cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Candidate Flow For Hydrodynamic Blowup

An octahedral, vortical (divergence-free) flow is defined, and reasons are given for why it is a candidate for self-similar, point-collapse and blowup under evolution of the Euler equations. Results from a vortex filament model of such flows are then reviewed and the data subsequently analyzed. The Gauss map, a mapping of the vorticity tangent field, is examined. A Leray-Beltrami flow, defined as a force-free flow in the Leray collapse frame, is shown to develop in the inner region. Finally, the vorticity is found to scale as the inverse square of the distance from the origin, the center of the point collapse. A discussion follows on the ramification of these findings to possible blowup in the Navier-Stokes equations.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Supply Chains: Approach and Methodologies

Supply chains are networks of companies engaged in activities required to bring a product (or service) to market. The design of products, processes and systems in sustainable supply chains (SSCs) must not only seek economic benefits for shareholders and value for customers but also manage environmental and societal impacts affecting all stakeholders. Realizing this goal mandates considering activities that span the entire lifecycle of a product which, in reality, are conducted by many companies in the supply chain. This paper presents a product life-cycle based framework for SSCs and examines the modeling capabilities necessary to achieve sustainability goals. On-going research to develop models for SSC design and management are also presented.
The “Circle Game”: Introduction to the Special Issue

Perhaps Joni Mitchell said it best in her song, "The Circle Game": "We can only look behind from where we came, and go round and round and round in the circle game." Psychotherapists of all persuasions are all too familiar with the redundancy of problematic thoughts, feelings, desires, and behaviors. All of our efforts are aimed at interrupting the painful and disturbing circles that more formally we know as psychopathology, yet our efforts are, more often than we or our clients would hope for, for naught. People do not change with any ease, and frequently, as we all know, they fight or resist efforts, their own, and ours included, to change them. In a parallel to the old "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" chestnut, each school of psychotherapy seems to progress developmentally from a stage in which resistance to change goes unnoticed or is denied, to one in which it is construed as a failure of the process, or the client, and or of the therapist, to a more mature phase in which the factors that impede progress and change often become central to the therapeutic work. Such an oversimplified synopsis might be applied to the history of the concept of resistance within psychoanalysis. However, when one looks at the cognitive-behavioral, experiential, or systems literature on resistance, this pattern may be observed as well. In fact, perhaps one of the implicit driving forces behind psychotherapy integration may be the failure of any one school to adequately and completely answer the question that is posed by this issue: "Why don't people change?" As each of the major schools of psychotherapy has reached the third, mature phase of understanding of this issue, adherents to each might start to look towards some answers that may accrue from a cross-sectional Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY. Correspondence should be directed to Jerry Gold, 20 Meadow Lane, Glen Head, NY 11545.
Monitoring PARKIN RBR Ubiquitin Ligase Activation States with UbFluor

PARKIN is a RING-Between-RING (RBR) E3 ligase, which ubiquitinates mitochondrial proteins in response to mitochondrial damage. Ser65 of PARKIN is phosphorylated by kinase PINK1 (pPARKIN), which causes partial PARKIN activation. PINK1 also phosphorylates Ser65 of ubiquitin (pUb), which further activates pPARKIN. Due to the lack of precise and quantitative assays to quantify the activity of PARKIN, there were many conflicting reports on the role of pUb as a PARKIN activator, whether S65E PARKIN is a true phosphomimetic of pPARKIN, and the effect of substrate of PARKIN turnover was also not known. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide on the use of the UbFluor probe to precisely quantitate changes in the activity of PARKIN in response to phosphorylation, allosteric activation by pUb, protein substrates, and activating structural mutations. These results pave the way to discover PARKIN activators and to precisely quantify the activity of other RBR E3s. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biological Impact and Ethical Implications of Pesticide Use: A Short Module for Upper-Division-Undergraduate Biochemistry Courses

In the Fall of 2015 and in the 2016–2017 academic year, we conducted a two-week, team-taught, interdisciplinary module concurrently in an advanced biochemistry course, offered in the Chemistry and ...
Cambium Disconnection, Rootstock, and Canopy Training Impacts on Growth and Leaf Mineral Nutrients in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

ABSTRACTThe impacts of cambium disconnection in ‘Aztec Fuji’ apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) trees on two rootstocks, each with either tall spindle (TS) or central leader with four lower main scaff...
Rapid metabolic compensation in response to temperature change in the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus californicus.

Abstract Animals living in the intertidal zone must adapt to thermal variability, including adjustments in metabolism. We examined metabolic responses to temperature in the copepod, Tigriopus californicus, which inhabits supratidal splash pools along the Pacific coast of North America. We maintained three populations of T. californicus at 20 °C, one from southern California (San Diego, “SD”) and two from Oregon (Fogarty Creek, “FCN”, Boiler Bay, “BOB”) and examined possible geographic patterns in metabolism. We measured oxygen consumption rate ( V o 2) at 20 °C and following 48 h (chronic) acclimation to 25, 27.5 and 30 °C. V o 2 was temperature-independent, with temperature quotients (Q10) values ≤1 in all populations, indicative of metabolic compensation. We detected no variation in V o 2 or survival between populations. To explore the time course of metabolic compensation, we performed an acute acclimation experiment in which V o 2 was measured at 20 °C, following immediate exposure to 25 °C, and following 2 h, 4 h and 6 h exposure to 25 °C. This acute acclimation experiment revealed that V o 2 increased immediately in SD and FCN, but was no longer different than 20 °C levels by 2 h and 4 h at 25 °C, respectively. BOB showed no significant change in V o 2, which may indicate complete temperature-independent metabolism or different mechanisms of compensation between populations. This study demonstrates a time course of rapid metabolic compensation in response to temperature that occurs in a small intertidal animal, and suggests intertidal invertebrates can thermally acclimate within a few hours of a significant temperature change.
Rapid RNA sequencing data analysis using serverless computing

Abstract We have used serverless AWS Lambda functions to align 640 million reads in less than 3 minutes, a speed-up of 500x over the single-threaded implementation. Using a hybrid cloud architecture and software modified to optimize disk transfers, an entire RNA sequencing workflow transforming multiplexed reads to transcript counts that originally took 29 hours can be completed in 18 minutes. This is a 100x improvement over the original single threaded implementation and 12x faster than an optimized cloud server-based implementation using 16 threads. The total cost of the analyses is $2.82 for 96 wells or 3 cents per multiplexed sample. This approach can be used for human datasets that are generated for single experiments and does not rely on processing large numbers of samples to achieve the performance gains. The workflow is publicly available under a M.I.T. license (https://github.com/BioDepot/RNA-seq-lambda).
ERPs predict symptomatic distress and recovery in sub-acute mild traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can affect high-level executive functioning long after somatic symptoms resolve. We tested if simple EEG responses within an oddball paradigm could capture variance relevant to this clinical problem. The P3a and P3b components reflect bottom-up and top-down processes driving engagement with exogenous stimuli. Since these features are related to primitive decision abilities, abnormal amplitudes following mTBI may account for problems in the ability to exert executive control. Sub-acute (
Segregation and Violence Reconsidered: Do Whites Benefit from Residential Segregation?:

Despite marked declines in black-white segregation over the past half century, there has been limited scholarly attention to the effects of increasing integration. This is a significant omission gi...
The Modified Lithotomy: A Surgical Position for Lower Extremity Wound Care Procedures in Super Morbidly Obese Patients. A Case Study.

Operative positioning of morbidly obese patients presents unique challenges and can cause complications, especially when the operative field involves the proximal lower extremity or genitoperineal region. Purpose The purpose of this case study was to describe a modified lithotomy operative positioning technique that has helped the authors improve care of these patients. Methods Double-layer, foam padding at least 4 inches thick is secured to the top and sides of 2 small rolling preparation tables using 3-inch silk tape to create "lithotomy" leg holders, the operating table is raised appropriately, the abducted legs are placed onto the padded prep tables, and the footboard is carefully lowered to provide access to the groin and medial thighs. Case study A super morbidly obese (body mass index 74), 47-year-old African American man with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes controlled on oral medications presented to the authors' wound care clinic with 2 large, medial left thigh lymphedema masses requiring resection. Both procedures were successfully completed using the modified lithotomy position. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion The modified lithotomy is easy to implement, does not require unique equipment, improves access to the surgical site, and may reduce the risk of complications. Larger and longer-term follow-up studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of this positioning technique.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Mortality in COPD

2007;131;939-940 Chest Giora Netzer COPD Inhaled Corticosteroids and Mortality in http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/131/3/939.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2007by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest
Application of Deep Neural Networks in the field of Information Security and Healthcare

This work focuses on three different classification problems. The first is Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in network, the second is heart disease prediction and the last one is skin lesion classification in images using deep learning techniques. For IDS we have trained the deep neural network (DNN) model on KDD CUP 1999 data set. Similarly, for heart disease prediction we used the UCI Heart disease data set. The DNN is trained for 100 epochs. Furthermore, for skin lesion detection, in first stage pre-processing techniques are applied to remove noise and to improve visibility of lesion area. Then Preprocessed melanoma images of benign, malignant lesions are fed to the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) learning model for classification. Different evaluation measures are applied to analyze results. Different techniques are applied to improve results such as stochastic gradient decent, augmentation and learning rate adjustment. The model is tested on 500 skin lesion images out of which 70% of the images are used for training and remaining 30% are used for testing purpose. Apart from this, in this work the Deep Neural Networks used for network intrusion detection and heart disease prediction has outperformed the state of the art method. Similarly, for CNN model our simulations results shows that our DNN model has good results in comparison to state of the art algorithm used for skin cancerous lesion detection.
Frequency Regulation using Sparse Learned Controllers in Power Grids with Variable Inertia due to Renewable Energy

Inertia from rotating masses of generators in power systems influence the instantaneous frequency change when an imbalance between electrical and mechanical power occurs. Renewable energy sources (RES), such as solar and wind power, are connected to the grid via electronic converters. RES connected through converters affect the system’s inertia by decreasing it and making it time-varying. This new setting challenges the ability of current control schemes to maintain frequency stability. Proposing adequate controllers for this new paradigm is key for the performance and stability of future power grids. The contribution of this paper is a framework to learn sparse time-invariant frequency controllers in a power system network with a time-varying evolution of rotational inertia. We model power dynamics using a Switched-Affine hybrid system to consider different modes corresponding to different inertia coefficients. We design a controller that uses as features, i.e. input, the systems states. In other words, we design a control proportional to the angles and frequencies. We include virtual inertia in the controllers to ensure stability. One of our findings is that it is possible to restrict communication between the nodes by reducing the number of features in the controller (from 22 to 10 in our case study) without disrupting performance and stability. Furthermore, once communication between nodes has reached a threshold, increasing it beyond this threshold does not improve performance or stability. We find a correlation between optimal feature selection in sparse controllers and the topology of the network.
The Microbiome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The human microbiome is a vast and complex system encompassing all of the microbes and their genes that occupy the environmentally exposed surfaces of the human body. The gut microbiota and its associated microbiome play an integral role in mammalian metabolism and immune tolerance as well as in immunocompetence. Disruptions in the human gut microbiome are associated with a cycle of hepatocyte injury and regeneration characteristic of chronic liver disease. The persistence of this inflammation has been shown to induce the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the importance and prognostic influence of the gut microbiome on hepatocarcinogenesis has been increasingly studied in recent years. This review discusses the mechanisms by which imbalances in the gut microbiome disturb the gut-liver axis to impact hepatocarcinogenesis, including disruption of the intestinal barrier, changes in bile acid metabolism, and reduction in tumor-suppressing microRNA. Furthermore, this review summarizes recent advances in potential microbiome-based therapeutic opportunities in HCC.
No Populations Left Behind: Vaccine Hesitancy and Equitable Diffusion of Effective COVID-19 Vaccines.

Racial/ethnic minority communities are experiencing an undue burden from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the availability of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized vaccines is critical for improving population health. National surveys assessing vaccination willingness and reports of vaccination administration by race/ethnicity indicate at least two areas that warrant attention: elevated vaccine hesitancy among African American and Latino adults, and the need to ensure equitable access to vaccination. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not uniform within racial/ethnic minority populations; yet, given the disproportionate impact, understandable distrust, and widespread misinformation, there is an imperative to overcome challenges associated with vaccination willingness and uptake, as well as implementation and access. This Perspective discusses the complexity of drivers for each of these areas, which include individual, community, and structural factors. It also highlights two initiatives at the National Institutes of Health. One is focused on addressing misinformation and distrust through academic-community partnerships, and the other on community-engaged behavioral interventions to address the population-specific reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, support informed decision-making, and promote equitable access among populations with health disparities. For the foreseeable future, proactive and persistent efforts around COVID-19 mitigation strategies, including vaccination, will remain of paramount importance for health equity.
Japanese language and gender research: the last thirty years and beyond

In the past thirty years, major contributions from Japanese language and gender studies have provided necessary insights from the perspective of a non-European language. Future research will demand ever broader approaches – in particular, I call for investigations of the sociolinguistic life of understudied speakers, such as regional Japanese speakers, to examine how they understand linguistic gender norms and deploy a wide variety of linguistic and other semiotic resources for styling diverse forms of gender and sexual identity in situated practice. These questions have profound implications for the relationship between language and gender.
Empirically Investigating the Portfolio Management Process: Findings from a Large Pharmaceutical Company

This exploratory study analyzes cross-sectional project data from the enterprise information system at a large pharmaceutical company in order to gain insight into the company’s portfolio decision process and determinants of the ways in which decision analytic tools were applied in practice. Statistical measures based on the economic parameters describe individual projects and various partitions of the company’s portfolio of projects. Other statistics, such as number of scenarios, describe aspects of the structured decision process. The study found significant differences across project groups, and results in suggesting reasons for these differences. More generally, obtainable empirical data proved to be useful for studying the patterns in the use of portfolio decision analysis.
Master Class: Rule Amendments

Commentary and analysis of proposed amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure published by the Administrative Office of the United States Court, relating to Rule 23 (class action litigation), and Rule 53 (special masters). The current rule package comes after a decade-long effort of the Advisory Committee on Civil Rules to amend Rule 23, from 1991 through the current rules package. The article discusses proposed amendments to the timing of class certification in Rule 23(c)(1)(a); changes in notice requirements in Rule 23(c)(2); and amendment of provisions relating to settlement classes, in Rule 23(e). The article also surveys and discusses the proposals to add two new provisions to the class action rule dealing with the appointment of class counsel (proposed Rule 23(g)), and standards for the award of class counsel attorney fees (proposed Rule 23(h)). Finally, the article comments on the proposed amendment of Rule 53, dealing with special masters, to conform the rule to the contemporary practice and use of special masters in complex litigation.
Towards delineating the role of dendritic cells and macrophages in SIV disease control and progression (INC9P.447)

In HIV infection, sustained inflammation and immune activation are signature pathologies of individuals that progress to AIDS. Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages mediate host inflammatory and antiviral responses and some evidence suggests these cells could be involved in influencing HIV disease outcome, but to what extent is unclear. Here, we longitudinally followed the kinetics of DC and macrophages in peripheral and mucosal tissues from Mamu-B*008+ rhesus macaques intrarectally infected with pathogenic SIVmac251. Mamu-B*008 is a rhesus macaque MHC class I allele highly correlated with control of SIV replication, as greater than 50% of SIV-infected Mamu-B*008+ macaques control chronic phase viral load and do not advance to disease; hence this serves as a model for controlled and progressive HIV disease in humans. We used flow cytometry to access the impact of SIV infection on DC and macrophage proportions, proliferation, and homing to lymph nodes and mucosa. Our preliminary findings reveal a divergent effect of SIV infection on each of the aforementioned DC and macrophage parameters as a function of viral load and tissue compartment. Ongoing experiments will examine the impact of SIV infection on the antigen-presenting cell properties and inflammatory nature of DC and macrophages in the context of SIV disease-progressing and -controlling hosts. These studies should provide clarity on whether DC and macrophages serve a beneficial or detrimental capacity in SIV pathogenesis.
Ultrastructural and Morphometric Observations of Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arbacia, Spisula and Mouse Eggs*. (egg cortex/endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane/cortical granules)

Results of morphometric investigations indicate that Arbacia eggs possess a network of cortical endoplasmic reticulum equal in volume and surface area to that within the subcortex. The cortical endoplasmic reticulum surrounds individual cortical granules and forms associations with the plasma membrane reminiscent of junctions shared by the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mouse eggs, which also exhibit a cortical granule reaction, possess endoplasmic reticulum that is associated with cortical granules and the plasmalemma. The same relative volume of cortical endoplasmic reticulum is present in mouse eggs as in Arbacia. Significantly less cortical endoplasmic reticulum is present in Spisula eggs which do not undergo cortical granule discharge upon activation. These observations are discussed in light of the hypothesis that the cortical endoplasmic reticulum transduces the interaction of the gametes into an intracellular calcium release which initiates the cortical granule reaction and the activation of development.
Search for Lorentz violation in short-range gravity

A search for sidereal variations in the force between two planar tungsten oscillators separated by about $80\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ sets the first experimental limits on Lorentz violation involving quadratic couplings of the Riemann curvature, consistent with no effect at the level of $1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$.
Structural Features of the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter ABCA3

In this review we reported and discussed the structural features of the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA3 and how the use of bioinformatics tools could help researchers to obtain a reliable structural model of this important transporter. In fact, a model of ABCA3 is still lacking and no crystallographic structures (of the transporter or of its orthologues) are available. With the advent of next generation sequencing, many disease-causing mutations have been discovered and many more will be found in the future. In the last few years, ABCA3 mutations have been reported to have important pediatric implications. Thus, clinicians need a reliable structure to locate relevant mutations of this transporter and make genotype/phenotype correlations of patients affected by ABCA3-related diseases. In conclusion, we strongly believe that the model preliminarily generated by these novel bioinformatics tools could be the starting point to obtain more refined models of the ABCA3 transporter.
Fish meal replacement with solvent-extracted soybean meal or soy protein isolate in a practical diet formulation for Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus, L.) reared in low salinity

Two 8-week growth trials were conducted with juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus fed 0–1000 g kg)1 replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with soybean meal (SBM) or soy protein isolate (SPI). Practical-type diets were formulated with at least 360 g kg)1 digestible protein and 24 mg kJ)1 digestible protein/digestible energy. Weight gain and efficiency were not different between 0 and 800 g kg)1 FM protein replacement with SBM. Regression of weight gain and protein productive value suggested a conservative level of SBM substitution was 380 g kg)1 FM protein. It appeared that lysine could be limiting beyond 400 g kg)1 FM replacement. No significant differences were detected in fish fed 0 and 200 g kg)1 FM protein replacement with SPI. A decrease in weight gain and efficiency parameters occurred at 400 g kg)1 protein replacement, and fish fed a replacement of 600 g kg)1 or greater with SPI exhibited signs of starvation. A third trial indicated intake and growth were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) in fish fed 600 g kg)1 relative to 0 g kg)1 FM protein replacement with SPI. Poor palatability of diets containing 400 g kg)1 or more FM protein replacement with SPI appeared to be the causative factor for poor performance.
Why Global? Diagnosing the Globalization Literature Within a Political Economy of Higher Education

This article examines the assumed factuality of globalization in light of its persistent conceptual incoherence. Through a diagnosis of five reoccurring ambiguities within the globalization literature, I argue that the concept of globalization lacks an empirical referent. Scholars writing on globalization overcome this absence by asserting that some things (the Internet, McDonald's, etc.) and not others (genocide in Rwanda, refugee camps, etc.) are essentially “global.” It turns out, however, that who is positioned to posit some things (and not others) as “global,” and therefore posit the foundation for a theory of globalization, is shaped by a highly asymmetrical political economy of knowledge production. In particular, some scholars—usually in North American and European universities—are materially better positioned to produce knowledge about globalization than many of their colleagues in postcolonial countries. The seemingly arbitrary positing of some things as “global,” therefore, should be understood as a symptom of the highly unequal social relations in which knowledge about globalization is produced.
Initial experience with EUS-guided trucut needle biopsies of perigastric organs

Abstract Background: The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility, safety, and yield of a 19-gauge EUS-guided-trucut needle for obtaining biopsy specimens of perigastric organs. Methods: The study was performed in swine under general anesthesia. EUS-guided trucut needle biopsy specimens were obtained from the spleen, liver, pancreas body, and left kidney. Biopsy specimens were assessed for size, fragmentation, and representation of the target organ. Observations: Twenty-eight biopsy specimens were obtained from the 4 target organs with two needles. Median biopsy length was 6 mm (spleen), 4 mm (liver), 6 mm (left kidney), and 2 mm (pancreas body). Of all the specimens, 75% to 100% had tissue representative of the target organ. EUS visualization of the needle was excellent and no complications were identified. Conclusions: Use of the trucut needle under EUS guidance to obtain biopsy specimens of perigastric organs appears safe and yields specimens that are representative of the target organ sampled. Further study of the utility and safety of this needle in humans is warranted.
Minimum CAG repeat in the human calmodulin-1 gene 5′ untranslated region is required for full expression

The human calmodulin-1 gene (hCALM1) contains a (CAG)7 repeat in its 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). We found this repeat to be stable and nonpolymorphic in the human population. To determine whether the repeat region affects hCALM1 expression and whether repeat expansions to numbers known to be associated with disease in other genes may alter expression, we tested luciferase reporter genes driven by the hCALM1 promoter and 5'-UTR containing 0, 7 (wild-type), 20, and 45 CAG repeats in human NT2/D1 teratoma cells. Interestingly, the repeat deletion, (CAG)0, decreased expression by 45%, while repeat expansions to (CAG)20 and (CAG)45, or the insertion of a scrambled (C,A,G)7 sequence did not alter gene expression. These data indicate (1) that the endogenous repeat element is required for full expression of hCALM1, and (2) that some triplet repeat expansions in the 5'-UTR of protein-coding genes may be well tolerated and even optimize gene expression.
Verification servers: Enabling analysts to assess the quality of inferences from public use data

To protect confidentiality, statistical agencies typically alter data before releasing them to the public. Ideally, although generally not done, the agency also provides a way for secondary data analysts to assess the quality of inferences obtained with the released data. Quality measures can help secondary data analysts to identify inaccurate conclusions resulting from the disclosure limitation procedures, as well as have confidence in accurate conclusions. We propose a framework for an interactive, web-based system that analysts can query for measures of inferential quality. As we illustrate, agencies seeking to build such systems must consider the additional disclosure risks from releasing quality measures. We suggest some avenues of research on limiting these risks.
An Experimental Study on Mechanism of Cermet Grinding

Abstract A grinding test for Al O -Mo cermet with diamond wheel has been done. Under different conditions of dry, wet and electrolytic grinding with different fluids, currents and grinding parameters the specific grinding force, force ratio, specific energy have been measured. The ground surface, surface layer structure and chips obtained have been observed by SEM. Based on this experimental investigation the grinding mechanism of cermet material has been explored in this paper too.
Sand ridges on the inner Atlantic shelf of North America: Morphometric comparisons with Huthnance stability model

Sand ridge fields on the inner shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight are generally thought to have formed in response to northeasterly storm flows as the shoreface underwent erosional retreat with postglacial sea-level rise. However, the hydrodynamic mechanism is poorly unerstood. Coastal boundary models see the ridges as responses of the seafloor to distortions in the flow induced by the coastal boundary. Stability models propose that an irregular initial topography will evolve toward an ordered array of bedforms in response to repeated flow events. The two classes of models are not mutually exclusive, nor are members within each class mutually exclusive. Results of measurements of ridge spacing on the inner Atlantic shelf of North America agree with the predictions of stability models.
Wideband Frequency-Domain Measurement of Multipath Effects in 2.4 GHz Wireless Channels

The frequency selectivity and time variation of wireless channels will strongly influence signal waveform and receiver design for broadband wireless systems such as wireless local area networks. This paper describes the development and deployment of instrumentation to determine the frequency response of 2.4 GHz indoor wireless channels. The instrumentation is developed around a HP 87146 vector network analyzer and includes the required amplification for measurement of responses at a transmit-receive separation of up to 33 meters. While designed primarily to gather data for development of accurate small-scale multipath models, the setup is calibrated to also provide the absolute signal levels necessary for shadowing and path loss characterization. The system design and link power budget are presented along with the criteria for selecting the individual components. In addition, the methodology for correction of magnitude and phase responses of the components is detailed. Finally, the measurement campaign is described, and sample results are presented that exhibit the frequency- and time-selectivity of these channels.
Usefulness of abnormal heart rate recovery on exercise stress testing to predict high-risk findings on single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in men.

Abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise treadmill testing predicts adverse cardiac outcomes, although whether abnormal HRR on exercise treadmill testing should prompt further diagnostic cardiac testing is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk stress single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) findings in patients with abnormal HRR. A total of 509 men who had been referred for exercise stress MPI and were without other abnormal exercise treadmill testing findings (ischemic electrocardiographic changes or exercise treadmill testing-induced angina) were included in this study. Abnormal HRR was defined as a decrease in heart rate or=4, 49% vs 27%; p = 0.001), severe coronary heart disease (SSS >8, 36% vs 7%; p 8 or LV ejection fraction <40%; 40% vs 9%; p <0.001) compared with those without abnormal HRR. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, abnormal HRR was found to be an independent predictor of mild or greater coronary heart disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 4.3, p = 0.003), severe coronary heart disease (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.7 to 11.0, p <0.001), and composite high-risk MPI findings (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 8.6, p <0.001). In conclusion, abnormal HRR on exercise treadmill testing was associated with a high prevalence of abnormal and high-risk stress MPI findings, even in patients without other exercise treadmill testing findings that traditionally would prompt further testing. These findings suggest that further testing with stress MPI should be considered in patients with abnormal HRR on routine exercise treadmill testing.
TLR-mediated immune activation in HIV.

In this issue of Blood , Baenziger and colleagues demonstrate that chronic triggering of TLR7 in mice using soluble synthetic or HIV-1–derived TLR7 ligands leads to immune activation and disruption of lymphoid architecture similar to those observed in chronic HIV-1 infection in humans. The link
Creation of a dual-porosity micromodel for pore-level visualization of multiphase flow

Abstract This paper describes the creation and testing of an etched-silicon micromodel that has the features and characteristics of a dual-porosity pore system mimicking those found in certain carbonate reservoir rocks. This micromodel consists of a two-dimensional (2D) pore network etched into a silicon wafer with a bonded glass cover that permits direct visual examination of pore-level displacement mechanisms and pore-network characteristics during fluid flow experiments. The approach began by creating a mosaic of images from a carbonate thin section of a sample with both high porosity and permeability using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in back-scattered mode (BSE). Connections based on high-pressure mercury injection data were made to ensure that the 2D connectivity in the imaged pore structure was representative of the three dimensional (3D) pore network of the carbonate sample. Microelectronic photolithography techniques were then adapted to create micromodels for subsequent fluid flow experiments. Micromodel surfaces were made oil- or water-wet by various techniques. One of the main advantages of having a representative carbonate dual-porosity micromodel is the ability to observe pore-level mechanisms of multiphase flow and interpret petrophysical properties. Another advantage is that multiple replicates are available with identical conditions for each new experiment. Micromodel utility is demonstrated here through the measurement of porosity, permeability, fluid desaturation patterns, and recovery factors.
Managing Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children with fish oil and ACE inhibitor therapy

SUMMARY: Background: Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a vasculitic syndrome with palpable purpura and renal involvement. The treatment for HSP with persistent renal disease remains controversial. The kidney biopsy in HSP shows IgA deposits and fish-oil therapy has proven to be promising in halting the progression of IgA nephropathy. Methods: Five children with biopsy-proven HSP with repeated episodes of haematuria and proteinuria were treated with fish oil (1 g orally twice daily). In three of the five patients an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was added for hypertension. Results: The mean duration of follow up after starting fish-oil therapy was 49.2 weeks. The protein excretion rate prior to starting fish oil was 1041 mg/day and on the last follow-up visit the rate had decreased to 104 mg/day (P < 0.05). The average blood pressure (BP) prior to therapy was 135/82. On the last follow-up visit the average BP off ACEI had decreased to 100/54 (P < 0.05). After a year of follow up serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rates have remained stable at 51.2 µmol/L and 128 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report of abatement of HSP with fish oil and ACEI in children. There is a need for randomized prospective trials to confirm this observation.
Nonlinear measures of modal controllability and observability

Abstract This work utilizes normal forms of vector fields to develop nonlinear measures of modal controllability and observability. The linear concepts of eigenvectors are extended to include second order information. Data from the 50-generator IEEE test system is used in this investigation. The contribution of this work is that it includes second-order effects on system performance in a form similar to the linear concept of modal oscillations. Thus, in stressed system conditions where system behavior is not adequately explained using linear analysis, the existing linear methods of control design and placement can be adapted to account for second-order effects. In this manner, the range of usefulness of the existing methods has been extended.
Spatially and temporally resolved characterization of an air breakdown plasma using A 110 GHz, 1.4 MW gyrotron

We present new results on air breakdown using a 1.4 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron operating in 3 microsecond pulses. The linearly polarized beam is focused to a 3.2 mm diameter spot size. The resulting breakdown plasma spontaneously forms a two-dimensional array of filaments or streamers, oriented along electric field lines, that propagate toward the source1. Making use of a fast gating ICCD, we have documented the formation and dynamics of the array with 2 nanosecond time resolution. In addition, a two-wavelength laser interferometer, operating at 532 and 635 nm, has been used to make spatially and temporally resolved electron density measurements of the plasma array, again with nanosecond time resolution. Measurements are made as a function of incident microwave power and ambient air pressure. Microwave power is varied from the breakdown threshold up to 1.4 MW. Ambient air pressure is varied between 25 and 700 Torr.
Analysis and experimental studies of the control of hang gliders

A theoretical analysis of the longitudinal and lateral characteristics of hang gliders in straight flight, pullups, and turns is presented. Some examples of the characteristics of a straight-wing configuration and a Rogallo-wing configuration are given. A means for improving the control of hang gliders while retaining the same basic control feel is proposed.
Total number, distribution, and phenotype of cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the normal human amygdala.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a key structural component of the brain extracellular matrix. They are involved in critical neurodevelopmental functions and are one of the main components of pericellular aggregates known as perineuronal nets. As a step toward investigating their functional and pathophysiological roles in the human amygdala, we assessed the pattern of CSPG expression in the normal human amygdala using wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) lectin histochemistry. Total numbers of WFA-labeled elements were measured in the lateral (LN), basal (BN), accessory basal (ABN) and cortical (CO) nuclei of the amygdala from 15 normal adult human subjects. For interspecies qualitative comparison, we also investigated the pattern of WFA labeling in the amygdala of naive rats (n=32) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n=6). In human amygdala, WFA lectin histochemistry resulted in labeling of perineuronal nets and cells with clear glial morphology, while neurons did not show WFA labeling. Total numbers of WFA-labeled glial cells showed high interindividual variability. These cells aggregated in clusters with a consistent between-subjects spatial distribution. In a subset of human subjects (n=5), dual color fluorescence using an antibody raised against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and WFA showed that the majority (93.7%) of WFA-labeled glial cells correspond to astrocytes. In rat and monkey amygdala, WFA histochemistry labeled perineuronal nets, but not glial cells. These results suggest that astrocytes are the main cell type expressing CSPGs in the adult human amygdala. Their highly segregated distribution pattern suggests that these cells serve specialized functions within human amygdalar nuclei.
Tomosynthesis-based localization of radioactive seeds in prostate brachytherapy

~Received 14 April 2003; revised 25 July 2003; accepted for publication 17 September 2003;published 19 November 2003!Accurately assessing the quality of prostate brachytherapy intraoperatively would be valuable forimproved clinical outcome by ensuring the delivery of a prescribed tumoricidal radiation dose to theentire prostate gland. One necessary step towards this goal is the robust and rapid localization ofimplanted seeds. Several methods have been developed to locate seeds from x-ray projectionimages, but they fail to detect completely-overlapping seeds, thus necessitating manual interven-tion. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a new method where ~1! a three-dimensionalvolume is reconstructed from x-ray projection images using a brachytherapy-speciﬁc tomosynthesisreconstruction algorithm with built-in blur compensation and ~2! the seeds are located in thisreconstructed volume. In contrast to other projection-based methods, our method can detect com-pletely overlapping seeds. Our simulation results indicate that we can locate all implanted seeds inthe prostate using a tomosynthesis angle of 30° and seven projection images. The mean localizationerror is 1.27 mm for a case with 100 seeds. We have also tested our method using a prostatephantom with 61 implanted seeds and succeeded in locating all seeds automatically. We believe thisnew method can be useful for the intraoperative quality assessment of prostate brachytherapy in thefuture. © 2003 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. @DOI: 10.1118/1.1624755#Key words: prostate brachytherapy, seed localization, intraoperative dosimetry, tomosynthesisI. INTRODUCTIONProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death inmen in the United States, but it can be fully treated if de-tected early.
Potent fluorinated agelastatin analogues for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: design, synthesis, and pharmacokinetic studies.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoid neoplasia in Western societies and is currently incurable. Multiple treatment options are practiced, but the available small molecule drugs suffer from dose-limiting toxicity and undesirable side effects. The need for new, less toxic treatments is a pressing concern. Here, we demonstrate that (−)-agelastatin A (1a), a pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid obtained from a marine sponge, exhibits potent in vitro activity against primary cell lines of CLL and disclose the synthesis of several analogues that are equipotent or exceed the potency of the natural product. The novel synthetic analogue, 13-debromo-13-trifluoromethyl agelastatin A (1j), showed higher activity than the natural product when tested against the same cell lines and is the most potent agelastatin derivative reported to date. A detailed in vitro structure–activity relationship of 1a in CLL compared to that of 22 synthetic analogues is described along with preliminary in vivo pharmacokinet...
Thermally reconfigurable device for adaptive reflection suppression on a silicon-on-insulator platform

We demonstrate a compact, thermally reconfigurable reflection suppressor on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, without reliance on nonreciprocal mechanisms. A reflection suppression ratio of 40 dB is achieved with a footprint of 105 μm in length. The insertion loss of the device is below 0.15 dB, and its total power consumption stays below 20 mW. The operation bandwidth depends on the frequency dependence of the back reflection going into the suppressor, which is predominantly determined by the distance between the device and the source of reflection. In this work, a 20 dB reflection suppression bandwidth of 20.7 GHz was achieved.
Carbonatitic melts along the solidus of model lherzolite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 from 3 to 7 GPa

We have experimentally determined the solidus position of model lherzolite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 (CMAS.CO2) from 3 to 7 GPa by locating isobaric invariant points where liquid coexists with olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet and carbonate. The intersection of two subsolidus reactions at the solidus involving carbonate generates two invariant points, I1A and I2A, which mark the transition from CO2-bearing to dolomite-bearing and dolomite-bearing to magnesite-bearing lherzolite respectively. In CMAS.CO2, we find I1A at 2.6 GPa/1230 °C and I2A at 4.8 GPa/1320 °C. The variation of all phase compositions along the solidus has also been determined. In the pressure range investigated, solidus melts are carbonatitic with SiO2 contents of <6 wt%, CO2 contents of ˜45 wt%, and Ca/(Ca+Mg) ratios that range from 0.59 (3 GPa) to 0.45 (7 GPa); compositionally they resemble natural magnesiocarbonatites. Volcanic magnesiocarbonatites may well be an example of the eruption of such melts directly from their mantle source region as evidenced by their diatremic style of activity and lack of associated silicate magmas. Our data in the CMAS.CO2 system show that in a carbonate-bearing mantle, solidus and near-solidus melts will be CO2-rich and silica poor. The widespread evidence for the presence of CO2 in both the oceanic and continental upper mantle implies that such low degree SiO2-poor carbonatitic melts are common in the mantle, despite the rarity of carbonatites themselves at the Earth's surface.
A glucose-stimulated nonelectrogenic sodium pump in ileal remnants after jejunectomy

Abstract Ileal remnants which have adapted after jejunectomy exhibit greater glucose dependence for sodium transport and lower glucose-stimulated transmural potential differences than do normal ileal segments. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the transport processes of the adapted remnant may begin to imitate those characteristic of the resected segment, a notion we have termed “jejunization”.