cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smarter Web searching can yield better results.

If we’re really stuck in the middle of an age where information overload predominates—what can we do about it? I’m always tempted to find a secluded log cabin to retreat to, but in all honesty, I would miss the noise. From recent “IT World” columns, it’s apparent that technology is a major enabler toward the gluttony of data. More specifically, the Internet has given us quick access to practically every expert, quasi-expert, pseudoexpert, and every Joe Schmo that has ever had an opinion on anything. We’re always hearing how wonderful the World Wide Web is at connecting us to answers but the reality is that there is a lot of muck to sludge through to find the answers. Without understanding the tools that bring information to your screen, it’s easy to get lost in the flow. Researching information on the Internet doesn’t have to be such a challenge. In this issue, we offer a discussion on a few tools that are available and how we can use them to make order out of the chaos.
Monitoring delirium in critically ill patients. Using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit.

Critical care nurses are well aware that many patients in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) experience some degree of cognitive impairment, which may range from coma to delirium. In order to perform invasive procedures and provide lifesaving, supportive care, patients are given potent psychoactive drugs such as benzodiazepines and opiates, which often lead to increases in cognitive abnormalities. For many healthcare CoverArticle
The Naming of Jugular Venous Valves

To the Editor: In Dr Charles F. Babbs’s1 recent review article, he states in the Methods section that “Niemann’s valves between the chest and jugular veins at the level of the thoracic inlet are actual but little-known anatomic structures that function to block headward transmission of large positive pressure pulses in the chest during cough and also during CPR.” The jugular venous valves have been known for centuries. Harvey was among the first to describe them, but they were probably known for at least 100 years before his publication.2 3 4 Anatomists had been burnt at the stake on the Continent for questioning the Roman Catholic Church’s dogma on nature. The …
From Subject Selectors to College and Interdisciplinary Teams

In addition to enduring a recent renovation, the staff of the J. Willard Marriott Library underwent reorganization. This was a response to the changing digital landscape, reduction in budget, and student requests for one central space to go to, to obtain technology and reference assistance. In the Public Services Department the subject departments were reorganized into task-oriented departments. The traditional outreach and collection development duties of subject librarians were addressed by the development of a second layer of organization, the college and interdisciplinary teams. This article addresses reorganization of the Public Services Department in general and the response of the science and engineering personnel specifically.
Conditions Influencing Antimycin Production by a Streptomyces Species Grown in Chemically Defined Medium

OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCING CONSISTENT YIELDS OF ANTIMYCIN A IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM INCLUDED: (i) initial pH of 6.8 to 7.1; (ii) no iron supplementation; (iii) 2 g of dl-tryptophan per liter; and antibiotic extraction after 7 to 9 days of growth.
Fluid velocities in induction melting furnaces: Part I. Theory and laboratory experiments

Fluid flow in an induction furnace due to electromagnetic stirring forces is predicted theoretically from furnace design parameters by the simultaneous solution of the Maxwell and Navier Stokes equations. Streamline plots and velocity profiles are obtained and compared with surface velocities measured experimentally. The measurements were made on a mercury pool stirred inductively by a Tocco 30 kW 3 kHz induction melting unit. The agreement between the experimental measurements and theoretical predictions was good considering that no curve fitting by manipulation of adjustable parameters was involved. It is believed that such a model would be of value in the design and development of induction furnaces.
Plasma etching of NiFe/Cu and NiMnSb/Al2O3 multilayers for sub-micron pattern definition

Abstract A number of different plasma chemistries have been investigated for pattern transfer in NiFe/NiFeCo/Cu multilayer stacks and NiMnSb/Al 2 O 3 structures. For NiFe alloy/Cu films, achievement of a high etch rate depends upon balancing atomic Cl neutral flux with a coincident Ar + ion flux. The chloride etch products are generally not volatile in conventional systems, leading to formation of a thick selvedge layer that prevents etching. However, at high ion flux (>10 11 cm −3 ) conditions in plasma sources such as electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP), these etch products can be desorbed by ion assistance, preventing formation of the selvedge layers. For NiMnSb thin films, SF 6 -based plasmas produce etch rates above 10,000 A min −1 in both ECR and ICP tools. Sub-micron features with excellent sidewall anisotropy and smoothness have been produced in both materials.
A Look at Agribusiness Education Since the National Agribusiness Education Commission's 1989 Report: The Lincoln Report Revisited

Agribusiness has changed drastically since the Report of the National Agribusiness Education Commission was written ten years ago, and more dramatic changes are on the way. The need for well-educated professional agribusiness managers has not lessened; if anything, more are needed with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with increasingly complex opportunities and challenges. Although there has not been a major shift to university agribusiness educational programs in line with Commission recommendations, a few universities have made significant progress in developing programs to educate undergraduates, MBA students, and industry executives in agribusiness management.
Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Deaf Parents and Their Hearing Child: A Case Study

There are few proven effective treatments such as Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for use with deaf parents and their children, even though it is likely that the prevalence rate for disruptive behavior problems including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are similar to those reported for all U.S. children. Medication and behavioral therapy involving parents comprise the cornerstone for ADHD/ODD management, with PCIT endorsed as one of the most effective interventions available for children aged 2 to 7 years. This case study presents the implementation of PCIT with deaf parents and their 7-year-old hearing son with ADHD/ODD, with the help of a certified interpreter and readily available video technology. Findings from this case report documented PCIT as a promising treatment option for use with individuals who are deaf.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a rat preprogastrin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid.

Gastrin biosynthesis involves a complex series of posttranslational modifications; their elucidation requires a knowledge of the structure of the gastrin precursor. The complete structure of rat preprogastrin was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone isolated from a rat antral cDNA library. Northern blot hybridization analysis of rat antral RNA together with human antral RNA, reveals a single mRNA species of approximately 670 bases. Comparison of this sequence with those of porcine and human gastrin reveals extensive (73%) homology in the gastrin coding region as well as short regions of conserved nucleotides in the noncoding regions. The rat sequence encodes a preprogastrin of 104 amino acids which consists of a signal peptide, a 37 amino acid prosegment; and the gastrin 34 sequence, followed by a glycine (the amide donor), and flanked by pairs of arginine residues. Cleavage at an internal pair of lysine residues yields gastrin 17. Unlike the human and porcine sequences, rat pr...
A Heterobimetallic Vanadium-Manganese Complex as a Model for the Structural Dynamics in Oxo-Bridged Metal Dimers.

The heterobimetallic complex 1, [LV(μ-O)(μ-OAc)2MnL] (where L = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate), has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structural analysis of 1 gave the following para...
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on the electrocardiographic response to exercise.

Background Female gender and hormonal status affect electrocardiographic (ECG) response to exercise. Both are often cited as factors contributing to the decreased diagnostic accuracy of exercise stress tests in women. However, there is a paucity of data. To explore the relationship between hormonal status and exercise- induced ECG changes, we used gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technetium 99m sestamibi imaging for detection of myocardial ischemia.
Regional differences in real wages: The United States, 1851–1880

The 30 years from 1851 through 1880 was a period of rapid change and growth in the United States economy. A number of major events occurred. Foremost among these was the Civil War, the nation’s most costly conflict in terms of human life; this was the era of railroad building; two major financial panics occurred, one in 1857 and another in 1873; the Great Depression and period of falling prices began, lasting until 1896. Industrialization and urbanization proceeded rapidly in some parts of the nation. Large-scale internal migration together with increasing immigration from abroad comprised an integral part of these changes. There were, however, substantial differences in the direction and degree of these changes among the various regions of the United States. One consequence of these differences, variations in regional costs of living, has been examined by the authors in a previous study.3 The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of regional price differences upon levels of real wages in United States regions using wage data compiled and published in the Census
Software Profiling Options and Their Effects on Security Based Diversification

Imparting diversity to binaries by inserting garbage instructions is an effective defense against code-reuse attacks. Relocating and breaking up code gadgets removes an attacker's ability to craft attacks by merely studying the existing code on their own computer. Unfortunately, inserting garbage instructions also slows down program execution. The use of profiling enables optimizations that alleviate much of this overhead, while still maintaining the high level of security needed to deter attacks. These optimizations are performed by varying the probability for the insertion of a garbage instruction at any particular location in the binary. The hottest regions of code get the smallest amount of diversification, while the coldest regions get the most diversification.We show that static and dynamic profiling methods both reduce run-time overhead to under 2.5% while preventing over 95% of original gadgets from appearing in any diversified binary. We compare static and dynamic profiling and find that dynamic profiling has a slight performance advantage in a best-case scenario. But we also show that dynamic profiling results can suffer greatly from bad training input. Additionally, we find that static profiling creates smaller binary files than dynamic profiling, and that the two methods offer nearly identical security characteristics.
Characterization of thermal performance of fibrous insulations subject to a humid environment

The insulating capability of a typical Fiberglas insulation slab exposed to different types of environment on each side of the slab was evaluated, based on theory that takes into account heat conduction, natural convection, phase changes, and gas infiltration. The results are analyzed and combined with recent theoretical work to find useful heat transfer characteristics for each of the material studied. These included RA-24 insulation, high-density wool; R-11 Batt insulation, low-density wool; RA-22 insulation, low-density board; and roof deck insulation, high-density board. 5 refs.
Business Groups in Emerging Economies: A Resource-Based View

Business groups in emerging economies result when entrepreneurs and firms accumulate the capability for repeated industry entry. Such a capability, however, can be maintained as a valuable, rare, a...
Laser-induced temporal and wavelength resolved spectroscopy of the 2Σ−-2Π and 2Δ-2Π systems of CH and CD isolated in rare gas matrices

Abstract The relaxation dynamics of matrix isolated CH and CD have been studied using laser-induced time and wavelength resolved spectroscopy. Vibrationally relaxed B (0′-0″) fluorescence occurs following laser excitation both above and below the gas phase dissociation limit. The vibrational relaxation rate in the B state of CH is found to be 4.6 × 10 6 sec −1 while the corresponding rate in CD is 5.7 × 10 5 sec −1 . The primary accepting mode in the relaxation process is consistent with rotation.
Prospective alpha allocation in the clarification of optimal anticoagulation through genetics (COAG) trial

Background The Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation through Genetics (COAG) trial is a large, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial to determine whether use of a genotype-guided dosing algorithm (using clinical and genetic information) to initiate warfarin treatment will improve anticoagulation status when compared to a dosing algorithm using only clinical information.Purpose This article describes prospective alpha allocation and balanced alpha allocation for the design of the COAG trial.Methods The trial involves two possibly heterogeneous populations, which can be distinguished by the difference in warfarin dose as predicted by the two algorithms. A statistical approach is detailed, which allows an overall comparison as well as a comparison of the primary endpoint in the subgroup for which sufficiently different doses are predicted by the two algorithms. Methods of allocating alpha for these analyses are given — a prospective alpha allocation and allocating alpha so that the two analyses ha...
Sterile Endophthalmitis after Suturelesss Cataract Surgery

Background: Sutureless cataract surgery has recently increased in popularity because of the rapid visual rehabilitation and the inherent reduction of surgically induced astigmatism. Methods: This procedure is dependent on a lamellar, multiplaned incision. As with new surgical techniques, associated complications become evident with time. Recently, there have been several cases of infectious endophthalmitis after this procedure. The authors report on nine cases of sterile endophthalmitis. In all nine cases, surgery was performed with refrigerated balanced salt solution (BSS) and 100 mg of cefazolin and/or 20 mg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, given subconjunctivally, at its completion. Results: All nine cases occurred in a period of time during which 68 cases were performed using refrigerated BSS for irrigation. These nine cases came from two different surgeons using basically the same surgical technique. After the investigation of these complications, the refrigerated BSS was discontinued, and there have been no episodes of sterile endophthalmitis in the last 650 cases. Conclusion: It appears that refrigerated BSS should be avoided if periocular injections are going to be used. It may be that the cold BSS fails to allow sufficient tissue swelling to seal the surgical incision, allowing for subconjunctival injections to seep into the wound, and leading to a sterile endophthalmitis.
Identification and processing of proglucagon in pancreatic islets

Immunoprecipitation and tryptic peptide analysis of newly synthesized proteins from rat islets have identified an 18,000 molecular weight (MW) protein as proglucagon. Conversion of this precursor was kinetically similar to the conversion of proinsulin and resulted in the formation of both pancreatic glucagon and a 10,000-MW protein lacking this hormonal sequence.
Discussion on “Likelihood Ratio Identities and their Applications to Sequential Analysis” by Tze L. Lai

The author should be commended for his extremely informative, well-written and coherent review of one of the most celebrated results in the history of statistics–Wald's likelihood ratio identity. H...
Nitric oxide in the middle to upper thermosphere

The results of six rocket observations of thermospheric nitric oxide are reviewed and reconciled with the available laboratory photochemical data. The impact of the recently revised recommendation for the N (S-4) + O2 rate coefficient on photochemical models is assessed. Use of the new rate coefficient leads to significantly enhanced production of NO, particularly at F-region altitudes during solar maximum conditions. A comparison of photochemical calculations with the rocket profiles indicates that the new rate coefficient introduces a significant discrepancy which can be resolved if the recombination reaction of N + NO is temperature dependent. Calculations using the preposed rate coefficient predict the NO solar cycle variation at 180 km to be less than at 140 km, which is also in agreement with the observations.
Fiber Flax Farming Practices in the Southeastern United States

Flax fiber and oilseed use is increasing in textiles, composites, paper/pulp and industrial/nutritional oil sectors in the U.S. As a winter crop, flax fits well into double-cropping systems in the southeastern U.S. Flax can be harvested as an early crop for fiber, with attached immature seeds, or harvested as a late, mature crop, for both seed and fiber production. Flax can be grown and harvested for fiber using equipment that is readily available and well understood by U.S. farmers.
Design and implementation trade-offs for wide-area resource discovery

We describe the design and implementation of SWORD, a scalable resource discovery service for wide-area distributed systems. In contrast to previous systems, SWORD allows users to describe desired resources as a topology of interconnected groups with required intragroup, intergroup, and per-node characteristics, along with the utility that the application derives from specified ranges of metric values. This design gives users the flexibility to find geographically distributed resources for applications that are sensitive to both node and network characteristics, and allows the system to rank acceptable configurations based on their quality for that application.Rather than evaluating a single implementation of SWORD, we explore a variety of architectural designs that deliver the required functionality in a scalable and highly available manner. We discuss the trade-offs of using a centralized architecture as compared to a fully decentralized design to perform wide-area resource discovery. To summarize our results, we found that a centralized architecture based on 4-node server cluster sites at network-peering facilities outperforms a decentralized DHT-based resource discovery infrastructure with respect to query latency for all but the smallest number of sites. However, although a centralized architecture shows significant promise in stable environments, we find that our decentralized implementation has acceptable performance and also benefits from the DHT's self-healing properties in more volatile environments. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and distributed resource discovery architectures on 1000 hosts in emulation and on approximately 200 PlanetLab nodes spread across the Internet.
Heat transfer enhancement in rectangular channels with axial ribs or porous foam under through flow and impinging jet conditions

Abstract Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a high aspect ratio duct are measured under both, jet impingement and channel flow conditions, respectively. For both cases, roughness elements in consideration are staggered and inline axial ribs. The spacing ( P ) to height ( e ) ratios studied are P / e = 2 and P / e = 4; the rib height ( e ) to channel height ( H ) ratio is 0.125. Also studied is an aluminum foam roughness with a porosity of 92% and a height to channel height ratio of 0.15. Reynolds numbers considered for the channel flow case (based on the hydraulic diameter) range from 10,000 to 40,000. Reynolds numbers for the jet impingement case (based on the hole diameter) range from 5,000 to 20,000. Tests are performed using the copper plate regional average method. Results show a 50–90% increase in heat transfer due to the use of axial ribs in both, impingement and channel flow cases. The porous foam shows a more significant increase in heat transfer coefficient for both channel flow and impingement cases.
Antibody-dependent cytolysis (ADCC) of tumor cells by activated murine macrophages is a two-step process: quantification of target binding and subsequent target lysis.

To analyze the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction between tumor cells and activated murine macrophages in detail, it must be first determined if physical binding occurred between the two cell types. Over 15-20 min in vitro, antibody-coated HSB neoplastic targets became so firmly attached to the activated macrophages that they resisted removal with 4 vigorous washes. When a quantitative assay of binding was employed, attachment of tumor cells to activated macrophages was found to depend on the concentration of antibody and on the density of the macrophages. These two variables also determined the subsequent extent of cytolysis. Binding of antibody-coated targets by macrophages elicited with thioglycollate broth or activated by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was comparable. Lysis by the activated macrophages, however, was far greater. Binding occurred at 4, 22, or 37 degrees C, while the subsequent lytic reaction occurred only at 37 degrees C. Thioglycollate broth effectively inhibited lysis but had no effect on binding. A porous filter placed between activated macrophages and targets resulted in abrogation of binding and lysis, even when antibody-coated targets were placed beneath the filters. When labeled, uncoated targets were added to cultures of macrophages in the presence of unlabeled antibody-coated targets, no lysis of the bystander (i.e., uncoated) targets was seen. The data suggest that ADCC is a multistep reaction, that vigorous physical binding of antibody-coated targets by activated macrophages is an initial and necessary step in ADCC, that such binding is not sufficient for ADCC, that such binding controls the selectivity of lysis in ADCC, and that the second step in ADCC results in target lysis.
Synthesis and characterization of iron (III) complexes of N4 schiff base macrocycles

Abstract Iron(III) complexes of the diprotic N4 Schiff base macrocycles, 7,8,15,16,17,18-hexahydro-dibenzo[e,m] [1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecine (H2(2,2mac)) and 8,9,16,17,18,19-hexahydro-7H-dibenzo[e,n][1,4,8,12]tetraazacyclopentaadecine(H2(3,2mac)), were prepared by the metathesis reaction of anhydrous iron (III) bromide with the disodium or magnesium complexes of the dianionic ligands in THF under an inert atmosphere. The complexes exhibit the intermediate spin state as evidenced by magnetic susceptibility and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Fe(3,2 mac)Br is structurally characterized as a distorted square pyramid with the four nitrogen atoms in the basal positions and the bromide occupying the axial site. The average iron to nitrogen bond distance is 1.921 A.
Multi-length scale computational analysis of roller-bearing premature failure in horizontal-axis wind turbine gear boxes

Purpose – To make wind energy (one of the alternative-energy production technologies) economical, wind-turbines (convertors of wind energy into electrical energy) are required to operate, with only regular maintenance, for at least 20 years. However, some key wind-turbine components (especially the gear-box) often require significant repair or replacement after only three to five years in service. This causes an increase in both the wind-energy cost and the cost of ownership of the wind turbine. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To overcome this problem, root causes of the gear-box premature failure are currently being investigated using mainly laboratory and field-test experimental approaches. As demonstrated in many industrial sectors (e.g. automotive, aerospace, etc.) advanced computational engineering methods and tools cannot only complement these experimental approaches but also provide additional insight into the problem at hand (and do so with a substantially sho...
Vaccines: engineering immune evasion.

One obstacle to realizing the promise of viral vectors for vaccine delivery is pre-existing immunity to such vectors. An adroit application of structure-based design points to a way around that problem.
Localization of Arginase in Rabbit Skin

ROGERS1 has reported the induction of arginase in rabbit epithelium by the Shope papilloma virus. This conclusion was based on his findings of: (a) an increased uptake of arginine in papilloma tissue as compared to normal and hyperplastic whole skin; (b) the presence of appreciable quantities of arginase activity in papilloma tissue as compared to only trace amounts in extracts of normal skin.
Turnover of phosphatidylcholine in microsomes and myelin in brains of young and adult rats.

We have tested the hypothesis that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine in subcellular fractions of rat brain is a function of the age at which this lipid is deposited. Rats, 60 days of age, were injected intracranially with [2-3H]glycerol and either [methyl-14C]choline (to label the base moiety) or [U-14C]glucose (to label acyl moieties). Littermates were killed up to 90 days after injection and brain microsomes and myelin isolated. Lipids were extracted and the phosphatidylcholine was isolated by 2-dimensional TLC and hydrolyzed to its constituent moieties. The 3H in the glycerol backbone and 14C in the choline or acyl residues was quantitated. The microsomal and myelin 3H/14C ratios decreased with time with either set of precursors, indicating that labeled choline and acyl moieties were reutilized more efficiently than the glycerol backbone. The various precursors exhibited first order decay curves with half-lives for the glycerol backbone of 6 and 11 days for the microsomal and myelin fractions respectively. These results contrast with those previously obtained with identical experimental procedures when 17-day-old animals were injected. In that study, although much of the phosphatidylcholine turned over rapidly as for the older animals, by 2 weeks after injection most of the remaining phosphatidylcholine was turning over more slowly with a half-life of 13 and 25 days for microsomes and myelin respectively (Miller et al., 1977). The base and acyl moieties also had a corresponding shorter half-life in older animals relative to the slow turnover phase in younger rats.
Clause-internal wh-movement in Archaic Chinese

This paper proposes an analysis of wh-movement in late archaic Chinese as clause-internal focus fronting to the edge of vP. The paper further shows that archaic Chinese wh-words were indefinites, as in modern Chinese, and that their interpretation was obtained in the c-command domain of an appropriate trigger, a base-generated operator in [Spec, CP] in the case of wh-questions. The non-quantificational status of wh-words accords well with the short movement analysis since this movement did not serve to place the wh-word in the interrogative scope position in the left periphery of the clause. In this way, the paper also offers a contribution to the growing debate concerning the relationship between wh-movement and the status of wh-words as operators or indefinites. The conclusion here is that movement of wh-indefinites is not unexpected if the landing site is lower than the interrogative scope position.
Fibrin glue augmentation for flexor tendon repair increases friction compared with epitendinous suture.

Purpose To compare the gliding resistance, repair gapping, and ultimate strength of a common suture construct with a modified construct with fibrin glue augmentation. Methods Twelve human cadaveric flexor digitorum profundus tendons were transected and repaired with a 4-strand core suture. Specimens were divided into 2 groups and augmented with epitendinous suture (n = 6) or fibrin glue (n = 6). We compared gliding resistance, 2-mm gapping, and ultimate strength of the repaired tendon between groups. Results The linear stiffness, force to produce a 2-mm gap, and ultimate failure were similar in both repair methods. However, the 4-strand suture repair with fibrin glue augmentation displayed significantly higher gliding resistance compared with the 4-strand suture with a running epitendinous suture. Conclusions The significantly increased gliding resistance associated with fibrin glue raises questions regarding the use of this material for flexor tendon repair augmentation. Clinical relevance In a human cadaveric study, fibrin glue augmentation to zone II flexor tendon repairs significantly increased friction in the tendon sheath compared with an epitendinous suture.
Ovipositional response ofVenturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to various host and parasite densities

Ovipositional response inVenturia canescens (Grav.) parasitizingAnagasta kuhniella (Zeller) is analyzed for all combinations of five parasite densities (2, 5, 10, 25, and 50), four host densities (25, 50, 100, and 200), and three floor area universe sizes (76 cm2, 160 cm2, and 345 cm2). Over this range, no mutual interference (as measured by decreasing parasite fecundity) was observed, althoughNicholson’s area of discovery decreased significantly with parasite density increase as a result of a non-Poisson distribution of parasite eggs; use of this parameter is therefore not a suitable means of determining if mutual interference is present. Other parameters studied, and for which significant correlations were obtained, include mean parasite eggs per host, percentage parasitization, percentage of parasite eggs wasted, and negative binomialk approximations.
Polarization of Li7(p, n)Be7 neutrons☆

Abstract The polarization of neutrons emitted from the Li(p, n) Be7 reaction at an angle of 50° was measured for neutron energies between 0.7 and 1.5 MeV. The polarization was deduced from the right-left asymmetry in the scattering of these neutrons from liquid oxygen. The results indicate that the polarization is close to −0.3, independent of bombarding energy. One measurement for neutrons emitted at 30° yields a polarization only slightly smaller than for neutrons emitted at 80' for the same proton energy. The total neutron cross section of oxygen was remeasured for neutron energies between 0.7 MeV and 1.4 MeV.
Metabolism-enhanced tumor localization by fluorescence imaging: in vivo animal studies

We present a high-sensitivity near-infrared optical imaging system for noninvasive cancer detection and localization based on molecularly labeled fluorescent contrast agents. This frequency-domain system utilizes the interferencelike pattern of diffuse photon density waves to achieve high detection sensitivity and localization accuracy for the fluorescent heterogeneity embedded inside the scattering media. A two-dimensional localization map is obtained through reflectance probe geometry and goniometric reconstruction. In vivo measurements with a tumor-bearing mouse model by use of the novel Cypate-mono-2-deoxy-glucose fluorescent contrast agent, which targets the enhanced tumor glycolysis, demonstrate the feasibility of detection of a 2-cm-deep subsurface tumor in the tissuelike medium, with a localization accuracy within 2-3 mm.
Evaluation of angiosperm and fern contributions to soil organic matter using two methods of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Ferns are an important plant group, and older phylogenies of non-polypod ferns contain relatively high concentrations of aliphatic leaf waxes, lignins, and tannins that could contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) biochemistry and stability. Pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (py-GC/MS) analyzes biochemical fragments which can be related to lignin, polysaccharide, lipid, nitrogen (N)-bearing, non-lignin aromatics, and phenol source compounds. Thermochemolysis using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) combined with py-GC/MS improves detection of lignin, cutin, and suberin-derived compounds. To examine the advantages and disadvantages of both methods for characterizing plant and soil biochemistry, we characterized non-polypod and polypod fern and angiosperm live tissues, roots and soils from the Kohala Mountains, Hawaii. Py-GC/MS provided a broad biochemical overview of compound groups including lignin, polysaccharide, lipid, N-bearing, non-lignin aromatics and phenol groups while TMAH-py-GC/MS detailed lignin units and fatty acids at the expense of the other categories. TMAH-py-GC/MS provided more detailed data on lignin, cutin, suberin and tannin-derived compounds. Both methods detected differences in lignin units between species, although p-coumaric and ferulic acids, predominantly found in ferns, were only observed with TMAH-py-GC/MS. Both py-GC/MS and TMAH-py-GC/MS are methods to detect compound-specific plant biomarkers, but are most useful when combined for their complimentary results.
Stepping Motor Failure Model

The phase portrait for a stepping motor with fast current buildup drive is developed. The shape of the trajectories depends on dimensionless load torque and damping ratio but reflects changes in load torque, inertia, damping and stator current. Motor stepping failures occur when the response crosses separatrices in the phase plane during the stepping sequence. Many modes of stepper failure during start-stop or slewing sequences or underload are explained by the phase portrait for the motor and drive. In addition, the global picture of response obtained from the aalysis is useful in developing slewing strategies and evaluating unusual step command sequences.
The effect of exercise on the granulocyte response to isoproterenol in the trained athlete and unconditioned individual.

Abstract Many factors will influence the tissue response to catecholamine stimulation. Isolated human granulocytes (PMNs) release the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase following incubation with complement-activated zymosan particles. Isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) inhibit this PMN release of β-glucuronidase. The effect of exercise on this in vitro granulocyte response was studied in two groups: highly conditioned marathon runners (n = 6) and unconditioned subjects (n = 7). A 13-km run did not produce leukocytosis in the highly conditioned marathon runners and the granulocyte response to isoproterenol was unchanged in cells obtained immediately following the run. In contrast, the seven unconditioned subjects exercised to a maximal response on the treadmill. Following exercise there was an increase in plasma catecholamines, a significant leukocytosis, and granulocytes from the immediate postexercise period responded less well to isoproterenol.
Distributed Search over Encrypted Big Data

Nowadays, huge amount of documents are increasingly transferred to the remote servers due to the appealing features of cloud computing. On the other hand, privacy and security of the sensitive information in untrusted cloud environment is a big concern. To alleviate such concerns, encryption of sensitive data before its transfer to the cloud has become an important risk mitigation option. Encrypted storage provides protection at the expense of a significant increase in the data management complexity. For effective management, it is critical to provide efficient selective document retrieval capability on the encrypted collection. In fact, considerable amount of searchable symmetric encryption schemes have been designed in the literature to achieve this task. However, with the emergence of big data everywhere, available approaches are insufficient to address some crucial real-world problems such as scalability.In this study, we focus on practical aspects of a secure keyword search mechanism over encrypted data. First, we propose a provably secure distributed index along with a parallelizable retrieval technique that can easily scale to big data. Second, we integrate authorization into the search scheme to limit the information leakage in multi-user setting where users are allowed to access only particular documents. Third, we offer efficient updates on the distributed secure index. In addition, we conduct extensive empirical analysis on a real dataset to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed practical techniques.
Site selective activation of lateral hypothalamic mGluR1 and R5 receptors elicits feeding in rats

Abstract Recent findings from our lab indicate that metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation elicits eating, and the goal of the current study was to specify whether the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is the actual brain site mediating this effect. To examine this issue we injected the selective mGluR group I agonist ( S )-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) unilaterally into the LH and surrounding regions (n = 5–8 subjects/brain site) of satiated adult male Sprague–Dawley rats and measured elicited feeding. We determined that 1.0 nmol elicited food intake only within the LH. Increasing the dose to 10 or 25 nmol produced a more sustained effect in the LH, and also elicited eating in several other brain sites. These results, demonstrating that the LH mediates the eating elicited by low doses of DHPG, suggest that the LH may contain mGluR whose activation can produce eating behavior.
Recording psychological testing: the Psychological Testing Report Form.

The Psychological Testing Report Form is presented as an alternative to the psychologist's usual narrative report. Legal and ethical considerations make the reporting of each patient's psychological testing important. Efficient use of psychologist's time and greater utility among disciplines within psychiatric settings points to the possible value of a more formally standardized test-reporting form. An hypothetical patient and her test scores are used to illustrate the simplicity and usefulness of the form.
The effect of dislocations on diffusion in germanium

Abstract Diffusivities of antimony and indium have been measured in specially deformed germanium specimens. The diffusivity of antimony has been measured 1. (1) parallel to a high density array of parallel edge dislocations, 2. (2) perpendicular to this array, and 3. (3) in low dislocation, non-deformed material. The diffusivity of indium was measured in heavily deformed and in non-deformed germanium specimens. The results of these experiments indicate that the array of parallel dislocations in densities of between 10 6 and 10 7 cm −2 has no effect upon the diffusion of antimony in p-type germanium. Neither an anisotropy of diffusion rates with respect to the dislocation direction nor a difference in diffusivities in deformed and undeformed material was detected. Similarly, the introduction of high densities of dislocations has no measureable effect upon the diffusion of indium into n-type germanium.
Obstructive sleep apnea: the new cardiovascular disease. Part I: obstructive sleep apnea and the pathogenesis of vascular disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. OSA is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery disease and stroke. OSA exerts its negative cardiovascular consequences through its unique pattern of intermittent hypoxia. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation are all consequences of OSA directly linked to intermittent hypoxia and critical pathways in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in patients with OSA. This review will discuss the known mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in patients with OSA and their implications for cardiovascular disease.
Thermodynamic analysis shows conformational coupling and dynamics confer substrate specificity in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase.

Conformational flexibility is emerging as a central theme in enzyme catalysis. Thus, identifying and characterizing enzyme dynamics is critical for understanding catalytic mechanisms. Herein, coupling analysis, which uses thermodynamic analysis to assess cooperativity/coupling between distal regions on an enzyme, is used to interrogate substrate specificity among fructose-1,6-(bis)phosphate aldolase (aldolase) isozymes. Aldolase exists as three isozymes, A, B, and C distinguishable by their unique substrate preferences despite the fact that the structures of the active sites of the three isozymes are nearly identical. While conformational flexibility has been observed in aldolase A, its function in the catalytic reaction of aldolase has not been demonstrated. To explore the role of conformational dynamics in substrate specificity, those residues associated with isozyme specificity (ISRs) were swapped and the resulting chimeras were subjected to steady-state kinetics. Thermodynamic analyses suggest cooperativity between a terminal surface patch (TSP) and a distal surface patch (DSP) of ISRs that are separated by >8.9A. Notably, the coupling energy (ΔGI) is anti-correlated with respect to the two substrates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate. The difference in coupling energy with respect to these two substrates accounts for about 70% of the energy difference for the ratio of kcat/Km for the two substrates between aldolase A and aldolase B. These non-additive mutational effects between the TSP and DSP provide functional evidence that coupling interactions arising from conformational flexibility during catalysis are a major determinant of substrate specificity.
A molecular model for bipolar affective disorder

The biological basis of bipolar disorder is not known. Models for the illness have been proposed that were based on the neurobiological effects of pharmacological agents that affect mood. Although of great interest, these models have not adequately explained the striking clinical pattern of illness in which patients may experience either unipolar episodes or bipolar cycles of mania and depression. We now present a new model suggesting that the unique clinical heterogeneity found in patients with bipolar disorder could be explained by a defect in a 'downstream' portion of a signal transduction pathway that can regulate two or more neurotransmitter systems that have opposite effects on neuronal activity. This model may target specific candidate genes for involvement in bipolar disorder.
The Structure of the Ageostrophic Wind Field in Baroclinic Waves

Abstract A high-pass filtered time series of the 500-mb height at a grid point in the Pacific storm track is regressed against the ageostrophic wind field at all grid points on the NMC grids for nine winters in order to determine the characteristic relationship between the ageostrophic wind and the geopotential distribution in baroclinic waves. The resulting ageostrophic wind pattern does not consist simply of a zonally oriented divergent circulation as sometimes pictured in theoretical models. Rather, it is dominated by the zonal component along the axis of the baroclinic waves at the 250-mb level, and the meridional component along the poleward and equatorward flanks of the waves at the 850-mb level. Diagnosis of the disturbance fields indicates that the finite meridional width of the baroclinic jet and its associated wave disturbances is the key factor in determining the distribution of the ageostrophic wind. It is shown that the ageostrophic flow based on a variable Coriolis parameter should not be us...
Exploration of FPGA interconnect for the design of unconventional antennas

The programmable interconnection resources are one aspect that distinguishes FPGAs from other devices. The abundance of these resources in modern devices almost always assures us that the most complex design can be routed. This underutilized resource can be used for other unintended purposes. One such use, explored here, is to concatenate large networks together to form pseudo-equipotential geometric shapes. These shapes can then be evaluated in terms of their ability to radiate (modulated) energy off the chip to a nearby receiver. In this paper, an unconventional method of building such transmitters on an FPGA is proposed. Arbitrary shaped antennas are created using a unique flow involving an experimental router and binary images. An experiment setup is used to measure the performance of the antennas created.
Peptide/protein structure analysis using the chemical shift index method: Upfield α-CH values reveal dynamic helices and αL sites

The alpha-CH shifts observed by 1H NMR for medium-sized peptides and for an unusual small protein, herein, which has a high density of alpha L conformations within its 43 residue length, reveal that the recently introduced chemical shift index (CSI) analysis places short dynamic helices (alpha R) and alpha L residues in the same category as stable helices. The method appears to be a promising addition to the arsenal of methods for peptide structure analysis and is clearly not limited to rigid protein systems.
Recognition Memory, Familiarity, and Déjà vu Experiences

Deja vu occurs when one feels as though a situation is familiar, despite evidence that the situation could not have been experienced before. Until recently, the topic of deja vu remained largely outside of the realm of mainstream scientific investigation. However, interest in investigating the nature of deja vu is growing among researchers of cognitive processes. In some cases, deja vu may be understood within the context of research on human recognition memory. Specifically, deja vu may sometimes result from familiarity-based recognition, or recognition that is based on feelings of familiarity that occur without identification of their source.
Doula Care, Early Breastfeeding Outcomes, and Breastfeeding Status at 6 Weeks Postpartum Among Low-Income Primiparae

Objective To examine associations between doula care, early breastfeeding outcomes, and breastfeeding duration. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Regional hospital in northern California. Participants Low-income, full gestation primiparae receiving doula care (n=44) or standard care (n=97). Measures Birth outcomes and newborn feeding data obtained from the hospital record. Follow-up interviews conducted at day 3 to record the timing of onset of lactogenesis and breastfeeding behavior and at 6 weeks to obtain current breastfeeding status. Results Adjusting for baseline differences, women receiving doula care were significantly more likely to have a short stage II labor, a noninstrumental vaginal delivery, and to experience onset of lactogenesis within 72 hours postpartum (timely onset of lactogenesis). Overall, 68% of women receiving doula care and 54% of women receiving standard care were breastfeeding at 6 weeks. In the subset with a prenatal stressor (n=63), the doula care group was more than twice as likely to be breastfeeding at 6 weeks (89% vs. standard care, 40%). Breastfeeding at 6 weeks was also significantly associated with timely onset of lactogenesis and maternal report that the infant "sucked well" at day 3. Conclusions Doula care was associated with improved childbirth outcomes and timely onset of lactogenesis. Both directly and as mediated by timely onset of lactogenesis, doula care was also associated with higher breastfeeding prevalence at 6 weeks.
Network threat modeling

Threat modeling is an important risk assessment and mitigation practice that provides the capability to secure a network environment. Performing a security risk analysis will help provide a clearer picture of the network, system, and software environment. The steps that can be taken to mitigate the identified security risks are discussed in the paper.