cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the response of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) to cold treatment.

Recent interceptions of live Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), larvae in fruit that had been cold-treated during transit from abroad led to a reevaluation of the scientific basis for the relevant regulatory treatment schedules. A time–temperature response surface model based on the original experimental data from 1916 was developed and evaluated based on subsequent experimental trials and recent surveillance data collected from shipping operations. The resultant model is reasonably robust and supports the conclusion that the previous treatment schedule falls short of the intended probit nine level of security. Given the vintage of the data, methodological inconsistencies among studies, and the potential consequences of new introductions, additional research is warranted. Quantitative analysis of the currently available data suggests that future studies regarding the efficacy of cold storage should focus on low-temperature, short-duration treatments, where uncertainty about performance appears greatest. The analysis of subsequent experiments also demonstrates that for cold treatment trials most often resulting in zero survivors, Bayesian statistical methods applied to a series of replicated trials of more manageable size offers a feasible alternative to conducting impracticably large trials.
Technology Diffusion and Currency Carry Trades

The paper identifies a unique dimension of currency carry trades that it is related to the intensity of technology transition across countries. Particularly, I show that technology diffusion is a fundamental determinant of currency premia and it is priced in the cross-section of currency excess returns. Technology spillovers are measured based on the R&D concentration as well as the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) that are associated with domestic patents owned by foreign investors. Intuitively, carry traders require a risk premium for financing risky innovation in countries with high patent related FDI inflows. Similarly, a positive risk premium is obtained from countries with high concentration of technology transition as investment currencies are subject to the R&D of the funding countries.
Last Meal/Last Supper

This is a short chapter from an upcoming book entitled Jesus Christ, Defendant. It examines the connections between the Last Supper and the often celebrated last meals of criminal defendants.
JASN: The Next Era—A Look at Where We Have Been and Where We Want to Go

The opportunity to serve the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) as editor-in-chief of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN) is an honor that I look forward to with both excitement and humility. This journal, different from most of its competitors, has a truly remarkable history
How Effective Are High-Order Approximations in Shock-Capturing Methods? Is There a Law of Diminishing Returns?

High-order approximations are effective in increasing the accuracy per unit mesh cell of finite difference methods under almost all circumstances. This is also appears to be true for flows containing discontinuities, prototypically shock waves. The nature of their effectiveness must include the increased cost incurred when invoking higher order approximations. Because formal order of accuracy is lost in a shock wave propagating in a coupled system of equations [9], the higher order methods do not accumulate the significant advantage available for smooth linear problems. Here, we examine whether shock-capturing methods are benefited with higher efficiency when blended with higher order approximations. We will test the proposition in two separate situations: using forwardin-time Godunov methods with piecewise linear and parabolic reconstructions [16, 3, 4, 7], and method-of-lines with flux splitting using a weighted ENO method [8, 1, 15]. In both cases the presumption is that the high-order will provide greater accuracy. The question to ponder is whether the improvement in accuracy is worth the additional cost. To achieve our results we will examine several standard test problems [6] including Sod’s shock tube [14], the interacting blast wave problem [17], and the Shu-Osher shock-entropy wave [13]. These problems include simple to complex structures in a standard one-dimensional setting. We will also add some discussion of the results achieved for a one-dimensional breaking wave problem that is analytic prior to the formation of a shock [5]. The evaluation will be done in the same manner as the study in [6].
COMPARATIVE ALBUMIN AND BIOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION IN PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS.

Evidence that the serum protein albumin evolves "in step" with other proteins was presented in 1973 (Sarich et al., 1973). A good correlation was demonstrated between micro-complement fixation (MC'F) measured albumin evolution and multiprotein evolution (as measured by Nei distance calculations from electrophoretic studies) for a few pairs of frog species and several pairs of primate species. This work was extended for frogs (Case et al., 1975) and further substantiated for mammals and reptiles by Sarich (1977). We present additional data on lungless salamanders of the family Plethodontidae, stemming from studies of several plethodontid genera (Wake et al., 1978; Highton and Larson, 1979; Maxson et al., 1979). We also compare albumin evolution in the genus Plethodon with DNA evolution as measured by DNA hybridization studies of Mizuno and Macgregor (1974). A good correlation is observed between albumin evolution and these other independent assessments of molecular evolution in salamanders.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Complicated by Bilothorax

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a well-established and safe technique for the management of biliary obstructions and leaks. While approach is variable based on operator preference, patient anatomy, and indications; PTBD is commonly performed via a right-sided intercostal route. With a right-sided approach, pleural complications may be encountered. The authors describe a case of a right PTBD complicated by a leak into the pleural space, with the subsequent development of bilothorax.
Responses of the Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, to Two Sterile Male Release Methods in South Texas, 1975–1976

The relative effectiveness of 2 sterile fly release methods was tested against natural populations of the Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), in South Texas in 1976. The experimental treatment, applied to a 5284-km2 area, comprised the release of 477–681 flies/km2/wk (both sexes) distributed in units of 400 from parallel flight lanes set 2 km apart. The 2nd sterile fly release method was applied simultaneously to the remainder of South Texas; it consisted of 858–2574 flies/km2/wk aerially distributed in units of 2000 from lanes 8 km apart (this was the standard program treatment from 1968 to 1977). Fertility of screwworm egg masses collected from wounded, sentinel sheep demonstrated that sterile mating frequencies were greatest in the experimental area. Geometric mean egg mass densities, however, were statistically equal between treatments. The disparity in sterility between treatments was therefore unlikely to have resulted from unequal native screwworm fly densities. The incidence of reported screwworm cases was significantly less in the area given the low-dose experimental treatment. A 3-fold increase was observed in case incidence when large fly containers were substituted for the small, flight lanes were widened, and sterile fly doses were increased in the experimental zone. Simultaneously in the control zone, case incidence increased only 1.24-fold. The test results are hypothetically explained by a missile-target analogy and postrelease dispersal behavior of sterile males. Because test results were colored by the worst screwworm epizootic since 1972, some phenomena underlying the outbreak are described. Highly fertile overwintering screwworm populations are suggested to have been the primary factor in generating the 1976 epizootic.
Assembly, Mating, and Thermoregulating Behavior of Stable Flies under Field Conditions

Male stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), rested on prominent bright sunlit objects near their hosts. On mild days males were present on such objects (waiting stations) throughout the day with peak populations occurring early in the morning. On cool days, male activity was confined to midday. When a waiting station was coated with adhesive, 60% of captured flies were males. Of the females caught, 35–54% were unmated. Ca. 26% of the flies were engorged and ca. 37% had not had their first meal. Stable flies fed on the host throughout the day in mild temperatures, but ceased to feed when the temperature failed to exceed ca. 10°C. Males resting on waiting stations darted out after other flying insects and engaged them in aerial interactions. Observations of marked males indicated that some males maintained their positions several hours while other males remained only a few minutes and left their positions after aerial interactions with larger males. Males also encountered receptive females at the waiting stations. Males mounted females in the air or on the ground but copulation occurred on a perch. During the winter months, stable flies basked in the sun at the waiting stations and were able. to maintain internal temperatures up to 14.8°C higher than ambient temperatures. When internal temperatures reached 31–34°C flies were found at shaded resting sites.
DNA promoter methylation and head and neck cancer survival

B106 Background: An estimated 34,360 new squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cancers and 7,550 deaths will occur in the U.S. in 2007, accounting for 3-5% of all malignancies. About 30-50% of SCCHN patients will develop a recurrence and/or a second primary tumor during the follow up. It is important to define early predictors of cancer recurrence at time of diagnosis. >Methods: 89 subjects undergoing surgical resection of their first primary tumors were enrolled, after informed consent, at the University of Pittsburgh; patient demographic, smoking and alcohol use, clinical treatment and follow-up information were collected with a standardized questionnaire. HPV status was known for all the tumors DNA from tumors was extracted, and methylation-specific PCR was used for the analysis of MGMT and CDKN2A promoter methylation. >Results: Themean age of thepatients was 62.3 + 12.9 years; 64.0% of them were males. Average follow up was 65.2 + 49.0 months. 30.3% of the tumors showed MGMT promoter methylation and 11.5% showed CDKN2A methylation. MGMT promoter methylation was significantly associated with both recurrence (p=0.03) and overall survival (p=0.02). A non-significant inverse association of promoter hypermethylation and both recurrence and survival was observed for CDKN2A. Only 3.3% of the samples showed hypermethylation of both MGMT and CDKN2A. All of the HPV-positive tumors carried non-methylated CDKN2A promoters. This is likely related to the fact that HPV positive tumors are more likely to over-express p16. >Conclusions: MGMT promoter hypermethylation is a predictor of SCCHN outcome, possibly because of its role in apoptotic and DNA repair. Further studies are needed to investigate the interaction between promoter hypermethylation of MGMT, CDKN2A, and HPV infection and their combined effect on SCCHN outcome.
Learned Helplessness and Depressive Symptoms Following Myocardial Infarction

Psychosocial factors are known to impact depressive symptoms across clinical populations. Learned helplessness has the potential of affecting depressive symptoms following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), though little is known about this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between learned helplessness and depressive symptoms in patients following an AMI. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, participants with a diagnosed AMI within the past 12 months were recruited. Standardized instruments and measures were used to evaluate learned helplessness and depressive symptoms. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between learned helplessness and depressive symptoms, suggesting that individuals with higher self-reported levels of learned helplessness also reported more depressive symptoms. These results indicate learned helplessness is associated with depressive symptoms in individuals following an AMI. In developing post-AMI treatment plans, health care staff should focus on psychologic points of intervention to the same extent as physiologic interventions.
Mandatory Drug Testing of Student Athletes: A Policy Response to Vernonia School District, 47J v. Acton:

The prevalence of drugs on the campuses of our nation's schools is of great concern to parents, educators, and society in general. To combat the rising tide of drug use a school district in Vernoni...
Quantum decimation in Hilbert space: Coarse graining without structure

We present a technique to coarse grain quantum states in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. Our method is distinguished from other approaches by not relying on structures such as a preferred factorization of Hilbert space or a preferred set of operators (local or otherwise) in an associated algebra. Rather, we use the data corresponding to a given set of states, either specified independently or constructed from a single state evolving in time. Our technique is based on principle component analysis (PCA), and the resulting coarse-grained quantum states live in a lower-dimensional Hilbert space whose basis is defined using the underlying (isometric embedding) transformation of the set of fine-grained states we wish to coarse grain. Physically, the transformation can be interpreted to be an ``entanglement coarse-graining'' scheme that retains most of the global, useful entanglement structure of each state, while needing fewer degrees of freedom for its reconstruction. This scheme could be useful for efficiently describing collections of states whose number is much smaller than the dimension of Hilbert space, or a single state evolving over time.
Peptides Released from Foremilk and Hindmilk Proteins by Breast Milk Proteases Are Highly Similar

Human milk contains active proteases that initiate hydrolysis of milk proteins within the mammary gland. Milk expressed at the beginning of feeding is known as foremilk and that at the end of feeding is known as hindmilk. As hindmilk contains higher fat, vitamins A and E, and higher calories than foremilk, feeding only hindmilk initially and reserving foremilk for later is practiced in some neonatal intensive care units. This study investigated the difference in peptide profiles, predicted milk protease activities, and bioactive peptides between foremilk and hindmilk. Bioactive peptides are short fragments of proteins that influence biological processes. Four mothers pumped 10 mL of their foremilk and 10 mL of their hindmilk into iced containers prepared with antiproteases and the samples were immediately frozen. The peptide profile of each sample was analyzed by liquid chromatography nano-electrospray ionization Orbitrap Fusion tandem mass spectrometry. Peptide abundance (sum of ion intensities) and count (number of unique peptide sequences) in each milk sample were determined from this analysis. The specific enzymes that participated in peptide release were predicted based on the amino acids positioned at each cleavage site. Peptide bioactivity was predicted based on homology to a known functional peptide database and two bioactivity prediction algorithms. Hindmilk contained a higher count of peptides than foremilk. The higher number of unique peptide sequences in hindmilk were related to hydrolysis of β-casein, osteopontin, αs1-casein and mucin 1 via plasmin and elastase cleavage, and possible aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase activities. Though hindmilk contained a greater number of peptides than foremilk, the overall peptide abundance did not differ, and most of the total peptide abundance derived from peptide sequences that were present in both milk types. The presence of higher numbers of predicted bioactive peptides in the hindmilk could indicate that the practice of providing hindmilk rather than foremilk to premature infants could positively impact health outcomes; however, as there are few differences in overall peptide abundance, the overall effect is likely limited.
An overview of control architecture for next generation smart grids

Smart grids are becoming practical nowadays with their integrated, complex and communicative architecture. The addition of renewable energy sources, control automation, information and communication technologies (ICT), advanced monitoring and protection and smart metering has further increased the complexity. Next generation smart grid will act as an interactive energy web with multi-way communication, multi-directional power flow, distributed intelligence including control, stability and optimization. To enable this type of architecture, the performance constraints in control design such as power fluctuations, voltage unbalance, frequency mismatch, transition management and fault handling need to be addressed. This intelligent network must be scalable and flexible under variable operating conditions for efficient, reliable, and economic operation. An overview of the control architecture for next generation smart grids is provided in this paper.
Spatial patterns and social/cultural implications of Japanese fast food chains in China

ABSTRACTFast food is a widely used phenomenon in geography to analyze socioeconomic issues at both the national and city scales. Due to the increasing popularity of fast food as symbol of globalization, more participants have entered this competitive industry. This article examines two new elements in the industry: Japanese fast food, representing a new trend, and China, representing a new geography of consumption. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of these new fast food stores in China. By applying a series of quantitative and qualitative methods including cartographical mapping, regression modeling, and crowdsourcing label cataloging, it reveals that these Japanese fast food stores present an attractive catering choice for highly educated youth in China. Through the analysis of the spatial distribution of these stores, a new model of fast food is generating new social/cultural implications in the world's largest emerging economy.
Successful Diagnosis of Intestinal Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Using Nasogastric Aspirate Culture: A Case Report

Intestinal Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections are rare and can be challenging to diagnose. We describe a case of intestinal MAC infection in a kidney transplant recipient with 5 months of unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain who developed intestinal obstruction. Esophagoduodenoscopy with biopsies was performed but was nondiagnostic. Intestinal MAC was diagnosed via nasogastric aspirate culture results. The patient's symptoms rapidly improved after initiation of appropriate treatment, but he later died of aspiration pneumonia and candidemia.
Bottom-Up Urbanism in China Urban Villages and City Development

Chinese urban villages, an informal form of urbanism, have created surprising pedestrian-oriented and mixed-use urban conditions—conditions that the formal city, restrained by dated zoning regulations that advantages vehicular transportation and mono-use, could not achieve. Literally villages within the city, or chengzhongcun, these are previously agricultural villages that have been engulfed by the city. However, these countless villages wedged within urban areas are now being ‘redeveloped,’ in what is the world’s largest urban demolition. This chapter argues for the value of urban villages as places, for their incorporation into cities rather than their demolition, and suggests that there are lessons in urban villages for the formation of China’s new urban design guidelines.
Home Practice Dysponesis

Many of our daily activities contain dysponetic components of which we are unaware. The objective of this home practice is to (1) identify these components and (2) inhibit them.
Identification of genotype of blood group A and B.

The human blood groups (ABO) are known to be determined by the terminal glycosyl residues attached to common carbohydrate chains of the red cell surface. N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A-enzyme) in blood group A persons and galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) in blood group B persons are responsible for producing A and B substances on the red cell surface, with both enzymes absent in blood group O persons. It has been impossible, without examining their family pedigree, to determine genotypes (i.e., AA or AO, BB or BO) of group A and B persons. The blood group A-enzyme was purified to homogeneity, and rabbit antibody against A-enzyme was prepared. The existence of an enzymatically inactive, but immunologically cross-reactive protein (CRM), was demonstrated in O plasma. Immunoneutralization profiles of homozygous AA or BB plasma were clearly distinguished from those of heterozygous AO or BO plasma. In addition, the existence of CRM in heterozygous AO and BO plasma, but not in homozygous AA and BB plasma, was demonstrated by separating CRM and active enzyme (A and B) by affinity chromatography. Thus, genotypes of the blood groups can be identified with certainty by these biochemical methods. The existence of CRM in O plasma and heterozygous AO and BO plasma but not in homozygous AA and BB plasma, is incompatible with any nonallelic model for ABO locus. The genes governing the blood group expression should be truly allelic.
Biological N Inputs

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). BNF is a process exclusively restricted to the prokaryotes of the domains archaea and bacteria. However, there are many examples of symbiotic associations that have developed between eukaryotes and prokaryotes that circumvent the eukaryotes' needs for an exogenous supply of fixed nitrogen. Bacteria that use N2 as the sole source of nitrogen are called “diazotrophs.” Although only a limited number of bacterial species fix N2, they represent a wide variety of phylogenetically and physiologically distinct types that occupy different ecological niches. BNF is mediated by an enzyme complex called “nitrogenase,” which is composed of two proteins (dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase). There are three different forms of nitrogenase that differ in their requirements for molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), or iron (Fe) as a critical metallic component of the cofactor associated with the catalytic site. The chapter explains concepts of biological nitrogen fixation, free-living N2-fixing bacteria, and associative N2-fixing bacteria. Phototrophic bacteria as well as symbiotic N2-fixing associations between legumes and Rhizobia are discussed along with the biotechnology of BNF.
ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED BIOEFFECTS VIA MECHANICAL STRESSES

While diagnostic medicine employs ultrasound as a passive interrogator, other applications use the radiation as an active agent, i.e., one which alters the materials with which it interacts. Thus, in selected areas of therapy, and in laboratory arrangements for fragmenting cells, the ultrasound brings about structural or functional changes. Some of these arise from temperature elevation produced by the ultrasound. For others, to be emphasized in this talk, the changes result from mechanical forces and stresses. Especially significant are sonically generated stress fields of microscopic scale, of the order of cellular and subcellular dimensions, associated with microstreaming, radiation forces and radiation torques. These small-scale stress fields often have unusual characteristics not expected from large-scale observations; for example, they are sometimes greatly affected by the presence of microscopic gas bubbles. In this talk the physical basis for sonically generated stress fields will be reviewed, both for first-order (oscillatory) and second-order contributions. The latter include time-independent quantities whose typical magnitude is proportional to the square of the sonic amplitude. Among the significant quantities of this type are radiation forces; these cause redistribution of cells and other particles in blood vessels, and in other situations. Radiation forces also act between neighboring cells or other particles, thus affecting interparticle contacts and aggregation patterns. Another, related, second-order quantity is radiation torque; because of this torque, intracellular structures are subjected to twisting action. Also of second-order are the fields of strain and flow which are set up in gel-like media or liquids near inhomogeneities and, especially, near small gas bubbles. These are caused by distributions of “effective force,” and can lead to alterations in biological structures or processes. Implications of these stress fields for applications of ultrasound to bio-systems will be discussed.
Magnetic Resonance Studies on Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase

Experiments have been initiated aimed at elucidating the role of the divalent cation required in the RuBP carboxylase-catalyzed reaction. Metal ion is clearly required for activation of the enzyme. However, there is some question concerning an additional role for metal in the catalytic process. Past studies have shown that RuBP and analogous compounds decrease the enhancement of the water proton relaxation rate which arises from binding of a paramagnetic divalent cation, Mn2+, to enzyme. Consider, for example, the titration of a RuBP carboxylase-Mn2+-CO2 solution with the transition state analog carboxyribitol bisphosphate. To account for the decrease in observed enhancement from an initial value of 18 to a final value of 1, displacement of water molecules bound in the inner coordination sphere of Mn2+ may be invoked. Such displacement could be accomplished if a ligand from CRBP or enzyme replaced a water molecule. Another explanation for the data would be that binding of CRBP results in an altered enzyme conformation which leaves Mn2+ with innersphere water ligands that can no longer rapidly exchange with the aqueous medium.
Atmospheric rivers impacting Northern California and their modulation by a variable climate

Understanding the role of climate variability in modulating the behavior of land-falling atmospheric rivers (ARs) is important for seasonal and subseasonal predictability for water resource management and flood control. We examine daily activity of ARs targeting the Northern California coast over six decades using observations of synoptic-scale circulation, high-resolution precipitation, and a long-term AR detection catalog to quantify distinct types of land-falling ARs categorized by their circulation features. We demonstrate how dramatically different atmospheric states evolve into landfalling ARs along distinct pathways that are modulated by interannual (El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and subseasonal (Arctic Oscillation, Pacific North American Pattern, Western Pacific Oscillation, and the Eastern Pacific Oscillation) modes of large-scale climate variability. Different configurations of climate variability modes are shown to favor ARs having different characteristics in terms of synoptic evolution, integrated vapor transport and landfall orientation resulting in different patterns of precipitation over the landscape. In particular, our results show that while ENSO plays an important role in modulating the synoptic evolution of ARs and their orientation at landfall, subseasonal regional climate modes, which also influence landfall orientation as well as the position of the storm track, appear to be more influential than ENSO in modulating precipitation variability in California. This could have implications for seasonal to subseasonal (S2S) forecasting. Finally, we examine AR activity over the most recent and highly anomalous winter 2016–2017 and show how the unprecedented wet conditions in Northern California were at least partly due to the persistence of ARs characterized by a southward storm track and southerly orientation, which represent the type of ARs associated with heavy rainfall in California, and which are associated with the negative phase of subseasonal regional teleconnection patterns.
Life satisfaction among older adult, long-term cancer survivors: A comparison of Black with White survivors.

Objective This paper proposes and evaluates a model of the relative importance that cancer-related health factor along with other health factors have for the self-rated health and life satisfaction of older adult, long-term cancer survivors. The data are examined in the context of important racial differences in health and life satisfaction along with other covariates including gender and education. Method This research utilizes regression-based path analysis to examine data from a sample of 321 older (age 60+), long-term (5+ years since diagnosis) cancer survivors. Respondents were randomly selected from the tumor registry of a major university hospital cancer center from among those with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer. Blacks were oversampled to provide the analytic power to make racial comparisons among cancer survivors. Results Bivariate analysis indicates that there is a consistent pattern of Black/White differences in both cancer-related and general health characteristics as well as life satisfaction among older cancer survivors. Moreover, the results suggest that race is an important predictor of older survivors' health characteristics. These, in turn, explain significant variance in both self-rated health and life satisfaction, that is, attributed to Black/White differences in these predictors. Conclusions Clinical health and social service providers need to be aware of the importance of both general health and cancer-related health factors when working with minority long-term cancer survivors as these have implications for their overall quality of life.
High Energy Electron Scattering and Electron Correlation in Atoms and Molecules

Recent measurements of the one and two electron potential energies in Ne show conflicting results for the partitioning of correlation effects. The need for further measurements and theoretical calculations is stressed.
Rapid disruption of the cortical microcirculation after mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of cognitive deficits affecting millions annually. The bulk of human injuries are mild, causing little or no macroscopic damage to neural tissue, yet can still lead to long-term neuropathology manifesting months or years later. Although the cellular stressors that ultimately lead to chronic pathology are poorly defined, one notable candidate is metabolic stress due to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is common to many forms of TBI. Here we used high-resolution in vivo intracranial imaging in a rodent injury model to characterize deficits in the cortical microcirculation during both acute and chronic phases after mild TBI. We found that CBF dropped precipitously during immediate post-injury periods, decreasing to less than half of baseline levels within minutes and remaining suppressed for 1.5-2 hours. Repeated time-lapse imaging of the cortical microvasculature revealed further striking flow deficits in the capillary network, where 18% of vessels were completely occluded for extended periods after injury, and an additional >50% showed substantial stoppages. Decreased CBF was paralleled by extensive vasoconstriction that is likely to contribute to loss of flow. Our data indicate a major role for vascular dysfunction in even mild forms of TBI, and suggest that acute post-injury periods may be key therapeutic windows for interventions that restore flow and mitigate metabolic stress.
An Academic’s Path

Melissa A. Bray is a Professor and Director of the School Psychology Program within the Neag School of Education at the University of Connecticut. She is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society, and a member of the Society for the Study of School Psychology. She holds credentials in the areas of psychology, school psychology, and speech/language pathology. She has published or has in the press more than 175 articles, chapters, and reviews, and has presented more than 100 scholarly papers at national and international conferences. She serves as an associate editor of the International Journal of School and Educational Psychology and has served as an associate editor of School Psychology Quarterly. Dr. Bray was the 2003 recipient of the APA Division 16’s Lightner Witmer Award. She is currently the President-Elect of APA’s Division 16. Her research interests are in the areas of interventions for communication disorders (mainly stuttering), classroom disruptive behavior, and physical health and wellness, especially asthma and cancer.
DynoBrace: Stability Control of Ankle Joint Using a Mobile App Controlled Smart Brace Device

Ankle joint injuries and instability are becoming the most common injury involving the musculoskeletal system. People’s lifestyles consist of a variety of activities which would involve stretching and tearing of the three outer ligaments of the foot. Almost 2.15 per 1000 persons, in the general population, per year will experience some form of ankle joint sprain or injury. Although in many cases the patients go on to heal without long term consequences, some may go on to develop chronic ankle instability overtime. As the ankle heals, different braces are introduced to the patient. The constant stiffness that passive braces impose on the patient can negatively affect the gait cycle and the overall motion of the ankle joint over time. Ankle joint instability is a debilitating condition incorporating recurrent sprains, persistent pain and repeated instances of giving way. Wearable ankle braces or assistive devices are intended to provide stability to the injured joint and help the user to get back to the normal lifestyle while the joint is healing and recovering its normal function. Although such devices have been shown to be useful, many limitations interfere with user’s lifestyle by preventing them to pursue occupational or normal day activities due to joint impairment. Lengthy recovery time due to lack of the joint’s natural activity is an example of such limitation. Controlled and limited exercise and mobility is important during recovery to improve the function in the nerves in the joint, increase stability, and decrease the patient’s recovery time. This paper discusses a dynamic wearable smart brace developed and designed to improve the function and preserve the anatomical range of motion of the ankle joint in adults who suffer from ankle joint injury or instability. This paper illustrates the design of the DynoBrace, a smart, adaptive and dynamic brace that uses Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology integrated with the help of a user-friendly mobile device application. The design of the interface is proposed to be a printed circuit board (PCB) of a relatively small size that attaches to the brace. This PCB will be connected to the sensors through wires and will connect to the smart devices wirelessly via Bluetooth. User defined comfort and range of motion is of paramount importance for this smart adaptive brace.
Multiscale modeling and optimal operation of millifluidic synthesis of perovskite quantum dots: Towards size-controlled continuous manufacturing

Abstract Inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a promising semiconducting nanomaterial candidate for widespread applications, including next-generation solar cells, displays, and photocatalysts. The optoelectronic properties of colloidal QDs are majorly dictated by their bandgap energy (related to their size). Thus, it is important to fine-tune the size while having fast and continuous production of QDs. However, the mass and heat transfer limitations of batch reactors with batch-to-batch variations have hindered precise control over the size-dependent optoelectronic properties of QDs. Thus, to address this knowledge gap, we propose a multiscale model for continuous flow manufacturing of colloidal perovskite QDs. Specifically, a first-principled kinetic Monte Carlo model is integrated with a continuum model to describe a plug-flow crystallizer (PFC). The PFC has two manipulated inputs, precursor concentration and superficial flow velocity, to fine-tune the size of QDs. Furthermore, a neural network based surrogate model is designed to identify an optimal input trajectory which will ensure that the desired QD size is achieved, thereby taking a step towards controlled and reliable nanomanufacturing of QDs.
Thirty years of forest-cover change in Western Rwanda during periods of wars and environmental policy shifts

Human activities, exacerbated by periods of armed conflict, have impacted the biodiversity-rich forests in Western Rwanda during recent decades, creating a need to enhance forest protection and restoration policies that address widespread environmental degradation in this mountainous region. Contrasting observations and the lack of recent forest-cover maps make reliable assessments of forest-cover change in Western Rwanda difficult. We investigate forest-cover dynamics across Western Rwanda between 1986 and 2019, using the random forest algorithm to classify a suite of Landsat-5, Landsat-7, and Landsat-8 images to produce forest-cover maps at quadrennial intervals. Approximately 19% (23,412 ha) of the initial forest extent was lost between 1986 and 2006, primarily due to pastureland expansion and forest conversions associated with armed conflicts. Forest loss peaked between 2010 and 2014, a period corresponding to rapid extension of public infrastructures and overexploitation of forest products to supply the growing urban areas. Western Rwanda experienced a 17% increase in forest cover between 1986 (144,792 ha) and 2019 (169,197 ha), due to the establishment of tree plantations around protected areas and throughout agricultural land-uses. The published forest datasets for Western Rwanda either overestimate forest area due to confusions with agricultural land cover or they underestimate deforestation due to the complex mountainous terrain. Ongoing forest losses and increasing isolation of natural forests pose significant threats to the biodiversity habitats and the sustainable supply of ecosystem services in this densely populated, globally important biodiversity hotspot region.
Red maple dominance and community homogenization in a disturbed forested wetland

Homogenization of forest stands with generalist species is a hallmark of past disturbance and characterizes the Great Dismal Swamp (GDS), a forested wetland in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Once a mosaic of wetland communities, disturbances (e.g., timber harvesting and ditching) have resulted in altered hydrologic regimes and forested communities. In response, hydrologic restoration and forest management aim to enhance community composition and function. To inform these efforts, we investigated forest communities and their associations with hydrologic regimes at 79 monitoring plots across GDS, where we collected data on vegetation composition and structure, hydrologic indicators, and soil properties. Our results demonstrate that red maple (Acer rubrum) is the dominant species across GDS, where red maple importance is negatively correlated with stand density, richness, and diversity. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four distinct community types: Swamp Tupelo-Maple (ST-M), Maple-Holly (M-H), Sweetgum-Maple (SG-M), and Maple (M). Despite ubiquitous presence of red maple in these communities, significant differences in tree composition and structure were found; however, this variation rarely extended to other growth forms. Although water level estimates (via model simulations and high-water marks) failed to explain vegetation differences, soil properties indicative of wetness regimes suggest that communities exist along a hydrologic gradient. The ST-M community likely exists on wetter sites, whereas SG-M communities occur at drier locations. More maple-dominated communities (M and M-H; 68% of plots) likely occur across broader hydrologic gradients, explaining their widespread occurrence. These findings point to potential drivers of forested communities, but additional characterization of hydrology coupled with continued vegetation monitoring are needed to adaptively conduct hydrologic restoration efforts.
Data-Driven Modeling of Learners’ Individual Differences for Predicting Engagement and Success in Online Learning

Individual differences have been recognized as an important factor in the learning process. However, there are few successes in using known dimensions of individual differences in solving an important problem of predicting student performance and engagement in online learning. At the same time, learning analytics research has demonstrated that the large volume of learning data collected by modern e-learning systems could be used to recognize student behavior patterns and could be used to connect these patterns with measures of student performance. Our paper attempts to bridge these two research directions. By applying a sequence mining approach to a large volume of learner data collected by an online learning system, we build models of student learning behavior. However, instead of following modern work on behavior mining (i.e., using this behavior directly for performance prediction tasks), we attempt to follow traditional work on modeling individual differences in quantifying this behavior on a latent data-driven personality scale. Our research shows that this data-driven model of individual differences performs significantly better than several traditional models of individual differences in predicting important parameters of the learning process, such as success and engagement.
Advanced Sensing Development to Support Robot Accuracy Assessment and Improvement

Robots can perform various types of automated movements in the workspace. In recent years, robot applications have been expanded to a much wider scope, including robot machining, robot assembly, robot 3D printing, robot inspection, etc. Many of these applications require robots to have higher absolute accuracy compared with conventional robot part handling and welding. The capability to assess a robot’s accuracy, and further, improve accuracy becomes important. In this paper, an advanced sensor and an accompanying methodology are developed that enable manufacturers to perform accuracy assessment to improve their robot systems. A smart target (patent pending) is developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This sensor is integrated with a vision-based measurement instrument to perform high accuracy measurements of six-dimensional (6-D) information (x, y, and z position, roll, pitch, and yaw orientation) for a moving robot arm. The smart target is motorized. It can constantly rotate toward the vision-based measurement instrument to maximize its line-of-sight. A use case is presented to demonstrate the accuracy degradation assessment by using the smart target on a Universal Robot.
Teaching history with blogs for student engagement and critical use of digital media Ensino de história com blogs para participação estudantil e uso crítico da mídia digital

Este artigo descreve o uso de blogs por um professor em cursos de graduacao em Historia por tres anos e as estrategias que desenvolveu para facilitar o uso critico dos estudantes da midia digital. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com o professor, bem como os grupos focais e uma pesquisa de avaliacao com os alunos em seus cursos, foram utilizadas para coletar dados sobre os beneficios e desafios do uso de blogs voltados a ensinar cursos de historia no ensino superior. Estudantes recuperam, avaliam e partilham de recursos de midia, como videos, podcasts e arquivos on-line, levando a um aumento da motivacao, da participacao e da compreensao dos conteudos do curso, alem de maior capacidade para avaliar criticamente os recursos on-line. De acordo com os alunos e o professor, os estudantes adquiriram uma abordagem mais critica com a pesquisa, ao apresentarem e resumirem as informacoes na Internet, o que sera util para eles em outros cursos e contextos.
Mapping Regulatory Interactions of the RNA-Binding Protein LIN28B

Results presented in this chapter were originally published in the journal article: “Identification of LIN28B-bound mRNAs reveals features of target recognition and regulation. RNA Biology 10, 1146-1159”. This article can be accessed at:
Intrathecal nociceptin displaces a PET ligand for its receptor in the brain at analgesic doses in rhesus monkeys (658.1)

The nociceptin receptor (NOP) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic target for pain control. Nociceptin, the endogenous ligand for NOP, produces analgesia in rodents and primates when gi...
Areeda, Epithets, and Essential Facilities.

The late Phillip Areeda's 1990 article Essential Facilities: An Epithet in Need of Limiting Principles has had a profound impact on the development on the essential facilities doctrine in antitrust law. It has become the intellectual basis for the critique and roll back of a doctrine that has been around for approximately the same amount of time as the rule of reason. Apart from Professor Areeda's distinguished stature in the antitrust field, there was little reason to think this short essay would represent the start of a sea change in antitrust. The article was a short symposium piece based on a panel discussion held at a Fall 1989 program of the ABA Antitrust Section. Moreover, Professor Areeda's comments somewhat bucked the trend of the contemporary case law, commentary, and the remarks of the other panelists. Although Professor Areeda was not altogether negative about the essential facilities doctrine, his article has proved to be one of the influential pieces in the canon of antitrust literature and represented the beginning of a counter-revolution in antitrust thought that has left the essential facilities doctrine, charitably speaking, hanging by a thread. In this article, I want to critically reexamine Areeda's analysis of the essential facilities doctrine and suggest that while many of his concerns were valid in the time of its publication, most of his concerns are no longer applicable in today's antitrust climate. Other of Professor Areeda's concerns were overblown to begin with, and more significantly, most have been taken out of context by critics of the essential facilities doctrine. Part II briefly summarizes the essential facilities doctrine in US antitrust law. Part III then summarizes Professor Areeda's critique of the doctrine. Part IV examines how the Areeda critique has been used in the subsequent case law and scholarly debate beyond the more limited critique he may have envisioned. Parts V and VI suggest there is a better way based on infrastructure theory which responds to most, if not all, of Professor Areeda's legitimate critiques and creates a sound theoretical basis for an economically based essential facilities doctrine. Infrastructure theory better ties the essential facilities doctrine to related doctrines in other areas of the law and suggests that essential facilities doctrine is one of better, not worse, ideas that antitrust has offered in its 100 plus years.
Granulosa cell neoplasm with a discussion of possible histogenesis

Abstract In an unusual case of granulosa cell neoplasm, there was evidence to support the view that this tumor arises from follicular epithelium. The patient died five months after operation from carcinoma which was extraovarian in origin.