cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modeling of geomagnetic cutoff for the 23–24 November 2001 solar energetic particle event

[1] We investigate numerically the time variations of geomagnetic cutoffs of solar energetic particles. As a test case, the geomagnetic cutoff of 25 MeV protons is modeled for the 23–24 November 2001 solar energetic particle (SEP) event. Following Smart and Shea [2001], solar energetic particle access is determined by computing the reverse particle trajectories. Magnetospheric fields are obtained from the Lyon-Feder-Mobarry (LFM) global MHD model, which is driven by measured solar wind parameters at the sunward boundary. We find well-defined surfaces of constant cutoff that exhibit dynamic behavior in response to solar wind conditions. We show that dynamic modeling of cutoff surfaces may be used as a tool to investigate SEP access to the inner magnetosphere. The numerical results are compared with proton observations from a highly elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite. The results suggest that an enhancement in the solar wind dynamic pressure plays a role in the observed ion injection.
Failure analysis of clinical electrodes: degradation of the ionophore, TDDA

Abstract To map the ischemic regions of a heart, cardiologists must ligate a blood vessel and measure changes in the various ion concentrations over time. The plunge wire electrodes that are used are subject to failure from a multitude of causes, one of which may involve the degradation of the pH-selective ionophore, tri- n -dodecylamine (TDDA). In this work, the stabilities of four commercial products were studied by TGA in 100% N 2 , air, and 100% O 2 . No significant difference in thermal stabilities or activation energies were noted. When mixtures of TDDA and four antioxidants were studied, no improvement in the rate of weight loss was noted. When accelerated aging tests were performed and these products were incorporated into membranes, the loss in pH sensitivity was apparent after only 10 min at 200°C in 100% O 2 . From TGA, NMR, and IR analyses, a cleavage mechanism is suggested that involves the formation of dodecane and a secondary amide, didodecylamide.
A Papr Reduction Technique using Expurgated Cyclic Codes for COFDM

High peak-to-average power ratio has been major issue in the implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems in low cost application devices. In this paper, we propose an peak-to-average-ratio reduction technique which uses channel coding especially expurgated codes. This method combines the error correction capability of the channel encoder and it achieves PAPR reduction in the OFDM system. Our technique is easily implemented in terms of encoding as well as decoding. We shall discuss the trade-offs involved in our method.
Factors Associated with Textile Pattern Dermatitis Caused by Contact Allergy to Dyes, Finishes, Foams, and Preservatives

From as early as 1869, textile dyes and subsequently finishes have been reported to cause various manifestations of contact dermatitis, from mild to severe and debilitating. The European Union, through Directive (2002/61/EC) to restrict the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (azo colorants) in textile and leather products, has taken the worldwide lead in restricting some dyes as a result of their carcinogenic nature. Given the recent discovery of the new route to contact dermatitis, it is important to continue to be vigilant for new and unexpected sources of allergens from textile, apparel, and furniture items.
Extended averaging method for power supply systems with multiple switching frequencies

This paper introduces a new extended averaging method for switching power converters. By extending the conventional averaging techniques, this method is capable of modeling power converters with multiple switching frequencies. Using this method, a model for a cascaded dc-dc converter is derived. Comparison between the model and the non-averaged system is performed. Experimental verifications are provided to validate the modeling method.
Race and the development of career interest in accounting

Abstract Data from the AICPA (2009b) show that African–Americans comprise only 1% of CPAs and were only 4% of new hires by CPA firms in academic year 2007–2008. The current study uses social cognitive career theory to examine whether this shortage of diversity may be caused by differences between African–American and Caucasian students in factors that lead to career interest in accounting. Students were surveyed on two key personal variables: self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Results suggest that African–American students are more likely than Caucasian students to perceive accounting as providing outcomes that match their values. However, favorable perceptions may be countered by differences in self-efficacy. African–American students value outcomes provided by accounting, but they may have less confidence, compared to Caucasian students, that they can successfully complete the course of action necessary to enter the profession.
Rules, Context, and Technical Communication

The concept of “rule,” derived from linguistics and anthropology, provides a way of understanding the relationship between context, purpose, and message production and interpretation. “Rules” are shared expectations which structure situations and guide individual action. This paper reviews some of the concepts that have come out of rules theory in communication research and suggests their particular relevance and utility to understanding the problems and situations in technical communication.
Wildlife Value Orientations in China

The wildlife value orientation (WVO) construct has been used to describe deeply held beliefs about how humans should relate to wildlife. As part of a larger effort to test the usefulness of the WVO...
Insulin-like growth factor-I promotes cell proliferation in the absence of modulation of collagen phenotypes and utilizes IRS-1, not PLC-γl, in corneal endothelial cells

Corneal endothelial cells are differentiated cells and are thus incapable of physiologic regeneration. In a search for a growth factor that would promote optimal proliferation of corneal endothelial cells in the absence of other modulating activities, the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on rabbit corneal endothelial cells was studied. In addition, cellular effector molecules responsible for the signal pathway for IGF-I were studied. IGF-I at 50 ng/ml stimulated corneal endothelial cell proliferation after at least 8 h of treatment. IGF-I did not change cell shape of corneal endothelial cells: the cells treated with IGF-I at 50 ng/ml maintained polygonal morphology regardless of the duration of exposure. IGF-I did not alter collagen phenotypes either qualitatively or quantitatively: the treated cells continued to synthesize types IV and VIII collagen, as did the control cells. The steady-state levels of α2(I) collagen RNA and α2(IV) RNA were not altered by IGF-I treatment. Immunohistochemica...
A tight lower bound on the size of visibility graphs

Abstract The visibility graph of a finite set of line segments in the plane connects two endpoints u and v if and only if the straight line connection between u and v does not cross any line segment of the set. This article proves that 5n - 4 is a lower bound on the number of edges in the visibility graph of n nonintersecting line segments in the plane. This bound is tight.
t-Private logic synthesis on FPGAs

A t-private circuit reveals no information about any internal logic node with up to t probes each cycle. In this paper, we propose efficient t-private logic design schemas. Note that these t probes pose a more powerful adversary than a side-channel attack. We develop tail-recursive t-private circuits based on AND-XOR networks. The tail-recursive t-private circuits are especially well-suited for FPGA LUT implementations. We implement simple adders using t-private tail-recursive logic synthesis on FPGA. Compared to the original t-private circuit model, our model reduces area by 50% and delay by 33% for FPGA implementations.
Outcomes of patients who undergo aggressive induction therapy for secondary acute myeloid leukemia

BACKGROUND: Response and survival in 96 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) who received aggressive induction chemotherapy was reviewed. METHODS: The median follow-up of survivors was 2.3 years. A total of 70 (73%) patients achieved a morphologic complete remission (CR) confirmed by absence of leukemic blasts by flow cytometry. RESULTS: For all 96 patients, the median event-free survival (EFS) was 8 months, and overall survival (OS) was 13.6 months (range, 1-119 months). Eight patients died shortly after induction therapy because of disease or side effects, and 13 are currently in continuous first remission. The median disease-free survival (DFS) for all 70 patients who achieved a morphologic CR was 9 months (range, 1-51 months), with a 64% chance of surviving 1 year. Patients with AML after previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy had a higher morphologic remission rate compared with those arising from myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disease (82% vs 62%; P = .027). However, among the patients from the 2 groups who attained a morphologic remission, there was no difference in terms of CR rate (P = .94), DFS, EFS, or OS (P = .55, .83, and .71, respectively). This is a similar DFS to the group of 7 patients who went directly to ablative allogeneic transplant rather than having induction therapy first. In this population of patients who received aggressive chemotherapy, Charlson comorbidity index or a higher number of factors recognized as high risk in leukemia patients did not affect the chance of OS, DFS, and EFS, although having more recognized leukemia risk factors was related to a lower chance of surviving 1 year. However, it is important to note that those with higher comorbidity indexes were underrepresented in this aggressively treated cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the current study demonstrate that many patients with sAML can tolerate aggressive induction therapy and attain remission, but duration of response and the chance of long-term survival remain poor. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Analytic model for transient heat exchanger response

The temperature transient response of a single-phase fluid and a wall in a heat exchanger is investigated for when the other constant temperature fluid is subjected to a step change in temperature or when the single-phase fluid is subjected to a step change in mass flow rate. The dynamic behavior of the heat exchanger is approximated by an integral method assuming that the single-phase fluid temperature distribution can be expressed by a combination of the initial and final temperature distributions and a determined time function. The results are validated by comparison against numerical simulations. Excellent agreement is obtained.
A Comparison of IMPATT Oscillator Power and Frequency Above 100 GHz with Results Derived from Theoretical Models

A comparison is made of experimentally determined IMPATT oscillator frequency and power characteristics in the 90-140-GHz band with values obtained from detailed theoretical models. The results show encouraging agreement and demonstrate the potential of the modeling approach for oscillator design.
Anatomic Site-specific Disparities in Survival Outcomes for Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective To identify the predictors of cancer-specific mortality of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) using a population-based database. Methods Using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry, we performed a time-to-event analysis to determine which clinical parameters were useful in predicting cancer-specific mortality. Results Our cohort consisted of 2515 cases of PSCC diagnosed from 1973 to 2007. The patients were divided into 2 groups: primary tumors of the prepuce (n = 722) and primary tumors of the glans, body, and overlapping lesions of the skin (n = 1793). The median follow-up for the cohort was 39 months (range 1-411). Compared with tumors of the prepuce, tumors of the body (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.60, P = .05) and overlapping tumors of the skin (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.83, P = .01) had a greater risk of cancer-specific mortality, even when controlling for age, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results stage, and tumor grade. Furthermore, the disease-specific 10-year survival rate of those with preputial tumors was 89.4% compared with 78.7% for the other 3 groups combined (P Conclusion Anatomic site-specific disparities for PSCC survival appear to exist. Patients diagnosed with PSCC of the prepuce have greater overall long-term disease-specific survival than patients with primary tumors elsewhere.
Performing Criticism during Cultural War: The Case of Voltaire's L'Écossaise (1760)

By examining various criticisms of Voltaire's comedy L'Ecossaise (1760), I explain how pamphlets and publication strategies altered dramatic performance. Instead of separating non-theatrical writing from dramatic texts, I underline how pamphlets emerged as part of the author's construction of a “theatrical event.” During the cultural battles of the mid-eighteenth century, participants sought to “ready” their public by any discursive means possible. This persuasive activity began before the premiere of plays, which were also attempts to push the spectator into thinking congruently with the author of the work. Drawing on reviews from members of both the philosophe and anti-philosophe camps, I highlight the ambiguity between pamphlet and dramatic text, playwright and polemicist, performance and “set up,” and finally, fiction writer and theatre critic.
Miscible Polymer Blend Dynamics: Double Reptation Predictions of Linear Viscoelasticity in Model Blends of Polyisoprene and Poly(vinyl ethylene)

Predictions of the linear viscoelastic complex shear modulus in model miscible blends of polyisoprene (PI) and poly(vinyl ethylene) (PVE) are compared with literature data. Using ideas of chain connectivity, the effective monomer relaxation times of PI and PVE in the blend were calculated using PI self-composition φPI,s = 0.40 and PVE self-composition φPVE,s = 0.80, determined in our earlier analysis of segmental dynamics in PI/PVE blends. The reptation times of PI and PVE were then determined from their effective monomer relaxation times in the blend, assuming a common tube for both components (thus specifying the blend plateau modulus). The component reptation times and effective terminal dispersion widths from fits to the pure component polymers were input along with the blend plateau modulus to the des Cloizeaux “double reptation” model of polymer dynamics to make predictions of blend linear viscoelasticity with no adjustable parameters. The calculated frequency dependence of the complex modulus of PI...
The avoidance of stimulatory artifacts in cell cycle determinations in vitro.

Abstract Myogenic cultures exhibit a predictable pattern of growth characterized by an initially exponential accumulation of DNA, which declines to a plateau level after fusion. This pattern is related to cell-mediated modifications of the culture medium and can be altered by deviations from the routine feeding schedule. The data demonstrate that fresh medium stimulates DNA accumulation in older cultures while the medium removed from such older, fusing cultures reduces the rate of DNA accumulation in younger cultures and also promotes fusion. Under experimental conditions which require some replacement of medium (e.g., pulse-chase labeling), such effects are potential sources of experimental artifact. Such artifacts can be eliminated, however, by the proper choice of medium. The least perturbation of the cultures occurs when medium withdrawn from sister cultures of the same age is employed.
Randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the mucosal clip assisted method (MCAM) vs the standard pull method (SPM) for the placement of percutaneously placed jejunal enteral tubes

Randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the mucosal clip assisted method (MCAM) vs the standard pull method (SPM) for the placement of percutaneously placed jejunal enteral tubes
Effect of oil on R134a distribution in the microchannel heat exchanger with vertical header

Abstract This paper presents refrigerant R134a and oil (PAG 46) mixture upward flow in the vertical header of microchannel heat exchanger (compared to pure R134a and R410A), and its effect on distribution. The mixture enters into the header through the five tubes in the bottom pass and exits through the five tubes in the top pass representing the flow in the heat pump mode of outdoor heat exchangers in reversible systems. The quality was varied from 0.2 to 0.8 and the mass flow rate from 1.5 to 4.5 kg h−1 per tube. The oil circulation rate (OCR) was varied from 0% to 4.7%. It was found that at low OCR, e.g. 0.5%, the distribution was worse than pure R134a, whereas at high OCR, the distribution was improved and better than pure R134a in some cases. This was due to sufficient oil would create a lot of foams and enlarge the liquid region in the header based on the visualization.
Lipid synthesis by ascites tumor cells.

SummaryEhrlich ascites tumor cells were incubated in ascitic fluid with albumin-palmitate-1-C14 complex and were then washed and incubated for varying time intervals with fresh media. Lipids of both cells and media were extracted, separated chromatographically and counted. Results show a decrease of cell free fatty acid with increases in all lipids, especially triglyceride. The major lipid synthesized is phospholipid, which, however declines after 30 minutes. Only phospholipid is released into the medium to any extent.
Ceramics for Construction

Abstract The objective of this paper is to assess the suitability of ceramics as a construction material. Cost-performance comparison of ceramics and traditional construction materials shows that while ceramics is the more economical alternative in the long run for some special applications such as structures under fatigue loading or subject to severe environmental conditions, it is still too expensive to be widely used. With mass production and advances in processing technologies and toughening techniques, ceramics of further improved performance can be produced at lower cost in the future. It is believed that continued research in ceramics processing and toughening together with innovative ideas concerning the application of ceramics in construction can eventually bring about the widespread use of this high-performance material in the construction industry.
Very converted transitions and particle-core coupling in neutron-deficient odd-mass au isotopes

Levels in185, 187Au have been studied by radioactive decay of isotopically separated185, 187Hg. A number of low-energy very-converted transitions are observed in the decay. It is shown that the enhanced conversion in these cases comes from an E0 component rather than from an anomaly in theM1 conversion process. A systematic pattern of bands interconnected with these very converted transitions is presented as evidence for a new type of particle-core coupling in185, 187Au.
Measurement of reverse triodothyronine in material serum and amniotic fluid and its correlation with fetal lung maturity

Amniotic Fluid reverse T3 (AFrT3) was measured and it was correlated with serum (maternal) rT3 levels as well as with L/S ratio. No significant correlation was found between maternal serum rT3 and L/S ratio. Similarly no correlation was found between AFrT3 and maternal rT3. It is concluded that AFrT3 level is not a good marker for antenatal detection of fetal hypothyroidism.
Relationship between creativity and classroom behavior

A relationship between creativity and misbehavior in the classroom often has been presumed by educators, but actually has had little substantiation. The present study attempts to clarify the dynamics of that relationship by determining the extent to which creativity test scores predict identification of students by teachers and/or peers as misbehavers. Intercorrelations between creativity subtests and peer perception of creative behavior suggest that students high in elaboration and in originality are more likely to be described by peers as exhibiting creative behavior. Results generally failed to support that high creativity scores predict teacher identification of students as behavior problems. However, the sociometric variables of popularity and misbehavior were significantly correlated with high creativity scores. Implications for further study are discussed.
Changes in caprock integrity due to vertical migration of CO2 -enriched brine

Abstract In geologic carbon sequestration, caprock fractures may act as leakage pathways, threatening the long term sealing ability of the formation. A flow-through experiment was performed to investigate fracture evolution of a fractured carbonate caprock during simulated leakage of CO 2 -acidified brine. The initial brine composition represented that of a CO 2 -saturated brine having previously reacted with the injection formation minerals resulting in a starting pH of 4.9. Experimental temperature and pressure conditions were 40 °C and 10 MPa, corresponding to injection at a depth of 1 km. A combination of X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fracture evolution and investigate the mineralogical changes that occurred along the fracture wall. After one week of brine flow, the cross-sectional fracture area increased by an average of 2.7 times that of the initial fracture. The fracture surface was not eroded uniformly, with the largest areas of aperture growth corresponding to direct contact between the acidified brine and calcite. This preferential dissolution of calcite led to a large increase in fracture surface roughness and in some instances, created a silicate mineral-rich microporous coating along the fracture wall. Results from this study suggest that the clay content of low permeability carbonate formations may be an important factor in controlling their long term integrity while in contact with acidified brine and should be considered when selecting appropriate injection sites for geologic CO 2 sequestration.
On Sacred Ground: The Church and Burial Rites in Nineteenth-Century Yucatáán, Mexico

Throughout mid-nineteenth century epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever, state and Church officials vied for control over the sacred terrain of cemetery management and burial regulations. Amidst sweeping national attacks on Church privilege, state officials crafted policies to contain contagion and undermine Church authority over the sacred realm of death. Between 1847 and 1855, mortality skyrocketed in Yucataan from the dual calamities of disease and the civil war known as the Caste War. As the war unfolded and epidemics persisted, residents were drawn into a power struggle between emergent public health policies and long-practiced Catholic and Maya burial customs.
Comparison of analytical and physical modeling of planetesimal accumulation

Three cases for which the analytic solutions to the planetary embryo coagulation equation are known, namely those of constant coagulation rate, of rate proportional to the sum of the masses of the two colliding bodies, and of rate proportional to the product of their masses, are presently used to test the mathematical validity of the Wetherill and Stewart (1989) physical model for the evolution of planetary embryos' mass distribution. In all cases, excellent agreement is found between numerical physical modeling results and those of the analytic solutions. The treatment of the runaway case can proceed via extension of the efforts of Trubnikov (1971).
Admission Officers' Impressions of Homeschooled Applicants in Evangelical and Nonevangelical Colleges and Universities.

Impressions of admission officers toward homeschooled applicants were examined. Specifically, this study sought to ascertain whether the perceptions of admission officers adhered to the common stereotype that homeschoolers are brighter and yet socially less well-adjusted than average. The responses of 121 admission officers were analyzed across several variables to determine which were associated with the homeschooler stereotype. The variables explored were politically conservative versus liberal, level of religious commitment, working or not working at a Christian college or university, size of institution, and years of employment as an admission officer. Chi-square analyses revealed that admission officers working at member institutions of the Council for Christian College & Universities (CCCU) were found to be more likely to view homeschooled applicants as less socially adjusted than admission officers not working at member institutions of the CCCU. Correlational analyses indicated that the more politi...
Further studies on newt tail collagen: description of lysine-derived crosslinks.

Abstract 1. 1. Collagen from the newt, Triturus viridescens , was shown to contain lysine-derived crosslinks. 2. 2. The crosslink patterns obtained with native type fibers and soluble collagen from the newt are similar to those observed with previously studied vertebrate dermal collagens.
Stimulation of 3-benzo[a]pyrenyl glucuronide hydrolysis by calcium activation of microsomal β-glucuronidase

Abstract Rates of hydrolysis of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrenyl glucuronide by microsomal β-glucuronidase from rat liver were 397 ± 17 nmol/min per g protein and were half-maximal with about 100 μM substrate. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, which elevates activities of glucuronosyltransferase(s), lowered rates of hydrolysis of benzo[a]pyrene glucuronide by 25%. Hydrolysis of the glucuronide by microsomal β-glucuronidase was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of calcium in the range existing in cytosol of hepatocytes (apparent Km ∼ 0.2 μM). Thus, humoral factors that change intracellular concentrations of free calcium may alter the production and export of glucuronides of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites from the liver.
An evaluation of PCs for high energy physics under Windows NT and Linux

The high availability and commodity prices of Intel-based PCs have made them serious contenders to workstations. We address the question whether PCs are appropriate for running real physics codes. We evaluate the performance of Intel-based systems with two popular 32-bit operating systems, Linux and Windows NT. We report on a suite of benchmark tests, both generic and HEP-specific, where we compare the performance of these two systems to each other, and to other popular workstation class machines.
Ethnic differences in DNA methyltransferases expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with both genetic and epigenetic etiologies. Evidence suggests that deregulation of specific genes through epigenetic mechanisms may be a contributing factor to SLE pathology. There is increasing evidence that DNA methyltransferase activity may be involved. This study demonstrated modulation in expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) according to ethnicity in patients diagnosed with SLE. Furthermore, differential expression in one of the DNMTs was found in a subset of lupus patients on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) therapy.
Nonfatal Farm Injuries in North Dakota: A Sociological Analysis*

: The 1980s has not been a particularly prosperous decade for many farm operators. Due to shifts in the agricultural economy, many farmers have experienced farm foreclosure and rural displacement; while many more are at serious risk of losing their farms. Within the context of the agricultural crisis, this study examines the impact of economic hardship on the probability of experiencing a farm injury. Specifically, we hypothesized that farm operators who were experiencing economic distress would be more likely to experience a farm injury. Data from the North Dakota Rural Life Poll (n=450) was used to estimate the incidence of farm accidents, as well as examine the relationship between selected farm operator characteristics and the incidence of a farm accident. The data suggests that younger farm operators with higher debt-to-asset ratios are significantly more likely to experience a farm accident. The study goes on to examine some of the dynamics of this relationship, and implications for farm safety education are addressed.
An introductory statistics class and examination using SPSS/PC

SPSS/PC was integrated into lecture and an examination in introductory statistics. Students were given an anonymous questionnaire after a traditional examination and again after an examination with SPSS/PC. They wanted more theory and derivation and were ambivalent about SPSS/PC in lecture. The computer test decreased computational error fears. Students preferred the more realistic questions which the computer permitted. Test performance was not significantly different. The results suggest that statistical packages should be used in later courses rather than in introductory statistics.
Convergence and reproducibility in molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA duplex d(GCACGAACGAACGAACGC)

Abstract Background The structure and dynamics of DNA are critically related to its function. Molecular dynamics simulations augment experiment by providing detailed information about the atomic motions. However, to date the simulations have not been long enough for convergence of the dynamics and structural properties of DNA. Methods Molecular dynamics simulations performed with AMBER using the ff99SB force field with the parmbsc0 modifications, including ensembles of independent simulations, were compared to long timescale molecular dynamics performed with the specialized Anton MD engine on the B-DNA structure d(GCACGAACGAACGAACGC). To assess convergence, the decay of the average RMSD values over longer and longer time intervals was evaluated in addition to assessing convergence of the dynamics via the Kullback–Leibler divergence of principal component projection histograms. Results These molecular dynamics simulations—including one of the longest simulations of DNA published to date at ~ 44 μs—surprisingly suggest that the structure and dynamics of the DNA helix, neglecting the terminal base pairs, are essentially fully converged on the ~ 1–5 μs timescale. Conclusions We can now reproducibly converge the structure and dynamics of B-DNA helices, omitting the terminal base pairs, on the μs time scale with both the AMBER and CHARMM C36 nucleic acid force fields. Results from independent ensembles of simulations starting from different initial conditions, when aggregated, match the results from long timescale simulations on the specialized Anton MD engine. General significance With access to large-scale GPU resources or the specialized MD engine “Anton” it is possible for a variety of molecular systems to reproducibly and reliably converge the conformational ensemble of sampled structures. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent developments of molecular dynamics.
A histomorphologic study of the normal healing response following digit amputation in C57bl/6 and MRL/MpJ mice

Mice are common models for the study of mammalian wound healing. However, the array of available phenotypes suggests that significant differences likely exist in the normal wound healing response between different mouse strains. It is therefore essential to understand the normal healing response for each mouse strain, anatomic site, and mechanism of injury when investigating the potential effects of therapeutic interventions upon the healing response. The objective of the present study was to characterize and compare the morphologic changes that occur in both the MRL/MpJ and C57bl/6 mice strains during the first 14 days following amputation at the midpoint of the second phalanx. Our results identify noticeable temporal and spatial differences between the two strains, particularly in the expression of CD34+ and CD133+ progenitor cells, the re-epithelialization of the wound and deposition of type I and type III collagen. Unlike other selected tissues in which MRL/MpJ mice demonstrate a capacity to completely regenerate lost tissue, the responses observed in this model of digit healing did not translate into a greater capacity to regenerate lost structures. Both mouse strains show a similar healing response by day 14.
Interpreting the “Crisis” of Culture in Communication Theory

The tradition of mass media effects research and the work of Innis, McLuhan, Dewey, Carey, Williams, and Habermas are explored through their images of the cultural crisis and how they conceive of communication.
Who's Watching the Children? Anthropology in Child Care

For the past several years I have been engaged in graduate study in anthropology, with special focus on applied and especially educational anthropology. During this time economics have necessitated my employment outside academia, primarily in the field of child care and early childhood education. Since June 1994, I have worked with one child-care provider in particular: a large, public, for-profit, preschool and day-care company. I began in the Special Needs Program, but recently moved into the position of Training Coordinator. Rather than working directly with the children, I now work with the teachers who work with the children.
Right hemispheric participation in semantic decision improves performance

Functional neuroimaging studies in healthy adults demonstrate involvement of a left-lateralized network of frontal, temporal, and parietal regions during a variety of semantic processing tasks. While these areas are believed to be fundamental to semantic processing, it is unclear if task performance is correlated with differential recruitment of these or other brain regions. The objective of this study was to identify the structures underlying improved accuracy on a semantic decision task. We also investigated whether extra-scanner performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and Semantic Fluency Test (SFT), neuropsychological measures of semantic retrieval, is correlated with specific areas of activation during the semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) fMRI task. Fifty-two healthy, right-handed individuals performed a block-design SDTD task. Regression analyses revealed that increased performance on this task was associated with activation in the right inferior parietal lobule. Higher SFT performance resulted in greater recruitment of right frontal regions; improved performance on BNT was associated with more widespread activation in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortex bilaterally, although this activation appeared to be stronger in the right hemisphere. Overall, our results suggest that improved performance on both intra- and extra-scanner measures of semantic processing are associated with increased recruitment of right hemispheric regions.
Maximum Entropy for Gravitational Wave Data Analysis: Inferring the Physical Parameters of Core-Collapse Supernovae

The gravitational wave signal arising from the collapsing iron core of a Type II supernova progenitor star carries with it the imprint of the progenitor's mass, rotation rate, degree of differential rotation, and the bounce depth. Here, we show how to infer the gravitational radiation waveform of a core-collapse event from noisy observations in a network of two or more LIGO-like gravitational wave detectors and, from the recovered signal, constrain these source properties. Using these techniques, predictions from recent core-collapse modeling efforts, and the LIGO performance during its S4 science run, we also show that gravitational wave observations by LIGO might have been sufficient to provide reasonable estimates of the progenitor mass, angular momentum and differential angular momentum, and depth of the core at bounce, for a rotating core-collapse event at a distance of a few kpc.
Cold rolling of polymers 2. Toughness enhancement in amorphous polycarbonates

The effect of cold rolling on the Izod impact strength of amorphous polycarbonates has been studied. The impact strength is a function of the roll reduction as well as the original sheet thickness. Sheets varying from 0.125 to 0.645 inches in thickness have been studied and roll reductions up to 50 percent have been utilized. It is shown that enhancement in impact strength occurs at very small percent roll reductions. The orientation release stress has been measured as a function of roll reduction and the internal stresses through the thickness of the sheets have been studied by birefringence methods. It is suggested that the residual stresses are responsible for impact enhancement rather than the molecular orientation.
A Quinoline Methanol (WR 30090) for Treatment of Acute Malaria

WR 30090 at a dose of 230 mg every 8 hr for 6 days has proven to be a safe, well-tolerated compound with photosensitivity proving to be a minor consideration. WR 30090 was found to be an effective medication for the treatment of acute malaria caused by several strains of Plasmodium falciparum. At the dose of 230 mg every 8 hr for 6 days, all of six men infected with a chloroquine-susceptible strain (Uganda I) were cured, all of 13 subjects infected with moderately chloroquine-resistant strains (Malayan Camp, Malayan Taylor, and Philippine Per) were cured, and 19 of 23 subjects infected with strains highly resistant to chloroquine (Vietnam Smith and Vietnam Crocker) were cured. All of five subjects infected with the chloroquine-resistant Vietnam Marks strain were cured with only 3 days of therapy. Blood-induced P. vivax (Chesson strain) infection showed a mixed response. Six out of seven volunteers were cured when treated for 3 days with WR 30090. The one recrudescence responded to a repeated course of therapy for 3 days. However, recrudescence occurred in one volunteer treated for 6 days. Treatment with WR 30090 failed to cure sporozoite-induced P. vivax (Chesson strain) infection in any of four subjects. In all subjects treated, there was good suppression of parasitemia and relief of symptoms. The susceptibility of the strains of malaria to WR 30090 to some degree parallels their susceptibility to chloroquine.
Morphogenesis of the Hirano body in neurons of the squirrel monkey dorsal horn

Electron microscopic investigation of laminae I–III in the lumbosacral region of the squirrel monkey spinal cord has disclosed possible stages in the morphogenesis of the Hirano body. These bodies occur occasionally in nerve cell bodies and dendrites. They are round to oval in shape, measure up to 2.2 μm in diameter and are composed of circular layers of 10 nm filaments. In several instances in the present study, Hirano bodies were observed in close association with the Golgi apparatus. Here Golgi-related vesicles were attached to the external surface of the Hirano bodies. In one instance a cluster of developing Hirano bodies of various sizes was observed. The smaller bodies were located nearest the Golgi apparatus while the larger were further away. In this case several short filaments, which may be precursors of the longer filaments which make up the layers of the inclusion, were observed in the cytoplasm between the Golgi cisternae and the smaller Hirano bodies. These observations suggest that the Golgi apparatus plays a major role in the production of the Hirano body. The significance of the occurrence of these inclusions is discussed.
Mathematical Problems That Optimize Learning for Academically Advanced Students in Grades K-6.

Several decades ago, V. A. Krutetskii conducted a multiyear study to investigate the various types of thinking that academically advanced, or as he called them, gifted mathematicians used. Followin...
Geometric ergodicity of Gibbs samplers for Bayesian general linear mixed models with proper priors

When a Bayesian version of the general linear mixed model is created by adopting a conditionally conjugate prior distribution, a simple block Gibbs sampler can be employed to explore the resulting intractable posterior density. In this article it is shown that, under mild conditions that nearly always hold in practice, the block Gibbs Markov chain is geometrically ergodic.
Radiationless intermolecular singlet-triplet energy transfer in chlorophyll-a: tool for investigation of non-phosphorescing triplet states

Abstract Fluorescence quenching in chlorophyll-a induced by radiationless intermolecular singlet-triplet energy transfer is reported. The process may have important photochemical implications. A two-laser excitation procedure is employed to observe the quenching. The method complements fluorescence spectroscopy for measurement of fast intramolecular relaxation processes.
Management and Market Reactions to Litigation: Do Shareholders Win When the Company Loses?

The article discusses a study which examined the impact of litigation on the company's management and stock market performance. The author assumes that the more a manager stands to lose in litigation, the harsher the market reaction to a settlement announcement. The author investigates whether there is a relationship between the existence of information a manager wants to keep private and the speed at which settlement is reached following litigation. The study found a significant negative reaction to the settlement announcement of litigation. The author also found that firms that chose settlement continued to under-perform in the market for up to one year following settlement. He also found that the average market reaction to a judgment was positive.
Rad-Hard high speed serial communication using Honeywell SerDes macros

SerDes (Serializer/Deserializer) is a key component of serial communication architecture for high-speed servers and communications networking systems and point to point communication links. It is a vital building block for space-based high-speed data communications. Honeywell is enabling optimized communication systems with a SerDes macro-cell as part of their HX5000 Rad-Hard ASIC design platform and a SerDes standard part for next-generation aerospace systems. Communication networks developed with SerDes embedded in an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) achieves significantly lower power, higher data throughput and more efficient ASIC area usage than traditional approaches for high-speed backplanes and box-to-box networking systems. When implemented on a Space qualified ASIC platform, SerDes offers the communication reliability and efficiency required in harsh space environments.
Limitations of Frequency Dependence as a Measure of Airway Obstruction

The purpose of this study is to develop a pulmonary model and determine the frequency response sensitivity of mechanical parameters such as impedance, dynamic compliance, and dynamic resistance as a function of individual airway properties. Computer simulations of a three compartment model of various physiological cases were used to determine lung parameters as a function of frequency, peripheral airway contribution to total airway resistance, and relative percent obstruction of the peripheral airways. Provided our present concepts of the lung are valid and adequately incorporated into the present model, our results indicate the utility of frequency dependence as a measure of airway obstruction.
Partial-SOI isolation structure for reduced bipolar transistor parasitics

A bipolar isolation structure with the capability of significantly reducing collector-base capacitance and base resistance is presented. Partial SOI, with SOI surrounding the collector opening, can be used to reduce the collector window width in combination with any emitter-base self-aligned bipolar device structure, and in particular for device structures that feature sublithographic emitter width. Near-ideal transistor Gummel characteristics and a minimum ECL gate delay of 24 ps have been achieved with a nonoptimized lateral device layout, and simulations suggest that sub-20-ps delay at reduced switch current will be possible by using the optimized partial-SOI isolation structure. >
Thermal analysis design tool for parallel plate heatsinks

A thermal analysis tool developed for laminar, narrow gap parallel plate heatsinks with various topologies such as side inlet and side outlet (SISO), top inlet and side outlet (TISO) or arbitrary location of inlet and side outlet is presented and examined. For simple topologies, the software has been validated with known exact solutions and CFD results. The fan curves and prescribed heat flux at base plate are incorporated into the software. Current analysis software combined with graphic user interface visualization tools have been demonstrated to be a useful, fast, and friendly tool for parametric design studies.
Are Women Evaluated More Favorably Than Men?: An Analysis of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Emotions:

In an experiment in which male and female respondents evaluated the social category of women or men on several types of measures, analysis of respondents' attitudes toward the sexes and of the evaluative content of their beliefs established that they evaluated women more favorably than men. In addition, analysis of respondents' emotional reactions toward women and men did not yield evidence of negativity toward women at the emotional level. Nor did it appear that respondents' very positive evaluations of women masked ambivalence toward them. This research, therefore, provides strong evidence that women are evaluated quite favorably—in fact, more favorably than men.
Pressure Group Size and the Politics of Income Redistribution

Numerous authors have argued that small groups with concentrated interests have an advantage over larger groups with more diffuse interests. We argue that the reverse situation is more likely. In addition, we extend the one candidate analysis to situations where there are two contestants for any one legislative seat.
Internet-based tool for system-on-chip integration

A tool has been created for use in a design course to automate integration of new components into a System-On-Chip(SOC). Students used this tool to implement a complete SOC Internet firewall, which was prototyped and tested using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Common components of the framework were completed as machine problem assignments throughout the first half of the semester. During the second half of the semester, students worked in small groups to design extensible modules, which included additional packet filters, a packet encryption engine, and replacement schedulers to enhance the functionality of the SoC firewall. The integration tool was used to manage project submissions and to synthesize designs for testing and project evaluation.