cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of diuretic action of Pamabrom (2-amino-2-methyl-propanol-1-8-bromotheophylline) in cardiac failure☆

Abstract 1. 1. Eighteen cases of chronic congestive heart failure were given Pamabrom as a diuretic agent. One patient was lost in the follow-up, and four received only a short term trial. 2. 2. Medication was discontinued in four cases because of nausea and vomiting; in one, because of diarrhea; in one, because of skin rash; in one, because of gross hematuria (possibly unrelated). 3. 3. Two patients of the eighteen studied exhibited good diuretic response. Medication was discontinued in one because of acute pyelonephritis, probably unrelated to the drug. 4. 4. In the remaining six patients, significant diuresis, manifested by weight loss or maintenance of weight with a reduction in requirement of mercurial diuretic, was not observed.
Lumbar Spondylolysis A Study of Natural Progression in Athletes

We examined the natural course of athletically active young people with back pain and a diagnosis of spondylolysis (stress fracture of the pars interarticularis of the facet joint of the lumbar spine). We limited the study to those with "subtle" fractures (normal radiographs and positive bone scans) and used computed tomography scanning to further characterize this lesion and to determine whether we could demonstrate healing in this population. The study group included 40 patients with low back pain and a diagnosis of spondylolysis by nuclear medicine study. Computed tomography scans were performed with both traditional cuts and reverse-gantry angled cuts to help determine long-term treatment and prognosis. Forty-five percent of patients (18) demonstrated chronic nonhealing fractures, 40% (16) demonstrated acute fractures in various stages of healing, and 15% (6) demonstrated no obvious fractures. With the diagnosis of spondylolysis being fairly common in young athletes with low back pain, primary care physicians need to have a high index of suspicion in making the diagnosis. Computed tomography scans can play a very important role in diagnosis, assessment of the defect, short-term and long-term management decisions, and in determining prognosis.
Evidence for an electrogenic ion transport pump in cells of higher plants.

Cyanide (CN) and dinitrophenol (DNP) rapidly depolarize the cells of oat coleoptiles (Avena sativa L., cultivar Victory) and of pea epicotyls (Pisum sativum L., cultivar Alaska); the effect is reversible. This indicates that electrogenesis is metabolic in origin, and, since active transport is blocked in the presence of CN and DNP, perhaps caused by interference with ATP synthesis, that development of cell potential may be associated with active ion transport. Additional evidence for an electrogenic pump is as follows. (1) Cell electropotentials are higher than can be accounted for by ionic diffusion. (2) Inhibition of potential, respiration, andactive ion transport is nearly maximal, but a potential of −40 to −80 mV remains. This is probably a passive diffusion potential since, under these conditions, a fairly close fit to the Goldman constant-field equation is found in oat coleoptile cells.
Recent Trends in Epistaxis Management in the United States: 2008-2010

Importance The treatment of epistaxis is variable. It is important to analyze the effect of the available interventions on patient outcomes. Objective To determine demographic, management, and outcome trends in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of epistaxis and treated with conservative management, nasal packing, arterial ligation, or embolization. Design, Setting, and Participants A review of the data reported by hospitals to the 2008-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of epistaxis was conducted. Interventions Conservative management, nasal packing, arterial ligation, or embolization for epistaxis control. Main Outcomes and Measures Descriptive statistics for hospital and patient demographic data. Multivariate models were constructed to compare treatment modalities, controlling for patient- and hospital-level variation while reporting the treatment outcomes of mortality, stroke, blindness, length of stay, and total cost. Comparisons were made between patients undergoing embolization, surgical ligation, or nasal packing. Descriptive statistics for patients treated conservatively are reported. Results A total of 57 039 cases of primary epistaxis were identified. Of these, 21 872 patients (38.3%) were treated conservatively, 30 389 (53.3%) received nasal packing or cauterization, 2706 (4.7%) underwent arterial ligation, and 1956 (3.4%) underwent embolization The odds of stroke in patients following embolization were significantly higher than in patients who underwent nasal packing (odds ratio, 4.660; P = .003), with no significant difference seen compared with surgical ligation ( P = .70). There were no significant differences in the odds of mortality or blindness between any of the study groups. Patients undergoing embolization incurred the highest total hospital costs, nearly doubling the cost of ligation ( P P = .20). Conclusions and Relevance Treatment for epistaxis is highly variable. No significant differences in clinical outcomes were noted between arterial ligation and embolization in the population studied, although embolization resulted in significantly higher costs. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate variables affecting outcomes of the various treatment options for epistaxis.
Effect of primary prophylactic G-CSF use on systemic therapy administration for elderly breast cancer patients

Effective systemic therapy is vital for successful breast cancer treatment, but early onset toxicities like neutropenia hinder systemic therapy administration, especially in the elderly. Primary prophylactic use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) helps prevent neutropenia, and according to some clinical trials, facilitates chemotherapy completion. Nevertheless, evidence supporting the effectiveness of primary prophylactic G-CSF in the elderly is limited. Thus, the ASCO recommendations for primary prophylactic G-CSF use in the elderly are not explicit. This retrospective observational study examined the association between primary prophylactic G-CSF administration at the start of first course chemotherapy with adequate first course chemotherapy and radiation therapy administration in elderly breast cancer patients. The study analyzes newly diagnosed breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy present in the SEER-Medicare data from 1994 to 2003. To account for the non-random nature of the observational data, a non-parametric matching technique was used to pre-process the data before estimating the effect of primary prophylactic G-CSF on adequate chemotherapy and radiation therapy administration. Adequate chemotherapy was defined as administration of six or more cycles during the first course. Primary prophylactic G-CSF administered at the start of the first course chemotherapy was associated with a statistically significant increase in the probability of administration of six or more first course chemotherapy cycles by 29% [95% CI 7.7-50.6%] and any radiation therapy administration by 42% [95% CI 25.2-58.4%]. Primary prophylactic G-CSF use with the first course of chemotherapy is associated with improved chemotherapy completion rates and radiation therapy. These findings emphasize the clinical value of primary prophylactic G-CSF use for systemic therapy completion, and have implications for ASCO guidelines and medicare coverage policies.
Laser with a Transmitting Window

The effect of transmission of radiation through one mirror of a laser is investigated. For a laser oscillator the result is to change the effective resonance frequency and Q of the cavity. Using the same model for the cavity, a signal is injected into the active medium through the transmitting window, and its effect on the system studied. When the external signal is strong enough and sufficiently close to the natural frequency of the laser oscillator, the laser locks its frequency to the input signal. The equations describing the system are solved over the range of input frequencies where the laser is locked, and the resulting gain found. In the high-intensity limit the medium saturates, and the gain tends to that of a lossy cavity. As the input intensity vanishes, the gain approaches infinity and the system tends to a laser oscillator.
FW2.2 and cell cycle control in developing tomato fruit: a possible example of gene co-option in the evolution of a novel organ

fw2.2 is one of the few QTLs thus far isolated from plants and the first one known to control fruit size. While it has been established that FW2.2 is a regulator (either directly or indirectly) of cell division, FW2.2 does not share sequence homology to any protein of known function (Frary et al. Science 289:85-88, 2000; Cong et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:13606-13611, 2002; Liu et al. Plant Physiol 132:292-299, 2003). Thus, the mechanism by which FW2.2 mediates cell division in developing fruit is currently unknown. In an effort to remedy this situation, a combination of yeast two-hybrid screens, in vitro binding assays and cell bombardment studies were performed. The results provide strong evidence that FW2.2 physically interacts at or near the plasma membrane with the regulatory (beta) subunit of a CKII kinase. CKII kinases are well-studied in both yeast and animals where they form part of cell cycle related signaling pathway. Thus while FW2.2 is a plant-specific protein and regulates cell division in a specialized plant organ (fruit), it appears to participate in a cell-cycle control signal transduction pathway that predates the divergence of single- and multi-cellular organisms. These results thus provide a glimpse into how ancient and conserved regulatory processes can be co-opted in the evolution of novel organs such as fruit.
42. Investigation into cardiomyocyte response to cryoablation

Atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias represent major cardiovascular diseases that may be treated utilizing thermal therapies. Given this there has been a palpable increase in technologies and approaches of therapeutic intervention, including cryoablation. While increased utilization of cryoablation continues, our fundamental understanding of the response of cardiac cells to the freezing process remains limited. As such we investigated the cellular and molecular response of cardiomyocytes to a range of subfreezing temperatures in an effort to provide further insight to help guide the application of cryoablation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiac myocytes (NRVCM) and human cardiac myocytes (HCM) were cultured in vitro to study the cellular and molecular effects of thermal excursions. Cells were exposed to a range of temperatures from 37 °C to −40 °C for up to 1 min. Thermal profiles were generated to examine the cooling rates at each target temperature. Samples were then returned to culture and cell survival was measured via metabolic activity, membrane integrity and contractile function. Microfluidic flow cytometry was also conducted to investigate apoptotic involvement and confirm viability assessments of the various populations in a time-course manner. Exposure of NRVCM to temperatures ranging from 37 °C to 0 °C resulted in a minimal reduction in cell viability. Exposure to −5 °C yielded 50% cell death. Temperatures ranging from −10 °C to −20 °C yielded less than 20% survival, whereas exposure to −40 °C resulted in complete cell death. Regardless of the level of cell survival, exposure to temperatures below −5 °C resulted in a loss of spontaneous contraction in surviving cells. HCM demonstrated moderate sensitivity (
Point defect yield model for wafer scale integration

Yield projections are a primary consideration in wafer scale integration. The author develops a point defect yield model for a two-way redundancy scheme appropriate for random logic. The model assumes that the fault-causing defects are randomly distributed locally but that the defect density can vary across a wafer as well as from one wafer to another. Examples are given to illustrate the strong dependence of the results on clustering of defects and on the redundancy partitioning. The importance of the distinction between on-wafer and wafer-to-wafer variations in defect density is demonstrated. Complications associated with the occurrence of small numbers of highly correlated defects are discussed.
Romans 12 Motivational Gifts and College Professors: Implications for Job Satisfaction and Person-Job Fit

This study builds on earlier work by DellaVecchio and Winston (2004) and McPherson (2008). They addressed the seven motivational gifts Paul wrote about in Romans 12:3–8 as a means for addressing job satisfaction and person-job fit among college professors. Using a snowball sampling method, 89 college professors completed the online survey instrument that included measures of the Romans 12 motivational gifts, person-job fit, and job satisfaction. For the sample of college professors, results of the cluster analysis indicate two motivational gift profiles with all seven ANOVA tests (one per gift) showing significance. Results from the Levene's test indicated there is no significant difference between the two clusters with respect to job satisfaction or person-job fit. Additionally, results indicated there is no significant difference between job satisfaction scores of college professors with respect to gender or tenure; nor is there a significant difference between person-job fit scores with respect to gend...
Care and treatment of long-term survivors of childhood cancer

With the advances in the therapy of childhood cancers over the past 30 years, many children who are now cured of their cancer are moving into adulthood. These patients have, in many cases, been exposed to multiple therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery), and in recent years have experienced more and more intensive therapies. Potential late sequelae can involve almost any organ system, but can be predicted, in part, by the chemotherapy or radiation that individuals may have received. These complications may be categorized by their timing relative to the discontinuation of therapy: early (under 5 years), intermediate (5-20 years), or very late (over 20 years)
A theoretical study of P4O10: vibrational analysis, infrared and Raman spectra

The normal mode frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of tetraphosphorus decaoxide (P4O10) in tetrahedral (Td) symmetry are examined theoretically and experimentally. The Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes at the HF/6-311G*, MP2/6-311G*, and DFT/B3LYP/6-311G* levels of theory are used. By comparison to experimental normal mode frequencies deduced by Gilliam et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 2892], Chapman [Spectrochim. Acta A, 24 (1968) 1687], Beattie et al. [J. Chem. Soc. A (1970) 449], Konings et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 152 (1992) 29] and the present work, correction factors for predominant vibrational motions are determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into five non-redundant motions (P-O stretch, P=O stretch, P-O-P bend, P-O-P wag, and P=O wag). Standard deviations found for the HF, MP2, and DFT corrected frequencies compared to experiment are 9, 5, and 4 cm(-1), respectively. Electron distribution for selected molecular orbitals is considered.
Mapping theorems involving compact perturbations and compact resolvents of nonlinear operators in Banach spaces

where it is assumed that the “resolvent” L, = (T + (l/n)l)-i, II = 1, 2,... exists and is defined at least on the range of the operator f C. Such a class of operators T includes all m-accretive operators (cf. Kato ] 5 I). The equations (G,) can be solved by a degree theory argument if we assume, among other things, that L, is compact and C is continuous and bounded, or that L, is continuous and C compact. In most of our results we do not explicitly assume the strong continuity of the operator T. Due to thi-s fact, our theorems complement and extend various results of Browder [ 2 ], Petryshyn (6-81, Petryshyn and Tucker [9] as well as Kartsatos [4] and Ward [9]. 0 ur results are particularly related to Theorem 2 of Petryshyn [7], where operators T are studied with D(T) =X and range a Banach space Y. However, these spaces are assumed to possess
The differentiation of Herpetomonas megaseliae: ultrastructural observations.

SYNOPSIS Ultrastructure of both undifferentiated (promastigote and paramastigote) and differentiated (opisthomastigote) forms of Herpetomonas megaseliae is described. There is a posterior migration of the kinetoplast at the end of the exponential growth phase. The posterior extension of the flagellar pocket precedes migration of the kinetoplast. Opisthomastigotes have an electron-translucent mitochondrial matrix in comparison with undifferentiated forms. The Golgi body changes from a stack of flattened sacs to an aggregation of vesicles. Several structures previously reported from Trypanosomatidae, e.g. subpellicular organelles, pellicular microtubules, membrane whorls, stored metabolic products, surface blebs, and an intraflagellar body are also present in H. megaseliae.
Economic competition and political competition: An empirical note

This paper has examined the proposition that more concentrated or consolidated metropolitan areas will produce public goods less efficiently than if there were a greater degree of interjurisdictional competition. The empirical evidence garnered in Section 3 suggests that interjurisdictional competition does tend to reduce the cost of providing local public services and, consequently, local government expenditure levels.
Field Demonstration of an Automated Heliostat Tracking Correction Method

Abstract This study provides a demonstration of an eight-parameter heliostat tracking-error correction method applied to heliostats at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility at Sandia National Laboratories. This method models the non-random physical error sources that arise from imperfect mount fabrication and installation processes. Previous work demonstrated this method for a single heliostat over a one-month period [1]. This study extends the previous work by expanding the number of heliostats modeled and tested to over 200. The duration over which errors were collected and modeled spanned 7 months. Smaller subsets of heliostats were observed and tested over an even longer, 10 month period. Error data was obtained by bringing heliostat beams (one by one) to a surveyed target on the Solar Tower and recording the measured elevation and azimuthal offsets. Beam position was determined by the centroid of the intensity image. Using automated sequencing, we were able to limit the time to process a heliostat to ∼32 seconds. This allowed us to process the entire 200 heliostat field in just 2 full days (weather permitting). These 2- day collections were performed about once every 2-3 months, to cover the full annual range of motion. All error data were automatically collected, time tagged and synchronized, in real-time. The error data were then converted, by a post-processor, to updated model parameters. The updated model data were subsequently uploaded to the heliostat field for model performance testing. In this way, almost 50,000 error observations were collected for 200 heliostats during the course of the study. In addition, 19,000 model performance observations were also recorded. Initial results indicate this method was able to halve the RMS average pointing error from 1.5 mrad to 0.78 mrad across the field of 200 heliostats.
Electrocardiographic patterns at the termination of atrial flutter.

Abstract Electrocardiograms are presented which show the termination of pure, classical atrial flutter: (a) in the dying heart, (b) in transition to atrial fibrillation, and (c) at the spontaneous restoration of sinus rhythm. These unusual records are discussed in relation to relevant records published by others and also to certain theoretical implications, particularly concerning (a) background data required for vectorial analysis of atrial flutter and (b) the apparent involvement of retrograde conduction, perhaps via a vagal mechanism at times, at the transition to fibrillation.
Construction Details for Superconducting Magnets for FFAG Accelerators

Previous calculations on superconducting FFAG accelerators have been refined and extended so that detailed Nb3-Sn coil configurations can be described. These are given for a 1.3 GeV model accelerator. Relative cost estimates for some critical components for a 3000 GeV FFAG and a pulsed accelerator are given.
Psychophysical tuning curves in subjects with tinnitus suggest outer hair cell lesions

A study by Penner (J Speech Hear Res 1980;23:779-86) found evidence for impaired lateral suppression in subjects with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss. If lateral suppression is related to tuning curve sharpness and lateral suppression is impaired, the shape of the tuning curve should be affected. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects with tinnitus have psychophysical tuning curves that are different from those of subjects without tinnitus. Psychophysical tuning curves and hearing thresholds were obtained from 18 subjects, 7 with tinnitus and 11 without tinnitus. Only subjects with normal audiograms (through 8 kHz) were selected for this study. In subjects with tinnitus psychophysical tuning curves were obtained in the region pitch-matched to their tinnitus. In nontinnitus subjects psychophysical tuning curves were determined at the same frequencies as for the tinnitus subjects in a yoked-control design. The slopes of the tails and tips and the Q10 and other measures were calculated for each tuning curve. The psychophysical tuning curves in subjects with tinnitus were significantly different (0.01 level) from those of control subjects and often had hypersensitive tails and some elevated tips. These shapes of tuning curves are consistent with cochlear lesions involving the loss of outer hair cells without damage to the inner hair cells or nerve fibers.
TD-Gammon, a self-teaching backgammon program, achieves master-level play

TD-Gammon is a neural network that is able to teach itself to play backgammon solely by playing against itself and learning from the results, based on the TD(») reinforcement learning algorithm (Sutton 1988). Despite starting from random initial weights (and hence random initial strategy), TD-Gammon achieves a surprisingly strong level of play. With zero knowledge built in at the start of learning (i.e., given only a "raw" description of the board state), the network learns to play at a strong intermediate level. Furthermore, when a set of hand-crafted features is added to the network's input representation, the result is a truly staggering level of performance: the latest version of TD-Gammon is now estimated to play at a strong master level that is extremely close to the world's best human players.
Social media application in digital libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applications of social media in digital libraries and identify related problems. Design/methodology/approach – A total of ten institutions were selected from the following cultural institution types – public libraries, academic libraries, museums, government, and international organisations – to represent a variety of digital libraries developed or sponsored by different types of organisations. The social media applications were examined with regard to the following aspects: types of social media, placement of social media, updating social media, types of interactions, and types of functions. Findings – This study presents the types of social media applications in the selected digital libraries and further characterises their placements, update frequency, types of interactions between digital librarians and users, as well as various types of roles they played. In the process of analysis the authors also identified problems related to lack of standa...
The effects of conditioned taste aversions on schedule-induced polydipsia: An analysis of the initiation and postpellet temporal distribution of licking

Animals poisoned following the schedule-induced consumption of saccharin initially continued to drink following spaced pellet deliveries. Neither the initiation of postpellet drinking (i.e., bout, initiation) nor the size and duration of the bouts was effected by the conditioned aversion procedure. With repeated conditioning trials (i.e., repeated pairings of saccharin and LiCl), schedule induced drinking was eventually reduced. The specific components underlying schedule-induced consumption, however, were differentially affected by the aversion training. Specifically, the decrease in schedule-induced drinking was effected primarily by a decrease in licking occurring between 10 and 60 sec after pellet delivery. Bout initiation and licking immediately postpellet (i.e., within the first 10 sec following pellet delivery) were most resistant to suppression and appeared to be responsible for the relative insensitivity of schedule-induced drinking to conditioned taste aversions. The differential effects of taste aversion conditioning on individual components of elicited behavior are discussed.
Calcium paradox in canine kidneys.

Abstract Isolated perfusion of the heart with a Ca 2+ -free perfusate followed by a Ca 2+ -containing perfusate causes dramatic alterations in the physiology and biochemistry of the tissue, a phenomenon known as the calcium paradox. A similar paradoxical effect of Ca 2+ has also been reported to occur in the kidney. In this study an attempt was made to reproduce the calcium paradox in canine kidneys and to characterize more fully its metabolic consequences. Canine kidneys were perfused with Krebs-Henseliet bicarbonate buffer free of Ca 2+ for 30 min followed by perfusion with Ca 2+ (1.5 m M ). Unlike previously reported results no sudden decrease in flow was found nor was there a Ca 2+ -related sharp rise in rate of release of lactic dehydrogenase. In addition, we found no significant change in the level of tissue adenine nucleotides or functionality of isolated mitochondria. It is concluded that there is no calcium paradox in canine kidney under these conditions and it is suggested that the Ca 2+ paradox may be characteristic only of muscle tissue that can undergo Ca 2+ -dependent contraction.
Quantifying the early stages of plasticity through nanoscale experiments and simulations

Nucleation and kinetics of defects at the atomic scale provide the most fundamental information about the mechanical response of materials and surfaces. Recent advances in experimental and computational analyses allow us to study this phenomenon in the context of nanoindentation and localized mechanical probing of surfaces. Here, we present an analytical formulation of the elastic limit that predicts the location and slip character of a homogeneously nucleated defect in crystalline metals, and extend this formulation to the atomic scale in the form of an energy-based, local elastic stability criterion, termed the L criterion. We demonstrate that this approach can be incorporated efficiently into computational methods such as molecular dynamics and finite-element models. Furthermore, we validate and calibrate the L criterion directly through nanoindentation experiments and two-dimensional experimental analogs such as the bubble raft model. We outline explicitly a compact and efficient application of the L criterion within the context of a nonlinear, interatomic potential finite-element model~IPFEM!. Further, we report three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations in several face-centered cubic systems that elucidate the transition from the initiation to the early stages of plasticity during nanoindentation of metals, as characterized by homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of up to hundreds of dislocations. Correlation of these simulations with direct observations from nanoindentation experiments provides atomistic insights into the early stages of plasticity.
Design of Sinusoidal Auxetic Structures for High Shear Flexure

This paper presents the analytical model to predict the effective in-plane shear modulus G12* for auxetic honeycomb mesostructure with sinusoidal re-entrant wall. Also, a comparative study is conducted on the ability of the sinusoidal mesostructure over auxetic mesostructure for high shear flexure. In an effort to design components with high shear flexure, the re-entrant wall of the auxetic honeycomb is replaced with a sinusoidal wall. Existing analytical models that predict the effective in-plane elastic properties for auxetic honeycomb mesostructure are limited to straight re-entrant wall. In order to predict the effective in plane shear modulus, G12*, for conceptual design study, an analytical model is needed. The principle of energy methods is used to determine the effective in-plane shear modulus and is verified with the solution in ABAQUS. The analytical model is in agreement with the computational model with a 10% maximum error over a wide range of cell wall thickness and shear strain. The two structures are designed to possess the same equivalent shear modulus and the degree of shear flexure is measured computationally in terms of yield shear strain. The sinusoidal structure introduces nonlinearity with increase in cell wall thickness and shear strain. This nonlinearity causes the sinusoidal auxetic mesostructure to have low shear flexure at a high shear modulus which is higher than about 10MPa. However, it is marginally better than auxetic mesostructure at a low shear modulus which is 10MPa and less.
A New Closed Cell, Horizontal Magnetic Tweezer

We report on the development of a magnetic force transducer or tweezer that can apply piconewton forces on single DNA molecules in the focus or horizontal plane. Since changes in the DNA's end-to-end extension are coplanar with the pulling force there is no requirement to continually refocus the tethered beads thus considerably simplifying single molecule micromanipulation experiments in our setup. The DNA constructs (γ-DNA end-labeled with a 3μm polystyrene bead and a 2.8μm magnetic sphere) and buffer are introduced into a 200μL to 500 μL closed cell created by using two glass slides separated by 1mm spacers and a thin viscoelastic perimeter wall. This closed cell configuration isolates our sample and produces low-noise force and extension measurements. Breaching the viscoelastic barrier are five pipettes: a 1-2μm inner diameter suction pipette used for capturing the polystyrene bead, a magnet-tipped pipette used to pull the magnetic sphere, a 0.5mm-inner-diameter injection pipette used to introduce proteins of interest, and two 0.5mm-inner-diameter pipettes used to maintain flow. The suction micropipette and the injection pipette are rigidly coupled and positioned by a manual three axis manipulator that can produce continuous displacements of 15mm, 25mm and 25mm in the x-, y-, and z-axis respectively. The magnet-tipped pipette is controlled by a motorized two axis micromanipulator capable of continuously spanning the full width of the cell. A motorized micromanipulator with a defined 157nm step size maneuvers the cell over a 32X/0.40NA objective and between the two mechanical manipulators. Initial tests show the capability of the device to easily and repeatedly find, capture, and manipulate end-labeled DNA constructs.
Association Between Abdominal Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Normal-Weight Korean Women

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the association of blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting blood glucose (FG) levels with abdominal obesity in normal-weight Korean women grouped by age. Drawing from the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set, we analyzed data from 3,427 adult women aged 20–79 years. Among normal-weight participants, 11.9% of women were identified as having abdominal obesity. Among those with normal weight in their twenties, thirties, and those over 60 years, those with abdominal obesity were more likely to have high TG than those without (OR = 5.46(1.94–15.38), 3.79(1.56–9.24), 2.05(1.18–3.57), respectively). We suggest that abdominal obesity may indicate higher cardiovascular disease risks even in normal-weight women.
Dysbindin structural homologue CK1BP is an isoform-selective binding partner of human casein kinase-1.

Casein kinase-1 is a family of ubiquitous eukaryotic protein kinases that frequently function in tandem with the ubiquitin modification system to modulate protein turnover and trafficking. In Alzheimer's disease, these enzymes colocalize with ubiquitinated lesions, including neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration bodies, suggesting they also play a role in disease pathogenesis. To identify binding partners that potentially regulate or recruit these enzymes toward disease lesions, a Sos-recruitment yeast two-hybrid screen was performed with human Ckiδ (the casein kinase-1 isoform most closely linked to granulovacuolar degeneration bodies) and a human brain cDNA library. All interacting clones contained a single open reading frame termed casein kinase-1 binding protein (CK1BP). On the basis of sequence alignments, CK1BP was a structural homologue of the acidic domain of dysbindin, a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex and the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles com...
On consistent first approximations in the general linear theory of thin elastic shells

This paper, as a number of earlier ones, is concerned with the rational establishment of twodimensional differential equations for the approximate analysis of stress and strain in elastic layers with spacecurved middle surface. It has been known for some time that the principal difficulty of this problem is to establish rational two-dimensional constitutive equations which correspond to a given system of constitutive equations for the layer treated as a three-dimensional continuum. — In an earlier publication [18] the point had been made that since two-dimensional shell theory was concerned with stress resultants and stress couples, it ought to be advantageous to derive such a theory from a three-dimensional theory in which force stresses as well as moment stresses were incorporated, even for media which, actually, were incapable of supporting moment stresses. — The earlier work [18] had indicated that, mathematically, the advantages of approaching the derivation of two-dimensional shell theory from three-dimensional moment stress elastically theory had to do with the form of the compatibility equations for strain in such a three-dimensional theory. Briefly, with these three-dimensional compatibility equations it becomes possible to concentrate all three-dimensional aspects of the shell problem in a three-dimensional system of integro-differential constitutive equations, and the task of deriving rational two-dimensional constitutive equations becomes nothing but the task of establishing suitable asymptotic expansions for the solutions of these three-dimensional integro-differential equations. In the work in [18] this task had not actually been carried out. The present paper establishes a significant rearrangement of the system of integro-differential equations, in such a way that the nature of the necessary asymptotic expansions is made evident. — With this, explicit results are obtained which include the system of two-dimensional constitutive equations of Koiter and Sanders for an iotropic homogeneous medium, as well as a system of constitutive equations for a class of shells for which the normals to the middle surface are not directions of elastic symmetry, as well as a system of constitutive equations for shells which are sufficiently soft in transverse shear to make transverse shear deformation a first-order effect.
Extrapleural pneumonolysis with lucite plombage.

Summary o (1) The use of extrapleural pneumonolysis as a non-deforming procedure to replace thoracoplasty in the collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis is reviewed. The substances previously used for lombage and the criteria for such a substance are enumerated. Previous experimental studies are mentioned briefly. (2) The type of case chosen is essentially the same as for thoracoplasty. Individual modifications are discussed. (3) The technique for the procedure is given, and the complications encountered are reviewed. (4) The advantages of extrapleural pneumonolysis with lucite plombage over thoracoplasty are discussed.
Determination of the Adsorption of Ethylene on Platinum Electrodes using a Radiotracer Method

THERE has been a recent surge of interest in the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons. Important to any determination of mechanism is a knowledge of the fractional surface coverage of reaction species. This communication deals with the adsorption of ethylene labelled with carbon-14 at the platinum-electrolyte interface as a function of potential and time.
Reversible Interconversion of Two Forms of a Valyl-tRNA Synthetase--Containing Protein Complex

When an enzyme-containing complex from yeast was incubated in a buffered solution at room temperature, the valyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity and total protein oscillated synchronously between two physical states. This observation suggests a regulatory process that controls a number of enzymes as a group, an integrated function of a kind not heretofore recognized. The two forms of the complex were separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation of one of them in samples withdrawn from the incubated solution every 30 seconds. Glutathione and dithiothreitol in high concentrations (50 mM) enhance formation of the 50% saturated ammonium sulfate-soluble form. Oxidized glutathione, diphosphopyridine nucleotide, triphosphopyridine nucleotide, and a mercurial thiol binding agent in moderate concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 mM) shift the distribution toward the precipitable form. It is suggested that the two forms represent functional and nonfunctional complex-bound enzymes which are interconverted in response to oxidoreductive signals.
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) deficient mice absorb less cholesterol

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of sphingolipids. It has been reported that oral administration of myriocin (an SPT inhibitor) decreases plasma sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol levels, and reduces atherosclerosis in apoE knockout (KO) mice. We studied cholesterol absorption in myriocin-treated WT or apoE KO animals and found that, after myriocin treatment, the mice absorbed significantly less cholesterol than controls, with no observable pathological changes in the small intestine. More importantly, we found that heterozygous Sptlc1 (a subunit of SPT) KO mice also absorbed significantly less cholesterol than controls. To understand the mechanism, we measured protein levels of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), ABCG5, and ABCA1, three key factors involved in intestinal cholesterol absorption. We found that NPC1L1 and ABCA1 were decreased, whereas ABCG5 was increased in the SPT deficient small intestine. SM levels on the apical membrane were also measured and they were significantly decreased in SPT deficient mice, compared with controls. In conclusion, SPT deficiency might reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption by altering NPC1L1 and ABCG5 protein levels in the apical membranes of enterocytes through lowering apical membrane SM levels. This may be also true for ABCA1 which locates on basal membrane of enterocytes. Manipulation of SPT activity could thus provide a novel alternative treatment for dyslipidemia.
New Supersymmetric Bubbles on AdS 3 × S 3

We find a large new class of explicit solutions preserving four supercharges in six-dimensional supergravity. The solutions are determined by solving a linear system of equations on a four-dimensional Kahler base studied by LeBrun. For particular choices of the parameters, we find regular backgrounds that are asymptotic to the near-horizon limit of the D1-D5-P black string and so the asymptotic AdS 3 × S 3 backgrounds will generically be rotating. Holography implies that these backgrounds should be dual to $\frac{1}{4}$ -BPS states in the D1-D5-P CFT.
Gynecologic aspects of breast disease

Abstract The principal problem of the gynecologist in the field of breast diseases is the diagnosis of early breast cancer; then he must direct the patient to receive the best and immediate treatment. Obvious carcinoma has a direct approach, but differentiation of lesions which may possibly represent early carcinoma requires judgment and a high degree of suspicion. Haagensen [Diseases of the breast, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA (1971)] has stated that early diagnosis should be followed by cure in 85% of patients. Evaluation of reactions in the breast due to hormones are discussed in this paper. This includes fibrocystic disease, commonly known as chronic cystic mastitis, macrocysts of the breasts, effects of contraceptive and estrogenic hormones, and, finally, hormonal situations in 100 patients with carcinoma of the breast.
The protein kinase KSR interacts with 14-3-3 protein and Raf

Abstract Background: KSR (kinase suppressor of Ras) is a recently identified putative protein kinase that positively mediates the Ras signaling pathway in the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster . The function of vertebrate KSR is not well characterized biochemically or biologically. Results: We examined the physiological role of KSR in vertebrate signal transduction using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Overexpression of KSR, in combination with overexpression of the intracellular dimeric protein 14-3-3, induced Xenopus oocyte meiotic maturation and cdc2 kinase activation; the effect of KSR and 14-3-3 on oocyte maturation was blocked by co-expression of dominant-negative Raf-1. We noted that KSR contains multiple potential binding sites for 14-3-3, and we used the yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation experiments to show that KSR can bind to 14-3-3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KSR can form a complex with Raf kinase both in vitro and in cultured cells. Cell fractionation studies revealed that KSR formed a complex with 14-3-3 in both the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of cell lysates; however, KSR only formed a complex with Raf-1 in the membrane fraction. Conclusions: Our finding suggest that KSR, 14-3-3 and Raf form an oligomeric signaling complex and that KSR positively regulates the Ras signaling pathway in vertebrate organisms.
Cofacial dicobalt complex of a binucleating hexacarboxamide cryptand ligand.

A hexacarboxamide cryptand featuring appended polyether moieties is used as a binucleating ligand for two CoII centers, marking the first time cryptands have been used as hexaanionic N donors for metal coordination. A synthesis for the hexacarboxamide cryptand, culminating in a 23% yield high-dilution step and proceeding in 8% overall yield, is reported. The ligand is metalated using cobalt(II) acetate, and a solid-state structure is presented, revealing an intermetallic void over 6.4 A in length. The reactivity of this new type of cryptate is also probed; treatment of the dicobalt cryptate with potassium cyanide at elevated temperature results in a bridging cyanide complex.
Improved sentinel lymph node localization in patients with primary melanoma with the use of radiolabeled colloid

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization technique, which uses blue dye and 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid, provides advantages over blue dye alone in the management of patients with stages I and II cutaneous melanoma. Methods: The records of 626 consecutive patients with melanoma who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy between 1991 and 1997 at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed. Lymphatic mapping was performed with isosulfan blue dye alone (n = 252) or in combination with 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid accompanied by a hand-held gamma probe (n = 374). SLNs were defined as those that stained blue or demonstrated increased focal radiotracer uptake. Results: SLN identification rates improved from 87% (dye alone) to 99% (dye and colloid) (P < .0001) with the combined technique in all anatomic sites examined. The mean number of SLNs harvested from each basin was significantly greater in the patients mapped with dye and colloid (1.74 vs 1.31; P < .0001). Occult metastatic disease was identified in 17.5% of all patients and did not significantly differ between groups. In 92% of patients who had at least one positive SLN and were mapped with both agents, lymphatic metastases were identified in the SLN that contained the greatest radiotracer uptake. In 19% of cases the first blue SLN harvested did not contain the greatest radiotracer uptake. Conclusions: SLN identification is enhanced by the addition of radiolabeled sulfur colloid and intraoperative use of the hand-held gamma probe and may identify SLNs missed by the blue dye alone. These data support the combined use of radiolabeled sulfur colloid and blue dye in lymphatic mapping procedures to improve the nodal staging of stages I and II melanoma. (Surgery 1998;124:203-210.)
Amplification of 26 fs, 2 TW pulses in Ti:sapphire

We have demonstrated a simple multipass amplifier system that generates pulses as short as 26 fs in duration, with an energy of > 60 mJ per pulse. The design minimizes higher-order dispersion and spectral distortions, and results in a near-transform limited 2 TW peak power output.
Phosphorus leaching in a sandy soil as affected by organic and inorganic fertilizer sources

Abstract Long-term application of phosphorus (P) to soils as fertilizer or manure can increase the potential for P loss to ground and surface waters. Vertical P transport was investigated in a sandy soil material receiving seven different P fertilizer sources: poultry compost, poultry litter, triple superphosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O], dairy lagoon liquid, swine lagoon liquid, swine lagoon sludge, and dissolved potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4). The P sources were surface-applied to soil columns (6.35-cm diameter, 10-cm long) at two rates equivalent to 75 and 150 kg total P ha−1, and columns were intermittently leached with deionized (DI) water. Column effluents were collected for up to 23 pore volumes and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In addition, a P retardation factor was determined for the soil from a P adsorption isotherm. Transport of P through soil columns receiving liquid P sources was simulated by a one-dimensional equilibrium convective–dispersive equation (CDE) based on water-extractable P (WEP) concentrations. Cumulative amounts of DRP leached were linearly related to the amounts of WEP in P source materials (r2 = 0.87***). The recovery of DRP in the column effluents relative to WEP in the applied materials was 126 ± 15% (mean ± standard error) for organic P sources and 66 ± 2% for inorganic P sources. The use of WEP in the CDE model underpredicted P transport in the columns amended with lagoon liquids compared with dissolved KH2PO4. Results indicated that leaching losses of P from land-applied manures exceed the amounts of WEP in source materials because of organic P mineralization and competitive sorption of DOC.
Recidivism as a feedback process: An analytical model and empirical validation

Abstract A feedback model of the criminal justice system (CJS) incorporates the continuing input of people arrested for the first time (virgin arrests) and the recycling of individuals with prior arrests (recidivists). Such a model is needed to enable CJS planners to assess the impact of possible actions on the future arrests and system workloads. Using an empirically determined estimate of the number of virgin arrests in the U.S. as input to a feedback model of the CJS, recidivism parameters, probability of rearrest, and average time between arrests were estimated by matching the output of the model to the total arrests in the U.S. in the period 1960–70. The average deviation between the model output and total U.S. arrests was minimized at less than 4% when the probability of rearrest is equal to 0.875 and the average time between arrests equal to 1.1. years. The relative sensitivity of total arrests to changes in virgin arrests and the probability of rearrest are also presented.