cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain hardening effects on unloading spherical waves in an elastic plastic medium

Abstract The propagation of unloading shock waves in an elastic-plastic and strain hardening medium is studied on the basis of the deformation theory of plasticity and the method of characteristics. The load is applied suddenly at the surface of the spherical cavity. The effect of hardening on the decay of the shock strength of principal shearing strains, on the residual strains and the radial normal stresses is shown. A single parameter Gp/G is defined for the quantitative specification of the plastic and linear strain hardening characteristics of the medium.
A syntactic characterization of authorship style surrounding proper names

Accurately determining who wrote a manuscript has captivated scholars of literary history for centuries, as the true author can have important ramifications in religion, law, literary studies, philosophy, and education. A wide array of lexical, character, syntactic, semantic, and application-specific features have been proposed to represent a text so that authorship attribution can be established automatically. Although surface-level features have been tested extensively, few studies have systematically explored high-level features, in part due to limitations in the natural language processing techniques required to capture high-level features. However, high-level features, such as sentence structure, are used subconsciously by a writer and thus may be more consistent than surface-level features, such as word choice. In this article, we introduce a new high-level feature based on local syntactic dependencies that an author uses when referring to a named entity (in our case a person’s name). The series of experiments in the contexts of movie reviews reveal how the amount of data in both the training and test sets influences predictive performance. Finally, we measure authorship consistency with respect to this new feature and show how consistency influences predictive performance. These results provide other researchers with a new model for how to evaluate new features and suggest that the local syntactic dependencies warrant further investigation.
Using explicit output comparisons for fault tolerant scheduling (FTS) on modern high-performance processors

Soft errors and errors caused by intermittent faults are a major concern for modern processors. In this paper we provide a drastically different approach for fault tolerant scheduling (FTS) of tasks in such processors. Traditionally in FTS, error detection is performed implicitly and concurrently with task execution, and associated overheads are incurred as increases in software run-time or hardware area. However, such embedded error detection (EED) techniques, e.g., watchdog processor assisted control flow checking, only provide approximately 70% error coverage [1, 2]. We propose the idea of utilizing straightforward explicit output comparison (EOC) which provides nearly 100% error coverage. We construct a framework for utilizing EOC in FTS, identify new challenges and tradeoffs, and develop a new off-line scheduling algorithm for EOC. We show that our EOC based approach provides higher error coverage and an average performance improvement of nearly 10% over EED-based FTS approaches, without increasing resource requirements. In our ongoing research we are identifying a richer set of ways of applying EOC, by itself and in conjunction with EED, to obtain further improvements.
Generation mechanism of whistler waves produced by electron beam injection in space

Electromagnetic particle simulations are used to determine the generation mechanism of the whistler waves observed in connection with the artificial injection of electron beams in the ionosphere. The production of the waves is shown to be closely connected with the beam-plasma interaction, which leads to the formation of a current structure which acts like an antenna and emits the whistler waves in a coherent manner. This process, in contrast to a mechanism involving amplification of radiation by a whistler mode plasma instability within the beam, allows the whistlers to be generated even though the beam width is less than one wavelength.
RNase E‐dependent processing stabilizes MicX, a Vibrio cholerae sRNA

In Vibrio cholerae, bioinformatic approaches have been used to predict the locations of numerous small RNA (sRNA)-encoding genes, but biological roles have been determined for very few. Here, we describe the expression, processing and biological role of an sRNA (previously known as A10) that was identified through such analyses. We have renamed this sRNA MicX as, like the Escherichia coli sRNAs MicA, MicC and MicF, it regulates expression of an outer membrane protein (OMP). MicX appears to be a direct negative regulator of vc0972, which encodes an uncharacterized OMP, and vc0620, which encodes the periplasmic component of a peptide ABC transporter. Hfq is apparently not required for MicX's interactions with and regulation of these targets. The sequence encoding MicX overlaps with vca0943; however, primary transcripts of MicX are processed in an RNase E- and Hfq-dependent fashion to a shorter, still active and much more stable form consisting largely of the vca0943 3' untranslated region. Our data suggest that processing of MicX enhances its effectiveness, and that sRNA cleavage is not simply a means to sRNA inactivation and clearance.
An endogenous carrier-mediated uptake system for folate in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.

We investigated the existence of an endogenous uptake system for folate in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This was done by performing uptake measurements using [ 3 H]folic acid. Uptake of folic acid was linear with time for 4 h of incubation, and was similar in collagenase-treated and non-treated oocytes. The uptake process was carrier-mediated, as suggested by the saturation of folic acid uptake with concentration, and by the ability of unlabelled folic acid and its related compounds to significantly inhibit the uptake of [3H]folic acid. The apparent Km and U ax of the uptake process were 42 + 7 nM and 10.56 + 0.46 fmol per oocyte per 2h, respectively. The uptake of folic acid was independent of the presence of Na+ in the incubation medium, but was highly pH dependent with severe inhibition occurring at pH lower than 6.5. Folic acid uptake was energy- and temperature-dependent, and was significantly inhibited by the anion transport inhibitors DIDS and SITS. These results demonstrate the existence of an endogenous carrier-mediated system for folic acid uptake in Xenopus oocytes. Further characterization of the molecular mechanism of folic acid uptake and its regulation in this non mammalian in vitro unicellular system may prove useful in furthering our understanding of folate movement across biological membranes
Total-dielectric-function approach to electron and phonon response in solids

The interaction between two test charges, the response of a solid to an external field, and the normal modes of the solid can be determined from a total dielectric function that includes both electronic and lattice polarizabilities as well as local-field effects. In this paper we examine the relationship between superconductivity and the stability of a solid and derive sum rules for the electronic part of the dielectric function. It is also shown that there are negative eigenvalues of the total static dielectric function, implying the possibility of an attractive interaction between test charges. An attractive interaction is required for superconductivity.
Rate of responding as a function of ratio requirement when to supplemental feedings are given

Pigeons pecked keys or pressed treadles on variable ratio schedules in which they earned their total daily ration of food. Ratio requirements varied in five steps from 15 to 240 responses per reinforcer. Results were generally similar for pecking and pressing. Rates of responding increased with increases in the ratio requirement, but decreased with increases in the obtained rates of reinforcement. The amount of food obtained per session also decreased with increases in the ratio requirement. These results are generally consistent with Hursh's behavioral economics model and with Allison's conservation theory. They are not consistent with theories, such as Herrnstein's, which predict that rates of responding will vary as a direct function of rates of reinforcement.
Ozone Interactions with Human Hair: Ozone Uptake Rates and Product Formation

Abstract In this study, the cumulative ozone uptake, the ozone reaction probability and product yields of volatile aldehydes and ketones were quantified for human scalp hair. Hair was chosen because ozone reacts readily with skin oils and the personal-care products that coat hair. Due to their proximity to the breathing zone, these reactions can influence personal exposure to ozone and its volatile reaction products. Hair samples were collected before and after washing and/or application of personal hair-care products. Samples were exposed to ozone for 24 h in a tubular Teflon reactor; ozone consumption rates and product emission rates were quantified. The mean values of integrated ozone uptake, initial and final follicle reaction probability values for eight washed and unwashed samples were, respectively, 5.1±4.4 μmol O3 g−1, (13±8)×10−5, and (1.0±1.3)×10−5. Unwashed hair taken close to the scalp exhibited the highest integrated ozone uptake and reaction probability, indicating that scalp oils are responsible for much of the ozone reactivity. Otherwise there was no significant difference between washed and unwashed hair. Compounds (geranyl acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and decanal) associated with ozone reacting with sebum were observed as secondary products more frequently from unwashed hair than for washed hair and the summed yield of aldehydes ranged from 0.00 to 0.86. Based on reaction probabilities, cumulative ozone uptake and typical sebum generation rates, ozone flux to skin and hair is anticipated to be nearly transport limited, reducing personal exposure to ozone and increasing exposure to reaction products.
A New Norcembranoid Dimer from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sinularia gardineri

A study of Sinularia gardineri (Pratt) (Alcyoniidae), collected in the Red Sea, revealed a new heptacyclic norcembranoid dimer singardin (1). The structure of singardin was deduced by spectroscopic analysis. A known sesquiterpene, guaianediol (2), and the known cembranolides (1R,5S,8R,10S,11R)-11-hydroxy-1-isoprenyl-8-methyl-3,6-dioxo-5,8-epoxycyclotetradec-12-ene 10,12-carbolactone (5-epi-sinuleptolide) and sinuleptolide were also isolated. Compounds 1 and 2 show cytotoxicity to murine leukemia (P-388), human lung carcinoma (A-549), human colon carcinoma (HT-29), and human melanoma cells (MEL-28).
Pressure dependence of ionization efficiency in sputtering magnetrons

Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we show how electron confinement allows sputtering magnetrons to operate at lower neutral pressures than similar unmagnetized devices. We find that at both high and low pressures, the ionization efficiency in a magnetron is constant, and it varies by only 40% between the two regimes. In contrast, the efficiency of an unmagnetized discharge varies linearly with pressure, becoming very small at low pressures.
Prediction of infinite dilution activity coefficients using COSMO-RS

Infinite dilution activity coefficients (IDACs) are important characteristics of mixtures because of their ability to predict operating behavior in distillation processes. Thermodynamic models are used to predict IDACs since experimental data can be difficult and costly to obtain. The models most often employed for predictive purposes are the “original and modified UNIFAC Group Contribution Methods” (GCMs). COSMO-RS (COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) is an alternative predictive method for a wide variety of systems that requires a limited minimum number of input parameters. A significant difference between GCMs and COSMO-RS is that a given GCMs' predictive ability is dependent on the availability of group interaction parameters, whereas COSMO-RS is only limited by the availability of individual component parameters. In this study COSMO-RS was used to predict infinite dilution activity coefficients. The database assembled by, and calculations with various UNIFAC models carried out by, Vouts...
Optimal feedback controls

Optimal control problems governed by ordinary differential equations with control constraints that are not necessarily compact are considered. Conditions imposed on the data and on the structure of the terminal sets imply that the minimum is attained and that the value function is locally Lipschitz. A necessary condition in terms of lower directional Dini derivates of the value function is given. The condition reduces to the Bellman–Hamilton–Jacobi (BHJ) condition at points of differentiability of the value, and for a subclass of the problems considered implies that the value is a viscosity solution of the BHJ equation. A strengthened version of the necessary condition gives an optimal feedback control and a procedure for approximating optimal controls.
Distributing synchronous programs using bounded queues

This paper is about the modular compilation and distribution of a sub-class of Simulink programs [9] across networks using bounded FIFO queues. The problem is first addressed mathematically. Then, based on these formal results, a software library for the modular compilation and distribution of Simulink programs is given. The performance of the library is given. The value of synchronous programming for the next generation of traffic control is discussed. The adoption of these tools seems to be the natural candidate to address the needs of traffic engineers. As a case study we present an implementation in Simulink of a controller for coordinated traffic signals in an asymmetric peak hour traffic scenario and we evaluate its computational performance in a distributed environment.
Effects of gold thioglucose treatment on enzymes of glycogen metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle in mice

Abstract Portions of liver and skeletal muscles from GTG-obese and lean mice were analyzed for glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase activities, and for tissue levels of glycogen, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. Hepatic glycogen synthase activity in GTG-treated mice was comparable to that in control animals, but glycogen phosphorylase activity was increased and hepatic glycogen content was decreased in GTG mice. The activities of both enzymes in pectoralis muscle were comparable in both GTG-treated and control mice, and muscle glycogen levels were similar, as well. Triglyceride levels were markedly elevated in both liver and diaphragm from GTG-treated mice. The results suggest that glycogen synthesis in both liver and skeletal muscle is insulin resistant in GTG-obese mice, and that concomitant changes in lipid metabolism occur in these tissues.
Self spreading nodes using potential games and genetic algorithms

Dynamically changing topology, lack of centralized authority, nodes' selfishness, and unknown deployment terrain present difficulties in self spreading of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In these settings, game theory (GT) and genetic algorithms (GAs) are promising tools to improve the area coverage with reduced computational overhead. We present our node spreading potential game (NSPG) using a GA for MANET nodes to position themselves in an unknown terrain with obstacles. NSPG is a distributed and scalable game participated by nodes autonomously. The decisions about node movements are solely based on localized data where the best next location to move is selected by a GA. Our approach is suitable for real-life MANET applications since it requires only a limited synchronization among players' closest neighbors without a priori knowledge of an environment. We prove that NSPG converges to a stable state. Simulation results show that NSPG performs well with respect to convergence speed and adaptability to adverse terrain conditions such us arbitrarily placed obstacles.
Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co/sub 70/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 12/ perpendicular media

A lithographically patterned magnetic medium is one of the proposed routes to magnetic recording at a density beyond that thought to be possible using conventional recording media due to thermal instability caused by superparamagnetism. Using a focused ion beam to pattern a granular Co/sub 70/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 12/ film, we have fabricated sub-80-nm size islands that are single domain and with a narrowed switching field distribution and an enhanced thermal stability. Magnetic isolation of the islands is shown to be a result of vanishing of magnetic remanence and coercivity in the irradiated region and not a result of sputtering. Recording measurements using a quasi-static giant magnetoresistive head demonstrate the sensitivity to detect single 80-nm islands. The readback jitter from the patterned region is dramatically reduced compared to that measured for continuous media at the same linear density.
Measurement of renal pelvis pressures during endourologic procedures

Twenty-five kidneys underwent nephrostomy puncture with placement of a pigtail catheter into an upper pole calyx for manometric recording during nephroscopy without a working sheath and with an Amplatz sheath with and without a Rutner adapter. Intrarenal pressures remained below 16 cm of water (H2O) at all times with the Amplatz sheath with or without a Rutner adapter, whereas without a sheath the pressures ranged from 15 to 31 cm H2O (i.e., pressures associated with significant pyelovenous and pyelosinus backflow). Similar results were obtained in monitoring intrarenal pressures during clinical procedures. A working sheath should be utilized for all percutaneous nephroscopic procedures to minimize the incidence of pyelovenous and pyelosinus backflow as well as of perirenal extravasation of the irrigation solution. Even with a wide-lumen ureteral catheter in place, drainage via the ureter is not sufficient to maintain the intrapelvic pressure in the physiologic range.
Hamiltonian formulation of time-dependent variational principles for the many-body system

Abstract We discuss a canonical Hamiltonian formulation for the general time-dependent variational principle associated with the Schroedinger equation. It is expected that such methods will be useful for a wide range of systems including the many body problem and field theory. It is hoped that the canonical formulation will be an aid in identifying useful further approximation schemes for complicated systems; for example, the reduction to some sort of fluid dynamics for the many body scattering problem or the identification of suitable dissipation terms in a reduced description by the use of statistical arguments.
The Texas A & M K500 cyclotron facility

Abstract A K500 superconducting cyclotron, following the MSU design, has been constructed with funds provided by Texas A & M University and The Robert A. Welch Foundation. First beam was extracted in June, 1988, and the first experiments were performed shortly afterward in July using a PIG internal ion source. An electron-cyclotron resonance ion source was constructed and delivered first beam to the cyclotron in November, 1989, and experiments with injected beams began immediately. Experiments are underway with existing instrumentation and a 4 π neutron calorimeter constructed for heavy ion reaction mechanism studies. A diproton spectrometer for Gamow-Teller studies is nearing completion, and a recoil mass spectrometer and 57-element BaF 2 array are under construction.
The role of calcium in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide levels in brain slices of rat and guinea pig.

1. In rat cerebral cortical slices, the addition of EGTA to acutely lower extracellular calcium concentrations greatly reduced the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by norepinephrine while having little effect on the response to adenosine or N6-phenylisopropyladenosine. The inhibitory effect of EGTA on the response to norepinephrine was reversible. A prolonged 30 min preincubation of rat cortical slices with EGTA or merely with calcium-free medium produced a marked increase in basal levels of cyclic AMP which was inhibited by theophylline or adenosine deaminase. The increase in basal levels of cyclic AMP thus appears due to increased release of adenosine. The released adenosine potentiated the response to exogenous biogenic amines and thus complicated studies on the direct effect of extracellular calcium in cyclic AMP-systems in brain sclices. Elimination of released adenosine with adenosine deaminase reduced responses to norepinephrine in control slices and blocked responses to norepinephrine in EGTA-treated slices. Adenosine deaminase also reduced responses to phenylisopropyladenosine. 2. In guinea pig cortical slices the addition of EGTA to acutely reduce extracellular calcium increased basal levels of cyclic AMP and the response to norepinephrine, adenosine and phenylisopropyl-adenosine. The response to histamine was unchanged. Elimination of released adenosine with adenosine deaminase prevented the EGTA-elicited increase in basal levels of cyclic AMP and completely blocked the response to norepinephrine or histamine. Adenosine deaminase reduced the response to the amines in control slices but not that due to phenylisopropyl-adenosine. Cyclic GMP levels were increased 2 to 3-fold in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices by norepinephrine, histamine, and adenosine. These responses were blocked by the addition of EGTA. 3. The effects of the potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, isobutylmethylxanthine, on cyclic AMP levels in brain slices both in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium appear, like the effects of theophylline, to primarily reflect inhibition of adenosine-responses rather than inhibition of phosphodiesterase. The effects of another phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20-1724, on cyclic AMP levels appear to reflect both a Ro 20-1724-elicited increase in net efflux of adenosine and inhibition of phosphodiesterase. 4. The results indicate that a) the presence of extracellular calcium is critical for norepinephrine and histamine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP in brain slices, but not for responses to adenosine, and that b) released adenosine can, at least partially, substitute for extracellular calcium in maintaining responsiveness of amine-sensitive cyclic AMP-generating systems in brain slices.
THE REMOVAL OF STRONTIUM AND CESIUM FROM SIMULATED HANFORD GROUNDWATER USING INORGANIC ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS

ABSTRACT A number of inorganic ion exchange materials that are commercially available or under development were evaluated for the removal of strontium and cesium from a simulated groundwater found in the Hanford waste storage area using a groundwater simulant spiked with either 89Sr or 137 Cs. The most promising materials for strontium were found to be a sodium titanosilicate from Texas A&M University closely followed by two titanium silicate pharmacosiderites obtained from AlliedSignal. The most promising materials for the selective removal of cesium from the simulant was again the sodium titanosilicate followed by an alumina-pillared montmorillonite clay obtained from Laporte Industries Ltd. The ion exchange kinetics were shown to be very rapid for both the titanosilicate and the pharmacosiderite, whilst the alumina-pillared montmorillonite had slower kinetics more comparable to those of the zeolite AW500.
Modeling caterpillar movement to guide habitat enhancement for Speyeria zerene hippolyta, the Oregon silverspot butterfly

Studies of at-risk species are likely to have greater conservation impact if they: involve managers in question formulation, set specific management or restoration goals, and are based on detailed knowledge of species’ resource needs. These ideas guided our investigation of the foraging behavior of larvae of a US federally threatened butterfly, the Oregon silverspot (Speyeria zerene hippolyta), with the goal of making management recommendations for habitat restoration. S. z. hippolyta larvae feed exclusively on Viola adunca and must consume multiple individuals to pupate successfully. Larvae forage at random through meadow vegetation to locate host plants. Observations of larvae foraging under field conditions revealed that larger, older larvae move more rapidly and turn less acutely than smaller, younger larvae; the consequence of these developmental differences is that younger larvae tend to remain in one place while older larvae tend to range more widely, presumably in search of new host plants. Results from a simulation model initialized with these data suggested that a host plant density of at least four V. adunca plants/m2 (depending on predation intensity to which larvae are exposed) is required in order for 4th instar larvae to have a 10 % chance of survival to pupation. These findings are being used to guide a violet restoration program for this sensitive species.
Quantification of Protein Expression Changes in the Aging Left Ventricle of Rattus norvegicus

As the heart ages, electrophysiological and biochemical changes can occur, and the ventricle in many cases loses distensibility, impairing diastolic function. How the proteomic signature of the aged ventricle is unique in comparison to young hearts is still under active investigation. We have undertaken a quantitative proteomics study of aging left ventricles (LVs) utilizing the isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) methodology. Differential protein expression was observed for 117 proteins including proteins involved in cell signaling, the immune response, structural proteins, and proteins mediating responses to oxidative stress. For many of these proteins, this is the first report of an association with the aged myocardium. Additionally, two proteins of unknown function were identified. This work serves as the basis for making future comparisons of the aged left ventricle proteome to that of left ventricles obtained from other models of disease and heart failure.
COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF NEBULIZED FUROSEMIDE ON PULMONARY FUNCTION IN INFANTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE. 2060

COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF NEBULIZED FUROSEMIDE ON PULMONARY FUNCTION IN INFANTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE. 2060
A Comparison of Exposure Metrics for Traffic-Related Air Pollutants: Application to Epidemiology Studies in Detroit, Michigan

Vehicles are major sources of air pollutant emissions, and individuals living near large roads endure high exposures and health risks associated with traffic-related air pollutants. Air pollution epidemiology, health risk, environmental justice, and transportation planning studies would all benefit from an improved understanding of the key information and metrics needed to assess exposures, as well as the strengths and limitations of alternate exposure metrics. This study develops and evaluates several metrics for characterizing exposure to traffic-related air pollutants for the 218 residential locations of participants in the NEXUS epidemiology study conducted in Detroit (MI, USA). Exposure metrics included proximity to major roads, traffic volume, vehicle mix, traffic density, vehicle exhaust emissions density, and pollutant concentrations predicted by dispersion models. Results presented for each metric include comparisons of exposure distributions, spatial variability, intraclass correlation, concordance and discordance rates, and overall strengths and limitations. While showing some agreement, the simple categorical and proximity classifications (e.g., high diesel/low diesel traffic roads and distance from major roads) do not reflect the range and overlap of exposures seen in the other metrics. Information provided by the traffic density metric, defined as the number of kilometers traveled (VKT) per day within a 300 m buffer around each home, was reasonably consistent with the more sophisticated metrics. Dispersion modeling provided spatially- and temporally-resolved concentrations, along with apportionments that separated concentrations due to traffic emissions and other sources. While several of the exposure metrics showed broad agreement, including traffic density, emissions density and modeled concentrations, these alternatives still produced exposure classifications that differed for a substantial fraction of study participants, e.g., from 20% to 50% of homes, depending on the metric, would be incorrectly classified into “low”, “medium” or “high” traffic exposure classes. These and other results suggest the potential for exposure misclassification and the need for refined and validated exposure metrics. While data and computational demands for dispersion modeling of traffic emissions are non-trivial concerns, once established, dispersion modeling systems can provide exposure information for both on- and near-road environments that would benefit future traffic-related assessments.
Ethical Practice in Foodservice Management

E THICAL PRACTICE IS FREQUENTLY not a black and white issue. The reality is that many ethical issues are gray and choices are difficult. The mind has three basic motivations— wanting, feeling, and lastly thinking (1). Thinking is the conscience of wanting and feeling, the essential element of an ethical foundation to evaluate decisions and choices. A limited ability to think critically or a lack of a personal ethical foundation often leads to inappropriate actions that fulfill only the basic functions of feeling and wanting. Valid critical thinking processes evidence under the lights of intellectual integrity, fair mindedness, courage, autonomy, and empathy to make ethical decisions and take ethical actions. Ethical practice in foodservice management is likewise frequently not a black andwhitematter. Use of the principles of the American Dietetic Association (ADA)–Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) Code of Ethics for the ProfessionofDietetics (2)assists foodservice management dietetics practitioners in evaluating ethical issues and dilemmasandservesasa rubric forethical conduct. Use of these principles in conjunction with good critical thinking skills fosters decisions that best serve the interests of clients, employees, and groups served by the profession. Professionals in foodservicemanagement are often faced with ethical di-
Analysis of a new microwave low-loss and velocity-matched III-V transmission line for traveling-wave electrooptic modulators

A new microwave transmission line with low loss and velocity matched to a lightwave for a III-V traveling-wave electrooptic modulator has been analyzed using the spectral domain technique. A bandwidth of >40 GHz and a half-wave voltage V/sub pi / of >
On a capacity scaling algorithm for the constrained maximum flow problem

Ahuja and Orlin (Networks 25 (1995), 89–98) introduced a constrained maximum flow problem and proposed its first polynomial combinatorial algorithm. The problem has important applications and is related to important problems such as the knapsack problem. In this article, we show that the algorithm may not terminate with a feasible solution in certain instances and provide a modified version with the same complexity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Occupational Rehabilitation Following Open Mesh Surgical Repair of an Inguinal Hernia

Background and Purpose . The purpose of this case report is to describe an occupational rehabilitation program for a person whose work-related inguinal hernia was surgically repaired. Case Description . A 35-year-old baggage service attendant acquired an inguinal hernia while lifting at work. Postoperatively, the patient had discomfort in the groin, weakness of the lower extremities and trunk, limited ability to walk, and a decreased ability to work due to impaired tolerance. Outcomes . Following postoperative rehabilitation, the patient was able to return to full-time, full-duty work. Discussion . This case report describes occupational rehabilitation as a method to treat patients with work-related inguinal hernias following surgical repair.
Finding patients before they crash: the next major opportunity to improve patient safety

Adverse events cause large numbers of deaths in hospitals, and many more serious injuries. Often, however, it is difficult or impossible in a specific circumstance to determine whether or not the outcome would have been different with an earlier intervention.1 ,2 On the other hand, substantial evidence exists for many conditions—sepsis for example—showing that earlier, more aggressive intervention can improve patient outcomes, especially with the use of protocols or guidelines.3 Better monitoring of sick patients has been a major interest in hospitals for decades and was a major rationale for the development of intensive care units (ICUs). Much of the research on monitoring comes from intensive care. Patients on general wards (ie, outside ICUs) are increasingly sick, but the level of monitoring they receive varies substantially, with intervals between manual vital signs measurement easily spanning 8–12 h. Often patients have already decompensated to a significant extent before transfer to an ICU is contemplated. We believe that the coming together of four major trends or innovations promises substantial improvements to patient outcomes by preventing this perennial problem of delayed recognition and management of deteriorating patients on general hospital wards. These trends include the uniform use of electronic health records in hospitals,4 major advances in physiological sensor development,5 the rapid adoption of mobile technologies,6 and the ability to perform analytics in the background to provide decision support at the point of care.7 Adoption rates for electronic health records in the USA have risen from approximately 20% to over 80% in recent years.8 Although the comprehensiveness of these records varies substantially, a high proportion include electronic vital signs, which offers major opportunities to improve the early detection and management of patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Other countries, such as the UK and Canada, currently lag …
Determination of Manufacturing Resurf Process Window for a Robust 700V Double Resurf LDMOS Transistor

Resurf (reduced surface field) devices are enormously sensitive to the optimum integrated charge and/or the distribution of charge in the drift region for maintaining a robust breakdown voltage. Nevertheless this optimal charge-balance is often interrupted by the influence of charges in the overlying mold compound and passivation layers, resulting in breakdown voltage degradation under high-voltage, high-temperature stress. As a result, the resurf process window is further squeezed following the reliability stress to maintain the optimal charge balance, hence the target breakdown voltage of over 700 V. This paper presents the optimization of resurf charge for maintaining a robust breakdown voltage, and hence establishes the manufacturing process windows (process implant doses) based on the reliability data in order to minimize yield loss in production.
Finasteride and methadone use and risk of advanced hepatitis C related liver disease.

We evaluated the association between two medications that alter bioavailable androgen levels, finasteride and methadone, and risk of advanced HCV-related liver disease. Males have strikingly greater cirrhosis risk across disease etiologies, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In a cross-sectional study in HCV+ male veterans, we determined medication use by up to 15-year medical record review, and hepatic pathology by the FibroSURE-ActiTest (F3/F4-F4, advanced vs. F0-F3, mild fibrosis; and A2/A3-A3, advanced vs. A0-A2, mild inflammation). We performed race-adjusted and race-stratified multivariate analyses. Among 571 HCV+ males, 43 % were White and 57 % African-American. There were non-significant decreased risks with finasteride use (ORadj advanced fibrosis = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.39–1.45 and ORadj advanced inflammation = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.41–1.43). For methadone, there was a non-significant 41 % increased advanced fibrosis risk in Whites and 51 % reduced risk in AA. White male methadone-users had 2.1-fold excess advanced inflammation risk (p = 0.15). Our preliminary study results suggest finasteride use is not significantly associated with a decreased risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis or inflammation in HCV+ males. The ethnically-divergent results for methadone associated fibrosis risk and finding of potentially increased inflammation risk in White males suggests the need for additional research.
Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope: science drivers and technology developments

The Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) is a concept for an 8- to 16-m ultraviolet optical near Infrared space observatory for launch in the 2025 to 2030 era. ATLAST will allow astronomers to answer fundamental questions at the forefront of modern astrophysics, including: Is there life elsewhere in the Galaxy? We present a range of science drivers and the resulting performance requirements for ATLAST (8- to 16-marcsec angular resolution, diffraction limited imaging at 0.5 micron wavelength, minimum collecting area of 45 sq m, high sensitivity to light wavelengths from 0.1 to 2.4 micron, high stability in wavefront sensing and control). We also discuss the priorities for technology development needed to enable the construction of ATLAST for a cost that is comparable to that of current generation observatory-class space missions.
Axioms-based CNFs and DNFs constructed by n-variable-m-dimensional fundamental clauses and phrases

In this paper, the relationship between the existing axioms and the corresponding CNF and DNF based on the n-variable-m-dimensional fundamental clauses and phrases is discussed. The AND (OR) map is the general framework of the fuzzy map and the Karnaugh map without losing any primary combined concepts. In addition, the general algorithm to make the n-variable-m-dimensional CNF (DNF) from a DNF (CNF) is given.
Large-amplitude vibrations of geometrically imperfect shallow spherical shells with structural damping

This paper deals with the effects of geometric imperfections on the large-amplitude vibrations Of shallow spherical shells. The initial geometric imperfection, the vibration mode, and the forcing function are of the same spatial shape. It is found that the presence of geometric imperfections of the order of a fractionof the shell thickness may significantly raises the free tine vibration frequencies. Further, they may even cause the nonlinear hard-spring character of spherical shells to exhibit soft-spring behavior. The effects of structural damping are also considered.
Data Flow Partitioning for Clock Period and Latency Minimization

We propose an efficientperformance-driven two-way partitioning algorithm to take into account clock cycle period and latency with retiming. We model the problem with a Quadratic Programming formulation to minimize the crossing edge count with nonlinear timing constraints. By using Lagrangian Approach on Modular Partitioning (LAMP), we merge nonlinear constraints to the objective function. The problem is then decomposed into primal and dual two subprograms. The primal and dual problems are solved by a Quadratic Boolean Programming approach and by a subgradient method using cycle mean method, respectively. Experimental results show our algorithm achieves an average of 23.25% clock cycle period and 19.54% latency reductions compared to the Fiduccia-Mattheyses algorithm. In terms of the average number of the crossing edges, our results are only 1.85% more.
Work in progress-supporting automatic capture in problem based learning environments

Previous work at Georgia Tech has demonstrated the usefulness of classroom capture in traditional lecture settings [Abowd, G.D., (1999)]. Students use captured experiences in a variety of ways: study, reference, and exploration are a few. However, to provide ubiquitous and distributed support for capturing educational experiences, we need to extend capture to nonlecture learning environments. Study groups, problem based learning (PBL) groups, tutoring sessions, individual study, and seminars are all examples of learning environments that are not lecture driven. In this paper, we describe the ongoing design and development of a system that automatically captures the meetings of a PBL group in biomedical engineering. We have based the system design on an initial study of student behavior in existing PBL groups and the ad hoc capture strategies that they employ. We discuss our observations and the resulting design criteria we have developed. We conclude with a description of the ongoing research and the next stage of experiments.
Uses of Background Experience in a Preparatory Reading and Writing Class: An Analysis of Native and Non-native Speakers of English

The goal of the study reported in this article is to analyze ways students in the first course of a three-quarter college preparatory sequence in reading and writing write about their experiences in their essays. The student participants were three native speakers of English and three native speakers of Punjabi, who had lived and studied in the United States for between three and five years at the time of the study. In order to assess how these students' writing related to the context of the class and the students' backgrounds, both faculty and students were interviewed. The students were asked about their reactions to their placement, their pre-college educational experiences, and their perceptions of the preparatory class. The reading and writing sections are taught separately and in sequence. The instructors share equal responsibility for assessing the students, so both instructors were asked to evaluate the students' achievement in relation to their expectations for the course. Analysis indicates that, for the students in this study, both native and non-native speakers of English are trying to find ways to make the transition from high school to college. However, in order to succeed, each of these students needs individual orientation to the demands of the preparatory class. Some students need more help with development of ideas whereas others need more help with editing for correctness. In many open-access colleges, high school graduates, whether they are native or non-native speakers of English, take the same test to place them in composition programs. At some of these colleges, all students who are identi- fied as not yet ready for college-level courses are placed in the same preparatory classes. To a certain extent, the attitudes of the students towards this placement as well as their peers and teachers in the preparatory courses influence their progress in writing. These placement practices assume that both native and non-native speakers share experiences that will provide common ground for them to complete the assignments. A comparison of the experiences that both groups of students select to use as content for their essays and the writ- ing qualities they use to do this may indicate aspects of the common ground they share both in high school and in communities in the United States.
Malware Type Recognition and Cyber Situational Awareness

Current technologies for computer network and host defense do not provide suitable information to support strategic and tactical decision making processes. Although pattern-based malware detection is an active research area, the additional context of the type of malware can improve cyber situational awareness. This additional context is an indicator of threat capability thus allowing organizations to assess information losses and focus response actions appropriately. Malware Type Recognition (MaTR) is a research initiative extending detection technologies to provide the additional context of malware types using only static heuristics. Test results with MaTR demonstrate over a 99% accurate detection rate and 59% test accuracy in malware typing.
Work intensity and variations in health and personal characteristics of individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between work intensity, personal and injury-related factors and the resources typically associated with employment, including insurance, access to health care, and salary. Retrospective analysis is performed on cross-sectional data from 436 individuals between the ages of 18 and 64 years old that participated in the quantitative component of a larger project examining the needs of Virginians with SCI. No significant differences are found with regard to gender or pre-injury employment status between individuals with SCI who are not working, those employed part time ( 30 hours per week). Significant differences are noted between groups with regard to race, marital status, total number of medical problems, receipt of vocational services, and severity of injury. In addition, individuals who are employed either part-time or full-time are more likely to have health insurance (p =0 .034) than those not working for pay. Individuals working full-time are significantly more likely to have dental insurance ( p< 0.001), less likely to have been unable to get needed medical care (p =0 .025), and less likely to have problems with either uncontrolled spasticity ( p< 0.001) or chronic pain ( p< 0.001) in the past 12 months as compared with the other two groups. Results support the value of employment in providing access to health care and a range of other benefits for persons with a SCI. Part-time employment provided significant advantages over unemployment status however individuals who spent at least 30 hours a week in paid employment had the highest levels of resources. Our findings also suggest, though, that secondary conditions may influence the level/intensity of employment for individuals with SCI and that working part-time still provides advantages over unemployment.
Design and implementation of a composable reflective middleware framework

With the evolution of the global information infrastructure, service providers will need to provide effective and adaptive resource management mechanisms that can serve more concurrent clients and deal with applications that exhibit quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Flexible, scalable and customizable middleware can be used as an enabling technology for next-generation systems that adhere to the QoS requirements of applications that execute in highly dynamic distributed environments. To enable application-aware resource management, we are developing a customizable and composable middleware framework called CompOSE|Q (Composable Open Software Environment with QoS), based on a reflective meta-model. In this paper, we describe the architecture and runtime environment for CompOSE|Q and briefly assess the performance overhead of the additional flexibility. We also illustrate how flexible communication mechanisms can be supported efficiently in the CompOSE|Q framework.
Tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate mimics epidermal growth factor-induced precocious tooth eruption in the rodent

Daily injections of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the tumor promoter, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to neonatal Swiss Webster S/W (NIH) mice caused precocious tooth eruption. However, TPA, unlike EGF, did not enhance eyelid opening. The response was correlated with the tumor-promoting activity of various phorbol congeners. Furthermore, TPA-induced tooth eruption appeared to be prostaglandin-dependent, whereas EGF-induced eruption was insensitive to the prostaglandin inhibitors.
One-Dimensional Affine Group Schemes*

The construction of these groups is straightforward; to an algebra B we assign the quotient R,,, G,/G,. The main effort comes in showing that these are the only possibilities. The key to this, and the basic technical idea in the paper, is the use of N&on blow-ups of group schemes over valuation rings. This process has been used before [ 1, 21 as a tool for resolving singularities, but in fact it also furnishes a good grasp on the structure of models in general. A further instance of this is found in the last section, where we give an analysis of all models (smooth or not) of G, over a valuation ring. It seems likely that the technique should also have other applications.