cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Anabaena sensory rhodopsin transducer defines a novel superfamily of prokaryotic small-molecule binding domains

The Anabaena sensory rhodopsin transducer (ASRT) is a small protein that has been claimed to function as a signaling molecule downstream of the cyanobacterial sensory rhodopsin. However, orthologs of ASRT have been detected in several bacteria that lack rhodopsin, raising questions about the generality of this function. Using sequence profile searches we show that ASRT defines a novel superfamily of β-sandwich fold domains. Through contextual inference based on domain architectures and predicted operons and structural analysis we present strong evidence that these domains bind small molecules, most probably sugars. We propose that the intracellular versions like ASRT probably participate as sensors that regulate a diverse range of sugar metabolism operons or even the light sensory behavior in Anabaena by binding sugars or related metabolites. We also show that one of the extracellular versions define a predicted sugar-binding structure in a novel cell-surface lipoprotein found across actinobacteria, including several pathogens such as Tropheryma, Actinomyces and Thermobifida. The analysis of this superfamily also provides new data to investigate the evolution of carbohydrate binding modes in β-sandwich domains with very different topologies. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by M. Madan Babu and Mark A. Ragan.
Recent Advances in Preventing Adverse Reactions to Transfusion

The spectrum of adverse reactions to blood product transfusion ranges from a benign clinical course to serious morbidity and mortality. There have been many advances in technologies and transfusion strategies to decrease the risk of adverse reactions. Our aim is to address a few of the advancements in increasing the safety of the blood supply, specifically pathogen reduction technologies, bacterial contamination risk reduction, and transfusion associated acute lung injury risk mitigation strategies.
Emotions as Drivers of Wildlife Stewardship Behavior: Examining Citizen Science Nest Monitors’ Responses to Invasive House Sparrows

ABSTRACTGrowing evidence suggests wildlife stewardship behaviors might be affected by emotional dispositions toward particular species. To test this hypothesis, we studied wildlife management choices made by backyard citizen scientists (N = 448) involved in two North American bird nest monitoring projects. Our exploratory study characterized nest monitors’ efforts to manage invasive house sparrows, which compete with native songbirds for nesting sites, and examined the relative influence of cognitive and affective factors on management orientations. Results revealed that nearly all respondents engaged in some form of house sparrow management, and most respondents favored a combination of lethal and non-lethal management approaches. Core affect, emotional dispositions, and experiential variables were the primary drivers of citizen scientists’ management decisions, with anger toward house sparrows and firsthand contact with house sparrow damage as the strongest positive correlates of lethal management orien...
EV battery SOH diagnosis method based on discrete Fréchet distance

The power battery of electric vehicle may be limited by battery safety issues and power problems. The key points of this paper are firstly it combines discrete Frechet distance method with discharge curve identification method, and then it proposes a kind of new state of health diagnose method base on line testing platform. Through the CAN communication module, the system could control the power battery to finish on line full charge and discharge test. And also the system could get the actual operational status data to build life cycle databases of electric vehicle, which can predict the state of health diagnose. The results of the SOH could guide power battery safety assessment and balance maintain. Through analyzing simulation results between the SOH diagnose results with returned test data results, qualitative indicates the decline of EV battery.
Test Resource Allocation for Uncertainty Quantification of Multi-level and Coupled Systems

This paper develops analytical methods for test resource allocation that will aid in reducing the uncertainty in the system model prediction for multi-level, and coupled systems. The various component, subsystem, and system-level models, the corresponding parameters, and the model errors are connected efficiently using a Bayes network. This provides a unified framework for uncertainty analysis where test data can be integrated along with computational models and simulations. The Bayes network is then used in an inverse problem where the model parameters of multiple subsystems are calibrated simultaneously. This leads to a decrease in the variance of the model parameters, and hence, in the overall system performance prediction. An optimization-based procedure is used for resource allocation and those tests that can effectively reduce the uncertainty in the system model prediction are identified. The proposed methods are illustrated using two numerical examples: a multi-level structural dynamics problem and a multi-disciplinary thermally induced vibration problem.
FDA recognition of first-world drug regulators as means of relieving U.S. drug shortages

Arecent article discussed mitigation of a hospital’s shortage of a drug product by importation of an equivalent product from a foreign source.[1][1] That report revealed that some countries with high standards for pharmaceutical manufacturing have an ample supply of certain products that are in
The influence of consumer concern about global climate change on framing effects for environmental sustainability messages

It is becoming increasingly evident that current patterns of consumption are not sustainable in the long term. Clearly, the need to persuade consumers to adopt more sustainable lifestyles has never been more urgent. The present research contributes to our understanding of the effects of message framing by considering the potential moderating influence of consumer concern about global climate change within the context of sustainable consumption. The results of two experiments demonstrate that the US consumer’s level of concern for the message-specific issues moderates the strength of the framing effect; effects are larger when concern about climate change is low. In addition, when concern is low, more negative framing and a prevention focus have more favourable persuasive effects. The implications of these findings for consumer welfare and public policy are discussed. Sustainability is achieved when all people on Earth can live well without compromising the quality of life for future generations.(Jucker 2003)
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN PHLOX.

Plants of the red- and pink-flowered P. drummondii were introduced into a natural population of P. cuspidata. Their seeds were progeny-tested, and the percentage hybrid seed determined for each variant. Thirty-eight percent of the seed from the pink variant were hybrid compared to 13% of the red. The difference in hybrid production is best explained by corolla color. The self- and cross-compatibility of nine sympatric and nine allopatric populations were studied in the greenhouse. On the average, sympatric populations are more self-compatible than allopatric populations. Pollen germination is 13.7% vs. 7.3%, the difference being statistically significant. The self-compatibility differential was accompanied by a self seedset differential. On the average, sympatric populations are more cross-compatible with P. cuspidata than are allopatric populations. The germination of P. cuspidata pollen on sympatric P. drummondii stigmas was 13.3% vs. 9.8% on allopatric stigmas. However, the difference is not statistically significant. The presence of P. cuspidata has promoted reproductive character divergence in P. drummondii. The shift in corolla color and the increase in self-compatibility reduce the potential for gametic wastage and interspecific hybridization.
Bionomic Notes on the Hexapodous Parasites of Acrobasis rubrifasciella

Twenty-six species of parasitic insects were found attacking the caterpillar or pupa of Acrobasis rubrifasciella (Packard) at Eaglenest Lakes, near Ely, Minnesota. Viewed in terms of their bionomic relations to the caterpillar and pupal stages of this host, these parasites constitute the following 8 categories. 1. Primary, solitary, and endogenic in the caterpillar. Braconidae: Agathis calcarata (Cresson), Apanteles baldufi Muesebeck, Macrocentrus instabilis Muesebeck, Metconis indagator (Riley), and Phanerotoma tibialis (Haldeman). Ichneumonidae: Temelucha sp. and Diadegma comptoniellae (Viereck). 2. Primary, gregarious, and ectogenic on the caterpillar. Braconidae : Bracon variabilis (Provancher). 3. Primary, solitary, and ectogenic on the prepupa. Ichneumonidae: Phytodietus sp. probably burgessi (Cresson ). 4. Primary, solitary, and endogenic in the pupa. Ichneumonidae: Camposcopus aclerivorus (Rohwer), Itaplectis conquisitor (Say), and Phaeogenes phycidis Ashmead. Chalcididae : Spilochalcis delumbis (Cresson). Tachinidae (Diptera) : Nemorilla sp. 5. The Ichneumonidae: Scambus hispae (Harris) performed in 4 distinct relationships: primary and solitary in the caterpillar; primary and solitary in the pupa; primary and solitary on the prepupa; and secondary and solitary in the cocoons of 2 other parasites. 6. In this category I include the secondary, solitary parasites in cocoons spun by primary parasites of the caterpillar. Included are the Ichneumonidae: Gelis spp. (probably 3 species) from cocoons of 3 primary parasites, and G. tencllus (Say), from cocoon of an unknown primary parasite; the Eulophidae: Eupelmella vesicularis (Retzius), from cocoon of 1 parasite, and Pediobius tarsalis (Ashmead), from cocoon of 1 parasite; the Pteromalidae: Habrocytus phycidis Ashmead, from cocoon of 1 parasite, Habrocytus sp. from cocoons of 3 parasites, and Hypopteromalus inimicus Muesebeck, from cocoon of 1 parasite; the Chalcididae: Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh), from cocoon of 1 parasite; and the Perilampidae: Perilampus tristis Mayr, from cocoons of 3 parasites. 7. Secondary, gregarious parasites developing in cocoons spun by primary parasites of the caterpillar. Eulophidae : Elasmus atratus Howard, from cocoons of 3 parasites. 8. Secondary, gregarious parasites on pupae of primary parasite. Pteromalidae: Eupteromalus dubius (Ashmead), from pupa of Phaeogencs phycidis. A significant number of larvae and pupae of A. rubrifasciella and, incidentally, their internal parasites, are destroyed by predators, probably small mammals and insectivorous birds.
Development strategy on integration of agricultural scientific research system resources in Henan Province

Overall agricultural production capacity in Henan Province among the nation,holds the important position in the nation agricultural production.the country plays an important role in agricultural production.Integrated agricultural research system resources in Henan Province,to enhance technological innovation,accelerate the development of modern agriculture is of great significance.This paper Summarizes the main achievements of the agricultural scientific research system in henan province.strategic measures to promote technological innovation based on the proposed integration of research resources in Henan Province are put forward,in the analysis of factors for affecting the agricultural scientific and technological innovation.
Survey on health knowledge and behaviors among residents in Fengtai District,Beijing

Objective To investigate the status of health knowledge and behaviors among residents in Fengtai District,and provide a scientific basis for conducting health education and health promotion work. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method,27 communities / villages were randomly selected from nine streets of Fengtai District, then 100 residents aged 18 to 79 years old were selected from each committees / villages based sex and age ratio of Beijing residents population,total 2700 residents were investigated by a questionnaire survey finally. Results The overall awareness rate of health knowledge was 73. 24%,health behaviors formation rate was 68. 14%. The health knowledge awareness rates and health behaviors formation rate were lower among residents who was non-Beijing permanent residents,male,lower level of education,manual-based professional or low-income,and there had statistically significant differences( P 0. 01) among different populations. The awareness rates of healthy lifestyles, safety and first aid were higher, accounting for 79. 97% and 78. 09%,respectively. The awareness rates of chronic disease prevention and endemic disease health knowledge were lower,65. 74% and 60. 50%,respectively. Conclusion The overall health knowledge awareness rate was acceptable,but it was lower in specific population and specific aspects of health knowledge. Therefore,health education and health promotion targeted to specific populations and aspects of health knowledge was needed.
Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Case study: A seven-year-old boy presents with his mother for a routine well-child visit. He does not report any problems, his medical history is unremarkable, and he has no family history of heart disease or diabetes mellitus.
Intracranial blastomycotic abscess mimicking malignant brain neoplasm: Successful treatment with voriconazole and surgery.

Background Cerebral blastomycosis is a rarely reported disease, and in the absence of associated, underlying systemic infection, poses a great diagnostic difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging can sometimes provide equivocal information when trying to pinpoint a diagnosis. Classically, cerebral blastomycosis has been treated with amphotericin B. Voriconazole is a newer triazole antifungal with potential as a follow-up treatment of blastomycosis of the central nervous system after initial therapy with amphotericin B. Case description We describe one such case of a cerebral blastomycotic abscess, presenting in the absence of any systemic disease, which was initially thought to be a neoplasm. It was successfully treated by surgical resection followed by sequential amphotericin B and voriconazole. The patient did well with voriconazole therapy and was followed for voriconazole tolerance with liver function tests, which continued to be stable at 8 months past the initiation of therapy. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient was doing well and showed gradual improvement in a visual field cut, with no sign of recurrent infection. Conclusions Isolated cerebral blastomycosis can present a diagnostic challenge. In the absence of systemic infection, surgical resection followed by antifungal therapy is a logical treatment plan.
The relationship between glucose control and the development of diabetic nephropathy in type I diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and occurs in about one-third of such patients. The course of nephropathy has become better defined, with patients initially developing microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rates [AER] between 20 and 200 micrograms/min), then overt nephropathy (AER > or = 200 micrograms/min) and finally a decline in GFR eventuating in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although metabolic control has long been hypothesized as a contributor to the development of nephropathy, it is only in recent years that this hypothesis has been proven. A number of observational studies have shown correlations between glycemic control and the development of various levels of albuminuria and also declines in GFR. Several small, prospective, randomized, interventional studies and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) have now definitely proven that improved metabolic control that achieves near-normoglycemia can significantly decrease the development and progression of early nephropathy as well as other long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy and neuropathy. It is now conceivable that the achievement of near-normoglycemia plus the addition of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors if microalbuminuria develops may greatly decrease the numbers of patients eventually requiring renal replacement therapy.
Today's Adjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer: Who Should Receive What?

Breast cancer remains a major public health problem. Prospective randomized trials comparing therapies are essential to improve current therapy but, for those women unable or unwilling to participa...
Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a horizontal long axis (HLA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plane aligned to the long axis of the right ventricular (RV) cavity for functional analysis by comparing the measurement variability and time required for the analysis with that using a short-axis (SAX) image orientation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four cardiac MRI exams with cine balanced steady-state free precession image stacks in both the SAX and the HLA of the RV (RHLA) were evaluated. Two reviewers independently traced RV endocardial borders on each image of the cine stacks. The time required to complete each set of traces was recorded, and the RV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were calculated. Analysis times and RV measurements were compared between the two orientations. Results: Analysis time for each reviewer was significantly shorter for the RHLA stack (reviewer 1 = 6.4 ± 1.8 min, reviewer 2 = 6.0 ± 3.3 min) than for the SAX stack (7.5 ± 2.1 and 6.9 ± 3.6 min, respectively; P Conclusions: RV functional analysis using a RHLA stack resulted in shorter analysis times and lower measurement variability than for a SAX stack orientation.
Assessing Awareness of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) among Nurse Practitioners: A Pilot Study

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Steck MBW, Eggert JA, Parker VG, Crandall LA, Holaday BJ (2016) Assessing Awareness of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) among Nurse Practitioners: A Pilot Study. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 2:041 Received: December 29, 2015: Accepted: March 03, 2016: Published: March 07, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Steck MBW, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Steck et al. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 2016, 2:041
Destiny rides again: the reappearance of silicone gel-filled breast implant toxicity:

Background Twenty-five years ago attorneys representing ailing women in class action litigation against silicone breast implant manufacturers made the procedural error of defining silicone-induced toxicity in the courtroom before it was properly studied in the exam room. This aberrant methodology perverted the proper research process, rendered verification of any real disease elusive, and cemented the groundwork for a repeat public health crisis potentially affecting two million women in the USA who possess new silicone gel devices inserted over the past 10 years. Patients and methods Six women, previously well, aged 27 to 53 (mean 42), were recipients of the new generations of cohesive silicone gel-filled breast implants approved for general use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since December of 2006. They averaged seven years of total implantation time, and none experienced implant rupture. Results All six became ill on average 3.5 years from the time of implantation. By seven years the women manifested multiple types of skin rashes, polyarthritis, fatigue, protracted AM stiffness, myalgias, headaches, photosensitivity, hair loss, paresthesias, tinnitus, lymphadenopathy, chest pain, cognitive dysfunction, dry eyes, skin pigment changes, itching, muscle twitching, dizziness, nausea, easy bruising, and odor and smell sensitivity. Three of the four who were explanted noted improvement and/or resolution of at least 50% of their total disease manifestations. Conclusions These six women are representative of over 70,000 other breast implant recipients who, over the past three years, have had their new silicone devices permanently removed because of alleged gel-induced toxicity. The recurrence of this public health crisis has been fueled by manufacturers' research fraud, FDA ineptness, faulty informed consent, patient abandonment, proprietary manufacturing secrecy, misleading advertising, physician indifference, aberrant research methodology, and lax Congressional oversight.
The Role of Medicare's Inpatient Cost-Sharing in Medicaid Entry.

Objective To isolate the effect of greater inpatient cost-sharing on Medicaid entry among Medicare beneficiaries. Data Sources Medicare administrative data (years 2007–2010) were linked to nursing home assessments and area-level socioeconomic indicators. Study Design Medicare beneficiaries who are readmitted to a hospital must pay an additional deductible ($1,100 in 2010) if their readmission occurs more than 59 days following discharge. In a regression discontinuity analysis, we take advantage of this Medicare benefit feature to test whether beneficiaries with greater cost-sharing have higher rates of Medicaid enrollment. Data Extraction Methods We identified 221,248 Medicare beneficiaries with an initial hospital stay and a readmission 53–59 days later (no deductible) or 60–66 days later (charged a deductible). Principal Findings Among beneficiaries in low-socioeconomic areas with two hospitalizations, those readmitted 60–66 days after discharge were 21 percent more likely to join Medicaid compared with those readmitted 53–59 days following their initial hospitalization (absolute difference in adjusted risk of Medicaid entry: 3.7 percent vs. 3.1 percent, p = .01). Conclusions Increasing Medicare cost-sharing requirements may promote Medicaid enrollment among low-income beneficiaries. Potential savings from an increased cost-sharing in the Medicare program may be offset by increased Medicaid participation.
Agreeing to Disagree: Students Negotiating Visual Ambiguity Through Scientific Argumentation

Visual representations are commonly used as evidence for scientific claims. However, their potential for ambiguity can lead to multiple different interpretations. Both historical and contemporary cases exist of graphs that, by virtue of their ambiguity, have propelled public debate and misunderstanding of science. For instance, temperature graphs can be differently interpreted to support opposing views on global climate change; and questions over the choices of data and the formats of their displays have pitted designers against engineers over the causes of high profile space shuttle disasters. These examples demonstrate that a degree of representational competence is necessary to deal with ambiguity in visual evidence, and to ultimately engage effectively in scientific argumentation. This chapter considers the notion of ambiguity in graphs, and the skills necessary for engaging with that ambiguity in the context of scientific argumentation. I present an episode of dispute between two middle school students during a computer-supported inquiry project. Using the students’ argument over the interpretation of a graph of global temperatures, I illustrate how individual prior knowledge and expectations framed their differing interpretations, and how the same visual artifact served as evidence for their opposing claims. Analysis of this case highlights opportunities for learning to argue when instruction acknowledges ambiguity and legitimizes disagreement.
Reductio, Coherence, and the Myth of Epistemic Circularity

In the argument by reductio ad absurdum, we prove the conclusion by showing that its negation is inconsistent with the premises. I extend this argument pattern to probabilistic support, viz., if the negation of the hypothesis is incoherent with the body of evidence (in the sense of mutual reduction of the probabilities), then the body of evidence confirms (raises the probability of) the hypothesis. The following comparative form of the principle also holds: If the body of evidence is more coherent with the hypothesis than it is with the negation of the hypothesis, then the body of evidence confirms the hypothesis. The principle reveals that the charge of circularity that is still common in epistemology is misguided—for example, it is perfectly legitimate to confirm the reliability of memory by memorial evidence and the reliability of sense perception by sense perceptual evidence.
An unseen light: black struggles for freedom in Memphis, Tennessee

“Memphis presented a strange paradox,” the historian Gerald Capers wrote eighty years ago and quoted more than once in this enlightening anthology on the African American struggle for equality in t...
Structure of a critical metabolic enzyme: S-adenosylmethionine synthetase from Cryptosporidium parvum

S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet), the primary methyl donor in most biological methylation reactions, is produced from ATP and methionine in a multistep reaction catalyzed by AdoMet synthetase. The diversity of group-transfer reactions that involve AdoMet places this compound at a key crossroads in amino-acid, nucleic acid and lipid metabolism, and disruption of its synthesis has adverse consequences for all forms of life. The family of AdoMet synthetases is highly conserved, and structures of this enzyme have been determined from organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Here, the structure of an AdoMet synthetase from the infectious parasite Crypto­sporidium parvum has been determined as part of an effort to identify structural differences in this enzyme family that can guide the development of species-selective inhibitors. This enzyme form has a less extensive subunit interface than some previously determined structures, and contains some key structural differences from the human enzyme in an allosteric site, presenting an opportunity for the design of selective inhibitors against the AdoMet synthetase from this organism.
Pathways to Permanence: Legal Status Transitions as a Key Mechanism in Skilled Migrant Selection and Settlement.

Despite impassioned debates about immigration reform brewing in the U.S. government, researchers know remarkably little about how immigration policy shapes migration behavior. There is still much to learn about the composition of specific classes of admission, how long migrants stay in the United States, and the legal channels they follow to permanent residency or emigration. This paper takes a life course perspective on skilled migration to examine the micro-level processes and various pathways that lead to permanent settlement and emigration and identifies legal status transitions as a key sorting mechanism in processes of immigrant selection. I find that migrants who successfully underwent a previous legal status transition were more likely to pursue permanent residence, but also saw a wider array of avenues and options to obtain a green card. The mismatch in some migrants’ permanent settlement intentions and temporary legal status can lead to feelings of alienation and frustration in the immigration system and the U.S. labor market, driving some to emigrate or seek channels outside of the skilled migration program to obtain a green card. The findings of this paper deepen our understanding of the processes that shape selection effects among immigrants and highlight the need for more robust and granular longitudinal data on legal status indicators.
Interlaboratory Variability in Human Hepatocyte Intrinsic Clearance Values and Trends with Physicochemical Properties

To examine the interlaboratory variability in CLint values generated with human hepatocytes and determine trends in variability and clearance prediction accuracy using physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. Data for 50 compounds from 14 papers were compiled with physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameter values taken from various sources. Coefficients of variation were as high as 99.8% for individual compounds and variation was not dependent on the number of prediction values included in the analysis. When examining median values, it appeared that compounds with a lower number of rotatable bonds had more variability. When examining prediction uniformity, those compounds with uniform in vivo underpredictions had higher CLint, in vivo values, while those with non-uniform predictions typically had lower CLint, in vivo values. Of the compounds with uniform predictions, only a small number were uniformly predicted accurately. Based on this limited dataset, less lipophilic, lower intrinsic clearance, and lower protein binding compounds yield more accurate clearance predictions. Caution should be taken when compiling in vitro CLint values from different laboratories as variations in experimental procedures (such as extent of shaking during incubation) may yield different predictions for the same compound. The majority of compounds with uniform in vitro values had predictions that were inaccurate, emphasizing the need for a better mechanistic understanding of IVIVE. The non-uniform predictions, often with low turnover compounds, reaffirmed the experimental challenges for drugs in this clearance range. Separating new chemical entities by lipophilicity, intrinsic clearance, and protein binding may help instill more confidence in IVIVE predictions.
A comprehensive analysis of the electric field distribution in an electrodynamic screen

Abstract The electrodynamic screen, or EDS, has shown promising results in mitigation of dust accumulation losses in solar energy harvesting systems. In this paper, the electric field distributions in two EDS configurations have been thoroughly investigated. The analytical solutions for the electric potential and electric field distribution in the first EDS configuration have been provided and corroborated numerically using finite element analysis (FEA) software. The electrostatic model of second EDS configuration has been developed in the FEA software and its electric field distribution has been analyzed numerically. A comparison has been made between the two configurations regarding dust removal efficiency.
Music All Up and Down the Street: Listening to Childhood in James Baldwin’s Little Man, Little Man

This article takes James Baldwin’s only children’s book, Little Man, Little Man: A Story of Childhood, as a starting point to explore his theorizations of music, affect, and childhood. Based loosely on the lives of his nephew and niece as well as his own memories of childhood, the book follows children protagonists and friends TJ, WT, and Blinky as they play in the streets of 1970s Harlem. They jump rope, play ball, interact with their adult neighbors, and witness the effects of police surveillance and drug abuse on their community. Baldwin argues that, through these experiences, Black children grow up with the myth of American innocence quickly dispelled and are thus not naive to the past and present of the United States’ structural racism. Music is integral to Baldwin’s exploration of the affective contours of Black childhood. When community is threatened by white supremacy, music repeatedly enters the story to repair communal ties. To Baldwin, Black-identified musics (especially jazz and the blues) are essential to experiencing joy amid hardship and pain, and he uses the blues to communicate a metaphysics of blackness. Combining archival sources, literary analysis, affect theory, and Black studies, this article listens to the joys, fears, hopes, and pains of Black childhood that Baldwin renders audible. It complicates white notions of childhood innocence and shows music’s importance in experiencing joy and sustaining struggle.
Automated plaque characterization using deep learning on coronary intravascular optical coherence tomographic images.

Accurate identification of coronary plaque is very important for cardiologists when treating patients with advanced atherosclerosis. We developed fully-automated semantic segmentation of plaque in intravascular OCT images. We trained/tested a deep learning model on a folded, large, manually annotated clinical dataset. The sensitivities/specificities were 87.4%/89.5% and 85.1%/94.2% for pixel-wise classification of lipidous and calcified plaque, respectively. Automated clinical lesion metrics, potentially useful for treatment planning and research, compared favorably (<4%) with those derived from ground-truth labels. When we converted the results to A-line classification, they were significantly better (p < 0.05) than those obtained previously by using deep learning classifications of A-lines.
African American Young Adult Women’s Stories About Love: What I Want in a Long-Term Partner:

African American marriage rates have declined over the years. This qualitative study examines the ways in which African American young adult women describe their desires in potential long-term (pos...
Sediment infilling and geomorphological change of a mud-capped Raccoon Island dredge pit near Ship Shoal of Louisiana shelf

Abstract To restore degraded barrier shorelines of the Mississippi River Delta of coastal Louisiana, sand is dredged from high-quality borrow areas on the adjacent continental shelf. This dredging process generally creates a topographic low that facilitates the rapid capture of sediments. Our understanding of sedimentary processes and influences on seabed morphologic evolution is still limited. In this study, Raccoon Island dredge pit in a paleo-river channel on the Louisiana shelf was studied via multiple bathymetric surveys. Physical parameters include pit geometry and topographic change from post-dredging, and infilling sediment sources were analyzed. Raccoon Island pit was 100% filled up less than six years after dredging. The average infilling rate in the Raccoon Island pit was 1.10 m/year from 2013 to 2018. During the surveying period, the pit wall slope decreased by 6.8° within two years. The sediment infilling process in the Raccoon Island pit was likely under the combined influence of topography, wind-driven currents, storm waves, and the dynamic Atchafalaya River dispersal system. The Atchafalaya River reached high discharge in 2016, which likely contributed to a surprisingly high sediment infilling rate at Raccoon Island pit between 2015 and 2018. Raccoon Island pit is in a mixed texture environment in which the sandy pit was fully filled with mud. Mud is useful for marsh restoration but is not considered a quality resource for barrier island or beach restoration. Thus, the Raccoon Island pit is not regarded as a renewable resource for future barrier island restoration.
Resilience in a changing world: Indigenous sharing networks in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Global change poses challenges for remote Arctic Russian indigenous communities in the Republic of Sakha. On the basis of interviews from the village of Khara Tumul (Oymyakonskiy ulus) and city of Yakutsk, we illustrate the manners in which sharing networks may be used to enhance resilience in remote conditions as these communities confront climate change, industrial development and limited support from authorities. We identified the main carriers (givers and recipients), location, relationships and mediators, objects, and social and cultural meanings of sharing practices both in daily life and in the case of extreme events. The circulation of goods, money, information and people between cities and remote communities ultimately combines traditional values and modern technologies.
Athletic Trainers' Use of Support Systems for Balancing Roles as an Athletic Trainer and Parent.

Context Work-life balance is a topic of interest in the athletic training profession. Particularly for parents, managing work and home roles can be challenging. Social support has been identified as resource to improve athletic trainers' balance and quality of life and warrants further investigation. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the sources and perceptions of social support among athletic trainers with children. Design Qualitative study. Setting Collegiate and secondary school settings. Participants 32 athletic trainers working in the collegiate (12) and secondary school (20) settings participated in our study. All participants (19 female, 13 male) were parents and ranged from 25 to 72 years of age with 2-52 years of experience as an athletic trainer. Data collection and analysis Participants were recruited from a larger cross-sectional survey. A semi-structured interview was developed by the research team and reviewed by a peer expert in the field. Participants completed the interview protocol which included questions from numerous areas related to work-life balance. Data analyses were guided by research questions related to social support and used a phenomenological approach. The researchers immersed themselves in the data and engaged in a coding process. Researcher triangulation and peer review were used to establish credibility. Results Analyses revealed that our participants found social support in their work and home lives. Support was described by source (e.g., supervisors, coworkers, spouses, family, friends) and type (e.g., emotional, tangible, network). Participants perceived that support stemmed from understanding, flexibility, sharing responsibilities, and shared life experiences which aided in balancing their roles. Conclusions Athletic trainers valued social support and utilized different types of support to help create work-life balance. Support in the workplace, at home, and from the profession is necessary for athletic trainers who are parents as it provides a means to help balance roles and responsibilities.
Pickles and agrobiodiversity: a foodway and traditional vegetable varieties in Japan

Foodways are important in understanding the bio-cultural dynamics of crop diversity. This paper examines the example of tsukemono (Japanese pickles) and their importance for heirloom vegetables. Social histories of heirlooms and tsukemono were difficult to obtain, so various sources from archives, published reports, to interviews were used to stitch together the stories of the tsukemono-heirloom relationships. The paper finds that tsukemono has provided different opportunities for heirlooms. Tsukemono can enhance the taste and flavors of heirlooms. Pickling can make the best of heirloom’s unique tastes even when they are not suited for other uses. Moreover, certain tsukemono has historically been associated with important social customs like gift-giving and seasonal events. The theoretical contribution of this study is to analyze the foodway-heirloom relationships from the vantage point of the political economy of agrofood systems. It is not enough to say a particular foodway is important for heirlooms. The paper reveals the necessity of analyses that situate the heirloom- foodway relationships in the modern agrofood systems. Changes not only in agriculture but also in consumption, retail, and processing are crucial in understanding the heirloom-foodway relationship.
WHEN SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENTS LEAD TO SPINOUTS: EMPLOYEE ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNDER UNCERTAINTY, FIRM-SPECIFICITY, AND APPROPRIABILITY

We advance a theoretical framework of how entrepreneurial ideas of employees are commercialized as a function of their uncertainty, firm-specificity, and appropriability. We argue that as uncertain...
Truth-Detection in News Stories Presented with Correspondent Images

Fake news was widespread during the 2016 election year, particularly on social media platforms such as Facebook. Generation Z adults are turning to social media sites for news, with Facebook a leading source. Generation Z adults, who are civically engaged but may be politically naive, are the adults at highest risk of exposure to fake news. Whether information is true or false can be difficult to evaluate, and truth judgement is affected by processing fluency. When reading news stories, or other new information, processing fluency is affected by the presence of non-probative images accompanying text, and by the level of processing fluency attendant to the semantic-relation of those images to the text. Probative images have also been shown to affect belief. This investigation was designed to test how both probative and non-probative images affect truth detection among young adults of Generation Z, in the context of full-length, online news stories. We created a factorial design consisting of a 3 Text Veracity (true vs. false vs. mixed true and false) × 4 Image Content (true-supporting vs. false-supporting vs. non-probative vs. no image) fixed ANOVA. Results indicated that: 1) participants endorsed each story as true significantly more frequently than expected by chance; 2) participants’ truth endorsement was unaffected by the presence of images, or by the level of cognitive fluency promoted by the images; and 3) participants’ confidence in their endorsement was unaffected by the level of cognitive fluency promoted by the images, but instead by whether the participants endorsed the story as true. We conclude that the full-length news stories we used produced sufficient cognitive load to overpower the influences of image presence, and fluency. We suggest that upon endorsing the news story as true, participants experienced a form of confirmation bias, resulting in increased confidence in their endorsement. Future directions are discussed.
A Proactive Approach to Combating the Opioid Crisis Using Machine Learning Techniques

The use of big data analytics tools and Machine Learning techniques in identifying and predicting opioid use disorder is a relatively new and emerging area. Previous studies analyzing trends in the opioid crisis have identified an increasingly expensive and worsening epidemic. Many factors contribute to opioid use, abuse, and addiction. Opioid addiction is a complex disease involving various physiological pathways as well as environmental factors. There is some evidence to suggest that people with low education levels and high unemployment and poverty levels are at higher risk of opioid abuse. In this paper, we evaluated different conventional Machine Learning models including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression and advanced algorithms like Gradient Boosting. The models were developed to predict opioid abuse disorder using county-level education, poverty, and unemployment data. In contrast, the results suggest that populations with higher socioeconomic status are at greater risk of opioid abuse disorder compared to individuals with lowers. This can be attributed to underlying factors not previously captured increased availability of opioids and resources to acquire them. Identifying which areas and populations are at higher risk of opioid abuse disorder and underlying contributing factors will help inform judicious effective policies, programs, and solutions to tackle the worsening health crisis.
Use of Ensemble Machine Learning to Detect Depression in Social Media Posts

Depression is a common and severe medical condition which adversely affects your feeling, thinking and acting. Depression can lead to suicide. It can trigger a slew of physical and emotional issues, as well as a reduction in your ability to function at work and home. Globally, depression affects more than 264 million individuals of all ages [1]. Since the younger generation is more reliant on social media, analyzing posts on social media will benefit in detecting depression. This research work has proposed a system to detect depression using ensembled learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Also, the proposed research work has compared the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms and the best performing configuration gave us the accuracy of 96.35%.
Incentivizing Prescription Drug Switching to Reduce Patient and Health Plan Spending: A Microsimulation Model

Abstract Objectives Most spending for prescription drugs is on branded drugs that do not have direct generic equivalents but many of these drugs do have therapeutic alternatives within class. We estimate the potential savings from providing patients a financial incentive to switch from a higher cost drug to a lower cost, therapeutic alternative drug. Methods We used individual state-transition microsimulations to model medication use and spending with and without financial incentives over a 12-month time horizon with a healthcare sector perspective. Costs and utilization inputs were from individuals on branded insulins or multiple sclerosis drugs enrolled in a regional mixed-model health maintenance organization. Base-case model used a one-time financial incentive of $83 and $250 offered to patients on higher cost insulin and multiple sclerosis treatments, respectively, to switch to lower cost drugs within class. Results Savings per individual offered an incentive in the insulin and multiple sclerosis classes were, respectively, $84 (95% CI $46-$122) and $2,127 (95% CI $267-$3,987). Varying the incentive size and switch probability resulted in maximum savings of $712 at elasticity of 0.2 and incentive size $250 for the insulin drug class. For the multiple sclerosis drug class, maximum savings of $5945 was at elasticity of 0.2 and incentive size of $1000. Short time horizon makes our savings estimates conservative. Conclusions If programs such as financial incentives could encourage even a small proportion of patients to switch among drugs within therapeutic class, then substantial savings could be generated.
PrEP Use and Adherence Among Transgender Patients.

This cross-sectional study used 2012 to 2019 Oregon Medicaid claims to estimate the prevalence of PrEP use and identify determinants of high adherence across transgender and cisgender men and women. Gender identity (cisgender woman/man; transgender, assigned female sex at birth [AFAB]; transgender, assigned male sex at birth [AMAB]) was based on medical history and enrollment records. Proportion of days covered ≥ 0.80 was considered high adherence to PrEP. The association between gender identity and PrEP uptake or high adherence was estimated using multivariable logistic regression. 1555 PrEP users, including 171 (11.0%) cis women, 1171 (75.3%) cis men, 67 (4.3%) AFAB, and 146 (9.4%) AMAB individuals, were included. The probability of PrEP use per 10,000 people was highest in transgender groups (AMAB 546.8, 95% CI 462.4–631.3; AFAB 226.5, 95% CI 173.4–279.6), followed by cisgender men (20.6, 95% CI 19.4, 21.8) and women (2.6, 95% CI 2.2, 3.0). High adherence was significantly lower in AMAB recipients (72.6%) than cisgender women (86.0%) and cisgender men (82.2%). Among the 279 PrEP users with female on their enrollment record, 76 (27.2%) were AMAB, while among the 1276 PrEP users with male on their enrollment record, 35 (2.7%) were AFAB. This demonstrates the importance of surveillance methods that take gender identity into account in addition to sex assigned at birth. There were significant differences in PrEP use and adherence by gender identity. PrEP surveillance, outreach, and prescribing practices must consider gender identity-unique risk factors.
A System Concept for GNSS Augmentation Data Link

The advent of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is having a profound impact on surveying, mapping, and navigation. Nowhere is this more evident than in civil aviation. In addition to the capability for cost effective precise positioning and navigation, there is now the possibility to conceive systems based on this technology that for the first time can provide automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI), and collision avoidance (CA) functions at, and incremental cost to, the aircraft operator relative to the cost of a GNSS navigation capability alone. To accomplish the precise navigation and other functions a complementary data link is needed. Preferably this data link should enable the needed functionality, without the need for the government to create an extensive ground infrastructure or mandate artificially expensive airborne equipage. Instead, aircraft equipage should be driven by the system’s ability to deliver the desired user benefits with cost...