cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Engineering At Sandia National Laboratories

The potential exists to reduce or control some aspects of the U.S. health care expenditure without compromising health care delivery by developing carefully selected technologies which impact favorably on the health care system. A focused effort to develop such technologies is underway at Sandia National Laboratories. As a DOE National Laboratory, Sandia possesses a wealth of engineering and scientific expertise that can be readily applied to this critical national need. Appropriate mechanisms currently exist to allow transfer of technology from the laboratory to the private sector. Sandia's Biomedical Engineering Initiative addresses the development of properly evaluated, cost-effective medical technologies through team collaborations with the medical community. Technology development is subjected to certain criteria including wide applicability, earlier diagnoses, increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness and dual-use. Examples of Sandia's medical technologies in@lude a noninvasive blood glucose sensor, computer aided mammographic screening, noninvasive fetal oximetry and blood gas measurement, bum diagnostics and laser debridement, telerobotics and ultrasonic scanning for prosthetic devices. Sandia National Laboratories has the potential to aid in directing medical technology development efforts which emphasize health care needs, earlier diagnosis, cost containment and improvement of the quality of life.
Phosphodiesterase inhibition by sildenafil citrate attenuates a maze learning impairment in rats induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition.

The nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signal transduction pathway has been implicated in some forms of learning and memory. Recent findings suggest that inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes that degrade cGMP may have memory-enhancing effects. We examined whether treatment with sildenafil citrate, a PDE type 5 inhibitor, would attenuate a learning impairment induced by inhibition of NO synthase [60 mg/kg N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), i.p.]. Rats were pretrained in a one-way active avoidance of foot shock in a straight runway and, on the next day, received 15 training trials in a 14-unit T-maze, a task that has been shown to be sensitive to aging and impairment of central NO signaling systems. Combined treatments of l-NAME or saline and sildenafil (1.0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle were given 30 and 15 min before training, respectively. Behavioral measures of performance included entries into incorrect maze sections (errors), run time from start to goal (latency), shock frequency, and shock duration. Statistical analysis revealed that l-NAME impaired maze performance and that sildenafil (1.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated this impairment. Control experiments revealed that administration of l-NAME alone did not significantly increase latencies in a one-way active avoidance test and that different doses of sildenafil alone did not significantly alter complex maze performance. The results indicate that sildenafil may improve learning by modulating NO–cGMP signal transduction, a pathway implicated in age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease.
Chronic non-infectious osteitis: single centre case series

Background Chronic non-infectious osteitis (CNO), also known as Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis, is a noninfectious inflammatory osteopathy predominantly affecting children and adolescents. Diagnosis is often difficult as initial symptoms and clinical course can vary widely. CNO can result in significant morbidity. Treatment regimes are varied but bisphosphonate therapy with pamidronate is proving effective at reducing pain and improving bone remodelling in some patients.
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Incretin Function

The gut hormone incretins play a preponderant physiological role in glucose-stimulated insulin release during meals. Although weight loss is a key determinant of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery, the incretin hormones may also play a role in glucose control. After gastric bypass (RYGBP), the release of incretins, and specifically of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, in response to the ingestion of nutrients, is greatly enhanced. The rapid transit of food from the gastric pouch to the distal jejunum and ileum is responsible for the greater GLP-1 release after RYGBP. The exaggerated release of GLP-1 boosts insulin secretion and lowers postprandial glucose levels during meals. The incretin effect on insulin secretion, or the greater insulin response to oral glucose compared to an isoglycemic intravenous glucose challenge, is severely impaired in patients with diabetes, but is recovered rapidly after RYGBP. The improvement in insulin secretion rate and beta cell sensitivity to oral glucose after RYGBP is mediated by endogenous GLP-1, and is abolished by exendin 9-39, a specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist. While calorie restriction and weight loss have major effects on the rapid and sustained improvement of fasted glucose metabolism, the enhanced incretin effect is a key player of postprandial glucose control after RYGBP.
von Hippel-Lindau disease and pregnancy: what an obstetrician should know

Backgroundvon Hippel-Lindau disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that presents with a variable constellation of symptoms and signs due to formation of hemangioblastomas and cysts. We address the management of pregnancies associated with this disorder from an obstetric perspective.CaseA
Pb 208 ( t , α ) Tl 207 and Pb 207 ( t , α ) Tl 206 Reactions at 20 MeV

The proton pickup reaction ($t, \ensuremath{\alpha}$) has been used to investigate states in $^{207}\mathrm{Tl}$ and $^{206}\mathrm{Tl}$. The angular distributions resulting from populating five states in $^{207}\mathrm{Tl}$ which are predominantly single-hole in character have been analyzed to obtain spectroscopic factors. In the $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}(t, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{206}\mathrm{Tl}$ spectrum, doublets corresponding to the interaction of proton holes in the four lowest-lying orbits with a $3{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ neutron hole are the strongest states observed. The $2{d}_{j}$ proton-hole strength is found in several levels of $^{206}\mathrm{Tl}$. The positions and intensities of the observed levels are in quantitative agreement with the nuclear-structure calculations of Kuo.
Dielectric Response of Ceramic-Polymer Composite with High Permittivity

Based on solution casting method, a ceramic [CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)]-Polymer [P(VDF-TrFE)] composite with flexibility has been synthesized and its dielectric response has been studied. The CCTO ceramic powders were prepared by traditional sintering method and were milled with a relative uniform size. The dielectric properties of these films with micro-size and nano-size CCTO particle, as well as different polymer matrixes were determined. The process was optimized by hot pressing and surface modification to achieve high dielectric constant. A dielectric constant about 175 for one layer composite with high flexibility using silane coupling agent was obtained at 1 kHz at room temperature.
Third nerve palsy: analysis of 1400 personally-examined inpatients.

La plupart des etudes sur la paralysie du troisieme nerf (PTN) sont anterieures a la tomodensitometrie et sont constituees principalement de revues de dossiers de patients externes. Methodes: Afin d'examiner un volet different de la PTN, j'ai revise 1400 dossiers de patients atteints d'une PTN, hospitalises dans un hopital municipal, que j'ai moi-meme examines au cours d'une periode de 37 ans. Resultats: La PTN etait bilaterale chez 11% des patients, complete chez 33%, sans autre signe neurologique (isolee) chez 36% et associee a des neuropathies crâniennes recurrentes chez 7%. La lesion du troisieme nerf etait situee dans l'espace sous-arachnoidien chez 32%, dans le sinus caverneux chez 23%, dans le tronc cerebral chez 14%, comme une neuropathie peripherique non localisee chez 18% et a un endroit indetermine chez 13%. Les causes etaient un traumatisme chez 26%, une tumeur chez 12%, un diabete chez 11%, un anevrisme chez 10%, une chirurgie chez 10%, un accident vasculaire cerebral chez 8%, une infection chez 5%, un syndrome de Guillain-Barre ou de Fisher chez 5%, une sinusite caverneuse idiopathique chez 3%, une cause autolimitee benigne chez 2%, des causes variees chez 4% et des causes inconnues chez 3%. Les causes locales, excluant les nombreux cas de traumatisme, comprenaient 6 cas de cysticercose, 4 de botulisme relie a une plaie et 1 cas de meningite a coccidiomycose. L'ischemie microvasculaire etait la cause de la PTN chez seulement les deux tiers des 234 patients diabetiques dont 5 etaient porteurs d'anevrismes et 53% avaient une atteinte pupillaire, souvent bilaterale, ce qui est compatible avec la presence d'une neuropathie autonomique. La pupille n'etait pas atteinte chez seulement 2% des patients porteurs d'anevrismes. Le debut avait ete douloureux chez 94% des patients porteurs d'anevrismes et 69% des diabetiques. Conclusions: La PTN bilaterale, les neuropathies crâniennes multiples et les signes neurologiques associes sont frequents chez nos patients hospitalises, de meme que les etiologies qui sont rares chez les patients externes comme les traumatismes severes, la hernie transtentorielle, les accidents vasculaires cerebraux et le syndrome de Guillain-Barre. Un diagnostic n'a pu etre pose dans un tres petit nombre de cas et l'ischemie non diabetique etait rare.
Effect of Buoyancy on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Heating Mode

The Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is a leading competitor for the Generation IV nuclear power plants due to the minimal initial cost, increase in efficiency at higher outlet temperatures, and reduction in the plant footprint. However, due to the complex behavior of thermophysical properties in the critical region, a better understanding of the turbulent heat transfer characteristics needs to be explored. Experiments were performed with the carbon dioxide under heating conditions at the Texas A&M University Supercritical Fluids Facility. Turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers up to 60,000, at operating pressures of 7.5, 8.1, and 10.2 MPa were tested in a 10.9 mm inner diameter, 1 m long 316 stainless steel round tube. Local heat transfer values were obtained using measured wall temperatures over a large set of experimental parameters that varied inlet temperature from 20 0 C to 55 0 C, mass flux from 150 to 350 Kg/m 2 -sec and maximum heat flux of 65 KW/m 2 . Results were also obtained for 90 o upward and downward flow to understand the unusual heat transfer characteristics due to the effect of buoyancy and flow acceleration caused by large variation in density. Buoyancy factor calculations for all the test cases indicated that buoyancy effects cannot be neglected even for horizontal flow at Reynolds number as high as 20,000. Experimentally determined Nusselt numbers are compared to existing correlations available in the literature. Existing correlations predicted the experimental data within 30% with some deviation around the pseudo-critical temperature.
Experimental Investigation of High-Resolution Spatio-Temporal Patterns

In the past decades, a wide range of experiments have been conducted using invasive and non-invasive techniques to analyze neural correlates of cognitive behaviors. Here we introduce examples of high-resolution intracranial electrocorticogram (ECoG) experiments with rabbits and human participants, as well as noninvasive scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments. Results of these experiments will be used to illustrate the neurodynamic principles of cognition discussed in this work.
Analysis of the measured charging load of electric vehicle in residential area

The charging characteristics of electric vehicle is important for charging load forecasting,charging infrastructure planning and charging load management.Currently,as the use of electric vehicle is not enough,there is little measured data to review.Associated research is still in the beginning.In this paper,by way of installing charging infrastructure at the home of testing user together with acquisition and record equipment,the charging data of the EV users in test at home is recorded,which provide necessary basis for the research of charging load and charging infrastructure planning.The charging characteristic of the user at home is analyzed,it can be seen from the result that the charging load of electric vehicle will worsen load curve.
Behavior of Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair

AbstractWe performed a prospective study on 10 boys between 2 and 6 years old undergoing repair for hypospadias. Clinical observation in the hospital ward rooms and play environment demonstrated a distinctive postoperative course of withdrawal and aggressive behavior with resultant increased parental anxiety, which results in strained staff-family relations. We speculate that this distinctive behavior may be owing to an interaction among parental attitudes, the pain and immobilization from operation and the level of the child’s sexual development. Intervention was designed to give the boys behavioral outlets and to involve their family in preoperative and postoperative education.
MO-FG-202-01: A Fast Yet Sensitive EPID-Based Real-Time Treatment Verification System

Purpose: To create a real-time EPID-based treatment verification system which robustly detects treatment delivery and patient attenuation variations. Methods: Treatment plan DICOM files sent to the record-and-verify system are captured and utilized to predict EPID images for each planned control point using a modified GPU-based digitally reconstructed radiograph algorithm which accounts for the patient attenuation, source energy fluence, source size effects, and MLC attenuation. The DICOM and predicted images are utilized by our C++ treatment verification software which compares EPID acquired 1024×768 resolution frames acquired at ∼8.5hz from Varian Truebeam™ system. To maximize detection sensitivity, image comparisons determine (1) if radiation exists outside of the desired treatment field; (2) if radiation is lacking inside the treatment field; (3) if translations, rotations, and magnifications of the image are within tolerance. Acquisition was tested with known test fields and prior patient fields. Error detection was tested in real-time and utilizing images acquired during treatment with another system. Results: The computational time of the prediction algorithms, for a patient plan with 350 control points and 60×60×42cm^3 CT volume, is 2–3minutes on CPU and <27 seconds on GPU for 1024×768 images. The verification software requires a maximum of ∼9ms and ∼19ms for 512×384 and 1024×768 resolution images, respectively, to perform image analysis and dosimetric validations. Typical variations in geometric parameters between reference and the measured images are 0.32°for gantry rotation, 1.006 for scaling factor, and 0.67mm for translation. For excess out-of-field/missing in-field fluence, with masks extending 1mm (at isocenter) from the detected aperture edge, the average total in-field area missing EPID fluence was 1.5mm2 the out-of-field excess EPID fluence was 8mm^2, both below error tolerances. Conclusion: A real-time verification software, with EPID images prediction algorithm, was developed. The system is capable of performing verifications between frames acquisitions and identifying source(s) of any out-of-tolerance variations. This work was supported in part by Varian Medical Systems.
Antibiotic Prescribing Evaluation in an Outpatient Hemodialysis Clinic

Background: Empiric vancomycin treatment is frequently used in hemodialysis (HD) patients because of ease of administration when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected. Differing rates of MRSA indicate that empiric antibiotic treatment should be based on a center-specific antibiogram. Objective: To develop a center-specific antibiogram, evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns, and determine areas of improvement in infection treatment. Methods: The antibiogram was constructed from culture and susceptibility (CS (2) vancomycin for 1 dose followed by appropriate antibiotic based on CS and (3) CS 17.9% of the staphylococcal isolates were MRSA strains. No isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus were identified. Based on the antibiogram, empiric antibiotic therapy within our center should be 1 dose each of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside. Empiric vancomycin was used 71 times. When criterion I is used, 12 prescriptions (16.9%) were considered appropriate. When criterion II and adjustment for MRSA reported for our center were used, 46 (64.8%) vancomycin prescriptions were considered appropriate. Forty-one patients had more than 1 dose of antibiotic therapy, and 18 (43.9%) of those patients did not have C&S data obtained as prescribed by criterion III. Areas of prescribing improvement include obtaining a C&S in all suspected infections prior to empiric therapy and a more aggressive antibiotic switch based on C&S results. Conclusions: Antibiograms can be used to determine appropriate empric antibiotic therapy and identify areas of improvement.
A high-performance distributed computing framework for parametric design optimization of RF devices

The design cycle of RF devices is greatly facilitated by the use of the “virtual prototyping” methodology based on high-fidelity computer simulations that are capable of predicting the RF device's performance in response to changes in its physical parameters. In particular, critical dimensions of the structure, or quantitative properties of the various electromagnetic components are routinely utilized in sensitivity analyses coupled with performance optimization. This type of process is well suited to semi-supervised global optimization. To this end we have integrated our RF simulation codes with several existing software tools for optimization and distributed high-performance computing code deployment and management, such as the DAKOTA toolkit [1], and AFRL's Galaxy Simulation Builder (GSB).
Low-Complexity Energy-Efficient Spectrum Allocation Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks

In Cognitive Radio (CR) networks, Secondary Users (SUs) compete for the channels that are underutilized due to the erratic usage by Primary Users (PUs). One of the key objectives of CR networks is to maximize the network's utilization by increasing the number of SUs while reducing their interference experienced by PUs and SUs. In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient channel allocation in CR networks. Energy efficiency is defined as the number of bits transmitted per Joule of energy. We propose an efficient algorithm, Maximum-SINR Algorithm (MaxEEA), which has a low time complexity O (NSlog(S)). MaxEEA exploits the information sent by SUs to perform energy-efficient spectrum allocation using a single parameter (i.e. SNR Reduction Factor). The performance of MaxEEA is compared with two greedy algorithms and a fine-tuned metaheuristic, Binary Harmony Search Algorithm (BHSA). Experimental results show that MaxEEA has performance within 1% of that of the fine-tuned BHSA, and better than two benchmark heuristics tested.
Effect of Water Activity and Packaging Material on the Quality of Dehydrated Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) Slices during Accelerated Storage.

The quality of dehydrated taro slices in accelerated storage (45∘C and 75% RH) was determined as a function of initial water activity ( ) and package type. Color, rehydration capacity, thiamin content, and α-tocopherol content were monitored during 34 weeks of storage in polyethylene and foil laminate packaging at initial storage of 0.35 to 0.71. Initial at or below 0.54 resulted in less browning and higher rehydration capacity, but not in significantly higher α-tocopherol retention. Foil laminate pouches resulted in a higher rehydration capacity and increased thiamin retention compared to polyethylene bags. Type of packaging had no effect on the color of the samples. Product stability was highest when stored in foil laminate pouches at 0.4 . Sensory panels were held to determine the acceptability of rehydrated taro slices using samples representative of the taro used in the analytical tests. A hedonic test on rehydrated taro’s acceptability was conducted in Fiji, with panelists rating the product an average of on a discrete 9-point scale. Using a modified Weibull analysis (with 50% probability of product failure), it was determined that the shelf life of dehydrated taro stored at 45∘C was 38.3 weeks.
Legislating Transit “Coopetition”: Privatization and Planning Devolution in Germany

Market liberalization is often heralded as a solution for unprofitable public services; however, such liberalization can result in competitive practices that harm service quality, particularly for public transit. Germany experienced this detrimental competition when its transit privatization initially led to operators’ instituting business practices designed to keep riders on their portion of the network and degrading the overall user experience and driving down systemwide ridership and revenue. To repair the system fragmentation and revive their profits, the operators banded together in cooperative regional transportation alliances known as Verkehrsverbunde. Composed of both public and private transit providers as well as local authorities, Verkehrsverbunde coordinate transit planning, operations, and fare structures to provide customers with a unified, accessible, and efficient transportation system. From the inception of the first Verkehrsverbund in 1965 through the early 1990s, 11 of Germany’s largest...
Prospects for FLES

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of prospects for foreign languages in the elementary school (FLES). Many consider FLES one of the important recent innovations in foreign-language teaching. FLES is intended to permit terminal achievement in all language skills to a greater degree because of the longer span of total exposure provided. As FLES makes achievement of a common goal more feasible, comparisons restricted to the type of language activities better suited to more mature students are invidious. FLES reduces radically the basis for differences of opinion between exponents of the traditional method and teachers dedicated to the new key or fundamental skill method as to the appropriate sequence for attacking the respective skills. The FLES experience should be measured in terms of the number of language skills contributing to the terminal goal rather than in terms of specific tasks considered terminal outside the total context of language learning.
Interdependent Diversities: Reflections on the Community-Diversity Dialectic

This commentary reflects on the Community-Diversity Dialectic, summarizing its development and reviewing its impact on community psychology research and practice. Two contemporary examples are presented to illustrate both the possibilities of and challenges to bridging the gap between sense of community and diversity: the rise of the so-called "alt-right" on the one hand, and the popularity of Pokemon Go on the other. The article concludes with a brief discussion of Kurt Lewin's contributions to group dynamics theory, recommending that an emphasis on our interdependent fates and goals is paramount to reconciling the tensions between sense of community and diversity that persist in an increasingly complex multicultural world.
Quantification of non-Newtonian fluid dynamics of a wormlike micelle solution in porous media with magnetic resonance

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed gradient stimulated echo (PGStE) techniques were used to observe anomalous transport phenomena for flow of a non-Newtonian wormlike micelle solution through a model porous media. Understanding the flow behavior of wormlike micelle solutions in porous media is important due to the growing interest of these solutions in enhanced oil recovery. NMR velocity imaging was unable to discern differences in the flow field between shear-thickening wormlike micelle solution and water due to spatial resolution limitations. However, the probability of displacement, i.e. the propagator, was skewed towards slower velocities and long tails at high displacements for the micelle solution and incorporation of a fractional dynamics approach using the moments of the probability distribution showed a deviation from asymptotic Gaussian statistics.
Synapse-Specific Encoding of Fear Memory in the Amygdala

Input specificity is a fundamental property of long-term potentiation (LTP), but it is not known if learning is mediated by synapse-specific plasticity. Kim and Cho (2017) now show that fear conditioning is mediated by synapse-specific LTP in the amygdala, allowing animals to discriminate stimuli that predict threat from those that do not.
Frames of Reference and Antecedentless Anaphora in Spanish Conversation.

This study examines native Spanish speakers’ use of anaphoric pronouns and null subjects in conversational discourse in the absence of coreferential antecedents. It also considers the adequacy of Gundel et al.’s proposal (Language 69(2):274–307, 1993) that the cognitive status “in focus” corresponds with speakers’ use of minimal referring expressions (i.e., unstressed pronouns and zeros). Analysis of naturally occurring Spanish conversation shows how the felicitous use and interpretation of non-canonical (antecedentless) anaphoric pronouns and null subjects are possible due to the activation of underlying cognitive frames that are shared by the interlocutors. Furthermore, the speaker’s mention of a referent, dubbed a “neighborhood antecedent” by Langacker (Conceptual grouping and pronominal anaphora, in: Fox (ed) Studies in anaphora, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996), and the information “filled in” over the course of the conversation on account of the activation of relevant cognitive frames, both license and disambiguate the non-canonical anaphoric relations.
Conditioning of Masturbatory Fantasies in Sex Therapy

Conditioning of masturbatory fantasies to ‘appropriate’ sexual objects as a clinical technique in sex therapy is briefly reviewed. This technique is based on the assumption that continued masturbat...
The Development, Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation of the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude

I have been asked to review and to demonstrate for you the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H-NTLA). This instrument is a pioneer in its field, inasmuch as it was the first major individual scale in the United States developed specifically for the deaf and standardized upon them. Work on the original scale was started at the University of Nebraska almost 45 years ago. It has been used widely by thousands of specialists in the United States and in many foreign countries. There are many, however, in various areas of specialization with exceptional children who know it only by name. This presentation is primarily for this latter group and will summarize the basics concerning the scale and its use, most of which have been presented elsewhere in previous publications.
Structural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in Spanish-Speaking Primary Care Patients:

The Pearlin Mastery (PM) Scale is frequently used in health research to assess individuals' personal mastery or the extent to which they believe they are in control of their own lives. It has been adapted from English into multiple languages including Spanish. However, no studies have assessed the psychometric properties of Spanish translations of the scale. This analysis evaluated structural validity and measurement invariance of the original Spanish translation of the PM Scale in two groups of Spanish-speaking individuals receiving primary care at community clinics in Florida. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the 5-item version used in the literature yields a unidimensional factor structure as expected; however, multiple-group CFA revealed that the PM Scale items did not load equivalently on the factor across samples. This indicates that the Spanish version of the PM Scale may not measure mastery consistently across groups, possibly due to differences in respondents' semantic understanding of items or differences in the meaning of the construct itself. Findings suggest that researchers seeking to measure personal mastery in Spanish-speaking participants from diverse cultural backgrounds should consider alternative approaches including the development of new instruments.
Intermediate Reactions in Anaerobic Glycolysis

Overview • The intermediate reactions in anaerobic glycolysis involve the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two triose phosphates, which are ultimately converted to pyruvate in some ATP-yielding reactions.
No exit : what parents owe their children and what society owes parents

Acknowledgments Introduction PART 1 - WHY CONTINUITY OF CARE IS IMPORTANT FOR CHILDREN - AND COSTLY FOR PARENTS 1. 1 What is Continuity of Care? 2. The Cost of Continuity for Parents' Lives PART II - WHY SOCIETY IMPOSES THE "NO EXIT" OBLIGATION - AND WHAT SOCIETY OWES PARENTS AS A RESULT 3. Should Society Expect Parents to Provide Continuity of Care? 4. No Exit and Parental Autonomy PART III - NEW PROGRAMS TO ASSIST PARENTS 5. Caretaker Resources Accounts 6. A Closer Look at Caretaker Resource Accounts 7. Life-Planning Insurance: Extra Help for Parents of Ill or Disabled Children PART IV - WHY WORKPLACE PROGRAMS AREN'T ENOUGH 8. Parents and Paid Work 9. Practical Limitations of the Family-Friendly Workplace PART V - IMPLEMENTATION 10. Implementing Caretaker Resource Accounts 11. Implementing Life- Planning Insurance for Parents Conclusion Notes References Index
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in incident stroke cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: Changes over three decades

Abstract Objectives We sought evidence of a change in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) over a 30-year period among residents of Rochester, Minnesota. Background Atrial fibrillation is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, but there is limited data on secular trends of AF over time. Methods Within a longitudinal case-control study of ischemic stroke, the prevalence of AF and of selected comorbid conditions among incident stroke cases and age- and gender-matched controls between 1960 and 1989 was determined. Results The mean age ± standard deviation for the 1,871 stroke cases (45% men) and matched controls was 75 ± 11 years. For cases, age-adjusted estimates of AF prevalence for 1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, and 1980 to 1989 were 11%, 13%, and 16%, respectively, for men, and 13%, 16%, and 20% for women. For controls, the rates were 5%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, for men, and 4%, 6%, and 8% for women. Increasing AF prevalence was associated with increasing age (doubling of odds per decade of age in both cases and controls) and calendar time adjusted for age and gender (cases: odds ratio [OR] per 5 years 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.22; controls: OR per 5 years 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37). The rates of increase with calendar time were significant for cases (p = 0.001) and controls (p Conclusions The prevalence of AF increased significantly in ischemic stroke patients and their controls from 1960 to 1989 in Rochester, Minnesota, independent of age and gender. The rate of increase did not differ significantly between men and women.
Interpersonal consequences of legal handgun carrying on college campuses

Objective: This study assessed whether college students felt less safe or were less likely to work with another student when they thought the person they would work with was carrying a handgun than when they did not. Participants: Seventy participants were recruited from a public US university where campus carry was legal. Methods: Participants were led to believe a confederate was carrying a handgun or not. Participants' perceived safety and willingness to work with others was assessed. Results: No difference was found in participants' perceived safety. Participants who believed another student was carrying a concealed handgun reported they would be less likely to perform certain tasks with the handgun carrier than they would with the non-carrier. Conclusions: People do not feel less safe around a handgun-carrying confederate and that allowing concealed handguns on campus might affect handgun carriers' interpersonal interactions with others in suboptimal ways.
Orexins and Cognition: Neuroanatomical and Neurochemical Substrates

Abstract The hypothalamus is the major CNS locus that links physiological homeostasis with behavior, including cognitive components of adaptive responses to homeostatic challenges. The hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide system has widespread projections to cerebral and brainstem regions that are important for cognitive function. These anatomical connections allow for orexins to interact with, and regulate, neurotransmitter systems classically implicated in cognitive domains that prominently include attention. Indeed, attentional deficits are associated with conditions, including narcolepsy and age-related cognitive decline, which are either caused by or associated with varying degrees of orexin deficiency. Animal models further support a significant role for the orexin system in cognitive function. Here, we review the experimental and clinical evidence suggesting a role for the orexin system in cognitive function and conclude with a brief discussion of the prospect of orexin-targeted therapies as cognitive enhancers.
Socket size adjustments in people with transtibial amputation: Effects on residual limb fluid volume and limb-socket distance.

Abstract Background Small intermittent adjustments of socket size using adjustable sockets may be a means for people with transtibial amputation to better maintain residual limb fluid volume and limb position while using a prosthesis. Methods Socket size, limb fluid volume, and distance from the limb to the socket, termed “sensed distance,” were recorded while participants with transtibial amputation walked on a treadmill wearing a motor-driven, cabled-panel, adjustable socket. Researchers made frequent socket size adjustments using a mobile phone app to identify participants' acceptable socket size range. Limb fluid volume and sensed distance were then monitored as incremental adjustments were made to the socket. Findings Prosthesis users in this study (n = 10) accepted socket sizes between −5% and +5% of their neutral socket volume. There was a rapid increase in limb fluid volume and sensed distance upon socket enlargement, and a rapid decrease upon reduction. Subsequently, there were gradual changes in fluid volume and sensed distance. While visually monitoring limb fluid volume data in real time, researchers were able to adjust socket size to maintain consistent limb fluid volume within a −0.7% to +0.9% volume change for 24 min. Interpretation Participant residual limbs compensated to socket size adjustment. Using socket-mounted sensors to monitor limb-socket mechanics, an automatic adjustable socket that maintains limb fluid volume may be possible and may improve socket fit in instances where fit deteriorates during use.
Anticoagulation Strategies in the Perioperative Period for Lung Transplant: 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Warfarin Reversal

Purpose Transfusion during lung transplantation (LT) is associated with worsened outcomes. When recipients require anticoagulation at listing, they are at increased risk of bleeding during LT if the drug effects are not rapidly reversed. Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4-F PCC) is recently available for rapid warfarin reversal. Here we describe clinical outcomes in waitlisted recipients who were anticoagulated on warfarin and reversed with 4-F PCC at the time of LT. Methods The electronic medical records of all adult LT patients between 2/2014-8/2018 were queried. 4-F PCC became available in 2014, and routinely used for warfarin reversal in 2017. When indicated, patients were anticoagulated with warfarin at listing. During LT, 4-F PCC was administered immediately upon arrival to the OR and prior to incision, per recommended dose. We report 72-hour transfusion requirements, as well as short and long-term clinical outcomes. Results 451 LT patients’ records were queried; of those, 4 patients received full dose 4-F PCC for warfarin reversal, for off pump LT. We describe clinical characteristics of the recipient, the surgery, relevant medications administered, and outcomes in Table 1. 72-hr transfusion requirements ranged from 0 to 2 RBCs, with cryoprecipitate and platelets ranging from 0 to 2 U. FFP use varied tremendously because 1 patient required plasmapheresis perioperatively. Patient 2 had a deep vein thrombosis after 30 days during the index hospitalization. All patients were discharged home and have survived to date. Conclusion When warfarin is utilized as a therapeutic anticoagulation strategy at listing for lung transplant, 4F-PCC safely and effectively reverses its effects.
Women’s Leadership in Global Health

The purpose of this Association Report is to recognize the significant progress of the leadership of women in dental education and to document the importance of increasing opportunities for women in global health, education, and research. Five American Dental Education Association International Women’s Leadership Conferences have provided opportunities for women leaders in dentistry around the world to exchange experiences and strategies that support their increasing value in the global landscape. Dental disease is now considered one of the top targets for disease eradication by the World Health Organization, and women are seen as critical to the achievement of global health objectives worldwide.
Gene-targeting approaches for movement disorders: recent advances

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the current state of art of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease.Recent findingsIntroduction of the gene for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) into the subthalamic nucleus was successful in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial and recent data from PET imaging ident
Gene Therapy for Skin Fragility Diseases: The New Generation

Ex vivo gene therapy is a promising approach to treat devastating skin fragility diseases. March et al. and Takashima et al. report that programmable nucleases—TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9—can safely and efficiently correct genetic defects in cultured adult skin cells, paving the way for broader clinical applications of gene therapies in dermatology.
Impact of Multiplex Testing on the Identification of Pediatric Clostridiodes Difficile.

Objectives To evaluate whether the implementation of a multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GIP) was associated with changes in Clostridioides difficile (C difficile) testing and detection rates. Study design We conducted an observational study using interrupted time series analysis and included pediatric patients with testing capable of detecting C difficile. From 2013 to 2015 (“conventional diagnostic era”), stool testing included C difficile-selective polymerase chain reaction and other pathogen-specific tests. From 2015 to 2017 (“GIP era”), C difficile polymerase chain reaction was available along with the GIP, which detected 22 pathogens including C difficile, and replaced the need for additional tests. Outcomes included C difficile testing and detection rates in ambulatory, emergency department, and inpatient settings. Results There were 6841 tests performed and 1214 C difficile positive results. Across the 3 settings, GIP era had significantly higher C difficile testing (1.7-2.3 times higher) and C difficile detection rates (1.9-3.4 times higher) compared with conventional diagnostic era. After adjusting for the number of tests performed, detection rates were no longer significantly different. Of C difficile positive GIPs, 31% were coinfected with another organism. With GIP testing, patients 1 year of age had a significantly higher C difficile percent positivity than 2-year-old (P = .02) and 3- to 18-year-old children (P Conclusions Introducing a multiplex panel led to increased C difficile testing, which resulted in increased C difficile detection rates and potential identification and treatment of colonized patients. This highlights an important target for diagnostic stewardship and the challenges associated with multiplex testing.
Challenges in integrated pest management: A case study of onion thrips and bacterial bulb rot in onion

Abstract Most agricultural production systems face challenges with multiple arthropods, plant pathogens and/or weed species, but few studies address the impact of multiple pests when developing integrated pest management programs. In onion production, onion thrips and bacterial bulb rot are primary constraints, and choice of onion cultivar, fertility regime and insecticide use may be important tactics to manage both. In a two-year study in New York, two independent field trials were conducted concurrently. The first experiment included either a moderately thrips-resistant cultivar (‘Avalon’) or a thrips-susceptible cultivar (‘Bradley’), multiple nitrogen rates (0, 67, 84, 118, and 151 kg/ha) and either a season-long, action threshold-based insecticide program or no insecticide program (20 treatments total). The second experiment included the same cultivars and insecticide programs but evaluated phosphorous rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg/ha) (16 treatments total). In both trials and years, ‘Avalon’ experienced lower thrips densities, but suffered 58% more bacterial rot, which reduced onion yields overall by 9%. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer had limited impact on onion thrips, bacterial rot, and onion yield. Although, higher rates of nitrogen fertilizer increased bacterial bulb rot in 2017. In both years, low rates of fertilizer (67 kg/ha N or 56 kg/ha P) produced statistically similar yields to plants supplemented with the highest rates of fertilizer. Insecticide use reduced thrips densities and increased bulb yield in both years but did not consistently reduce bacterial bulb rot. Therefore, growers can optimize onion production by reducing rates of fertilizer and using an action-threshold based insecticide program. Furthermore, our results indicate that IPM programs should be evaluated to consider multiple biotic constraints simultaneously within an agricultural production system as IPM tactics can be counterproductive.
Pulmonary Air embolism Associated with Pneumocephalus: A Case Report.

Iatrogenic air embolism is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Retrograde cerebral venous air embolism is most frequently associated with manipulation of venous access most commonly from central venous catheters. The ascension of air to the cerebral circulation is possibly due to the low specific gravity of air compared to blood and the performance of procedures in the sitting position. Increased right ventricular pressures in the setting of pulmonary thromboembolism may also contribute to the retrograde flow of air. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who developed a massive pulmonary embolism and pneumocephalus, which was evident during contrast enhanced CT pulmonary angiography. Neurological deficits were not apparent and air resorption occurred after 48 hours of high flow oxygen therapy.
Polymerized Hemoglobin With Increased Molecular Size Reduces Toxicity in Healthy Guinea Pigs

Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen (O2) carriers (HBOCs) have been developed as an alternative to red blood cells (RBCs) for use in transfusion medicine. HBOCs have many benefits over RBCs; however, prev...
Rapid quantification of total phenolics and ferulic acid in whole wheat using UV–Vis spectrophotometry

Abstract Wheat phenolic compounds have benefits of maintaining health and reducing risks of some chronic diseases and cancers. Wheat breeders and producers are becoming interested in producing specialty wheat with a higher amount of bioactive phenolics, in addition to the conventional targets of yield, disease and pest resistance, milling and baking quality, etc. Generally, total phenolic content (TPC) is determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and phenolic acids are quantified through the chromatography methods, which are relatively time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we developed partial least squares (PLS) models for rapid, simplified, and accurate determination of both TPC and ferulic acid of whole wheat extract based on spectra data from UV–Vis spectroscopy. The spectra ranged from 240 to 360 nm were used for model development. A total of 60 samples was used as a calibration set, and 20 samples were used as an external validation set. For the TPC model, the values of both R2-calibration and R2-cross validation were 0.89. For the ferulic acid model, R2-calibration was 0.82, and R2-cross validation was 0.78. Compared with the traditional analytical methods, our approach is more convenient and rapid and achieves comparable accuracy. Wheat breeding programs, as well as other projects focusing on the health benefits of whole wheat that require fast screening and selection of wheat lines with significant phenolic compounds, will be greatly benefitted by this new method.
The relevance of the geosciences, from K-12 to graduate education

Geoscience educators play an unusual role in US universities. In addition to attracting new geoscience majors, our introductory courses prepare future teachers, address misconceptions about sociall...
Supraspinatus Rotator Cuff Repair: A Mouse Model and Technique

Abstract To improve understanding of the pathophysiology of rotator cuff repair and develop therapeutic treatments an animal model is essential. This Technical Note describes a comprehensive step-by-step description of rotator cuff repair in the mouse. This technique is particularly beneficial because the murine rotator cuff is anatomically similar to that of humans. The mouse model can also be used to test the biological role of candidate genes during repair and be used to identify drugs that accelerate the healing process.
Hybrid Photonic Lattice with Mode Coupling and Rabi Splitting

We investigate the scattering properties of a paired periodic array of silver-dielectric metasurfaces. We report Fano resonances and Rabi splitting in the spectral response of the scattering parameters. We show that tuning the refractive index of the dielectric scatterer defines whether identical or mismatched resonances are excited in the array.
Mississippian Production II

Specialist production has played an important part in theories of the development of social stratification in an extensive literature on that topic in economics and political economy. For the most part, specialization has been proposed as developing in one or another contexts—in production of staple commodities (e.g., Engels 1891, Service 1962, 1975) or in production of finely made goods (as per Earle 1987). This chapter will discuss some of the theories about specialization and its roles in terms of the case for developing hierarchy in Mississippian societies. I want to stress that the concept of specialization is most useful when it is returned to its meaning in economic theory and not redefined in some form that is unique to archaeology. It is also important that any proposal for specialist production be defined in a logical, testable way that addresses the core issues. Some degree of specialization has been widely proposed in association with developing hierarchies in the East (e.g., Pauketat 1987b, 1994; Prentice 1983, cf. Prentice 1985; Yerkes 1983, 1986). As I noted in the last chapter, time and more evidence have brought greater caution, and most recent claims for labor differentiation in Mississippian are qualified or phrased in terms such as “part-time” or “household” specialization (e.g., see Pauketat 1987b, 1994; Prentice 1985). The term craft production has been introduced recently in order to avoid dealing with the issue of specialization, but there is still a problem.