cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of organic adsorbates on model glass surfaces

Abstract Model silicate glasses in planar thin film structures are prepared using sol/gel techniques. A typical structure consists of 3.0–12.0 nm of glass on vapor deposited Ag. In this study, a pure silica and a 50/50 binary alumina-silica films are examined. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is adsorbed from chlorobenzene solution onto the surfaces. Infrared reflection (IR) spectroscopy, ellipsometry and quartz oscillator microgravimetry (QOM) are applied to characterize the PMMA/silicate glass interfaces formed. The QOM and IR data show that PMMA adsorption on the pure silica surface is irreversible with respect to removal by pure solvent rinse while on the binary glass surface and on a pure alumina surface, solvent rinses remove the initially adsorbed polymer. These results are interpreted in terms of Bronsted acid-base interactions involving the basic properties of the PMMA CO group, the acidic nature of the silica and the more basic nature of the alumina containing surfaces. Further evidence for this interpretation is given by the IR spectral data which show broadening of the CO stretching mode to lower frequencies for the irreversible adsorbed polymer on silica as compared with simulated spectra of non-surface bonding PMMA thin films. This spectral perturbation is interpreted as evidence for a hydrogen bonding interaction between OH groups on the silica surface and the CO groups. The overall conclusion is that the surface of a 50/50 binary alumina-silica composition is dominated by the basic nature of alumina.
985 CLINICAL EFFICACY AND PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF MOXALACTAM (MLM) IN PEDIATRIC SKELETAL INFECTIONS

985 CLINICAL EFFICACY AND PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF MOXALACTAM (MLM) IN PEDIATRIC SKELETAL INFECTIONS
Spectral studies on cytochrome d ofAzotobacter vinelandii

Carbon monoxide binding and photodissociation (photolysis) properties of cytochrome d in the membrane electron transport particles ofAzotobacter vinelandii were investigated at cold temperature. The Soret absorption spectrum of cytochrome d was revealed. The evidence supports the thesis that cytochrome d is the major oxidase that carries out NADH oxidative pathway to oxygen at the late-log stage of cell growth inAzotobacter vinelandii.
Theory of a Structural Phase Transition in Perovskite-Type Crystals

Structural phase transitions in perovskite crystals involving displacements of the oxygen octahedra due to the condensation of linear combinations of the triply degenerate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{25}$ modes at the $R$ corner of the Brillouin zone are discussed with the help of a model Hamiltonian. These distortions are essentially rotations. We consider separately the cases of rotations of the octahedra about a cube axis (SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) and about a cube diagonal (LaAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$). The temperature dependences of the distortion angle and of the frequencies of the soft ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{25}$ optical modes have been calculated. An approximate self-consistently determined free-energy expression is given from which the internal energy and the specific heat are derived. The theory is compared with the experimental results on the transition from the cubic to the tetragonal phase in SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and to the trigonal phase in LaAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.
Teaching stories and local understandings

Abstract Educational research—indeed all research—is essentially about universals, that is, what is true generally of schools, teachers, students, learning, and so forth. Practice, on the other hand, is concrete, immediate, particular, and local. And, most important, the situations in which teaching and learning practice occur are locally understood. What works, therefore, is necessarily a local matter.
CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ADVANCED GLAUCOMA DAMAGE

Objective To determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) is related to the levelof glaucoma severity at the initial examination. Methods The initial visit to a glaucoma specialist by consecutive patients withprimary open-angle glaucoma from 1997 to 2002 was reviewed retrospectively.Each patient's age, sex, race, family history of glaucoma, number of glaucomamedications, visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, CCT,visual field data, and vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratios were analyzed. Results Three hundred fifty eyes of 190 patients met the inclusion and exclusioncriteria. Central corneal thickness was significantly lower in blacks (mean,537 µm) than in whites (mean, 556 µm). Lower CCT was significantlyassociated with worsened Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score, worsenedmean deviation of visual field, increased vertical and horizontal cup-discratios, and increased number of glaucoma medications. In multivariate analysis,lower CCT was significantly associated with worsened Advanced Glaucoma InterventionStudy score, worsened mean deviation of visual field, and increased verticaland horizontal cup-disc ratios. Conclusions Central corneal thickness is a powerful clinical factor in determiningglaucoma severity at the initial examination by a specialist. Measuring CCTmay aid the ophthalmologist in identification of glaucoma patients at highrisk for progression.
From defending the walls to improving global medical education: fifty years of collaboration between the ECFMG and the NBME.

AbstractThe author outlines the intertwining roles of the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG), which is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2006, and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) in meeting needs for assessment of international medical graduates. Both organ
SU-FF-T-181: Dosimetric Comparison of a Semi-Conductor Array (MapCheck), EDR2 Film and Ion-Chamber in the Commissioning of Enhanced Dynamic Wedges On a Varian Linear Accelerator (21 EX)

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of Mapcheck, EDR2 film and ion‐chamber for enhanced dynamic wedge (EDWs) on a Varian Linear Accelerator (21‐EX). Method and Materials:Dosimetric measurements for the entire range of available field‐sizes (4×4cm2 to 30×30cm2) for both 6‐ and 23‐MV photon beams on 21‐EX were performed as a part of commissioning of EDWs. Eclipse computed dose profiles in the coronal plane at 5cm depth for 100MUs were compared with measurement using a 445 diode‐array (MapCheck; Sun Nuclear Corp.) after calibrating it for relative and absolute dosimetry. Planar dose measurements were also repeated using EDR2 radiographicfilm. Each film was digitized with 0.17mm resolution using the RIT 113 filmdosimetry system (Radiological Imaging Technology) and converted to dose using an appropriate H&D curve. These measurements were also compared with those made using a 0.6cc Farmer chamber. Results: For the majority of the EDWs and field size geometries, the CAX dose values between MapCheck measurement and Eclipse computed values were within 2% except for very large wedge angles at large field sizes. Interestingly, for field sizes less than 10×10cm2, the results of MapCheck device demonstrated a better agreement to the TPS computed values than those of ion‐chamber measurement which could be attributed to the miniature size of the diode detector. Also, EDR2 filmdosimetry showed consistent 2‐3% over‐response for all wedge angles and field sizes which was very evident at the toe region of EDW. Conclusion: The three measurement detection systems were used to verify the beam profiles and depth doses of EDW. Our results have demonstrated the superiority of MapCheck device in the commissioning and routine QA of EDW over EDR2 film that had an inherent over‐response of 2–3% despite an appropriate H&D curve. The only disadvantage of the Mapcheck device was its restrictive measurement area of 20×20cm2.
Helper effects on breeder allocations to direct care

Introduction: Mothers receive childcare and productive assistance from allomaternal helpers in many societies. Although much effort has been aimed toward showing helper effects on maternal reproductive success, less has been directed toward highlighting the full range of potential effects on breeder behavior. I present a model of optimal maternal care with helpers, and tests of derived hypotheses with data collected among the Karo Batak—a group of Indonesian agriculturalists. Methods: To test the model's predictions I compared the effect of women receiving help from patrilateral versus matrilateral kin because those kin may provide help with different maternal responsibilities. The model predicts a decrease in maternal allocation to care that is substitutable with the helper contribution and the helper assists with that type of care; it predicts an increase in care that is nonsubstitutable with the helper contribution or substitutable care when the helper assists with other responsibilities. With the exception of one other, most models have failed to account for an increase. Results/Conclusions: Analyses of time spent carrying children supported the model. With matrilateral helpers, women increased carrying; with patrilateral helpers, they decreased it. Time spent farmworking showed the opposite pattern, suggesting that matrilateral helpers effectively decrease costs, nudging optimal maternal care upward. Patterns of breastfeeding provided little support for the model. The results do, however, suggest potential proximate mechanisms by which helpers influence maternal reproductive success in cooperative breeding societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Receptor specificity defines algogenic properties of propofol and fospropofol.

BACKGROUND: Propofol-evoked injection site pain is not observed with fospropofol. We hypothesized that unlike propofol, fospropofol does not activate the irritant receptor, transient receptor potential 1 (TRPA1). METHODS: We tested the hypothesis using electrophysiology and behavioral studies. RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that propofol (100 μM) evokes an inward current only in TRPA1-expressing neurons. However, fospropofol (100 μM and 1 mM) is unable to evoke depolarizing currents in either TRPA1-positive or TRPA1-negative neurons. Both propofol and fospropofol produced general anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of algogenic activity in fospropofol is most likely the result of its inability to activate TRPA1 on nociceptors.
Part II: Endovascular Therapy: A Cardiovascular Surgeon's Experience

Dr. Dorros: Our next speaker has evolved from a cardiovascular surgeon doing vascular surgery to a cardiovascular surgeon performing endovascular therapy of bifurcation disease. We have asked Dr. Diethrich from the Arizona Heart Institute to give us a cardiovascular surgeon's perspective.
TPD and ESD of hydrogen from disilane covered Si(100)

Abstract Disilane covered Si(100) was investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and electron stimulated desorption (ESD) for various disilane exposures. At low coverages, only monohydride species are observed on the surface as seen by TPD. At high coverages, dihydride species appear. Kinetic energy distributions (KEDs) for H+ and H− were also obtained from Si(100) covered with varying amounts of disilane. Both H+ and H− KEDs exhibited two peaks each, suggesting that there are at least two types of hydrogen bound states on the surface. ESD decay curves were also obtained and exhibited double exponential decay behavior. ESD total cross sections were calculated using H+ and H− signal decays and compared with related data from the literature.
Complexes of technetium with polyhydric ligands

Abstract Polyhydric complexes of Tc(V) show absorption bands near 500 nm, with molar absorptivity coefficients of about 100. The shorter-chain compounds like ethylene glycol produce complexes which quickly disproportionate to Tc(IV) (as TcO2) and Tc(VII) (asTcO4−) on acidification. The longer-chain ligands like mannitol and gluconate do not. However, while the mannitol complex shows no change in spectrum from pH 12 to pH 3, the gluconate and glucoheptonate compounds show a definite spectral change on acidification, starting at pH 5. Electrophoresis similarity showed a change in mobility with pH for Tc-glucoheptonate, but none for Tc-mannitol. It was concluded that the carboxylic acid group of glucoheptonate was not binding the technetium. In 25 molal choline chloride the glucoheptonate-Tc mole ratio was 1:1 or less. A similar result emerged from a similar experiment in methylcellosolve as solvent.
Role of radiation and surface plasmon in optical interactions between nano-objects on metal surface

It was recently suggested that both radiation and surface plasmon participate in optical interactions between nano-objects on metal surface. We investigate their individual contributions and demonstrate the substantial role of radiation for nano-objects with subwavelength-spacing.
Analysis of minor fractures associated with joints and faulted joints

Abstract In this paper, we use fracture mechanics to interpret conditions responsible for secondary cracks that adorn joints and faulted joints in the Entrada Sandstone in Arches National Park, U.S.A. Because the joints in most places accommodated shearing offsets of a few mm to perhaps 1 dm, and thus became faulted joints, some of the minor cracks are due to faulting. However, in a few places where the shearing was zero, one can examine minor cracks due solely to interaction of joint segments at the time they formed. We recognize several types of minor cracks associated with subsequent faulting of the joints. One is the kink, a crack that occurs at the termination of a straight joint and whose trend is abruptly different from that of the joint. Kinks are common and should be studied because they contain a great deal of information about conditions during fracturing. The sense of kinking indicates the sense of shear during faulting: a kink that turns clockwise with respect to the direction of the main joint is a result of right-lateral shear, and a kink that turns counterclockwise is a result of left-lateral shear. Furthermore, the kink angle is related to the ratio of the shear stress responsible for the kinking to the normal stress responsible for the opening of the joint. The amount of opening of a joint at the time it faulted or even at the time the joint itself formed can be estimated by measuring the kink angle and the amount of strike-slip at some point along the faulted joint. Other fractures that form near terminations of pre-existing joints in response to shearing along the joint are horsetail fractures. Similar short fractures can occur anywhere along the length of the joints. The primary value in recognizing these fractures is that they indicate the sense of faulting accommodated by the host fracture and the direction of maximum tension. Even where there has been insignificant regional shearing in the Garden Area, the joints can have ornate terminations. Perhaps the simplest is a veer, where the end of one joint segment turns gradually toward a nearby joint segment. The veer is a result of a nearby, shear-stress-free face such as a joint surface. Our greatest difficulty has been explaining long overlap of parallel joint segments, that is, the lack of veer. The only plausible explanation we know is suggested by the research of Cottrell and Rice, that high compression parallel to the joint segments will tend to prevent the joints from turning toward one another. The most interesting and puzzling fractures are stepped joints and associated echelon cracks, in which the slight misalignment of the stepped joints suggests mild left-lateral shear, while the strong misalignment of echelon cracks that continue the traces of the stepped joints suggests strong right-lateral shear. The stepped joints are thought to reflect local left-lateral shearing that acted over an area of several thousand square metres, whereas the stepped echelon cracks reflect local interaction between the tips of nearby joints propagating in different directions.
Relation between gastric secretion of acid and urinary excretion of calcium after oral supplements of calcium

The object of this study was to determine in 12 healthy subjects the relation between gastric secretion of acid and absorption of calcium from two different preparations of calcium, as judged from increased outputs of calcium in the urine. The increase in urinary output of calcium after solid calcium carbonate was greater in the subjects with the most gastric secretion of acid. The absorption of calcium after a solution of monocalcium citrate was independent of gastric secretion of acid. In the four subjects with the least gastric secretion of acid, there was no absorption of calcium after calcium carbonate, but the absorption after monocalcium citrate was as great as that for those who secreted greater amounts of acid.
Modeling the effects of meteorology on ozone in Houston using cluster analysis and generalized additive models

Abstract This paper compares the results from a single-stage clustering technique (average linkage) with those of a two-stage technique (average linkage then k-means) as part of an objective meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate ozone’s dependence on meteorology in the Houston, Texas, area. When applied to twelve years of meteorological data (1981–1992), each clustering technique identified seven statistically distinct meteorological regimes. The majority of these regimes exhibited significantly different daily 1 h maximum ozone (O3) concentrations, with the two-stage approach resulting in a better segregation of the mean concentrations when compared to the single-stage approach. Both approaches indicated that the largest daily 1 h maximum concentrations are associated with migrating anticyclones that occur most often during spring and summer, and not with the quasi-permanent Bermuda High that often dominates the southeastern United States during the summer. As a result, maximum ozone concentrations are just as likely during the months of April, May, September and October as they are during the summer months. Generalized additive models were then developed within each meteorological regime in order to identify those meteorological covariates most closely associated with O3 concentrations. Three surface wind covariates: speed, and the u and v components were selected nearly unanimously in those meteorological regimes dominated by anticyclones, indicating the importance of transport within these O3 conducive meteorological regimes.
Formation of iron(III) hydroxides from homogeneous solutions

The technique of precipitation from homogeneous solutions was used in this study to simulate the formation of iron(III) hydroxides under conditions similar to those at the redox boundary of natural waters. The technique allowed the precipitation of iron(III) hydroxides to occur, while the precipitant iron(III) was generated very slowly by the oxygenation of iron(II) and, subsequently, hydrolyzed. During the precipitation, pH heterogeneity did not occur locally as was usually observed in the conventional preparation of iron(III) hydroxides in the laboratory (e.g. addition of a base to an acidic solution of iron(III). Thus, the rapid hydrolysis and the extensive polymerization of iron(III) hydroxides were effectively prevented, particularly at the early stage of the precipitation. The iron(III) precipitates formed in this way are more representative of iron(III) hydroxides occurring particularly at the redox boundary of natural waters than those formed by the conventional procedure in the laboratory. The effects of various solutes, such as H4SiO4, H2PO−4 and oxalate which commonly occur in natural waters, on the composition, size and shape of the iron(III) hydroxides formed have also been studied.
Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase Isoform 4b Binds to Membrane-associated Guanylate Kinase (MAGUK) Proteins via Their PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) Domains

Abstract Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases are P-type pumps important for intracellular Ca2+homeostasis. The extreme C termini of alternatively spliced “b”-type Ca2+ pump isoforms resemble those of K+ channels andN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits that interact with channel-clustering proteins of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family via PDZ domains. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated strong interaction of Ca2+ pump 4b with the PDZ1+2 domains of several mammalian MAGUKs. Pump 4b and PSD-95 could be co-immunoprecipitated from COS-7 cells overexpressing these proteins. Surface plasmon resonance revealed that a C-terminal pump 4b peptide interacted with the PDZ1+2 domains of hDlg with nanomolar affinity (K D = 1.6 nm), whereas binding to PDZ3 was in the micromolar range (K D = 1.2 μm). In contrast, the corresponding C-terminal peptide of Ca2+ pump 2b interacted weakly with PDZ1+2 and not at all with PDZ3 of hDlg. Ca2+ pump 4b bound strongly to PDZ1+2+3 of hDlg on filter assays, whereas isoform 2b bound weakly, and the splice variants 2a and 4a failed to bind. Together, these data demonstrate a direct physical binding of Ca2+ pump isoform 4b to MAGUKs via their PDZ domains and reveal a novel role of alternative splicing within the family of plasma membrane Ca2+ pumps. Alternative splicing may dictate their specific interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins, potentially influencing their localization and incorporation into functional multiprotein complexes at the plasma membrane.
Zinc finger proteins: getting a grip on RNA

C2H2 (Cys-Cys-His-His motif) zinc finger proteins are members of a large superfamily of nucleic-acid-binding proteins in eukaryotes. On the basis of NMR and X-ray structures, we know that DNA sequence recognition involves a short alpha helix bound to the major groove. Exactly how some zinc finger proteins bind to double-stranded RNA has been a complete mystery for over two decades. This has been resolved by the long-awaited crystal structure of part of the TFIIIA-5S RNA complex. A comparison can be made with identical fingers in a TFIIIA-DNA structure. Additionally, the NMR structure of TIS11d bound to an AU-rich element reveals the molecular details of the interaction between CCCH fingers and single-stranded RNA. Together, these results contrast the different ways that zinc finger proteins bind with high specificity to their RNA targets.
Optical coherence tomography microangiography for monitoring the response of vascular perfusion to external pressure on human skin tissue

Characterization of the relationship between external pressure and blood flow is important in the examination of pressure-induced disturbance in tissue microcirculation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based microangiography is a promising imaging technique, capable of providing the noninvasive extraction of functional vessels within the skin tissue with capillary-scale resolution. Here, we present a feasibility study of OCT microangiography (OMAG) to evaluate changes in blood perfusion in response to externally applied pressure on human skin tissue in vivo. External force is loaded normal to the tissue surface at the nailfold region of a healthy human volunteer. An incremental force is applied step by step and then followed by an immediate release. Skin perfusion events including baseline are continuously imaged by OMAG, allowing for visualization and quantification of the capillary perfusion in the nailfold tissue. The tissue strain maps are simultaneously evaluated through the available OCT structural images to assess the relationship of the microcirculation response to the applied pressure. The results indicate that the perfusion progressively decreases with the constant increase of pressure. Reactive hyperemia occurs right after the removal of the pressure. The perfusion returns to the baseline level after a few minutes. These findings suggest that OMAG may have great potential for quantitatively assessing tissue microcirculation in the locally pressed tissue in vivo.
Characterization of Alpha Contamination in Lanthanum Trichloride Scintillators Using Coincidence Measurements

The commercial availability of LaCl3:Ce scintillators has been much anticipated due to their significantly lower resolution relative to NaI(Tl). Our investigation of these scintillators in regards to the effect of their improved resolution for coincidence gamma-ray measurement applications revealed that the scintillators had a large, internal alpha contamination affecting the gamma-ray energy range from 1700-3000 keV. One passive method of identifying contaminants relies on exploiting coincident signatures. Aided by a coincidence lookup library developed at PNNL, we determined that the parent contaminant is Ac-227 via an alpha-gamma coincidence measurement. In this paper, we characterize the level of contamination and describe our coincidence measurement technique. The Ac-227 concentration was approximately 0.13 ppt. We demonstrate that this coincidence technique measures minimum detectable activities much lower than singles gamma-ray spectroscopy. We also discuss gamma- and beta-contamination in these scintillators.
Advances in the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Premenstrual disorders negatively impact the quality of life and functional ability of millions of women. The two generally recognized premenstrual disorders are premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). These disorders are characterized by a wide variety of nonspecific mood, somatic and behavioral symptoms that occur only during the late luteal phase of a woman's cycle and disappear soon after the onset of menstruation. This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria for PMS and PMDD, describes some of the more common symptom diaries and other tools used to diagnose premenstrual disorders, and discusses the challenges inherent in diagnosing PMS and PMDD. A survey of peer-reviewed articles and relevant texts provided diagnostic criteria, descriptions of diagnostic tools and information about diagnostic challenges. The many nonspecific symptoms associated with premenstrual disorders complicate the diagnostic process. The use of proven symptom diaries and other diagnostic tools should aid in the differential diagnosis of premenstrual disorders. Patients need to report bothersome premenstrual symptoms, and clinicians should become more proficient in the diagnostic process in order to prevent underdiagnosis of these disorders.
Ultrasound of the Fetal Brain

Ultrasound examination of the fetal central nervous system (CNS) distinguishes itself from the sonographic evaluation of all other organs or organ systems because during the course of pregnancy, the CNS (mainly the fetal brain) undergoes significant changes, in size and in the shape of its different anatomic regions, which follow a well-defined timeline and can be recognized sonographically. The developmental milestones of the CNS from the time of its first sonographic detection to term can, and should, be taken into consideration when a fetal neurosonogram is performed. This article describes a systematic approach to the evaluation of the fetal brain by discussing the differential diagnosis of two important sonographic findings, namely ventriculomegaly and an enlarged posterior fossa, and by touching on other important brain abnormalities.
Epidemiology of non-fatal US emergency room visits for road crashes involving pedestrians in wheelchairs

This study aims to quantify and describe the risk of non-fatal pedestrian injury among persons who use wheelchairs in the US. Cases of pedestrian injury between 2002 and 2010 among persons using wheelchairs were identified in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to generate national injury estimates. Between 2002 and 2010, an estimated 9348 (95% CI 4912 to 13,784) people were treated in emergency departments for non-fatal pedestrian injuries sustained while using wheelchairs. Using wheelchair-use denominators calculated from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this equates to an incidence rate of 31.3 (95% CI 16.4 to 46.1) per 100,000 person-years. Injury risk was 3.5 times higher for men than women (p<0.001). Contusions, abrasions, and lacerations (42.7%) and fractures (16.4%) were most common. The head and neck (24.7%) and lower extremities (28.4%) were most often injured. A fifth (21.4%) of injuries required hospitalisation, and 89.2% occurred in traffic on public roadways.
Comprehensive Income Options: A Detriment To Transparency

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 1997 compromised its belief that comprehensive income (CI) should be listed either in a combined statement of net income and CI or in a separate statement of CI and allowed corporations to choose using the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity (SCSE). Of course, the latter option implies just as Jordan and Clark (2002) suggest, that CI is not a measure of financial performance. Studies incorporating professional analysts by Hirst and Hopkins (1998) and a study of nonprofessional investors by Maines and McDaniel (2000) both conclude that format presentation matters and behaviors can be affected. We believe that FASB should revisit the format structure of CI and eliminate the SCSE option, which was their initial intent before they compromised with corporate managers in 1997. In addition, we believe that all items of other comprehensive income (OCI) – foreign currency translation adjustment, pension value adjustments and adjustment to securities-for-sale should be presented on an after-tax basis only in order to prevent investors from being forced to comb through the footnotes.
Raccoon Roundworm Eggs near Homes and Risk for Larva Migrans Disease, California Communities

The raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious or fatal larva migrans disease in humans and animals. We assessed the potential for infection in three northern California communities by determining the density and distribution of raccoon latrines, where transmission primarily occurs, and the prevalence of eggs at private residences. We collected fecal samples from 215 latrines and found that 44%-53% of the latrines contained B. procyonis eggs and that 16%–32% contained infective eggs. Among the properties surveyed, 28%-49% harbored at least one latrine that was positive for B. procyonis eggs. The latrine densities in these communities were higher than any previously reported. The presence of B. procyonis eggs in raccoon latrines was common, widespread, and closely associated with human habitation. Where raccoon densities are high, education of the public and removal of raccoons may be necessary.
Experiments dealing with the inhibition and release of lens regeneration in eyes of adult newts.

Nine groups of experiments on 537 eyes of adult newts, Triturus v. viridescens, examined conditions under which lens regeneration is inhibited or released from dorsal iris tissue. The lens is quite vulnerable for it degenerates when the lens capsule is injured and when the neural retina degenerates following a temporary loss of blood supply. Degeneration of neural retina in lentectomized eyes delays lens regeneration from both implanted and host dorsal iris. If degeneration of neural retina is induced after lens regeneration begins its further development is temporarily retarded until the neural retina proceeds to regenerate. If one of two large lens regenerates in a single eye is removed, one from the host eye or one from an implanted segment of dorsal iris, the surviving lens inhibits further lens regeneration from any dorsal iris tissue present. Two dorsal halves of eyes can be fused into one normal appearing unit which regenerates two lenses, one from each half. When one lens is removed the remaining lens inhibits lens regeneration from either half in the environment of a normal amount of neural retina. If a plastic membrane is implanted to divide the upper and lower halves of the eye into two separate chambers, each with its own aqueous humor and half of the neural retina, lens regeneration from the isolated iris above is no longer inhibited by the intact normal lens below.
Does Limited Internal Femoral Rotation Increase Peak Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain During a Simulated Pivot Landing

Background:Many factors contributing to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk have been investigated. Recently, some ACL-injured individuals have presented with a decreased range of hip internal rotation compared with controls. The pathomechanics of why decreased hip range of motion increases risk of ACL injury have not yet been studied.Hypothesis:Peak relative strain of the anteromedial bundle of the ACL (AM-ACL) during a simulated single-leg pivot landing is inversely related to the available range of internal femoral rotation.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:A series of pivot landings were simulated in 10 female and 10 male human knee specimens with a testing apparatus that applied a 2-bodyweight impulsive load, inducing knee compression, flexion moment, and internal tibial torque. The range of internal femoral rotation was (1) locked at ~0°, (2) limited with a hard stop to ~7°, (3) limited with a hard stop to ~11°, or (4) free, with rotation resisted by 2 springs to simulate the...
Contraceptive Use in Yemen: A Component Analysis

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of modernization on current use of modern contraception in the Republic of Yemen. We used modernization theory as well as Ryder's cohort-historical model to investigate the change in fertility variables across cohorts. Data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1991 and 1997 in Yemen are used. It has been argued that in Islamic societies such as Yemen, the extent of contraceptive use is more likely to be determined by religious values than by external forces of change. However, our findings suggest that the social context of contraceptive use in Yemen is similar to the preconditions attained in societies that have experienced improvements in contraceptive use during the stage of fertility decline. We have discussed in detail the policy implications of our findings.
Evaluation of Liver Disease

The liver is the most complex internal organ in terms of its functions. In addition to its roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, it is the major site of drug metabolism, an important issue in critical care medicine and anesthesiology. Like many other organs, the liver has an extensive reserve capacity, so that many persons with liver disease may have normal or near-normal liver function.
Are you Paying Attention? Female Wolf Spiders Increase Dragline Silk Advertisements When Males do not Court

Females of many spider species invest in chemical advertisements to attract males, yet variation in investment relative to the presence or quality of males remains poorly understood. Males of the wolf spider Pardosa milvina court females longer and more intensively when in contact with female silk and also court more intensively when encountering silk from virgin rather than mated females; therefore, females may use silk as a medium to advertise their receptivity to mate. We estimated female investment in advertisements by measuring variation in the quantity and type of silk deposited by females in the presence or absence of males and among males that varied in their courtship intensity. We measured dragline silk, cord silk, and attachment disk deposition from females on gridded sheets of paper in response to four stimuli over a 30-min period (n = 39/treatment): (1) an intensively (high) courting male with access to female silk, (2) a weakly courting or non-courting male (low) without access to female silk, (3) no male present, but female silk present (silk control), and (4) no stimulus present (control). Females produced significantly more dragline silk and significantly less cord silk in the presence of low-courting males compared to any other treatment, but we found no difference in attachment disk deposition across treatments. Our results suggest that females invest more heavily in dragline deposition when encountering low-courting males. Additional studies are necessary to determine the relative role of different silk types in male–female sexual communication.
A Multicultural Service Sensitivity Exercise for Marketing Students.

Services marketing and retailing courses place service quality at the heart of the curriculum, painting service providers as defenders of their customers’ welfare and thwarters of service failures ...
Scientific Uncertainty and Learning in European Union Environmental Policymaking

Scientific uncertainty characterizes policy/making in many environmental issue areas. Policymakers must rely on scientists to bring environmental problems to their attention, design and prescribe policy solutions, and to define and evaluate policy effectiveness. An important theoretical question is: What role does organizational learning play in amelioration of scientific uncertainty and shaping environmental policy. This study examines the political processes and policy outcomes associated with European Union policymaking to revise water quality directives and deal with climate change to ascertain and describe the role played by organizational learning. The evidence suggests that organizational learning is occurring as an integral part of the political dynamics of policymaking in these two issue areas.
Jack Henry Abbott, American Prison Writing, and the Experience of Punishment

What the environment of prison does to its inhabitants can be better understood if we listen to the voices of men in prison, and the rise of the prison writer gives us a new and deeper data base for hypotheses to guide research. Jack Henry Abbott, as the best of these writers, raises disturbing questions about the functional utility of the maximum security prison. The most alarming suggestion of Abbott and others is that men being punished do not know why. No positive learning can derive from an experience so unreasonable, so lacking in compassion, as the realities of our prisons.
Transformation of mono- and dichlorinated phenoxybenzoates by phenoxybenzoate-dioxygenase in pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes POB310 and a modified diarylether-metabolizing bacterium.

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes POB310 contains genes that encode phenoxybenzoate dioxygenase. The enzyme transforms mono- and dichlorinated phenoxybenzoates to yield protocatechuate that is used as a growth substrate and chlorophenols that are nonmetabolizable. Mass spectral analysis of 18O metabolites obtained from the protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase-deficient mutant, POB310-B1, suggested that the reaction mechanism is a regioselective angular dioxygenation. A cloning vector containing reaction relevant genes (pD30.9) was transferred into Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 containing a modified ortho-cleavage pathway for aromatic compounds. The resultant Pseudomonas sp. strain B13-D5 (pD30.9) completely metabolized 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzoate. During growth on 3-phenoxybenzoate, strain B13-D5 (pD30.9) (Ks = 0.70 ± 0.04 mM, μmax = 0.45 ± 0.03 h−1, td = 1.5 h, Y = 0.45 ± 0.03 g bio- mass · g substrate−1) was better adapted to low substrate concentrations, had a faster rate of growth, and a greater yield than POB310 (Ks = 1.13 ± 0.06 mM, μmax = 0.31 ± 0.02 h−1, td = 2.2 h, Y = 0.39 ± 0.02 g biomass · g substrate−1). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 69: 107–112, 2000.
Realization of area efficient QR factorization using unified division, square root, and inverse square root hardware

The QR factorization is used in many signal processing and communication applications such as echo cancellation, adaptive beamforming and multiple-inputmultiple- output (MIMO) systems. However, division, square root and inverse square root operations required by the QR algorithm are very difficult to implement because they are computationally slow and area-consuming arithmetic operations. This paper presents unified hardware architecture for fast, area efficient QR factorization based on the Householder transformation. Newton-Raphson, and Goldschmidt algorithms are used for fast division, square root and inverse square root blocks. By using a unified architecture, area and power requirements for QR factorization are reduced without decreasing overall speed. The design and implementation of the proposed hardware is presented with synthesis results based on FPGA hardware.
Streamer Branching: The Role of Inhomogeneities and Bubbles

The branching of streamers in atmospheric-pressure air, dense gases, and liquids is a common occurrence whose origins are likely found with many causes, both deterministic and stochastic. In this paper, we investigate the consequences of stochastic inhomogeneities on the propensity of branching of streamers in high-pressure gases.
Bodies, Camera, Screen: Eiko & Koma’s Immersive Media Dances

Eiko & Koma are New York-based Japanese American dance artists known for their subtle, focused, and finely controlled movement vocabulary through which they alter the perception of time and space. For over forty years they have created works for the proscenium stage, outdoor sites, galleries, and the camera that address elemental issues of life, survival, death, and rebirth. Their close and unsparing attention to nature, mourning, and human relationships to other humans and the world around them has won them prestigious awards including Guggenheim, MacArthur, and United States Artist Fellowships, Bessies, and Doris Duke Performing Arts Awards.
HLA class II antigen associated invariant chain gene expression in malignant lymphoma.

Summary. Expression of the gene encoding HLA class II antigen-associated invariant chain was studied in several types of fresh human malignant lymphoma by Northern blot analysis or slot-blot analysis. The invariant chain mRNA levels decreased with the stage of B-lymphocyte differentiation to plasma cells such as in immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL) or multiple myeloma (MM). The invariant chain gene (In-gene) was expressed in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), while its expression was hardly detected in IBL. It is suggested that the difference in In-gene expression between DLCL and IBL could be useful in distinguishing these two morphologically similar diseases.
Interaction of Retroviral Nucleocapsid Proteins With Transfer RNAPhe: A Lead Ribozyme and 1H NMR Study

In the initiation of reverse transcription in retroviruses, nucleocapsid (NC) protein accelerates the rate of annealing of transfer RNA replication primer to a complementary sequence on the genomic RNA. In this report, we have probed the conformational changes induced by HIV-1 NC protein and domain deletion mutants in a structurally well-characterized transfer RNA, yeast tRNAPhe, as a model for the natural primer. One molar equivalent of recombinant 71 amino acid HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC 1-71) is sufficient to completely inhibit the Pb2(+)-ribozyme activity of tRNAPhe at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0 and 15 mM MgCl2, Zn2 HIV-1 NC proteins which lack one or both flexible terminal domains also inhibit the ribozyme activity. 1H NMR spectra acquired for Mg(2+)-tRNAPhe suggest that NC 1-71 and NC 12-55 (lacking residues 1-11 and 56-71) inhibit the lead-ribozyme activity by only modestly altering the active site region rather than inducing large-scale unfolding of the molecule. In the absence of Mg2+, the extent of destabilization of tRNAPhe is greater but appears to be confined to internal regions of the acceptor and T psi C helices, as evidenced by the selectively enhanced exchange rates for imino protons associated with these base pairs. These findings show that NC destabilizes the folded form of tRNAPhe and by extension, other complex RNAs, in tertiary and secondary structural regions most susceptible to thermally-induced denaturation.
Oscillator jitter due to supply and substrate noise

Oscillators used in digital systems experience substantial supply and substrate noise. This paper describes the timing jitter of oscillators in such applications, demonstrating that the contribution of device electronic noise is typically much less significant than that due to environmental noise. We utilize a frequency modulation model to predict the jitter, and study the effect of design parameters such as device dimensions and number of stages.
Genetik der Nikotinabhängigkeit

Die korperliche Abhangigkeit von Nikotin ist eine genetisch bedingte Suchtkrankheit, die es den Betroffenen erschwert, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhoren. Sie ist dadurch fur die meisten mit dem Rauchen verbundenen Erkrankungen (mit)verantwortlich ist. In mehreren unabhangigen Studien wurde eine allelische Assoziation zwischen Nikotinabhangigkeit und DNA-Varianten einer Region auf Chromosom 15, die das Gencluster fur die α5-, α3- und β4-Untereinheiten des Nikotinrezeptors beinhaltet, gefunden. Bemerkenswerterweise wurde auch eine Assoziation von Markern der gleichen Region mit Lungenkrebs und der Gruppe der chronisch-obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen detektiert. Dies unterstreicht, wie wichtig das Wissen um die genetischen Ursachen der Nikotinabhangigkeit fur das Verstandnis von Erkrankungen ist, die durch Rauchen verursacht werden.
The Incentive of a Multiproduct Monopolist to Provide All Goods

This note shows that a monopolist facing any linear demand system for n goods and no fixed costs will produce positive quantities of all goods as long as demand is positive for all goods when all are sold at marginal cost. This is in contrast with the traditional view that, in general, a multiproduct monopolist does not produce positive quantities of all goods even though there is positive demand for each of them when prices are equal to marginal cost.
Trans-Lunar Cruise Trajectory Design of GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) Mission

The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission is a part of NASA’s discovery program that will map the lunar gravity field in order to better understand the internal structure of the Moon by sending two orbiters in a low-energy trans-lunar cruise (TLC) trajectory, whose flight time is 90-115 days. This paper focuses on the low-energy TLC trajectory design of the GRAIL mission. The trajectory enters into the Sun-Earth three body region to lower the instantaneous lunar orbit insertion (LOI) V. Since the two spacecraft are launched from a common launch vehicle, two deterministic mid-course maneuvers are required for each trajectory. LOI targets are determined according to the requirements and needs of the GRAIL orbital phases. Once LOI targets are determined, the dual spacecraft low-energy TLC trajectories can be generated optimally depending on the desired constraints and cost functions. The launch targets are one of the products of the trajectory optimization. Some interesting results pertaining to the low-energy TLC trajectories are presented in the form of data and plots.
Nanoconfined Self-Diffusion of Poly(isobutyl methacrylate) in Films with a Thickness-Independent Glass Transition

Even though the physics of nanoconfined polymers have been extensively studied for years, diffusion of polymer chains along confining interfaces has not been widely studied, likely because there ar...
A fully battery-powered inexpensive spectrophotometric system for high-sensitivity point-of-care analysis on a microfluidic chip

A cost-effective b[combining low line]a[combining low line]ttery-powered s[combining low line]pectrophotometric s[combining low line]ystem (BASS) was developed for quantitative point-of-care (POC) analysis on a microfluidic chip. By using methylene blue as a model analyte, we first compared the performance of the BASS with a commercial spectrophotometric system, and further applied the BASS for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection and subsequent quantitative nucleic acid analysis which exhibited a comparable limit of detection to that of Nanodrop. Compared to the commercial spectrophotometric system, our spectrophotometric system is lower-cost, consumes less reagents, and has higher detection sensitivity. Most importantly, it does not rely on external power supplies. All these features make our spectrophotometric system highly suitable for a variety of POC analyses, such as field detection.