cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rational inversion of the Laplace transform

This paper studies new inversion methods for the Laplace transform of vector-valued functions arising from a combination of A-stable rational approximation schemes to the exponential and the shift operator semigroup. Each inversion method is provided in the form of a (finite) linear combination of the Laplace transform of the function and a finite amount of its derivatives. Seven explicit methods arising from A-stable schemes are provided, such as the Backward Euler, RadauIIA, Crank-Nicolson, and Calahan scheme. The main result shows that, if a function has an analytic extension to a sector containing the nonnegative real line, then the error estimate for each method is uniform in time.
Optimization of dynamic structured illumination for surface slope measurements

We present a fast and ambiguity-free method for slope measurement of reflective optical elements based on reflectometry. This novel reflectometric method applies triangulation to compute the slope based off projected patterns from an LCD screen, which are recorded by a camera. Accurate, ambiguity-free measurements can be obtained by displaying one pixel at a time on the screen and retrieving its unique image. This process is typically accelerated by scanning lines of pixels or encoding the information with phase using sinusoidal waves. Various classes of solutions exist, centroiding and phase-shifting being the most accepted, but their sensitivities vary with experimental conditions. This paper demonstrates solutions based on various parameters such as accuracy or efficiency. The results are presented in a decision matrix and merit function. Additionally, we propose a new class of solutions – Binary Square screens – in an attempt to address system limitations and compare current systems to our solutions using the decision matrix. Several test conditions are proposed along with the best suited solution.
Finding Space and Managing Distance: Public School Choice in an Urban California District:

The paper examines sociospatial issues for two forms of school choice that are popular in the US, magnet schools and charter schools. It argues that geographical analyses can be taken up to expand ...
An Investigation of the Low Intrinsic Activity of Adenosine and Its Analogs at Low Affinity (A2) Adenosine Receptors in Rat Cerebral Cortex

The potencies and intrinsic activities of adenosine analogs for stimulating cyclic AMP accumulation in slices of rat cerebral cortex were examined. 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) caused the greatest increase in cyclic AMP accumulation (19.2-fold). 2-Chloroadenosine (2-CAD) induced a similar increase, but adenosine and six other analogs caused much smaller increases. All agonists tested had similar potencies in activating this response. Inhibition of adenosine uptake with 10 microM dipyridamole did not affect the maximal response to any agonist, although the potency of adenosine was increased approximately threefold. Each analog was also able to block partially the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation caused by NECA. Levels of cyclic AMP accumulation in the presence of NECA plus another analog were similar to those observed when the analog alone was present, as expected for partial agonists. Furthermore, the EC50 value for R-(-)-N6(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine in increasing cyclic AMP accumulation was similar to the KI value for inhibiting the response to NECA. The EC50 value for adenosine was substantially higher than the KI value for inhibiting the response to NECA; however, in the presence of dipyridamole, the two values were more closely correlated. The response to NECA was blocked by 8-phenyltheophylline, 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine, and 8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline, with KI values from 1 to 10 microM. The results suggest that adenosine analogs stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in cerebral cortex through low-affinity receptors, but that some analogs only partially activate these receptors. Adenosine itself may also be a partial agonist, or its actions may be obscured by simultaneous activation of another receptor.
Mitigation of wind tunnel wall interactions in subsonic cavity flows

The flow over an open aircraft bay is often represented in a wind tunnel with a cavity. In flight, this flow is unconfined, though in experiments, the cavity is surrounded by wind tunnel walls. If untreated, wind tunnel wall effects can lead to significant distortions of cavity acoustics in subsonic flows. To understand and mitigate these cavity–tunnel interactions, a parametric approach was taken for flow over an L/D = 7 cavity at Mach numbers 0.6–0.8. With solid tunnel walls, a dominant cavity tone was observed, likely due to an interaction with a tunnel duct mode. An acoustic liner opposite the cavity decreased the amplitude of the dominant mode and its harmonics, a result observed by previous researchers. Acoustic dampeners were also placed in the tunnel sidewalls, which further decreased the dominant mode amplitudes and peak amplitudes associated with nonlinear interactions between cavity modes. This indicates that cavity resonance can be altered by tunnel sidewalls and that spanwise coupling should be addressed when conducting subsonic cavity experiments. Though mechanisms for dominant modes and nonlinear interactions likely exist in unconfined cavity flows, these effects can be amplified by the wind tunnel walls.
Formalization of operations and function definitions in a functional programming language for data structures

This paper presents a method for formalization of operations on certain class of syntactically represented linked Data Structures and then defines a set of functions to perform the operations. The formalization will be done by designing a set of transformation rules which are based on the grammars generating these Data Structures. Rooted in formal language theory, this method of formalization provides a basis for mathematical demonstration of the correctness of the operations. The function definitions are based on the idea of Functional Programming (FP) originated by John Backus. These function definitions will provide more functions for implementation of Extended Functional Programming (EFP) language designed for operations on Data Structures.
Mighty mouse and MX missiles: Children in a violent society

Ours is a society in which violence, or the threat of violence, is a common experience for many children. Children's fears of the dark, the boogie man, and the headless Horseman have evolved to include fears of Darth Vadar, meltdown, and nuclear war.
Quantification of Uncertainty in Aerodynamic Heating of a Reentry Vehicle Due to Uncertain Wall and Freestream Conditions

The primary focus of this paper is to demonstrate an efficient approach for uncertainty quantification of surface heat flux to the spherical non-ablating heat-shield of a generic reentry vehicle due to epistemic and aleatory uncertainties that may exist in various parameters used in the numerical solution of hypersonic, viscous, laminar blunt-body flows with thermo-chemical non-equilibrium. Two main uncertainty sources were treated in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations: (1) aleatory uncertainty in the freestream velocity and (2) epistemic uncertainty in the recombination efficiency for a partially catalytic wall boundary condition. The Second-Order Probability utilizing a stochastic response surface obtained with Point-Collocation Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos was used for the propagation of mixed (aleatory and epistemic) uncertainties. The uncertainty quantification approach was validated on a stochastic model problem with mixed uncertainties for the prediction of stagnation point heat transfer with Fay-Riddell relation, which included the comparison with direct Monte Carlo sampling results. In the stochastic CFD problem, the uncertainty in surface heat transfer was obtained in terms of intervals at different probability levels at various locations including the stagnation point and the shoulder region. The mixed uncertainty results were compared to the results obtained with a purely aleatory uncertainty analysis to show the difference between two uncertainty quantification approaches. A global sensitivity analysis indicated that the velocity has a stronger contribution to the overall uncertainty in the stagnation point heat transfer.
Dual frequency dielectrophoresis with interdigitated sidewall electrodes for microfluidic flow-through separation of beads and cells

This paper presents a novel design and separation strategy for lateral flow-through separation of cells/particles in microfluidics by dual frequency coupled dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces enabled by vertical interdigitated electrodes embedded in the channel sidewalls. Unlike field-flow-fractionation-DEP separations in microfluidics, which utilize planar electrodes on the microchannel floor to generate a DEP force to balance the gravitational force and separate objects at different height locations, lateral separation is enabled by sidewall interdigitated electrodes that are used to generate non-uniform electric fields and balanced DEP forces along the width of the microchannel. In the current design, two separate AC electric fields are applied to two sets of independent interdigitated electrode arrays fabricated in the sidewalls of the microchannel to generate differential DEP forces that act on the cells/particles flowing through. Individual particles (cells or beads) will experience DEP forces differently due to the difference in their dielectric properties. The balance of the differential DEP forces from the electrode arrays will position dissimilar particles at distinct equilibrium planes across the width of the channel. When coupled with fluid flow, this results in lateral separation along the width of the microchannel and the separated particles can thus be automatically directed into branched channel outlets leading to different reservoirs for downstream processing. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of lateral separation enabled by dual frequency coupled DEP, and cell/bead and cell/cell separations are demonstrated with this lateral separation strategy. With vertical interdigitated electrodes on the sidewall, the height of the microchannel can be increased without losing the electric field strength in contrast to other multiple frequency DEP devices with planar electrodes. As a result, populations of cells can be separated simultaneously instead of one by one to enable high-throughput sorting microfluidic devices.
State managers, intellectuals, and the media: A content analysis of ideology in experts' quotes in feature newspaper articles on crime

Current research in the social construction of crime news continues to reveal key patterns in manufacturing the media version of lawlessness. Many of these investigations rely on content analysis in decoding and deconstructing popular images of crime. This study administers a content analysis on feature newspaper articles on crime appearing in four major newspapers. We examined the content of quoted statements—a rarely studied form of media message—offered by two groups of experts: state managers (e.g., criminal justice practitioners) and intellectuals (e.g., professors). Our analysis yields statistically significant differences between these groups of sources, as measured by two dimensions of ideology of crime—crime causation and crime control. These findings, as well as the roles of the media, state managers, and intellectuals in manufacturing crime news, are discussed in the context of social contructionism.
The sequential analysis of social interaction

Scientific analysis of any phenomenon is likely to suffer when the assumptions of methodology too rigidily restrict theory testing. This problem has arisen in the sequential analysis of social interaction. The assumptions explored center on three aspects of process—coding schemes, the nature of time, and the quality of explanations engendered by sequential analysis methodologies.
What's new in treatment?

The status of clinical drug trials is reviewed along with how these experimental protocols have influenced treatment for HIV and AIDS. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Linear complementary formulations involving frictional contact for elasto-plastic deformable bodies

In the present study, an incremental variational inequality is described for frictional contact problems with material non linear behavior assumed to be elasto-plastic for the contacting bodies. On the contacting boundaries, the constraint conditions include noninterpenetration along the normal direction of the contact boundary and Coulomb friction law in the sliding direction. After numerical discretization using the finite element method, an effective linear complementary formulation is then established with two unknown variables and two complementary variables for each contact nodal pair. The proposed developments permit a reduced number of unknown variables which are chosen as the gap function for the normal direction and the norm of the incremental sliding displacements for the tangential direction; and the complementary variables are taken as the normal contact forces and slack variables in the tangential directions. The resulting linear complementary equations are then solved employing an explicit Conjugate Gradient Based Projection (CGBP) method in conjunction with a generalized Newton-Raphson iteration procedure to account for the material nonlinear behavior. The methodology is valid for three-dimensional frictional contact representations; however, for purposes of illustration of the proposed approaches, attention is confined to applications involving two-dimensional static elasto-plastic problems under small deformation. Numerical examples are presented which clearly show that the developments satisfy the problem physics and contact conditions with features to include high accuracy and reduced computational costs.
Effects of Self-Other Decision Making on Regulatory Focus and Choice Overload

A growing stream of research is investigating how choices people make for themselves are different from choices people make for others. In this paper, I propose that these choices vary according to regulatory focus, such that people who make choices for themselves are prevention focused, whereas people who make choices for others are promotion focused. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, in particular work on errors of omission and commission, I hypothesize that people who make choices for others experience a reversal of the choice overload effect. In 6 studies, including a field study, I found that people who make choices for themselves are less satisfied after selecting among many options compared to few options, yet, people who make choices for others are more satisfied after selecting among many options compared to few options. Implications and suggestions for other differences in self–other decision making are discussed.
Reduced tolerance of immature renal tubules to anoxia by HSF-1 decoy.

Immature animals demonstrate an amplified heat shock response following a variety of insults compared with that seen in mature animals (M). The potential role of the heat shock response in modulati...
Hormone-free medium will support callus production and subsequent shoot regeneration from whole plant leaf explants in some sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) populations.

Sugarbeet plants representing 14 of 16 germplasm sources (4 to 5 plants per source) produced callus from leaf disks on a hormone-free Murashige and Skoog based medium. Overall, 49.2% of explants from partially expanded leaves of whole plants initiated callus (53 of 74 plants tested), in an average time of 96.7 days. The time to callus was considerably longer than the 4–6 weeks observed when 1 mg/L N6-benzyladenine has been used in the medium. Shoots were regenerated on the hormone-free medium without subculture from callus of eight individual genotypes, representing 3 of the 14 populations that produced callus. Shoots produced by ‘Gartons White Knight’ and ‘L53’ appeared to be of somatic embryo origin. Rhizogenic calli were also produced by the same three populations that regenerated shoots. Significant differences among populations were found for frequency of root formation from leaf disks and time to callus. Variation among plants within a population was significant for four of the five traits examined. The results indicate the ease of hormone autonomization in sugarbeet, and should be of value in designing regeneration media for a wider range of beet germplasm.
Comments on Robert A. Segal's defense of "the Religion school"

It is interesting that Professor Segal, a gifted essayist by anyone's account, would purport to defend a school of thought whose existence he denies (1995). Moreover, he cites an impressive array of scholars whom he would associate with this non-existent school. Now, he may cite all these people either with good reason or without. If the latter is the case, his citations are in error and he should retract them. If the former is the case, then there must in fact be a coherent school of thought, a school that I linked, for convenience's sake, with the journal, Religion. Most of the claims that are presented in the Segal defense are directed at misreadings of my crude and naive prose. For example, where I ineptly wrote, "I will take up each of these apparent essentials of the Religion school and address them from a symbolic interactionist perspective" (1995: 252), the defense essay presents the suggestion that "Blasi surprisingly confines in terpretive sociology to symbolic interactionism. Phenomenology would seem equally efficacious for his purposes." (Segal 1995: 259) Now, my purpose was to present a standpoint shared by a large number of sociologists; phe nomenology would be useful to present a standpoint from a kindred but different number of them. I imply no intent to exclude phenomenological sociology from the interpretive problematic, and indeed I authored a book some years ago devoted specifically to using phenomenology in such an in terpretive sociological program of inquiry. In his defense, Segal cites Max Weber as a sociologist who "sought to com bine an interpretive approach with an explanatory one" (Segal 1995: 260), suggesting such an influential scholar as he had no difficulty "explaining" religion and other human institutions. The implication is that my insistence on grounding concepts in the social actors' understandings is more or less out of the mainstream of the field. Weber's prose was probably less naive than mine, but let us allow him to speak for himself:
Quantitative EEG Differences in a Nonclinical Sample of Children with ADHD and Undifferentiated ADD

ABSTRACT Objective To use quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques to identify electrophysiological differences between children with distinct disorders of attention and/or hyperactivity. Method Forty children from a prescreened community sample were evaluated by means of both spectral EEG and evoked response potential (ERP) techniques. The children were 7 to 13 years of age and were selected on the basis of membership in one of the following DSM-III-R categories: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ( n = 16), undifferentiated attention deficit disorder (UADD) ( n = 12), or no disruptive disorder diagnosis ( n = 12). Results Spectral EEG revealed that UADD subjects had less delta band relative percent power (RPP) ( p p p p p p Conclusion Quantitative EEG techniques may prove useful in differentiating specific subtypes of ADHD.
Monitoring photoresist dissolution in supercritical carbon dioxide using a quartz crystal microbalance

New lithographic techniques are being implemented to help further reduce feature sizes in microelectronics. A technique for the development of standard commercial extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists in a carbon dioxide compatible salt (CCS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) solution is being investigated to reduce line edge roughness and image collapse of high aspect ratio features. 1,2 To understand the kinetics and overall mechanism of photoresist dissolution into the high pressure CCS/scCO 2 solution, we use a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). QCM measures the frequency changes of the quartz crystal when mass loadings, temperature, pressure, and solution viscosity change. In the last decade, QCM has been used to monitor dissolution of photoresist materials in liquid solutions in real time. 3 The technique has been adapted to high pressure systems, with corrections for pressure and solution viscosity effects. 4 In this paper, QCM was used in high pressure scCO 2 conditions to monitor the dissolution kinetics of the photoresist using the CCS/scCO 2 solution. The frequency changes of the quartz crystal were recorded and corrected for both pressure and solution viscosity to estimate the mass removed as a function of time. The initial photoresist dissolution rates in the CCS/scCO 2 solution at temperatures between 35°C and 50°C and pressures ranging from 3500 psi to 5000 psi are reported. The plots of photoresist removal with time are linear signifying a zero order overall removal rate. The activation energy for photoresist removal at a CO 2 density of 0.896 g/ml is 76 mJ/mol.
Beyond the individuality of fingerprints: a measure of simulated computer latent print source attribution accuracy

Efforts to harness computer fingerprint databases to perform studies relevant to fingerprint identification have tended to focus on 10-print, rather than latent print, identification or on the inherent individuality of fingerprint images. This paper reports on three experiments that measure the accuracy of a computer fingerprint matcher at identifying the source of simulated latent prints. The first experiment used rolled prints supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to simulate latent prints. The second experiment used our own manufactured latent prints. The third experiment used latent prints supplied by NIST. An Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) was used to simulate the task that a human latent print examiner is typically asked to perform as part of ordinary casework. The AFIS performed this task, for which it was not designed, fairly well. However, there are non-mate images that scored very highly on the AFIS's similarity measure. These images would be susceptible to erroneous conclusions that would be given with a very high degree of confidence. Not surprisingly, the same was also true of the simulated latents which contained less information. We suggest that measuring the accuracy and potential for erroneous conclusions for AFISs might provide a basis for comparison between human examiners and automated systems at performing various identification tasks. Such comparisons might stimulate competition, innovation and improvement in the performance of these tasks.
Jarring bodies: thoughts on the display of unusual anatomies.

This past April I woke up suddenly from a frightening yet laughable little dream in which I couldn’t breathe because Governor John Engler, dressed in a power suit, was sitting on my naked chest. My dreams have always been this transparent; they would bore a psychotherapist. I knew immediately when I awoke what this dream was about. The next day I had an appointment with a professional photographer who was going to take a picture of me, bare except for my wedding ring on my left ring finger and a hospital bracelet around my right wrist. After he developed the picture in black and white—assuming I didn’t chicken out—he would use PhotoShop to make three changes: impose a stark measurement grid behind me, black out my eyes with a rectangular band, and blur what my mate, Aron, calls “the naughty bits.” This picture would then be used for an anthology I was editing about the medical treatment of people born intersexed—the kind of people who used to be called hermaphrodites. I wanted to use this picture to make a point about the difference it makes whether people (including doctors and medical students) see intersexed people primarily the way medical books show them, or the way intersexed people see themselves. The volume, Intersex in the Age of Ethics, includes autobiographies of living intersexed people, and accompanying many of the autobiographies are photos of the authors looking like “normal” people [1]. They are shown with their
Epidemiologic findings on body mass and blood pressure in adults

Univariate Cross-sectional Data Data have been accumulating for decades on the positive relationship between body weight (controlled for height) and blood pressure (BP) in adults. A comprehensive review was published in 1969 (1). It noted 31 papers in the literature on this matter, published between 1923 and 1967. Data from analyses of the univariate cross-sectional type have been reported in extenso, including by our group, e.g., for middle-aged men of the People’s Gas Company Study in Chicago (2-5). In 1973-75, the Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) survey, initiated in cooperation with the National High Blood Pressure Education Program, screening about one million Americans all over the country, produced typical findings (Table 1) (6). In this case the independent variable was the screenee’s self-assessment of his/her weight status. This massive undertaking yielded concordant data for both men and women in two adult age ranges, 20 to 39 and 40 to 64 years. In the past it was argued by some that these findings could be artifactual because of bias in BP measurement due to fatness and consequent large circumference of the arm to which the blood pressure cuff was applied. However, additional data acquired in subsequent years-as methodology became more sophisticated-yielded similar findings with use of cuffs of various sizes to control for this problem. Further, it was also shown that indices of relative weight (RW) were associated with electrocardiography (ECG)-demonstrated left ventricular hypertrophy, one of the well-known consequences of sustained high BP (HBP). Th us, the association between RW and BP and HAP was independently validated. Since the 1969 review, many additional data sets have accumulated, yielding further confirmation of the relationship.
The Content and Construct Validity of the Barth Scale: Assumptions of Open Education 1

Latent partition analysis was used to generate content categories from judgmental data gathered on Barth Scale items from 23 open education experts. Principal component analysis was employed to examine constructs derived from response data gathered from 78 open and 113 traditional teachers. Alpha internal consistency reliabilities were developed for item clusters defining each dimension. Relationships between the judgmental categories and response dimensions facilitated naming the derived dimensions. Evidence of content and construct validity and of internal consistency reliability indicate appropriate scoring and interpretation for Barth Scale items.
Keynote Address Concepts Of A Peripheralized Image Management System

The management of radiographic film is based on a centralized, sequential management strategy using individual patient film jackets as an archiving medium. This centralized manual management strategy has evolved because x-ray film has been the sole record of a patient's image information. However, the operation of any film file room always faces significant problems. Storage space for patient film jackets is rarely adequate. The demand for patient film jackets is great particularly during the first part of a patient's hospitalization. The access and utilization of the film jacket by multiple clinicians and hospital services can rarely be adequately met, Film jackets are often unavailable due to misfiling or capture in private collections of interesting cases. Ultimately, the successful operation of any film file room depends on the dedication and training of an adequate number of film file room staff, the cooperation of the clinical users and strict enforcement of check-in--check-out protocols.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes.

The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze the controlled clinical trial data for peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) and complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS). A total of 72 articles were found, which included 92 controlled drug trials using 48 different treatments. The methods of these studies were critically reviewed and the results summarized and compared. The PNP trial literature gave consistent support (two or more trials) for the analgesic effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants, intravenous and topical lidocaine, intravenous ketamine, carbamazepine and topical aspirin. There was limited support (one trial) for the analgesic effectiveness of oral, topical and epidural clonidine and for subcutaneous ketamine. The trial data were contradictory for mexiletine, phenytoin, topical capsaicin, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and intravenous morphine. Analysis of the trial methods indicated that mexiletine and intravenous morphine were probably effective analgesics for PNP, while non-steroidals were probably ineffective. Codeine, magnesium chloride, propranolol, lorazepam, and intravenous phentolamine all failed to provide analgesia in single trials. There were no long-term data supporting the analgesic effectiveness of any drug and the etiology of the neuropathy did not predict treatment outcome. Review of the controlled trial literature for CRPS identified several potential problems with current clinical practices. The trial data only gave consistent support for analgesia with corticosteroids, which had long-term effectiveness. There was limited support for the analgesic effectiveness of topical dimethylsulfoxyde (DMSO), epidural clonidine and intravenous regional blocks (IVRBs) with bretylium and ketanserin. The trial data were contradictory for intranasal calcitonin and intravenous phentolamine and analysis of the trial methods indicated that both treatments were probably ineffective for most patients. There were consistent trial data indicating that guanethidine and reserpine IVRBs were ineffective, and limited trial data indicating that droperidol and atropine IVRBs were ineffective. No placebo controlled data were available to evaluated sympathetic ganglion blocks (SGBs) with local anesthetics, surgical sympathectomy, or physical therapy. Only the capsaicin trials presented data which allowed for meta-analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated a significant capsaicin effect with a pooled odds ratio of 2.35 (95% confidence intervals 1.48, 3.22). The methods scores were higher (P<0.01) for the PNP trials (66.2±1.5, n=66) than the CRPS trials (57.6±2.9, n=26). The CRPS trials tended to use less subjects and were less likely to use placebo controls, double-blinding, or perform statistical tests for differences in outcome measures between groups. There was almost no overlap in the controlled trial literature between treatments for PNP and CRPS, and treatments used in both conditions (intravenous phentolamine and epidural clonidine) had similar results.
Evaluating faculty publications in accounting Ph.D. programs: The Author Affiliation Index as an alternative

Abstract We propose a new model, the Author Affiliation Index (AAI), for examining journal quality, explain how the AAI is calculated, and report the resulting scores for 35 accounting and accounting-related journals. Next, we compare AAI journal rankings with those from other published studies and examine the correlations between them to show how the AAI can be used to evaluate relatively new journals, such as Accounting and the Public Interest, that are not included in extant ranking lists. By explaining its flexibility, we demonstrate that the AAI model can serve as a valuable tool for measuring journal quality and for meeting AACSB accreditation requirements for faculty groups as well as individual faculty. The AAI is based on the principle that as the percentage of authors in a journal who are accounting faculty at doctoral-granting institutions increases, the perceived value of that journal in terms of quality to Ph.D.-granting accounting programs also increases. Although our illustrations focus on the construction of this measure for use by Ph.D.-granting institutions, we describe how it can be adapted for use by other faculty groups.
Removing a cemented fixed prosthesis using a crown remover

It may be necessary to remove a fixed prosthesis for various reasons. This article describes a simple, quick, and inexpensive solution to a difficult problem. The technique has the advantage of saving the patient both money and time.
Pseudorotation in Water Trimer Isotopomers Using Terahertz Laser Spectroscopy

We report the first observation of five water trimer isotopomers using terahertz laser spectroscopy coupled with a pulsed slit jet expansion technique. A single c-type vibration−rotation-tunneling (VRT) band has been observed for each isotopomer between 40 and 50 cm-1. By considering all the experimental data, including results from isotopic substitution experiments, analyses of bifurcation tunneling splittings, and rotational analyses of the VRT bands, it has been possible to determine unambiguously the isotopic composition and structure of each isotopomer. We have also extended the measurements of the 41.1 cm-1 band in (D2O)3, first reported by Suzuki and Blake [Suzuki, S.; Blake, G. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 229, 499]. All six VRT bands have been assigned to pseudorotational transitions, which principally involve flipping of the “free” hydrogen or deuterium atoms in the trimer from above to below the plane of the OOO ring. Interestingly, four of the six bands have been assigned to the same transition....
Nanoceramic composites: Tough to test

Ceramic composites reinforced with nanoscale materials such as nanotubes are widely expected to have superior mechanical properties compared with more conventional composite materials. However, new work shows that the toughness of these nanocomposites can be severely overestimated when measured by the standard indentation method.
MECHANISM OF CO OXIDATION BY CARBON MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASE FROM CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOACETICUM AND ITS INHIBITION BY ANIONS

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) performs two distinct reactions at two different metal centers. The synthesis of acetyl-CoA from a methyl group, CO, and coenzyme A occurs at center A and the oxidation of CO to CO2 occurs at center C. In the work reported here, we have studied the mechanism of CO oxidation by CODH and its inhibition by thiocyanate. Our data are consistent with a ping-pong mechanism. A scheme to explain the first half-reaction was developed that includes binding of water and CO to the oxidized form of center C, deprotonation of coordinated water to yield enzyme-bound hydroxyl, nucleophilic attack on coordinated CO by OH- to form enzyme-bound carboxyl, and deprotonation and decarboxylation to form CO2 and the reduced form of center C. In the second half-reaction, the reduced enzyme is reoxidized by an electron acceptor. CO oxidation was pH dependent. The pH dependence of kcat/Km for CO gave a single pKa of 7.7 and a maximum value at 55 degrees C and high pH of 9.1 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. The pH dependence of kcat followed a two-phase titration curve with pKa values of 7.1 and 9.5 and maximum value of kcat at 55 degrees C and high pH of 3250 s-1 (1310 mumol of CO oxidized min-1 mg-1). The pH dependencies of kcat/Km and kcat are interpreted to reflect the ionization of enzyme-bound water from binary and ternary complexes with center C. Reaction with thiocyanate, azide, or cyanate was found to cause a striking shift in the EPR spectrum of center C from gav = 1.82 (g = 2.01, 1.81, 1.65) to a two-component spectrum with gav = 2.15 (g = 2.34, 2.067, 2.03) and gav = 2.17 (g = 2.34, 2.115, 2.047). Thiocyanate acted as a mixed partial inhibitor with respect to CO. The inhibition constants were pH and temperature dependent. The pH dependencies of the inhibition constants gave pKa values of approximately 7.7. Binding of thiocyanate to the oxidized form of center C appears to be favored by a negative enthalpy that is offset by a decrease in entropy yielding a slightly unfavorable free energy of association.
Estimation of the Dietary Lipid Requirement Level of the White Crayfish Procambarus acutus acutus

Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing graded levels of lipid (menhaden fish oil) were fed to juvenile white crayfish (Procambarus acutus acutus) over a 10 week period. A significant depression in weight gain was observed in crayfish fed diets containing 9% or more lipid. There were no significant differences in growth of crayfish fed diets containing 0 to 6% lipid. Whole-body percentages of lipid and dry matter decreased, and protein increased in crayfish fed high-lipid diets. Dietary lipid did not appear to influence survival or molting frequency. Whole-body lipids generally reflected dietary fatty acid composition.
Neural network based fault detection of PMSM stator winding short under load fluctuation

A negative sequence analysis coupled with a neural network based approach is applied to fault detection of a single phase winding short in a PMSM. A multilayer network provides a near term current prediction as input to the fault detection system. The fault detection is performed using the negative sequence analysis of the residuals (difference between the actual and predicted values of currents). The negative sequence component of the residuals provides the detection of the fault and a measurement of the level of severity of the winding short. The method is validated using a 15 hp PMSM experimental setup.
Role of integrins in cellular responses to mechanical stress and adhesion

Mechanical stresses are important environmental cues for both normal cellular functions and pathophysiological changes in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. There is increasing evidence that mechanotransduction processes in response to mechanical stresses share many common features with processes in cell adhesion, such as an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the focal adhesion sites. Recent findings suggest that integrins may function as mechanotransducers in cells.
Questions remaining in sulfolipid biosynthesis: a historical perspective.

The plant sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol was discovered by A.A. Benson in the late 1950s. The increasing availability of radioisotope-containing biological substrates such as 35S-sulfate provided the means to discover novel biological compounds and to sketch out their biosynthetic pathways. During this time the structure of sulfolipid with its 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-α-d-glucose (sulfoquinovose) headgroup was determined. Immediately, the origin of this unusual biological sulfonic acid mystified the scientific community and several proposals for its biosynthesis were developed and tested. Strong supportive evidence for the nucleotide pathway of sulfolipid biosynthesis became available with the discovery of the bacterial and plant genes encoding the enzymes of sulfolipid biosynthesis during the 1990s. This latter work was based on the foundations laid by A.A. Benson and confirmed one initial hypothesis on sulfolipid biosynthesis. An abbreviated summary of the turning points in defining the mechanism for sulfolipid biosynthesis and remaining issues in sulfolipid biochemistry are provided.
Risk stratification of colon cancer using low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy

We demonstrate that spectroscopic analysis of uninvolved (i.e., colonoscopically and histologically normal) colonic mucosa using low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) spectroscopy has the potential for predicting neoplastic risk throughout the colon without the need for colonoscopy.
Fatty Acid Distribution in Lipides from Eggs Produced by Hens Fed Cottonseed Oil and Cottonseed Fatty Acid Fractions

Abstract HEN’S eggs are a rich source of lipides. An average size 51.6 gm. egg contains 6.1 gm. of lipide (Romanoff and Romanoff, 1949). Any changes in composition of the egg yolk fatty acids resulting from changes in the hen's diet are important in human nutrition. Cruickshank (1934) used iodine and thiocyanogen values; and Reiser (1950 and Reiser (1951), Fisher and Leveille (1957), and Feigenbaum and Fisher (1959) used alkali isomeration to determine differences in amounts of saturated and unsaturated acids in eggs from hens fed fats of widely differing fatty acid compositions. The development of gas-liquid chromatographic methods for separation of the methyl esters of fatty acids gives a tool for the direct determination of fatty acids in egg lipides. In this study, hens were fed a basal ration containing 4 percent lipide plus smaller amounts of crude cottonseed oil or various fractions of the mixed fatty acids from the oil and …
Identification of Muscarinic Receptors in Rat Cerebral Cortical Microvessels

Microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex consist mainly of capillaries (greater than 85%). Fresh, intact microvessel preparations have been analyzed by radioligand binding techniques for muscarinic receptors. Scatchard analysis of specific quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding indicates that microvessels possess a large number of muscarinic sites (914 fmol/mg protein) of high affinity (KD = 0.034 nM). The association and dissociation rate constants (0.37 min-1 nM-1 and 0.0067 min-1, respectively) yield an equilibrium KD of 0.018 nM. Displacement of [3H]QNB by muscarinic ligands and control substances is typical of muscarinic receptors. The results indicate that cerebral microvessels possess a large population of muscarinic receptors.
Tutor Resources in Mathematics

(1977). Tutor Resources in Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 476-481.
Effect of Disulfide Bonds of Transcobalamin II Receptor on Its Activity and Basolateral Targeting in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells

Transcobalamin II-receptor (TC II-R) contains 10 half-cysteines, of which 8 are involved in intramolecular disulfide bonding. Reduction followed by alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) of the 62-kDa TC II-R monomer in vitro or treatment of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells with low concentrations (10(-6) M) of NEM resulted in TC II-R exhibiting a loss of ligand binding and an increase in its apparent molecular mass by 10 kDa to 72 kDa. Domain-specific biotinylation studies using NEM-treated filter-grown cells revealed loss of TC II-R but not cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor protein at the basolateral cell surface. Pulse-chase labeling of NEM-treated cells with [35S]methionine revealed that the modified 72-kDa TC II-R, like the native 62-kDa TC II-R in untreated cells, turned over rapidly with a t1/2 of 7.5 h and was sensitive to treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F, sialidase alone, or sialidase and O-glycanase but not to treatment with endoglycosidase H. Labeled 72-kDa TC II-R, which was retained intracellularly following treatment of Caco-2 cells with methyl methanethiosulfonate, returned to the basolateral cell surface following withdrawal of cells from methyl methanethiosulfonate treatment and exposure to dithiothreitol. Based on these results, we suggest that formation and maintenance of intramolecular disulfide bonds of TC II-R is important for its acquisition of ligand binding and post-trans-Golgi trafficking to basolateral surface membranes but not for its turnover and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum or trafficking through the Golgi.
Some important aspects in designing high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid)-clay nanocomposites with desired properties

BACKGROUND: The main aim of the work reported here was to investigate the effect of clay aspect ratio and functional edge group on the dispersion, degree of order of clays and interfacial strength of high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)–clay amorphous nanocomposites and consequently their properties. Three kinds of clays (two montmorillonites (SMMTC18 and NMMTC18) and one fluoro-mica (MC18) with the same surfactant) were used to synthesize three amorphous nanocomposites. Thermomechanical properties, permeability, etc., were compared among composites and with pure PLLA. RESULTS: From X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, both MMTs with lower aspect ratio showed better dispersion and greater degree of disorder, which led to stronger interfacial strength and consequently higher storage modulus than MC18-based composites. All composites showed better properties than pure PLLA. The oxygen barrier efficiencies of SMMTC18- and NMMTC18-based composites were higher than that of the MC18-based composites. Due to the highest exposed area and probably stronger interactions, SMMTC18 had the highest nucleating efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Along with aspect ratio, dispersion and degree of intercalation, the interfacial strength of composites and degree of order of clays are also important issues for property development. Compared to reported results in the literature, our amorphous composites showed less of an improvement of thermomechanical properties as real reinforcement was solely from clays. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature

It is suggested that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is buffered, over geological time scales, by a negative feedback mechanism, in which the rate of weathering of silicate minerals (followed by deposition of carbonate minerals) depends on surface temperature, which in turn depends on the carbon dioxide partial pressure through the greenhouse effect. Although the quantitative details of this mechanism are speculative, it appears able to partially stabilize the earth's surface temperature against the steady increase of solar luminosity, believed to have occurred since the origin of the solar system.
Treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis with 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2: report of a case.

A 19-yr-old male developed severe hemorrhagic gastritis following three abdominal operations. Treatment with intravenous cimetidine and hourly antacids to maintain his gastric pH above 5 failed to affect gastrointestinal bleeding. Also, peripheral venous vasopressin, propantheline bromide, and glucagon were without effect. Total gastrectomy was considered to control his bleeding. However, since a number of prostaglandin analogs prevent gastric lesions produced by many noxious agents (e.g., aspirin, alcohol, strong acid or alkali, etc.) in animals and humans, the patient was treated with 50 μg of 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 intragastrically every 6 h for 10 days. To epimerize the 15(R) form to the more active 15(S) form, 50–100 ml of 50-mN HCl was placed into the patient's stomach immediately before each dose. Bleeding ceased within 24 h of the onset of 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 therapy and did not recur. The prompt response to 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 in combination with hourly antacids in this patient with persistent and severe hemorrhagic gastritis suggests a therapeutic effect and the need for a prospective double-blind clinical trial.
Comparison of alfalfa-orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid low-moisture silages with corn silage for lactating dairy cattle.

Abstract In two successive years 24 cows were used to compare the feeding value of three silages: low-moisture alfalfa-orchardgrass, low-moisture sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Lindsey 77F), and corn. The switchback trial had three 28-day periods with individual feeding of silage ad libitum as the only source of forage and an 18% crude protein grain mixture at 1kg per 4kg of 4% fat-corrected milk. In both years cows consuming alfalfa-orchardgrass low-moisture silage produced more milk than cows fed either low moisture sorghum-sudangrass or corn silage. Dry matter intake was significantly (P