 glasses, and measurement of the temperature dependence of absorption coefficients in the multiphonon region for As2Se3 glass.
Heat-related illness among wildland firefighters

The 2019 bushfire catastrophe in Australia is only the most recent example of the increasing duration and intensity of wildfire events. In the past decade, the USA experienced 67 000 wildfires annually with an average 7 million acres burned. Over 34 000 US wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are engaged in arduous, high-risk duty, yet several features of this occupation limit our ability to understand the associated short-term and long-term health risks. For example, wildfire suppression activities are spread over multiple state and federal agencies, and most WLFFs are seasonally employed and assigned to multiple locations within a season. The mobile nature of firefighting, oftentimes in difficult terrain, further complicates the potential for observational occupational health studies in this population. In this edition of OEM , West et al 1 overcame these challenges with one of the largest to date field studies of WLFF physiological measures with directly observed work activity assessment. Among the many potential health risks for this population is heat-related illness (HRI). WLFFs may be at risk for HRI because they are engaged in long periods of arduous activity in hot environments with heavy fire-protective clothing. Occurrence of HRI has not been directly assessed in WLFFs, but …