cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between rhinosinusitis and asthma sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis comprises numerous disorders characterized by inflammation, mucous gland hyperplasia, and remodeling. Chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHES) is characterized by unrestrained proliferation of eosinophils, Th2-like lymphocytes, fibroblasts, goblet cells, and mast cells. The pathology of CHES is similar to that of asthma, and it is frequently diagnosed in association with asthma. It has been reported that exacerbations of CHES occur temporally with worsening of asthma; however, in the absence of well-controlled studies, this linkage remains unproven. In this article, the potential mechanisms linking these two diseases are examined.
Performance Comparison of Automatic Vehicle Identification and Inductive Loop Traffic Detectors for Incident Detection

TransGuide is San Antonios multifunctional citywide center that manages traffic through surveillance, incident detection/management, and dissemination of traffic information. This paper reviews aut...
What is Going on in Psychiatry When Nothing Seems to Happen

When I started my career in psychiatry, more than 20 years ago, nobody thought about cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, we thought of this disorder in terms of hallucinations and delusions. The prevailing idea was that of a “chemical imbalance” somewhere in the brain that one could correct with dopamine blockers. If we could only keep that dopamine down, we thought, patients with schizophrenia could live a normal life. Comparisons with hypertension and diabetes were ubiquitous, thus my generation built “clean” and “dirty” drugs that carpet bombed receptors far and near monoamine tracts in the brain. These drugs were blunt and worked on the receptors in sledgehammer-like fashion. Yet, there was a lot of optimism in the air, we were talking recovery and cure. The working hypothesis was something like this: our patients accidentally fell from the bicycle of life and bruised their knees. Our job was to bandage those knees and help them back on the bicycle after which they would live happily ever after. Fast forward to the present day: medications do indeed help acute symptomatology of schizophrenia, but do not make a dent in incidence, cognitive symptoms, or disability. This year alone 100,000 young people will have a first episode of schizophrenia and 5% of them will die by suicide. Sustained recovery is <14% within the first 5 years following a psychotic episode. In the past 3–4 years the new psychotropic drugs’ pipeline became dry. There are multiple reasons for this state of affairs, but the main one is the lack of success with new mechanisms of action of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs as well as lack of viable, measurable biological markers. In terms of new drugs for our patients, there will be few in the coming years. I believe that we are in a stagnation period that will probably last a decade or more.
Top-down fabrication of GaN-based nanorod LEDs and lasers

Although planar heterostructures dominate current optoelectronic architectures, 1D nanowires and nanorods have distinct and advantageous properties that may enable higher efficiency, longer wavelength, and cheaper devices. We have developed a top-down approach for fabricating ordered arrays of high quality GaN-based nanorods with controllable height, pitch and diameter. This approach avoids many of the limitations of bottom-up synthesis methods. In addition to GaN nanorods, the fabrication and characterization of both axial and radial-type GaN/InGaN nanorod LEDs have been achieved. The precise control over nanorod geometry achiveable by this technique also enables single-mode single nanowire lasing with linewidths of less than 0.1 nm and low lasing thresholds of ~250kW/cm2.
A Web Services-Based Cloud Interface Agent for Intelligent YOHO Information Processing

In this paper, a cloud interface agent with Web service techniques for intelligent YOHO information processing was presented. The agent is not only able to explore related technologies in order to establish Web service platforms, but it can also investigate the construction of cloud interactive diagrams using Web service techniques for extensively and seamlessly integrating backend YOHO information systems on the Internet. The preliminary system developments and tableaux show that the research results yield positive outcomes.
Improvement in arterial stiffness following cardiac rehabilitation

Abstract Background Exercise has been shown to beneficially alter arterial stiffness in selected clinical settings. However, the effects of a standardized exercise protocol – "cardiac rehabilitation (CR)" – on measures of arterial stiffness in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been well studied. Methods Using applanation tonometry, we studied arterial vascular properties in 26 men and 22 women (mean age 60.5±10.8years) with established CHD over a 20week CR program. All patients continued to receive their anti-anginal and vasoactive medications. In addition to standard hemodynamics we estimated central aortic pressure, central arterial pulsatility, augmentation index and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results After 20weeks of CR, there were no significant changes in resting heart rate or peripheral blood pressure. In 33 patients with at least two follow-up visits, central aortic systolic pressure was consistently lower than peripheral arterial blood pressure and decreased over the CR program time (baseline, 109±16mmHg; final, 105±14mmHg. p=0.01). Both carotid–radial (n=12) and carotid–femoral (n=21) — derived PWV decreased over the CR program (carotid–radial: baseline, 7.3±1.2m/s; final, 6.6±1.2m/s, p=0.028. carotid–femoral: baseline, 7.2±1.4m/s; final, 6.5±1.3m/s, p=0.02). Conclusions In this group of patients with established CHD, arterial PWV was noted to significantly decrease over a 20week CR program. This change occurred in the absence of detectable changes in peripheral blood pressure or heart rate. Decreases in PWV may serve as a sensitive indicator of improved arterial stiffness in patients with atherosclerotic arterial disease notwithstanding ongoing medical therapy.
Why the DFT is faster than the FFT for FDTD time-to-frequency domain conversions

Although it is a time-domain method, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used extensively for calculating frequency domain parameters such as specific absorption rate, radar cross-section, and S-parameters. When a broad frequency band is of interest, using a broad-band pulsed excitation can provide this frequency response with a single FDTD simulation. The frequency domain data can be calculated from the time domain data using either a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or a fast Fourier transform (FFT). This letter examines both methods and analyzes why the DFT is generally more efficient and easier to use than the FFT for FDTD time-to-frequency domain conversions. >
RECONSIDERING KENNETH B. CLARK AND THE IDEA OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGICAL DAMAGE, 1931–1945

One of the most controversial figures in Black intellectual history is psychologist Kenneth B. Clark. Prominently identified as the main proponent of the idea that racial segregation led to psychological damage in Black children, Clark's work heavily influenced the U.S. Supreme Court in its 1954Brown v. Board of Education school desegregation decision. Almost immediately afterwards, his research methods and conclusions were challenged as incomplete and biased. Scholars now argue that Clark and other racial liberals became solely wedded to the idea of racial psychological damage in order to secure victory in Brown. Yet a closer analysis of his thought reveals a more complex picture. During the early 1940s, he developed a new psychological concept which he called the “zoot effect.” He defined the zoot effect as the attempt by a person to gain psychological security in a society which mandated that individual's inferiority. The zoot effect or zoot personality reflected the larger society's pathology, which manifested itself internally in individuals. This concept was heavily shaped by ideas about race, class, and in particular the work of Alfred Adler, which he first learned as a student at Howard University. Using archival and secondary sources, I argue for a reconceptualization of Clark within the broader context of his social thought, suggesting that the zoot-effect concept grounded his research on Black children and set the stage for his later views on desegregation, civil rights, and American society.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Implications for the Pharmacist and Other Health Professionals

Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription-only medications is big business for pharmaceutical manufacturers and has altered the relationship between patients and health professionals. Seeing promotional messages from the manufacturer of a pharmaceutical can have both positive and negative impacts. These are discussed along with current efforts to control activities in this area as well as possible future developments.
Multiresolutional regularization of local linear regression over adaptive neighborhoods for color management

A multiresolutional regularization method is proposed for local linear regression that regularizes local mean squared-error by the mean squared-error of a larger neighborhood. The approach is similar in motivation to generalized Tikhonov regularization, but because the regularization trades-off between two like quantities, it is easier to interpret and specify the regularization parameter. Color management experiments with printers are used to compare the proposed regularized local linear regression to ridge regularization and generalized Tikhonov regularization. The local linear regressions use previously-validated adaptive neighborhoods. Results show that significant reductions in error can be achieved over the state-of-the-art.
2'-Phosphate cyclase activity of RtcA: a potential rationale for the operon organization of RtcA with an RNA repair ligase RtcB in Escherichia coli and other bacterial taxa.

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of a 3'-phosphate RNA end to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate via covalent enzyme-(histidinyl-Ne)-AMP and RNA(3')pp(5')A intermediates. Here, we report that Escherichia coli RtcA (and its human homolog Rtc1) are capable of cyclizing a 2'-phosphate RNA end in high yield. The rate of 2'-phosphate cyclization by RtcA is five orders of magnitude slower than 3'-phosphate cyclization, notwithstanding that RtcA binds with similar affinity to RNA3'p and RNA2'p substrates. These findings expand the functional repertoire of RNA cyclase and suggest that phosphate geometry during adenylate transfer to RNA is a major factor in the kinetics of cyclization. RtcA is coregulated in an operon with an RNA ligase, RtcB, that splices RNA 5'-OH ends to either 3'-phosphate or 2',3'-cyclic phosphate ends. Our results suggest that RtcA might serve an end healing function in an RNA repair pathway, by converting RNA 2'-phosphates, which cannot be spliced by RtcB, to 2',3'-cyclic phosphates that can be sealed. The rtcBA operon is controlled by the σ(54) coactivator RtcR encoded by an adjacent gene. This operon arrangement is conserved in diverse bacterial taxa, many of which have also incorporated the RNA-binding protein Ro (which is implicated in RNA quality control under stress conditions) as a coregulated component of the operon.
Growth and Metrology of Silicon Oxides on Silicon Carbide

Thermal oxidation of SiC by the afterglow method has opened new pathways of opportunity to address both thin film growth and defects that hinder electronic device development with this important semiconductor material. Oxide growth, with rates up to 700A per hour, on SiC has been demonstrated using this technique over a temperature range from 400°C to 1100°C at 1 Torr total pressure. Electrical and physical properties of oxide films grown by conventional means or by the afterglow method were obtained with a novel, non-contact charge-voltage (Q-V) metrology approach. This instrument employs a combination of incremental contact potential difference values obtained in response to applied corona charge generated from air. The slope of the Q-V characteristic within a bias range corresponding to accumulation of the semiconductor provides an effective dielectric permittivity value for the grown film. Effective permittivity values for afterglow oxides grown on SiC approach that of SiO2 grown on silicon substrates whereas the values for oxides grown on SiC in an atmospheric steam oxidation process are always depressed relative to SiO2 on silicon, indicating that the latter process always produces low-k oxides. A mechanistic discussion regarding these observed differences between the two oxidation methods is presented along with suggestions for an integrated process and metrology approach to reduce defects in oxide films on SiC.
Mutations in Multiple Domains Activate Paramyxovirus F Protein-Induced Fusion

SER virus, a paramyxovirus that is closely related to simian virus 5 (SV5), is unusual in that it fails to induce syncytium formation. The SER virus F protein has an unusually long cytoplasmic tail (CT), and it was previously observed that truncations or specific mutations of this domain result in enhanced syncytium formation. In addition to the long CT, the SER F protein has nine amino acid differences from the F protein of SV5. We previously observed only a partial suppression of fusion in a chimeric SV5 F protein with a CT derived from SER virus, indicating that these other amino acid differences between the SER and SV5 F proteins also play a role in regulating the fusion phenotype. To examine the effects of individual amino acid differences, we mutated the nine SER residues individually to the respective residues of the SV5 F protein. We found that most of the mutants were expressed well and were transported to the cell surface at levels comparable to that of the wild-type SER F protein. Many of the mutants showed enhanced lipid mixing, calcein transfer, and syncytium formation even in the presence of the long SER F protein CT. Some mutants, such as the I310 M, T438S, M489I, T516V, and N529K mutants, also showed fusion at lower temperatures of 32, 25, and 18°C. The residue Asn529 plays a critical role in the suppression of fusion activity, as the mutation of this residue to lysine caused a marked enhancement of fusion. The effect of the N529K mutation on the enhancement of fusion by a previously described mutant, L539,548A, as well as by chimeric SV5/SER F proteins was also dramatic. These results indicate that activation to a fusogenic conformation is dependent on the interplay of residues in the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain, and the CT domain of paramyxovirus F proteins.
So Much Depends: Printed Matter, Dying Words, and the Entropic Poem

627 I could never thank Herbert Blau enough for all of his invaluable guidance over the years in helping me to see—however ghostly or ghosted—something of what I’m trying to say in this essay. Also, my many talks with Daniel Listoe while working on this piece proved incredibly useful and, in the end, absolutely necessary. 1. Smithson visitedWilliams that day with the poet Irving Layton to discuss an introduction thatWilliams had agreed to write for a collection of Layton’s poems. So Much Depends: Printed Matter, Dying Words, and the Entropic Poem
A survey of the use of assessment instruments by eating disorder professionals in clinical practice

Accurate assessment is important in all phases of the treatment process, but there is little information about the assessment procedures utilized by those treating eating disorders in clinical practice. This study surveyed the assessment practices of eating disorder specialists. A brief questionnaire was sent to 480 eating disorder specialists in clinical practice; 95 were returned (19.8% return rate). The questionnaire asked specific questions about what assessment methods and measures they used for initial assessment and diagnosis as well as for treatment outcome. A significant minority of respondents used no validated measures at any stage of the assessment process, and even among those who did use well-validated assessment instruments, only a few instruments were used with any regularity. These results raise some potentially troubling issues concerning the typical assessment practices of clinicians. More collaboration between researchers and clinicians is needed to improve this situation.
Ibuprofen for Fever

To the Editor.— I am writing to voice concern about the use of ibuprofen for simple antipyresis in infants and young children. Although there have been enough data about the new liquid preparation to convince the Federal Drug Administration to release it, it must be recognized that the total number of infants and young children reported who have received this drug is far from massive. Recognition of aseptic meningitis as a complication of ibuprofen therapy1,2 and reports of metabolic acidosis as a complication of overdosage3 are both relatively recent events.
The Decline of Rural Industry Under Export Expansion: A Comparison among Burma, Philippines, and Thailand, 1870–1938

This paper endeavors to explain the economic and social forces underlying the economic transformation of three Southeast Asian countries from agrarian societies to commercial ones. In particular, a model is used to explore this historic behavior over the period 1870 to 1938 for Burma, the Philippines, and Thailand. It is also suggested that the varying economic consequences of the model were dependent on the respective pre-colonial history and the type of colonial or governmental rule.
Crisis, Conditions, and Capital The Effect of International Monetary Fund Agreements on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows

A selection model for 68 countries between 1970 and 1998 is used to test the impact of International Monetary Fund(IMF) programs on international capital markets and examine how agreements are perceived by multinational investors. Results reveal that even after controlling for the factors that lead countries to seek IMF support, IMF agreements lead to lower levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). Countries that sign IMF agreements, ceteris paribus, attract 25% less FDI inflows than countries not under IMF agreements.
Estimation of evolutionary parameters using short, random and partial sequences from mixed samples of anonymous individuals

Over the last decade, next generation sequencing (NGS) has become widely available, and is now the sequencing technology of choice for most researchers. Nonetheless, NGS presents a challenge for the evolutionary biologists who wish to estimate evolutionary genetic parameters from a mixed sample of unlabelled or untagged individuals, especially when the reconstruction of full length haplotypes can be unreliable. We propose two novel approaches, least squares estimation (LS) and Approximate Bayesian Computation Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation (ABC-MCMC), to infer evolutionary genetic parameters from a collection of short-read sequences obtained from a mixed sample of anonymous DNA using the frequencies of nucleotides at each site only without reconstructing the full-length alignment nor the phylogeny. We used simulations to evaluate the performance of these algorithms, and our results demonstrate that LS performs poorly because bootstrap 95 % Confidence Intervals (CIs) tend to under- or over-estimate the true values of the parameters. In contrast, ABC-MCMC 95 % Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals recovered from ABC-MCMC enclosed the true parameter values with a rate approximately equivalent to that obtained using BEAST, a program that implements a Bayesian MCMC estimation of evolutionary parameters using full-length sequences. Because there is a loss of information with the use of sitewise nucleotide frequencies alone, the ABC-MCMC 95 % HPDs are larger than those obtained by BEAST. We propose two novel algorithms to estimate evolutionary genetic parameters based on the proportion of each nucleotide. The LS method cannot be recommended as a standalone method for evolutionary parameter estimation. On the other hand, parameters recovered by ABC-MCMC are comparable to those obtained using BEAST, but with larger 95 % HPDs. One major advantage of ABC-MCMC is that computational time scales linearly with the number of short-read sequences, and is independent of the number of full-length sequences in the original data. This allows us to perform the analysis on NGS datasets with large numbers of short read fragments. The source code for ABC-MCMC is available at https://github.com/stevenhwu/SF-ABC .
Preparation, structure, and fracture modes of Pb-Sn and Pb-In terminated flip chips attached to gold-capped microsockets

The author discusses the effects of selecting nickel, deposited from an electroless phosphorus-based bath, as the base metal to achieve solder wetting in solder-bump, flip-chip interconnection technology. Specifically discussed are the degrading effects on solder wetting due to precipitate formation during process thermal exposure and a method to prevent the problem. The role of a thick-gold overlay, referred to as a gold cap, in preventing degraded solder wetting is considered. Also addressed are the overall metallurgical characteristics of both lead-tin and lead-indium C-4 (controlled collapse chip connection) joints and their relation to performance (i.e. fracture mode and fatigue life). >
Effect of scattering on the transonic solution topology and intrinsic variability of line-driven stellar winds

For line-driven winds from hot, luminous OB stars, we examine the subtle but important role of diffuse, scattered radiation in determining both the topology of steady-state solutions and intrinsic variability in the transonic wind base. We use a smooth source function formalism to obtain nonlocal, integral expressions for the direct and diffuse components of the lineforce that account for deviations from the usual localized, Sobolev forms. As the scattering source function is reduced, we find the solution topology in the transonic region transitions from X-type, with a unique wind solution, to a nodal type, characterized by a degenerate family of solutions. Specifically, in the idealized case of an optically thin source function and a uniformly bright stellar disk, the unique X-type solution proves to be a stable attractor to which timedependent numerical radiation-hydrodynamical simulations relax. But in models where the scattering strength is only modestly reduced, the topology instead turns nodal, with the associated solution degeneracy now manifest by intrinsic structure and variability that persist down to the photospheric wind base. This highlights the potentially crucial role of diffuse radiation for the dynamics and variability of line-driven winds, and seriously challenges the use of Sobolev theory in the transonic wind region. Since such Sobolev-based models are commonly used in broad applications like stellar evolution and feedback, this prompts development of new wind models, not only for further quantifying the intrinsic variability found here, but also for computing new theoretical predictions of global properties like velocity laws and mass-loss rates.
Classification of Human Gaze in Spatial Guidance and Control

Visual gaze movement is one of the main processes in human interaction with the physical environment, and is a manifestation of the visual perception process. In humans, the interaction of gaze with environment involves mainly three patterns including fixation, smooth pursuit and saccade. This paper investigates two classification techniques to identify gaze patterns: an empirical threshold method and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). A registration process was initially performed to transform the gaze and environmental visual cues into a common coordinate system, which provides an additional feature to construct gaze models. With the gaze models, the HMM method accurately identifies gaze patterns in gaze trajectories, and in addition enables three types of applications. One is the detailed analysis of visuo-motor control behavior. The second is gaze-mediated teleoperation, showing the real-time capability of the gaze classification method. The third is the application to surgery tasks, enabling surgical skill analysis.
Making Patient Safety and a 'Homelike' Environment Compatible: A Challenge for Long Term Care Regulations

This article examines the topic of resident safety in long term care, concentrating particularly on nursing facilities. The article asserts that, although the LTC industry and its regulators may learn much from hospitals' extensive experiences and efforts in the patient safety realm, these lessons are fundamentally limited because of an array of important distinctions between acute care and LTC in the United States. These distinctions carry major implications for devising and implementing effective legal and non-legal strategies to achieve the highest degree of LTC resident safety consistent with all the other important social values we desire the LTC system to protect and promote.
Disulfide-Bond-Forming Pathways in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Disulfide bonds are important for the stability and function of many secreted proteins. In Gram-negative bacteria, these linkages are catalyzed by thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (Dsb) in the periplasm. Protein oxidation has been well studied in these organisms, but it has not fully been explored in Gram-positive bacteria, which lack traditional periplasmic compartments. Recent bioinformatics analyses have suggested that the high-GC-content bacteria (i.e., actinobacteria) rely on disulfide-bond-forming pathways. In support of this, Dsb-like proteins have been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but their functions are not known. Actinomyces oris and Corynebacterium diphtheriae have recently emerged as models to study disulfide bond formation in actinobacteria. In both organisms, disulfide bonds are catalyzed by the membrane-bound oxidoreductase MdbA. Remarkably, unlike known Dsb proteins, MdbA is important for pathogenesis and growth, which makes it a potential target for new antibacterial drugs. This review will discuss disulfide-bond-forming pathways in bacteria, with a special focus on Gram-positive bacteria.
UTILIZING A MULTI - TECHNIQUE, MULTI – TAXA APPROACH TO MONITORING WILDLIFE PASSAGEWAYS IN SOUTHERN VERMONT

Roadways affect wildlife habitat disproportionate to the area of land they occupy impacting wildlife through the loss and fragmentation of habitat, road mortality and disruption of movement. A variety of strategies have been used with mixed success to mitigate the impacts of transportation systems on wildlife. Underpasses are commonly used to facilitate movement of wildlife across roadways in Europe, Australia, Canada and the U.S. Through 2005, 460 terrestrial and 300 aquatic crossing structures have been identified throughout the United States but only a small portion of these crossings had monitoring incorporated into their project design. Most monitoring is limited to wildlife use of passage structures with little data collected on movement through the adjacent landscape. Data on the movement of individual animals through a passage structure is, at best, only an indirect measure of the success of a mitigation project. Mitigation success should be defined not only by what uses passage structures but also by assessing what animals fail to use the structures. Building on prior studies, this project takes a broad, multi--taxa approach to monitoring crossing structures on a newly constructed highway (the Bennington Bypass) in southern Vermont. We used a variety of techniques to assess movements of an array of species at two passage structures associated with the highway as well as in the surrounding landscape. Techniques used in our study include: small mammal trapping, track beds/plates, remote camera sensing, snowtracking and road kill surveys. By monitoring a wide variety of animal movements rather than focusing exclusively on the use of passages by wildlife we believe we can more accurately assess the effectiveness of the mitigation structures.
Flexible Acoustical Device to Detect Feeding Sounds of Caribbean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae in Mango, Cultivar Francis

A flexible detector that transmits feeding sounds of larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is described. The detector was tested on mango, Mangifera indica L., cultivar ‘Francis,’ which is elongated in shape and compressed laterally. Flexibility eliminates the need for different detectors for each mango size. The detector can be constructed to fit spherical mangos of different sizes or other commodities such as citrus, pome fruits, and stone fruits.
Control of the Green Peach Aphid and Suppression of Leaf Roll on Potatoes by Systemic Soil Insecticides and Multiple Foliar Sprays

Systemic insecticides were applied to the soil on each side of potato seed pieces at planting time and/or were sidedressed into the soil when 75% of the plants emerged, and multiple foliar sprays were applied to obtain seasonal control of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the suppression of potato leaf roll virus on ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes in eastern Washington. Aldicarb gave superior control of aphids and suppressed spread of the virus; disulfoton gave fair control of aphids, but not much suppression of potato leaf roll virus; and phorate did not give sufficient control of aphids or the disease. The 2 applications of the systemic insecticides were more effective than either single application. Endosulfan and oxydemetonmethyl as foliar sprays (2-5 applications) gave better control of aphids than demeton and disulfoton but none significantly suppressed spread of the virus. All applications of systemic insecticides in combination with multiple applications of foliar spray gave significant control of aphids, and most treatments significantly suppressed the spread of disease.
Value Selection of Slenderness Ratio and Diameter-Thickness Ratio of Steel Tube for 1000 kV Transmission Steel Tubular Tower Legs

Taking typical steel tubular tower for 1 000 kV power transmission and transformation project from South Anhui to Shanghai, which adopts the form of double circuit on the same tower, as research object, a finite-element model for beam-rod mixed unit of the tower is established, then the stress of the main material for tower body is calculated.Calculation results show that the impacting extent of bending moment at rod end on the stress of main material is closely related with the diameter-thickness ratio of steel material;by means of statistics and analysis, the correspondence between slenderness ratio and stress is given.Based on the results of calculation and analysis and comparing design standards applied in China and other countries, the suggestion on value selection of cross-sectional diameter-thickness ratio of circular tube used as the main press bending material of the tubular tower is proposed.The results of this research are available for reference to the structural optimization of tubular tower used in 1 000 kV power transmission projects in China.
Pulmonary lesions associated with oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

Summary The pathologic changes in the lung following the administration of high concentrations of oxygen to dogs with acute myocardial infarction have been studied. Controlled ventilation with 100 per cent oxygen for a period of 6 hours, in the presence of acute myocardial infarction, resulted in severe pulmonary congestion and death in 70 per cent of the animals. Hyperbaric oxygenation (3 ATA) for a period of 2 hours after acute myocardial infarction resulted in the same high mortality, and the pulmonary changes were even more pronounced. Histologic sections revealed the presence of changes described as typical of “oxygen lung toxicity.” No such lung changes were found in dogs with acute myocardial infarction that were ventilated with room air. Administration of high concentrations of oxygen to normal dogs without acute myocardial infarction for the same periods of time resulted in no ill effects.
Marker structure and recombination substrate environment influence conversion preference of broken and unbroken alleles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Double-strand break (DSB)-induced gene conversion was investigated using plasmid × chromosome (P × C) and chromosomal direct-repeat recombination substrates with markers arranged such that functional (selected) products could not arise by long-patch mismatch repair initiated from the DSB. As seen previously with analogous substrates, these substrates yield products with discontinuous conversion tracts, albeit at low frequency. Most conversion tracts were of minimum length, suggesting that heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) is limiting, or that co-repair imposes selective pressure against products with more extensive hDNA. When functional products can arise by long-patch mismatch repair, the broken allele is converted in nearly all products. In contrast, in the absence of long-patch mismatch repair, unbroken alleles are frequently converted, and we show that such conversion depends on both marker structure (i.e., long palindromic vs. non-palindromic insertions) and the chromosomal environment of the recombination substrate. We propose that conversion of unbroken alleles is largely a consequence of the segregation of unrepaired markers, and that differences in mismatch repair efficiency underlie the observed effects of marker structure and chromosome environment on allele conversion preference.
Tuberous Sclerosis and Bilateral Renal Angiomyolipomas: A Case Report and Literature Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare multisystemic genetic disorder associated with the development of benign hamartomas. Angiomyolipomas are one such characteristic finding that may be seen in 55–80% of tuberous sclerosis complex patients. While being normally asymptomatic, they can also cause significant morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex and recently discovered bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, admitted for hematuria who underwent left renal artery embolization; however, worsening renal function necessitated subsequent nephrectomy. Despite still being mainstays of treatment, invasive interventions are now being recommended for specific patient populations as demonstrated in our case. Emerging strategies targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been shown to reduce the size of angiomyolipomas and are now used to treat asymptomatic cases >3 cm. Our review discusses these treatment options with the intention of increasing awareness of current recommendations and hopefully leading to increased application of these novel therapies that will reduce the need for invasive interventions.
Serotonin-induced Vasoconstriction and Contractile Synergism with Noradrenaline: Role of α-Adrenoceptors

Serotonin acts primarily on serotonin receptors in most vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. However, this important endogenous substance has two additional actions: it elicits contraction by stimulating a-adrenoceptors in a number of tissues, and it amplifies the vasoconstrictor response to α-adrenoceptor agonists. In the present review, studies of these latter two actions of serotonin are outlined; it is proposed that these actions may be interrelated.
Arithmetic integration of decision procedures

Decision procedures are algorithms that can determine validity or satisfiability of first-order formulas in a given decidable theory. They can efficiently discharge a large number of formulas in specific theories without any user guidance. Therefore they are at the heart of virtually every verification system, reasoning about the system behaviors, proving their safety or finding situations that could lead to bugs. This thesis offers novel solutions to an important class of decision problems, the mixed constraints on data structures and their quantitative properties. It includes three major contributions. (1) Decision Procedures for Term Algebras with Integer Arithmetic. Term Algebras can model a variety of tree-like data types such as records, lists, stacks, etc., which are essential constructs in programming languages. We developed the basic reduction technique, namely, extraction of accurate integer constraints from data constraints. From the construction of accurate integer constraints that precisely characterize data constraints, we can derive decision procedures for combined constraints by utilizing decision procedures for data structures and decision procedures for integer arithmetic. (2) Decision Procedures for Queues with Integer Arithmetic. Queue is a typical data type of linear structure and is widely used in programming languages and forms the basis for many concurrent algorithms and communication protocols. As a queue can grow at both ends, it does not fall in the category of recursive data structures, which can be modeled as term algebras. For this reason, we have further improved the reduction technique and developed new normalization procedures to handle the distinguished properties of queues. (3) Decision Procedures for Knuth-Bendix Order. Using quantifier elimination and the reduction technique developed for solving the combined constraints of term algebras and integer arithmetic, we proved the decidability of the first-order theory of Knuth-Bendix Order, thereby solving a long-standing open problem in term rewriting (officially listed as RTA open problem 99 since 2000). Knuth-Bendix order is widely used in term rewriting and theorem proving, along with lexicographic path order. Unfortunately, the first-order theory of lexicographic path order is undecidable. Therefore, our result on the decidability of Knuth-Bendix order may greatly benefit future algorithm design in term rewriting and theorem proving.
Is There a “Right” Drug to Choose When the Blood Pressure Is Low and More Volume Is not the Answer in a Pediatric Patient?

The choice of vasoactive medications in the setting of sepsis or systemic inflammation is an important one. Although there are no clear randomized controlled trials in children that demonstrate a clear better choice, the use of dopamine impacts anterior pituitary function and epinephrine does not. This discussion highlights the potential for harm dopamine exerts on the endocrine response to illness.
The 36 V Bipolar: $\beta \times V_{a} \times \text {fT} \times \text {BV} \times \text {JfT} \times$ Linearity Tradeoff

This paper reports on the optimization of a 36 V complimentary bipolar design by using a new depletion mode field-effect architecture for the collector of the bipolar that greatly expands the boundary of the familiar tradeoffs. This achieves an n-p-n with a measured $\vert \beta $ at 1 V $\times V_{a}$ at 18 $\text{V}\vert = \vert 270\times1100\,\,\text{V}\vert $ , a JfT at 1 V = $28.7\,\,\mu \text{A}\mu \text{m}^{\mathrm {\mathbf {-2}}}$ , and $\vert $ fT at 1 V $\times $ BV $\vert = \vert 2.6$ GHz $\times58\,\,\text{V}\vert $ , with a p-n-p having a $\vert \beta $ at 1 V $\times V_{a}$ at 18 $\text{V}\vert = \vert 250\times800\,\,\text{V}\vert $ , a JfT at 1 V = $27.0\,\,\mu \,\,\text{A}\mu \text{m}^{\mathrm {\mathbf {-2}}}$ , and $\vert $ fT at 1 V $\times $ BV $\vert = \vert 1.9$ GHz $\times69\,\,\text{V}\vert $ . While these performance enhancements appear to offer a lot with little expense, they do serve to reveal an additional tradeoff between $\beta \times V_{a} \times $ fT $\times $ BV $\times $ JfT and Linearity. This is where the curvature of the forward output characteristic curves quantified by the extrapolated Early voltage significantly changes over the voltage range $\vert 0$ –10 $\text{V}\vert $ . Through the use of measured silicon results with calibrated TCAD simulations, the physics behind this depletion mode collector design is explained, and using this understanding, it ultimately shows how it is possible to limit the range of the associated nonlinear performance for low collector biases. Then, keeping linearity as a key performance target together with the field-effect architecture, the 36 V bipolar is rebalanced to achieve an n-p-n with a $\vert \beta $ at 1 V $\times V_{a}$ at 18 V $\times $ fT at 1 V $\times $ JfT at 1 V $\times $ BV $\times $ Linearity $\vert = \vert 270 \times 220$ V $\times2.6$ GHz $\times 28.7\,\,\mu \text{A}\mu \text{m}^{\mathrm {\mathbf {-2}}} \times47$ V $\times $ (0.2–30 V) Linearity $\vert $ , and a p-n-p with a $\vert \beta $ at 1 V $\times V_{a}$ at 18 V $\times $ fT at 1 V $\times $ JfT at 1 V $\times $ BV $\times $ Linearity $\vert = \vert 185\times180$ V $\times1.8$ GHz $\times 27\,\,\mu \text{A}\mu \text{m}^{\mathrm {\mathbf {-2}}} \times 45$ V $\times $ (0.2–30 V) Linearity $\vert $ .
"Letting Go": From Ancient to Modern Perspectives on Relinquishing Personal Control-A Theoretical Perspective on Religion and Coping with Cancer.

The concept of “letting go” or relinquishing control has a long intellectual history, including the earliest Taoist writings, long-standing religious traditions, modern conceptualizations of religious coping, and current psychological control theory. This paper briefly traces the ancient roots of “letting go,” with an emphasis on Stoic philosophers, and plants it firmly in current control theory and religious coping research, with a focus on its more modern conceptualization, that of secondary control. Presenting the theoretical perspective, which is grounded in religious conceptions of control of outcomes integrated with modern control theory in psychology, is the main goal of this paper. However, the theoretical integration is bolstered by some initial descriptive findings based on cancer patients and survivors. This integration of religious coping and psychological theory has important implications for testing the utility of personal control and God-referenced control as ways to cope with the uncertainties of a serious illness such as cancer. Finally, the theory and descriptive findings lay the groundwork for future empirical studies and the development of counseling interventions.
Imidacloprid: A Neonicotinoid Insecticide

Publisher Summary Imidacloprid is the most well-known and widely used representative of the neonicotinoid insecticides. It is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide, with excellent systemic and contact activity that supports its use on many food crops, turf, and ornamentals and for termite and flea control. They are designed to act on nicotinic receptors to control insect pests and, at the same time, to express low toxicity to vertebrate species. This chapter explores the toxicokinetics, chemistry, and neurotoxicity. By oral administration, imidacloprid is rapidly absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and excreted, primarily via the urine. There are two major routes of metabolism in mammals. The first involves oxidative cleavage to imidazolidine and 6-chloronicotinic acid, with the imidazolidine moiety excreted via the urine. The second substantive route in the biotransformation of imidacloprid involves the hydroxylation of the intact molecule in the imidazolidine ring, followed by the elimination of water and the formation of an unsaturated metabolite. Imidacloprid is absorbed and widely distributed to organs within 1 h following oral administration to rats. Imidacloprid was determined to produce minimal evidence of toxicity by acute dermal and inhalation routes of exposure and moderate acute toxicity by acute oral administration. Imidacloprid is not an irritant and does not produce evidence of dermal sensitization. Acute toxicity is characterized by nicotinic signs at relatively high levels of exposure. Due to its high insecticidal potency and relatively low mammalian toxicity, imidacloprid has a very high margin of safety. Imidacloprid is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it is not a primary embryotoxicant, is not teratogenic, and has no effect on reproduction or development.
Primary and acquired resistance to biologic therapies in gastrointestinal cancers

Improvements in the understanding of cancer biology have led to therapeutic advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Drugs which target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways have led the way in colon cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as bevacizumab, ramucirumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab, have improved progression free survival and overall survival (OS) for colorectal cancers and were quickly adopted. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has demonstrated significant benefit for gastroesophageal cancers and in the setting of HER2 amplification, trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has become the standard of care. However, responses have not been as durable nor as robust as once hoped. Mechanisms of resistance for each of these biologic compounds have been hypothesized and are in the process of being better elucidated. This review will approach the innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance of the above compounds. Additionally, we will explore some ongoing clinical trials to capitalize on the mechanisms of resistance in the hopes of retaining the promise of targeting these pathways.
E-070 Acute visual decline treated with urgent venous sinus stenting as opposed to high volume csf diversion in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypotension

Background and Purpose In severe cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), patients may present with life-altering papilledema and visual loss. IIH-associated optic neuropathy is a result of prolonged increased CSF pressure within the optic nerve sheath. The primary goal in managing patients with IIH is to avoid irreversible vision loss (in addition to reducing the intensity of other debilitating symptoms, such as severe headaches and tinnitus). The majority of patients with IIH have demonstrable venous sinus stenosis, potentially producing intracranial hypertension as a result of impaired CSF absorption. While the role of transverse sinus stenosis in IIH pathogenesis remains controversial, modeling studies and accumulating clinical experience suggests that stent placement within a transverse sinus stenosis with a significant pressure gradient decreases cerebral venous pressure, and may rapidly improve CSF pressure, improving the symptoms of IIH and reducing papilledema. As such, endovascular treatment of venous stenoses may be an effective alternative to CSF diversion and optic nerve sheath fenestration. Early clinical results illustrate comparable or superior results for both headache and visual symptoms after venous sinus stenting (VSS) in comparison with optic nerve sheath fenestration and CSF diversion. In a recent meta-analysis, VSS had higher rates of visual improvement and papilledema improvement than optic nerve sheath fenestration. We report three cases of acute visual decline treated by stent placement in transverse sinus stenosis with subsequent reversal of symptoms. Materials and Methods We reviewed the clinical, venographic, ophthalmological and intracranial pressure data before and after stent placement in transverse sinus stenosis in 3 patients with IIH with acute visual decline unresponsive to maximum acceptable medical treatment. Results Clinical, venographic, ophthalmological and intracranial pressure data demonstrated marked improvement following TSS. Conclusions: Transverse sinus stenting appears to be an effective treatment alternative and may obviate CSF diversion in patients with acute visual deterioration due to IIH. Disclosures: G. Deib: None. A. Moghekar: None. M. Luciano: None. A. El Mekabaty: None. E. Obusez: None. B. Barnett: None. F. Hui: None.
Kinematics of variable topology truss using affine coordinate transformation

Affine coordinate transformation is used to describe the kinematics of variable topology truss. The relation between topology space and affine transformation matrix is investigated. We can obtain the nodes position of VTT based on length of members, one position sensor and two orientation sensors.