cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing ATOD norms and behaviors: A Native American community commitment to wellness☆

Abstract In September 1991, a five-year CSAP-funded community substance abuse prevention program was launched in this Native American community. A small (550 member) rural community, it had a history of serious alcohol and drug problems. The Chi-e-chee (“workers”) grass-roots program sought to address substance abuse through a strategy using community collaboration between tribal agencies, community empowerment and education, cultural enhancement, and development of support networks and services for people engaged in healing and recovery. This program was successful in sponsoring over 215 cultural and educational events, and has resulted in 96 community members making a commitment to sobriety, a community wide change in norms about wellness and substance abuse, the creation of new networks of communication and collaboration, and new tribal policies and enforcement practices to curtail drug and alcohol abuse. The number of clean and sober individuals was determined to have increased from 25% of the adult population in 1992 to 40% of the adult population in 1996.
EFFECTS OF MASSIVE X‐IRRADIATION ON RAT ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS AND BRAIN SEROTONIN

Electroencephalograms and brain serotonin levels were studied during and after massive doses of whole body x irradiation. Decreased serotonin levels were found immediately after exposure to 9000/r and 18 hr after 4500/r coinciding with EEG slowing and lethargy. Later, serotonin levels returned to normal even when some of the animals showed severe delayed radiation sickness. (auth)
HEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS (WG) IN CHILDHOOD WITH PROLONGED SURVIVAL FOLLOWING CYTOTOXIC THERAPY

Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology involving mainly the kidney and respiratory tract in a necrotizing and granulomatous vasculitis, though other organ systems may be affected. Only 6 cases have been reported in children under age 16 years and each had a rapidly fatal outcome despite supportive therapy and corticosteroids. Although several studies have reported a good response in adults to cytotoxic therapy, this form of therapy has not been tried in children with WG. We have treated 2 girls, aged 10 and 13 years, with a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy for generalized WG with renal, ocular, nasopharyngeal, sinus and cutaneous involvement. One patient also had middle ear pulmonary and laryngeal granulomata. Multiple biopsies of involved tissues confirmed the diagnoses. Cyclophosphamide was capable of inducing remission in disease activity initially and during subsequent relapses. Proteinuria decreased in one patient from 5.2 to 0.8 gm/24 h and her serum creatinine concentration fell from 2.1 to 1.3 mg/dl. Pulmonary granuloma regressed in the second patient. Hemorrhagic cystitis was the only complication of therapy, but did not recur with readministration. These patients have survived 2½ and 5 years respectively. Both are in good health and attending school at present. These are the first children of which we are aware to receive this form of therapy for WG.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGHLY CONDUCTING, ENVIRONMENTALLY STABLE, IODINE COMPLEXES OF A SOLUBLE POLY N-METHYL 3,3' CARBAZOLYL

Poly N-methyl 3',3 carbazoly (PC) can be prepared by forming the di-Grignard reagent of 3',3 dibromo N-methyl carbazole with highly activated magnesium and subsequently adding this reagent to a tetrahydrofuran suspension containing a catalytic amount of nickle complex. The tan yellow PC isolated from this reaction mixture was soluble in a number of "acceptor" type solvents such as nitrobenzene. Thin, clear yellow films could be cast and were easily doped with I2, Br2 to form tough black films. Completely doped PC semiconductors containing one I atom per carbazole monomer unit, exhibited conductivities as high as 1 ohm-1cm-1 with an activation energy for D.C. conduction of 0.172 eV. Together with the featureless absorbance spectrum shown by the I2 doped films from 0.3µ to 25µ these electrical properties suggest hopping as the charge transport mechanism in these amorphous materials. The carbazole radical cations were sufficiently stable in the complexes to maintain this electrical conductivity unchanged in room air at 25°C for at least 1 month.
The thermopower of aluminium with transition metal impurities

Abstract The thermopower of dilute alloys of Al with Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe was measured at low temperature. A large and negative electron diffusion term is found for Al-Mn and Al-Fe, due to a d -virtual level with a width of about 0.5 eV.
On the use of total brightness measurements for tomography of the solar corona

A time series of polarized white light coronagraph images may be used to make a tomographic estimate of the electron density (Ne) in three dimensions, as has been demonstrated by several authors. This technique has come to be known as solar rotational tomography (SRT). SRT relies on the fact that the polarized brightness (pB) is dominated by the electron-scattered K corona. In contrast, the total brightness contains a large contribution from the dust-scattered F-corona with some signal from the K corona. The K-corona contribution to the total brightness (B) is of interest because the Thomson scattering has different angular dependences for the polarized and unpolarized components. This difference in angular dependence in principle allows one to exploit total brightness measurements as a source of independent information for SRT. In this paper the problem of making optimal tomographic estimates of Ne using both total and polarized brightness data is considered under the assumption that the F-corona contribution can be determined with a known level of precision. Formulae for the reconstructions and the likely errors are given in terms of the singular value decomposition of the weighted measurement operators. It is shown that in order for the total brightness measurements to be useful for SRT, the process of removing the F-corona contribution must be almost perfect in the sense that it contributes uncertainty that is not much greater than the measurement noise in the polarized images. This result holds at heights below roughly 15 solar radii, where the F corona is almost completely unpolarized.
Asymmetric lines and background shifts in reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy.

The approximations commonly used in interpreting infrared spectra of adsorbates on metal surfaces neglect the dielectric response of the metal. At high angles of incidence, these approximations can be inadequate, particularly on low-conductivity metals. Straightforward analytic expressions are presented that are valid at all angles. The dielectric response produces an asymmetric line shape even for a Lorentzian oscillator, reduces the intensity of the band, and slightly enhances the broadband reflectance of the surface.
Interactive Pareto-optimal with advantage programming for solving bi-objective capacitor planning

This paper proposes an interactive Pareto-optimal with advantage (IPOA) approach for solving the general capacitor planning problems. Two main contradictory concerns which involve cost and quality properties are considered for optimization. The IPOA approach can provide a valuable advantage Pareto-optimal solution by following the intention of decision makers (DMs). The operating and expansion constraints of distribution feeders are considered for practical needs. Also, both fixed and switched types of capacitors are included. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated by a real feeder study in terms of solution quality and efficiency. The simulation results show that a flexible and advantageous Pareto-optimal solution can be obtained by following the intention of DMs through the proposed approach. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drosophila hedgehog acts as a morphogen in cellular patterning

The patterning of cell types in embryogenesis is specified by signals emanating from specialized organizer regions. We demonstrate that engrailed-expressing cells in the Drosophila epidermis have organizer properties. These cells influence the pattern of cell type differentiation across the segment. We show that this function is mediated by the hedgehog (hh) gene. The results of modulating the levels of hh in the embryo suggest that hh acts as a morphogen, specifying distinct cell fates by a concentration-dependent mechanism. We present a model that integrates the role of hh with that of the wingless signal in establishing the segmental array of cell type diversity.
Relationship between obsessional personality traits, neuroticism and extraversion in normal subjects

Abstract On the basis of the available literature, the relationships between obsessional personality traits, neuroticism, and extraversion are unclear. Two studies on recovered depressed patients yielded conflicting results. 1,2 In our present study we attempted to investigate this issue by using a large group of normal individuals.
On Fan-Gottesman compactification and P. S. Alexsandrov's problems

As a generalization of Freudenthal’s compactification of rim-compact Hausdorff spaces [S], Fan and Gottesman introduced the concept of normal base and have constructed a compactification for any regular space with a normal base [S]. The Fan-Gottesman compactification includes Wallman compactification of normal spaces and Aleksandrov one-point compactification of locally compact spaces as particular cases. The results in the present paper are mainly consequences of Fan-Gottesman Theorem [5, Theorem 11; other concepts employed are Aleksandrov compactification ciT of a completely regular space T [I], [7], W 11 a man H-closed extension w(X) of a Hausdorff space X, and the maximal binding families relative to all open sets in a space [5]. A new concept called pseudonormality, analogous to but weaker than normality, is introduced. A regular pseudonormal space is completely regular but the converse is untrue. There are pseudonormal spaces that are not normal, namely, the well-known Sorgenfrey plank, Tychonoff plank, and the Moore (Niemytzki) plane. As a real-valued continuous function f (bounded or unbounded) on a Hausdorff space X can be continuously extended over w(X), denoted by f, we will show that f has a unique extension [ on the collection X** of maximal binding families in X in some sense described below. A Hausdorff space X is weakly periphery-compact if and only if continuous functions j on w(X) separate points in w(X); and a regular space X is pseudonormal if and only if all Jon X* * separate points in X**. A Hausdorff space is completely regular if and only if for each pair (x, y), x E X, y E X**, and x # y, there is a continuous function f on X such that f(x) #J(y). A new construction for the Stone-Tech compactification j3T of a completely regular space T, based on the Wallman H-closed extension W(T), will be given and hence a new proof for the Stone-Tech extension theorem. The
An experimental study on the effects of crayfish on the predator-prey interaction between bass and sculpin.

1. We examined the hypothesis that in a one predator-two prey system, prey that share a common refuge might have indirect interactions mediated by their reciprocal effects on each other's refuge use. Our experiments were done in laboratory pools with plexiglas refuges, using predatory smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolemieui, that can consume crayfish, Orconectes putnami and mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi. 2. Bass consumed 35% of the sculpin in 36 h. Bass predation rates on sculpin were significantly reduced in the presence of crayfish; i.e., crayfish had an indirect positive effect on sculpin. Predation rates on cray fish were low (1.7% in 36 h) and were not affected by the presence of sculpin. 3. The indirect effect of crayfish on sculpin can be explained in terms of patterns of sculpin refuge use. When bass were present, but crayfish were absent, only 14% of the sculpin were in refuge. Instead of going into refuge, sculpin responded to bass by "freezing" in place, with most sculpin outside of refuge; that is, sculpin responded to bass presence by decreasing overall movement, including entry rate into refuge and exit rate out of refuge. In contrast, in the presence of crayfish, sculpin responded to bass by increasing their use of refuge. The presence of crayfish allowed sculpin to have a 10 fold increase in entry rate into refuge and a 2.5 fold increase in refuge use, relative to when crayfish were absent. We suggest that these increases occurred because crayfish drew the attention of the bass away from sculpin. 4. Crayfish did not alter their refuge use or movement patterns in response to the presence of either bass or sculpin. In retrospect, this is not surprising, given the low bass predation rates on crayfish.
Personality and psychopathology in an impulsive aggressive college sample

Certain personality traits have been associated with impulsive aggression in both college and community samples, primarily irritability, anger/hostility, and impulsivity. The literature regarding the psychopathology associated with impulsive aggression is relatively sparse and strongly emphasizes DSM-IV-TR [APA, 2000] Axis II personality disorders, although some comorbidity with Axis I clinical disorders has been reported. The current study compares impulsive aggressive ([A) college students, with their non-aggressive peers on several self-report measures of personality and psychopathology. Personality results were as predicted, with IAs scoring higher than controls on measures of impulsivity and aggression. Additionally, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), which was given for exploratory purposes, revealed a unique pattern of psychopathic traits in impulsive aggression that contained key differences from the callous-unemotional profile seen in premeditated aggression. Contrary to our hypothesis that a specific pattern of psychopathology (personality disorders, bipolar disorder, and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) would emerge for impulsive aggression, IAs scored significantly higher than controls on nearly every clinical scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, Depression. Mania. Schizophrenia, Borderline Features, Antisocial Features, Alcohol Problems, and Drug Problems), indicating a global elevation of psychopathology. In conclusion, while the personality traits and behaviors that characterize impulsive aggression are relatively consistent across individuals, its associated psychopathology is unexpectedly variable.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 81, 1997 Jul

— Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 81 lists 181 new meteorites. Noteworthy among these are a new lunar meteorite (Dar al Gani 262), four observed falls (Dong Ujimqin Qi, Galkiv, Mount Tazerzait, and Piplia Kalan), four irons (Albion, Great Sand Sea 003, Hot Springs, and Mont Dieu), two mesosiderites (Dong Ujimqin Qi and Lamont), an acapulcoite (FRO 95029), a eucrite (Piplia Kalan), two probably-paired ureilites (Dar al Gani 164 and 165), an R chondrite (Hammadah al Hamra 119), an ungrouped type-3 chondrite (Hammadah al Hamra 180), a highly unequilibrated ordinary chondrite (Wells, LL3.3), and a variety of carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites from Libya and Antarctica. All italicized abbreviations refer to addresses listed in the appendix.
Chronic exposure to opiate agonists increases proenkephalin biosynthesis in NG108 cells

The neuroblastoma-glioma NG108 cell line has been shown to contain both a delta-opiate receptor and enkephalin peptides. In this paper, the presence of authentic proenkephalin mRNA and proenkephalin-derived peptides are demonstrated. Growth of the cells in the presence of etorphine for 5-7 days resulted in a 3-fold increase of proenkephalin mRNA, which was accompanied by comparable increases in proenkephalin peptides and free enkephalin. The effect was mimicked by either morphine or [D-Ala2,D-Met5]enkephalinamide, and was blocked by naloxone. The EC50 for the effect of etorphine was 10(-9) M. The cyclic AMP content of cells grown for 5 days in the presence of etorphine was the same as that of control cells. Forskolin treatment also increased the proenkephalin mRNA content of the cells: the effect was not additive with that of etorphine, suggesting that the effect of opiate agonists was not occurring through their inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The results suggest that proenkephalin synthesis in NG108 cells can be regulated by two different mechanisms, one involving cyclic AMP while the other, regulated by the opiate receptor, is yet to be determined.
Legacy of the California Gold Rush: Environmental Geochemistry of Arsenic in the Southern Mother Lode Gold District

Gold mining activity in the Sierra Nevada foothills, both recently and during the California Gold Rush, has exposed arsenic-rich pyritic rocks to weathering and erosion. This study describes arsenic concentration and speciation in three hydrogeologic settings in the southern Mother Lode Gold District: mineralized outcrops and mine waste rock (overburden); mill tailings submerged in a water reservoir; and lake waters in this monomictic reservoir and in a monomictic lake developing within a recent open-pit mine. These environments are characterized by distinct modes of rock-water interaction that influence the local transport and fate of arsenic. Arsenic in outcrops and waste rock occurs in arsenian pyrite containing an average of 2 wt% arsenic. Arsenic is concentrated up to 1300 ppm in fine-grained, friable, iron-rich weathering products of the arsenian pyrite (goethite, jarosite, copiapite), which develop as efflorescences and crusts on weathering outcrops. Arsenic is sorbed as a bidentate complex on goet...
Effects of fibers on the crystallization of poly(phenylene sulfide)

The isothermal crystallization of unreinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and PPS filled with glass, carbon, and aramid fibers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The Avrami exponent and rate constant are reported, but the crystallization half-times were used to compare the effects of different fibers on the rate of PPS crystallization. The aramid and carbon fibers decreased the crystallization half-time with the aramid fiber having the most pronounced effect. The glass fibers affected the crystallization half-time only at the higher crystallization temperatures. The aramid filled PPS exhibited anomalous degree of crystallinity behavior in that the degree of crystallinity passed through a minimum as a function of temperature. The other systems all exhibited increasing degree of crystallinity with increasing crystallization temperature. Finally, the Avrami plot for the aramid filled PPS is not linear, and the data are fitted better with two linear regions indicating that two types of crystallization processes may be present.
Pigment and isozyme variation in aspen shoots regenerated from callus culture

Pigment as well as isozyme variations were observed among aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) plants regenerated from callus cultures. Out of more than 600 plantlets, two chimeric plants (one with green base and two albino shoots and the other with an albino shoot) were produced. Callus derived from albino shoots produced albino as well as chimeric plants when transferred to shoot inducing medium. Isozyme patterns of 119 plants were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. Thirty plants showed variation in shikimic dehydrogenase isozyme and 41 in isocitric dehydrogenase. Variation was also observed in malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucose isomerase. No variation was seen in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Pigment variation was not associated with any isozyme changes.
A morphologic and genetic analysis of Littorina saxatilis (Prosobranchia) from Venice, and on the problem of saxatilis—rudis nomenclature

Shell morphology and allozyme patterns of 17 enzymes are analysed within the isolated population of L. saxatilis Olivi (1792) from Venice, the type locality of the species. The shell morphology is compared to three different L. saxatilis phenotypes from Sweden, and showed to be similar to the brackish water ‘tenebrosa’ type. The Venice population is genetically more distant from British and Swedish populations than are the latter from each other. Less variability (heterozygosity) within the Venice compared to the Atlantic populations is probably a consequence of random genetic drift during a period of small population size. The nomenclature of L. saxatilis in the Atlantic is discussed and it is suggested that until the exact taxonomic relationship between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic populations has been confirmed by, for example, cross-breeding experiments, the name ‘saxatilis’ should be kept for the non-Venetian populations (described by Maton (1797) under the name ‘rudis’).
A review of recent work on filamentary structures

Abstract Contributions to the theory of filament-wound structures are reviewed. Some recent work on the mechanical properties of reinforced materials is surveyed.
Uniform asymptotic joint normality of a set of increasing number of sample quantiles

Type (B) d asymptotic normality of the joint distribution of sample quantiles is investigated when the number of sample quantiles increases as the sample size increases. This paper aims at a refinement of the original results by Ikeda and Matsunawa [3].
Non-Native scholars doing research in Native American communities: A matter of respect

Abstract This paper raises issues involved in doing research in partnership with Native American communities. The paper explores methodological concerns such as: access and cooperation, protocol, culturally appropriate methods, and ineffective methods. Integral to this discussion are the rights of the Native American communities and the responsibilities of the researchers. Specific topics include: getting started on a project, control of the research project, negotiating the release of the information gathered during the project, recognition for involvement in the research, and other ethical issues.
Designed catalysts from Pt nanoparticles supported on macroporous oxides for selective isomerization of n-hexane.

Selective isomerization toward branched hydrocarbons is an important catalytic process in oil refining to obtain high-octane gasoline with minimal content of aromatic compounds. Colloidal Pt nanoparticles with controlled sizes of 1.7, 2.7, and 5.5 nm were deposited onto ordered macroporous oxides of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and ZrO2 to investigate Pt size- and support-dependent catalytic selectivity in n-hexane isomerization. Among the macroporous oxides, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 exhibited the highest product selectivity, yielding predominantly branched C6 isomers, including 2- or 3-methylpentane, as desired products of n-hexane isomerization (140 Torr n-hexane and 620 Torr H2 at 360 °C). In situ characterizations including X-ray diffraction and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the crystal structures of the oxides in Pt/oxide catalysts were not changed during the reaction and oxidation states of Nb2O5 were maintained under both H2 and O2 conditions. Fourier transform infrared s...
Developmental expression pattern of the cdo gene

CDO is a cell-surface protein of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family that positively regulates myogenic differentiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the role of cdo during vertebrate development, we carried out an extensive in situ hybridization study to characterize its expression pattern from postimplantation to late stages of mouse embryogenesis and in rat brain from E13 to adult. Our results show a broad pattern of cdo expression that is spatially and temporally restricted during embryogenesis. In the central nervous system (CNS), cdo expression is detected as early as E7.5 and maintained in the dorsal ventricular zones of the brain and spinal cord, becoming increasingly restricted in the adult. High levels of cdo are detected in developing sensory organs, such as the eye and ear. Outside the CNS, cdo is expressed mainly in neural crest and mesodermal derivatives, including skeletal muscle precursors. Overall, the highest levels of cdo expression are seen from E9.0 to E15.5. The temporal onset and restricted expression of cdo suggest that cdo plays a role in the determination and/or differentiation of a number of cell types during embryogenesis.
Maternal zinc deficiency, but not copper deficiency or diabetes, results in increased embryonic cell death in the rat: implications for mechanisms underlying abnormal development.

The mechanism underlying the teratogenicity of maternal copper deficiency, zinc deficiency, and diabetes are largely unknown. Here we investigated whether these insults are associated with altered patterns of cell death in gestation day (GD) 11.0 rat embryos. Four weeks prior to mating, rats in the copper-deficient group (CuD) were fed a copper-deficient diet supplemented with the chelator, triethylenetetramine, to facilitate the depletion of tissue copper stores. Rats in this group were switched to a triethylenetetramine-free copper-deficient diet 1 week prior to mating. Dams in the diabetic and control groups were fed a control (8μg copper, 25 μg zinc/g) diet throughout the study. On GD 3.0, one subset of the control dams was assigned to the zinc-deficient group (ZnD) and fed a zinc-deficient diet. A second subset of control dams was assigned to a restricted fed group and fed the control diet in quantities consumed by the zinc-deficient dams. Litters were taken by cesarean section on GD 11.0 Embryos were examined for gross morphology and assessed for patterns of cell death using Nile blue sulfate. Embryos from the CuD dams were characterized by edematous hindbrain. Embryos from the diabetic group were characterized by delayed development. Altered patterns of cell death were only detected in embryos from the ZnD dams. Within the ZnD group, embryos were either characterized by small size, edematous head region, and control patterns of cell death, or normal size, normal morphology, and increased cell death. These different patterns of morphology and cell death in the embryos of ZnD dams were associated with different patterns of maternal food intake. These results support the concept that abnormal cell death may contribute to zinc deficiency-induced teratogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Synthesis of Ba- and Fe- Substituted CsAlSi2O6 Pollucites

Barium-substituted CsAlSi2O6 pollucites, CsxBa(1−x)/2AlSi2O6, and barium- and iron-substituted pollucites, CsxBa(1−x)/2AlxFe1−xSi2O6 and CsxBa1−xAlxFe1−xSi2O6 were synthesized with 1 ≥ x≥ 0.7 using a hydrothermal synthesis procedure. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the substitution of Ba for Cs and Fe for Al, respectively. The crystallographic analysis also describes the effects of three different types of pollucite substitutions on the pollucite unit cell: Ba2+ for Cs1+ cation results in little effect on cell dimensions, intermediate concentrations of Ba2+ and Fe3+ substitution result in net minor expansion due to Fe3+ addition, and large Ba and Fe substitutions result in overall framework contraction. Elemental analysis combined with microscopy further supports the phase purity of these new phases. These materials can be used to study the stability of CsAlSi2O6 as a durable ceramic waste form, which could accommodate with time Cs and its decay product, Ba. Furthermore, success in iron substitution for aluminum into the pollucite lattice predicts that redox charge compensation for Cs cation decay is possible.
A service-oriented system integration framework for community-based independent living spaces

Budget constraints, technological advances, and a growing elderly population are calling for major reforms in healthcare systems. The publicly managed and community-based independent living service provided for the elderly outside hospitals or long-term care institutions is a trend all over the world so that the healthcare systems would be sustainable in the future. We have started a long term initiative to integrate and develop innovative ICT solutions and construction technologies to provide quality and yet affordable supports for seniors to live safely and independently at their own homes. This paper presents some preliminary results on the development of a service-oriented system integration framework for community-based independent living spaces.
Isolating the role of mesoscale eddies in mixing of a passive tracer in an eddy resolving model

[1] This study examines the role of mesoscale eddies in distribution of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) in a numerical model of the North Atlantic. Our main conclusions are based on a comparison of two eddy-resolving experiments, one with and one without eddy advection of CFC. The CFC distributions in these two experiments exhibit substantial differences within the subpolar gyre. In particular, in the presence of eddies the horizontal distribution of CFC in the upper 1000 m is more uniform and the CFC concentration is lower in the lower 1500 m. Our analysis demonstrates that these basin-wide differences are caused by the interactions of eddy advection with convection and mean advection in several isolated locations. The corresponding eddy flux divergence terms are spatially non-uniform in magnitude; their effects are often nonlocal and sometimes work against the spreading of CFC being carried out by the mean advection. These conclusions are further confirmed by a third experiment, in which the eddy advection was replaced by a down-gradient diffusive parameterization. Our results demonstrate that advection by mesoscale eddies is crucial to the mixing of atmospheric gasses into the ocean, and outline difficulties in representing eddies by the down-gradient diffusion.
The role of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance of nekton on contiguous tidal fresh-water marshes

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in which submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) was either removed or added to tidal freshwater marsh creeks and nekton was sampled on adjacent marshes with flume nets. These experiments were designed to determine whether the presence of SAV in tidal creeks influences the abundance of fishes and grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis on contiguous marshes. In experiments where SAV was removed from tidal creeks, the number of grass shrimp on adjacent marshes decreased, but the average density of fishes, mostly mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) and banded killifish F. diaphanus (Lesueur), was not reduced. The abundance of grass shrimp increased on marshes where artificial SAV was added to adjacent tidal creeks without natural SAV, but the abundance of fish did not increase. The density of marsh plants and marsh elevation were investigated as additional factors that could influence the abundance of nekton on the marsh surface, but we found no evidence that these factors were important. We conclude that the proximity of SAV and the depth of adjacent tidal creeks are the most important factors that influence the abundance of nekton on tidal freshwater marshes.
Early treatment of acute stress disorder in children with major burn injury.

OBJECTIVE This study examines retrospectively the response rate of pediatric burn survivors with acute stress disorder to either imipramine or fluoxetine. METHODS On retrospective chart review, 128 intensive care unit patients (85 boys, 43 girls) with 52%+/- 20% total body surface area burn, length of stay of 32.8+/- 25.2 days, mean age of 9.1+/- 4.7 yrs, and age range of 13 months to 19 yrs met criteria for acute stress disorder after >or=2 days of symptoms and were treated with either imipramine or fluoxetine. If significant improvement did not occur within 7 days, the medication was either increased or switched to the other class. RESULTS Initially, 104 patients were treated with imipramine and 24 with fluoxetine. A total of 84 patients responded to imipramine: seven of these patients required a higher dose. A total of 18 patients responded to initial fluoxetine treatment. Of 26 nonresponders to the initial medication, 13 imipramine failures and one fluoxetine failure refused further treatment. The other 12 responded to the second medication. Therefore, 114 of 128 treated patients (89%) responded to either fluoxetine (mean dose, 0.30+/- 0.14 mg/kg) or imipramine (mean dose, 1.30+/- 0.55 mg/kg). Response was independent of sex and age but was less for those with burns of >60% total body surface area. The side effects of each medication were not significant. Most patients continued treatment for >or=3 months; some required 6 months of treatment before successful discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Early treatment of acute stress disorder with either imipramine or fluoxetine is often able to reduce its symptoms. This is a review of a single hospital's experience in managing psychiatric distress in this very high-risk group of burned children. Additional clinical studies are needed before generalizing these findings.
PERCEPTION OF EQUITY IN COMPENSATION PRACTICES: A RESEARCH NOTE

As women's understanding of work‐place discrimination evolved, their attention shifted from the problem of equal pay for equal work to the issue of comparable pay. This shift was premised on the realisation that even though the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was correcting pay inequities in substantially equivalent jobs held by both men and women, most female‐dominated jobs had no equivalent male comparisons and thus, were outside the scope of the Equal Pay Act. Mahoney (1983) defines Comparable Worth as “comparable pay for jobs of comparable worth.” (p.14). At the core of this definition is the contention that differences in pay that are disproportionate to differences in the worth of jobs amount to wage discrimination.
VISION-BASED DETECTION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FOR PURSUIT-EVASION GAMES

Abstract We present a vision-based algorithm for the detection of multiple autonomous vehicles for a pursuit-evasion game scenario. Our algorithm computes estimates of the pose of multiple moving evaders from visual information collected by multiple moving pursuers, without previous knowledge of the segmentation of the image measurements or the number of moving evaders. We evaluate our algorithm in pursuit-evasion games with unmanned ground and aerial vehicles.
On the solution of a lubrication problem with particulate solids

The lubrication characteristic of a fluid with solid particles is studied using the continuum theory of mixtures. The governing equations are formulated and appropriate boundary conditions are introduced for an arbitrary-shaped lubricant film thickness. As a special case, closed-form analytical perturbation solutions for pressure and shear stress are obtained for a mixture of a conventional oil and solid particles with small values of solid-volume fraction sheared in the clearance space of an infinitely long slider bearing. It is found that when compared with a pure fluid, the mixture of the fluid and solid generates a higher pressure and therefore a higher load-carrying capacity with the added advantage of a reduction in the coefficient of friction.
A basis for the difference in the inhibition of the uptake of various neutral amino acids by lysine in intestinal epithelial cells.

Abstract 1. 1. 1 mM lysine inhibited the uptake of 1 mM alanine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and histidine but not 1 mM valine, isoleucine, tryptophan and proline by epithelial cells isolated from rat intestine. 2. 2. A stimulation of lysine uptake by leucine or alanine was always accompanied by an inhibition of leucine or alanine uptake by lysine at amino acid concentrations between 1 and 10 mM. 3. 3. The lysine-induced increase of the movement of alanine out of alanine-loaded cells was independent of extracellular Na+. 4. 4. In the absence of extracellular Na+, 1 mM alanine uptake was not inhibited by 1 mM lysine but was inhibited by 1 mM leucine. 5. 5. The inhibition of 1 mM alanine uptake by lysine was essentially maximal at lysine concentrations as low as 1 mM. 6. 6. Lysine was a partially competitive inhibitor of alanine uptake. 7. 7. These results show a definite correlation between the properties of the lysine inhibition of neutral amino acid uptake and the stimulation of lysine uptake by neutral amino acids and are generally compatible with the operation of a hetero-exchange transport system between intracellular neutral amino acid and extracellular ysine.
Optimum polarization for polarization discrimination

The optimum polarization of a receiving antenna is defined as that which will reject the polarization of an unwanted signal whilst delivering maximum power when receiving a desired polarization. A method for determining this optimum polarization is given in the general case when the two signals are interdependent, and, in particular, when they are radar signals whose polarizations are functions of the polarization of the transmitted wave.
Measurement-based models of carbon nanotube networks

Measurement-based frequency-dependent circuit models for carbon nanotube networks are developed. The procedure of extraction include: fabricating planar transmission-line structures for microwave test where CNT networks replace the metallic traces; extracting the transmission-line complex impedance and propagation constant; computing the transmission line parameters per unit length: resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance; finally deducing circuit models for CNT networks.
Videogame Playing and Psychopathology

The popular press has suggested that video games may cause psychopathology. This study examined the relationship of videogame playing and several psychopathologies. This study found that high-rate videogame playing was not related to neuroticism, several measures of conduct disorders or other measures of pathology measured in this study. Frequent videogame players do not act out more often or have more drug- or school-related problems than infrequent players. Frequent players did seem to be more extraverted and to be less achievement-oriented than infrequent players. Videogame playing is probably an escapist or fun activity and did not seem to be related to psychopathology.
Examination of Erythrocyte I131-T4 and I131-T3 Uptake Test for Thyroid Function in Chickens.

Summary and discussionFrom the results of this work the in vitro erythrocyte I131-T3 uptake test was not useful for the measurement on thyroid function in chickens.Sodee(2) and Szabo(4) pointed out that the outcome of the test was dependent upon avoiding technical variations in the procedure. In the present investigation, temperature was controlled and the same treatment was given to all samples. According to Saxena et al(3), the use of propylthiouracil did not appear to alter the erythrocyte's ability to take up I131-T3; therefore, the use of propylthiouracil to produce hypothyroidism should not have affected the outcome of the test. It is possible that there were no differences in thyroid secretory rate among the 3 groups of chickens, since no parameters of thyroid function (PBI, I131 uptake or I131 release) were measured. However, since thyroid weights in mg% were significantly different among the 3 groups and the body weights in the propylthiouracil group were significantly low, it is improbable that ...
13C ENDOR Reveals That the D1 Polypeptide C-Terminus Is Directly Bound to Mn in the Photosystem II Oxygen Evolving Complex

Antiferromagnetically coupled MnIIIMnIV dimers have been commonly used to study biological systems that exhibit complex exchange interactions. Such is the case for the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII), where we have studied whether the C-terminal carboxylate of D1-Ala344 is directly bound to the Mn cluster. To probe these protein-derived carboxylate hyperfine interactions, which give direct bonding information, Q-band (34 GHz) Mims ENDOR was performed on a MnIIIMnIV dimer ([MnIIIMnIV(μ-O)2μ-OAc(TACN)2](BPh4)2) (1) that was labeled with 13C (I = 1/2) at the carboxylate position of the acetate bridge. Adip is computed based on atomic coordinates from available X-ray crystal structures to be [−2.4, −0.8, 3.2] MHz. The value for Aiso was determined based on simulation of the experimental ENDOR data, for complex 1 Aiso = −1 MHz. Similar studies were then performed on PSII from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in which all alanine-derived C═O groups are labeled with 13C including the C-terminal...
A Comparison of Shift-Share and the Ras Adjustment

It is argued that the RAS procedure applied to regions and industries performs a function similar to that of the shift-share technique, and that RAS has the advantage of a justification based on concepts from information theory.
Locating the initial in the vascular cambium of Pinus strobus L. by electron microscopy

The results of this investigation by electron microscopy on the vascular cambium in Pinus strobus L. confirm the results of earlier investigations by light microscopy. First, they showed that differences in the thickness of tangential walls of cambial cells exist and that these differences permit grouping of cells according to the sequence of the previous divisions of the initial. This, in turn, permits the site of the initial cell in the cambial zone to be deducted. The thicker distal tangential wall of the initial in the successive series of tissue production allows for precluding the direction in which the initial function proceeds, toward the xylem or toward the phloem. Second, it was demonstrated that immature xylem cells exist in groups of four, that immature phloem cells exist in pairs, and that at all times more cells are produced toward the xylem than toward the phloem. Third, it was shown that the extra-thick tangential wall in immature xylem serves as a landmark to signal the changeover in the initial function from phloem to xylem production.
Plasma etching of copper films at low temperature

Experimental verification of a low temperature (<20^oC), reactive plasma etch process for copper films is presented. The plasma etch process, proposed previously from a thermochemical analysis of the Cu-Cl-H system, is executed in two steps. In the first step, copper films are exposed to a Cl"2 plasma to preferentially form CuCl"2, which is volatilized as Cu"3Cl"3 by exposure to a H"2 plasma in the second step. Plasma etching of thin films (9nm) and thicker films (400nm) of copper has been performed; chemical composition of sample surfaces before and after etching has been determined by X-ray photoelectron and flame atomic absorption spectroscopies.
Designing tabletop activities for inquiry-based learning: lessons from phylogenetics, neuroscience and logistics

In this paper I discuss the lessons learnt from designing learning environments for science education. More specifically, I describe four projects I designed and (or) evaluated: Walden, a multi-touch multi-displays for informal science education; the Tinker Table, a Tangible User Interface for students in logistics; Phylo-Genie, a learning scenario for collaborative learning of phylogenetics; and finally BrainExplorer, a pen-based tabletop environment that enables direct interaction with a small-scale brain. I summarize my findings by defining 3 ways in which technology can enhance knowledge building for inquiry-based learning: via a "Representational Effect", by providing rich interaction techniques and by preparing for future learning.
Calcium-activated potassium channel of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta: molecular characterization and expression analysis.

SUMMARY Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-gated potassium channels (BK or Slowpoke) serve as dynamic integrators linking electrical signaling and intracellular activity. These channels can mediate many different Ca 2+ -dependent physiological processes including the regulation of neuronal and neuroendocrine cell excitability and muscle contraction. To gain insights into the function of BK channels in vivo , we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of a Slowpoke channel from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta ( msslo ). Amino acid sequence comparison of the deduced Manduca protein revealed at least 80% identity to the insect Slo channels. The five C-terminal alternative splice regions are conserved, but the cloned cDNA fragments contained some unique combinations of exons E, G and I. Our spatial profile revealed that transcript levels were highest in skeletal muscle when compared with the central nervous system (CNS) and visceral muscle. The temporal profile suggested that msslo expression is regulated developmentally in a tissue- and regional-specific pattern. The levels of msslo transcripts remain relatively constant throughout metamorphosis in the CNS, transiently decline in the heart and are barely detectable in the gut except in adults. A dramatic upregulation of msslo transcript levels occurs in thoracic but not abdominal dorsal longitudinal body wall muscles (DLM), suggesting that the msSlo current plays an important role in the excitation or contractile properties of the phasic flight muscle. Our developmental profile of msslo expression suggests that msSlo currents may contribute to the changes in neural circuits and muscle properties that produce stage-specific functions and behaviors.
Anion radicals of some fluorobiphenyls

Abstract Potassium 4,4′-difluorobiphenylide, 4-fluorobiphenylide and potassium 3,3′-difluorobiphenylide are stable at −80° in the tetrahydrofuran. 4-Chlorobiphenyl, 4-bromobiphenyl and 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl apparently react with potassium at low temperatures to form radicals which decompose immediately by halide elimination. The ESR spectra of the 4,4′-difluorobiphenylide and 3,3′-difluorobiphenylide radicals and the polarographic behaviour, p -band positions, and results of LCAOMO calculations for the parent, neutral compounds are reported.
The Biosynthesis of l-Arabinose in Plants: Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Golgi-Localized UDP-d-Xylose 4-Epimerase Encoded by the MUR4 Gene of Arabidopsis

The mur4 mutant of Arabidopsis shows a 50% reduction in the monosaccharide L-Ara in leaf-derived cell wall material because of a partial defect in the 4-epimerization of UDP-D-Xyl to UDP-L-Ara. To determine the genetic lesion underlying the mur4 phenotype, the MUR4 gene was cloned by a map-based procedure and found to encode a type-II membrane protein with sequence similarity to UDP-D-Glc 4-epimerases. Enzyme assays of MUR4 protein expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris indicate that it catalyzes the 4-epimerization of UDP-D-Xyl to UDP-L-Ara, the nucleotide sugar used by glycosyltransferases in the arabinosylation of cell wall polysaccharides and wall-resident proteoglycans. Expression of MUR4-green fluorescent protein constructs in Arabidopsis revealed localization patterns consistent with targeting to the Golgi, suggesting that the MUR4 protein colocalizes with glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of arabinosylated cell wall components. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three putative proteins with >76% sequence identity to MUR4, which may explain why mur4 plants are not entirely deficient in the de novo synthesis of UDP-L-Ara.
Circulation of the Giraffe

Observations on the circulatory functions of 4 giraffes are recorded. Both the right and the left heart were catheterized under local anesthesia with a miniature manometer. Cardiac output was determined by employing both indicator dilution method and the Fick principle. Other parameters, such as the circulation time, blood volume, velocity, right and left ventricular pressure ascent as well as the changes in blood pressure occurring with changes in the Posture of the head were recorded. The difficulties of the experiments created certain limitations in their interpretation. The arterial blood pressure is high by human standards and adequate to maintain cerebral perfusion without other means of support. The arterial pressure pulse contour suggests a relatively lax vascular bed with considerable reserve distensibility. Values for cardiac output and blood volume were roughly comparable to those recorded in domestic cattle of the same approximate weight.