cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Process View of Opportunity Recognition and Creation for Radical Innovation

One of the fundamental questions addressed in the field of entrepreneurship is how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities for radical innovation (RI) that contributes to new venture creation. Whereas incremental innovation (II) involves minor changes to an existing product or service, RI creates a new user experience by altering the cognitive ecosystem of products and creating new markets. Recent RI products such as PayPal, Snapchat, Dropbox, Magic Leap, and Square have demonstrated the potentially salubrious effect of RI that contributes to new venture creation. However, technological uncertainty, business inexperience, and unknown customer preferences render RI a high- risk proposition, and comparatively little is known about how to engage and manage RI compared with II. Because scholars and practitioners focus more on individual factors that contribute to innovations, they emphasize less the whole-of-process view from the origins of innovation. To analyze innovation processes of opportunity recognition ...
Flipping Coins and Coding Turtles

Nearly four decades ago, Thomas Schelling used coins and a checkerboard to simulate how simple social rules could produce stark neighborhood segregation. That early social science model marked the beginning of a movement to incorporate simulation into social science that continues to gain momentum today. Using political science and international studies as a frame of reference, this chapter explores the incomplete permeation of simulation into the statistical and qualitative research toolkits of those pursuing social inquiry. We begin by chronicling the development of several key advancements in modeling social systems, including formal modeling such as game theory, the adoption of statistical and computer-based modeling, and the advancement of computational social sciences using evolutionary computation and other dynamic modeling paradigms. Then, we discuss how and why simulation remains at the periphery of social science research methodologies. We compare a classic Prisoner’s Dilemma model to one designed using an agent-based simulation approach to illustrate the population ecology of emergent strategies. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the ways simulation of social systems would have to evolve to have more impact on the field of social sciences.
Scaffold-Assisted Artificial Hair Implantation in a Rat Model

ImportanceCurrent treatments for alopecia with autograft hair transplantation face limitations that may preclude complete hair restoration and leave patients with donor site scars. Scaffold assiste...
IL-23 Inhibitors for Psoriasis

The purpose of this article is to review current understanding of the role of IL-23 in psoriasis and the available results to date on clinical trials establishing the efficacy and safety of IL-23 inhibitors for use in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Interleukin-23, a cytokine involved in activation and maintenance of the T-helper 17 pathway, plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. While antibodies to IL-12 and IL-23 have been approved in psoriasis treatment for several years, robust evidence on the key role of IL-23 has led to the newest class of biologics for the treatment of psoriasis specifically targeting only IL-23. Guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and mirikizumab are fully human (guselkumab) or humanized (tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and mirikizumab) monoclonal antibodies that bind to the unique p19 subunit of IL-23. Guselkumab was recently approved for use in psoriasis, while the three others remain under investigation in clinical trials. Early data from clinical trials shows high efficacy and low short-term safety risks of IL-23 inhibition.
Circulating Tumor Cell Assessment in Presumed Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Purpose In patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for presumed early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), detection and monitoring of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be useful for assessing treatment response safely and noninvasively. No published reports of CTC trends in this patient population exist to date. Methods and Materials Patients with clinically diagnosed stage I NSCLC treated with SBRT were eligible for this institutional review board–approved prospective clinical trial. Peripheral blood samples were assayed for CTCs via a green fluorescent protein-expressing adenoviral probe. CTC positivity was defined as 1.3 green fluorescent protein-positive cells/mL of collected blood. Samples were obtained before (pre–radiation therapy [RT]), during, and after SBRT (post-RT; months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24). SBRT was delivered in ≤5 fractions (median dose of 50 Gy in 12.5 Gy fractions) to a biological equivalent dose of ≥100 Gy in all cases. Results Forty-eight consecutive patients (T1a [73%], T1b [21%], and T2a [6%]) were enrolled. Median follow-up was 14.2 months. Twenty patients (42%) had a positive CTC level pre-RT, with a median CTC count of 4.2 CTCs per mL (interquartile range [IQR], 2.2-18.7). Of these 20 patients, 17 had evaluable post-RT CTC evaluations showing reduced CTC counts at 1 month (median, 0.2; IQR, 0.1-0.8) and 3 months (median, 0.6; IQR, 0-1.1). Three of these 17 patients experienced disease progression at a median of 19.9 months; all 3 experienced ≥1 positive post-RT CTC test predating clinical progression by a median of 16 months (range, 2-17 months). In contrast, among patients presenting with CTC-detectable disease and for whom all post-RT CTC tests were negative, none experienced recurrence or progression. Conclusions CTC monitoring after SBRT for presumed early stage NSCLC may give lead-time notice of disease recurrence or progression. Conversely, negative CTC counts after treatment may provide reassurance of disease control. CTC analysis is thus potentially useful in enhancing clinical diagnosis and follow-up in this population.
Applying a difference ratio method in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to determine crystalline anisotropies and antiferromagnetic spin alignment in Cr(0 0 1) c(2 × 2)

Abstract We present spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy results for 8 micrometer thick, chromium (0 0 1)-oriented thin films deposited using molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(0 0 1) substrates, achieving a smooth, atomically-stepped staircase morphology. The c(2 × 2) surface structure of the Cr(0 0 1) surface was found via atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images and dI/dV spectroscopy. A practical method of interpreting spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy dI/dV images was developed and applied to the c(2 × 2) Cr(0 0 1) surface structure. A 180° spin reversal between atomic layers, characteristic of a topological, layer-wise antiferromagnetic spin structure, was quantitatively verified. In addition, the spin anisotropy directions for 3 different antiferromagnetic, atomic staircase domains occurring on the c(2 × 2) surface were quantitatively determined to coincide with the [1 0 0], [0 1 0], and [1 1 0] crystallographic axes of chromium.
Business Process Versus Coordination Process in Organizational Change

Organizational change has been a key component in enhancing performance and organizational design. Previous process-oriented organizational change methods, however, focused on simplifying process flow without examining how it affects other organizational elements. Since an organization consists of several interdependent elements, a change within an organization can affect the other dependent organizational elements. Lack of coordination within an organization can result in unexpected poor performance and high coordination cost. In this research, we suggest a coordination theory approach to organizational process change by applying the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Process Handbook with simulation technique. For the validity test, we applied the Process Handbook to a real hospital. From the application case, we saw that the proposed approach is useful in minimizing the risk of the change project by validating change alternatives using simulation technique, coordinating the dependent organizational elements, and managing change effects on other organizational elements. In this article, we discuss the proposed method and the transformation of a new organizational design to the workflow system development.
A Finite Element Method for Dynamic Contact Problems

This paper addresses the formulation and discrete approximation of dynamic contact initial-value problems. The continuous problem is presented in the context of non-linear kinematics. Standard semi-discrete time integrators are introduced and are shown to be unsuccessful in modeling the kinematic constraints imposed on the interacting bodies during persistent contact. A procedure that bypasses the aforementioned difficulties is proposed by means of a novel variational formulation. Numerical simulations are conducted and the results are reported and discussed.
Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI): Research Framework

In this chapter, we review the computational research framework that is adopted by the Dark Web research. We first present the security research context, followed by description of a data mining framework for Intelligence and Security Informatics research.
Several Empirical Justifications

Continuing on what was done in the previous chapter, we will in this chapter study several empirical evidences and observations that underline the existence of the yoyo structure behind each and every system, which either tangibly exists or is intellectually imaginable.
Developing a panel of biomarkers and miRNA in patients with myocardial infarction for early intervention strategies of heart failure in West Virginian population.

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure. MI has been intricately linked to ventricular remodeling, subsequently leading to the reduction in the cardiac ejection fraction causing HF. The cumulative line of evidence suggests an important role of several biomarkers in modulating the cardiac vasculature, further contributing towards the progression of post-MI complications. Studies have demonstrated, yet not fully established, that an important biomarker, IL-10, has a causal relationship with MI and associated cardiac dysfunction. HYPOTHESIS This study aims to establish the role of IL-10 as a prognostic marker for the cardiovascular outcomes and to develop a panel of biomarkers and circulating miRNAs that could potentially result in the early detection of HF resulting from MI, allowing for early intervention strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood was withdrawn and echocardiography assessment was performed on a total of 43 patients that were enrolled, within 24 hours of the incidence of MI. Patients were divided in three main groups, based on the ejection fraction measurement from echocardiography: control (n = 14), MI with normal EF (MI+NEF, n = 13) and MI with low EF (MI+LEF, n = 16). Our results showed that TGFβ-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and MMP-9 were upregulated significantly in MI+NEF group and more so in MI+LEF group, as compared to control group (p<0.01). The circulating levels of miR-34a, miR-208b and miR-126 were positively correlated and showed elevated levels in the MI+NEF group, even higher in MI+LEF group, while levels of miR-24 and miR-29a were reduced in MI+NEF, and much lower in MI+LEF, as compared to the control group (p<0.01). Our results also demonstrated a direct correlation of IL-10 with the ejection fraction in patients with MI: IL-10 was elevated in MI+NEF group, however, the levels were significantly low in MI+LEF group suggesting an important role of IL-10 in predicting heart failure. Importantly, our study confirmed the correlation of IL-10 with EF by our follow-up echocardiography assessment that was performed 2 months after the incidence of MI. CONCLUSION Our results support the clinical application of these serum biomarkers to develop a panel for appropriate prognosis and management of adverse cardiac remodeling and development of heart failure post-myocardial infarction.
Sprint Assessment Using Machine Learning and a Wearable Accelerometer.

Field-based sprint performance assessments rely on metrics derived from a simple model of sprinting dynamics parameterized by 2 constants, v0 and τ, which indicate a sprinter’s maximal theoretical ...
T-RECSYS: A Novel Music Recommendation System Using Deep Learning

A recommendation system is a program that utilizes techniques to suggest to a user items that they would likely prefer. This paper focuses on an approach to improving music recommendation systems, although the proposed solution could be applied to many different platforms and domains, including Youtube (videos), Netflix (movies), Amazon (shopping), etc. Current systems lack adequate efficiency once more variables are introduced. Our algorithm, Tunes Recommendation System (T-RECSYS), uses a hybrid of content-based and collaborative filtering as input to a deep learning classification model to produce an accurate recommendation system with real-time prediction. We apply our approach to data obtained from the Spotify Recsys Challenge, attaining precision scores as high as 88% at a balanced discrimination threshold.
Agency in canine-robot interaction: do dogs (Canis familiaris) understand humanoid robots pointing behavior?

We conducted a study on whether dogs (Canis familiaris) perceive robots as agents, using the classic pointing paradigm in animal cognition research. While few studies to date have explored the pointing paradigm with robots, an initial study did not suggest dogs understood non-humanoid robot pointing. In this study, we tested 20 dogs with the humanoid robot Nao. Our results did not suggest that dogs understand humanoid robot pointing. We are currently working on revising the design and will conduct more experiments.
Human Impact on the Environment

All human societies are subject to environmental constraints, and some are the products of them. Land resources, natural life (and its concomitant disease), the vagaries of climate including water, and not least the rich variety of our own species have together given each society its special characteristics, successes, failures and possibilities. Many wise things will already have been contributed to this symposium about the climatic aspect, and I shall not attempt to repeat them.
The Life Cycle (Without Regression)

Freud argued that the dreamer and, by extension, the neurotic adult regresses from the realities of the chronological present to the still conflictual strivings and anxieties of childhood. These st...
Evolution of the Arctic Alaska Sedimentary Basin

Abstract The Arctic Alaska basin occupies the eastern part of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate, which rifted from the Canadian Arctic margin during opening of the Canada Basin. Stratigraphy comprises four tectonostratigraphic sequences. (1) The Devonian and older Franklinian sequence consists of sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks deposited on the Arctic passive margin of Laurentia and in a Devonian foreland basin, and deformed during Caledonian, Romanzof, and Ellesmerian tectonism. (2) The Mississippian–Triassic Ellesmerian sequence was deposited on the Arctic rifted passive margin of Laurentia during and after opening of the Angayucham Ocean basin. Predominant sediment routing was southward in present coordinates. (3) The Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Beaufortian sequence was deposited during rift-opening of the Canada Basin, and includes graben fill on the rift shoulder and a southward offlapping clastic wedge beneath the Alaska North Slope. (4) The Lower Cretaceous–Cenozoic Brookian sequence was deposited in the Colville foreland basin and on the Beaufort rifted margin during Brooks Range–Chukotkan tectonism. Predominant sediment routing was eastward (longitudinal) in the underfilled foreland basin, and progressively became northward in the overfilled foreland basin and on the rifted margin. The Arctic Alaska basin is a prolific petroleum province from which approximately 18 billion barrels of oil have been produced since 1977. The basin hosts the Prudhoe Bay oil field, the largest in North America.
Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Migraine Headaches

Botulinum toxin injections are currently indicated for different purposes including prophylaxis for chronic migraine headaches in adults. Presented is basic knowledge regarding botulinum toxin, criteria for prophylactic use in chronic migraine headaches, and its targeted therapeutic administration.
Mitochondrial DNA has strong selective effects across the nuclear genome

Abstract Oxidative phosphorylation requires gene products encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and is the primary source of cellular energy in eukaryotes. As a result, functional integration between the genomes is essential for efficient ATP generation in these organisms. Although within populations this integration is presumably maintained by coevolution, both the importance of coevolution in speciation and mitochondrial disease, and the strength of selection for maintenance of coevolved genotypes are widely questioned. In this study, we crossed populations of the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus californicus, to disrupt putatively coevolved mitonuclear genotypes in reciprocal F2 hybrids. We utilized inter-individual variation in developmental rate, a proxy for fitness, among these hybrids to assess the strength of selection imposed on the nuclear genome by alternate mitochondrial genotypes. There was substantial variation in developmental rate among hybrid individuals, and in vitro ATP synthesis rates of mitochondria isolated from high fitness hybrids were approximately twice those of mitochondria isolated from low fitness individuals. Furthermore, we used Pool-seq to reveal large deviations in nuclear allele frequencies in hybrids, which favored maternal alleles in only high fitness individuals of each reciprocal cross. Therefore, our most fit hybrids had partial recovery of coevolved genotypes, indicating that mitonuclear effects underlie individual-level variation in developmental rate and that inter-genomic compatibility is critical for high fitness. These results demonstrate that mitonuclear interactions have profound impacts on both physiological performance and the evolutionary trajectory of the nuclear genome.
Influence of Body Condition and Lasalocid During Late Gestation on Blood Metabolites, Lamb Birth Weight and Colostrum Composition and Production in Finn-Cross Ewes

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of body condition (BC) and of lasalocid (L) the last 4 wk of gestation on blood metabolite profiles, lamb birth weight and colostrum composition and production. Twenty-eight 3-yr-old Finn-Targhee ewes (73 kg) were assigned randomly within BC grouping (2.5 or 3.5) and individually fed a diet of 90% alfalfa pellets and 10% of a supplement containing either no L (C = control) or L. Gestation and 24-h postlambing weights were higher (P less than .05) for 3.5 BC versus 2.5 BC ewes. Lasalocid had no effect (P greater than .05) on ewe weight. Average number of lambs born within treatment groups were similar (P greater than .05). Total kilograms of lamb born were greater (P less than .10) for 3.5 BC ewes. Body condition 3.5 ewes had greater concentrations of total protein (P less than .10) and albumin (P less than .05) the last 4 wk of gestation than those in the 2.5 BC group. Feeding L decreased (P less than .05) blood urea-N in comparison with C ewes. Colostrum composition and production were not influenced (P greater than .05) by BC, L or number of lambs born. Serum 3-hydroxybutyrate seemed to be a good indicator of energy metabolism; albumin and blood urea-N concentrations reflected dietary protein intake. Lasalocid had a minimal effect on nutrient metabolism and productivity of ewes fed in excess of the NRC (1985) protein and energy requirements.
VPIN, liquidity, and return volatility in the U.S. equity markets

Abstract We examine the volume-synchronized probability of informed trading metric (the VPIN flow toxicity metric, developed by Easley, Lopez de Prado, & O'Hara, 2012) as a real-time risk management tool for liquidity deteriorations in the U.S. equity markets. We find that VPIN provides information about market liquidity and stock return volatility on ex-ante basis. These results indicate that VPIN can be a useful risk-management tool for market makers, regulators and traders in the U.S. equity markets. We also document that VPIN is negatively associated with volume and number of trades, but positively associated with trade size and volume fragmentation. These findings suggest that VPIN indicates the adverse selection problem of liquidity providers by capturing the information in volume.
An automorphism group of an ω‐stable structure that is not locally (OB)

We observe that there is an example of an automorphism group of a model of an ω-stable theory—in fact, the prime model of an uncountably categorical theory—that is not locally (OB), answering a question of Rosendal.
Citizenship in Africa: The Law of Belonging

The United Nations estimates that there are 272 million migrants around the world.1 These individuals will become long-term residents, have families, and create communities. Yet the citizenship laws in their countries of residence may deny them and their children access to citizenship or take away previously granted citizenship. In light of such developments, the right to nationality has become an important right to examine. There is a growing literature within international human rights law about the right to nationality, but it is a topic that has received sparse attention from citizenship and nationality scholars. Bronwen Manby’s Citizenship in Africa: The Law of...
Strengths, Gaps, and Opportunities: Results of a Statewide Community Needs Assessment of Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Resources

Abstract Context Pediatric palliative care (PPC) can improve quality of life of children with life-threatening conditions and their families. However, PPC resources vary by state and within a state, and PPC resources and personnel are often inequitably distributed toward urban areas with major hospital systems. A community needs assessment (CNA) that evaluates the current status of PPC and pediatric hospice care can help identify gaps and opportunities to improve PPC access. Objectives A CNA was performed in the state of Georgia to explore the scope and gaps of PPC and hospice services and plan for what is needed to grow PPC and hospice services. Methods The CNA used a mixed-methods approach, including a community profile, literature search, windshield survey, key informant interviews, and a quantitative online survey. The methodology is outlined in a companion article, entitled “A methodological approach to conducting a statewide community needs assessment of pediatric palliative care and hospice resources.” Results Four key themes were identified from synthesis of primary and secondary data collection: defining and providing PPC, the environment for PPC in Georgia, coordination and collaboration, and the future of PPC in Georgia. Recommendations to improve PPC services in Georgia were categorized by feasibility and importance. High feasibility and high importance recommendations included expanding PPC education for both providers and patients and creating a formal network or coalition of PPC providers and allies who can work collaboratively at multiple care levels across Georgia in expanding PPC services. Conclusion In Georgia, this assessment provides the foundation for next steps in coordinated efforts between hospital-based clinicians, state hospice and palliative care organizations, and state policy makers to ultimately expand PPC care available to children and families.
30 – PROBLEM AREAS FOR THE MARKET

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the problem areas for the energy market. Public goods and public sector plays a significant role in this case. Any review of actual public policies shows great diversity and variety. Some kinds of public goods are provided publicly or not at all because there exist no reasonable private alternative ways of providing them. This can happen because there does not exists private mechanism to pay for the provision of these goods, or it can happen, as in the case of sewage disposal or justice, because compulsory use of the goods by all is required to permit its enjoyment by any group. A discrepancy between public and private supplies often arises from externalities. An important attribute of the public collective good is the willingness to appeal to the police power of the state. A frequent issue concerns whether redistributional policies achieved by provision of specific goods and services are intended to bring about changes in consumption patterns or do so incidentally.
Evaluation of Recombinant Type-Specific Antigens of Orientia Tsutsugamushi Which Were Expressed by Baculovirus-Insect Cell System as Antigens for Indirect Immunofluorescent Assay in the Serological Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus

Scrub typhus (ST) is a mite-borne rickettsiosis caused by the intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi (OTS), which is classified as a biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) pathogen. For serological tests of ST, mouse fibroblast cells infected with the five prevalent serotypes of OTS in Japan are generally used as antigens for indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In this study, Spodoptera frugiperda derived insect cell line (Sf9) cells infected with recombinant type-specific antigen (rTSA)-expressing baculovirus were used for IFA. The paired serum samples of 15 ST patients, 10 rickettsiosis patients, and 10 control individuals were used. IgM and IgG titers determined by the rTSA-based IFA were correlated with those determined by the OTS-infected cell-based IFA (R2 = 0.7319 to 0.7956). Based on the criteria for serological diagnosis, such as a suitable cutoff for single serum samples (IgM ≥ 1:160) and/or a significant increase in IgG titers between paired sera (≥ 4-fold), all 15 ST patients diagnosed as positive with the OTS-infected cell-based IFA were also diagnosed as positive by the rTSA-based IFA, whereas all 10 rickettsiosis patients and 10 control individuals were not. Thus, the rTSAs, which can be prepared in BSL-2 laboratories, are efficacious for the serological diagnosis of ST.
Articulating Geoengineering: Identifying an Understanding of Geoengineering Technology Through the Crutzen +10 Special Issue Forum:

This article explores intertextuality, research questions, and arguments scientists use to articulate the legitimacy of geoengineering practices as “good science.” I employ critical discourse analy...
Evaluation of a Disease State Stewardship Intervention for Urinary Tract Infections at an Academic Medical Center

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often misdiagnosed and mismanaged. Disease state stewardship initiatives targeting UTIs through the development of institutional guidelines and real-time prospective audit and feedback (PAAF) on provider management may have a significant impact on the overuse of antimicrobials. Objective: Our study evaluated the effectiveness of a UTI focused disease state stewardship intervention by assessing institutional guideline adherence before and after implementation. Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary-care academic medical center. Patients >18 years of age receiving antimicrobials for a UTI were included. A previously performed retrospective review of UTI management from September-November 2017 was used as the baseline. The UTI management guideline was implemented in July 2018, and service lines were educated. A PAAF initiative began in June 2019, whereby the antimicrobial stewardship team performed daily reviews of patients receiving antimicrobials for UTIs. Data was collected on their management, and providers were contacted in real time with recommendations based on the institutional guideline. Patients reviewed June–October 2019 were included in the postimplementation analysis. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, underwent a urological procedure with risk of mucosal bleeding, or were an outside hospital transfer already on UTI therapy. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate guideline adherence before and after the implementation of PAAF for the management of UTIs. Results: In total, 198 patients in the preintervention group and 246 in the PAAF group were included. The emergency department was the primary ordering service of urinalyses (60.1% vs 66.1%; P = .2287) in both periods and altered mental status as the main indication for testing (35.2% vs 31.3%; P = .5465). Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria decreased significantly between the 2 periods: 74.8% versus 36.2% (P = .0001). Appropriate ordering of urinalyses (33.8% vs 68.3%; P = .0001) and urine cultures (29.3% vs 61.0%; P = .0001) also improved in the PAAF group. Recommendations made during PAAF included therapy discontinuation (66.7%), antimicrobial therapy change (15.5%), or duration modification (15.5%), and 59.5% of first interventions were accepted. Overall guideline compliance significantly improved from 13.1% in the preintervention period to 26.1% in the PAAF period (P = .0011). Conclusions: A UTI disease state intervention was associated with significant reductions in the treatment of asymptomatic presentations as well as an improvement in overall guideline adherence. We believe that this approach represents a powerful stewardship strategy for decreasing unnecessary antimicrobial usage. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Receptivity to casual sexual requests.

Research has long noted that there are differences between men’s and women’s responses to casual sexual requests. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend the Clark and Hatfield paradigm wh...
An agent-based model to assess citizens’ acceptance of COVID-19 restrictions

Italy was the first European state affected by COVID-19. Despite many uncertainties, citizens chose to trust the authorities and their trust was pivotal. This research aims to investigate the contr...
Understanding Functioning and Work Disability Is Essential to Disability Evaluation

Work disability is the inability or decreased ability of an individual to work due to illness or injury. It may be associated with personal suffering, decreased functioning, loss of income, increased medical costs, and strained relationships. In order to mitigate and resolve work disability, we must be able to better recognize and define the factors surrounding work. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a comprehensive classification system that utilizes a bio-psycho-social perspective to identify factors that affect human functioning and health. Integration of the ICF into vocational rehabilitation assessment and intervention will provide a conceptual framework to describe and quantify the impact of disease or injury on an individual. By implementing a standardized language and framework for researchers and clinicians, we can reduce variability of care currently pervasive in vocational rehabilitation practice. Integrating the ICF into vocational rehabilitation assessment and intervention will improve patient outcomes.
Pseudo-Noise Code Interferometry for Multibeam Lidar

We present traveling-wave pseudo-noise coded interferometry to generate hundreds of uniquely intensity-modulated beams for multibeam lidar. Lidar backscatter is summed on a single detector and separated into individual beam range profiles with a single correlation.
Educating the Generalist Practitioner in the Skills of Public Relations: A Challenge for the Eighties.

Abstract Public relations skills are increasingly important in the social service field. Reduced government financial support and a return to voluntarism have made it necessary to develop broad-based community support. Agency staff members, in addition to agency directors, need to have public relations skills in order to increase agency visibility and citizen understanding of client needs. The authors recommend that an effective level of public relations skills be incorporated in the generalist undergraduate curriculum and describe a unit of study developed for a senior seminar field instruction course.
Information Acquisition Decisions and the Choice of Financial Year-Ends

In some industries the financial-year-ends of member firms are clustered together whereas in others they are more widely dispersed. This study attempts to provide an explanation for this phenomenon. Recognizing that financial-year-ends are not just the time when firms disclose information but also the time when they acquire information (when books are closed), we frame this study in the larger economic context of determining the optimal timing of information acquisition and release. Prior studies have examined the frequency with which firms acquire costly information. We address a question that follows naturally: given that information is acquired only once every t operating periods, when during the t period should such an exercise take place? We also examine a related question: do competing firms have any incentive to share the information acquisition burden? The results of our analysis indicate that firms' choice of their financial year-end may partially be driven by the degree of correlation between the firms' cost (and demand) parameters and the incentives to share the information acquisition burden. Duopolists that face random but permanent shocks to their linear cost (or demand) parameter every period, but who can collect information in only some of the periods, will choose identical year-ends (that which is dictated by the stochastic environment) unless their costs are very strongly correlated (almost close to 1). Only when their costs are highly correlated do the firms choose staggered year-ends. Whether year-ends are clustered or staggered are also shown to be a function of the differences in cost variances for the two firms.
Light actuated microfluidic devices

A light-actuated microfluidic device has been successfully fabricated to inject, move, separate, and merge liquid droplets with nano-liter volumes. Light actuation is realized by sandwiching the liquid droplets between two photosensitive surfaces whose wettability can be changed by light. By integrating a photoconductor with an electrowetting electrode, the surface tension at the liquid/solid interface above the electrode can be modified by shining an optical beam on the photoconductor. The surface tension change is reversible and has a fast response time (millisecond). The liquid droplets follow the optical beam path up to a speed of 78 nm/sec. All optical actuation for complete liquid droplet functions has been achieved. Simultaneous manipulation of multiple droplets is also demonstrated.
Computational methods of signal recovery and recognition

Part 1 The vector space approach: introduction to the vector space approach of signal processing discrete linear systems and signals - a vector space approach. Part 2 Signal recovery: image recovery - a vector space approach image recovery using row action projection methods the restoration of 3-D surfaces from 2-D images. Part 3 Adaptive signal recovery: a vector space approach to adaptive filtering adaptive image recovery adaptive time-varying spectral estimation communication channel equalization for digital data adaptive beamforming. Part 4 Signal recognition: neural networks neural tree networks the recognition of multicomponent signals.
Affect Regulation and Attachment Focused Treatment of a Husband with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and His Wife

Abstract In this paper, the author presents an overview of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), an affect regulation and attachment framework for treatment of couples and families, and a case study illustrating how this framework can be used to work with a couple in which the husband has OCD symptoms.
The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage

We analyzed the clinical course of 85 consecutive, endoscopically verified variceal bleeders. Most patients were alcoholics with advanced stages of hepatic dysfunction. Bleeding was major in all, and medical mortality was 42% at 6 wk. Factors affecting mortality and factors not affecting survival, such as age and comorbid conditions, were identified. Sixty percent of early deaths and 40% of late deaths were attributable to bleeding. Approximately one-third of patients experienced rebleeding within 6 wk, and one-third of survivors experienced subsequent bleeds. In these patients significant improvement with observation was often anticipated, but could not be verified. The majority of deaths associated with variceal bleeding occur soon after the bleeding episode. Those who survive the hospitalization for bleeding may not fare worse than others of similar hepatic functional reserve but who have not experienced bleeding. We demonstrated that statistically significantly different survival curves could be obtained from the same population by changing the zero time for calculating survival. For example, a 1-yr survival rate of 34% for all medically treated patients could be raised to 52% by eliminating from consideration those who failed to survive 2 wk. The long-term survival course of those surviving greater than 2 wk was not statistically significantly different from published series of unselected cirrhotics without bleeding. Variceal bleeding is a common accompaniment of advanced liver disease. We propose that any substantial improvement in long-term survival must improve survival for the early period. If controlled trials are to be done, patients should be matched for hepatic functional reserve and identical zero time for calculating survival must be used.
Teaching an Integrated Science Curriculum: Linking Teacher Knowledge and Teaching Assignments.

Anumberof factorsaffectsuccessful implementationofan integrated science curriculum, including various outputs and inputs related to teacher quality suchas professional development experiences, adequate planning periods, and adequate content preparation of teachers with regard to content knowledge associated with the curriculum taught (Huntley, 1998; Knudson, 1937; Leung, 2006; Palmer, 1991; Southern Region Education Board, 1998). Other researchers have examined the relationship between teacher quality and teacher retention (Ingersoll, 2000; National Center for Education Statistics, 1996), and national organizations have defined minimum content preparation standards to improve teachingand learning (InterstateNewTeacherAssessmentand SupportConsortium[ITASC],2008;NationalCouncil forAccreditationof Teacher Educators [NCATE], 2007; NationalMiddle School Association [NMSA], 2008). This study examines factors related to teacher quality inputs (i.e., coursework, grade point average, and teacher test scores). Specifically, the focus is on teacher knowledge related to eighth grade science in Texas, which uses an interdisciplinary science curriculum consisting of topics in life science, chemistry, physics, and Earth science (Texas Education Agency, 2005). To provide a context for viewing the
Combining large number of weak biomarkers based on AUC

Combining multiple biomarkers to improve diagnosis and/or prognosis accuracy is a common practice in clinical medicine. Both parametric and non-parametric methods have been developed for finding the optimal linear combination of biomarkers to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), primarily focusing on the setting with a small number of well-defined biomarkers. This problem becomes more challenging when the number of observations is not order of magnitude greater than the number of variables, especially when the involved biomarkers are relatively weak. Such settings are not uncommon in certain applied fields. The first aim of this paper is to empirically evaluate the performance of existing linear combination methods under such settings. The second aim is to propose a new combination method, namely, the pairwise approach, to maximize AUC. Our simulation studies demonstrated that the performance of several existing methods can become unsatisfactory as the number of markers becomes large, while the newly proposed pairwise method performs reasonably well. Furthermore, we apply all the combination methods to real datasets used for the development and validation of MammaPrint. The implication of our study for the design of optimal linear combination methods is discussed.
Real options as a tool to hedge technological convergence risks in the american ethanol industry: a preliminary investigation

Real options, which derivate from the concept of financial options, is an emerging technique to evaluate investment under uncertainty. Given that financial options are applied to financial assets risk management, it is reasonable to assume that real options could be a useful tool to manage operational risks. However, real options approach is mostly applied to evaluate investment. The majority of Ethanol producers in the United States produce such product based on corn. Nevertheless, other competing technologies are available such as sugar-cane and cellulosic. Thus, there is a technological convergence risk is this industry. This paper main goal is to provide an initial introduction of real options as a tool to manage technological convergence risk. The American ethanol industry is the baseline case to develop such hypothesis.
Further evidence suggesting a role for variation in ARHGAP29 variants in nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect of complex etiology. Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of NSCL/P, although only a few have been replicated across datasets. ARHGAP29 was suggested as a candidate gene for NSCL/P as it is located in close proximity to ABCA4 (1p22), a gene previously identified in a GWAS of NSCL/P. Rare, potentially damaging, coding variants in ARHGAP29 were found in NSCL/P cases, and its expression was detected during murine craniofacial development. In this study, we investigated whether variations in ARHGAP29 were associated with NSCL/P in our family based dataset. Five SNPs flanking and within ARHGAP29 were genotyped in our NSCL/P datasets consisting of simplex and multiplex families of non Hispanic white (NHW, primarily European) and Hispanic ethnicities. Results showed strong association of three ARHGAP29 SNPs with NSCL/P in the NHW families. Two intronic SNPs (rs1541098 and rs3789688) showed strong association with NSCL/P in all NHW families (P=0.0005 and P=0.0002, respectively), and simplex NHW families (P=0.003 for both SNPs). A SNP in the 3’ UTR (rs1576593) also showed strong association with NSCL/P in all NHW families (P=0.002), and the multiplex subset (P=0.002). ARHGAP29 SNP haplotypes were also associated with NSCL/P. Evidence of gene-gene interaction was found between ARHGAP29 and additional cleft susceptibility genes. This study further supports ARHGAP29 as a candidate gene for human NSCL/P in families of Caucasian descent.
Formalism for Comparing Rain Estimation Designs

Abstract Space-time averages of rain rates are needed in several applications. Nevertheless, they are difficult to estimate because the methods invariably leave gaps in the measurements in space or time. A formalism is developed which makes use of the frequency-wavenumber spectrum of the rain field. The mean square error of the estimate is expressed as an integral over frequency and two-dimensional wavenumber of an integrand consisting of two factors, a design-dependent-filter multiplied by the space-time spectrum of the rain rate field. Such a formalism helps to separate the design issues from the peculiarities of rain rate random fields. Two cases are worked out in detail: a low orbiting satellite which takes cell-wide snapshots at discrete intervals and a network of raingages which are gappy in space but continuous in time.
Susceptibility of B-cell lymphoma to human antibodies encoded by the V4-34 gene

Our previous studies have shown that mAbs derived from the human V4-34 gene bind and kill human B-lymphocytes via membrane disruption. This study demonstrates the cytotoxicity of two V4-34 encoded mAbs, 216 and Z2D2, towards human B-cell lymphoma. In vitro, 216 and Z2D2 are cytotoxic to a variety of B-cell lymphomas obtained from patient biopsies. In vivo, increased survival was observed with both mAbs in a lymphoma model developed in scid mice with human B-cell line Nalm-6. Studies in mice show that these mAbs are well tolerated with minimum side effects. Since 216 and Z2D2 show increased toxicity towards cycling cells, V4-34 mAb-based therapy can be additive with drugs that block cell-cycle progression. Stem cells that are V4-34 mAb ligand negative would not be depleted. Together, these studies recommend an evaluation of the two completely human mAbs in a phase I trial for B-cell lymphoma.
Spontaneous CP Nonconservation in Theories with More Than Four Quarks

It is shown that the requirements of spontaneous CP breaking and natural flavor conservation lead to a class of theories where CP nonconservation is due solely to Higgs exchange, for an arbitrary number of fermion generations.
Microdischarge-Based Sensors and Actuators for Portable Microsystems: Selected Examples

This paper describes the use of microdischarges as transducing elements in sensors and actuators. Chemical sensing of gases and liquids, pressure sensing in harsh environments, on-chip pressure regulation, and radiation detection methods are described. The devices targeted for these applications are presented from the perspective of the ease of integration into portable microsystems, with emphasis on compactness, power consumption, and the ability to operate over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Performance results and other important integration considerations, such as manufacturing approaches and device packaging methods, are described for selected examples.
Galactolipid formation in chloroplast envelopes II. isolation-induced changes in galactolipid composition of envelopes

Abstract Spinach envelopes were isolated at pH 8.5, which is inhibitory to interlipid galactosyl transfer, and at pH 7.2, which is close to values used in most recent work on chloroplast envelopes. Peptide patterns were identical, but galactolipid compositions differed markedly. These changes are such as could be explained by interlipid galactosyl transfer during isolation at pH 7.2 i.e. a strong decrease in monogalactolipid and a corresponding increase in tri- and tetragalactolipids and diacylglycerol. Digalactolipid was little affected. It was further observed that the interlipid galactosyl transfer was restricted to lipids rich in hexadeca-trienoic acid. Arguments are presented that the lipid composition of envelopes in vivo is better represented by the results obtained at high pH. The results will be discussed in relation to previous data on galactolipid composition and biosynthesis in envelopes.
Concomitant sensitization of amphetamine-induced behavioral stimulation and in vivo dopamine release from rat caudate nucleus.

Abstract Rats were treated twice daily either with saline or d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg)for 5 days. When challenged approximately 15 days later with an injection of 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine, the chronic amphetamine animals showed (1) an augmented release of dopamine in the caudate nucleus in vivo and (2) an increase in stereotyped behavior compared to the chronic saline animals. These results suggest that an increase in dopamine release from the caudate may contribute to amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization.