cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capturing attention to brake lamps

Rear-end collisions and distraction are major concerns and basic research in cognitive psychology concerning attention in visual search is applicable to these problems. It is proposed that using yellow tail lamps will result in faster reaction times and fewer errors than current tail lamp coloring (red) in detecting brake lamps (red) in a "worst case" scenario where brake lamp onset, lamp intensity and temporal and contextual cues are not available. Participants engaged in a visual search for brake lamps in two conditions, one using red tail lamps with red brake lamps and one with the proposed combination of yellow tail lamps with red brake lamps in which they indicated by keyboard response the presence or absence of braking cars. The hypothesis that separating brake and tail lamps by color alone would produce faster RTs, reduce errors, and provide greater conspicuity was supported. Drivers and non-drivers detect absence and presence of red brake lamps faster and with greater accuracy with the proposed yellow tail lamps than red tail lamps without the aid of any of the aforementioned cues. Vehicle conspicuity will be improved and reductions in rear-end collisions and other accidents will be reduced by implementing the proposed yellow tail lamp coloring.
LC PLL With 1.2-Octave Locking Range Based on Mutual-Inductance Switching in 45-nm SOI CMOS

A wideband LC PLL in 45-nm SOI CMOS technology is presented that has a center frequency of 12.4 GHz and 1.2 octave locking range. The wideband operation is achieved by switching mutual inductances within the inductor coil of the LC oscillator. To minimize resistive switching losses, the inductor coil consists of a non-switchable primary coil and two isolated secondary coils with series switches. When the switches are closed, the overall inductance reduces because of the switched mutual inductances. Three inductor bands, each consisting of 16 switched capacitor sub-bands, span a frequency range from 7.3 to 17.5 GHz. The in-band phase noise measured after a 1/4 divider is better than -107 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency in the entire locking range. The PLL is fully differential and its core has a power consumption of 25 mW at the highest oscillation frequency.
On the modeling and shape optimization of hydrodynamic flexible-pad thrust bearings:

A theoretical analysis of a hydrodynamic thrust bearing with a flexible-pad design is presented. The flexibility of pads improves the load-carrying capacity (LCC) of the bearing for a wide range of...
PET imaging in the thorax

PET imaging has become an invaluable tool in the evaluation and management of thoracic abnormalities. While FDG-PET can not uniformly provide all the requisite information for patient evaluation, it provides a new model and direction for functional imaging. As one learns more about the biology of diseases and integrate advances in biomedical technology, this type of approach suggests non-invasive biochemical or metabolic imaging will be invaluable in patient management.
A Novel PSO-MP Approach for Database Replications at Edge Servers

Edge server replication is an effective solution to achieve high performance in dynamic Web applications, such as Web services. It can replicate the application logic and the data close to the clients to reduce the response latency and network traffic and to offload the servers. Many Web services involve frequent accesses to large-scale backend databases. Current database replication techniques are not directly applicable to edge server architectures. Most of the solutions do not consider the potentially limited disk sizes at the edge servers and the needs for them to serve many application sites. In this paper, we present a novel database replication approach, PSO-MP, for edge servers to address the problems. Experimental studies show that the PSO-MP approach significantly improves the performance of Web systems in terms of client response latency, Web application server offloading, and network bandwidth saving.
New ontology-based semantic similarity measure for the biomedical domain

The goal of this research is to propose a new ontology-based semantic similarity measure and apply it into the biomedical domain. We also apply the ontology-based semantic similarity measures from NLP into the biomedicine domain within the framework of the UMLS. The proposed measure is based on the path length between the concept nodes as well as the depth of the lcs node in the ontology hierarchy tree. The proposed similarity method was evaluated relative to human experts' ratings, and compared with the existing measures on sets of concepts using the MeSH terminology within the UMLS. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed method, and demonstrate that our semantic similarity measure, compared with the existing techniques, gives the best overall results of correlation with experts' ratings.
Mineralogical and anthropogenic controls of stream water chemistry in salted watersheds

Abstract The relatively stable concentrations of calcium (42.2–122.3 mg/l) and magnesium (48.9–88.1 mg/l) between 2012 and 2013 and their possible weathering paths identified by mass balance models for both soil solutions and stream water from a small salted (regular applications of winter road deicing salt) watershed in New Jersey, USA indicate that the weathering of feldspars and dissolution of carbonates are the primary sources for these cations. However, the relatively stable and lower concentrations of sodium and chloride in soil solutions (19.6–46.1 mg/l for Na and 12.7–88.3 mg/l for Cl) and their fluctuating and higher concentrations in stream water (14.6–103.1 mg/l for Na and 15.2–260.4 mg/l)) from the same watershed during the same period also indicate that road deicing salt is the primary source for sodium and chloride in stream water. Furthermore, positive correlations between calcium and sulfur concentrations (correlation coefficient r = 0.77) and magnesium and sulfur concentrations ( r = 0.73) in stream water between 2009 and 2013, as well as positive correlations between sulfur and iron concentrations in soil compositions ( r = 0.27), indicate that both the dissolution of gypsum and the oxidation of pyrite into hematite might be the primary sources of sulfate in the watershed. Analyses of water chemistry from the related and much larger Delaware River Watershed (DRW) show that sodium and chloride concentrations have increased steadily (2.7 times for Na and 4.56 times for Cl for 10-year average) due to the regular application of winter deicing salt from 1944 to 2011 for which data are available. The greater increase of stream water chloride concentrations compared with sodium concentrations also results in the steady decline of Na + /Cl − molar ratios from 1.51 to 0.92 for the 10-year average during that time in the DRW and approximately 78% of the chloride in the DRW now being anthropogenic. In addition, the decline of sulfate concentration from 22.08 to 14.59 mg/l (∼34%) for the 10-year average from 1980 to 2011 in the DRW stream water may be attributed to the decline of sulfate levels in atmospheric deposition resulting from enhanced national and state environmental regulations and a shift in local economic activities. There also are more periods of low silica stream water concentrations in the DRW than in the past, perhaps as a result of recent increases in summer stream temperatures combined with an increase of impervious surface area in the region. Warmer stream water might cause the temporary bloom of biota requiring silica, particularly plankton, increasing its uptake from stream water, while an expanded impervious surface area increases the contribution of low-silica runoff water to total stream discharge, thereby lowering the silica concentration in stream water. The combined results of this study illustrate the possible changing anthropogenic factors that can control stream water chemistry in salted watersheds and that these factors need to be taken into account when future water quality regulations and policy are considered.
Spectral sensitivity of macaque monkeys measured with ERG flicker photometry.

The following is a correction for the article “Spectral sensitivity of macaque monkeys measured with ERG flicker photometry,” by Gerald H. Jacobs and Jess F. Deegan II, that appeared in Visual Neuroscience, 1997, 14, 921–928. As a result of a transcription error the spectral sensitivity values included in Table 1 were incorrect.
Measurement of Biodiesel Blend and Conventional Diesel Spray Structure Using X-Ray Radiography

The near-nozzle structure of several nonevaporating biodiesel-blend sprays has been studied using X-ray radiography. Radiography allows quantitative measurements of the fuel distribution in sprays to be made with high temporal and spatial resolution. Measurements have been made at different values of injection pressure, ambient density, and with two different nozzle geometries to understand the influences of these parameters on the spray structure of the biodiesel blend. These measurements have been compared with corresponding measurements of Viscor, a diesel calibration fluid, to demonstrate the fuel effects on the spray structure. Generally, the biodiesel-blend spray has a similar structure to the spray of Viscor. For the nonhydroground nozzle used in this study, the biodiesel-blend spray has a slightly slower penetration into the ambient gas than the Viscor spray. The cone angle of the biodiesel-blend spray is generally smaller than that of the Viscor spray, indicating that the biodiesel-blend spray is denser than the Viscor spray. For the hydroground nozzle, both fuels produce sprays with initially wide cone angles that transition to narrow sprays during the steady-state portion of the injection event. These variations in cone angle with time occur later for the biodiesel-blend spray than for the Viscor spray, indicating that themore » dynamics of the injector needle as it opens are somewhat different for the two fuels.« less
Topology design of OXC-switched WDM networks

This paper attempts to find a new analytical framework to identify cost-effective topological architectures of optical cross-connect (OXC)-switched wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. To keep the analysis tractable, we first focus on regular networks and a deterministic uniform traffic model. Regular topologies with symmetries are good approximations of metropolitan area and local area networks but only a fair resemblance of wide area networks. We find that for a regular topology the minimum-hop distance, which is normally used for gauging the size of the network, is an important parameter in dimensioning switching resources. By setting up a first-order cost model and evaluating the tradeoff between network resources, we obtain closed form solutions for the optimal node degree and network cost. For network design under stochastic traffic, we study the worst case capacity dimensioning and blocking probability among the set of all possible stochastic traffic distributions with the same mean and variance. The analytical approach presented in this paper helps us gain insights of parametric dependency of an optimal network architecture on key network design parameters.
Solving the multiclass percentile user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

The multiclass percentile user equilibrium (MCPUE) problem discussed in this paper assumes that travelers, subject to uncertainty in a transportation network, strive to minimize reserved travel time (also known as the travel time budget) to ensure a probability of arriving at their destinations on time. An MCPUE, defined as an extension of the Wardrop equilibrium in a probabilistic network, is achieved when no travelers, regardless of their preferred on-time arrival probability, can reduce their reserved travel time by unilaterally changing their routes. Efficient numerical procedures for computing the MCPUE are studied in this paper. Specifically, a proposed new gradient projection algorithm avoids path enumeration through a column generation procedure based on a reliable shortest path algorithm. Implementation details of inner iterations, which are critical to the overall efficiency of the algorithm, are also discussed. Numerical experiments are conducted to test the computational performance of the pro...
Binding Properties of a Waldenström Macroglobulin Antibody

Abstract Further studies on the functional properties of a Waldenstrom macroglobulin (γMlay) with antibody activity have been performed. Binding of the subunits, γMs, and tryptic fragments, Fabµ, to the antigen, human γG, has been examined by ultracentrifugation and equilibrium molecular sieving. While the data have certain inevitable ambiguities, they are consistent with: (a) the antibody reacting with a single determinant on γG, (b) the subunits being potentially divalent although functionally univalent, and (c) all of the Fabµ fragments being functionally equivalent. Since the primary antigen-combining site interaction is energetically similar to that found in other systems, it is concluded that the cryoprecipitating property of the γM-γG complex is due to the univalence of the antigen as well as the solubility characteristics of the aggregates.
The Effect of Religious Background on Sexual Orientation

Does religious background influence sexual orientation? Research on the etiology of sexual orientation has focused almost exclusively on biological influences; however, the evidence suggests that biological influences are not deterministic. Family socialization could also play a role. In particular, parents’ religion may have an impact, since religion has a powerful influence on attitudes about homosexuality. Using three nationally representative datasets, I examine the impact of parents’ religion on the sexual orientation of their offspring. The findings suggest that people from Jewish and secular backgrounds are more likely to report homosexual attraction, identity, and behavior than are people from other backgrounds. By contrast, individuals who were reared in conservative Protestant homes are least likely to report homosexual attraction, identity, or behavior. These findings are suggestive rather than definitive, since differences between groups are not consistent in magnitude or significance across datasets. The influence of religious background on sexual orientation generally appears to be modest, except in the case of Jewish heritage, the effect of which is particularly pronounced among women.
Impact of body mass index on the outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Objectives To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on short- and midterm outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background Although obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, numerous studies reported a beneficial effect of obesity on survival in patients with cardiovascular disease and in patients after cardiac interventions. Moreover, all previous reports examining the relation between BMI and outcomes following TAVI have underscored the “obesity paradox” in these patients. Methods During a 3 year period, 805 patients with severe aortic stenosis that underwent TAVI at our institute were evaluated. Based on baseline BMI, patients were classified as normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2). TAVI endpoints, device success, and adverse events were considered according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)−2 definitions. Results Obese patients were significantly younger, had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and chronic lung disease, and had lower prevalence of frailty. Device success was similar between the 3 groups. All-cause mortality up to 30 days was 2.9% (10/340) vs 4.5% (12/268) vs 0.5% (1/186) in patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively (p = 0.048). In a multivariable model, overweight and obese patients had similar overall mortality compared to patients with normal weight. Conclusions We found no evidence for the existence of an obesity paradox following TAVI. Correction for possible confounders such as frailty in the present cohort may explain the discrepancy between the current report and the previous reports that suggested a protective effect for increased BMI following TAVI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paid Maternity Leave and Breastfeeding Outcomes

Background Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, rates in the United States are low. Shorter maternity leave is associated with lower initiation and shorter durations of breastfeeding; however, little is known about how paid maternity leave may influence breastfeeding rates. Methods We used data from the 2006–2010 U.S. National Survey of Family Growth on the most recent birth to employed women who delivered a child within the previous 5 years. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were used to describe the associations between paid leave duration (0, 1–5, 6–11, ≥ 12 weeks, maternity leave not taken) and three outcomes: 1) breastfeeding initiation, 2) 6-month duration, and 3) 6-month duration among initiators. Results Twenty-eight percent of prenatally employed women received no paid leave. Women who received 12 or more weeks of paid leave were more likely to initiate breastfeeding compared to women with no paid leave (87.3% vs 66.7%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.83 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.23–6.48]). Similarly, women with 12 or more weeks of paid leave were more likely to breastfeed at 6 months, compared to women with no paid leave (24.9% vs 50.1%, aOR 2.26 [95% CI 1.20–4.26]). Among women who initiated breastfeeding, having received 12 or more weeks' paid leave increased the odds of breastfeeding for 6 or more months; however, the association was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (aOR 1.81 [95% CI 0.93–3.52]). Conclusions Employed women who received 12 or more weeks of paid maternity leave were more likely to initiate breastfeeding and be breastfeeding their child at 6 months than those without paid leave.
Abstract 4757: Identification of biomarkers that predict response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to mitotic inhibitors

Objectives: It is urgent to explore novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for that are relevant to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Based on a prior drug screen, we identified 3 mitotic inhibitors (AZD7762, AZD1775, volasertib) as effective therapies for HNSCC. Our objective with this study is to identify mechanisms of response and potential biomarkers of response and Methods: Cell viability assays were performed by the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent method in a panel of 68 fingerprinted HNSCC cell lines using the 3 drugs at concentrations of 0.018 to 9.613 μM. Cell cycle, apoptosis and altered pathway protein expression after cells treated by the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor volasertib were investigated by FACS, TUNEL and western blots respectively. An orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC was used to confirm the antitumor effects of PLK1 inhibition in vivo. To determine the mechanisms of drug sensitivity, we analyzed the correlation between gene expression, protein expression, gene mutation and drug sensitivity using modified two-sample t-tests were performed. The beta-uniform mixture (BUM) model was used to control false discovery rate (FDR). For correlations between drug sensitivity and gene mutations, we performed Fisher9s exact test. Results: Using the IC80 values with the peak plasma concentration of each drug as the cut-off to determine sensitivity, 34, 44 and 20 HNSCC cell lines were sensitive AZD1775 (Wee inhibitor), AZD7762 (CHK1/2 inhibitor) and volasertib (PLK1 inhibitor) respectively. HNSCC harboring AJUBA mutations were more sensitive to these 3 inhibitors and those with RAS mutations more resistant. PLK1 inhibition led to G2/M arrest, but only sensitive cell lines underwent substantial apoptosis following PLK1 inhibition. Decreases of the levels of phosphorylated TCTP were observed following treatment with volasertib confirming PLK1 inhibition. There was a significant decrease of tumor volumes and prolongation of survival in the mice bearing orthotopic HNSCC tumors treated with volasertib in vivo. Conclusions: PLK1 inhibition was an effective therapy in vitro and in vivo models of HNSCC. We identified the AJUBA and RAS mutations as potential candidate biomarkers of response to these mitotic inhibitors in HNSCC. This study identified the therapeutic potential of PLK1 as a novel therapeutic target for HNSCC. Citation Format: Ming Zhang, Shaohua Peng, Tuhina Mazumdar, Vaishnavi Sambandam, Li Shen, Pan Tong, Lerong Li, Lauren Byers, Curtis Pickering, Mitchell Frederick, Jeffrey N. Myers, Jing Wang, Faye M. Johnson. Identification of biomarkers that predict response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to mitotic inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4757.
Why won't they sit with me? An exploratory investigation of stereotyped cues, social exclusion, and the P3b.

ABSTRACTThe importance of understanding how we anticipate and prepare for being socially excluded is underscored by the numerous adverse mental and physical consequences of social rejection. In this study, we adapted a social exclusion paradigm, the Lunchroom task, to investigate the use of social context cues in the formation of social outcome expectations as indexed by the P3b, an ERP component associated with attention orientation and context updating. In this task, Black and White participants were presented with either neutral or stereotyped cues prior to being exposed to simulated inclusion versus exclusion outcome scenarios. Black participants showed evidence of (1) a significantly reduced P3b response to exclusions preceded by stereotyped cues relative to neutral cue-related exclusions and (2) a marginally significant increase in the P3b response to inclusions relative to exclusions when both were preceded by stereotyped cues. Both of these findings suggest a key role for the use of social cues in...
Fibre Channel for Mass Storage

With Fibre Channel, you can suddenly scale your storage systems from gigabytes to terabytes, and improve performance at the same time -- all without disrupting systems, networks, or applications. Fibre Channel for Mass Storage walks you step-by-step through the basics of Fibre Channel technology, and demonstrates how to deploy Hewlett Packard's advanced Fibre Channel products to address your most critical enterprise storage challenges. Coverage includes: Why Fibre Channel has become the enterprise storage technology of choice Fibre Channel's architecture and six functional levels Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) -- an exceptionally effective storage system topology Peripheral devices, logical units, and volume set addressing Essential addressing techniques for integrating Fibre Channel with HP-UXFibre Channel for Mass Storage introduces Hewlett-Packard's state-of-the-art Fibre Channel product family, beginning with Tachyon(r), the industry's first Fibre Channel controller fully integrated on a single chip. Learn about Hewlett-Packard's Fibre Channel adapters for K-Class, T-Class, D-Class, and V-Class Enterprise Servers and parallel clusters; hubs, disk arrays, SCSI multiplexers, and more. Finally, preview the future of Fibre Channel: faster fiber rates, hunt groups, multicast groups, classes of service, and beyond.Whether you're implementing Fibre Channel, planning for it, or simply need to understand it, Fibre Channel for Mass Storage has all the answers you're looking for.
Predictive collaborative filtering with side information

Recommender systems have been widely studied in the literature as they have real world impacts in many E-commerce platforms and social networks. Most previous systems are based on the user-item recommendation matrix, which contains users' history recommendation activities on items. In this paper, we propose a novel predictive collaborative filtering approach that exploits both the partially observed user-item recommendation matrix and the item-based side information to produce top-N recommender systems. The proposed approach automatically identifies the most interesting items for each user from his or her non-recommended item pool by aggregating over his or her recommended items via a low-rank coefficient matrix. Moreover, it also simultaneously builds linear regression models from the item-based side information such as item reviews to predict the item recommendation scores for the users. The proposed approach is formulated as a rank constrained joint minimization problem with integrated least squares losses, for which an efficient analytical solution can be derived. To evaluate the proposed learning technique, empirical evaluations on five recommendation tasks are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach comparing to the competing methods.
Locoregional Flaps for Oral Cavity Reconstruction: A Review of Modern Options

Objective To review state-of-the-art modifications and advances in soft tissue local and regional flap reconstruction of the oral cavity and to determine the role these techniques play in current practice. Data Sources Review of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstruction. Review Methods The authors describe advances in locoregional reconstructive options and assimilate data from the literature that compare recent advances to the historic standards. Conclusions Modern advances in regional reconstruction of the oral cavity offer outstanding results and demonstrate potential advance over free tissue transfer. These modifications demonstrate the prominent role that regional reconstruction can play in oral cavity reconstruction. Implications for Practice With a more complete understanding of these options, the surgeon is better able to tailor the reconstruction to the needs of the patient to provide high-quality cost-effective care.
Organizational and Systems Factors Leading to Systems Integration Success after M&A

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are a common technique used by companies to grow and enter new markets. The success rate of these transactions continues to be less than desired. Information Systems ...
Transcatheter and Doppler waveform correlation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the preferred therapy for treatment of severe aortic stenosis in patients at intermediate to high risk of perioperative mortality following surgical aortic valve replacement. Haemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the procedure, and it is crucial for the operator to have an in-depth understanding of the haemodynamic alterations that occur during balloon aortic valvuloplasty and transcatheter valve deployment. Comprehension of the haemodynamic tracings is also pivotal for early recognition of periprocedural complications. With expanding indications for TAVR, it is imperative for members of the structural heart team to have an in-depth, nuanced understanding of transcatheter haemodynamic waveforms and their correlation with echocardiographic Doppler waveforms that are obtained periprocedurally during TAVR. This review provides a collection of transcatheter haemodynamic tracings and their corresponding Doppler echocardiography correlates that are demonstrative of physiological alterations and pathological lesions (complications) that occur during TAVR.
A Homozygous RET K666N Genotype With an MEN2A Phenotype.

Context Germline RET K666N mutation has been described as a pathogenic mutation with low disease penetrance for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) without other features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. We describe a patient with homozygous RET K666N mutation with MTC and bilateral pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Case Description A 59-year-old woman received a diagnosis of MTC after biopsy of two thyroid nodules. Coincident biochemical and radiologic testing was suspicious for bilateral PHEO, confirmed after bilateral adrenalectomy. There was no evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). She had a total thyroidectomy with neck dissection revealing bilateral MTC with lymph node metastases. Germline RET testing identified homozygous K666N mutations. Genetic testing of family members showed that both adult children harbor a heterozygous K666N mutation. Her 32-year-old son had an elevated calcitonin level and underwent thyroidectomy, which identified MTC. Her 30-year-old daughter had a normal calcitonin level. Prophylactic thyroidectomy showed C-cell hyperplasia only. Three of seven other family members were tested and found to carry the mutation. All had normal calcitonin levels, and none had biochemical evidence of PHEO or PHPT. Given the absence of PHEO in reported RET K666N families, our proband underwent genetic testing for causes of hereditary paragangliomas or PHEO. No additional mutations were identified. Conclusions Here we report a case of a homozygous RET K666N mutation leading to coincident MTC and PHEO. Heterozygous presentations of RET K666N mutations have low penetrance for isolated MTC. We believe that the gene dosage associated with the homozygosity of this variant contributed to the occurrence of bilateral PHEO.
Record productions establish RF-driven sources as the standard for generating high-duty-factor, high-current H- beams for accelerators (Winner of the ICIS 2017 Brightness Award).

The Spallation Neutron Source operates reliably at 1.2 MW and will gradually ramp to 1.4 MW. This paper briefly recalls some of the struggles when the unprecedented project was started and ramped to 1 MW over a 3½ year period. This was challenging, especially for the H− ion source and the low-energy beam transport system, which make up the H− injector. It took several more years to push the H− injector to the 1.4 MW requirements, and even longer to reach close to 100% injector availability. An additional breakthrough was the carefully staged, successful extension of the H− source service cycle so that disruptive source changes became rare events. More than 7 A·h of extracted H− ions have been demonstrated with a single source without maintenance, more than twice the single-source quantity of ions produced by any other high-current H− accelerator facility. Achieving the 1.4 MW requirements with close to 100% availability and record-breaking source service cycles were the basis for the 2017 Brightness Award.
A Genetic Approach to the Study of Juvenile Hormone Control of Vitellogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key agent in the regulation of insect development, and thus it must effect proper gene management during ontogeny. How this occurs is as yet a mystery, but JH can alter chromosome function as assayed by puffing in polytene chromosomes of Diptera (Lezzi and Gilbert, 1969) and models based on gene regulation have been presented for its action (Williams and Kafatos, 1971). Therefore it seems appropriate to approach the study of JH action from a genetic standpoint. Mutant genes causing defects in JH action in Drosophila might be expected to develop lethal morphogenetic irregularities during embryonic, larval, or pupal stages (Dearden, 1964; Bryant and Sang, 1968; Ashburner, 1970; Madhavan, 1973; Postlethwait, 1974). Studying the biochemistry of these moribund animals might reveal only frustrating artifacts. A more convenient system might involve a tissue which responds to JH but which is unnecessary for the individual’s survival. For example, in many insects JH is required for some step in oogenesis (see Doan, 1973; Engelmann, 1970). A genetic approach to the hormonal control of oogenesis in Drosophila seems appropriate due to several factors. Drosophila females can lay up to 60% of their weight per day in eggs (King et al., 1955; David et al., 1968), which indicates the prodigious biosynthetic activity directed toward oogenesis. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of normal oogenesis has been very carefully described by King (1970). Finally, a great many female sterile mutants are known (King and Mohler, 1975). Our investigation exploits these properties to approach the following three points regarding JH control of oogenesis: (1) What is the endocrinology of oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster? (2) How are female sterile mutants altered in JH action? (3) How does JH act to control the appearance of specific proteins in developing oocytes?
The Status of Victims Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

This chapter analysis the three traditional foci of victim status under international criminal law: participation, protection, and reparation. Whereas, both the ICTY and ICTR statutes largely ignored victim issues, the Rome Statute of the ICC specifically addresses the interests of victims in cases against their persecutors. However, as a new body with little experience to draw upon, the process of bringing victims into the proceedings in a meaningful way is still under development. As a threshold matter, a person must meet the definition of “victim” under Rule 85 RPE ICC before they can qualify to participate. The author explores the parameters of “victimhood” by placing the definition in a variety of contexts—especially with respect to other rights and obligations victims may have under the Rome Statute. Victim safety is also addressed as well as the new Victim and Witness Unit within the ICC bureaucracy. With respect to reparations for victims, the author considers the options of restitution, compensation, and rehabilitation. To date the Trust Fund for Victims has not resolved key operational questions on reparations concerning the seizure and management of defendant assets, investment, return upon acquittal, and disbursement to qualified victims upon conviction.
Gender-Specific Differences in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome

Since the early understandings of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it has been clear that there are sex-dependent features of the disease. This chapter reviews the understanding of the gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptom presentation, morbidity/mortality, polysomnogram features, and treatment of OSA. Key concepts include 2–3:1 male to female prevalence ratio for OSA; increase in OSA prevalence in women across the menopausal spectrum; greater upper airway collapsibility in men despite inherently larger airways; and greater array of sleep-related symptoms in women with OSA which may hinder recognition of the disease.
Web-Based Application for Accurately Classifying Cancer Type from Microarray Gene Expression Data Using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) Learning Algorithm

Intelligent optimization algorithms have been widely used to deal complex nonlinear problems. In this paper, we have developed an online tool for accurate cancer classification using a SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm, which can accurately predict a lung cancer type with an accuracy of approximately 95%. Based on the user specifications, we chose to write this suite in Python, HTML and based on a MySQL relational database. A Linux server supporting CGI interface hosts the application and database. The hardware requirements of suite on the server side are moderate. Bounds and ranges have also been considered and needs to be used according to the user instructions. The developed web application is easy to use, the data can be quickly entered and retrieved. It has an easy accessibility through any web browser connected to the firewall-protected network. We have provided adequate server and database security measures. Important notable advantages of this system are that it runs entirely in the web browser with no client software need, industry standard server supporting major operating systems (Windows, Linux and OSX), ability to upload external files. The developed application will help researchers to utilize machine learning tools for classifying cancer and its related genes. Availability: The application is hosted on our personal linux server and can be accessed at: http://131.96.32.330/login-system/index.php.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Instruction Type and Course Outcomes in Sport Management Courses

The number of students enrolled in online courses continues to increase as the landscape of higher education evolves to meet the needs of the student population. With the growing number of online e...
Ocean Surface Temperature Response to Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction of the MJO

Abstract : The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an intraseasonal oscillation which is most closely identified with the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans, characterized by an eastward progression of a large (2000 km) pattern, extending from the equator into the adjacent subtropical belts, with enhanced and suppressed rainfall. In the context of this DRI, understanding the complex processes involved in locations such as the MJO as it passes over the eastern Indian Ocean are necessary steps for evaluating the modulation of SST and atmosphere-ocean feedbacks, for validating ocean and climate models, and for making prognostic assessments of oceanic circulation. Sea-air exchange displays a clear seasonal cycle, but there are also significant fluctuations at periods less than seasonal, the so-called intraseasonal oscillations. Notably is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which is most closely identified with the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans, though there is a weaker tropical Atlantic presence. The MJO is characterized by an eastward progression of a large (2000 km) pattern, extending from the equator into the adjacent subtropical belts, with enhanced and suppressed rainfall. The wet phase marked by enhanced convection and precipitation is followed by a dry phase where convection is suppressed.
Exploring the Impact of (Not) Changing Default Settings in Algorithmic Crime Mapping - A Case Study of Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Policing decisions, allocations and outcomes are determined by mapping historical crime data geo-spatially using popular algorithms. In this extended abstract, we present early results from a mixed-methods study of the practices, policies, and perceptions of algorithmic crime mapping in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We investigate this differential by visualizing potential demographic biases from publicly available crime data over 12 years (2005-2016) and conducting semi-structured interviews of 19 city stakeholders and provide future research directions from this study.
The role of microstructural integrity of major language pathways in narrative speech in the first year after stroke.

Abstract Background and Purpose Left hemisphere stroke often results in a variety of language deficits due to varying patterns of damage to language networks. The Cookie Theft picture description task, a classic, quick bedside assessment, has been shown to quantify narrative speech reliably. In this study, we utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess language network white matter tract correlates of lexical-semantic and syntactic impairments longitudinally. Methods Twenty-eight patients with mild to severe language impairments after left hemispheric lobar and/or subcortical ischemic stroke underwent the Cookie Theft picture description test and DTI up to three different time points: within the first three months, six months and twelve months after stroke. Dorsal and ventral stream language pathways were segmented to obtain DTI integrity metrics of both hemispheres. Multivariable regression models and partial correlation analyses adjusted for age, education, and lesion load were conducted to evaluate the temporal DTI profile of the white matter microstructural integrity of the language tracts as neural correlates of narrative speech within the first year after stroke. Results Among all the major language white matter pathways, the integrity of the left arcuate (AF), inferior fronto-occipital, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi (ILF) were related to picture description performance. After FDR correction, left ILF fractional anisotropy correlated with syntactic cohesiveness (r=0.85,p=0.00087) within the first three months after stroke, whereas at one year post-stroke, the strongest correlations were found between lexical-semantic performance and left AF radial diffusivity (r = −0.71, p = 0.00065). Conclusion Our study provides a temporal profile of associations between the integrity of the main language pathways and lexical semantics and syntactic impairments in left hemispheric strokes.
Development of Tanner Stage–Age Adjusted CDC Height Curves for Research and Clinical Applications

Background and objective Variations in normal pubertal development, pubertal disorders, and race/ethnicity can lead to differences in growth patterns and timing that are not captured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) height-for-chronological age (CAHeight) charts. Therefore, we sought to develop new Tanner stage-adjusted height-for-age (TSAHeight) charts accounting for these differences. Study design Population-based Tanner staging and anthropometric data for 13 358 children age 8 to 18 years from 3 large US national surveys: National Health Examination Surveys (NHES cycle III); the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (HHANES) and the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III) were analyzed. TSAHeight semi-parametric models with additive age splines were used to develop smoothed TSAHeight curves accounting for maturation stage and calendar age. Results As expected, the TSAHeight curves did not track along the respective percentile curves for the CDC 2000 CAHeight curves. We generated race/ethnicity-nonspecific and race/ethnicity-specific TSAHeight charts stratified by sex and plotted against the CDC 2000 CAHeight curves to account for the pubertal status differences between these models. An online calculator to adjust height for pubertal status was created. Conclusions TSAHeight charts provide a much-needed tool to assess and manage linear growth for US children over the course of puberty. These tools may be useful in clinical management of children with pubertal timing variations.
HUNTING PRESSURE MODULATES PRION INFECTION RISK IN MULE DEER HERDS.

The emergence of chronic wasting disease, an infectious prion disease of multiple deer species, has motivated international calls for sustainable, socially accepted control measures. Here, we describe long-term, spatially replicated relationships in Colorado, US, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herds that show hunting pressure can modulate apparent epidemic dynamics as reflected by prevalence trends. Across 12 areas in Colorado studied between 2002–18, those with the largest declines in annual hunting license numbers (pressure) showed the largest increases in the proportion of infected adult (≥2–yr-old) male deer killed by hunters (prevalence); prevalence trends were comparatively flat in most areas where license numbers had been maintained or increased. The mean number of licenses issued in the 2 yr prior best explained observed patterns: increasing licenses lowered subsequent risk of harvesting an infected deer, and decreasing licenses increased that risk. Our findings suggest that harvesting mule deer with sufficient hunting pressure might control chronic wasting disease—especially when prevalence is low—but that harvest prescriptions promoting an abundance of mature male deer contribute to the exponential growth of epidemics.
Timescales and Magnitude of Water Quality Change in Three Texas Estuaries Induced by Passage of Hurricane Harvey

Tropical cyclones represent a substantial disturbance to water quality in coastal ecosystems via storm surge, winds, and flooding. However, evidence to date suggests that the impacts of tropical cyclones on water quality are generally short-lived (days-months) and that the magnitude of the disturbance is related to proximity to storm track. Discrete and continuous water samples were collected in three Texas estuaries before and after Hurricane Harvey made landfall in 2017. Of the three estuaries, the Guadalupe Estuary and its watershed received the highest rainfall totals and wind speeds. An ephemeral increase in salinity was observed (mean of 9.8 on 24 August 2017 to a peak of 32.1 on 26 August 2017) due to storm surge and was followed by a rapid decrease to < 1 as floodwaters reached the estuary. Salinity returned to pre-storm levels within 1 month. During the low salinity period, bottom water hypoxia developed and lasted for 9 days. In all three estuaries, there was an increase in inorganic nutrients post-Harvey, but the nutrients largely returned to pre-storm baseline levels by winter. The lack of long-term water quality impacts from Harvey despite its severity corroborates previous findings that estuarine water quality tends to return to baseline conditions within days to a few months after storm passage.
In Situ Micro-Pillar Compression to Examine Radiation-Induced Hardening Mechanisms of FeCrAl Alloys

The effects of 5 MeV Fe2+ ion irradiation at 300 °C on the microstructure evolution and deformation behavior of a FeCrAl C26M alloy are presented. It has been found that dislocation loop density increases an order of magnitude from 1 dpa to 16 dpa irradiations, whereas, the dislocation loop size saturates with increasing damage. Micropillars, 600 nm in diameter and 1.3 um in height, were fabricated and compressed inside grains with , and crystallographic orientations, respectively. {112} has been identified as the primary slip system. The irradiation-induced hardening generally follows the prediction of Orowan dispersed barrier hardening equation, even though the exact increasement of yield stress after irradiation is presented heterogeneously across three orientations. Detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed to quantify the Burgers vector and the distribution of irradiation induced dislocations. It is revealed that localized shear instability is caused by avalanche slip events of ½ dislocations gliding out of tested pillars. Simultaneously, a large number of sessile/immobile dislocations formed in the vicinity of slip band, leading to the hardening at elevated strains.
Cells, Organelles, and Biomolecules

This chapter discusses the structures and functions of chemicals found in living cells. The cell is the fundamental unit of life. Microscopic examination of any living organism reveals that it is composed of membrane-enclosed structures called cells. Biomolecules are composed of a small number of light elements. Biochemical reactions are a subset of ordinary chemical reactions. Despite the enormous complexity of the cell and the wide range of elements available in the Earth's crust, the cell is composed mostly of four elements: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Cells and their organelles are composed of small molecules and macromolecules. Carbohydrates, such as lipids, are primarily hydrocarbon structures, but they also contain many polar hydroxyl groups, which makes them very soluble in water. Hydrogen bonds form among the hydrogen atoms of amino or hydroxyl groups and other nitrogen or oxygen groups that lack covalently bonded hydrogen atoms. All living systems, no matter how big or how small, are composed of membrane-enclosed objects known as cells. Biochemical reactions are governed by the same principles as ordinary chemical reactions, but are more limited in number. Water is the major component of all cells. Besides water, the mass of cells is made up of four types of macromolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. The three-dimensional structures formed by the four major classes of macromolecules are heavily influenced by the way in which the macromolecules interact with water and with themselves.