cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of reaction parameters and catalyst type on waste plastics liquefaction and coprocessing with coal

Abstract The effect of reaction conditions and catalyst type on the liquefaction behavior of model waste plastics and on the coprocessing of model waste plastics with coal was evaluated. Individual model plastics and mixtures of these plastics were catalytically reacted at temperatures of 400 to 440 °C with an initial H 2 pressure of 5.6 MPa using fluid catalytic cracking catalysts and a zeolite HZSM-5. Higher conversions to tetrahydrofuran-soluble material were achieved in the reactions of individual model plastics than in the reaction with various mixtures of model plastics, while higher hexane soluble yields and lower gas yields were obtained with the mixtures. A base plastics mixture composed of 50% high density polyethylene (HDPE), 30% polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and 20% polystyrene (PS) was used to evaluate the effect of reaction time and initial H 2 pressure on the conversions and product distributions achieved. Reaction times of 120 min produced high and similar conversions and product distributions from HZSM-5 and two fluid catalytic cracking catalysts; however, the differences in the three catalysts' activities were much larger for converting the plastics at shorter reaction times of 30 and 60 min. The highest conversion of the base plastics mixture occurred when the initial H 2 pressure was low. Addition of aromatic, hydroaromatic, cycloalkane, and straight chain aliphatic solvents to the base plastics mixture influenced the conversion and product distribution obtained. For all three catalysts, the straight chain aliphatic solvents were the most effective for solvating the cracked polymer products and promoting higher conversions. Coprocessing reactions of the base plastics mixture with coal yielded the highest conversion when they were reacted catalytically without a solvent. Introduction of a solvent required higher severity conditions to achieve equivalent conversions as reactions without solvent.
A Large-Scale Linear Programming Model for Finding Optimal Container Inspection Strategies

Cargo ships arriving at US ports are inspected for unauthorized materials. Because opening and manually inspecting every container is costly and time-consuming, tests are applied to decide whether a container should be opened. By utilizing a polyhedral description of decision trees, we develop a large-scale linear programming model for sequential container inspection that determines an optimal inspection strategy under various limitations, improving on earlier approaches in several ways: (a) we consider mixed strategies and multiple thresholds for each sensor, which provide more effective inspection strategies; (b) our model can accommodate realistic limitations (budget, sensor capacity, time limits, etc.), as well as multiple container types; (c) our model is computationally more tractable allowing us to solve cases that were prohibitive in preceding models, and making it possible to analyze the potential impact of new sensor technologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 56: 404-420, 2009
The tabooed after-life of 9/11

This paper makes three major points: 1 The interpretation placed on the events of 9/11, and specifically its use to ground a so-called ‘war on terror’, has been used to buttress conservative political power through restrictions on democracy. 2 Most major decisions about what to do to deal with the events of 9/11 have been made by, and in the interests of, a narrow segment of the population, those in positions of economic and political power. 3 Those decisions were legitimated ideologically by a set of taboos that have restricted discussion to narrow issues having to do with secondary matters, leaving fundamental questions involving criteria of equity, social justice and democracy off the agenda of public discourse and tabooed. The conclusion is that a vigorous bout of critical theory and planning is today needed if such criteria are to be publicly debated and applied.
Water-ice clouds and dust in the north polar region of Mars using MGS TES data

Abstract Water-ice and dust optical depths in Mars’ north polar region are mapped as function of season, latitude and longitude, and their characteristics and variability on a geographic, seasonal, and interannual basis are discussed. We use water-ice and dust optical depth data provided by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), covering nearly three northern spring and summer periods. We find that interannual variability exists in both the water ice and dust behavior, although there are trends that repeat year to year as well. The optical thickness of the north polar hood (NPH) exhibits interannually varying longitudinal structure, both during springtime recession and late-summer onset. We define the characteristics associated with the transition to and from the NPH and find that the disappearance occurs near Ls=75° and the reappearance near Ls=160–165°. We find that the late spring to early summer time frame is characterized by very low water-ice optical depths and enhanced dust activity, with a preference for lower water-ice and higher dust optical depths in the 0–90°W quadrant. We see possible evidence for stationary wavenumber 2 systems in a few of the maps examined.
Viable Commercial Ventures Involving Laser Chemistry Production: Two Medium-Scale Processes

Consideration of viable commercial ventures involving laser chemistry must take into account not only the cost structure of the laser production step but must also consider all other steps in the venture through to provisions of goods or services to clients. Recent work on the two-stage infrared laser isotope separation of carbon-13 and the selective wavelength synthesis of vitamin-D is reviewed. The processes, which may be viewed as surrogates for direct carbon dioxide and excimer laser driven synthetic schemes, are discussed in terms of their technical description and the business opportunity they present.
Functionally distinct classes of K+ sites on the (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase.

Abstract K+ interactions with a rat brain (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase and the associated K+-dependent nitrophenyl phosphatase activity were examined. Classes of sites for K+ were distinguished, initially, on the basis of affinity estimated by kinetic analysis in terms of K0.5 (the concentration for half-maximal activation), and by K+-accelerated enzyme inactivation by F−, which permits evaluation of a dissociation constant for K+, KD. Moderate-affinity sites (“α sites”), with a KD near 1 mM, were demonstrable for the phosphatase activity and for the “free” enzyme. High-affinity sites (“β sites”), with a KD near 0.1 mM, were seen for the overall ATPase activity and under conditions in which enzyme phosphorylation by substrate also occurs. Further differentiation between α and β sites was made in terms of (i) the characteristic changes in affinity with pH, and (ii) the efficacy of Li+ relative to K+, Rb+, Cs+, and Tl+ at these two classes of sites. Low-affinity sites (“gg sites”) through which K+ inhibits enzymatic activity were also detectable, with a KD around 140 mM. These data are incorporated into a model for the reaction sequence to accommodate both transport processes and certain K+/ATP antagonisms.
Design and implementation of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study

Abstract The United States Department of Agriculture's National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study was designed to estimate management, health and productivity parameters on pig operations in the United States. Sixteen major swine-producing states that accounted for nearly 91% of June 1, 1995 swine inventory and nearly three-fourths of United States swine producers were included in the study. In the initial phase of the study, National Agricultural Statistics Service enumerators collected information from 1477 producers involved in all phases of swine production (farrowing, nursery, and grower/finisher). Of these, 405 operations with ≥300 finisher pigs (with at least one finisher pig ≥54 kg) participated in the subsequent component of the study, which involved on-farm visits by state and federal veterinary medical officers and animal health technicians, and which concentrated on the grower/finisher phase of production. Of those eligible to take part in the second phase of the study, participation was higher among independent producers (48.3%) than among contract producers (15.3%). Participation was also higher among operations that used advanced record-keeping systems (such as record cards for individual breeding hogs or a computer-based record-keeping system). Thus, study results could have been influenced by response biases. As a biosecurity measure, 40.5±2.1% of operations restricted entry to employees only. For operations that permitted non-employees to enter the premises, relatively few enforced other biosecurity measures on visitors (0.4±0.1% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers to shower before entering the premises; 3.3±0.9% required a footbath; and 7.0±1.5% required feed-delivery personnel and livestock handlers not to have visited another operation with pigs on that day). The most common method of waste storage (used by 49.9±3.8% of operations with ≥300 finisher pigs) was below-floor slurry or deep pit.
The Crucial Role of Turnover Intentions in Transforming Moral Disengagement Into Deviant Behavior at Work

Organizational deviance represents a costly behavior to many organizations. While some precursors to deviance have been identified, we hope to add to our predictive capabilities. Utilizing social cognitive theory and psychological contract theory as explanatory concepts, we explore the role of moral disengagement and turnover intentions, testing our hypotheses using two samples: a sample of 44 nurses from a hospital system in the Southwestern United States (Study 1), and a sample of 52 working adults collected from an online survey system (Study 2). Results strongly supported our hypotheses in both samples, indicating that the self-regulatory deactivation inherent in moral disengagement led to increased organizational deviance; effects that were much more pronounced when turnover intentions were high. Our findings support the increased role of cognition in determining behavior when environmental pressures stemming from the psychological contract have been altered, leading to a number of theoretical and practical implications, particularly in industries with high turnover rates.
An energy density functional-pseudopotential method for calculating the cohesive properties of metals

Abstract The great advantages of Thomas-Fermi approaches are their simplicity, flexibility and physical immediacy. However, it is generally accepted that such approaches are not capable of yielding quantitative results for the cohesive properties of metals. I demonstrate within the Thomas-Fermi approach that if one employs hard-core pseudopotentials derived from atomic charge densities, then accurate static properties for simple metals can be obtained.
Superconducting cosmic strings, neutron decay and nucleosynthesis

Abstract We calculate the fluctuations in the neutron abundance at the time of deuterium formation, due to the presence of superconducting cosmic strings with large currents.
Automated high-throughput infusion ESI-MS with direct coupling to a microtiter plate.

This paper describes the design and application of instrumentation for automated high-throughput infusion ESI-mass spectrometry. The approach, based on a subatmospheric ESI interface, allows sample introduction from a commercially available microtiter plate without the need for a separate fluid delivery system. The microtiter plate was placed vertically on a three-dimensional translation stage in front of the sampling ESI interface. A single, 7-cm, 20-μm-i.d. fused-silica capillary (total volume, 70 nL), with a tapered tip, served as a combination of sample delivery and spraying capillary. The tapered tip of the capillary was enclosed in a subatmospheric chamber attached in front of the orifice of the mass spectrometer. The sample aspiration rate (flow rate) was regulated by computer-controlled pneumatic valves, which allowed fast switching of the pressure in the subatmospheric ESI chamber. A flow-through wash device was positioned between the microtiter plate and the ESI interface. This design allowed al...
ICEBERG: an Internet core network architecture for integrated communications

In the ICEBERG project at UC Berkeley, we are developing an Internet-based integration of telephony and data services spanning diverse access networks. Our primary goals are extensibility, scalability, robustness, and personalized communication. We leverage the Internet's low cost of entry for service creation, provision, deployment, and integration. We present our solutions to signaling, easy service creation, resource reservation, admission control, billing, and security in the ICEBERG network architecture.
The mechanism of the Schultz-Dale reaction

Abstract 1.1. Evidence is presented supporting involvement of at least three humoral agents—histamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine—in the contraction of ileum from sensitized guinea pigs upon re-exposure to antigen in vitro (the Schultz-Dale reaction). 2.2. The Schultz-Dale reaction is suppressed completely only in the presence of a combination of agents capable of blocking both the histamine receptors and the two kinds of serotonin receptors present in the tissue. 3.3. This complete suppression of the reaction may be accomplished in three ways: (1) by blocking the three kinds of receptor separately, as by adding simultaneously an antihistaminic, atropine, and LSD; (2) by first exposing the tissue to a large concentration of serotonin, thereby desensitizing it to this substance, and then adding an antihistaminic; and (3) by the simultaneous use of one of the less specific antiserotonin agents (yohimbine) and an antihistaminic. 4.4. The liberation of acetylcholine during the Schultz-Dale reaction has been confirmed but seems to be a result, rather than a cause, of the contraction.
Studies on the biosynthesis of the mitomycin antibiotics by Streptomyces verticillatus

Biosynthetic studies indicate that the mitomycins are not formed from aromatic precursors, but that [Me-–14C]-L-methionine and [guanido-14C]-L-arginine specifically label peripheral substituents and that glucosamine is probably incorporated intact into a C6-fragment of these antibiotics.
Instrumental conditioning of photic evoked potentials: mechanisms and properties of late component modification.

Abstract Instrumental conditioning of late components of photic evoked potentials in cats was demonstrated using both random and regular interflash intervals. Cats performed equally well under both conditions. During conditioning, it was observed that cortical recordings from sites other than those to which the reinforcement contingency was applied showed systematic changes.
Who Receives Food Stamps During Adulthood? Analyzing Repeatable Events With Incomplete Event Histories

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1968 to 2005, we estimate the cumulative probability that young adults in the United States will receive food stamps during adulthood, and examine how that probability varies with an individual's income and education at age 25 as well as by race and gender. We find that the probability of first food stamp receipt as an adult declines sharply with age, indicating that most adult recipients do so by age 40. Also, those receiving food stamps in early adulthood are likely to receive them again. For these reasons, and because food stamp receipt is a repeatable event, life table analyses that include individuals who are not observed until after they become exposed to the risk of food stamp receipt (whom we label "late entrants") are likely to overstate cumulative participation during adulthood. For example, one often-cited study included individuals who enter their sample after age 20 (late entrants) and report that 50.8% of 20-year-olds are recipients by age 65. In contrast, when we exclude late entrants, we find that 39.2% of 20-year-olds and 29.7% of 25-year-olds receive benefits during adulthood.
Instability of Rts1 (drug-resistant factor) replicon: stabilization by DNA fragments derived from Rts1.

Abstract Rts1 is a large naturally occurring plasmid which has a kanamycin resistance gene and exhibits various temperature-sensitive phenotypes. A smaller derivative of plasmid, pOK, contains the Rts1 replicon and the kanamycin resistance gene of Rts1. This plasmid, pOK, is much more unstable than Rts1 at 42.5°C. A DNA fragment, G 3 , 1590 nucleotides long from Rts1 DNA, stabilized pOK completely at 42.5°C but only in the cis configuration. G 3 did not change the copy number of pOK. The pOK derivative containing G 3 was destabilized by the presence of a compatible plasmid containing G 3 . G 3 has four inverted repeats, two 14-base direct repeats, and three ORFs. Smaller fragment of G 3 also had a stabilization effect and these studies showed that the ORF does not play any role in stabilization.
The σ70-like Motif: A Eukaryotic RNA Binding Domain Unique to a Superfamily of Proteins Required for Ribosome Biogenesis

Abstract Little is understood about the role of nucleolar RNA binding proteins in ribosome biogenesis, although there is a clear need for them based on the strict folding requirements of the pre-rRNA. We have identified a superfamily of RNA binding proteins whose members are required for different stages of ribosome biogenesis. The Imp4 superfamily is composed of five individual families (Imp4, Rpf1, Rpf2, Brx1, and Ssf) that all possess the σ 70 -like motif, a eukaryotic RNA binding domain with prokaryotic origins. The Imp4 superfamily members associate with RNAs that are consistent with their distinct roles in ribosome biogenesis and suggest the mechanisms by which they function.
Using personality inventories to form teams for class projects: a case study

Many Information Technology classes require some sort of team project. As part of research into using personality inventories to help form project teams, the author conducted a case study in a software engineering/systems analysis class using a control group methodology for group selection after giving a personality inventory to students. This paper will discuss concepts of personality inventories, how they can be used for group selection, the case study itself, and further discussion of how this can be applied in other classes. The primary personality inventory used is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.
Oral, dental, and beak disorders of reptiles

Each species of reptile has evolved unique characteristics that are associated with their oral cavity, dentition, tongue, glands, and methods of mastication. These developments have provided each with an opportunity to interact with their surroundings. In captivity, the developmental relationship is often severed by the introduction of artificial surroundings and inappropriate husbandry. These changes predispose the animals to many stresses and disorders. Disorders of the oral cavity are often a representation of what is occurring systemically. Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, neoplastic, and nutritional causes of disorders of the oral cavity in reptilian species are probably underestimated and likely cause a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality than has been reported. The misinformation that clients receive regarding husbandry may directly correlate with the frequency of oral diseases seen in a clinical setting. Prevention of disease of the oral cavity is primarily through providing appropriate environmental conditions and diet.
Vertex operator construction of the SO(2n+1) Kac-Moody algebra and its spinor representation

Abstract An explicit representation of the B n (1) affine Lie algebra (Kac-Moody algebra) is constructed in terms of vertex operators associated with the Chevalley basis of the underlyingfinite-dimentsionnal Lie algebra. This construction, contrary to the simpler current algebra one, gives a concrete realization of the spinor representation of the algebra. The key feature is a partial bosonization of two-dimensional Weyl-Majorana free fermions. The vertex operators associated with the long and short roots of the B n algebra have fermion number zero and one, respectively.
Acquisition of and withdrawal from cocaine self-administration regulates 5-HT1B mRNA expression in rat striatum

This study investigated how different stages of cocaine self-administration in rats affect the expression of two serotonin receptors in dorsal and ventral striatum, the 5-HT1B and 5-HT6 subtypes, which have both been implicated in mediating some aspects of cocaine-related behaviors. In the first experiment, rats were trained to work for saccharin (oral) or cocaine (i.v.) reinforcers. We found that continuous access to cocaine for 23 days did not change the level of 5-HT1B mRNA expression compared to control animals receiving saccharin. However, a single cocaine session, given either by self-administration or non-contingently, increased 5-HT1B mRNA in dorsal striatum, whereas forced abstinence for two weeks after cocaine reduced 5-HT1B mRNA expression in the same subregion. 5-HT6 mRNA was not changed by any of these treatments. A follow-up experiment investigated the effects of limited versus extended access to cocaine as well as forced abstinence, and we found that 14 days of forced abstinence significantly reduced 5-HT1B mRNA throughout the dorsal and ventral striatum compared to no withdrawal. These results suggest that the influence of 5-HT1B receptors in striatal projection neurons may be increased during cocaine acquisition and reduced after forced abstinence and may therefore be targets for pharmacological intervention in addiction.
Synthesis of Linear Acetylenic Carbon: The "sp" Carbon Allotrope.

A carbon allotrope based on "sp" hybridization containing alternating triple and single bonds (an acetylenic or linear carbon allotrope) has been prepared. Studies of small (8 to 28 carbon atoms) acetylenic carbon model compounds show that such species are quite stable (130° to 140°C) provided that nonreactive terminal groups or end caps (such as tert-butyl or trifluoromethyl) are present to stabilize these molecules against further reactions. In the presence of end capping groups, laser-based synthetic techniques similar to those normally used to generate fullerenes, produce thermally stable acetylenic carbon species capped with trifluoromethyl or nitrile groups with chain lengths in excess of 300 carbon atoms. Under these conditions, only a negligible quantity of fullerenes is produced. Acetylenic carbon compounds are not particularly moisture or oxygen sensitive but are moderately light sensitive.
Self-association and precursor protein binding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tom40p, the core component of the protein translocation channel of the mitochondrial outer membrane

The precursor protein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (Tom) is a multi-subunit complex containing receptors and a general import channel, of which the core component is Tom40p. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins are first recognized by surface receptors and then pass through the import channel. The Tom complex has been purified; however, the protein-protein interactions that drive its assembly and maintain its stability have been difficult to study. Here we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tom40p expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity associates efficiently with itself. The self-association is very strong and can withstand up to 4 M urea or 1 M salt. The tight self-association does not require the N-terminal segment of Tom40p. Furthermore, purified Tom40p preferentially recognizes the targeting sequence of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Although the binding of the targeting sequence to Tom40p is inhibited by urea concentrations in excess of 1 M, it is moderately resistant to 1 M salt. Simultaneous self-assembly and precursor protein binding suggest that Tom40p contains at least two different domains mediating these processes. The experimental approach described here should be useful for analysing protein-protein interactions involving individual or groups of components of the mitochondrial import machinery.
Inhibitory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Anacardic Acids toward Soluble Tissue Factor−Factor VIIa Complex

Five compounds, which inhibited the amidolytic activity of soluble tissue factor/activated factor VII complex (sTF/VIIa), were isolated from two traditional Chinese medicinal plants commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The active compounds were found to be linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids from roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza; and two anacardic acids, 6-(8'Z-pentadecenyl)- and 6-(10'Z-heptadecenyl)-salicylic acids, from leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The IC50 values were in the range 30-80 micromol/L. Palmitic acid, isolated from roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and 2-[(3',7',11',15'-tetramethyl)-2'E,6'E,10'E, 14'E-hexadecatetraenyl]-1,4-hydroquinone, isolated from the marine sponge Adocia viola, did not inhibit sTF/VIIa. Further expansion of the structure-activity relationship to include anacardic acids, 6-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)- and 6-(8'Z, 11'Z, 14'Z-heptadecatrienyl)-salicylic acids from leaves of Anacardium spondias, and other fatty acids demonstrated that at least one cis double bond was essential for inhibitory activity, and that fatty acids containing two or three cis double bonds were optimal. Evidence from preincubation studies implied that these fatty acids may exert their effect by binding to VIIa and consequently preventing binding of sTF to VIIa.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of gem- Dichlorocyclopropyl and Cyclopropyl Analogs of Stilbene Congeners as Potential Antiestrogens

A series of gem-cichlorocyclopropyl and cyclopropyl analogs of stilbene congeners was synthesized and examined for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity using the uterotropic assay in the immature mouse. The relative receptor affinity in vitro was determined by measuring [3H]estradiol displacement from the rat uterine cytosol receptor. The 11 test compounds synthesized in this study did not produce estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity at the dosage levels used (1-25 micrograms), but did produce a significant displacement of [3H]estradiol in the rat uterine receptor binding assay with analog XVIII possessing the greatest binding affinity and compound XI the lowest affinity. Structure-affinity relationships of this series were established from the receptor binding assay and comparisons between these analogs and a previously reported series are summarized.
Simulation of binary refrigerant mixture vapor-liquid equilibria using a quasi-regular nonrandom fluid theory and local composition mixing rules

Abstract A new model and a novel approach are presented for correlation/prediction of refrigerant mixture phase equilibria. The excess Gibbs free energy in binary halogenated alkane mixtures is described by a recently proposed two-liquid theory with a regular solution reference for mixtures of nonpolar species. The single g E model parameter, obtained by correlating near-ambient binary vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE), is used in Wong-Sandler mixing rules in the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state to predict binary VLE at elevated temperatures. This model is applied to the tetrafluoromethane-chlorotrifluoromethane (R14-R13), tetrafluoromethane-trifluoromethane (R14-R23), and the trifluoromethane-chlorotrifluoromethane (R23-R13) binary systems. The one-parameter quasi-regular g E model provides good correlation of VLE for the binary systems at near ambient conditions. However, successful prediction of high temperature VLE depends on the accuracy of the g E model, the consistency of the EOS mixing rule model, and the method used to solve the model equations and associated material balances.
Block Character Coding

A binary facsimile coding technique capable of coding documents at compression ratios from 10:1 to 40:1 has been developed. In the basic system, individual document characters are isolated into small rectangular blocks. The location, size, and contents of each block are coded for transmission. A more sophisticated version of the coder utilizes matching of a character with previously scanned characters. If a match exists, a code word indicating the match is coded along with the character location.
Observations of dynamic stall phenomena using liquid crystal coatings

Novel, shear stress-sensitive/temperature-insensitive liquid crystal coatings have been applied to the surface of an oscillating airfoil in order to ascertain the unsteady fluid physics associated with the dynamic-stall process. Surface microtufts and laser sheet/smoke-particle flow visualization were used to compare the liquid-crystal results. Boundary-layer transition and turbulent separation locations were measured as a function of geometric angle of attack. The results obtained are compared with Eppler (1980) aerodynamic design code predictions.
Fluorescently labeled neomycin as a probe of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate in membranes.

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), a minor component of the plasma membrane, is important in signal transduction, exocytosis, and ion channel activation. Thus fluorescent probes suitable for monitoring the PI(4,5)P2 distribution in living cells are valuable tools for cell biologists. We report here three experiments that show neomycin labeled with either fluorescein or coumarin can be used to detect PI(4,5)P2 in model phospholipid membranes. First, addition of physiological concentrations of PI(4,5)P2 (2%) to lipid vesicles formed from mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) enhances the binding of labeled neomycin significantly (40-fold for 5:1 PC/PS vesicles). Second, physiological concentrations of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (10 μM I(1,4,5)P3) cause little translocation of neomycin from PC/PS/PI(4,5)P2 membranes to the aqueous phase, whereas the same concentrations of I(1,4,5)P3 cause significant translocation of the green fluorescent protein/phospholipase C-δ pleckstrin homology (GFP-PH) constructs from membranes (Hirose et al., Science, 284 (1999) 1527). Third, fluorescence microscopy observations confirm that one can distinguish between PC/PS vesicles containing either 0 or 2% PI(4,5)P2 by exposing a mixture of the vesicles to labeled neomycin. Thus fluorescently labeled neomycin could complement GFP-PH constructs to investigate the location of PI(4,5)P2 in cell membranes.
A Hemolytic Factor associated with Leptospira pomona Cells.

SummaryConsiderable hemolytic activity has been found to be associated with the cells of some isolates of L. pomona. Purification of the hemolytic factor by acetone precipitation of a phosphate buffer soluble portion of the sonicated L. pomona cells increased the activity per mg of protein 15 times. The 25-30% acetone fraction was found to migrate as a single moiety using paper electro-phoresis.
Chimerism and bone marrow based therapies in transplantation.

Composite tissue allotransplantation holds a great potential for providing increased knowledge of anatomy and microsurgical experience for life-enhancing reconstructions. Many transplant cases around the world have made this a clinical reality at the present time. Composite tissue allotransplants contain multiple tissue types, including bone, muscle, vessels, nerves, skin, and immune cells and bear a huge antigenic load. Although immunosuppressive drugs are applied successfully to prevent allograft rejection, their side effects pose a barrier to worldwide use. Bone marrow therapy in many tolerance induction protocols, therefore, provides a guide to reaching the target of permanent immunotolerance. Multiple studies suggest that bone marrow is immunomodulatory and may facilitate allograft acceptance. In this review, bone marrow based therapy protocols of clinical and experimental models are presented in two major categories: solid organ and composite tissue transplantation. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Approximate triangle counting algorithms on multi-cores

Counting triangles in a large network is an important research task because of its usages in analyzing large networks. However, this task becomes expensive when runs on large networks with millions of nodes and millions of edges. For efficient triangle counting on such networks, researchers in recent years have adopted approximate counting or have proposed parallel or distributed solutions. In this work, we propose an approximate triangle counting algorithm, that runs on multi-core computers through a multi-threaded implementation. We show that for a given speedup factor, our method has a better approximation accuracy; further, the multi-threaded implementation that we propose is much superior to the Hadoop based distributed methods that earlier algorithms propose.
A sum rule analysis of the interacting (2, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1) states of H2Se☆

Abstract The analysis of the (2,0,0) and (1,0,1) states of H 2 Se is complicated by the presence of a Coriolis interaction. By coupling the sum rules of the submatrices of the Hamiltonian which contain the interacting energy levels, an analysis of these states has been carried out. Values for certain combinations of the molecular constants and for the band origins were obtained by performing a least squares analysis of 18 coupled sums for J = 1, 2, … 5. The values for the band origins are in excellent agreement with values computed from the P P 1 (1) transitions and known ground-state energies. The standard deviation of the coupled sums (0.03 cm −1 ) is one-fifth as large as that from a previous analysis of the individual upper state combination differences (0.14 cm −1 ).
Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of RhH

Abstract Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of 14 electronic states of RhH + are computed. Several spectroscopic transitions are predicted in the IR-UV region none of which is observed. Our computed ground state D e of the X 2 Δ state of RhH + [2.07 eV] is in good agreement with the experimental value deduced by Elkind and Armentrout [1.91 ± 0.1 eV].
Parental incarceration: The challenges for attachment researchers

This commentary has two parts. In the first part I highlight major theoretical issues raised by the two integrative articles, adding my own perspective and interpretations. Next I discuss selected ...
High performance SWIR HgCdTe detector arrays

Short wave infrared (SWIR) devices have been fabricated using Rockwell’s double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) architecture with arsenic-ion implanted junctions. Molecular beam epitaxially grown HgCdTe/CdZnTe multilayer structures allowed the thin, tailored device geometries (typical active layer thickness was ∼3.5 µm and cap layer thickness was ∼0.4 µm) to be grown. A planar-mesa geometry that preserved the passivation advantages of the DLPH structure with enhanced optical collection improved the performance. Test detectors showed Band 7 detectors performing near the radiative limit (∼3-5X below theory). Band 5 detector performance was ∼4-50X lower than radiative limited performance, apparently due to Shockley-Hall-Read recombination. We have fabricated SWIR HgCdTe 256 × 12 × 2 arrays of 45 um × 45 µm detector on 45 µm × 60 µm centers and with cutoff wavelength which allows coverage of the Landsat Band 5 (1.5−1.75 µm) and Landsat Band 7 (2.08−2.35 µm) spectral regions. The hybridizable arrays have four subarrays, each having a different detector architecture. One of the Band 7 hybrids has demonstrated performance approaching the radiative theoretical limit for temperatures from 250 to 295K, consistent with test results. D* performance at 250K of the best subarray was high, with an operability of ∼99% at 1012 cm Hz1/2/W at a few mV bias. We have observed 1/f noise below 8E-17 AHz 1/2 at 1 Hz. Also for Band 7 test structures, Ge thin film diffractive microlenses fabricated directly on the back side of the CdZnTe substrate showed the ability to increase the effective collection area of small (nominally <20 µm µm) planar-mesa diodes to the microlens size of 48 urn. Using microlenses allows array performance to exceed 1-D theory up to a factor of 5.
Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based System for Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia

Abstract Objective To describe the development of a computer-based system for dietary management of hyperlipidemia and to evaluate its efficacy for lowering plasma cholesterol level. Design Using a stepwise approach, we developed and tested a three-part self-management system in five consecutive clinical studies. Each study assessed plasma cholesterol levels before and after dietary intervention using the system. These studies enabled progressive refinement of (a) a food frequency questionnaire used to assess food intake in the preceding month; (b) computer-generated progress reports, based on questionnaire responses, offering dietary change subgoals and strategies for change; and (c) a dietary workbook providing detailed information on how to achieve goals. Subjects/setting Persons with hyperlipidemia (n=814) were enrolled from worksite and clinical settings in the San Francisco Bay area of California. The attrition rate after randomization was 5%. Intervention Elements of the dietary intervention evolved in response to the results of five clinical studies. In each study, patients underwent a form of baseline assessment of dietary intake followed by counseling/instruction by various means. Follow-up dietary assessments were provided at specific intervals to facilitate subjects' progress toward their dietary goals. A dietary workbook provided the detailed instruction required to implement the recommendations contained in the periodic progress reports. Statistical analyses performed Changes in plasma cholesterol level were measured by paired and unpaired t tests. The relationship between the reported reduction in dietary fat and cholesterol level assessed by food frequency questionnaires and the directly measured change in plasma cholesterol level was measured by multiple linear regression. Results The three major elements of the final computerized system (food frequency questionnaires, computer-generated progress reports, and dietary workbook) were developed and refined in the course of the five clinical studies. Reductions in total plasma cholesterol level of 5.0% to 6.5% achieved by participants in all five studies were consistent with self-reported reductions in intake of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. Therefore, the computerized self-management system appears to be an effective tool for reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Applications/conclusions A computer-based system for dietary self-management of hyperlipidemia, implemented by mail, was effective in short-term studies. This self-management system can potentially provide health-promoting services to large numbers of people at low cost. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97: 146–150 .
Quantitative assay of types I and III collagen synthesized by keloid biopsies and fibroblasts

Abstract Molecular sieve column chromatography was used to determine the amount of type I and III collagen synthesized by normal dermis and keloid biopsies and fibroblasts derived from these tissues. After incubation with radioactive proline, the collagen was extracted and separated into types I and III and then quantitated. There was no significant difference in the percent type III collagen synthesized by fresh keloid biopsies compared to normal dermis. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the percent type III collagen synthesized by keloid fibroblasts compared to normal dermal fibroblasts, However, fibroblasts from both keloid and normal dermis synthesized a lower percentage of type III collagen in cell culture compared to the original biopsies. These findings demonstrate that keloid collagen has the same type distribution as normal dermis and suggest that increased collagen synthesis in these lesions is not related to altered collagen types.
Differences in responses to factorial combinations of temperature and salinity by zoeae from two geographically isolated populations of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii

Ovigerous mud crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, were collected from the Petaluma River (San Francisco Bay Estuarine System, California, USA) and from Sykes Creek (Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, USA) during the summer of 1984 and during February 1985, respectively. Their zoeae were reared in factorial combinations of temperature (20°, 25° or 30°C) and salinity (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30%.). Survival and megalopal dry weight were maximal over a far larger range of temperature-salinity combinations for the Florida population. Absolute values of the two parameters were also greater for this group. Temperature dominated effects on duration of zoeal development in both populations. California zoeae developed more slowly at any of the temperatures tested compared with those from Florida. The pattern of all three indices was markedly different under non-optimal conditions. Putatively adaptive modification of survival, development rate and growth of zoeae is evident in response to prevailing environmental conditions which are, in part, a function of latitudinal position. Even though populations in the Petaluma River, California, are less capable of reaching maximal performance under the prevailing physical regimes than the Florida population, they still can live in habitats where physical conditions exclude competitors and predators.
Variation in the fixation image of “Structured granules” in Anabaena

The varied appearance of so-called structured granules in vegetative cells and akinetes of Anabaena sp. is dependent upon the length of primary glutaraldehyde fixation, the type and duration of secondary fixation, and the temperature during both fixations as well as possible changes under electron bombardment. The image produced may be one of an open hole, an area of low to medium electron opacity or that of a dense “structured” body and may include all intergradations. These structured granules represent the cyanophycin granules of light microscopy. Various cytochemical tests did not establish their chemical composition.
The Acoustic Limit of Control of Structural Dynamics

The acoustic limit of active control of structural dynamics is investigated; the limit as the control bandwidth includes a very large number of natural modes of the structure. The point is made that, in this limit, modal analysis cannot provide reasonably accurate models of the structural dynamics and that control design with respect to modal models is then of questionable value. Alternative modeling approaches are reviewed. A particular wave propagation formalism, applicable to modeling the acoustic response of networks of slender structural members, is described in some detail. Control options designed with reference to this formalism are reviewed, and speculations as to future developments of such control are offered.
Fast algorithms for GS-model-based image reconstruction in data-sharing Fourier imaging

Many imaging experiments involve acquiring a time series of images. To improve imaging speed, several "data-sharing" methods have been proposed, which collect one (or a few) high-resolution reference(s) and a sequence of reduced data sets. In image reconstruction, two methods, known as "Keyhole" and reduced-encoding imaging by generalized-series reconstruction (RIGR), have been used. Keyhole fills in the unmeasured high-frequency data simply with those from the reference data set(s), whereas RIGR recovers the unmeasured data using a generalized series (GS) model, of which the basis functions are constructed based on the reference image(s). This correspondence presents a fast algorithm (and two extensions) for GS-based image reconstruction. The proposed algorithms have the same computational complexity as the Keyhole algorithm, but are more capable of capturing high-resolution dynamic signal changes.
Efficient Third-Order Dependency Parsers

We present algorithms for higher-order dependency parsing that are "third-order" in the sense that they can evaluate substructures containing three dependencies, and "efficient" in the sense that they require only O(n4) time. Importantly, our new parsers can utilize both sibling-style and grandchild-style interactions. We evaluate our parsers on the Penn Treebank and Prague Dependency Treebank, achieving unlabeled attachment scores of 93.04% and 87.38%, respectively.
Bridging the Gap between Schizophrenia and Psychotic Mood Disorders: Relating Neurocognitive Deficits to Psychopathology

Background The neurobiological relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders is not well understood. Neurocognitive deficits have been described in both types of disorders and have been proposed to reflect underlying neurobiological dysfunction. Examining the relationship between neurocognitive function and psychopathology could help illuminate the neurobiological relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders.
Type B Hepatitis: A Review of Current Prospects for a Safe and Effective Vaccine

Abstract Several subunit vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been developed and either are being evaluated or soon will be evaluated for their ability to prevent HBV infection in humans. Most of these preparations consist of highly purified, 22-nm spherical particles of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that have been extracted from the plasma of chronic carriers of HBV and inactivated with formalin. Extensive testing in humans and chimpanzees showed these vaccines to be free of residual HBV or other harmful agents and to be capable of stimulating the production of protective antibodies to HBsAg in the majority of recipients. Successful immunization of those at highest risk, e.g., babies of HBV-infected mothers, can be expected to have a major impact on the enormous, worldwide problem of hepatitis B infection and its sequelae.
The role of phonons in the thermodynamics of the martensitic transformation in NiTi

Abstract Measurements of neutron inelastic scattering, thermal expansion and low-temperature heat capacity were used to study the phonon entropy of the martensite-to-austenite transformation in NiTi, which is found to be (0.5 ± 0.05) k B atom−1. The inelastic scattering spectra were corrected for the differing scattering amplitudes of Ni and Ti through a lattice dynamics simulation. The phonon density-of-states (DOS) curves so obtained account for all the transformation entropy measured by calorimetry. From simulations and the measured DOS, the vibrational entropy of austenite was found to be larger than that of martensite because the transverse acoustic (TA2) and longitudinal acoustic modes of austenite are softer than those of martensite. Simulations suggest that this originates with a large and negative first-nearest-neighbour transverse force constant. This φT lnn may also be responsible for the soft modes involved in the mechanism of the martensitic transformation.