cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integration of primary care into the substance use disorder outpatient treatment setting.

Background Americans experiencing substance use disorder (SUD) carry a significant chronic disease burden, yet only half use primary care. Patients in treatment for SUD who are connected with primary care typically have better overall health outcomes. Local problem The identified intensive outpatient program (IOP) had no protocol in place to engage patients with primary care. Methods This project piloted the development and implementation of an original, evidence-based primary care integration program. It consisted of a psychoeducation group, a referral by case management, and establishment of an internal referral process to affiliated primary care providers (PCPs). Interventions Following the psychoeducation group, pre and posttests of patient-reported knowledge and attitudes regarding primary care were compared. Participants were contacted to collect further data after IOP discharge. An education and feedback session was held with affiliated PCPs, and an internal referral process was devised by leadership. Results Mean scores measuring patient knowledge and attitudes regarding primary care increased after participation in the structured psychoeducation group. By time of IOP discharge, 100% (n = 12) of participants had either a referral or scheduled appointment with a PCP in place. At time of follow-up, 90% (n = 9) reported that they had attended or planned to attend their scheduled PCP appointment. Conclusions A comprehensive integration program in the IOP setting can improve patient engagement with primary care. Quality improvement implementation will require consideration of challenges faced during the pilot involving scheduling, staff buy-in, changes in patient acuity, the electronic medical record, and insurance.
Paracentral and Cecocentral Scotomas After Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose To describe novel paracentral and cecocentral visual scotomas after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair over a 5-year period. Design Retrospective case series. Methods This was a retrospective review of all patients who reported visual scotomas after 23- or 25-gauge PPV (Constellation Vision System, Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) for RRD repair by a single surgeon (RNK) from January 2013 through December 2018. All patients had multimodal imaging (fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [OCT] and standardized central Humphrey visual field [HVF] testing) to further characterize the visual scotomas. Results Nine patients reported visual scotomas after PPV for RRD from January 2013 to December 2018 with incidence of 6.4% (9/140). The average age was 61 years (range 53-71 years) and 3 of 9 were female. The preceding RRD was macula-sparing for 6 of 9 patients; all of them involved the right eye. Seven of 9 patients reported the central scotoma within the first week after surgery. All 9 patients noted paracentral or cecocentral location of scotomas involving the inferior temporal visual field. Multimodal imaging was only significant for corresponding focal superior nasal ganglion cell loss on spectral-domain OCT. Two of 9 patients had symptomatic visual loss from the scotoma because it involved the center of fixation. Conclusions We report a novel central/paracentral visual field defect after PPV for RRD repair. The paracentral scotoma is located inferotemporally and correlates anatomically with ganglion cell loss on spectral-domain OCT. The visual field defect and corresponding anatomic ganglion cell loss suggests a focal retinal injury. We propose that it could be caused by trauma from air flow from the infusion cannula during the air–gas exchange, angled directly toward the superior nasal paracentral retina. Surgeons should be aware of this complication and take precautions to slowly inject the gas after the air–gas exchange.
Playing the field in all-pay auctions

We provide the first examination of all-pay auctions using continuous-time protocols, allowing subjects to adjust their bid at will, observe payoffs almost instantaneously, and gain more experience through repeated-play than in previous, discrete-time, implementations. Unlike our predecessors—who generally find overbidding—we observe underbidding relative to Nash equilibrium. To test the predictions of evolutionary models, we vary the number of bidders and prizes across treatments. If two bidders compete for a single prize, evolutionary models predict convergence to equilibrium. If three bidders compete for two prizes, evolutionary models predict non-convergent cyclical behavior. Consistent with evolutionary predictions, we observe cyclical behavior in both auctions and greater instability in two-prize auctions. These results suggest that evolutionary models can provide practitioners in the field with additional information about long-run aggregate behavior that is absent from conventional models.
Medical Student Patient Outreach to Ensure Continuity of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the (Yale New Haven) Health System began rescheduling nonurgent outpatient appointments as virtual visits in March 2020. While (Yale New Haven Heal...
Multimodal Data Fusion in High-Dimensional Heterogeneous Datasets Via Generative Models

The commonly used latent space embedding techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, and manifold learning techniques, are typically used for learning effective representations of homogeneous data. However, they do not readily extend to heterogeneous data that are a combination of numerical and categorical variables, e.g., arising from linked GPS and text data. In this paper, we are interested in learning probabilistic generative models from high-dimensional heterogeneous data in an unsupervised fashion. The learned generative model provides latent unified representations that capture the factors common to the multiple dimensions of the data, and thus enable fusing multimodal data for various machine learning tasks. Following a Bayesian approach, we propose a general framework that combines disparate data types through the natural parameterization of the exponential family of distributions. To scale the model inference to millions of instances with thousands of features, we use the Laplace-Bernstein approximation for posterior computations involving nonlinear link functions. The proposed algorithm is presented in detail for the commonly encountered heterogeneous datasets with real-valued (Gaussian) and categorical (multinomial) features. Experiments on two high-dimensional and heterogeneous datasets (NYC Taxi and MovieLens-10 M) demonstrate the scalability and competitive performance of the proposed algorithm on different machine learning tasks such as anomaly detection, data imputation, and recommender systems.
Encouraging Self-Explanation Through Case-Based Tutoring: A Case Study

This paper presents a case-based tutor, CECELIA 1.1, that is based on techniques from CELIA, a computer model of case-based apprenticeship learning [Redmond 1992]. The teaching techniques include: interactive, step by step presentation of case solution steps, student predictions of an expert's actions, presentation of the expert's steps, student explanations of the expert's actions, and presentation of the expert's explanation. In addition, CECELIA takes advantage of a technique from VanLehn's [1987] SIERRA — presenting examples in an order so that solutions only differ by one branch, or disjunct, from previously presented examples. CECELIA relies on its teaching strategy encouraging greater processing of the examples by the student, rather than on embedding great amounts of intelligence in the tutor. CECELIA is implemented using HyperCard on an Apple Macintosh, and has been pilot tested with real students. The tests suggest that the approach can be helpful, but also suggest that eliciting self-explanations from students who normally do not self-explain may be challenging.
HIGH SENSITIVITY ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS USING THE ARGONNE 100–INCH RADIUS DOUBLE-FOCUSING MASS SPECTROMETER

Summary Two factors important in high sensitivity isotopic analysis are instrument transmission and background ion currents. The Argonne 100-inch radius double focusing mass spectrometer has 95 per cent transmission for the usual ionization sources with a resolution of 10 4 . Impurity ions of the same mass number as a nuclide being analysed for, even in the high mass range, will in general be resolved, permitting ion current detection and isotope identification close to electron multiplier background noise level. The instrument uses a modified Mattauch–Herzog focusing arrangement with spherical electrostatic analyser. The parameters are Φ e = 75°, Φ m = 110°, e′= + 36·5°, e″= −35°, r e = r m = 100in., 1 e ″ = 26·8in., 1 m ″ = 24·5 in., δ = 36 in., R′ = 547 in. There is second order direction focusing and partial z-axis focusing.
EPR and ENDOR characterization of nonlinear optical materials

Point defects are known to limit the performance of many nonlinear optical materials. For example, gray tracks form along the beam path in some KTP crystals when they are subjected to lasers operating at high peak powers. Transient absorption bands in the visible and ultraviolet can be induced in KDP and BBO crystals by intense pulsed laser beams. Chalcopyrite crystals such as ZnGeP2 and AgGaS2 can have unwanted absorption bands which overlap their desirable 2-μm OPO pump region. All of these device-limiting extrinsic absorption bands are associated with point defects in the bulk of the crystals. Among the responsible defects are transition-metal-ion impurities, other nonmagnetic impurities, cation vacancies, anion vacancies, and antisites. In some materials, the point defects present in the as-grown crystals may already exhibit absorption bands, while in other cases, the existing point defects may need to trap an electron or hole during device operation before the absorption band is activated. Eliminating the optically active point defects during crystal growth will lead to materials with higher damage thresholds. With this as a goal, numerous investigators have used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) to identify and characterize point defects which give rise to the unwanted absorption bands. EPR can detect concentrations of defects at levels as low as tens of parts per billion. Furthermore, each defect has a unique g-value signature which allows a variety of defects to be monitored simultaneously. Superhyperfine interactions with surrounding nuclei permits a "mapping" of the wave function for each defect and this results in a detailed model of the defect. The following review provides examples of how EPR and ENDOR are used to characterize commercially available nonlinear optical materials.
Cloning yeast telomeres on linear plasmid vectors

We have constructed a linear yeast plasmid by joining fragments from the termini of Tetrahymena ribosomal DNA to a yeast vector. Structural features of the terminus region of the Tetrahymena rDNA plasmid maintained in the yeast linear plasmid include a set of specifically placed single-strand interruptions within the cluster of hexanucleotide (C4A2) repeat units. An artificially constructed hairpin terminus was unable to stabilize a linear plasmid in yeast. The fact that yeast can recognize and use DNA ends from the distantly related organism Tetrahymena suggests that the structural features required for telomere replication and resolution have been highly conserved in evolution. The linear plasmid was used as a vector to clone chromosomal telomeres from yeast. One Tetrahymena end was removed by restriction digestion, and yeast fragments that could function as an end on a linear plasmid were selected. Restriction mapping and hybridization analysis demonstrated that these fragments were yeast telomeres, and suggested that all yeast chromosomes might have a common telomere sequence. Yeast telomeres appear to be similar in structure to the rDNA of Tetrahymena, in which specific nicks or gaps are present within a simple repeated sequence near the terminus of the DNA.
A neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist decreases postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation and increases peritoneal fibrinolytic activity

Fibrous adhesions remain a major sequela of abdominal surgery. The proinflammatory peptide substance P (SP), known to participate in inflammatory events, may play a key role in adhesion formation. This hypothesis was tested by using an antagonist, CJ-12,255 (Pfizer), that blocks the binding of SP to the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R). Adhesion formation was surgically induced in the peritoneum of rats receiving daily doses of the NK-1R antagonist (NK-1RA; 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg per day) or saline. On postoperative day 7, both the low and high doses of NK-1RA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced adhesion formation by 45% and 53%, respectively, compared with controls. Subsequently, the effect of NK-1RA administration on peritoneal fibrinolytic activity was investigated to determine a potential mechanism for SP action in the peritoneum. Samples were collected from nonoperated controls and from animals 24 h postsurgery that were administered either NK-1RA or saline. Fibrinolytic activity in peritoneal fluid was assayed by zymography, and expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, both regulators of fibrinolytic activity, was assessed in peritoneal tissue and fluid by RT-PCR and bioassay, respectively. NK-1RA administration led to a marked (P < 0.05) increase in tPA mRNA levels in peritoneal tissue compared with nonoperated and saline-administered animals. Likewise, NK-1RA administration significantly (P < 0.05) increased tPA in the peritoneal fluid. These data suggest that activation of the NK-1R promotes peritoneal adhesion formation by limiting fibrinolytic activity in the postoperative peritoneum, thus enabling fibrinous adhesions to persist.
Pharmacokinetics in Children: History, Considerations, and Applications

Crucial to safe pharmacological intervention in the pediatric population is a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in children as opposed to adults. This article discusses these differences and clarifies factors related to medication prescribing and administration techniques.
Salivary Cortisol Testing in Children

Biological markers can identify links between human biology and human behavior. Cortisol, a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function, is a useful measure in research. Newer tec...
Methodological artifacts in tests of rational choice theory

Abstract Criminal decision making is an inherently natural and highly individualized process; however, rather than allowing participants to self-identify the costs and benefits that impact their own decisions to offend, rational choice researchers have typically provided participants with a uniform list of consequences to consider. Indirect evidence suggests this technique may alter the participants’ perceptions of consequences, yet no study to date has examined this supposition directly. In the current study, participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they either received a list of traditional costs and benefits to assess or were asked to self-generate their own list to assess. As in past research, when participants were allowed to self-generated consequences they identified several “novel” costs/benefits that have certainty/severity rating comparable to many of the traditionally examined consequences. Results also showed that consequences are more likely to be perceived as possible outcomes (i.e., receive a non-zero probability) when they are presented by researchers than when they are self-generated. Finally, the average certainty and severity of negative consequences do not differ across condition, while ratings of the certainty and value of benefits from crime are relatively lower when they are presented by researchers. Implications for rational choice theory and survey research in criminology more broadly are discussed.
DOPAMINERGIC INHIBITION OF PITUITARY β-ENDORPHIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY SECRETION IN THE RAT

A pharmacologic approach was used to examine the possible role of dopamine neurons in the regulation of pituitary β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (β-END-LI) secretion in the rat. Blockade of dopamine receptors by haloperidol or pimozide treatment evoked dose- and time-related increases in plasma levels of β-END-LI. Physical immobilization increased circulating β-END-LI six-fold and pretreatment with dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine or pergolide) significantly attenuated this rise without affecting plasma β-END-LI levels in non-stressed animals. Dopaminergic drugs and immobilization produced similar effects on circulating PRL as on β-END-LI. However, the magnitude of change in levels of PRL was generally greater than the change in β-END-LI. The present findings suggest that dopaminergic neurons inhibit the release of pituitary β-END-LI as well as PRL in the rat.
Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis via environmental and genetic dysregulation of N-glycosylation

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) result from complex and poorly understood interactions of genetic and environmental factors. A central role for T cells in MS is supported by mouse models, association of the major histocompatibility complex region, and association of critical T cell growth regulator genes such as interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2RA) and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7RA). Multiple environmental factors (vitamin D3 deficiency and metabolism) converge with multiple genetic variants (IL-7RA, IL-2RA, MGAT1, and CTLA-4) to dysregulate Golgi N-glycosylation in MS, resulting in T cell hyperactivity, loss of self-tolerance and in mice, a spontaneous MS-like disease with neurodegeneration. Here, we review the genetic and biological interactions that regulate MS pathogenesis through dysregulation of N-glycosylation and how this may enable individualized therapeutic approaches.
Exhaust Emissions From a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine

Engine-out and post-catalyst emissions of ammonia, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide are measured for an ammonia and gasoline dual fueled spark ignition engine. An ordinary three-way catalytic converter can be used to clean up these emissions. The clean-up region occurs between stoichiometric and 0.2% rich. Ordinary exhaust gas oxygen sensors are usable with ammonia and gasoline in much the same way as they are with gasoline alone.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Hemopoietic environment necessary for an early stage in differentiation of antibody-forming cells: effect of cortisol.

Treatment of adult mice with cortisol decreased the number and frequency of bone marrow precursors of anti-sheep erythrocyte hemolytic plaque-forming cells (P-PFC) and marrow “lymphocytes.” However, the more primitive progenitors of P-PFC in marrow were not affected. Treatment of prospective recipients of marrow grafts with cortisol impaired the generation of P-PFC by transplanted primitive progenitor cells. Differentiation with proliferation of P-PFC into mature PFC was less dramatically affected by cortisol. P-PFC were not apparently suppressed directly, since the fall-off of P-PFC did not occur during the first day after administration of cortisol. Thus, cortisol impairs the generation of P-PFC by altering a hemopoietic inductive environment necessary for this step in differentiation of immunocompetent cells.
Color Texture Modeling and Color Image Decomposition in a Variational-PDE Approach

This paper is devoted to a new variational model for color texture modeling and color image decomposition into cartoon and texture. A given image f in the RGB space is decomposed into a cartoon part and a texture part. The cartoon part is modeled by the space of vector-valued functions of bounded variation, while the texture or noise part is modeled by a space of oscillatory functions, dual in some sense of the BV space. Examples for color image decomposition, color image denoising, and color texture discrimination and segmentation will be presented.
A scintillator purification system for a large scale solar neutrino experiment

Abstract An on-line purification system for a large-scale low-background liquid scintillation detector has been tested with the 5-ton liquid scintillation detector, the Counting Test Facility at Gran Sasso. Counter-current water extraction removes polar and charged impurities such as ions and metal salts. Vacuum distillation of the entire scintillator has been applied to remove both radioactive impurities and chemical impurities that affect the optical properties of the scintillator. Filtration with a 0.05 μm particulate filter removed suspended dust particles that may contain U, Th and K. Nitrogen stripping was employed to remove dissolved water and noble gases (e.g. 85Kr) from the scintillator. The system has effectively reduced the internal back in the 5 ton liquid scintillation detector from 470±90 events/d to the detection limit of the detector (±45 events/d) in the energy window 250
A description of the experimental microwave discharge behavior versus pressure, power and reactor geometry for MPACVD diamond synthesis reactors

Summary form only given. Recently two new microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPACVD) diamond synthesis reactors [1,2] were designed, built and experimentally evaluated and their performance was compared to earlier MPACVD reactor designs [3]. In order to take advantage of the improved CVD diamond synthesis conditions that occur within the high pressure regime (160–300 Torr) the two reactors were designed to operate with high power densities and at high pressures. When these reactors operate at high pressures single crystal MPACVD diamond synthesis occurs over a large range of reactor conditions [1,2] such as: (1) pressure, p, 100->300 Torr. (2) input power 1–6 kW, (3) flow rates, (4) methane to hydrogen concentrations of &#60; 1% to greater than 9%, (5) discharge power densities of 200–1000 W/cm3, (6) substrate holder design/geometry, (7) reactor design/geometry and (8) plasma/substrate position, ZS.
IL-6 Modulates Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression in Dermal Fibroblasts from IL-6-Deficient Mice

IL-6 deficient (IL-6KO) mice display significantly delayed cutaneous wound closure. Myofibroblasts are the primary mediators of wound closure, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) is a marker of fibroblast differentiation to the myofibroblast phenotype. Wounds from IL-6KO, and wild-type mice were collected up to 6 days following wounding. Expression of alpha-SMA mRNA was found to be increased in wounds of IL-6KO mice up to 48 hours post wounding, but decreased below wild-type levels by 72 hours. Recombinant IL-6 treatment of IL-6KO dermal fibroblasts showed an induction of alpha-SMA mRNA and protein peaking at 1 ng/ml cytokine, but declining at higher concentrations. Actinomycin-D treatment of fibroblast cultures indicated that recombinant mouse IL-6 (rmIL-6) induction of alpha-SMA mRNA appeared to be primarily transcriptionally regulated, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase, but not signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 was readily phosphorylated in rmIL-6 treated IL-6KO fibroblasts. A dose-response increase in the mRNA expression of the IL-6R signaling inhibitor protein suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 was also noted in rmIL-6-treated IL-6KO fibroblasts. These data indicate that alpha-SMA expression is dysregulated in IL-6KO mice. The expression of alpha-SMA induced by rmIL-6 in fibroblasts from IL-6KO mice appears to be transcriptionally modulated, dependent on JAK1 kinase, and possibly downregulated as a result of increased SOCS3 expression.
On the number of significant findings to be expected by chance

When multiple significance tests are computed, a certain number of “significant” findings will emerge simply because of chance fluctuations. In the present paper, some factors affecting the number of nominally significant results are elaborated and a general method is suggested which permits unbiased inference as to the significance of a set of findings,as a set. The method advocated employs a high speed computer to generate empirically a sampling distribution tailormade to a particular data matrix. The method is illustrated in the case of dichotomous response to inventory items, where it is found that the statistical model still often used as a basis for estimation is overly conservative. Some problems in the application of the method are discussed.
Metathesis polymerization: copolymers of methyltetracyclododecene and norbornene nitrile

Abstract A RIM polymerization process for nonpolar cycloolefins is described. WCl6 catalyst was modified with the diethyl acetal of acetaldehyde to increase its solubility and activity, thereby reducing residual volatiles m the RIM polymerization. The catalyst was activated with aluminum alkyls, and norbornene nitrile (NN) was used to control polymerization rates. Methyltetracyclododecene (MTD) copolymerizes easily with NN, but at high MTD levels there appears to be phase separation, indicating block copolymer formation. NN controls polymerization rate and participates in the polymerization, yielding copolymers with high Tg. Polymer properties were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis and DSC. The monomer and polymer compositions were analysed by NMR spectroscopy. Two-dimensional NMR determined that MTD was a mixture of two isomers, and high resolution 13C NMR of the copolymers showed high conversions in all cases.
Graft copolymers by atom transfer polymerization

Various graft copolymers have been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using both grafting through and grafting from approaches. The synthesis and some properties are reviewed.
Diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the office

The evaluation of the child with ADHD can be a complex and time-consuming process. Because there are no specific diagnostic tests, the physician must rely on the old standard of history and observation. An approach to diagnosis has been outlined in this article, which views ADHD as one of many clinical expressions of a more generalized impairment of neurologic processing. This approach suggest that four separate areas should be investigated: family and medical history, behavior, cognition, and coordination, while searching for signs of impairment in each area. This can provide a framework for the private practitioner to effectively and efficiently evaluate a child for ADHD within a busy office practice.
Long-Term Outcome in 215 Children and Adolescents with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Treated During 1940 Through 2008

Controversy exists regarding the aggressiveness of initial therapy in childhood papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Few studies with long-term outcome exist and second primary malignancies have rarely been analyzed. We studied 215 PTC patients younger than 21 years old managed during 1940 through 2008. The patients were aged 3–20 year old (median age = 16 years); the median follow-up was 29 years. Recurrence and mortality details were taken from a computerized database. Median primary tumor size was 2.2 cm. Six percent had distant metastases at presentation, 5% had incomplete tumor resection, 86% had nodes removed at initial surgery, and 78% had nodal metastases. After complete surgical resection, PTC recurred in 32% by 40 years. At 20 years, the recurrence rates at local, regional, and distant sites were 7, 21, and 5%, respectively. During 1940–1969, local and regional recurrence rates after unilateral lobectomy (UL) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than after bilateral lobar resection (BLR). During 1950–2008 radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) was administered within 18 months to 32%; it did not diminish the 25-year regional recurrence rate of 16% seen after BLR alone (P = 0.86). Only two fatal events from PTC occurred at 28 and 30 years, for a cause-specific mortality at 40 years of only 2%. All-causes mortality rates did not exceed expectation through 20 years, but from 30 through 50 years, the number of deaths was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than predicted. Fifteen of 22 deaths (68%) resulted from nonthyroid malignancy. Survival from childhood PTC should be expected, but later death from nonthyroid malignancy is disconcerting. Seventy-three percent of those who died from nonthyroid malignancy had received postoperative therapeutic irradiation.
Measurements of diffusion coefficients of alternate blowing agents in closed cell foam insulation

The diffusion coefficient of air constituents and blowing agents, in closed cell foam insulation was measured to study the effects of blowing agents, CFC-11, HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b, on aging rates. Tests using a transient, constant volume, sorption method were run for each gas in each of three foams at elevated temperatures. The foams tested include two foams of the same base polymer chemistry blown with either HCFC-123, or HCFC-141b, as well as a foam of different chemistry blown with HCFC-123
Isotope effect and tunneling proton conduction in HTaWO6

Abstract A pulsed NMR study of the defect pyrochlore HTaWO 6 and its deuterated analog, DTaWO 6 , reveals that activated diffusion is taking place. The observed isotope effect and anomalously small attempt frequencies for diffusion are qualitatively explained by a simple tunneling model.
Project will map geological data across Earth

The One Geology project, which will map geological data across the Earth over the next two years, began the week of 12 March. Scientists from more than 55 countries will provide geological data for an online digital database that will use a new international standard for the data, a geological exchange language called GEOSciML. The project's target scale is 1:1 million. The first test datasets will become available later this year, and data will be added through 2008. The final data will be made available through interactive map browsers and portals such as Google Earth. The OneGeology project is part of the United Nations International Year of Planet Earth 2008. Additional information is available at http://www.onegeology.org
The application of regression methods to the BWR equation for calculation of volumetric and thermodynamic properties

This paper describes the methods used by the authors to revise the A.P.I. Project #44 selected thermodynamic properties tables for gaseous methane and gaseous ethane. For both gases, the experimental, literature, volumetric data were segregated into pressure — temperature or density — temperature regions. BWR coefficients were found for each region by various regression methods. A differential BWR equation is developed for the ethane project which guarantees continuity of the volumetric and thermodynamic surfaces at the interfaces between regions. Such data fitting techniques, which require the use of high-capacity, highspeed, digital computers, are necessary for accurate representation of PVT data over wide ranges of pressure and temperature. Equations representing the volumetric properties of methane and ethane are presented and compared against the experimental data and the results of previous data representations.
Independent Modal Sliding Mode Shape and Vibration Control Using a Stereophotogrammetric Measurement System

The last decade has seen the advent of active aperture antennas and other large distributed parameter systems. These antennas have the capability to change their shape to resemble a desired radiation pattern. In this study a method to simultaneously achieve active shape and vibration control of distributed parameter systems is presented. The optimal actuator location is computed for a desired profile using non-linear optimal programming techniques. For most shape control applications the actuator and sensor dynamics are much faster than the structural dynamics and slow shape changes are sufficient, thus quasi-static analysis is sufficient. The quasi-static actuation forces for the desired profile are then calculated by using independent modal space control (IMSC) principles. Quasi-static shape control is then implemented in a closed loop control using a 3-D photogrammetry sensing system. A sliding mode controller is designed for each dominant mode such that it drives the error between the required and actual modal contribution to zero. Conventional sliding mode controllers are discontinuous in nature and they might cause “control spillover”. This is avoided by using an “observer-based” solution.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Effect of Substrate on the Early Stages of the Growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Thin-Films

The fabrication of high-quality thin-films often depends on the early stages of the growth process during which epitaxy is established. The substrate structure and orientation generally play a critical role at this stage through epitaxy and interaction or reaction. Many different materials are being used as substrates to support thin-films of the YBa2Cu3O7-δ superconductors. In this study the early stages of the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin-films have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using pulsed-laser ablation, ultra-thin films were formed directly onto self-supporting, ion-thinned, single-crystal ceramic substrates. The substrates used were (001)-oriented MgO, (001)-oriented SrTiO3 and (001)-oriented LaAlO3.
Sensory innervation of soft tissues of the lumbar spine in the rat

The purpose of this study was to investigate neurophysiologically and anatomically the soft tissues of the dorsal compartment of the lumbar spine in order to understand better their possible role in low back pain. The focus was primarily on the lumbar facet joint and supraspinous ligament of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Microdissection of the dorsal ramus and electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of the dorsal ramus and its terminations in paravertebral tissue revealed that (a) there are mechanosensitive, slowly adapting fibers in the rat lumbar facet joint capsule; (b) there are slowly adapting, mechanosensitive units in the rat supraspinous ligaments that respond to tensile loading; both types of mechanosensitive units have high threshold; (c) mechanical stimulation of these tissues sometimes elicits afterdischarges lasting several minutes; (d) many extracellular recordings from the medial branch of the dorsal ramus appear to be reflex activity to mechanical stimulation; (e) silver impregnation of the rat joint capsule reveals individual axons, very few of which were encapsulated, suggesting that they terminate in free nerve endings; and (f) the nerves of the rat facet joint capsule contain 68, 160, and 200 kdalton polypeptide subunits of neurofilament protein (NFP). These results indicate that neurons of lumbar facet joint capsules and ligaments in the back are sensitive to mechanical strain and that the higher threshold neurons may serve a nociceptive (pain) function.
Heteronuclear cross polarization of solid-state 14N NMR powder patterns

Abstract The 14N1H adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating-frame (ADRF) and spin-lock cross-relaxation processes are investigated in the regime in which the magnitudes of the radiofrequency field (ω1) and quadrupolar interaction (ωQ) are of the same order. The results observed are the consequence of single-, double-, and zero-quantum effects. The matching condition for various ωQ's is investigated via the effect of the cross-relaxation process on the appearance of 14N NMR powder spectra. It is found that a simple but accurate treatment of the three-level system in terms of two matching conditions gives reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Effects of Brownian motion and structured water on aggregation of charged particles

Abstract Coagulation processes are integral to water treatment for removal of colloids and colloid-associated pollutants and therefore must be well understood. However, current research shows a disparity between experimental results and theoretical predictions. In some conditions, colloids that are predicted to be stable exhibit significantly less stability in experiments. To date, reasons offered for this disparity have not completely resolved the problem. In this paper, three issues that have previously been ignored are proposed as contributors to the disparity. The first is a model for estimating Brownian jump length which is anisotropic, with which it is shown that particles take longer to move away than once thought, and therefore, have a greater opportunity for attachment. The second issue develops a method for estimating the impact on the calculation of electrostatic repulsion due to variation in dielectric constant of water near surfaces. It is shown that including the low dielectric at the surface will greatly decrease the predicted electrostatic repulsion, and therefore, will decrease stability. The third issue concerns the impact of surface-induced water structure on the effective kinetic energy of particles near another surface. A model is developed for estimating the impact of kinetic energy on Brownian jump length and with the model it is shown that the impact can be great. Particles will have more energy to jump toward the interacting surface, than away, thus increasing the probability of aggregation.
A new method for handling liquid samples in organic elemental analysis

A method for handling liquid samples in automatic CHN analysis is described. It involves the use of an aluminum pan in which the sample is hermatically sealed by means of a sealing press. Satisfactory results have been obtained with liquids boiling between 35° and 290°.
PHASE SEPARATION IN MODELS FOR MANGANITES

Using computational techniques the phase diagram of models for manganites is studied. In the absence of Jahn–Teller phonons three regimes are found to dominate the low temperature properties of these models: (i) a ferromagnetic region induced by the double-exchange mechanism; (ii) a region with incommensurate spin correlations at small Hund coupling; and (iii) a novel regime of phase separation (PS) between hole-rich ferromagnetic and hole-poor antiferromagnetic domains. PS occurs both at high- and low density of eg electrons. Experiments for manganites compatible with the presence of PS are discussed. In the presence of dynamical Jahn–Teller phonons, PS is also observed and, in addition, staggered orbital order exists in some regions of parameter space.
International long-term ecological research: priorities and opportunities

ong-term data are now recognized as crucial to our understanding of en- vironmental change and management. His- torically, these studies have been difficult to maintain owing to (1) the dominance of short-term funding programs, (2) a mis- conception that long-term studies are merely a means of monitoring, and (3) an emphasis on short-term experimentation or hypothesis testing of specific interactions or processes under the assumption of equi- librium conditions. We now realize that the concept of equilibrium may be a seriously misleading way of viewing the worldr-3. The recent review by a special committee of the Ecological Society of America on the Future of Long-term Ecological Data (FLED) called for new initiatives to protect and increase our ability to manage ad- equately long-term data sets for future sci- entists4. The National Science Foundation (USA) responded to the need for support of long-term studies by initiating a program in Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) in 1980 (Ref. 5). The LTER program has now grown to a network of 18 sites across the continental USA and Antarctica, serv- ing as a resource for nearly 1400 scientists and students glttp://LTERnet.edu). This networking of scientists and sites is an important objective for the program. The need for collaborations among the numer- ous scientists and high-quality programs that are involved in understanding the various areas of our globe is an even stronger argument for the development of a worldwide network of LTER sites and programs. As a result of an international meeting in 1993 an International LTER (ILTER) Network was formed with a mis- sion to facilitate international cooperation among scientists engaged in long-term ecological research. The main objectives are to: . promote and enhance understanding of long-term ecological phenomena across national and regional boundaries
The role of right and left ventricular function in the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUNDRight ventricular function may be an important determinant of exercise capacity, peak oxygen consumption (VO2), and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2 relation) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied the role of right ventricular function in CHF and also investigated the effects of absent right ventricular reserve in patients previously operated on with Fontan's procedure by measuring metabolic gas exchange during exercise in five groups of patients: (1) 10 patients who had previously undergone Fontan's procedure for congenital heart disease in whom the right ventricle is not functional; (2) 11 age-matched control subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); (3) 15 age-matched normal subjects; (4) 42 patients with CHF; and (5) 16 age-matched control subjects. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF and RVEF) were measured by radionuclide ventriculography in group 4. In the young subjects, the VE/VCO2 slope was lower in th...
Reduction in residual COD in biologically treated paper mill effluents by means of combined ozone and ozone/UV reactor stages

Lab-scale tests have been conducted on the reduction of residual COD in biologically purified effluents from mills with integrated waste paper treatment plants and/or TMP lines. For this purpose, waste water samples were subjected to ozonization or a combined ozone/UV treatment at varied temperatures and pHs. The influence of ozone on the biodegradability of biologically part-treated effluents was studied by means of the Zahn-Wellens test. For specific ozone consumption rates 9 or at elevated temperatures (40°C). For colour stripping of the waste waters and for destroying the surfactants contained in them, ozone additions of up to 80 mg O3/l waste water were required. The bioavailability of effluents that have been part-treated biologically in trickling filters or anaerobic stages to COD > 500 mg/l and BOD5/COD > 0.2 cannot be positively influenced by ozonization with up to 1.8 g O3/l waste water. On the other hand, in fully biologically treated effluents (COD < 500 mg/l), ozonization brought about a rise in the BOD5/COD ratio from an initial < 0.05 to a maximum of 0.37 - an observation which clearly demonstrates an increase in bio-degradability.
Palestine in Soviet documentary cinema

(1982). Palestine in Soviet documentary cinema. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 165-171.
Management of metastatic lesions of the humerus.

The management of patients with metastatic disease of the humerus is a complex and challenging problem. Patients present with varying degrees of bone destruction and medical debilitation. The pattern of metastatic disease spread, with frequent involvement of the lower extremity, especially the proximal femur, often places increased functional demands on the upper extremity for mobility. Optimal treatment requires coordination between the orthopedic surgeon, pathologist, medical oncologist, and radiation oncologist along with close communication with the patient and patient's family to develop a course of treatment that results in pain relief and improved function.
Evidence that Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea are More Abundant than Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Semiarid Soils of Northern Arizona, USA

Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing communities, which are responsible for the rate-limiting step of nitrification in most soils, have not been studied extensively in semiarid ecosystems. Abundances of soil archaeal and bacterial amoA were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona. Archaeal amoA was the predominant form of amoA at all sites; however, ratios of archaeal to bacterial amoA ranged from 17 to more than 1,600. Although size of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations was correlated with precipitation, temperature, percent sand, and soil C/N, there were no significant relationships between ammonia-oxidizing archaea populations and any of the environmental parameters evaluated in this study. Our results suggest that in these soils, archaea may be the primary ammonia oxidizers, and that ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria occupy different niches.
A rapid method for preparation of calf spleen exonuclease

Chromatography on Concanavalin A sepharose is a simple procedure for partial purification of spleen phosphodiesterase. This procedure removes much, but not all, of the ribonuclease activity found as contaminant in most spleen phosphdisterase preparations.
Tell Me Something I Don't Know Decision Makers' Preference for Advisors With Unshared Information

This article examined strategic requests for information in a group structured as a judge advisor system (JAS) with one group member designated as the decision maker and the other two members as advisors. The decision maker could solicit advice from the two advisors. One advisor's advice contained only information shared in common with the decision maker, and the other's advice contained half unshared information. The authors proposed an alternative to research on information sampling and mutual enhancement and predicted that the decision maker would prefer information from the advisor with more unshared information. The decision maker solicited more information from the advisor with more unshared information and rated this advisor's information as more important and influential than the advisor with only shared information.
Noise of homes

Today's homes have many products providing comfort, convenience and entertainment. These products also produce noise. Sound ratings for home air conditioning equipment are detailed.
Treatment of Hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau Disease with Linear Accelerator-based Radiosurgery

OBJECTIVE: Stereotactic radiosurgery is increasingly being used to treat hemangioblastomas, particularly those that are in surgically inaccessible locations or that are multiple, as is common in von Hippel-Lindau disease. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of radiosurgery in the treatment of hemangioblastomas. METHODS: From 1989 to 1996, 29 hemangioblastomas in 13 patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease were treated with linear accelerator-based radiosurgery. The mean patient age was 40 years (range, 31-57 yr). The radiation dose to the tumor periphery averaged 23.2 Gy (range, 18-40 Gy). The mean tumor volume was 1.6 cm 3 (range, 0.07-65.4 cm 3 ). Tumor response was evaluated in serial, contrast-enhanced, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans. The mean follow-up period was 43 months (range, 11-84 mo). RESULTS: Only one (3%) of the treated hemangioblastomas progressed. Five tumors (17%) disappeared, 16 (55%) regressed, and 7 (24%) remained unchanged in size. Five of nine patients with symptoms referable to treated hemangioblastomas experienced symptomatic improvement. During the follow-up period, one patient died as a result of progression of untreated hemangioblastomas in the cervical spine. Three patients developed radiation necrosis, two of whom were symptomatic. CONCLUSION: Although follow-up monitoring is limited, stereotactic radiosurgery provides a high likelihood of local control of hemangioblastomas and is an attractive alternative to multiple surgical procedures for patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease.