cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of saturniid moth sperm by a secretion of the male reproductive tract.

Abstract Whereas sperm under storage in the seminal vesicles of male Saturniid moths are essentially motionless, they become vigorously motile when ejaculated into the spermatophore. This activation is provoked by a certain secretion of the male's ‘common duct’. The amount of activator in the secretion of a male Antheraea pernyi is prodigious: an extract of a single common duct is sufficient to induce motility in the sperm of nearly half a million male moths. Activating substances could not be recovered from any other tissues or organs of either developing or mature male moths. Nevertheless, substances capable of activating pernyi sperm were obtained from the common ducts of diverse Lepidoptera, and even from the accessory glands of two Orthoptera. Provided that the dilution was not excessive, activated silkmoth sperm in vitro remained optimally motile in a wide variety of solutions having a pH between 5·8 and 7·8 and an osmolarity between 80 and 190 milliosmols. Motility was enhanced in the presence of added protein, but was completely inhibited by dilute concentrations of heavy metal cations. Motility was normal under anaerobic conditions, and even in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. Apparently the motility of silkmoth sperm can be sustained by glycolysis alone.
Unsupervised classification of MSS Landsat data for mapping spatially complex vegetation

The various stages in carrying out a monocluster block unsupervised classification using Landsat MSS data are described. Procedures for carrying out these various stages were found to be far from well-established for the type of terrain being investigated, which is rugged and contains many small land cover units. Two particular difficulties were encountered: first, that of precise ground location of pixels; and, secondly, that of objectively evaluating the results. Ways in which these can be surmounted are suggested.
Larry Heinemann: an annotated guide to selected resources

Purpose – This article's aim is to provide an annotated bibliographic resource guide for scholars researching Larry Heinemann, an author whose novels are frequently studied in association with Vietnam War literature.Design/methodology/approach – Searches were performed using a variety of bibliographic databases in literature and library science and the world wide web to discover interviews and literary criticism spanning 32 years of Heinemann's career.Findings – Though often controversial, Heinemann's works represent a significant and provocative study in the literature of the Vietnam War. Major themes in the literary criticism and interviews annotated emphasize the vulnerabilities of the working‐class, how returning and traumatized veterans reincorporate into society, American myths’ role in fiction, and gendering of enemies.Originality/value – No other annotated bibliography currently exists for those interested in researching or collecting Larry Heinemann's texts.
PROTECT VIRTUAL PROPERTY IN ONLINE GAMING SYSTEM

Massively multiplayer role-playing gaming (MMORPG) has become a very popular entertainment in Asia. Along with the success of the massively multiplayer role-playing gaming industry in Asia, online gaming-related crimes have grown at an amazing rate. Most of the criminal cases are related to virtual properties since markets have developed for the virtual properties giving them real world values. There has been little research and resulting technologies for MMORPG virtual property protection. In order to reduce the crimes and protect online gaming systems, one potential solution is protecting the virtual properties in online gaming systems. In this paper, we propose a virtual property management language to meter the use of virtual property. The language provides a framework for managing the use of virtual properties and recording the history of transactions to trace the life of virtual properties.
Ronald N. Jones, M.D., Editor-In-Chief, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 1989–2013

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease (DMID) originated as a quarterly journal in 1983 by Elsevier with Dr. William J. Martin as Editor-in-Chief (EIC). The journal originally solicited articles, and the first article in the first issue (Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 1–24) was on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing authored by Ron Jones. That first issue consisted of 88 pages in a small page format. In 1989, Ron was selected to replace Dr. Martin as EIC, thus beginning the “Jones Era” of DMID. In that year, the journal was almost 15 months behind in publication and had an impact factor of 0.863. Tackling this task with characteristic energy and organization, Dr. Jones increased the number and quality of the submissions, decreased the editorial turn around time, and moved progressively to a bi-monthly and eventually (1994) a monthly publication schedule. In the early 1990s, rejection rates were low (b30%) but gradually increased to the present rate of 69%. With improved manuscript quality and a favorable turnaround time (~13 weeks from submission to final
Anomalous water experiments with silica powders

Abstract Silica powders were exposed to water vapor in an attempt to produce “anomalous water” in quantity. Cyclic condensation and evaporation of water led, in one experiment, to a viscous high boiling liquid which dried to a glass having an infrared absorption spectrum and an X-ray diffraction pattern like the “anomalous water” in capillaries. Although no evidence was seen of Water II, the volatile decamer of H2O proposed by Deryagin, experiments continue to attempt isolation of that material. Salts formed in “anomalous water” are to be expected, for quartz surfaces are not as clean as formerly supposed, but normally have surface salts (usually of sodium) at a concentration of about 1015 ions/cm2. This is not enough salt per capillary to allow for liquid columns of salt solution with the observed “anomalous” properties. Either more salts are scavenged from nearby surfaces by capillaries to provide for such columns, or a substance such as Deryagin's Water II must be present. The mere presence of some salt is not sufficient to disprove the presence of Water II.
Antibodies against bacterial membrane proteins

Prior studies have shown that antiserum raised to the Escherichia coli J5 vaccine binds to three bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that are present on serum-exposed smooth Enterobacteriaceae...
The University of Kentucky Community College System: History, Current Status, and Future Challenges.

Established in 1964, Kentucky's community college system was developed within the framework of the University of Kentucky, and in that sense is unique among state community college systems in the S...
Laboratory medicine perspectives and bio-banking

The rapidly evolving fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics can benefit from bio-banks which help to quantify specific molecules, characterize them and to compare profiles. Laboratory medicine utilizes the chemical and physical properties of molecules to analyze them. Mass spectrometry using ionization & fragmentation, magnetic resonance methods and deep sequencing are rapidly evolving in the field of molecular characterization. An introduction was given about working principles of systems such as Triple Quadrupole MS, LTQ Orbitrap, Electron Transfer Dissociation & Collision activated dissociation all of which help in genomic sequencing, peptide sequencing and identification of other probable biomarker molecules. A properly collected and stored sample will facilitate the future analysis of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of the individual. There are issues faced in determining and maintaining optimal conditions for collection and storage of samples. There is also the issue of false positive and false negative results to the tune of 3% in genetic testing. There is a need for issuing frequent advisories regarding technological advances that will help proper collection and storage of samples as it is important in the validation aspect of exposure concept.
Anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor for solid nitrogen

Abstract The chemical shift anisotropy of the nitrogen molecule in solid nitrogen at 4.2 K has been measured by 15N NMR of a sample enriched to 99.5% 15N. The NMR powder pattern spectrum consists of a Pake doublet, due to the intramolecular dipolar interaction, superposed on the chemical shift. The spectrum was studied as a function of magnetic field and it is pointed out that the reversal of one-half of the Pake doublet, which occurs with increasing field, provides a simple and sensitive way to measure the chemical shift anisotropy. Computer simulation of the lineshape yields 〈σ∥ − σ⊥〉 = 520 ± 20 ppm, as averaged by zero-point motion in the crystal. The chemical shift anisotropy of a static molecule is given by 〈σ∥ − σ ⊥ 〉 ζ where ζ, the orientational order parameter, has the value 0.866 ± 0.009 at 0 K for 15N2. The static result is σ∥ − σ⊥ = 603 ± 28 ppm, which is in good agreement with an estimated value based on a molecular beam measurement of the spin-rotational interaction and ab initio calculations.
Recent advances and future prospects in fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy

Abstract Various approaches which manipulate the physical and chemical microenvironment of lumiphors are outlined and examples given of surfactant, microcrystalline and cyclodextrin molecular organization. These methodologies can give improved selectivity, and in some cases, enhanced fluorescence and/or phosphorescence intensities. Complimentary methods of generating luminescence via targeted energy transfer, namely, sensitized room temperature phosphorescence and chemiluminescence, are briefly discussed. The power of non-clasical luminescence techniques to produce more useful analytical results is illustrated for micelle-enhanced/sensitized room temperature phosphorescence, a liquid chromatographic/micelle-stabilized phosphorescence detector, and synchronous wavelength scanning/second derivative/micelle-stabilized phosphorescence. The combination of computer-assisted instrumentation and organized chemical microenvironments to obtain the total luminescence spectral profile should provide attomolar sensitivities, and selectivity without prior separation of mixtures on a more routine basis in the near future.
The prognostic significance of central hemodynamics in patients with cardiac amyloidosis

Background: The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis often requires a right heart catheterization with an endomyocardial biopsy. Although the central hemodynamics of the three main types of cardiac amy...
Changing Racial Attitudes in Zimbabwe Colonial/Post-Colonial Dynamics

This article focuses on racial attitudes in post-colonial Zimbabwe as revealed in letters to the editor, published in one of the country's weekly newspapers from the late 1980s through the 1990s. These data revealed that African authors were the consistent majority during this period and focused on their institutional needs, becoming increasingly critical of their government. White authors, on the other hand, remained the minority and emphasized the maintenance of institutional standards and efficiency, remaining consistently skeptical of the country's Black government. The analysis concludes by addressing the theoretical and policy implications of these results.
Radiocarbon chronology of Lake Bonneville, Eastern Great Basin, USA

Abstract Lake Bonneville occupied a series of connected topographically-closed structural basins in the eastern Great Basin from about 30 ka to 12 ka. The following synthesis of Lake Bonneville history is based on a critical evaluation of the stratigraphic and geomorphic contexts of 83 radiocarbon ages of a variety of samples, including wood, charcoal, dispersed organic matter, mollusk shells, and tufa. The lake began to rise from levels close to average Holocene levels after about 28 ka. By 22 ka it had transgressed approximately 100 m; between 22 and 20 ka it regressed about 45 m in the Stansbury oscillation and the Stansbury shoreline was formed. Transgression after 20 ka proceeded in two phases—a rapid phase from 20 to 18 ka, and a slower phase from 18 to 15 ka. The lake overflowed intermittently at its highest level (the Bonneville shoreline) from about 15 to 14.5 ka, then catastrophically dropped 100 m during the Bonneville Flood to the level of the Provo shoreline, which it occupied until about 14 ka. Subsequent closed-basin regression was rapid and complete by 12 ka, and was followed by a modest transgression to form the Gilbert shoreline between 10.9 and 10.3 ka. The Lake Bonneville record is an accurate proxy of the changing water balance in the Bonneville basin during the late Pleistocene, although the nature of the climatic changes during this period are still uncertain.
Statistical Model for the Ar + -on-Ar Collision

This paper introduces a model to describe and predict the preceding experimental results on ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$\char22{}Ar scattering. In considering a number of collisions in a data set it is assumed that there is a distribution among the inelastic energies of the atoms after the collision. It is further assumed that the energy received by one atom is not correlated with the energy received by the other atom in the same collision. The model, whose distribution widths are fitted to the data, predicts the average inelastic energy loss ${\overline{Q}}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ associated with a collision which results in one atom becoming $m$ times ionized and the other $n$ times ionized. The relative abundance ${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ of the ($m, n$) reaction is also predicted. The values of ${\overline{Q}}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ and ${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ so predicted agree well with the data. The model allows derivation from the data of the probability ${P}_{i}$ that an atom, which received a particular inelastic energy $E$, subsequently becomes $i$ times ionized. These derived ${P}_{i}(E)$ curves are rather similar in form to those which have been calculated by Russek. Under some circumstances there is a triply peaked structure to the inelastic energies transferred in these collisions. This structure is explained within the framework of the present model. Indirect evidence is presented that in the more violent collisions there may be one fast electron emitted per atom whose kinetic energy is a sizeable fraction of the inelastic energy.
Humans robustly adhere to dynamic walking principles by harnessing motor abundance to control forces

Human walking dynamics are typically framed in the context of mechanics and energetics rather than in the context of neuromuscular control. Dynamic walking principles describe one helpful theoretical approach to characterize efficient human walking mechanics over many steps. These principles do not, however, address how such walking is controlled step-by-step despite small perturbations from natural variability. Our purpose was to identify neuromechanical control strategies used to achieve consistent and robust locomotion despite natural step-to-step force variability. We used the uncontrolled manifold concept to test whether human walkers select combinations of leading and trailing leg-forces that generate equivalent net-force trajectories during step-to-step transitions. Subjects selected leading and trailing leg-force combinations that generated consistent vertical net-force during step-to-step transitions. We conclude that vertical net-force is an implicit neuromechanical goal of human walking whose trajectory is stabilized for consistent step-to-step transitions, which agrees with the principles of dynamic walking. In contrast, inter-leg-force combinations modulated anterior-posterior net-force trajectories with each step to maintain constant walking speed, indicating that a consistent anterior-posterior net-force trajectory is not an implicit goal of walking. For a more complete picture of hierarchical locomotor control, we also tested whether each individual leg-force trajectory was stabilized through the selection of leg-force equivalent joint-torque combinations. The observed consistent vertical net-force trajectory was achieved primarily through the selection of joint-torque combinations that modulated trailing leg-force during step-to-step transitions. We conclude that humans achieve robust walking by harnessing inherent motor abundance of the joints and legs to maintain consistent step-by-step walking performance.
Lens membrane fraction associated intermediate filaments of different aged rats.

Purpose. To describe the intermediate filament proteins vimentin, filensin and phakinin associated with different fractions isolated from neonatal, 10 day old and 20 day old rat lenses. Methods. Fractions were isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation of lens homogenates from neonatal, 10 day old and 20 day old rats. Aliquots of the 8M urea soluble proteins of each fraction were separated by SDS PAGE, transferred to PVDF membranes, the membranes were probed with antibodies to vimentin, filensin or phakinin, and analyzed by computer. Results. Over the 20 day growth period, the water soluble fraction increased and the most abundant membrane fraction was characterized by a significant increase in its urea insoluble protein and a significant decrease in its urea soluble protein. There were no significant quantitative changes in any of the other fractions. The concentration of each intermediate filament protein was greatest in the cytoskeletal fraction and over the 20 day period, the amount ...
Erratum to: Clostridium difficile outcomes difficult to generalize

After publication of this letter [1], the authors noticed that the author name Khenj-Jim Lim should instead be stated as Kheng-Jim Lim.
Abdominal wall port site metastasis after robotically staged endometrial carcinoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION The incidence of port-site metastasis following robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy is unknown.
Visible Light‐Induced Release of Nitrogen Monoxide from a Nitrosylrhodium Complex

The important roles that nitric oxide (NO) plays in biological environments, and the need for precise and targeted delivery of NO for medicinal and other purposes have led to intense research in the area of metal nitrosyl complexes as thermal and photochemical sources of NO. Complexes with a good combination of chemical stability and high quantum yield for photochemical release of NO upon irradiation with visible light in aqueous solutions are rare. Here we report that a simple macrocyclic nitrosylrhodium complex [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh(NO)](2+) (L(2)=Me(6)[14]aneN(4)) exhibits unique chemical and photochemical properties that make it an excellent photochemical precursor of NO. The complex is highly soluble in water, thermally stable, and resistant toward O(2). Irradiation in the 648 nm band generates NO and [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh](2+) in aqueous solutions with a quantum yield of 1.00±0.07, the highest ever reported for a nitrosyl complex under any conditions. In the absence of O(2), the two fragments combine to regenerate [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh- (NO)](2+), but in O(2)-containing solutions, [L(2)(H(2)O)RhOO](2+) is formed as determined in spectral and kinetic measurements. The kinetics of the reaction of this superoxo complex with NO were measured by laser flash photolysis, k=(3.9±0.4)×10(7) M(-1) s(-1). Steady-state photolysis of [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh(NO)](2+) under O(2) yielded [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh(ONO(2))](2+), a long-lived nitrato intermediate that can also be generated in a direct reaction between NO and genuine [L(2)(H(2)O)RhOO](2+). Thus, visible-light photolysis of the [L(2)(H(2)O)Rh(NO)](2+)/O(2) system converts it to the [L(2)(H(2)O)RhOO](2+)/NO combination.
High-iron ferric glass

Abstract Iron commonly exists as an equilibrium mixture of ferrous ions, Fe 2+ , and ferric ions, Fe 3+ , in glass. Fe 3+ is a strong absorber of ultraviolet light and imparts a yellow color to glass, while Fe 2+ has an absorption band in the near-infrared, resulting in a blue coloration. This study synthesized soda-lime-silicate glasses with high iron contents (1–3 wt%) in which virtually all the iron was fully oxidized to the ferric redox state, resulting in a UV-absorbing, yellow glass. The effectiveness of three common oxidizing agents (cerium, manganese, and antimony) to react with Fe 2+ in these high-iron glasses was determined as a function of the processing temperature (1200–1400 °C). Cerium was the best oxidizer at the highest iron contents (3 wt%), while manganese was more effective at the lowest iron contents (1 wt%).
Multiwire proportional chambers for biomedical application

Abstract Multiwire proportional chambers with delay-line readouts, currently used for particle trajectory measurements in high-energy physics, are being adapted for a variety of biomedical applications including X-radiography, neutron radiography, and radioisotope imaging. This paper describes chamber-design features and gives calculated and measured efficiency and resolution data. Sample radiographic images taken with prototype chambers are shown.
A process model of natural attenuation in drainage from a historic mining district

A process model was used to better understand the controls on the chemical evolution of drainage in a historic mining district. At the Pecos Mine Operable Unit, New Mexico, drainage near the waste rock pile is acidic (pH varies from 3.0--5.0) and carries high concentrations of Zn, Al, Cu and Pb. As drainage flows toward the Pecos River, pH increases to greater than 7 and heavy metal content decreases. A process model of natural attenuation in this drainage shows the main controls on pH are reaction with a local bedrock that contains limestone, and concurrent mixing with tributary streams. Models that account for both calcite dissolution and mixing reproduce the observed decrease in aqueous metal concentrations with increasing pH. Contaminant concentrations attenuate primarily via two distinct pathways: Al, Cu, Fe and Pb precipitate directly from solution, whereas Zn, Mg, Mn and SO{sub 4} concentrations decrease primarily through dilution. Additionally, Pb adsorbs to precipitating hydroxide surfaces.
Pt(PEt3)(κ2-P,C-PEt2CHMe)(C6Cl5): An Unexpected Intermediate in the Synthesis of cis-Pt(PEt3)2(Cl)(C6Cl5)

Addition of 1 to 6 equiv of LiC6Cl5 to cis-Pt(PEt3)2Cl2 gives the unexpected phosphine ligand C−H bond activation product Pt(PEt3)(κ2-P,C-PEt2CHMe)(C6Cl5) (1). Aqueous HCl addition to 1 gives the previously reported product of the reaction, cis-Pt(PEt3)2(Cl)(C6Cl5) (2).
Analysis of casein fractions by zone electrophoresis in concentrated urea.

Abstract Disaggregation of casein by concentrated solutions of urea reveals many new components upon starch-gel electrophoresis. When individual bands are cut out of the gel, eluted, and the protein again analyzed by electrophoresis, the bands appear in the same positions as before: therefore single components do not produce multiple bands. Samples of whole casein prepared in three different ways (acid precipitation, Na 2 SO 4 precipitation, sedimentation of the casein micelles) give the same starch-gel analyses; thus it is not likely that new components are produced during preparation. Caseins from three individual cows (two of β-lactoglobulin type A, one of type B) show the same starch-gel patterns as casein from pooled milk. A component can be identified by the relative distance its band has moved from the starting slot, and so the components are numbered by their relative band positions. Most of the new components are found in the α fraction of casein; the β fraction is relatively homogeneous. The system of alcohol fractionation used by Hipp et al. to prepare α-, β-, and γ -caseins achieves some separation of the components within the α fraction; samples of “ α -casein” prepared by different methods are likely to differ. Study of the “soluble casein” fractions of Waugh and von Hippel shows an enrichment of κ -casein in fraction S, but not a clear separation. Starch-gel analysis has been used to study the action of rennin on whole casein. The results confirm the conclusion of Waugh and von Hippel that κ -casein is the only component attacked in the primary reaction.
Responsivity of infrared antenna-coupled microbolometers for air-side and substrate-side illumination

Abstract The response of an antenna-coupled microbolometer fabricated on a Si wafer coated on both sides with thin films of SiO2 was measured for two types of illumination: through the substrate and from the air side. The measurement was performed in the spectral range from 9.22 to 10.84 μm. Both cases are modeled by using the transmission, reflection, and absorption properties of the three-layer wafer. The spectral characteristics of the SiO2 thin film play a major role in the response of the detector. The responses of the sensor to the parallel and perpendicular polarizations are modeled by using two main contributions: the heating by absorption in the SiO2 layer and the coupling of incident flux on the bolometer. Fitting this model to the experimental data allows us to conclude that the antenna response is the result of the incident flux coming from the substrate side. When the device is illuminated from the air side, the antenna signal results from the flux reflected at the film/substrate interface. The efficiencies of the contributions to the antenna signal coming from the substrate or from the air side have been obtained from the data fitted with the model. The substrate-side contribution is 50 times larger than the air-side contribution, confirming the theory of lithographic antenna on a dielectric substrate.
Macrophage-secreted prostaglandin E2 potentiates immune complex-induced B cell unresponsiveness.

Immune complexes (IC) are potent modulators of immune responses. In this report, we used an in vitro murine model system to investigate how two types of accessory cells pulsed with IC regulated B cell function. We demonstrate that IC-pulsed macrophages (MΦ) induce hapten-specific B cell unresponsiveness, whereas IC-pulsed splenic lymphoid dendritic cells (LDC) and an LDC-like tumor line caused an augmention of the antibody response. The mechanism by which IC-pulsed MΦ diminished antibody production required two signals. The first was an antigen-specific signal supplied by the IC, and the second a nonspecific co-factor which was a product of MΦ cyclo-oxygenase metabolism. Specifically, it was shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) could function as this co-factor. Interestingly, other prostanoids, such as PGF2α, did not function in this fashion. Purified fluorescein (FL+)-specific B cells pulsed with IC exhibited a similar pattern of hapten-specific unresponsiveness. Treatment of accessory cell-free, FL+ B cells with PGE2 rendered them sensitive to subtolerogenic doses of soluble IC. Overall, our results suggest that one mechanism by which unresponsiveness can be induced involves both IC and PGE2, and that elevated levels of PGE2 sensitize B lymphocytes to antigen-specific tolerogenic signals.
Physical studies on the replication of DNA in vitro.

The synthetic DNA copolymers dAT‡ and dA BU ¯ have been used to study the replication of primer DNA by the DNA-synthesizing enzyme from E. coli. dAT was used as primer for the synthesis of dA BU ¯ and vice versa. The two copolymers are well separated by density gradient centrifugation and also give separate melting curves in low salt. Density gradient analysis shows two stages in synthesis : molecules of hybrid density are synthesized in the first stage and a product free from primer is made in the second stage. These results do not support a dispersive mechanism for replication. Synthesis begins promptly on most of the primer molecules and proceeds gradually, so that intermediate stages in the synthesis of new molecules are observed. Optical density melting curves provide strong support for a semi-conservative mechanism of replication. Hybrid base-pairs are formed in the first stage of synthesis, as shown by the presence of a hybrid melting zone, and product base-pairs are formed in the second stage. When dAT is used as primer for the synthesis of a small amount of dA BU ¯ (5%), more than half the primer is prevented from melting until the hybrid melting zone is reached. This suggests that small amounts of dA BU ¯ are added covalently at the growing ends of dAT strands, forming dAT : dA BU ¯ base-pairs at the ends of the dAT : dAT helix, and that melting begins at the ends of strands.
Administrating a Right Life: Secular and Spiritual Guidance at Solovki Monastery in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

The spiritual and economic endeavors of Russian monasteries in the pre-modern period have often been studied as separate issues by scholars researching the internal life and/or impact of cloisters in a particular region. However, these two areas of monastic life worked not just in tandem, but were mutually supportive as can be observed in the responsibilities and duties of monastic leaders and officers. Solovki Monastery, with its extensive wealth and strong spiritual leadership in northern Russia, provides an excellent example for exploring the manner in which spiritual leadership and spiritual labor dovetailed with economic responsibilities and labors. A broad variety of economic records as well as pious literature and instructional texts provide evidence for the merged spiritual and temporal/economic roles of the leaders, cellarers, treasurers, bailiffs, and other individuals and groups that had designated duties or titles within the cloister. It can be observed that spiritual power and economic success were considered mutually reinforcing among the monks and the surrounding population of Solovki, and at other monasteries of pre-Petrine Russia.
Getting Focused without Cropping the Big Picture: The System Office in California.

The system office for the largest set of community colleges in the nation faces many challenges.
Application of a fiber Fourier transform spectrometer to the detection of wavelength-encoded signals from Bragg grating sensors

We describe an all-fiber Fourier transform spectrometer for decoding the wavelength shifts from a series of Bragg grating sensors. The system described uses an optical fiber Michelson interferometer with one arm wrapped on a piezoelectric driven stretcher capable of inducing a /spl sim/10 cm fiber length change. Passive polarization compensation is utilized which eliminates the possibility of random polarization fading in the interferometer causing apodization of the interferogram. This permits an all-fiber design without the need for speciality optical fiber or external polarization adjustments. A reference Nd:YAG laser is used to stabilize the interferometric scan in a phase-locked loop configuration by way of slow and fast feedback correction elements. A spectral resolution of >
Multiple granulocytic sarcomas in acute myeloblastic leukemia with simultaneous occurrence of t(8:21) and trisomy 8.

This report describes a rare case of multiple intracranial, extradural chloromas. A five year old African American male presented with headache, fever, and vomiting. The peripheral blood smear showed myeloblasts with Auer rods. The CTscan of the brain showed three intracranial, epidural lesions as well as son tissue masses in the retroorbital region and sphenoid sinuses. CTscan of the chest showed two paraspinal epidural thoracic masses. Pathology of the epidural intracranial mass revealed a granulocytic sarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis showed simultaneous occurrence oft (8;21) and trisomy 8. Following induction therapy, he is now in complete remission.
On ray and beam expansions for analyzing EM coupling into open-ended waveguide cavities

Summary form only given. The EM coupling into relatively arbitrarily shaped electrically large, open-ended waveguide cavities with slowly varying geometrical properties and with an interior termination, can be analyzed via HF approximations. The fields coupled into the cavity can be expanded in terms of a discrete set of ray tube basis elements launched from the aperture at the open end. It can be shown that the continuation of the source field distribution defined over the subaperture domain can be well approximated in terms of the fields of a dense grid of ray tubes originating from the phase center of each subaperture. Instead of launching ray tubes, it is possible to launch an identical set of spectrally shifted Gaussian beams (GBs) from the phase centers of the subapertures; typically, fewer GBs than ray tubes need to be launched in this phase-space. >
Placemaking in a translocal receiving community: The relevance of place to identity and agency:

Recent case studies of receiving communities have established that translocal immigrants are transforming their neighbourhoods, producing spaces of identity. While these studies have focused on the reshaping of local power dynamics, less attention has been given to the spaces, themselves, and the qualities that influence identity. This study utilises place identity literature, from environmental psychology, to explore the remaking of MacArthur Park, a public space at the centre of a Mexican and Central American immigrant community in Los Angeles, California. We find that new ‘place identities’ are influenced by the specific physical, social, and cultural elements of the park, as study participants attempt to maintain identities influenced by important places in their sending communities. The result is a park that has emotional significance for participants, significance that leads to agency – everyday and political practices – to protect the park, sometimes in the face of immense challenges.
Modeling of overhead transmission lines with segmented shield wires for signal attenuation calculation in power line carrier systems

This paper presents modeling methods for overhead transmission lines with segmented shield wires, as well as signal attenuation calculation for different coupling methods for use in power line carrier (PLC) systems. The purpose of this paper is to present a generalized method to model transmission lines with segmented shield wires, along with steps for signal attenuation calculation in the phase domain for different PLC coupling methods. Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) simulation results for signal attenuation are provided for comparison with the generalized model calculation results.
Partitions With Distinct Evens

Partitions with no repeated even parts (DE-partitions) are considered. A DE-rank for DE-partitions is defined to be the integer part of half the largest part minus the number of even parts. Δ (n) denotes the excess of the number of DE- partitions with even DE-rank over those with odd DE-rank. Surprisingly Δ (n) is (1) always non-negative, (2) almost always zero, and (3) assumes every positive integer value infinitely often. The main results follow from the work of Corson, Favero, Liesinger and Zubairy. Companion theorems for DE-partitions counted by exceptional parts conclude the paper.
A finite element method analysis of the role of interface behavior in the creep rupture characteristics of a discontinuously reinforced composite with sliding grain boundaries

In this study, the role of interfacial behavior in the creep cavitation and rupture characteristics of a discontinuously reinforced composite is investigated by using the finite element method and the results are compared with the results obtained for an unreinforced polycrystalline matrix material having identical grain morphology. Free sliding of the grain boundaries, a continuous nucleation of the grain boundary cavities, their diffusional growth and coalescence to form grain boundary facet cracks are fully accounted for in the analyses. Although the composites having failure at the interface exhibited significantly lower minimum creep rates, their rupture time could be as short as or even shorter than that seen for the unreinforced polycrystalline matrix material. In contrast with the behavior of polycrystalline matrix material, in composites after the formation of the first facet crack, resulting from the coalescence of cavities, a significant time is required for the formation of the other grain boundary facet cracks across the ligament to cause final rupture. Therefore, the life predictions based on the models of cavity coalescence on a single grain boundary facet or interfacial debonding will significantly underestimate the composite creep life.
The Dynamic Pricing of Next Generation Consumer Durables

Learning curve effects, aspects of consumer demand models e.g., reservation price distributions, intertemporal utility maximizing behavior, and competitive activity are reasons which have been offered to explain why prices of new durables decline over time. This paper presents an alternative rationale based on the buying behavior for products with overlapping replacement cycles i.e., next generation products. A model for consumer sales of a new durable is developed by incorporating the replacement behavior of a previous generation product. Pricing strategies for two product generations are investigated analytically and with numerical methods. Results indicate that durable replacement behavior leads to a wider set of optimal pricing strategies than previously obtained. Several empirical illustrations of industry pricing practices for successive product generations are also shown to be consistent with the theoretical results. Finally, various areas for future research are outlined.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score Is Poorly Predictive of Proximal Occlusion in Acute Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— Multimodal imaging is gaining an important role in acute stroke. The benefit of obtaining additional clinically relevant information must be weighed against the detriment of increased cost, delaying time to treatment, and adverse events such as contrast-induced nephropathy. Use of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score to predict a proximal arterial occlusion (PO) is suggested by several case series as a viable method of selecting cases appropriate for multimodal imaging. Methods— Six hundred ninety-nine patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study involving CT angiographic imaging in acute stroke were dichotomized according to the presence of a PO, including a subgroup of 177 subjects with middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion. Results— The median NIHSS score of patients found to have a PO was higher than the overall median (9 versus 5, P<0.0001). The median NIHSS score of patients with middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion was 14. NIHSS score ≥10 had 81% positive...
Sociocultural Versus Neoclassical Ecology: A Contribution to the Problem of Scope in Sociology

This paper attempts to reconcile the sociocultural and neoclassical approaches to human ecology. The sociocultural frame of reference emphasizes individual action. It has proven effective in studying phenomena such as land use within a city, but its effectiveness for studying properties of entire populations has not been demonstrated. The ecological complex is a frame of reference designed to study properties of populations. These two frames of reference are complementary rather than contradictory. The sociocultural approach is a microecological approach and the neoclassical approach is a macroecological approach. One can demonstrate the complementarity of these approaches by moving between the micro and macro levels of analysis.
A cis-Acting Replication Element in the Sequence Encoding the NS5B RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication

RNA structures play key roles in the replication of RNA viruses. Sequence alignment software, thermodynamic RNA folding programs, and classical comparative phylogenetic analysis were used to build models of six RNA elements in the coding region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B. The importance of five of these elements was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis of a subgenomic HCV replicon. Mutations disrupting one of the predicted stem-loop structures, designated 5BSL3.2, blocked RNA replication, implicating it as an essential cis-acting replication element (CRE). 5BSL3.2 is about 50 bases in length and is part of a larger predicted cruciform structure (5BSL3). As confirmed by RNA structure probing, 5BSL3.2 consists of an 8-bp lower helix, a 6-bp upper helix, a 12-base terminal loop, and an 8-base internal loop. Mutational analysis and structure probing were used to explore the importance of these features. Primary sequences in the loops were shown to be important for HCV RNA replication, and the upper helix appears to serve as an essential scaffold that helps maintain the overall RNA structure. Unlike certain picornavirus CREs, whose function is position independent, 5BSL3.2 function appears to be context dependent. Understanding the role of 5BSL3.2 and determining how this new CRE functions in the context of previously identified elements at the 5' and 3' ends of the RNA genome should provide new insights into HCV RNA replication.
Three-Dimensional Particle Simulations of Ion Propulsion Plasma Environment for Deep Space 1

Afully three-dimensionalparticle-in-cell simulationmodelwas developed to compute the ionpropulsion induced plasma environment for the Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft. Simulationsare comparedwith in- ightmeasurements of charge-exchange plasma from the ion propulsion diagnostics subsystem on DS1, and the results show good agreement. It is found that the plasma environment of DS1 is dominated by the charge-exchange plasma from the plume. For a typical ion thruster operating condition, the charge exchange plasma near the spacecraft surface has a density ranging from 106 cmi 3 near the thruster to 104 cmi 3 at the opposite end of the spacecraft and a current density ranging from 10i 7 A/cm2 to 10 i 9 A/cm2. It is shown that, for an interplanetary spacecraft with a moderate charging potential, charge-exchange ion back ow is through an expansion process similar to that of the expansion of a mesothermal plasma into a vacuum.
Drag reducing polymers improve coronary flow reserve through modulation of capillary resistance.

We have shown that drag-reducing polymers (DRP) reduce microvascular resistance and improve myocardial perfu- sion during coronary stenosis. We used myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and mathematical modeling to define the DRP microvascular effects. A non-flow-limiting left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis was created in 8 dogs. Intramyocar- dial blood volume, RBC velocity and flow in the LAD and circumflex (CX) beds were obtained from MCE at baseline, and in hyperemia, stenosis, hyperemia + stenosis, and hyperemia + stenosis + DRP. Microvascular resistances were calculated from a lumped-parameter model. During stenosis + hyperemia, LAD bed microvascular resistance increased ( p< 0.015), and capillary volume ( p< 0.002) and red cell velocity ( p< 0.0004) decreased relative to baseline. With DRP, during stenosis and hyperemia, LAD bed microvascular resistance decreased ( p< 0.04); there was an increase in capillary volume ( p< 0.007), RBC velocity ( p< 0.006), and flow ( p< 0.05). Decreased model-computed capillary resistance accounted for the reduction in LAD bed resistance after DRP. We conclude that DRP improve flow reserve during coronary stenosis by modulating capillary resistance. Primary modification of the rheological properties of blood to affect capillary resistance is a novel approach for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.
Does famine matter for aggregate adolescent human capital acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa?

To the extent that in utero and childhood malnutrition negatively affects later stage mental and physical health, it can possibly constrain later stage human capital acquisition, which is an important driver of economic growth. This paper considers the impact of famine on aggregate adolescent human capital formation in sub-Saharan Africa. We parameterize a joint adolescent human capital and food nutrition production function to estimate the effects of famine on years of primary school completed by individuals aged 15–19. Mixed fixed and random coefficient parameter estimates for 32 sub-Saharan African countries between 1980 and 2010 reveal that years of primary school completed by adolescents is proportional to the quantity of food and nutrition produced during childhood and in utero. This suggests that declines in food production and nutrition associated with famine in sub-Saharan Africa have large negative effects on the acquisition of human capital by adolescents and on long-run material living standards. Our findings show that there is yet another consequence to famine, a long-run reduction in adolescent human capital, and this should reinforce the case for strong food security programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.
The role of repeated sea-level fluctuations in the generation of shrew (Soricidae: Crocidura) diversity in the Philippine Archipelago

Repeated sea-level fluctuations during and prior to the Pleistocene had a dramatic effect on the distribution of land and connection among islands between the Asian and Australian continents. These cycles of connection and isolation have long been recognized as an important factor determining the distribution and organization of biodiversity in the Philippines. However, surprisingly few studies have tested for predicted patterns of genetic diversity derived from a Pleistocene sea-level model of geography. Here, we examine evidence for fit to such a model in a widely distributed lineage of shrews (Crocidura). The topology of relationships among Crocidura from the Philippines is concordant with a Pleistocene sea-level model, but (1) AMOVAs reveal that genetic diversity is explained at least as well by modern islands as by Pleistocene islands; (2) Mantel tests reveal a significant influence of isolation by distance; and (3) the degree of genetic divergence between some populations connected by dry land during the last glacial maximum reveals isolation that almost certainly predates the most recent glacial activity. We further employ multiple strategies for inferring time-calibrated phylogenies, but these result in widely varying time estimates for the invasion of SE Asian islands by shrews. Overall, our results suggest Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations have been an important, but not dominant factor shaping shrew diversity.
The first-order asymptotic of waiting times with distortion between stationary processes

Let X and Y be two independent stationary processes on general metric spaces, with distributions P and Q, respectively. The first-order asymptotic of the waiting time W/sub n/(D) between X and Y, allowing distortion, is established in the presence of one-sided /spl psi/-mixing conditions for Y. With probability one, n/sup -1/log W/sub n/(D) has the same limit as -n/sup -1/logQ(B(X/sub 1//sup n/, D)), where Q(B(X/sub 1//sup n/, D)) is the Q-measure of the D-ball around (X/sub 1/,...,X/sub n/), with respect to a given distortion measure. Large deviations techniques are used to get the convergence of -n/sup -1/log Q(B(X/sub 1//sup n/, D)). First, a sequence of functions R/sub n/ in terms of the marginal distributions of X/sub 1//sup n/ and Y/sub 1//sup n/ as well as D are constructed and demonstrated to converge to a function R(P, Q, D). The functions R/sub n/ and R(P, Q, D) are different from rate distortion functions. Then -n/sup -1/logQ(B(X/sub 1//sup n/, D)) is shown to converge to R(P, Q, D) with probability one.
Cosmological Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer condensate as dark energy

We argue that the occurrence of late-time acceleration can conveniently be described by first-order general relativity covariantly coupled to fermions. Dark energy arises as a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer condensate of fermions which forms in the early universe. At late times, the gap and chemical potential evolve to have an equation of state with effective negative pressure, thus naturally leading to acceleration.