cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bending the rules: a novel approach to placement and retrospective experience with the 5 French Arndt endobronchial blocker in children <2 years.

Summary Background One-lung ventilation (OLV) is frequently employed to improve surgical exposure during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy in adults and children. Because of their small size, children under the age of 2 years are not candidates for some of the methods typically used for OLV in adults and older children, such as a double-lumen endotracheal (DLT) tube or intraluminal use of a bronchial blocker. Due to this, the clinician is left with few options. One of the most robust approaches to OLV in infants and small children has been the extraluminal placement of a 5 French (5F) Arndt endobronchial blocker (AEB). Aim The aim of this retrospective study was to examine and describe our experience with placement and management of an extraluminal 5F AEB for thoracic surgery in children <2 years of age. Methods We retrospectively examined the anesthetic records for details of AEB placement, arterial blood gas (ABG) data, and intraoperative analgesic prescription in 15 children under the age of 2 years undergoing OLV with a 5F AEB for thoracic surgery at our institution from January 2010 through January 2016. Results We were able to successfully achieve lung isolation in 14 of 15 patients using a 5F AEB that was bent 35–45° 1.5 cm proximal to the inflatable cuff. In 13 of 15 patients, we were able to place the AEB into final position with the aid of video-assisted fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In two patients, fluoroscopy was required to place the 5F AEB into the left mainstem due to poor visualization of the carina and rapid desaturation during bronchoscopy. In one of these patients, even though the blocker appeared to be correctly placed by fluoroscopy, adequate lung isolation was not observed. Intraoperatively, we observed significant degrees of hypercarbia in most patients without oxygen desaturation. Analgesic regimens lacked consistency and varied among patients. Open thoracotomy procedures tended to receive more aggressive narcotic regimens than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedures. Fourteen of 15 patients were extubated in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusions Our technique of placing a 35–45° bend in the AEB, extraluminal placement, and observed manipulation with a video-assisted flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB) within the trachea can be used to achieve consistent lung isolation in patients <2 undergoing thoracic surgery. When the use of a FFB proves unsuccessful, fluoroscopy can provide an alternative solution to successful placement. Significant respiratory derangements without long-term sequelae will occur in a majority of these patients during OLV. Several different approaches to intraoperative analgesia did not impede extubation in the early postoperative period.
Higher-Order Accurate Solution for Flow Past a Circular Cylinder at Re = 13,400

Baseline results for flow past a circular cylinder are obtained at Re = 13,400 as a first step towards implementation of flow control for preventing or delaying flow separation. Implementation of flow separation control for low-pressure turbine cascade is the ultimate goal of this study. The complexity of the problem is reduced by initially studying flow separation control on a simplified geometry. The cylinder flow configuration serves to approximate the flow conditions of a low–pressure turbine (LPT) cascade. A fourth-order compact difference scheme with sixth-order filtering is employed to obtain an accurate prediction of unsteady separated flows governed by the Navier-Stokes (N-S) Equations. A multi-block structured grid is used for the present numerical study, and a MPI-based higher-order, Chimera version of the FDL3DI flow solver developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force base is used for the numerical computations. As a validation study, the cylinder flow for Re = 3,900 is simulated and the results obtained are compared with the numerical and experimental data available in the literature. The wake of the cylinder flow at Re = 13,400 displays presence of a wide range of vortical structures. The separating shear layers are subject to spanwise instability which leads to the formation of an unsteady and three-dimensional wake, with the characteristic features of typical turbulent flow.
Long-term trends in California mobile source emissions and ambient concentrations of black carbon and organic aerosol.

A fuel-based approach is used to assess long-term trends (1970–2010) in mobile source emissions of black carbon (BC) and organic aerosol (OA, including both primary emissions and secondary formation). The main focus of this analysis is the Los Angeles Basin, where a long record of measurements is available to infer trends in ambient concentrations of BC and organic carbon (OC), with OC used here as a proxy for OA. Mobile source emissions and ambient concentrations have decreased similarly, reflecting the importance of on- and off-road engines as sources of BC and OA in urban areas. In 1970, the on-road sector accounted for ∼90% of total mobile source emissions of BC and OA (primary + secondary). Over time, as on-road engine emissions have been controlled, the relative importance of off-road sources has grown. By 2010, off-road engines were estimated to account for 37 ± 20% and 45 ± 16% of total mobile source contributions to BC and OA, respectively, in the Los Angeles area. This study highlights both the ...
Applying Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions in Pressure-Based Solvers

The characteristic type non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is implemented at inflow and outflow boundaries in a pressure based solver on unstructured meshes. The NRBC eliminates artificial reflection from the boundaries of the numerical domain and allows for physically correct behavior of waves propagating out of the domain. The numerical implementation of NRBC is based on the characteristics theory of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. The relaxation term included into the incoming wave equations is written in terms of the wave amplitudes to be uniformly applicable at the flow inlets and outlets. The method is applied in transient and steady state formulations. Comparison of numerical results with known analytical solutions for wave propagation in plane, cylindrical and spherical coordinates confirms non-reflecting behavior of this boundary condition formulation.
Structural Manipulation of Hydrogen-Bonding Networks in Amide-Containing Alkanethiolate Monolayers via Electrochemical Processing

We report the electrochemically driven phase transformation of amide-containing alkanethiol, 3-mercapto-N-nonylpropionamide (1ATC9) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) into a linear nanostructure. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between buried amide groups cause multistep electrochemical desorption and enable an unusual phase change, affording a less dense, textured structure. Single-component 1ATC9 SAMs prepared in solution at room temperature for 24 h consist of two phases with different apparent heights in scanning tunneling microscope images; these phases are readily manipulated by controlling solution temperature and deposition time. Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions give high thermal stability to the films. The presence of two independent cathodic peaks in 1ATC9 monolayer voltammograms indicates two-step reductive desorption. A monolayer phase transition occurs after the first cathodic peak, transforming a close-packed monolayer into a striped phase that is energetically favored at low surface...
A nickel phosphine complex as a fast and efficient hydrogen production catalyst.

Here we report the electrocatalytic reduction of protons to hydrogen by a novel S2P2 coordinated nickel complex, [Ni(bdt)(dppf)] (bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate, dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene). The catalysis is fast and efficient with a turnover frequency of 1240 s–1 and an overpotential of only 265 mV for half activity at low acid concentrations. Furthermore, catalysis is possible using a weak acid, and the complex is stable for at least 4 h in acidic solution. Calculations of the system carried out at the density functional level of theory (DFT) are consistent with a mechanism for catalysis in which both protonations take place at the nickel center.
Molecular sorting in polarized and non-polarized cells: common problems, common solutions

We have been interested in determining how epithelial cells generate and maintain their characteristically polarized distributions of membrane proteins. Our efforts to date strongly indicate that the polarized transport in MDCK cells may be due to a set of discrete targeting determinants often found on a membrane protein's cytoplasmic domain. Surprisingly, these determinants are widely distributed and are not specific to proteins expressed in polarized cells. They also appear to function in controlling polarized transport along both the biosynthetic and the endocytic (or transcytotic) pathways. Signals for basolateral transport have been characterized and, like the cytoplasmic domain signal used by plasma membrane receptors for accumulation at clathrin-coated pits, they often involve a critical tyrosine residue. Although the basolateral and coated pit signals may also be co-linear, they are not identical. The basolateral and apical transport determinants are also hierarchically arranged. Although a single protein may contain one or more signals specifying basolateral transport, inactivation of these signals appears to reveal a determinant that directs efficient apical transport. Given that the sequence determinants responsible for polarized transport are not restricted to epithelial cells and are related to determinants commonly utilized in all cells, it is possible that non-polarized cells contain cognate apical and basolateral pathways that are responsible for 'constitutive' transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. The presence of two cognate pathways might confer a high degree of plasticity to pre-differentiated cells, allowing them rapidly to begin assuming a polarized phenotype in response to extracellular stimuli without requiring the synthesis of epithelial cell-specific transport machinery.
Cervical Spine Bone Mineral Density as a Function of Vertebral Level and Anatomic Location

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans have been used to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, which in turn have been shown to correlate with bone mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness and yield load1,2. Information on the variation of BMD in the cervical spine with respect to anatomic location and vertebral level does not currently exist. This would be beneficial to vertebral instrumentation designers and to basic scientists who assign mechanical properties of bones in finite element models of the spine. Previously, bone mineral density measurements of the cervical spine have been performed almost exclusively on the central vertebral body, either by measuring trabecular BMD in a single CT slice 1, 3, 4 or by measuring a large volume of trabecular bone in multiple CT scan slices 5,6. In addition to the central vertebral body, the only other BMD measurements of specific anatomical regions were performed on the endplates 2, 3.© 2011 ASME
Tris[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate cross-linked low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine as gene delivery carriers in cell culture and dystrophic mdx mice.

Hyperbranched poly(ester amine)s (PEAs) were successfully synthesized by Michael addition reaction between tris[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate (TAEI) and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (L...
Improvement of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f.sp.echinochloae by UV and Its Evaluation of Mycroherbicidal Activity

Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f.sp.echinochloae (HGE) was mutated by UV to improve its biological control ability against Echinochloa species. And one mutant M1 was screened suitable for industrial liquid fermentation. Some biological change happened in M1 compared to HGE, such as the M1 mycelia was gray to white while that of HGE was dark green, M1 grew faster and the culture broth of M1 had stronger ability inhibiting the growth of root and shoot of barnyardgrass (E.crusgalli (L.) Beauv) than HGE. Filial generations (from first to seventh) of M1 showed genetic stability by pass-generation tests. RAPD-PCR analysis on the genome of the M1 and HGE suggested that genetic change took place during mutation. The optimum conditions for fermentation of M1 were determined as following, the medium of potato 200 gL,glucose 30 gL, bran 20 gL, yeast extracts 1 gL,KH2PO4 2 gL, MgSO4·7H2O 1 gL at pH 7, 150 rmin and 24 ℃ for 6 days had the highest yield of mycelia by 14.37 gL, and liquid medium of sugar 30 gL,(NH4)2C4H4O6 5 gL ,NH4NO3 1 gL, yeast extracts 1 gL, KH2PO4 1 gL,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 gL,NaCl 0.1 gL,CaCl2 0.1 gL,casein 0.5 gL at pH 7.25 and 24 ℃ for 2 weeks had the highest toxin yield.
Failed Endopyelotomy: Implications for Future Surgery on the Ureteropelvic Junction

AbstractDuring the last 8 years we performed 212 endopyelotomies with an overall success rate of 86%. To determine if the failed endopyelotomies resulted in a more difficult subsequent open corrective procedure, we compared the procedures and outcomes of 15 failed endopyelotomies with 16 control patients undergoing pyeloplasty who had not undergone a previous endopyelotomy. The variables of duration of the surgical procedure, average estimated blood loss, average number of transfusions and average length of hospitalization were analyzed for both groups. No statistically significant differences were detected for any of these variables. We conclude that despite a previously failed endopyelotomy, a subsequent open operation on the ureteropelvic junction, although slightly more difficult, was not associated with an increased morbidity rate nor less successful than de novo pyeloplasty. Therefore, we continue to advocate endopyelotomy as the procedure of choice for obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction.
NUCLEAR CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY CHAIN EXPRESSION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

The majority of gene products for mitochondrial respiratory function are encoded in the nuclear genome. These include most of the respiratory subunits and all of the proteins that regulate the mitochondrial genetic system. One approach to understanding nucleo-mitochondrial interactions in mammalian cells is to identify the nuclear transcription factors that are common to the expression of these gene products. This has led to the purification and molecular cloning of nuclear respiratory factors, NRF-1 and NRF-2. The DNA binding and transcriptional specificities of these proteins have implicated them in the expression of many respiratory subunits along with key components of the mitochondrial transcription, replication, and heme biosynthetic machinery. In addition, tissue-specific transcription factors have been linked to the coordinate synthesis of contractile proteins and muscle-specific respiratory subunits whereas other more ubiquitous factors may have a dual function in nuclear and mitochondrial gene activation. These findings provide a framework for further investigations of the nuclear genetic mechanisms that integrate the expression of the respiratory apparatus with that of other cellular systems during growth and development.
Reactive Satellite Range Scheduling

In practical scenarios of Satellite Range Scheduling, an alternative approach to that of the previous chapter in dealing with dynamic or uncertain parameters is developed. Rather than assuming that parameter change statistics are known a priori (as in the robust scheduling problem), in the dynamic problem it is assumed there is no a priori knowledge of parameter changes, and reactive approaches are considered, where the schedule needs to be recomputed every time these parameters change. The authors present an algorithm which introduces a preprocessing stage performed while the parameters remain unchanged, which allows to minimize the time of recomputation of the optimal schedule for the case where only one pass changes at a time. The authors also provide a generalization of this algorithm for reducing the recomputation time in more complex cases. (This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).)
Comparative evaluation of 4 and 6-carbon spacer conformationally flexible tetrahydroisoquinolinyl benzamide analogues for imaging the sigma-2 receptor status of solid tumors.

Abstract Introduction Nine novel analogues were synthesized including a 6-carbon spacer analogue of ISO-1 ( 7 ). They have moderate binding affinity for sigma-2 ( σ 2 ) receptors and high selectivity for σ 2 receptors relative to sigma-1 ( σ 1 ) receptors. Methods ([ 18 F] 7 ) was synthesized and evaluated as a candidate ligand for positron emission (PET) imaging of the σ 2 receptor in tumors. Radioligand [ 18 F] 7 was radiolabeled with 18 F via displacement of the corresponding mesylate precursor with [ 18 F]fluoride. Cellular uptake study of [ 18 F] 7 was performed in EMT-6 tumor cell, and in vivo biodistribution study of [ 18 F] 7 and microPET imaging study of [ 18 F] 3 and [ 18 F] 7 carried out in female Balb/c mice bearing EMT-6 tumors. Results [ 18 F] 7 had a respectable tumor uptake (1.55%ID/g at 60 min post-injection) and high tumor/muscle ratios at 60 and 120 min post-injection. MicroPET imaging of [ 18 F] 7 in tumor-bearing mice as above showed significant tumor localization and a high tumor/muscle ratio as well. Conclusions These results are similar to or better than [ 18 F]ISO-1 ([ 18 F] 3 ), which indicates that [ 18 F] 7 has potential for imaging the σ 2 receptor status of solid tumors.
Learning Traffic Patterns at Small Airports From Flight Tracks

The majority of reported near-midair collisions that involve a general aviation aircraft occur in the vicinity of nontowered airports. A prior work has investigated the feasibility of creating an automated air traffic control system for these nontowered airports using solutions to a partially observable Markov decision process. Validating such system will require an accurate model of aircraft behavior in the traffic pattern. This paper evaluates the different approaches for deriving traffic pattern models from recorded radar data. The first approach is based on prior trajectory clustering work, where turning points in trajectories are identified and clustered. This method performs well on simulated data, but due to its reliance on noisy heading rates, it has difficulty with real-world data. The second approach uses Bayesian inference techniques to learn the parameters of the traffic pattern model, where a hidden semi-Markov model with a hierarchical Dirichlet process as a prior is investigated. Inference in this model is made computationally tractable using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The turning point and Bayesian models are compared with each other using different $f$ - divergence measures, and the latter is found to better represent the observed data.
Environmental vs. Genetic Factors in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

Specific patterns of atherosclerotic lesions in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease have emerged from analysis of arteriograms in approximately 7500 patients in three large-scale multicentered clinical trials, for which I have had the privilege of being the coordinator. In each of these trials aortocranial arteriography was a requisite for entry. The first of these was the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion, which included 23 institutions in the United States and the Institute of Neurology in Montevideo, Uruguay. The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of reconstructive arterial surgery in the prevention of stroke. It soon became apparent that among whites in North America the predominant lesion was atherosclerotic stenosis situated at the extracranial bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Lesions at this location were deemed appropriate and readily accessible for carotid endarterectomy. Among persons of similar European background, living in Uruguay, Argentina, and Southern Brazil, cerebral ischemic symptoms occurred in approximately 35% as a consequence of dilatation, elongation, and kinking of the extracranial arteries. Kinking was considered an indication for reconstructive arterial surgery. Among North American blacks admitted to the Joint Study, it was noted that the offending lesions were more often found in the carotid siphon, at the origin of the middle cerebral artery, or at both locations. Lesions of this nature are virtually unknown among West Africans of the same ethnic origin.
Taking Your Talents to Business Communications: Analyzing Effective Communication Through LeBron James's Career Moves

We describe an in-class activity that helps students improve their skills in media selection and use to reinforce effective communication. The activity builds on media richness and channel expansion theories through an examination of the media selection and use of NBA athlete LeBron James and Cleveland Cavaliers majority owner Dan Gilbert during James’s career moves. We utilize three minicase studies highlighting James’s and Gilbert’s videos and open letters. We provide guidelines for preparing and implementing the activity and present students’ reactions through their in-class participation and quantitative survey responses. Student evaluations, collected from both a required undergraduate course and a graduate elective course, indicate that students found this activity engaging and effective in achieving the learning objectives. In addition to business communication courses, this in-class activity may be used in other courses including organizational behavior, introduction to business and management, le...
Ge-on-Si integrated photonics: New tricks from an old semiconductor

We review recent progress in Ge active photonic devices for electronic-photonic integration on Si, demonstrating new tricks in optoelectronics from this “old” semiconductor material used for the first transistor more than 60 years ago.
Story-based Lessons for Students with Severe Intellectual Disability: Implications for Research-To-Practice

All educators must use evidence-based practices to teach literacy to their students, including those who teach students with a severe disability. This may be a challenge, specifically for teachers who serve students with intensive communication needs and hearing loss. This exploratory study investigated the use of research in both severe disability and hearing loss to support two middle-school students, with a severe intellectual disability, in participating in literacy lessons aligned to grade level novels. The study used an abbreviated alternating treatment design to compare the effects of a story-based task analysis, with (SBL+) and without (SBL) embedded support for students with hearing loss, on student participation and comprehension of grade-aligned text. Results indicated increased student participation and correct responses from baseline to intervention for both the SBL+ and SBL interventions. Results were mixed regarding one treatment providing better student outcomes. Additionally, results indicated that while the teacher was able to implement the steps of the task-analysis during literacy instruction, low fidelity on prompting system and feedback during each step of the task-analysis may hinder students’ opportunities to demonstrate mastery of new content. Implications for practice, with emphasis on the use of evidence-based practice and future research are discussed.
Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell Can Be Used To Propagate Genetically Modified CD19-Specific T Cells through Chimeric Antigen Receptor.

The safety and feasibility of adoptive immunotherapy, using CD19-specific T cells that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and numerically expanded ex vivo, need to be addressed. Second-generation trials are being developed incorporating improvements into the design of the CAR as well as the manufacturing processes. Here we describe a platform for propagating CD19-specific T cells through an artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC) which co-expresses CD19 and T-cell co-stimulatory molecules to provide a fully-competent T-cell activation signal leading to T-cell proliferation. K562 cells were selected as the platform for the aAPCs since (i) they have previously been used in compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), (ii) they express the desired endogenous T-cell adhesion molecules, and (iii) they fail to express classical HLA class I/II molecules and thus are not targets for a T-cell mediated allogeneic immune response. Therefore, K562 cells were genetically modified to co-express CD19 and both of the T-cell co-stimulatory molecules 4-1BBL (CD137L) and MICA. We then tested the ability of these K562 aAPCs to expand T cells expressing a new CD19-specific CAR designated CD19RCD28. This CAR utilizes a CD19-specific scFv to bind to CD19 independent of MHC and confers an activation signal to genetically modified T cells through both CD28 and CD3-ζ. The CD19RCD28+ T cells could be rapidly expanded (50-fold in 14 days) when cultured in the presence of recombinant human IL-2 and irradiated K562 aAPCs (1:50 ratio, T cell to aAPC). The use of freshly thawed aAPCs improved the practicality of using this antigen-driven expansion method in compliance with cGMP. The numerical expansion of the genetically modified T cells was associated with an increased CAR cell-surface expression, from 17 ± 11% (mean ± SD) before co-culture compared with 44 ± 8% (mean ± SD) after co-culture with the aAPCs, which is consistent with T-cell activation through the CAR. A 3H-thymidine incorporation assay was used to demonstrate that CD19 on the K562 aAPC was necessary, but not sufficient, to proliferate CD19RCD28+ T cells. Furthermore, this proliferation assay demonstrated that co-expression of both 4-1BBL (CD137L) and MICA along with CD19 resulted in the most efficient proliferation of the genetically modified T cells. The propagation of CAR+ T cells on antigen+ aAPCs may thus (i) avoid the need for allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear feeder cells, which are expensive and time-consuming to prepare in compliance with cGMP, (ii) select in vitro for genetically modified T cells with proven CAR-dependent replicative capacity, and (iii) provide conditions for the outgrowth of subpopulations of T cells within a bulk culture that have increased transgene expression. The feasibility of this new T-cell propagation method using aAPC will be tested in the upcoming clinical trials.
The Lattice of Definable Equivalence Relations in Homogeneous $n$-Dimensional Permutation Structures

In Homogeneous permutations , Peter Cameron [Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 2002] classified the homogeneous permutations (homogeneous structures with 2 linear orders), and posed the problem of classifying the homogeneous $n$-dimensional permutation structures (homogeneous structures with $n$ linear orders) for all finite $n$. We prove here that the lattice of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations in such a structure can be any finite distributive lattice, providing many new imprimitive examples of homogeneous finite dimensional permutation structures. We conjecture that the distributivity of the lattice of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations is necessary, and prove this under the assumption that the reduct of the structure to the language of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations is homogeneous. Finally, we conjecture a classification of the primitive examples, and confirm this in the special case where all minimal forbidden structures have order 2.
Provider-patient communication about Zika during prenatal visits.

Abstract Zika virus transmission within and between the Americas is of global concern. This study assessed knowledge about the Zika virus among pregnant women in the United States, their travel plans to endemic areas, and whether their health care providers discussed Zika with them. This cross-sectional study used data from 492 pregnant women (18–50 years) from an online survey conducted from April 8 to July 27, 2016. Pregnant women were recruited online through Facebook, Twitter, Craigslist, and Reddit. Almost all (97.8%) participants had heard of the Zika virus, of which 71% first learned about it from the internet. Over one third of these pregnant women reported that their health providers discussed transmission of the Zika virus with them. Most respondents reported that their providers had discussed risks related to travelling to areas with Zika outbreaks. Half of the survey respondents reported that their providers gave them information about avoiding mosquito bites. Pregnant women were not concerned about Zika affecting their own health, but 34% were very or extremely concerned about it affecting their babies' health. Almost no pregnant women currently had travel plans to areas with ongoing Zika transmissions, and of the 14% who previously had plans, most (85%) cancelled their travel due to concerns about Zika. Overall, pregnant women in our sample were highly knowledgeable about Zika virus. Over one third of women received suggestions regarding prevention of Zika from their healthcare providers.
A system map for the ionic liquid stationary phase 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide trifluoromethanesulfonate for gas chromatography

Abstract The solvation parameter model is used to prepare a system map for the retention of volatile organic compounds on the ionic liquid stationary phase 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide trifluoromethanesulfonate (SLB-IL61) over the temperature range 80–260 °C. Retention is governed by dispersion, dipole-type and hydrogen-bonding interactions each with its own temperature dependence. The exchange of a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion in SLB-IL60 for a trifluromethanesulfonate anion (SLB-IL61) results in a change in selectivity indicated by an increase in the hydrogen-bond basicity and a decrease in hydrogen-bond acidity of the stationary phase without change in either the cohesion or dipolarity/polarizability of the stationary phases. At high temperatures there are small differences in electron lone pair interactions but these are relatively unimportant in terms of selectivity differences. Since the disclosed chemical structures for SLB-IL60 and SLB-IL61 does not contain obvious hydrogen-bond acid functional groups the modest hydrogen-bond acidity of these stationary phases was unexpected but does not appear to be obviously connected to adsorption sites at the column wall. The polarity number is shown to be a poor indicator of column retention properties for SLB-IL61. Principal component analysis with the system constants as variables indicates that the retention properties of SLB-IL61 are not duplicated by any of the common poly(siloxane) and poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase chemistries in current use for column preparation. The SLB-IL61 column is closest in separation properties to poly(cyanopropylphenyldimethylsiloxane) and poly(cyanopropylmethyldimethysiloxane) stationary phases with a high percentage of cyanopropyl-containing monomer but the two stationary phase types are not selectivity equivalent.
Impact of operating conditions on the acetylene contamination in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Realistically, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are operated under varying operating conditions that potentially impact the acetylene contamination reactions. In this paper, the effects of the cell operating conditions on the acetylene contamination in PEMFCs are investigated under different current densities and temperatures with different acetylene concentrations in the cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is applied during the constant-current operation to analyze the impacts of the operating conditions on the acetylene electrochemical reactions. The experimental results indicate that higher acetylene concentrations, higher current densities and lower cell temperatures decrease the cell performance more. In particular, cathode poisoning becomes more severe at medium cell current densities. The cell cathode potentials at such current densities are not sufficient to completely oxidize the intermediate or sufficiently low to completely reduce the adsorbed acetylene. Based on these investigations, the possible condition-dependent limitations of the acetylene concentration and cell operating voltage are proposed for insight into the acetylene contamination mitigation stratagem. Regarding the barrier conditions, the acetylene reactions change abruptly, and adjusting the cell operation parameters to change the acetylene adsorbate and intermediate accumulation conditions to induce complete oxidation or reduction conditions may mitigate the severe acetylene contamination effects on PEMFCs.
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Modulation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Lateral/Basolateral Amygdala is Duration-, Input-, and Sex-Dependent

Abstract The basolateral amygdala (BLA) controls numerous behaviors, like anxiety and reward seeking, via the activity of glutamatergic principal neurons. These BLA neurons receive excitatory inputs primarily via two major anatomical pathways – the external capsule (EC), which contains afferents from lateral cortical structures, and the stria terminalis (ST), containing synapses from more midline brain structures. Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure/withdrawal produces distinct alterations in these pathways. Specifically, 10 days of CIE (via vapor inhalation) increases presynaptic function at ST synapses and postsynaptic function at EC synapses. Given that 10-day CIE/withdrawal also increases anxiety-like behavior, we sought to examine the development of these alterations at these inputs using an exposure time-course in both male and female rats. Specifically, using 3, 7, and 10 days CIE exposure, we found that all three durations increase anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. At BLA synapses, increased presynaptic function at ST inputs required shorter exposure durations relative to post-synaptic alterations at EC inputs in both sexes. But, synaptic alterations in females required longer ethanol exposures compared to males. These data suggest that presynaptic alteration at ST-BLA afferents is an early neuroadaptation during repeated ethanol exposures. And, the similar patterns of presynaptic-then-postsynaptic facilitation across the sexes suggest the former may be required for the latter. These cooperative interactions may contribute to the increased anxiety-like behavior that is observed following CIE-induced withdrawal and may provide novel therapeutic targets to reverse withdrawal-induced anxiety.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia during Obstetric Hospital Admissions.

Introduction The rate of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) on a population basis is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the risk for HIT during antepartum, delivery, and postpartum hospitalizations in the United States. Materials and Methods A large administrative database was used to determine the risk of HIT in hospitalized obstetric patients who received unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Patients were presumed to have HIT if they were exposed to UFH or LMWH, received a diagnosis of HIT, and were administered a medication for the treatment of HIT including bivalirudin, argatroban, fondaparinux, or lepirudin. We queried severe complications of HIT including arterial thrombosis, limb amputation, heart failure, and death. Results We identified 66,468 antepartum hospitalizations, 66,741 delivery hospitalizations, and 16,325 postpartum readmissions where women received pharmacologic prophylaxis. Of these, 10 antepartum admissions, 1 delivery admission, and 14 postpartum readmissions involved a diagnosis of HIT with treatment of bivalirudin, argatroban, fondaparinux, or lepirudin. There were no deaths and no diagnoses of arterial thrombosis, limb amputation, heart failure, and death. Conclusion Risk for HIT among hospitalized obstetric patients is low. In this cohort, no cases of death or severe complications were noted in relation to the diagnosis.
Abstract ES2-2: Clinical management of women with increased breast cancer risk based on histologic lesions

The objective of this lecture is to review clinical management of women with the following histologic lesions associated with increased breast cancer risk: flat epithelial atypia (FEA), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Women found to have one or more of these histologic findings in a benign breast biopsy have an increased risk of developing a future breast cancer. Published data will be reviewed that provides estimates of annual and longterm risk associated with these lesions. In addition, management of these lesions after core biopsy will be discussed, specifically the circumstances when surgical excision is recommended. Medical and surgical options for breast cancer risk reduction will be reviewed, as well as their appropriate clinical indications. Citation Format: Degnim AC. Clinical management of women with increased breast cancer risk based on histologic lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES2-2.
Comparisons with Systems of Interest

This chapter presents a comparison of a number of operating systems with Alpha. It explores systems such as Hydra, StarOS, Cronus, Eden, Argus, Accent, and Locus. A number of general observations can be made concerning this set of systems. None is concerned with real-time control, and none is physically decentralized and logically centralized. All of these systems provide some form of location-transparent communication based on globally unique logical identifiers. The Cronus, Accent, and Locus systems involve low-level communications work, that is, they do not use standard communication protocols or facilities. Hydra was a capability-based, object-oriented operating system kernel that was constructed on the C.mmp multiprocessor. StarOS was one of two operating systems built on the CM * multiprocessor, the other being Medusa. StarOS is an object-oriented, capability-based operating system that was significantly influenced by Hydra. Cronus is an object-oriented constituent operating system, running on a heterogeneous collection of machines connected by one or more internetworked local area networks. The Eden system was constructed at the University of Washington by Guy Almes, et al ., from 1980 to 1985. Argus is a language for the construction of distributed programs, being developed by Barbara Liskov, et al . at MIT since 1979. Accent was designed as the basis for a large scale network of high-performance personal workstations. The Locus system began as an attempt to extend the UNIX file system across multiple machines and ended up becoming a distributed UNIX system.
The Accumulation and Effects of Environmental Contaminants on Snakes: A Review

In any ecological risk assessment, a full complement of the relevant members of the ecosystems being studied should be considered. Reptiles in general, and snakes in particular, are important although often neglected components of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and should be included in any study on environmental contamination. By neglecting reptiles, the risks posed by a particular contaminant cannot be fully assessed. Since all snakes are secondary, tertiary, and top predators, they are susceptible to the bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants. Their unique life histories make their roles in food webs diverse and important, and they are crucial to the proper functioning of many ecological processes. We review and summarize organic and inorganic contaminant and radionuclide/radiation residue and lethal and sublethal effects data for snakes to stress the importance of snakes and encourage their inclusion in ecological risk assessments, to demonstrate the paucity of available contaminant data on snakes and reveal the main information gaps, to encourage further ecotoxicological studies on snakes, and to facilitate the use of existing snake contaminant data in ecological risk assessments. This review is the most comprehensive review currently available on the effects on and accumulation of environmental contaminants in snakes.
Impacts of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Development on Electric Load in California

In order to develop policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on energy consumption, it is imperative to understand and quantify the impacts of climate change and socioeconomic development on residential electric load. This paper develops a feed-forward neural network to model the complex relationships among socioeconomic factors, weather, distributed renewable generation, and electric load at the census block group level. The influence of different explanatory variables on electric load is quantified through the layer-wise relevance propagation method. A case study with 4,000 census block groups in southern California is conducted. The results show that temperature, housing units, and solar PV systems have the highest influence on net electric load. The scenario analysis reveals that net electric load of disadvantaged communities are much more sensitive to rising temperature than the non-disadvantaged ones. Hence, they are much more vulnerable to climate change.
Bullseye: An argument for effectively managing retail stakeholder relationships

Abstract We introduce the idea of a “stakeholder concentration index” to understand how focusing on relationships with a few stakeholders (rather than many) impacts a retailer's annual sales. By estimating a series of equations, we show that the most successful retailers build relationships with many stakeholders. We also show that the most successful retailers have very active stakeholder management strategies, as evidenced by their issuance of many press announcements. Finally, we begin the process of identifying those stakeholders that are most (least) important to achieving high sales. We specifically find that employees have the largest direct impact on retail sales, while investors and the legal and regulatory community have the smallest impacts. Ultimately, this research advances marketing theory and provides retailers with a strategic direction as they deploy resources.
A Readability Analysis of Online Cardiovascular Disease-Related Health Education Materials

Background Online cardiovascular health materials are easily accessible with an Internet connection, but the readability of its content may limit practical use by patients. Objective The goal of our study was to assess the readability of the most commonly searched Internet health education materials for cardiovascular diseases accessed via Google. Methods We selected 20 commonly searched cardiovascular disease terms: aneurysm, angina, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, heart failure, high blood pressure, pericardial disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, stroke, sudden death, valvular heart disease, mini-stroke, lower extremity edema, pulmonary embolism, and exertional dyspnea. Terms were selected on Google and selected up to 10 results in order of presentation in the search results by reviewing a maximum of 15 pages of Google search results specifically providing education toward patients to yield 196 total patient education articles. Key results All readability measures assessing grade level measures found the 196 articles were written at a mean 10.9 (SD = 1.8) grade reading level. Moreover, 99.5% of the articles were written beyond the 5th- to 6th-grade level recommended by the American Medical Association. Conclusions Given the prominent use of online patient education material, we consider readability as a quality metric that should be evaluated prior to online publication of any health education materials. Further study of how to improve the readability of online materials may enhance patient education, engagement, and health outcomes.
Global attractivity in nonlinear difference equations of higher order with a forcing term

Consider the following nonlinear difference equation of order k + 1 with a forcing term (0.1) x n + 1 - a n x n + b n f ( x n - k ) = r n , n = 0 , 1 , ? where {an} is a positive sequence in (0, 1], {bn} is a positive sequence, {rn} is a real sequence, k is a nonnegative integer, and f: (?, ∞) ? (?, ∞) is a continuous function with -∞ ? ? ? 0. We establish a sufficient condition for every solution of Eq. (0.1) to converge to zero as n ? ∞. Several new global attractivity results are obtained for some special cases of Eq. (0.1) which have been studied widely in the literature. Our results can be applied to some difference equations derived from mathematical biology.
In the line-up: deleted genes associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome: are they all suspects?

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a copy number variation (CNV) disorder, occurs in approximately 1:4000 live births due to a heterozygous microdeletion at position 11.2 (proximal) on the q arm of human chromosome 22 (hChr22) (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011). This disorder was known as DiGeorge syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) or conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) based upon diagnostic cardiovascular, pharyngeal, and craniofacial anomalies (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011; Burn et al., J Med Genet 30:822-4, 1993) before this phenotypic spectrum was associated with 22q11.2 CNVs. Subsequently, 22q11.2 deletion emerged as a major genomic lesion associated with vulnerability for several clinically defined behavioral deficits common to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders (Fernandez et al., Principles of Developmental Genetics, 2015; Robin and Shprintzen, J Pediatr 147:90-6, 2005; Schneider et al., Am J Psychiatry 171:627-39, 2014). The mechanistic relationships between heterozygously deleted 22q11.2 genes and 22q11DS phenotypes are still unknown. We assembled a comprehensive “line-up” of the 36 protein coding loci in the 1.5 Mb minimal critical deleted region on hChr22q11.2, plus 20 protein coding loci in the distal 1.5 Mb that defines the 3 Mb typical 22q11DS deletion. We categorized candidates based upon apparent primary cell biological functions. We analyzed 41 of these genes that encode known proteins to determine whether haploinsufficiency of any single 22q11.2 gene—a one gene to one phenotype correspondence due to heterozygous deletion restricted to that locus—versus complex multigenic interactions can account for single or multiple 22q11DS phenotypes. Our 22q11.2 functional genomic assessment does not support current theories of single gene haploinsufficiency for one or all 22q11DS phenotypes. Shared molecular functions, convergence on fundamental cell biological processes, and related consequences of individual 22q11.2 genes point to a matrix of multigenic interactions due to diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage. These interactions target fundamental cellular mechanisms essential for development, maturation, or homeostasis at subsets of 22q11DS phenotypic sites.
Towards a More Collaborative Experience: Connecting Library and Departmental Faculty to Improve and Expand Archival Instruction

This case study will examine how tenure track faculty archivists in Special Collections at Mississippi State University worked to improve undergraduate primary source instruction through collaborat...