cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short-term steroid treatment of Rhesus macaque increases transduction.

Repeat dosing poses a major hurdle for the development of an AAV-based gene therapy for CF, in part because of the potential for development of an immune reaction to the AAV1 capsid proteins. Here, to dampen the immune response to AAV1, we treated Rhesus monkeys with methylprednisolone prior to and following the instillation of two doses of AAV1Δ27-264-CFTR into their airways at 0 and 30 days, followed by a single dose of AAV1-GFP on day 60. Animals were euthanized on day 90, except for one monkey that was sacrificed at one year. No adverse events occurred, indicating that the two AAV1 vectors are safe. rAAV1-CFTR and AAV1-GFP vector genomes and mRNA transcripts were detectable in all lung sections and in the liver and pancreas at day 90 and after one year at levels comparable to animals necropsied at 90da. The numbers of vector genomes for CFTR and GFP detected here were higher than in the monkeys infected without methylprednisolone treatment that we tested previously 1. Also, lung surface and keratin 5-positive basal cells showed higher CFTR and GFP staining than did the cells from the uninfected monkey control. Positive immunostaining, also detected in the liver and pancreas, remained stable for at least a year. All animals seroconverted for anti-capsid antibodies by 90 days post-treatment. The neutralizing antibody titer declined in the animal necropsied at one year. Conclusion: AAV1 safely and effectively transduces monkey airway and basal cells. Both the presence of vector genomes and transduction from AAV1-CFTR and AAV1-GFP virus seen in the mon-keys 4 months to one year after the first instillation suggest that repeat dosing with AAV1-based vectors is achievable, particularly following methylprednisolone treatment.
Dynamic Structural Response and Deformations of Monolayer MoS2 Visualized by Femtosecond Electron Diffraction

Two-dimensional materials are subject to intrinsic and dynamic rippling that modulates their optoelectronic and electromechanical properties. Here, we directly visualize the dynamics of these processes within monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 using femtosecond electron scattering techniques as a real-time probe with atomic-scale resolution. We show that optical excitation induces large-amplitude in-plane displacements and ultrafast wrinkling of the monolayer on nanometer length-scales, developing on picosecond time-scales. These deformations are associated with several percent peak strains that are fully reversible over tens of millions of cycles. Direct measurements of electron–phonon coupling times and the subsequent interfacial thermal heat flow between the monolayer and substrate are also obtained. These measurements, coupled with first-principles modeling, provide a new understanding of the dynamic structural processes that underlie the functionality of two-dimensional materials and open...
The Law and Economics of Agreements to Arbitrate Employment Claims

This paper presents an economic analysis of arbitration agreements in the employment context. The goal of this analysis is first to set out, clarify, and illuminate the economics of waiver and arbitration agreements in the employment context. The fundamental economic benefits from employment arbitration can be placed in either of two categories: deterrence benefits and dispute-resolution cost savings. Arbitration enhances the deterrence benefit to the extent that it encourages greater compliance with legal and contractual employment norms. Arbitration obviously has the potential to reduce dispute resolution costs by adopting less formal mechanisms. The second goal of this analysis is to answer the normative question, should predispute arbitration agreements be enforced? I conclude they should be enforced, provided the employee has knowingly and voluntarily waived his rights.
Organization and community : the determinants of insurgent military effectiveness

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2016.
Regulation of Breathing and Autonomic Outflows by Chemoreceptors

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO2 remains stable. Under normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO2 stability by producing small corrective cardiorespiratory adjustments mediated by lower brainstem circuits. Carotid body (CB) information reaches the respiratory pattern generator (RPG) via nucleus solitarius (NTS) glutamatergic neurons which also target rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) presympathetic neurons thereby raising sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Chemoreceptors also regulate presympathetic neurons and cardiovagal preganglionic neurons indirectly via inputs from the RPG. Secondary effects of chemoreceptors on the autonomic outflows result from changes in lung stretch afferent and baroreceptor activity. Central respiratory chemosensitivity is caused by direct effects of acid on neurons and indirect effects of CO2 via astrocytes. Central respiratory chemoreceptors are not definitively identified but the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is a particularly strong candidate. The absence of RTN likely causes severe central apneas in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Like other stressors, intense chemosensory stimuli produce arousal and activate circuits that are wake- or attention-promoting. Such pathways (e.g., locus coeruleus, raphe, and orexin system) modulate the chemoreflexes in a state-dependent manner and their activation by strong chemosensory stimuli intensifies these reflexes. In essential hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and congestive heart failure, chronically elevated CB afferent activity contributes to raising SNA but breathing is unchanged or becomes periodic (severe CHF). Extreme CNS hypoxia produces a stereotyped cardiorespiratory response (gasping, increased SNA). The effects of these various pathologies on brainstem cardiorespiratory networks are discussed, special consideration being given to the interactions between central and peripheral chemoreflexes.
Unusual Modification of Bacteriophage Mu DNA

Bacteriophage Mu DNA was labeled after induction in the presence of [2-(3)H]adenine or [8-(3)H]adenine. Both Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(+) DNA have similar N(6)-methyladenine (MeAde) contents, as well as similar frequencies of MeAde nearest neighbors. Both DNAs are sensitive to in vitro cleavage by R.DpnI but resistant to cleavage by R.DpnII. These results indicate that the mom(+) protein does not alter the sequence specificity of the host dam(+) methylase to produce MeAde at new sites. However, we have discovered a new modified base, denoted A(x), in Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA; approximately 15% of the adenine residues are modified to A(x). Although the precise nature of the modification is not yet defined, analysis by electrophoresis and chromatography indicates that the N(6)-amino group is not the site of modification, and that the added moiety contains a free carboxyl group. A(x) is not present in Mu mom(+).dam(+) or Mu mom(-).dam(+) phage DNA or in cellular DNA from uninduced Mu mom(+).dam(+) lysogens. These results suggest that expression of the dam(+) and mom(+) genes are required for the A(x) modification and that this modification is responsible for protecting Mu DNA against certain restriction nucleases. Mu mom(+).dam(-) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(-) DNA contain a very low level of MeAde (ca. 1 MeAde per 5,000 adenine residues). Since the only nearest neighbor to MeAde appears to be cytosine, we suggest that the methylated sequence is 5'... C-A(*)-C... 3' and that this methylation is mediated by the EcoK modification enzyme.
First‐Mover Advantages

First-mover advantages are defined and their effects on entry are considered. Keywords: learning curve; pioneering brands; product proliferation
Development of a coupled soil erosion and large‐scale hydrology modeling system

[1] Soil erosion models are usually limited in their application to the field scale; however, the management of land resources requires information at the regional scale. Large-scale physically based land surface schemes (LSS) provide estimates of regional scale hydrologic processes that contribute to erosion. If scaling issues are adequately addressed, coupling an LSS to a physically based erosion model can provide a tool to study the regional impact of soil erosion. A coupling scheme was developed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to produce hydrologic inputs for the stand-alone Water Erosion Prediction Project-Hillslope Erosion (WEPP-HE) program, accounting for both temporal and spatial scaling issues. Precipitation events were disaggregated from daily to hourly and used with the VIC model to generate hydrologic fluxes. Slope profiles were downscaled from 30 arc second to 30 m hillslopes. Additionally, soil texture and erodibility were adjusted with simplified assumptions based on the full WEPP model. Soil erosion at the large scale was represented on a VIC model grid cell basis by applying WEPP-HE to subsamples of 30 m hillslopes. On an average annual basis, results showed that the coupled model was comparable with full WEPP model predictions. On an event basis, the coupled model system captured more small erosion events, with erodibility adjustments of the same magnitude as from the full WEPP model simulations. Differences in results can be attributed to discrepancies in hydrologic data calculations and simplified assumptions in vegetation and soil erodibility. Overall, the coupled model demonstrated the feasibility of erosion prediction for large river basins.
A holistic approach for construction with respect to environmental law

The impetus for widespread change within the private-sector building industry is about no single owner retaining a constructed project during its entire life cycle. This impetus will be difficult to establish as statutory relief because of changes in private-sector ownership. This is not true in most cases for federal agencies. However, with the advent of sustainability in construction and bioremediation in environmental construction, federal agencies also need to address the problem in an integrated fashion by improving their project management, planning, and implementation strategies. Thus, federal agencies have a responsibility and duty to take the lead in developing processes to ensure environmentally friendly construction. Currently the motivations are only voluntary, not regulatory. The divided nature of the construction industry complicates the problem further. Construction will become substantially more environmentally friendly if private-sector owners are motivated through rewards and federal agencies through more integrated life-cycle planning and programming, built within the socioeconomic and regulatory framework. In this article, the building industry, which currently stands fragmented, is analyzed in the context of the incentives and structural changes it needs to implement environmental laws fully. This article presents the motivation for adopting a holistic approach toward environmental compliance by modeling the strategic interventions required. These interventions, within and outside the construction industry, are also used to compare economic parity issues between existing building stock and future environmentally compliant buildings. Fundamental internal and external changes have been identified in the manner business is presently conducted to reward and benefit those who comply with the environmental laws and regulations. The authors further encourage federal agencies to take the lead role, through both voluntary and required processes, in changing the construction industry to be environmentally compliant in an integrated approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A high-power far-infrared NH 3 laser pumped in a three-mirror CO 2 laser cavity with optically-switched cavity-dumping

Results are reported of cavity-dumping a submillimeter radiation high-Q, zig-zag optically-pumped resonator which utilizes a silicon optical switch photo-excited by a Nd∶YAG laser. Peak powers at 152 μm approaching 10 kW in temporally smooth pulses of 5 ns (FWHM) duration have been obtained at a pulse repetition rate of 12 Hz. The far-infrared laser radiation, as measured with a scanning metal-mesh Fabry-Perot interferometer and averaged over many pulses, is, upon deconvolution of the 125 MHz instrumental linewidth, found to oscillate in a predominantly single longitudinal mode of width 250 MHz. Theoretical investigations of the transient far-infrared reflectivity of the silicon optical switch predict a rise in the Brewster-angle reflectivity from 0% to nearly 80% in 1 ns, when activated by a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd∶YAG laser providing an incident energy density of 50 mJ/cm2 in a pulsewidth of 10 ns.
Mortality and Cost of Pneumonia After Stroke for Different Risk Groups

An evidenced-based approach to detecting and treating dysphagia needs to be informed by the costs and risks associated with pneumonia. In this study, the cost of pneumonia during hospitalization after stroke and the effect of pneumonia on mortality were estimated. The effect of pneumonia on mortality and costs for different levels of risk were analyzed as well. The data come from the 2005 and 2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Regression models, including the propensity for pneumonia, were used to estimate the in-hospital mortality–associated pneumonia, as well as the marginal cost of pneumonia on the hospitalization. A stratified analysis based on quintile of propensity for pneumonia was also undertaken. There were 183,976 hospitalizations for stroke in the sample. The adjusted relative risk of death associated with pneumonia was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-2.1). The average marginal cost of pneumonia on the hospitalization was $27,633 (95% CI, $27,078-$27,988). The quintile of hospitalizations with the highest propensity for pneumonia had the highest average marginal cost associated with pneumonia and the lowest adjusted relative risk of death. There was an inverse relationship between adjusted relative risk of death and propensity for pneumonia. The data indicate that pneumonia after stroke is associated with higher mortality and hospitalization costs. Patients with the lowest risk for pneumonia have the highest risk for death associated with pneumonia. Screening is important at all levels of risk.
The new flora of northeastern USA: quantifying introduced plant species occupancy in forest ecosystems

Introduced plant species have significant negative impacts in many ecosystems and are found in many forests around the world. Some factors linked to the distribution of introduced species include fragmentation and disturbance, native species richness, and climatic and physical conditions of the landscape. However, there are few data sources that enable the assessment of introduced species occupancy in native plant communities over broad regions. Vegetation data from 1,302 forest inventory plots across 24 states in northeastern and mid-western USA were used to examine and compare the distribution of introduced species in relation to forest fragmentation across ecological provinces and forest types, and to examine correlations between native and introduced species richness. There were 305 introduced species recorded, and 66 % of all forested plots had at least one introduced species. Forest edge plots had higher constancy and occupancy of introduced species than intact forest plots, but the differences varied significantly among ecological provinces and, to a lesser degree, forest types. Weak but significant positive correlations between native and introduced species richness were observed most often in intact forests. Rosa multiflora was the most common introduced species recorded across the region, but Hieracium aurantiacum and Epipactus helleborine were dominant in some ecological provinces. Identifying regions and forest types with high and low constancies and occupation by introduced species can help target forest stands where management actions will be the most effective. Identifying seemingly benign introduced species that are more prevalent than realized will help focus attention on newly emerging invasives.
InGaP-GaAs HBT Statistical Modeling for RF Power Amplifier Designs

A simple statistical modeling methodology is presented for InGaP-GaAs HBTs devices and RF power amplifier circuits. The modeling approach utilizes in-line electrical parameter control data and DOE method to establish relationships between important material and model parameters. The key considerations of parameter selection are given and essential connections from device physics to model parameters are described. This statistical model allows designs that are robust to process variations and provide circuit designers with a method to de-bug design issues that can result from device variations. The authors show the background that supports this approach and demonstrate its application at both a device and circuit level
The Variance of the Product of K Random Variables

Abstract An exact formula for the variance of the product of K random variables, x 1, x 2, ···, x K , is given as a function of the means and the central product-moments of the xi . The usual approximate variance formula for is compared with the exact formula; e.g., we note, in the case where the x i are mutually independent, that the approximate variance is too small, and that the relative accuracy of the approximation depends on the magnitude of the coefficients of variations of the K random variables. The case where the x i need not be mutually independent is also studied, and variance formulas are presented for two different “product estimators.” (The relative magnitude of the variances of these estimators is shown to be related to the relative accuracy of the approximate variance formula for as compared with the exact variance formula.) When the x i are mutually independent, simple unbiased estimators of these variances are suggested; in the more general case, consistent estimators are presented.
Rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria: a new enemy of the cardiac surgeon.

Abstract A review of atypical mycobacterial infections complicating cardiac operations is presented. Proven sources of infections at different institutions include contaminated porcine valves and municipal water supply, but the mode of transmission in the great majority of patients remains unclear. There are two principal clinical forms of atypical mycobacterial infections after cardiac operations—endocarditis and sternal osteomyelitis. The latter has characteristics resembling tuberculotic "cold abscess." Specialized laboratory testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, and surgeons may have to take the initiative to request special microbiological investigation in cases where infection is clinically suspected but routine cultures are reported as "negative." The prognosis for patients who have any atypical mycobacterial infection after a heart operation is severe. Those infected with the strain chelonei and those whose cardiac chambers were entered during operation fare worse. This dim clinical prognosis may be improved by appropriate and aggressive antibiotic and surgical therapy. Awareness of the urgency of special bacteriological studies is the key to successful management.
Life-long High Salt Intake Causes Hypertension in Bradykinin B 2 Receptor Knockout Mice • 1793

Life-long High Salt Intake Causes Hypertension in Bradykinin B 2 Receptor Knockout Mice • 1793
Fast point-feature label placement for dynamic visualizations

This paper describes a fast approach to automatic point label de-confliction on interactive maps. The general Map Labeling problem is NP-hard and has been the subject of much study for decades. Computerized maps have introduced interactive zooming and panning, which has intensified the problem. Providing dynamic labels for such maps typically requires a time-consuming pre-processing phase. In the realm of visual analytics, however, the labeling of interactive maps is further complicated by the use of massive datasets laid out in arbitrary configurations, thus rendering reliance on a pre-processing phase untenable. This paper offers a method for labeling point-features on dynamic maps in real time without pre-processing. The algorithm presented is efficient, scalable, and exceptionally fast; it can label interactive charts and diagrams at speeds of multiple frames per second on maps with tens of thousands of nodes. To accomplish this, the algorithm employs a novel geometric de-confliction approach, the 'trellis strategy,' along with a unique label candidate cost analysis to determine the 'least expensive' label configuration. The speed and scalability of this approach make it well-suited for visual analytic applications.
Effect of splinting and interproximal contact tightness on load transfer by implant restorations.

Abstract Statement of Problem. To circumvent the difficulty of achieving a passive framework fit, some authors have suggested that multiple adjacent implants be restored individually. This protocol requires that each unit be able to withstand mastication forces. Non-splinted restorations have numerous interproximal contacts that require adjustments prior to placement, with an unknown outcome relative to load transfer. Purpose. This in vitro simulation study examined the effect of splinting and interproximal contact tightness on passivity of fit and the load transfer characteristics of implant restorations. Material and Methods. A photoelastic model of a human partially edentulous left mandible with 3 screw-type implants (3.75 × 10 mm) was fabricated. For non-splinted restorations, individual crowns were fabricated on 3 custom-milled titanium abutments. After the units were cemented, 5 levels of interproximal contact tightness were evaluated: open, ideal (8 μm shim stock drags without tearing), light (ideal +10 μm), medium (ideal + 50 μm), and heavy (ideal + 90 μm). For splinted restorations, five 3-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated, internally adjusted with silicone disclosing material, and cemented to the model. Changes in stress distribution under simulated non-loaded and loaded conditions (6.8 kg) were analyzed with a polariscope. Results. In the simulated alveolar structures, non-splinted restorations with heavier interproximal contacts were associated with increased tensile stresses between implants; occlusal loads tended to concentrate around the specific loaded implant. Splinted restorations shared the occlusal loads and distributed the stresses more evenly between the implants when force was applied. The load-sharing effect was most evident on the center implant but also was seen on the terminal abutments of the splinted restorations. Conclusion. The results of this in vitro study suggest that excessive contact tightness between individual crowns can lead to a non-passive situation. In this experiment, splinted restorations exhibited better load sharing than non-splinted restorations. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:528-35.)
Bandwidth adjustment based on dynamic differential pulse code modulation

This paper describes an application in which speech coding and resultant bandwidth usage is dynamically adapted to available network bandwidth. Network feedback concerning available bandwidth and current load is provided by the statistics generated by the real-time protocol which is used to support many audio and video applications running on the Multicast Backbone. This feedback is evaluated and used to control the speech encoding and adaptation. Speech segments are encoded to 16, 12, 10, 8 or 4 bit samples depending on network traffic conditions. Fewer bits are used when current network conditions show a reduction in available bandwidth, and additional bits are used when bandwidth is plentiful. Bit reduction lowers the amount of bandwidth needed to transmit the audio samples, and subsequently, fewer audio data packets are lost. Listening tests were performed to evaluate perceptual quality and to establish an acceptable maximum loss rate and minimum encoding rate.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scission of Diblock Copolymers into Their Constituent Blocks

Department of Chemistry and Department of PolymerScience and Engineering, UniVersity of MassachusettsAmherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003ReceiVed NoVember 29, 2005ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed January 10, 2006Phase segregation of amphiphilic block copolymers has beenused to create nanoporous thin films by the removal of the minorcomponent from self-assembled structures.
Magnitude of the light current quark masses

We estimate the absolute values of the light current quark masses m/sub u/, m/sub d/, and m/sub s/ defined as parameters in the renormalized quantum-chromodynamic Lagrangian in two different ways. Our results are m/sub u/=1.8 +- 0.7 MeV, m/sub d/=4.3 +- 1.7 MeV, and m/sub s/=112 +- 66 MeV at the renormalization-point mass ..mu..approx.1 GeV.
Therapeutic and aesthetic application of video with the developmentally disabled

This paper will explore the use of video with clients classified as mentally retarded, multiply handicapped, autistic or severely learning disabled, a population that has been historically largely underserved by the mental health professions. Applications will include video as a tool for assessing client performance, as an expressive art medium, for program documentation and as a means of promoting the therapeutic experience. Video is a medium that is central to the lives of most people, including those who are mentally handicapped. In institutions, hospitals, group homes, schools and households across the country, the ubiquitous television and VCR provide entertainment, companionship and information. Television is most often regarded as a passive medium that demands a minimum of creative or thoughtful expenditure. For this reason it has been much maligned. Kramer (1979, R16) considered it an ever-available slave who helps endure loneliness, anxiety and isolation, and enfeebles the healthy impetus to seek out relationships or turn passive experiences into active mastery. However, with the expansion of video-recording technology (as well as computer technology) millions have come to utilize the medium on an active and interactive basis with far greater creative expressivity than was previously thought possible. The developmentally disabled have had only limited access to interactive forms of video beyond the traditional passive means of entertainment. More often, clients have been subjects of documentaries and program archives (see Wiseman) or, in rare instances, they have performed in video productions, one being Robert Wilson’s “Deafman Glance” (1970). The deficits usually regarded as characteristic of those afflicted with neurological damage are insufficient cognitive capabilities, language skills and the handling of even basic technologies. Educational concerns, however, have led to adapting the technology to increase its accessibility for the entire range of developmentally disabled clients, including those who are profoundly mentally retarded. Utilized as a means of multi-sensory stimulation, video provides clients with lively audiovisual experiences. Despite their very limited capacities to follow narrative or express preferences, clients have responded to a range of unlikely videotapes, such as David Bymes’ concert tape “Stop Making Sense,” Laurie Anderson’s “United States,” and Disney’s “Fantasia” as well as other art-school tapes produced at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In some instances, sensory stimulation is more effective when toned down, particularly for those who are easily overstimulated, those with hyperactivity or autism. Tapes featuring a quiet snowfall, a walk in the woods, a view of an aquarium provide needed stimulation and vicarious experience for those unable to participate directly. Video can directly engage both educational and therapeutic issues indigenous to the developmentally
Characterization of Model Peptide Adducts with Reactive Metabolites of Naphthalene by Mass Spectrometry

Naphthalene is a volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon generated during combustion and is a ubiquitous chemical in the environment. Short term exposures of rodents to air concentrations less than the current OSHA standard yielded necrotic lesions in the airways and nasal epithelium of the mouse, and in the nasal epithelium of the rat. The cytotoxic effects of naphthalene have been correlated with the formation of covalent protein adducts after the generation of reactive metabolites, but there is little information about the specific sites of adduction or on the amino acid targets of these metabolites. To better understand the chemical species produced when naphthalene metabolites react with proteins and peptides, we studied the formation and structure of the resulting adducts from the incubation of model peptides with naphthalene epoxide, naphthalene diol epoxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and 1,4-naphthoquinone using high resolution mass spectrometry. Identification of the binding sites, relative rates of depletion of the unadducted peptide, and selectivity of binding to amino acid residues were determined. Adduction occurred on the cysteine, lysine, and histidine residues, and on the N-terminus. Monoadduct formation occurred in 39 of the 48 reactions. In reactions with the naphthoquinones, diadducts were observed, and in one case, a triadduct was detected. The results from this model peptide study will assist in data interpretation from ongoing work to detect peptide adducts in vivo as markers of biologic effect.
Bystander effect for chromosomal aberrations induced in wild-type and repair deficient CHO cells by low fluences of alpha particles.

Abstract We have previously shown that when confluent cultures of mammalian cells are exposed to very low fluences of alpha particles, fluences whereby as few as 1% of the cell nuclei are traversed by a single particle, genetic effects including specific gene mutations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) are induced in neighboring, non-irradiated “bystander” cells. The present investigation was designed to examine the induction of chromosomal aberrations in wild-type CHO cells and its DNA double strand break repair deficient mutant xrs-5 by a broad range of alpha particle fluences yielding mean doses of 0.17–200 cGy. The dose–response curve for the induction of aberrations was curvilinear for both cell lines, with a greater effect occurring at very low fluences owing to aberrations arising in bystander cells. These aberrations were predominately of the chromatid-type. With such fluences, the number of cells with induced aberrations per nucleus irradiated increased up to 4-fold in CHO cells and 15-fold in xrs-5 cells over that expected if aberrations occurred only in irradiated cells. These results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the primary DNA damage in bystander CHO cells is oxidative base damage leading to a relatively small bystander effect for gross chromosomal aberrations as compared with mutations or SCE; the larger bystander effect in xrs-5 cells is the result of oxidative damage and non-repaired DNA strand breaks which may result from opposed oxidative lesions.
Professor Carl S. “speed” Marvel

Professor Marvel was one of the great polymer pioneers and innovators. He contributed throughout his lengthy career to every aspect of organic polymer chemistry. His many contributions and activities can be outlined in the following list: education; research; industrial consulting; government; american chemical society; awards; human being I shall discuss each of these in turn.
Interleukin-1-induced NF-κB Activation Is NEMO-dependent but Does Not Require IKKβ *

Activation of NF-kappaB by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) requires the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which contains two kinases named IKKalpha and IKKbeta and a critical regulatory subunit named NEMO. Although we have previously demonstrated that NEMO associates with both IKKs, genetic studies reveal that only its interaction with IKKbeta is required for TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. To determine whether NEMO and IKKalpha can form a functional IKK complex capable of activating the classical NF-kappaB pathway in the absence of IKKbeta, we utilized a panel of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking each of the IKK complex subunits. This confirmed that TNF-induced IkappaBalpha degradation absolutely requires NEMO and IKKbeta. In contrast, we consistently observed intact IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation in response to IL-1 in two separate cell lines lacking IKKbeta. Furthermore, exogenously expressed, catalytically inactive IKKbeta blocked TNF- but not IL-1-induced IkappaBalpha degradation in wild-type MEFs, and reconstitution of IKKalpha/beta double knockout cells with IKKalpha rescued IL-1- but not TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. Finally, we have shown that incubation of IKKbeta-deficient MEFs with a cell-permeable peptide that blocks the interaction of NEMO with the IKKs inhibits IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Our results therefore demonstrate that NEMO and IKKalpha can form a functional IKK complex that activates the classical NF-kappaB pathway in response to IL-1 but not TNF. These findings further suggest NEMO differentially regulates the fidelity of the IKK subunits activated by distinct upstream signaling pathways.
A VARIANCE‐REDUCTION STRATEGY FOR RSM SIMULATION STUDIES

The application of optimization techniques in digital simulation experiments is frequently complicated by the presence of large experimental error variances. Two of the more widely accepted design strategies for the resolution of this problem include the assignment of common pseudorandom number streams and the assignment of antithetic pseudorandom number streams to the experimental points. When considered separately, however, each of these variance-reduction procedures has rather restrictive limitations. This paper examines the simultaneous use of these two techniques as a variance-reduction strategy in response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of simulation models. A simulation of an inventory system is used to illustrate the application and benefits of this assignment procedure, as well as the basic components of an RSM analysis.
Investigation of thermodynamic parameters in the thermal decomposition of plastic waste-waste lube oil compounds.

Thermal decomposition properties of plastic waste−waste lube oil compounds were investigated under nonisothermal conditions. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were selected as representative household plastic wastes. A plastic waste mixture (PWM) and waste lube oil (WLO) were mixed with mixing ratios of 33, 50, and 67 (w/w) % on a PWM weight basis, and thermogravimetric (TG) experiments were performed from 25 to 600 °C. The Flynn-Wall method and the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were used for analyses of thermodynamic parameters. In this study, activation energies of PWM/WLO compounds ranged from 73.4 to 229.6 kJ/mol between 0.2 and 0.8 of normalized mass conversions, and the 50% PWM/WLO compound had lower activation energies and enthalpies among the PWM/WLO samples at each mass conversion. At the point of maximum differential mass conversion, the analyzed activation energies, enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies indicated that mixing PWM and...
Real-space formulation of the mixed-basis pseudopotential method: Bulk structural properties of elemental copper

We present a formulation of the mixed-basis expansion for electronic structure calculations, which allows calculations on systems in which there is a strongly localized component of the valence charge density. As in the conventional mixed-basis expansion, a small plane-wave basis is augmented with a set of auxiliary functions to describe the localized component of the wave functions. Unlike the conventional mixed-basis scheme, however, a fixed set of optimized nonoverlapping auxiliary functions are employed, so that matrix elements involving this set are calculable by very fast and accurate one-dimensional k-independent quadrature. The method is applied to study the electronic structure and bulk structural properties of Cu. The electronic structure, based on the pseudopotential of Bachelet, Hamann, and Schl\"uter, compares well with that obtained from other self-consistent state-of-the-art all-electron methods. The total energies for Cu in the fcc and bcc crystal structures are calculated and compared. We find that the fcc structure is favored at all densities, although the bcc exhibits an unusually stable high-density structure. A number of technical points relating to the use of these optimized local basis functions in band-structure calculations are discussed.
Homelessness: An Interior Design Education Challenge?

Homelessness in the United States is growing at an alarming rate. Thousands of families and individuals have not achieved the basic need for shelter. This paper presents homelessness as a socio-environmental problem which requires the involvement of government, professional organizations, and the educational community. Evidence is presented of past activity and opportunity for future involvement of interior design programs.
Semi-supervised Clustering Based on K-Nearest Neighbors

In this study, a semi-supervised clustering algorithm, based on k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), is proposed. The distance relationships between unlabeled and k-nearest neighbor data of each cluster are adopted in order to categorize the unlabeled data. Experiment result shows that proposed method can obtain a good performance.
Interactive sonification of choropleth maps

Auditory information is an important channel for the visually impaired. Effective sonification (the use of non-speech audio to convey information) promotes equal working opportunities for people with vision impairments by helping them explore data collections for problem solving and decision making. Interactive sonification systems can make georeferenced data accessible to people with vision impairments. The authors compare methods for using sound to encode georeferenced data patterns and for navigating maps.
Enhancing the Role of the Library in the Research Process: A Review of the Research Review Competition

The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of the Research Review Competition in promoting the research process and highlight the impact this unique program has made at the college. To understand the role and impact, this article will review the competition and highlight some of its accomplishments.
Abstract 4100: YM-155 sensitizes malignant human glioma cells to ABT-737 via survivin and Mcl-1 downregulation in an EGFR-dependent context.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Antiapoptotic proteins are commonly overexpressed in gliomas, contributing to therapeutic resistance. We recently showed that clinically achievable concentrations of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737 failed to induce apoptosis in glioma cells, with persistent expression of survivin and Mcl-1. To address the role of these mediators in glioma apoptosis resistance, we analyzed the effects of YM-155, a survivin suppressant, on survival on a panel of glioma cell lines. YM-155 inhibited growth, and downregulated survivin and Mcl-1 in a dose- and cell line-dependent manner. Whereas U373, LN18, LNZ428, T98G, LN229, and LNZ308 cells exhibited an IC50 of 10-75 nM, A172 cells were resistant (IC50 ∼ 250 nM). No correlation was found between sensitivity to YM-155 and baseline expression of survivin or cIAP-1/cIAP-2/XIAP. However, strong correlation was observed between EGFR activation levels and YM-155 response, which was confirmed using EGFR-transduced versus wild-type cells. Because we postulated that decreasing Mcl-1 expression may enhance glioma sensitivity to ABT-737, we examined whether cotreatment with YM-155 promoted ABT-737 efficacy. YM-155 synergistically enhanced ABT-737-induced cytotoxicity and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 using shRNA also enhanced ABT-737-inducing killing, confirming an important role for Mcl-1 in mediating synergism between ABT-737 and YM-155. As with YM-155 alone, sensitivity to YM-155 and ABT-737 Citation Format: Esther P. Jane, Daniel Premkumar, Joseph DiDomenico, Bo Hu, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Ian Pollack. YM-155 sensitizes malignant human glioma cells to ABT-737 via survivin and Mcl-1 downregulation in an EGFR-dependent context. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4100. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4100
The Relationship of Scores on Elizur's Hostility System on the Rorschach to the Acting-Out Score on the Hand Test

The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree of relationship between Elizur's (1949) Hostility Scoring on the Rorschach to the Acting-Out Score on the Hand Test (Wagner, 1961). The subjects were 29 volunteers with a mean age of 34 years from the general population. The Rorschach and the Hand Test were administered individually to each subject in a single sitting. The Pearson product-moment correlation technique was used to compare the acting-out score with the hostility level. The correlational coefficients obtained in the study ranged from .40 to .64 and attained significance beyond the .01 level. The results of the study indicate that there is a significantly positive relationship between the two measures of aggressiveness. The Hand Test might better be utilized in predicting the direction to the aggressiveness as it also takes into consideration the positive or socially acceptable feelings manifested by the subject.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation by Supported γ-FeOOH in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor: Kinetic Approach

Oxidation of benzoic acid (BA) by H2O2 was performed with a novel supported A-FeOOH catalyst in a circulating fluidized-bed reactor (CFBR). This study focused mainly on determining the proportions of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis in this CFBR. Also studied herein was how pH, H2O2 concentration, and BA concentration affect the oxidation of BA. Experimental results indicate that the decomposition rate of H2O2 was proportional to its concentration and that the oxidation rate of BA depended on both H2O2 and BA concentrations. The change in the rate constant of heterogeneous catalysis by pH was described in terms of ionization fractions of surface hydroxyl group. From the mathematical deduction, we can infer that the reaction rate associated with tFe III OH2 + is markedly higher than that with tFe III OH. Conclusively, although heterogeneous catalysis contributes primarily to the oxidation of BA at pH 4.4-7.0, the homogeneous catalysis is of increasing importance below pH 4.4 because of the reductive dissolution of A-FeOOH.
Distribution of phosphopyruvate carboxylase in pig liver.

Abstract Phosphopyruvate carboxylase (GTP:oxaloacetate carboxylase (transphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32) activity has been found in pig and lamb liver mitochondria and in the soluble cell fraction in rat, hamster, and mouse livers. In pig liver, the cellular distribution was found to be 60–70% soluble and 15–25% mitochondrial. This cellular distribution was similar in both fed and 72-h fasted pigs. The specific activity increased 2 fold in the mitochondria and 3 fold in the soluble fraction prior to sacrifice. The K m constants for pig phosphopyruvate carboxylase at pH 6.4 obtained from the 100 000 × g cell supernatant were phosphoenolpyruvate, 6.65·10−4 M; Mn2+, 9.33·10−4 M; NaHCO3, 1.47·10−2 M; and IDP, 5.4·10−5 M.
Ruthenium metallacycles derived from 14-electron complexes. New insights into olefin metathesis intermediates.

Ruthenium(IV) metallacycles derived from both ethylene and propene are reported. The propene-derived metallacycles represent the first observed examples of substituted ruthenacyclobutanes and offer new insight into the preferred stereochemical orientation about metathesis intermediates. In addition, a metallacycle possessing an unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand was prepared and investigated to ascertain the dynamics of the NHC relative to the metallacycle ring. Metallacycles investigated were found to possess exchange cross-peaks between the α- and β-positions in the 2D NMR, indicating a dynamic structure. The implications of these results to the mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis are discussed.
Early hominid from Baringo, Kenya

Palaeontological evidence and comparative molecular studies of modern hominoids suggest that major evolutionary changes occurred in the African Hominoidea between 14 Myr and 4 Myr1–3. Unfortunately, very few relevant fossils are known from that time interval4–13. Rocks exposed in the fault scarps of the Tugen Hills in the north Kenya Rift Valley west of Lake Baringo are important as the major known outcrops of fossiliferous sediments spanning this otherwise poorly known time period13,14. As reported here, a new fossil hominid from Tabarin, within this sequence, establishes the presence of the family in Africa as much as 5 Myr ago. Before this find the oldest well-documented occurrence of hominids was the Australopithecus afarensis material from Laetoli, Tanzania15. The Tabarin specimen is up to one million years nearer the divergence point between hominids and the African apes. In several features it resembles A. afarensis rather than other hominoids.
A screw microdrive for adjustable chronic unit recording in monkeys

A screw microdrive is described that attaches to the grid system used for recording single neurons from brains of awake behaving monkeys. Multiple screwdrives can be mounted on a grid over a single cranial opening. This method allows many electrodes to be implanted chronically in the brain and adjusted as needed to maintain isolation.
Glaciological and climatic significance of Hercules Dome, Antarctica: An optimal site for deep ice core drilling

[1] We present glaciological and climatological characteristics of Hercules Dome, Antarctica (86°S, 105°W), which demonstrate its potential as a deep ice core site. Annual layering in δD ratios from a 72 m ice core collected by the US-ITASE 2002 traverse indicate accumulation rates of 0.16–0.20 m/yr ice equivalent over the last 300 years. Age control from stratigraphy seen in the radio-echo sounding data collected during the same traverse suggests a rate of 0.09–0.11 m/yr averaged over the past 18,000 years. Ice stratigraphy also indicates that the ice divide position has been stable through at least this period. Comparison of satellite-derived temperature anomalies with atmospheric reanalysis data show that the site is sensitive to the two dominant patterns of climate variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. Climate proxy data from a deep ice core at Hercules Dome would be indicative of changes in Pacific Southern Hemisphere climate variability and may provide new information on rapid climate change events in Antarctica. The sensitivity of the site and the combination of relatively high accumulation rates, low temperatures (mean annual −35°C to −40°C), and simple ice flow suggest that Hercules Dome is an ideal site for a future deep ice core.