cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of biologically plausible neural networks performing a visually guided reaching task

An evolutionary strategy (ES) algorithm was utilized to evolve a simulated neural network based on the known anatomy of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), to perform a visually guided reaching task. In this task, a target remained visible for the duration of a trial, and an agent's goal was to move its hand to the target as rapidly as possible and remain for the duration of that trial. The ES was used to tune the strength of 15609 connections between neural areas and 4 parameters governing the neural dynamics. The model had sensory latencies replicating those found in recording studies with monkeys. The ES ran 100 times and generated very diverse networks that could all perform the task well. The evolved networks 1) showed velocity profiles consistent with biological movements, and 2) found solutions that reflect short-range excitation and long-range, contralateral inhibition similar to neurobiological networks. These results provide theoretical evidence for the important parameters and projections governing sensorimotor transformations in neural systems.
L1CAM stimulates glioma cell motility and proliferation through the fibroblast growth factor receptor

The L1CAM cell adhesion/recognition molecule (L1, CD171) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) both are expressed by human high-grade glioma cells, but their potential actions in controlling cell behavior have not been linked. L1 actions in cancer cells have been attributed mainly to integrin receptors, and we demonstrated previously that L1-stimulated glioma cell migration correlates with integrin expression, increased focal adhesion kinase activation and focal complex turnover. Our analyses of datasets revealed FGFR is overexpressed in glioma regardless of grade, while ADAM10 metalloprotease expression increases with glioma grade. Here, we used dominant-negative and short hairpin RNA approaches to inhibit the activation of FGFR1 and expression of L1, respectively. An L1 peptide that inhibits L1-FGFR interaction and PD173074, a chemical inhibitor of FGFR1 activity, also were used to elucidate the involvement of L1-FGFR interactions on glioma cell behavior. Time-lapse cell motility studies and flow cytometry cell cycle analyses showed that L1 operates to increase glioma cell motility and proliferation through FGFR activation. Shutdown of both L1 expression and FGFR activity in glioma cells resulted in a complete termination of cell migration in vitro. These studies show for the first time that soluble L1 ectodomain (L1LE) acts on glioma cells through FGFRs, and that FGFRs are used by glioma cells for increasing motility as well as proliferation in response to activation by L1LE ligand. Thus, effective treatment of high-grade glioma may require simultaneous targeting of L1, FGFRs, and integrin receptors, which would reduce glioma cell motility as well as proliferation.
Neuronal Specification of Cutaneous Nerves through Connections with Skin Grafts in the Frog

Skin grafts were rotated 180 degrees in frog tadpoles. After metamorphosis, cutaneous reflexes were tested, and the receptive fields of cutaneous nerves were mapped electrophysiologically. Accurately localized limb movements were elicited by mechanical stimulation of normal skin, or of dorsal skin reimplanted on the back after 180-degree rotation. Reflexes misdirected to the original site of the stimulated skin were elicited from dorsoventrally inverted grafts, but not from anteroposteriorly inverted grafts. In most cases, the local nerves supplied the grafts, and each nerve entered the skin within its own receptive field. This observation eliminated the possibility that misdirected reflexes were due to selective regrowth of cutaneous nerves. We concluded that cutaneous nerves formed central synaptic associations which were specified by their new terminal connections with grafted skin.
The value of virtual pooling in dual sales channel supply chains

Abstract Recently the most significant growth in online retailing has been attributed to traditional offline retailers extending their brands online. Unfortunately, there is little research addressing the value of better information in retail/e-tail organizations. To fill this gap, this paper examines how investing in the continuous monitoring of online demands and inventory positions can provide economic benefit for companies that handle both in-store and online sales. Specifically, we develop and evaluate two dynamic assignment policies that incorporate real time information to specify which of a firm’s e-fulfillment locations will handle each of its Internet sales. Computational results indicate that investing in dynamic assignment capability can reduce system cost (holding, backorder, and transportation) by as much as 8.2% over the optimal static policy. The percentage of sales occurring online plays a critical role in determining the magnitude of the benefit.
The event-related optical signal to electrical stimulation of the median nerve

The event-related optical signal (EROS) uses near-infrared light to study changes in neuronal optical properties in response to stimuli and endogenous events. EROS responses to electrical stimulation of the median nerve at 1, 5, and 8 Hz were collected from 80 channels in 7 subjects. Optical recording channels were spatially aligned by co-registering the digitized fiber locations with structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) for each subject separately. The co-registered data sets were then transformed into Talairach space to permit alignment across subjects. After alignment, data from channels underlying pixels of a surface projection were combined to produce maps of Z statistics. Waveforms associated with voxels within an a priori region of interest (ROI) over the hand area of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex were compared across the three stimulus frequencies. Reliable early increases in light propagation time (i.e., increased phase delay) were found in SI as early as 16-32 ms of poststimulus for all three frequency conditions, and both an increase in phase delay and a decrease in signal intensity were observed over SI at longer latencies. A split-half analysis of the 8 Hz condition demonstrated the replicability of the response. This represents the first direct comparison of intensity and delay measures of these components of the somatosensory response; further, it shows that these early cortical components are replicable across subjects and correspond well to individual subjects' anatomical landmarks for SI.
Special function solutions of a spectral problem for a nonlinear quantum oscillator

We construct exact solutions of a spectral problem involving the Schrodinger equation for a nonlinear, one-parameter oscillator potential. In contrast to a previous analysis of the problem (Carinena et al 2007 Ann. Phys. 322 434–59), where solutions were given through a Rodrigues-type formula, our approach leads to closed-form representations of the solutions in terms of special functions, not containing any derivative operators. We show normalizability and orthogonality of our solutions, as well as correct reduction of the problem to the harmonic oscillator model, if the parameter in the potential gets close to zero.
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy with Extracorporeal Gastric Conduit Creation—How I Do It

Esophagectomy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In an attempt to improve these results, many groups have started applying minimally invasive techniques to esophagectomy for benign and malignant disease. A variety of minimally invasive approaches have been developed. At the Thomas Jefferson University, we have offered minimally invasive three-hole esophagectomy with extracorporeal gastric conduit creation since 2008. Herein we report our technique for the abdominal and cervical components of the procedure and briefly discuss the current literature and our short-term perioperative outcomes.
Syphilis in drug users in low and middle income countries

Background Genital ulcer disease (GUD), including syphilis, is an important cause of morbidity in low and middle income (LMI) countries and syphilis transmission is associated with HIV transmission.
Substituted N-Phenylisothioureas: Potent Inhibitors of Human Nitric Oxide Synthase with Neuronal Isoform Selectivity

S-Ethyl N-phenylisothiourea (4) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of both the human constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. A series of substituted N-phenylisothiourea analogues was synthesized to investigate the structure-activity relationship of this class of inhibitor. Each analogue was evaluated for human isoform selectivity. One analogue, S-ethyl N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isothiourea (39), exhibited 115-fold and 29-fold selectivity for the neuronal isoform versus the inducible and endothelial derived constitutive isoforms, respectively. Studies have shown the substituted N-phenylisothiourea 39 binds competitively with L-arginine.
The C-S lyases of higher plants. Purification and characterization of homogeneous alliin lyase of leek (Allium porrum)

The characteristic odors of freshly macerated tissue of Allium species such as garlic and onion are due to the action of the enzyme alliin lyase (EC 4.4.1.4) on endogenous S-alkyl-I-cysteine sulfoxides which are present as secondary amino acids yielding volatile sulfur-containing products. Purification and characterization of the alliin lyase of leek (Allium porrum L.) has been carried out for comparison with the analogous enzymes previously characterized from garlic and onion. The purification involved homogenization, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation, elution from an hydroxylapatite column, concentration of the active fractions and passage through a concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity column. The purified enzyme was found to be a glycoprotein with a pH optimum for activity of 8.0. Sodium dodecylsulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels of the homogeneous leek enzyme showed it consisted of 1 subunit with a molecular weight of 48000. By gel filtration, 2 stable forms of the native enzyme with molecular weights of 386000 and 580000 were found.
Effect of click duration on vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.

Conclusions The 0.5-VEMP demonstrated a more prominent waveform morphology than either the 0.1- or 0.2-VEMPs. In addition, the 0.5-VEMP had smaller interaural latency differences than the 1.0-VEMP. These findings suggest that 0.5 ms is superior to other click durations in terms of yielding VEMP responses for clinical use. Objective In order to establish the ideal stimulus condition for vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), we studied the use of various click durations to generate different response patterns in normal subjects. The influence of click durations on VEMPs is described and the optimal stimulation duration for clinical use is suggested. Material and methods This was a prospective study. Eighteen healthy volunteers (36 ears) underwent VEMP tests. Four click durations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ms) were used in a random order to elicit VEMP responses (0.1-, 0.2-, 0.5- and 1.0-VEMP, respectively). The latency of each peak (p13, n23), the peak-to-peak interval and amplitude (p13-n23) and the r...
A simple method for correcting spatially resolved solar intensity oscillation observations for variations in scattered light

A measurement of the intensity distribution in an image of the solar disk will be corrupted by a spatial redistribution of the light that is caused by the Earth's atmosphere and the observing instrument. If the precise form of the spatial point spread function is known and can be modeled, then the observed image can be corrected for its effects. However, accurate modeling of the spatial point spread function, which can be considered as composed of a ‘blurring’ component and a ‘scattering’ component (Zwaan, 1965), is difficult and the correction for its effects is computationally expensive.
Spatial heterogeneity and interspecific competition

A model of two competing species is presented in which each species is able to disperse over a single spatial axis. The spatial axis is composed of two intervals with different carrying capacities. We ask the question: If species one is alone and at population dynamic equilibrium, then when can species two successfully invade when rare? We say that an interval is “suitable” if the interval can be invaded by species two in the absence of dispersal by both species, and we say an interval is “unsuitable” if the interval cannot be invaded by species two in the absence of dispersal by both species. We offer three findings: (I) If one interval is suitable and the other is unsuitable, then the success of invasion depends upon the length of the suitable interval. Invasion succeeds if the suitable interval is larger than a threshold minimum and fails otherwise. (II) It is possible for species two to invade even though both intervals are unsuitable. (III) It is possible for species two to fail to invade even though both intervals are suitable.
Relative growth responses of previously depleted male and female rats to vit. A supplementation.

SummaryMale rats which have been depleted of their body reserve of vit. A grow more during a 28-day test period than do corresponding female rats when a daily dosage of 2.0 U.S.P. units or more of the vitamin is fed as the supplement. This increased growth is not directly related to the body weight of the test animal at the beginning of the supplementary feeding period. While it appears that the greater growth capacity is an inherent characteristic of the male rat which is present at the beginning of the test period, it is not clear as to why this characteristic does not manifest itself at all levels of vit. A intake.
Instability and breakdown of internal gravity waves. I. Linear stability analysis

We have performed three‐dimensional linear stability analysis, based on Floquet theory, to study the stability of finite amplitude internal gravity waves. This analysis has been used to compute instability growth rates over a range of wave amplitudes and propagation angles, especially waves above and below overturning amplitude, and identifies several new characteristics of wave instability. Computation of instability eigenfunctions has allowed us to analyze the energetics of the instability and to clarify the paths of energy transfer from the base wave to the instability. We find that the presence of wave overturning has no qualitative effect on the wave instability, except for the limiting case when the wavenumber vector is vertical. Instabilities which are nearly two‐dimensional are closely related to second‐order wave–wave interactions. But the three‐dimensional instabilities, more prominent at higher wave amplitudes, may be caused by higher order resonance interactions. The energetics of the instabilities range from being shear driven to being driven by ‘‘density gradient’’ production (the potential energy analog of ‘‘shear’’ production); this characteristic is strongly dependent on wave propagation angle and the three‐dimensionality of the instability.
Response of grape cultivars to nitrogen and phosphorus grown with water harvesting.

Abstract Two fertilizer studies were conducted on mature vineyards established with a water harvesting system on a White House sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic, Ustollic Haplargid) soil at the University of Arizona Oracle Agricultural Center. In one study, two grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Sauvignon blanc’, were treated with different levels of 15N and P fertilizer and tested for tissue NO3‐N and total‐P content. In second study, eleven grape varieties were treated with three levels of N. Tissue samples were analysed for total P and NO3‐N content, and the ratio of petiole‐P to leaf blade‐P was determined. When sufficient quantities of both nutrients were provided, N and P interacted positively resulting in increased grape yields. The petiole‐P to leaf blade‐P ratio correctly monitored the P status of the vines.
The Significance of Cloud–Radiative Forcing to the General Circulation on Climate Time Scales—A Satellite Interpretation

This paper focuses on the role of cloud- and surface-atmosphere forcing on the net radiation balance and their potential impact on the general circulation at climate time scales. The globally averaged cloud-forcing estimates and cloud sensitivity values taken from various recent studies are summarized. It is shown that the net radiative heating over the tropics is principally due to high clouds, while the net cooling in mid- and high latitudes is dominated by low and middle clouds.
Paper Trails of Traveling Plays: Yorùbá Traveling Theater and the Advent of the Photoplay

In the late 1960s, stories and pictures of the dashing, black private detective Lance Spearman crisscrossed the African continent on the action-packed pages of African Film, a South African “look-r...
A Bacteriologic Study of Scabby-Hip Lesions from Broiler Chickens in Texas

Broilers from commercial flocks experiencing a 10–60% incidence of scabby-hip lesions at processing were examined, and selected skin lesions were cultured. Over 70% of the lesions were associated w...
On carcinoma growth and vascular supply: a study of mouse mammary tumor strain MTG-B.

SummaryThe vascular supply of the grossly viable portions of grafts of the MTG-B mouse mammary carcinoma was measured with 59Fe-labeled red cells. The relative vascular space was constant, estimated as 1.5 X 10-2 μl/mg in tumors yielding 50 to 1900 mg of “cleaned” tissue from which necrotic, cystic, or hemorrhagic areas had been removed. We have previously reported that the potential growth rate in the grossly viable portions of MTG-B tumors is also constant from the time tumors are small until near death of the host animals. It is postulated that an equilibrium between the viable portions of such tumors and their vascular supply is established when tumors are small. This equilibrium persists well into the period when tumors are large; and necrosis, hemorrhage, and cysts are common. It is thus further suggested that such degenerative changes become marked when the absolute number of new tumor cells born exceeds the capacity for new vascular tissue formation. However, the functional vascular supply of the ...
The 2003 OCLC Environmental Scan: Pattern Recognition: A Report to the OCLC Membership

Teresa Malinowski reviews The 2003 Environmental Scan: Pattern Recognition: A Report to the OCLC Membership.
DNA Topoisomerases as Anticancer Drug Targets: From the Laboratory to the Clinic

DNA topoisomerases play important roles in basic cellular biology. Recently they have been identified as the molecular targets of a variety of pharmaceutical agents. Some of the drugs that target the topoisomerases are anticancer drugs. These anticancer drugs work by a novel mechanism of action. They inhibit the topoisomerase molecule from religating DNA strands after cleavage. This leaves a cell with DNA breaks, which if not repaired, become lethal. In other words, these drugs convert the topoisomerase molecule into a DNA damaging agent. This is a stoichiometric relationship. Each anticancer drug molecule has the potential of interacting with one topoisomerase molecule to cause one DNA lesion. The clinical implication of this mechanism of drug action is that sensitivity to topoisomerase targeting drugs should be dependent on high topoisomerase levels. This is clearly true in laboratory systems. With new developments in in situ immunohistochemistry, topoisomerase expression can now be easily estimated in human cancers. From this information, it may be possible to predict the sensitivity or resistance of human cancers to topoisomerase targeting anticancer drugs.
Relationships of Histones to RNA Synthesis in Plant Tissues

The RNA-synthesizing activity of the tissue, template activity of the chromatin, histones and other parameters were analyzed for young leaves, senescent leaves and the pith tissue of tobacco. The amount, of RNA, DNA and the extent of incorporation of 32P into RNA was much lower in old leaves and the pith tissue than in young leaves. Furthermore, the 32P sucrose density gradient patterns of RNA from the three tissues were very different. In old leaves, the label was found mostly in low molecular weight RNA region, presumably as a result of degradation of RNA by soluble and chromatin-associated ribonucleases which were higher in old leaves. — In addition to significant differences in the composition of chromatin, large differences in the ratios of FI : FII : FIII : : histone fractions from the three tissues were noted and the fully differentiated old leaves and the pith tissue had proportionately more FIIand FIII histones than the less differentiated young leaves. The FIII histone of tobacco differed from that of pea and calf thymus in having lys/arg = 1.2. — Although some correlation between RNA-synthesizing activity of the tissue, template activity of chromatin and the histone composition was noted for the pith tissue and the young leaves, the situation with old leaves was more complicated, probably due to the occurrence of chromatin-associated deoxyribonuclease and involvement of other factors which may also effect RNA synthesis.
Death in the Dining Room and Other Tales of Victorian Culture

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. First Impressions 2. Death in the Dining Room 3. Words to Live By 4. When the Music Stops 5. Posture and Power Conclusion Notes Index
986 USE OF TOLAZOLINE IN INFANTS WITH SEVERE HYPOXEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY DISEASE

Following our initial report regarding the use of tolazoline in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension, we have reviewed our subsequent experience with this drug in patients with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) who had severe hypoxemia unresponsive to usual therapy. From 10/74-10/77 we infused tolazoline to infants on assisted ventilation when their PaO2 fell below 50 torr while in an FiO2 of 1.0 and requiring peak inspiratory pressures of > 40 cm H2O. A bolus of 1-2 mg/kg was given via scalp vein, followed by 1-2 mg/kg/hr to a maximum of 10 mg/kg/hr. Five of 15 patients with HMD who met this criteria survived, with only one survivor weighing < 1500 gm. Overall survival in infants with HMD was 71%. Seven of 15 infants with MAS survived compared to an overall survival of 82% with MAS. Following tolazoline the initial increase in PaO2 was greater in surviving infants of both groups, but hypotension developed more commonly in infants with HMD. Poor prognostic signs following colazoline include: poor response of PaO2, development of hypotension and requirements for concentrations of tolazoline greater than 2 mg/kg/hr.
From green to brown: is brownfields use risk taking?

Brownfields are commonly pictured as the hottest real estate property in the USA. Will the European market follow suit? Brownfields are properties long considered lost to re‐utilization due to their polluted condition. Federal and state governments in the USA provide incentives to foster redevelopment. But the risks involved still keep potentially interested parties clamoring for more legal protection. It may validly be asked whether recovery schemes may pose subsequent health or other problems. Communities involved may react quite differently; the attitude may be one of apathy, distrust or opposition, or, in sophisticated milieus, of realism. Much will depend on “education” and communication.
Four-dimensional analysis of the inversion of a half-graben to form the Whittier fold–fault system of the Los Angeles basin

Abstract Analysis of structural and stratigraphic data from hundreds of oil wells, surface geologic maps and earthquake focal mechanisms reveals a three-phase structural evolution of the Whittier fold–fault system. That evolution progressed from an extensional phase (16 Ma), accommodated by the formation of a half-graben, through an episode of graben filling (14–8 Ma) to lithospheric shortening, which began (ca. 8 Ma) with contractional reactivation of the graben-forming fault as a blind reverse fault and accompanying anticlinal uplift. About 1 Ma, the blind reverse fault broke through onto the sea floor, initiating the activity of the present Whittier fault system. Horizontal contraction estimated from reconstructed cross-sections ranges from 1.4 to 3.2 km and has been at an average rate of 0.3 mm/year in the P direction (N–S) of the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake for the past ca. 8 My. That rate may have accelerated after breakthrough of the blind reverse fault to as much as 1.0 mm/year. The ratio of strike-slip to dip-slip displacement on the Whittier fault over the past ca. 8 My is about 0.4.
Advanced Water Purification System for In Situ Resource Utilization

One of NASA's goals is to enable longterm human presence in space, without the need for continuous replenishment of consumables from Earth. In situ resource utilization (ISRU) is the use of extraterrestrial resources to support activities such as human life-support, material fabrication and repair, and radiation shielding. Potential sources of ISRU resources include lunar and Martian regolith, and Martian atmosphere. Water and byproducts (including hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids) can be produced from lunar regolith via a high-temperature hydrogen reduction reaction and passing the produced gas through a condenser. center dot Due to the high solubility of HCI and HF in water, these byproducts are expected to be present in the product stream (up to 20,000 ppm) and must be removed (less than 10 ppm) prior to water consumption or electrolysis.
Age, lifestyle, health risk indicators, and prostate-specific antigen scores in men participating in the world senior games

Background: A number of risk factors have been implicated for prostate cancer, with dietary fat intake the most commonly accepted modifiable risk. Objective: To assess the relationship between health risk indicators (e.g., cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar, and percent body fat), which are related to dietary fat intake, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) scores. Relationships between demographics and select behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking and physical activity) with PSA scores are also considered. The setting was the 1999 Huntsman World Senior Games in St. George, Utah. Subjects’ analysis is based on 536 men aged 50 years and older completing a questionnaire and receiving free screening, including a PSA. Methods: Frequency distributions, multiple regression techniques, and the Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: A positive relationship was observed between increasing age groups and mean PSA scores (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square: 53.8, p � 0.0001). After adjusting for age, none of the personal risk factor indicators (i.e., cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar, and percent body fat) were related to PSA scores. Other factors not related to PSA scores after adjusting for age were race, marital status, education, history of chronic disease, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity. Conclusion: Because risk indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, blood sugar, and percent body fat are associated with dietary fat intake, their failure to be related with PSA scores makes it further unclear how this commonly accepted modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer may influence the disease. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Differences in Vascular Nitric Oxide and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Bioavailability in Blacks and Whites

Objective— Abnormalities in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been reported in blacks. Whether there are differences in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in addition to NO between blacks and whites and how these affect physiological vasodilation remain unknown. We hypothesized that the bioavailability of vascular NO and EDHF, at rest and with pharmacological and physiological vasodilation, varies between whites and blacks. Approach and Results— In 74 white and 86 black subjects without known cardiovascular disease risk factors, forearm blood flow was measured using plethysmography at rest and during inhibition of NO with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine and of K+Ca channels (EDHF) with tetraethylammonium. The reduction in resting forearm blood flow was greater with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine ( P =0.019) and similar with tetraethylammonium in whites compared with blacks. Vasodilation with bradykinin, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside was lower in blacks compared with whites (all P <0.0001). Inhibition with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine was greater in whites compared with blacks with bradykinin, acetylcholine, and exercise. Inhibition with tetraethylammonium was lower in blacks with bradykinin, but greater during exercise and with acetylcholine. Conclusions— The contribution to both resting and stimulus-mediated vasodilator tone of NO is greater in whites compared with blacks. EDHF partly compensates for the reduced NO release in exercise and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in blacks. Preserved EDHF but reduced NO bioavailability and sensitivity characterizes the vasculature in healthy blacks. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT00166166][1]. # Significance {#article-title-47} [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00166166&atom=%2Fatvbaha%2F34%2F6%2F1320.atom
Effects of neutron irradiation on the stress-rupture properties of high-temperature precipitation hardening alloys

Abstract Studies to determine the threshold neutron dosage in which observable changes in the stress-rupture properties of an iron base (A-286) and a nickel base (Rene 41) precipitation hardening alloy may be detected are described. Specimens were irradiated at a temperature of approximately 650° C to fast (En⩾ 1 MeV) and thermal neutron dosages as low as 8.3 × 1014 and 4.4 × 1015 nvt, respectively. Post irradiation stress-rupture tests were conducted at 650° C. The results indicate that there are observable changes in the stress-rupture properties of these alloys even at the relatively low neutron exposure. The rupture ductilities, especially, were significantly reduced as a result of the irradiations. A preliminary model explaining the observed effects of the neutron irradiation on the elevated temperature embrittlement is presented. This model is based on the concentration of boron in the grain boundaries and the changes in the substructure of the grain boundary region as a result of the 10B (n, α) 7Li thermal neutron reactions.
Determination of Degradation Products in Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Injection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method for the determination of impurities and degradation products in nalbuphine hydrochloride injection by gradient elution high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is reported. Reversed phase gradient elution chromatography was carried out using a mobile phase containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. Validation data for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, detection limit, and quantitation limit are presented. The chromatographic system resolves nalbuphine from related substances with corrections made for differences in detector response at the specified wavelength.
Long-term outcome following breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy.

Abstract Purpose: To examine the long-term pattern and frequency of recurrences after breast-conserving therapy and whether the outcome was influenced by the era of treatment. Methods and materials: From 1968 to 1986, 1870 patients with unilateral Stage I or II breast cancer were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Of these, 1628 underwent goes tumor excision and received a dose >60 Gy to the tumor bed and constituted the study population. Patients were classified as without evidence of disease, dead from other causes (DOC), or by first site of recurrence. First sites of recurrent disease were categorized as distant/regional (DF/RNF or local (LR). Local recurrence was defined as the detection of any invasive site or in situ carcinoma occurring in the ipsilateral breast and was further categorized as: true recurrence (TR), marginal miss (MM), skin recurrence (S), or elsewhere in the breast cancer, (E). Median follow-up in survivors was 116 months. Eighty patients (4.9%) were lost to follow-up at 3–175 months. The population was divided into two time colors: 1968–1982 (1 = 810), with a median follow-up of 143 months, and 1983–1986 ( n -792), with a median follow-up time of 95 months. Result: The overall crude rates of ipsilateral breast recurrence were 7.4 and 13.3% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Crude rates at 5 and 10 yeare were 5.7 and 9.3% for TR/MM and were 0.9 and 2.8% for E reccurences, respectively. The annual incidence rates for all LR ranged from 0.5 – 2.4% and was relatively constant after the first year. The annual incidence rates for TR/MM ranged from 0.4 to 1.9%, whereas for E recurrences the range was 0.1 – 0.7%. The crude rates of DF/RNF were 16.6 and 23.1 at 5 and 10 years respectively. The annual incidence rates for DF/RNF ranes from 1–5% over all years. Although the positive and node-negative patients. For the 1968–1982 and 1983–1986 cohorts, the 5-year crude rates of ipsilateral breast recurrence were 8.8 and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Distant and regional nodal failures were the predominant form of recurrence. The annual incidence rate of LR was relatively constant over the first decade. True recurrence/marginal miss was the most frequent type of ipsilateral breast recurrence and was highest during years 2 through 7. The risk of a recurrence elsewhere in the breast increased with longer follow-up and was highest during years 8 through 10. The 5-year crude rate of ipsilateral breast recurrence appeared lower in the 1983–1986 patient cohort compared to the 1968–1982 patient cohort (8.8% vs. 5.9%), but the distributions of site of first failure did not differ significantly ( p = 0.13).. Any decrease in ipsilateral breast recurrence likely reflects improvements in mammographic and pathologic evaluation, patient selection, and the increased use of reexcision.
Spectral densities of the symmetric Anderson model.

The spectral density of the single-impurity Anderson model is calculated by a combination of quantum Monte Carlo method to provide data on the Matsubara Green's function, the maximum-entropy method of image reconstruction to invert numerically the spectral representation, and perturbation theory to provide informative default models. The Kondo central peak of the spectral density is shown to be a universal function of \ensuremath{\omega}/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ and T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ at low frequencies, where ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ is the Kondo temperature. The higher-frequency side peaks are nonuniversal. With decreasing T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ the Kondo peak grows as the screened local moment disappears.
Increased tumor cell reactivity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity with mixtures of monoclonal antibodies against different gangliosides

Melanomas and other cancers of neuroectodermal origin express multiple cell-surface gangliosides in patterns that vary significantly even within the same tumor type. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against four of these gangliosides (GM2, GD2, 9-O-acetyl-GD3 and GD3) were tested alone and in combination on 14 tumor cell lines (7 melanomas, 3 neuroblastomas, 3 sarcomas and 1 astrocytoma) using flow cytometry and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays. Increased tumor cell recognition and CDC resulting from the combination of three or four mAb were found in 14/14 tested cell lines, and this was most striking when each mAb was used at suboptimal concentration. At these concentrations, the average mean fluorescence intensity of the 14 cell lines with individual mAb was between 3.0 and 6.8 and increased to 10.8 and 18.8 with the three- and four-mAb mixtures. The average percentage CDC-specific release with individual mAb was 2.0%–8.3%, and 12.3% and 16.6% with the three- and four-mAb combinations. The number of cell lines showing significant mean fluorescence intensity and CDC increased from 2–8/14 with single mAb to 13–14/14 with the mixtures of three or four mAb. Our experimental results support the rationale for active immunization with a polyvalent ganglioside vaccine or passive therapy with a combination of mAb to different gangliosides in patients with tumors of neuroectodermal origin. In addition, our studies have demonstrated that 9-O-acetyl-GD3 is a surprisingly effective target for immune attack, although it is a minor constituent of these cells.
Purification of Commercial 2,3-Dimethyl Phenol Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

The commercial value of phenols is often reduced due to the presence of colored impurities. Several conventional techniques have been used for the purification of phenols. However, conventional purification techniques are tedious and make use of hazardous and expensive organic solvents. In this study, we present a new method for purification of an aged-discolored (orange) commercial 2,3-dimethyl phenol (2,3-DMP) reagent (∼97%) using supercritical fluid CO2 (SCF CO2), as an extraction solvent. A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)/purification apparatus was constructed and purification of the reagent under different extraction conditions was investigated. Based on the differential solubility of the 2,3-DMP and the impurities in SCF CO2, the commercial reagent was successfully purified by SFE; the purified 2,3-DMP was a white solid of high purity (>99.5%). The SFE method was also applied to purify a recently purchased batch of 2,3-DMP reagent. We found that the reagent purified by SFE was of a higher quali...
The associations between psychosocial stress and the frequency of illness, and innate and adaptive immune function in children.

Objective Family processes have a substantial impact on children’s social and emotional well-being, but little is known about the effects of family stress on children’s physical health. To begin to identify potential links between family stress and health in children, we examined associations between specific aspects of family psychosocial stress and the frequency of illnesses in children, measures of innate and adaptive immune function, and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation.
Stokes to head key House subcommittee

In an action that is almost certain to have consequences for the National Science Foundation and NASA, Louis Stokes (D-Ohio) has been named chairman of the House Appropriations Veterans Administration, Housing and Urban Development, Independent Agencies Subcommittee. Stokes replaces Bob Traxler (D-Mich.), who retired this year. It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance that this subcommittee and its counterpart in the Senate, headed by Barbara Mikulski (D-Md.), have in controlling NSF and NASA. These subcommittees not only determine the agencies' budgets, but, in many cases, their direction.
Progesterone receptors: Saturation analysis by a solid phase hydroxylapatite adsorption technique

An assay for cytoplasmic progesterone receptor is described in which receptor is bound to hydroxylapatite and is washed before saturation analysis. Using 3H-progesterone as ligand, the assay yields lower, more reproducible nonspecific binding than is obtained with dextran-coated charcoal techniques and may provide a clinically useful method of measuring progesterone receptor in breast carcinoma. Nuclear progesterone receptors can also be determined by the same technique.
Direct dependence studies in rats with agents selective for different types of opioid receptor.

The objective of this study was to describe, quantitate and compare naloxone-induced abstinence syndromes in rats infused centrally (Sylvian aqueduct) with agonists that are currently the most selective for mu [( D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin), delta [( D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin) and kappa (3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide) (U-50,488H) opioid receptors, respectively. Morphine, ethylketazocine and dynorphin A served as reference compounds. After 70 hr of infusion from s.c. implanted osmotic minipumps, three levels of abstinence were associated with the injection of naloxone (3 mg/kg s.c.): 1) negligible syndromes (scores of less than 21) were obtained in rats on water or the kappa-directed ligands, U-50,488H and dynorphin A; 2) a low-to-moderate abstinence score (37-38) was recorded with rats receiving [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and ethylketazocine; and 3) a high abstinence score (64-73) was obtained with rats on morphine and DAGO. These results reinforce the concept of developing selective, nonbenzomorphan kappa agonists as clinically useful analgesics and emphasize that, when evaluating new analgesics, high selectivity for delta receptors does not, in itself, guarantee freedom from physical dependence.
Reflections on the Sociology of Security and Surveillance in the Study of Immigration

In the last decade, sociologists have begun to address major issues associated with the rise of security and surveillance. My work suggests the ways in which a sociology of surveillance can contribute to the study of immigration and how, in turn, work on immigration can contribute to this new and growing field.
Quantifying Palpation Techniques in Relation to Performance in a Clinical Prostate Exam

This paper seeks to quantify finger palpation techniques in the prostate clinical exam, determine their relationship with performance in detecting abnormalities, and differentiate the tendencies of nurse practitioner students and resident physicians. One issue with the digital rectal examination (DRE) is that performance in detecting abnormalities varies greatly and agreement between examiners is low. The utilization of particular palpation techniques may be one way to improve clinician ability. Based on past qualitative instruction, this paper algorithmically defines a set of palpation techniques for the DRE, i.e., global finger movement (GFM), local finger movement (LFM), and average intentional finger pressure, and utilizes a custom-built simulator to analyze finger movements in an experiment with two groups: 18 nurse practitioner students and 16 resident physicians. Although technique utilization varied, some elements clearly impacted performance. For example, those utilizing the LFM of vibration were significantly better at detecting abnormalities. Also, the V GFM led to greater success, but finger pressure played a lesser role. Interestingly, while the residents were clearly the superior performers, their techniques differed only subtly from the students. In summary, the quantified palpation techniques appear to account for examination ability at some level, but not entirely for differences between groups.
Fluidic Surface-Tension-Directed Self-Assembly of Miniaturized Semiconductor Dies Across Length Scales and 3D Topologies

This proceeding discusses recent progress on engineered fluidic surface-tension-directed self-assembly involving liquid solder. The process is applied to the assembly of discrete inorganic semiconductor device components at different length scales producing electrically interconnected devices and systems. Prior results include assembly with unique angular orientation and contact pad registration, parallel packaging, and the programmable assembly of various types of light emitting diodes. Recent progress on the scaling of the minimal die size from 300 to 30 µm is discussed which required the development of a new delivery system to concentrate and effectively introduce the components to solder-based receptors. Specifically, components are pre-oriented at a liquid-air or liquid-liquid interface and transferred onto the solder based receptors using a dynamic contact angle with a dipping process. Recent applications include the tiling of curved and 3D surfaces with single crystal semiconductors including the formation of flexible 3D solar cells.
Use of superficial femoral artery to treat an infected great vessel prosthetic graft

We report a patient treated for infection of an ascending aorta to bilateral common carotid artery bypass graft. The superficial femoral arteries were used for the reconstruction after local treatment failed. The patient is free from infection and the grafts are patent 4 years after operation. We believe this is the only report in the literature in which the superficial femoral arteries were used to reconstruct an infected great vessel graft.
Acute Hemolysis in a Patient with Anti-U Despite a Negative MMA Test

Obtaining compatible units for patients with alloantibodies to high frequency antigens poses an extreme challenge for transfusion specialists because these rare units are expensive, in high demand, and are often needed emergently. However, because not all antibodies are clinically significant, the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) is sometimes utilized to predict patient in vivo reactivity to more readily available, antigen positive units. Negative MMA results suggest that antigen-positive units may be incapable of inciting a hemolytic response and can therefore be utilized in lieu of rare, more expensive antigen-negative units. We describe a patient with anti-U antibodies who, despite a negative MMA result, subsequently developed an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction when challenged with U positive blood. Transfusion, management and follow-up of such patients are also discussed.
A Review of Some Biomechanical Principles That Govern the Response Characteristics of Anatomic Materials

Biomedical/biomechanical engineers testifying on behalf of their clients are often asked to render expert opinions about whether or not certain anatomical tissues/organs will fail when exposed to various types of biomechanical loading. Questions arise as to whether or not the loading poses a "risk factor" for potential failure of the material so-exposed; and whether or not the loading on the respective tissues/organs is "excessive, unsafe," and/or otherwise trending toward the ultimate "wear out" of the material, with significant pathological consequences. In order to express their opinions to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty, these expert witnesses must have a working knowledge of certain, very basic biomechanical response characteristics of biological materials. Toward that end, formulated in this paper is a paradigm for the evaluation of expert testimony. The model is based on five fundamental principles that govern such material responses, along with specific implications that can be deduced from them. These implications derive from a consideration of three attributes of living (mainly soft) biological tissues, that are conspicuously absent in all other materials subjected to the same or similar types of loading. The three attributes are: viscoelastic material properties, the ability of these organs/tissues to adapt, and their capacity to heal.
Measurements of dipole, bow-tie, log-periodic and log-spiral antennas on a dielectric-filled parabola

The power patterns and input impedances of four types of planar antennas on a dielectric-filled parabola are presented. The measurements were made on a microwave scale model of a proposed submillimeter-wave receiver front end. The dipoles have the lowest input impedance (generally preferred for matching to most nonlinear elements used in low noise receivers), while the log spiral has the broadest bandwidth and the most circularly symmetric patterns. If cross polarization is a consideration, the log-periodic antennas are likely to give less satisfactory performance. The bow-tie has the most compact impedance locus but its H-plane patterns vary widely with frequency. All of the antennas slightly underilluminate the dielectric-filled parabola. The input impedances of the antenna on the dielectric-filled parabola differ from those of the same antennas in free space and in general the real part decreases. >