cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Worker Ownership, Community Ownership, and Labor Unions: Two Examples

What role do or should US unions play in democratic or worker-owned enterprises? The three major types of US industrial democrats-those favoring collective bargaining, those favoring nonunion, management-run participation, and those favoring setting up alternative organizations-disagree and/or are hostile to each other on this question. This study presents two cases: (1) a set of long-unionized worker-owned companies; and (2) a community-owned economic development organization with unionized workers and union representatives on its board of directors. Qualitative observational and interview data are combined with statistical analysis of attitudinal data. The findings indicate that union presence is problematic for itself and the enterprise. Moreover, the union tends to play a traditional conservative role, emphasizing protection of workers from management abuses, which stem from the imperfect nature of worker/community ownership arrangements and the imperfect nature of democratic management.
Heat fluxes over weak SST heterogeneity

This work was supported by grant N000140810409 to L. Mahrt and grant N000140810438 to D. Khelif, both from the Marine Meteorology Program of the Office of Naval Research.
Processing sheet materials by accumulative roll bonding and reaction annealing from Ti/Al/Nb elemental foils

Abstract The high Nb containing TiAl based alloy, Ti–46Al–9Nb (at.%), was produced using accumulative roll bonding (ARB) followed by two-stage reaction annealing from Ti, Al, and Nb elemental foils. Well-bonded sheet materials were successfully obtained with an initial rolling reduction of 50%. Two-stage annealing of 600 and 1400 °C was employed to promote the formation of intermetallic compounds. The cooling rate was controlled to produce the lamellar structure. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that there were no room temperature solid-state reactions between the Ti/Al/Nb foils, even at 10 cycles. Besides the annealing time and temperature, rolling strain also has a significant effect on the production of the intermetallic compound. Differential thermal analysis was used to characterize the effect of rolling strain on the solid-state reaction and phase formation in the composites during annealing. It is clear that the first annealing stage produced a complete reaction of the Al layers forming the intermetallic compounds TiAl 3 and NbAl 3 . The desired composition and structure of the intermetallic compounds were achieved after the second stage annealing.
The Effect of Gabexate Mesilate on Pancreatic and Hepatic Microcirculation in Acute Experimental Pancreatitis in Rats

Abstract Microcirculatory derangements are important early features in many organs during the process of acute pancreatitis. However, dynamic evaluation of these factors has been difficult. Antiprotease has long been used for the treatment of acute pancreatitis, although its effects and mechanism have not been fully elucidated. The involvement of proteases and microcirculatory derangement early in the course of acute pancreatitis are the main concern of this study. A severe acute pancreatitis model in male Sprague–Dawley rats (225–275 g) was established by adding caerulein (15 μg/kg/hr) in intravenous infusion fluid and intraductal injection of 0.1 ml glycodeoxycholic acid (5 m M ). Gabexate mesilate [GM; ethyl-4-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy)benzoate methanesulfonate], a synthetic antiprotease, was infused intravenously in doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg as a therapeutic intervention in this model. Pathology hematocrit, serum amylase level, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels were used to confirm the severity of disease and effect of therapy. In vivo microscopic technique was used as a investigating tool in this study of microcirculatory derangement in pancreas and liver, 8 hr after induction of acute pancreatitis. GM can significantly improve pathologic criteria and changes of serum amylase levels in the range of 1–10 mg/kg/hr. The severity of changes of hematocrit and GOT was significantly lessened with GM in the range of 0.1–10 mg/kg/hr. This agent also could improve the microcirculatory environment in pancreas and liver after induction of acute pancreatitis according to the parameters, such as flow velocity and rolling leukocyte phenomenon, in the range of 1–10 mg/kg/hr. According to our observation, severity of hyperpermeability had not changed with the treatment of GM. These results indicated the beneficial effects of GM on pancreatic and hepatic microcirculation early in the course of acute pancreatitis. The beneficial effects were noted in serum parameters and hematocrit. The importance of protease activation and remote organ dysfunction is emphasized in the course of acute pancreatitis from this study.
Web 2.0: A new dynamic in information services for libraries

The Internet is transforming users from information consumers into interactive information generators. The growth of Web 2.0 and social computing has been phenomenal. The web has extended beyond a search tool to become a mechanism for participatory content creation and dissemination. We investigate the extent of awareness of the phenomenon among undergraduate and graduate students, the usage of Web 2.0 and social computing sites, and the role of librarians under this new paradigm.
Stem Cells and Parkinson's Disease: Toward a Treatment, Not a Cure

Early clinical trials designed to treat Parkinson's disease by transplantation of fetal tissue containing dopamine neuron precursors yielded promising results, but the approach retains several limitations. Multiple recent papers describe longer-term outcomes in these patients, and two additional studies offer novel approaches that may lead to autologous sources of transplantable dopamine neurons.
Science and theology in the fourteenth century: The subalternate sciences in Oxford commentaries on the sentences

Both Pierre Duhem and his successors emphasized that medieval scholastics created a science of mechanics by bringing both observation and mathematical techniques to bear on natural effects. Recent research into medieval and early modern science has suggested that Aristotle's subalternate sciences also were used in this program, although the degree to which the theory of subalternation had been modified is still not entirely clear. This paper focuses on the English tradition of subalternation between 1310 and 1350, and concludes with a discussion of the theory advanced by Thomas Claxton early in the fifteenth century.
Gut contents of common mummichogs, Fundulus heteroclitus L., in a restored impounded marsh and in natural reference marshes

We examined the gut contents of mummichogs, Fundulus heteroclitus L., entering and leaving ditches in three marsh regions within the Barn Island Wildlife Management Area in Connecticut: a restored impounded valley marsh, a marsh below the impoundment dike (Headquarters Marsh), and an unimpounded valley marsh (Davis Marsh). On the Headquarters Marsh and at certain times on the other two marshes, fish entered the ditches on the flooding tide with relatively little food in their guts and left them on the following ebbing tide with considerably more food in their guts. Since the high tides did not flood the surface of the high marsh, it appears that the ditches are important foraging areas. Major components of the gut contents were detritus, algae, amphipods, tanaids, copepods, and insects. During the summer, fish in the restored impounded marsh consumed less food per unit body weight than did fish inhabiting the other marsh regions.
The Valence Bond Orbital Model as an Interpretive Framework for Understanding Electronic Structure

For purposes of interpretation and understanding, the valence bond orbital model of electronic structure provides a number of advantages over the more common molecular orbital model. This derives primarily from the unique description of valence bond orbitals in terms of highly localized bond pairs, lone pairs, etc. Optimization of the orbitals by a self-consistent-field procedure brings out features which were not evident from the semi-empirical treatments of earlier workers. Calculations on CH4, NH3, H2O and H2S show that optimized valence bond orbitals are often bent even at the equilibrium nuclear configuration and generally do not follow the nuclei when bond angles are varied. Analysis of a large basis set calculation on H2O shows that the valence bond wavefunction can be fitted well with a minimal basis, making it possible to interpret more clearly the connection between hybridization and interorbital angles. It is shown how the valence bond method provides a rigorous basis for factorization even of difficult second order physical properties, such as polarizability, into separated bond and lone pair contributions. These contributions can be further decomposed into sums of atomic valence state values plus corrections due to bond polarization effects. Finally, the advantages of using the valence bond model as a starting point for the perturbation treatment of electron correlation are pointed out. Calculations on H2 and LiH indicate that valence bond theory need only be carried through second order to obtain results comparable in accuracy to a third order treatment based on molecular orbitals.
A discrete-time epidemic model with classes of infectives and susceptibles.

Abstract A discrete-time deterministic model for the spread of infection is formulated which is sufficiently flexible to allow the following possibilities to be considered. 1. (1) There may be a nonzero latent period. 2. (2) There may be a nonzero incubation period. 3. (3) Isolation of infectives may occur. 4. (4) Infectivity may be a function of how long an individual has been infected. 5. (5) Susceptibility to infection or degree of immunity may be a function of time since recovery from a previous infection. Existence and stability of equilibrium states of the model is examined, and a threshold theorem is discussed.
High prevalence of infection in tadpoles increases vulnerability to fungal pathogen in high-Andean amphibians

The amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is causing population declines and species extirpations worldwide. Montane amphibians in tropical and temperate regions are especially vulnerable to chytridiomycosis. High-elevation amphibian assemblages typically include few species, so that epizootics should be limited once high frog mortality hinders transmission of the pathogen. We hypothesized that tadpoles of a high-elevation frog in the Peruvian Andes, Telmatobius jelskii, could function as reservoir for Bd in Andean streams. We postulated that, for tadpoles to function as an efficient reservoir of Bd, they should inhabit streams over extended periods of time, and have high prevalence of Bd. We surveyed streams between 2400 and 4850 m in the wet and dry seasons of 2010, where we captured, swabbed and determined the developmental stage of 458 tadpoles. We found that cohorts of tadpoles overlap continuously in these streams, as a consequence of multiple breeding events throughout the year. Prevalence of Bd among tadpoles averaged 53.1% (95% confidence interval: 49.8–56.3%); 8 out of 13 streams inhabited by T. jelskii had a prevalence greater than 50%. Prevalence of Bd was also higher during the dry season and increased with the age of the tadpoles. Our results support the hypothesis that the year-long presence of infected tadpoles in streams makes high-Andean Telmatobius frogs especially vulnerable to chytridiomycosis. The genus is already extirpated in Ecuador, and has been observed to decline rapidly in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina. Conservation strategies to mitigate the impact of Bd on populations of Telmatobius should consider aquatic life-stages.
Gibsonian Affordances for Roboticists

Using hypersets as an analytic tool, we compare traditionally Gibsonian (Chemero 2003; Turvey 1992) and representationalist (Sahin et al. this issue) understandings of the notion `affordance'. We show that representationalist understandings are incompatible with direct perception and erect barriers between animal and environment. They are, therefore, scarcely recognizable as understandings of `affordance'. In contrast, Gibsonian understandings are shown to treat animal-environment systems as unified complex systems and to be compatible with direct perception. We discuss the fruitful connections between Gibsonian affordances and dynamical systems explanation in the behavioral sciences and point to prior fruitful application of Gibsonian affordances in robotics. We conclude that it is unnecessary to re-imagine affordances as representations in order to make them useful for researchers in robotics.
Variation of HIV-1 Mutation Spectra among Cell Types

The high rates of mutation, recombination, and replication drive HIV-1 diversity. In this study, we investigated how cell type affects viral mutation rate and mutation spectra. In studying four different cell types, no differences in mutation rate were observed, but intriguingly cell type differences impacted HIV-1 mutation spectra. This is the first description of significant differences in HIV-1 mutation spectra observed in different cell types in the absence of changes in the viral mutation rate.
LIGA-fabricated compact mm-wave linear accelerator cavities

Millimeter-wave rf cavities for use in linear accelerators, free-electron lasers, and mm-wave undulatory are under development at Argonne National Laboratory. Typical cavity dimensions are in the 1000 mm range, and the overall length of the accelerator structure, which consists of 30-100 cavities, is about 50-100 mm. An accuracy of 0.2% in the cavity dimensions is necessary in order to achieve a high Q-factor of the cavity. To achieve this these structures are being fabricated using deep X-ray lithography, electroforming, and assembly (LIGA). The first prototype cavity structures are designed for 108 GHz and 2p/3-mode operation. Input and output couplers are integrated with the cavity structures. The cavities are fabricated on copper substrates by electroforming copper into 1-mm-thick PMMA resists patterned by deep x-ray lithography and polishing the copper down to the desired thickness. These are fabricated separately and subsequently assembled with precision spacing and alignment using microspheres, optical fibers, or microfabricated spacers/alignment pieces. Details of the fabrication process, alignment, and assembly work are presented in here.
Spherical Modeling and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Electroporation

Electroporation is an effective means to deliver molecules into the cellular cytoplasm, and has been widely applied in both biological research and clinical applications. The process however suffers from low viability and efficiency. In this work, we present a multi-pulse feedback control scheme for enhancing viability and efficiency of electroporation process. We first present a spherical model for cell transmembrane potential (TMP) dynamics to describe the spatial distribution of electric potential on cell membrane. Then we analyze the models and discuss the bifurcation property of the system. Based on the dynamic models, we design a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) to track pore size profiles in electroporation. We demonstrate that by using NMPC, the pore size can be precisely regulated to targeted values for drug delivery applications. The control design is illustrated through simulation examples.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Inhaled radon-induced genotoxicity in Wistar rat, Syrian hamster, and Chinese hamster deep-lung fibroblasts in vivo

This study was performed (1) to provide a comparison of the genotoxic effects of inhaled radon and radon progeny, referred to as radon in this paper, among three species of rodents: Wistar rats, Syrian hamsters, and Chinese hamsters; (2) to determine if initial chromosome damage was related to the risk of induction of lung cancer; and (3) to evaluate the tissue repair and long-term presence of cytogenetic damage in respiratory tract cells. These species were selected because Syrian hamsters are very resistant to radon induction of lung cancer and Wistar rats are sensitive; no literature is available on the in vivo effects of radon in the Chinese hamster. Exposure-response relationships were established for the rats and Syrian hamsters while the Chinese hamsters received a single exposure of radon. At 4 h (0.2 days), 15 days, and 30 days after the highest WLM exposure to radon, Wistar rats, Chinese hamsters, and Syrian hamsters were killed, and lung fibroblasts were isolated and grown in culture to determine the frequency of induced micronuclei. Animals at each level of exposure showed an increase in the frequency of micronuclei relative to that in controls (P < 0.05). The exposure-response relationship data for rats and Syrian hamsters killed 0.2 days after the end of exposure were fit to linear equations (micronuclei/1000 binucleated cells = 15.5 +/- 14.4 + 0.53 +/- 0.06 WLM and 38.3 +/- 15.1 + 0.80 +/- 0.08 WLM, respectively). For the single exposure level used (496 WLM) in Chinese hamsters killed at 0.2 days after exposure, the frequency of micronuclei/1000 binucleated cells/WLM was 1.83 +/- 0.02. A comparison of the sensitivity for induction of micronuclei/WLM illustrated that Chinese hamsters were three times more sensitive than rats. The Syrian hamsters also showed a significantly elevated response (P < 0.05) relative to rats. These data suggest that initial chromosome damage is not the major factor responsible for the high rate of radon-induced cancer in rats relative to Syrian hamsters. The frequency of micronuclei in radon-exposed rats, Syrian hamsters, and Chinese hamsters significantly decreased (P < 0.05) as a function of time after the exposure. The rate of loss of damaged cells from the lung was greatest in the Chinese hamsters, followed by Wistar rats and Syrian hamsters, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Natural selection in ecologically and genetically defined populations.

The mapping of ecological and selective events during the process of genetic change in natural populations is presented. The representation rests on a method for estimating the amount of population control arising from the birth and death effects at each age. The theoretical treatment is then applied to three current problems in evolutionary ecology to illustrate the difficulty and magnitude of such problems. The three problems treated are (1) the evolution of complex life cycles, (2) the evolution of colonizing ability, and (3) ecological convergence and divergence in the evolution of similar species coexisting in the same local species ensemble.
Absence of Histologic Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Rabbit Model

Purpose To evaluate the retinal toxicity of intravitreal bevacizumab in an animal model. Design Animal study. Methods Bevacizumab was injected into the vitreous of one eye of each of eight Dutch-belted rabbits; the other eye served as a control. Four rabbits received a dose of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of bevacizumab intravitreally into one eye, and the other four rabbits were injected with 2.5 mg/0.1 ml of bevacizumab intravitreally into one eye. At one month, the rabbits were killed and both eyes enucleated. The eyes were fixed with paraformaldehyde 2% and examined by light microscopy. Results In all injected and control eyes, there was mild vacuolization in the ganglion cell layer, and disruption of photoreceptor outer segments in both treated and control eyes, to the same degree, consistent with autolysis. The optic nerve, retina, and retinal pigment epithelium were otherwise normal by light microscopy with no evidence of toxicity. Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab at doses of 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg showed no signs of retinal or optic nerve toxicity by light microscopy in this rabbit model.
Stability analysis of large DC solid-state power systems for space

The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the stability analysis of large DC solid-state power systems which are used in spacecraft, such as the International Space Station (ISS) and other satellites. This paper will address the fundamental problems faced in the stability studies of these systems, both prior to, and after, their implementation. Furthermore, a brief description of the type of system, definitions of large-signal and small-signal stability which are applicable to these types of systems, methods of system modeling and simulation, concept of negative impedance instability, and recommendations on methods of stability analysis for these systems will be given.
Going Public: How Sociology Might Matter Again

As the scare of the '80s demonstrated, sociology finds itself in the dubious position of being vulnerable within the university while being vitally dependent upon the university for its existence. In response, sociology has accommodated market-driven changes in the university by expanding entrepreneurial forms of research and has struggled to legitimate itself professionally. These quests, however, have removed sociology further from the reaches of the broader public, diminishing its long-standing tradition of addressing public issues. Re-establishing the vitality of the discipline will require sociology to reclaim its public. To do so, changes will have to be made within the profession that encourage the role of public intellectuals, while efforts will have to be made to expand public spaces where public discourse and social action can occur.
A 1.05 V 1.6 mW, 0.45 $^{\circ}$ C 3 $\sigma$ Resolution $\Sigma\Delta$ Based Temperature Sensor With Parasitic Resistance Compensation in 32 nm Digital CMOS Process

Monitoring temperature in a microprocessor is important for optimal energy consumption under various workloads. This paper presents a temperature sensor in a 32 nm high-k metal gate digital CMOS process for integration in a microprocessor core. The sensor uses a ratio of currents driven into a BJT pair with current chopping to up-convert the temperature signal. A second order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) 1-bit ADC is used to digitize the chopped signal, which is then down-converted and filtered in the digital domain to obtain a temperature measurement. The sensor operates from -10 to 110°C, achieving a 3σ resolution of 0.45°C, and ≪5°C inaccuracy without calibration/trimming.
PS1-61: Race and Receipt of Radiation Therapy with Curative Intent after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer.

Background/AimsWe determined if differences existed in prostate cancer treatment received by Caucasian and African-American men who had local or biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer at an HMO where access to medical care is theoretically equal for all members. We used data collected for a population-based case-control study designed to evaluate the role of specific molecular markers in prostate cancer survival. The subjects were diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1971 through 2001.MethodsStudy subjects were members of one of three health plans: Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW), Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), or Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). The study population included 90 African-American and 233 Caucasian men with prostate cancer who had either local or biochemical recurrence following RP. We compared the likelihood, according to race, of treatment with salvage radiation therapy with curative intent (SRT) among these subjects. We reviewed medical records of all subjects to determine all treatment received in addition to RP and to assess potential confounding factors and effect modifiers.ResultsAfter adjusting for case/control status, institution, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, Gleason grade (all matching criteria in the original study), tumor stage, comorbid conditions, presence of positive margins, seminal vesicle involvement or perineural invasion at RP, age at recurrence, year of recurrence, time to recurrence, and intensity of follow-up, Caucasian men were more likely than African-American men to receive SRT in this study population (OR 1.5; 95% CI 0.7–3.1). However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The factors that did predict for receipt of SRT were the absence of comorbid conditions (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.2), recurrence prior to 1994 (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4–5.6), and local (rather than biochemical) recurrence (OR 6.9; 95% CI 2.6–18.6).ConclusionsAlthough the difference in receipt of SRT between Caucasian and African-American men was not statistically significant, the point estimate suggests that Caucasian men were about 50% more likely to receive it. It is possible that this is a real difference, and that a study with a larger sample size would show that.
Evolution and Phylogeny of Wolbachia: Reproductive Parasites of Arthropods

Wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited bacteria found in reproductive tissues of many arthropod species. These bacteria are associated with reproductive alterations in their hosts, including parthenogenesis, reproductive incompatibility and feminization. A fine-scale phylogenetic analysis was done using DNA sequences from ftsZ, a rapidly evolving bacterial cell-cycle gene. fsZ sequences were determined for 38 different Wolbachia strains from 31 different species of insects and one isopod. The following results were found: (i) there are two major division of Wolbachia (A and B) which diverged 58-67 millions years before present based upon synonymous substitution rates; (ii) a general concordance is found between the ftsZ and 16S rDNA phylogenies, indicating that these represent bacterial strain (rather than simply gene) phylogenies; however, a possible example of recombination between A and B division bacteria may have occurred in the feminizing Wolbachia present in an isopod; (iii) extensive horizontal transmission of Wolbachia has occurred between insect taxa, including different insect orders; one strain in particular (designated Adm) shows extensive recent horizontal transmission; (iv) there is an association between the Wolbachia found in a parasitic wasp (Nasonia) and its fly host (Protocalliphora), suggesting exchange of bacteria between these species; (v) parthenogenesis induction has evolved several times among the Wolbachia; and (vi) some insects harbour infections with more than one Wolbachia strain, even within individual insects.
Effects of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Maternal Antibodies on Experimental Infection of Piglets with PCV2

To determine the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) maternal antibodies on and response to experimental PCV2 infection, 24 piglets were divided into four groups on the basis of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of PCV2 maternal antibodies: group A (n = 6; sample/positive [S/P] ratio, 0.2 to 0.5). Piglets in groups A, B, and C were inoculated with PCV2 at day 0 and challenged with PCV2 at day 42. Group D piglets were not exposed to PCV2 at day 0 but were challenged at day 42. Before challenge, seroconversion to PCV2 antibodies occurred in five of six group A piglets, and the antibody level rose above the cutoff level in one of five group B piglets. Viremia was detected in five of six, four of five, and two of eight pigs in groups A, B, and C, respectively. After challenge, PCV2 DNA was detectable from 7 to 21 days postchallenge in the sera from six of six, four of five, three of eight, and five of five pigs in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The results indicated that protection against PCV2 infection conferred by maternal antibodies is titer dependent: higher titers are generally protective, but low titers are not.
Observations on the thixotropy and structural characteristics of sodium carboxymethylcellulose

The thixotropy of aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been investigated with a rotational viscometer at shear rates up to 4400 sec.−1. Measurements were made in relatively concentrated (1 to 3%) solutions where intermolecular effects play an important role, and differences between samples of nominally the same composition are readily apparent. The results are interpreted in terms of moleculare properties and interactions. Die Thixotropie wasriger Losungen von Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) wurde mittels eines Rotationsviskosimeters bei Schergeschwindigkeiten bis zu 4400 sec.−1 untersucht. Die Messungen wurden in 1—3%igen Losungen durchgefuhrt, in denen zwischenmolekulare Wirkungen eine erhebliche Rolle speilen und in denen Proben gleicher analytischer Zusammensetzung erhebliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in Beziehung gesetzt zu Eigenschaften und gegenseitigen Beeinflussungen der Molekule.
Maintaining micron-size beams in collision at the interaction point of the Stanford Linear Collider

In order to maintain collisions between two micron-sized beams at the interaction point of the SLC, the mutual electromagnetic deflection induced by one beam on the other as they cross with a nonzero relative impact parameter is utilized. The incoming and outgoing trajectory parameters of each beam are determined simultaneously on a pulse-by-pulse basis, using beam position monitors located near the IP. Comparing incoming and outgoing angles for a given beam yields the magnitude of the deflection the beam experienced during the collision from which the distance currently separating the two beams can be extracted. A simple proportional control is applied to calculate the change in upstream corrector settings to null out this distance. >
Experimental verification of an Aharonov-Bohm effect in rotating reference frames

A thought experiment is reviewed which shows two things. First, in a region of a rotating frame that is not simply connected, the inertial forces can be canceled without completely canceling the inertial vector potential (whose curl determines the Coriolis force); second, the presence of this uncanceled potential can be detected in a quantum interference experiment. It is then argued that the thought experiment was realized in an earlier experiment involving a rotating superconductor, and that the experimental results confirm the theoretical prediction. In this way, the first experimental verification of a physical effect due to a nonelectromagnetic potential in a force-free region is established. An analogous experiment for the gravitational vector potential is also discussed. Finally, it is pointed out that the close connection between electromagnetic and inertial vector potentials provides an intuitive way to make predictions about rotating superconductors.
Cognitive-behavioural therapies: achievements and challenges

In 1976, psychiatrist Aaron Beck posed this question about a new form of therapy that emphasised changing patients’ dysfunctional cognitions: “Can a fledgling psychotherapy challenge the giants in the field—psychoanalysis and behavior therapy?” (p 333).1 Since that time, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has emerged as one of the most dominant modes of psychological treatment. In this article, I briefly discuss the factors responsible for the current popularity of CBT, review some of the criticisms that have emerged about the treatment, and describe recent innovative work that may end up changing the nature of CBT in the years to come. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has become increasingly popular with clinicians and the general public alike over recent years. Surveys of therapists indicate that CBT is fast becoming the majority orientation of practicing psychologists.2 Partly because of its commonsense and clear principles, self-help books based on CBT approaches have also come to dominate the market.3 Even media articles frequently extol the virtues of this form of psychotherapy. A recent Washington Post article proclaimed: “For better or worse, cognitive therapy is fast becoming what people mean when they say they are ‘getting therapy’” (p HE01).4 What accounts for CBT’s sustained and growing popularity? The short-term, structured nature of the treatment makes it particularly amenable to empirical investigation, and it has accumulated an impressive research base. Butler and colleagues5 report that there are now over 325 clinical trials of CBT for various clinical populations, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, marital distress, anger, childhood disorders and chronic pain. In an examination of 16 separate meta-analyses of CBT studies, they reported that the treatment produced large effect size improvements compared to control conditions for emotional disorders in adults and adolescents. Furthermore, results indicated that CBT was somewhat superior to antidepressants, and equal in efficacy …
SiteLens: situated visualization techniques for urban site visits

Urban designers and urban planners often conduct site visits prior to a design activity to search for patterns or better understand existing conditions. We introduce SiteLens, an experimental system and set of techniques for supporting site visits by visualizing relevant virtual data directly in the context of the physical site, which we call situated visualization. We address alternative visualization representations and techniques for data collection, curation, discovery, comparison, manipulation, and provenance. A real use scenario is presented and two iterations of evaluation with faculty and students from the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation provide directions and insight for further investigation.
Reovirus σ1 fiber incorporated into adenovirus serotype 5 enhances infectivity via a CAR-independent pathway

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) has been used for gene therapy with limited success because of insufficient infectivity in cells with low expression of the primary receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). To enhance infectivity in tissues with low CAR expression, tropism expansion is required via non-CAR pathways. Serotype 3 Dearing reovirus utilizes a fiber-like σ1 protein to infect cells expressing sialic acid and junction adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1). We hypothesized that replacement of the Ad5 fiber with σ1 would result in an Ad5 vector with CAR-independent tropism. We therefore constructed a fiber mosaic Ad5 vector, designated as Ad5-σ1, encoding two fibers: the σ1 and the wild-type Ad5 fiber. Functionally, Ad5-σ1 utilized CAR, sialic acid, and JAM1 for cell transduction and achieved maximum infectivity enhancement in cells with or without CAR. Thus, we have developed a new type of Ad5 vector with expanded tropism, possessing fibers from Ad5 and reovirus, that exhibits enhanced infectivity via CAR-independent pathway(s).
The treatment of "interstitial cystitis" as a migraine equivalent: report of four cases.

Summary Four cases referred for psychotherapy for a variety of neurotic symptomotology were found to be suffering from “interstitial cystitis.” All were young women with similar personality structure. The history of onset and pathogenesis of urinary complaints suggested a migraine-like syndrome. Introduction of conventional ergotamine prophylaxis and therapy has resulted in almost total remission of urinary complaints, though the overall improvement in the emotional status of the patients is far from satisfactory. It is hoped that this preliminary report will serve as a stimulus for further investigation by other clinicians both in urology and psychiatry.
Alcohol Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

Alcohol Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia that is refractory to medical management has been treated with surgical resection, catheter ablation, and antitachycardia pacemaker. In this case report we describe the use of transcoronary alcohol ablation to treat a patient's ventricular tachycardia. This is accomplished by using ethanol to destroy the site of origin or pathways used in ventricular tachycardia.
Introduction: Self-Regulation of Learning in Postsecondary Education.

The chapter introduces this volume on self-regulation of learning by providing a look at the soundness of the theories, techniques, and tools readily available to instructors and students that could serve to facilitate self-regulation.
Tracking control of a nonholonomic ground vehicle

The purpose of the presented work is to address the problem of controlling vehicles subject to nonholonomic constraints, specifically unicycle mobile robots, while tracking another dynamical model (reference system) that is less constrained. The closed loop stability of the tracking error dynamics is obtained using Lyapunov theory as well as properly designing the dynamics of the desired distance between the vehicle and the reference system. In particular, the vehicle maintains a time dependent distance to the reference system, which is tracking the desired trajectory. Results from the implementation of both the designed controller and a previously existing tracking controller are presented to verify and compare its performance and capabilities.
Impact of CMS coverage decision on access to transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Objectives To assess the impact of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) national coverage determination (NCD) on access for patients with aortic stenosis (AS) with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in a tertiary care center. Background TAVR has given hope to patients with AS who are deemed inoperable. The effects of the NCD on access to patients with AS has not been evaluated. Materials and Methods A total of 94 inoperable AS patients were evaluated and treated from December 2011 through June of 2012 with TAVR. Patients who underwent transfemoral (TF) vs. non-TF access were compared. The CMS NCD was released on May 1, 2012 and on July 1, 2012, the nontransfemoral access program was put on hold due to lack of reimbursement. Results Patients in the TF (n = 33) and non-TF access (n = 61) groups were similar in age (85.2 ± 6.3 vs. 84.8 ± 6.6 P = 0.74) and STS mortality (9.38 ± 5.33 vs. 7.91 ± 3.69, P = 0.074). The iliofemoral arteries were larger diameter in the TF group (7.72 ± 1.49 vs. 6.21 ± 1.78, P < 0.001) and males (7.39 ± 1.81 vs. 6.1 ± 1.61 P < 0.001). More women underwent valve implantation via non-TF access (73 vs. 23%, P = 0.03). After the NCD, 21 patients who previously qualified for non-TF TAVR would not be reimbursed by CMS. Four died soon after. Conclusions After the NCD, the proportion of inoperable patients with severe AS that can be treated with TAVR was greatly reduced due the lack of reimbursement for TAVR via non-TF access. This effect is particularly pronounced in women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of alcohol advertising exposure on drinking among youth.

Objective To test whether alcohol advertising expenditures and the degree of exposure to alcohol advertisements affect alcohol consumption by youth. Design Longitudinal panel using telephone surveys. Setting Households in 24 US media markets, April 1999 to February 2001. Participants Individuals aged 15 to 26 years were randomly sampled within households and households within media markets. Markets were systematically selected from the top 75 media markets, representing 79% of the US population. The baseline refusal rate was 24%. Sample sizes per wave were 1872, 1173, 787, and 588. Data on alcohol advertising expenditures on television, radio, billboards, and newspapers were collected. Main Exposures Market alcohol advertising expenditures per capita and self-reported alcohol advertising exposure in the prior month. Main Outcome Measure Self-reported number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the prior month. Results Youth who saw more alcohol advertisements on average drank more (each additional advertisement seen increased the number of drinks consumed by 1% [event rate ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.02]). Youth in markets with greater alcohol advertising expenditures drank more (each additional dollar spent per capita raised the number of drinks consumed by 3% [event rate ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.05]). Examining only youth younger than the legal drinking age of 21 years, alcohol advertisement exposure and expenditures still related to drinking. Youth in markets with more alcohol advertisements showed increases in drinking levels into their late 20s, but drinking plateaued in the early 20s for youth in markets with fewer advertisements. Control variables included age, gender, ethnicity, high school or college enrollment, and alcohol sales. Conclusion Alcohol advertising contributes to increased drinking among youth.
Altered social reward and attention in anorexia nervosa

Dysfunctional social reward and social orienting attend a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, social anxiety, and psychopathy. Here we show that similar social reward and attention dysfunction attend anorexia nervosa, a disorder defined by avoidance of food and extreme weight loss. We measured the implicit reward value of social stimuli for female participants with (n=11) and without (n=11) anorexia nervosa using an econometric choice task and also tracked gaze patterns during free viewing of images of female faces and bodies. As predicted, the reward value of viewing bodies varied inversely with observed body weight for women with anorexia but not neurotypical women, in contrast with their explicit ratings of attractiveness. Surprisingly, women with anorexia nervosa, unlike neurotypical women, did not find female faces rewarding and avoided looking at both the face and eyes—independent of observed body weight. These findings demonstrate comorbid dysfunction in the neural circuits mediating gustatory and social reward in anorexia nervosa.
Induction of ovulation by LH and FSH in the presence of antigonadotrophic sera.

Surges of both LH and FSH are secreted on the day of proestrus in the rat; both surges are blocked by pentobarbital (PB), which also blocks ovulation. The purposes of the present study were (a) to see if antisera to ovine LH or FSH would prevent ovulation from endogenously secreted rat hormones; (b) to see if exogenous ovine LH or FSH alone can cause ovulation in the presence of antiserum to ovine LH or FSH, when endogenous hormone secretion is suppressed by PB. Antisera were assessed for anti-OAAD or anti-hCG augmentation activity against ovine and/or rat pituitary hormones, (a) With respect to tests against endogenously secreted hormones, antisera to LH block ovulation, but antisera to FSH do not, regardless of their potency against exogenous hormones, (b) Antisera to either ovine LH or FSH can prevent ovulation to either exogenous ovine hormone, in relation to their ability to block LH on OAAD bioassay, but not in relation to their ability to block FSH on the hCG augmentation test. However, one antiser...
A Portable Intelligent ECG Monitor Based on Wireless Internet and Embedded System Technology

In this article, we present a Portable Intelligent ECG Monitor (PIEM) which can be used in a Wireless Remote Monitoring System. For the hardware design, Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) as well as ECG Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), GSM/GPRS and NAND Flash technologies is adopted. As for the software implementation, a real-time kernel called muC/OS-II and some related application programs were developed, among which an efficient and robust on-line ECG interpretation algorithm is included. A prototype of this device is finally accomplished and has been put into use in the clinical environment for one month. The results of the experiment show that this PIEM is clinically approved, accurate in its measurement, highly mobile, easy-to- use, durable and light-weight. Once this prototype is developed into product, there's no doubt that more and more cardiac patients will benefit from it.
Effects of Ergot Alkaloid Consumption on Horses Completing a Standardized Trail Ride

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33 (2013) 321-399 323 treatment and then again at days 30, 60, 90 during the supplementation period. Reflective three dimensional markers (3.81cmindiameter)wereplacedatall jointson fore and hind limbs during video recording. Video footage was captured using two high speed Ethernet GigE uEyeTM cameras (IDS Imaging Development Systems, Obersulm, Germany) placed perpendicular to the line of travel on either side of the horse. Video footage was recorded into the EquineTecTM (Monroe, GA, USA) software program for analysis. Blood via jugular puncture was taken the morning following video recording. Hematocrit values were analyzed immediately. Whole blood and plasma was frozen for later analysis. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis was conducted onplasma according to procedures established by C. JoandD.U.Ahn [3].DatawasanalyzedusingSASversion9.3 ProcGLMwithrepeatedmeasuresover time todetermine the effects of treatment, time, and treatment by time interactions. P valuesof P<0.05were consideredsignificant.After90 days, glucosamine horses showed greater front leg retraction distance (P1⁄4.01) as compared to earlier time points. No significant difference in this parameter was seen in control horses. Additionally, a trend toward greater front fetlock flexionwasobserved inglucosamine supplementedhorses as compared to controls. No differences between control and treatment were observed in TBARS analysis. In conclusion, oral supplementation of glucosamine sulfate resulted in modest changes in biomechanical parameters measured. Differences in blood oxidative levels between treatments were not observed.
Impact of case volume on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes.

Abstract Purpose To compare aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) outcomes between high- and low-volume referral centers with dedicated neurosciences critical care units (NCCUs) and shared neurosurgical, endovascular, and neurocritical care practitioners. Materials and Methods Prospectively collected data of aSAH patients admitted to 2 institutional NCCUs were reviewed. NCCU A is a 22-bed unit staffed 24/7 with overnight in-house NCCU fellow and resident coverage. NCCU B is a 14-bed unit with home call by NCCU attending/fellow and in-house residents. Results A total of 161 aSAH patients (27%) were admitted to NCCU B compared with 447 at NCCU A (73%). Among factors that independently impacted hospital mortality, there were no differences in baseline characteristics: mean age (A: 53.5 ± 14.1 years, B: 53.1 ± 13.6 years), poor grade Hunt and Hess (A: 28.2%, B: 26.7%), presence of multiple medical comorbidities (A: 28%, B: 31.1%), and associated cocaine use (A: 11.6%, B: 14.3%). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality (A: 17.9%, B: 18%), poor functional outcome (A: 30%, B: 25.4%), aneurysm rerupture (A: 2.8%, B: 2.4%), or delayed cerebral ischemia (A: 14.1%, B: 16.1%). Conclusions The noninferior outcomes at the lower SAH volume center suggests that provider expertise, not patient volume, is critical to providing high-quality specialized care.
Paediatric acute mastoiditis: the Alder Hey experience

Acute mastoiditis was a common condition in the pre-antibiotic era, but has become rare now with the widespread use of antibiotics. A retrospective study was carried out of patients with acute mastoiditis who were seen at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool over a five-year period. Their case records were identified and details of gender, age at presentation, symptoms, signs and clinical management were noted and analysed. Twenty-one patients who presented with acute mastoiditis were identified. The patients’ age at presentation ranged from three months to 14 years. Five cases out of 21 (23.8 per cent) were under one year of age.Eighteen cases (85.7 per cent) presented with post-aural swelling while 12 (57.1 per cent) had aural discharge. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and only five patients (23.8 per cent) required surgical intervention in the form of a cortical mastoidectomy with, or without, myringotomy. A significant number of cases can be treated conservatively with intravenous antibiotics. Surgery in the form of cortical mastoidectomy can be reserved for complicated cases and in those in whom conservative treatment has failed.