cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation trees of period-1 motions in a periodically excited, softening Duffing oscillator with time-delay

In this paper, bifurcation trees of period-1 motions to chaos in a periodically excited, time-delay, softening Duffing oscillator are analytically predicted through an implicit mapping method. Discretization of the time-delay oscillator gives an implicit mapping. Stable and unstable periodic motions in such a time-delay, softening Duffing oscillator are achieved through the corresponding mapping structures. From the finite discrete Fourier series, harmonic frequency–amplitude characteristics for stable and unstable solutions of period-1 to period-4 motions are developed, and the singularity, catastrophes and quantity levels of harmonic amplitudes are presented. A symmetric period-1 motion with symmetric break generates three branches of period-1 motions to chaos. From the analytical prediction, periodic motions in the time-delay softening Duffing oscillator are simulated numerically. The bifurcation trees of period-1 motions to chaos in the time-delay softening Duffing oscillator are difficult to be obtained from the traditional analytical methods.
Performance of beef cows receiving cull beans, sunflower meal, and canola meal as protein supplements while grazing native winter range in Eastern Colorado.

A 2-yr grazing performance study was conducted in Eastern Colorado to evaluate the effects of feeding raw cull beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) or canola meal, compared to sunflower meal, to beef cows grazing dormant, native winter range on body weight and body condition score (BCS) change, reproductive performance, and calf performance. Ninety-five pregnant, spring-calving crossbred cows (541 +/- 51 kg) in 1995 to 1996 and 65 cows (602 +/- 60 kg) in 1996 to 1997 were randomly assigned to one of five treatments (19 and 13 cows per treatment in 1995 to 1996 and 1996 to 1997, respectively): 1) unprocessed Great Northern beans to supply 182 g/d of CP (GNB); 2) canola meal to supply 182 g/d of CP (CM); 3) a mixture of Great Northern beans and sunflower meal, each to supply 91 g/d of CP, for a total of 182 g/d of CP (MIX); 4) sunflower meal to supply 182 g/d of CP (SFM+); and 5) sunflower meal to supply 91 g/d of CP (SFM-). Cow weight and body condition performance were broken into a gestation and a lactation phase in 1995 to 1996; calves were weighed at birth, at the end of the lactation phase in April, and at weaning the following September. Only gestation performance was monitored in 1996 to 1997, and subsequent calf birth and weaning weight were recorded. The SFM- group lost more weight during the gestation phase than other treatments (P < .05), yet no differences were detected for gestation phase daily BCS change, calf birth weight, lactation phase daily weight change, lactation phase daily BCS change, first-service conception rate to AI, or overall pregnancy rate. Off-test calf weight was higher in April for calves from dams of the SFM+ and CM treatments than for calves from dams on the GNB or SFM- treatments (P < .05), and calves from cows on the CM treatment were heavier in April than calves from cows on the MIX treatment (P < .05). No differences in calf weight were present at weaning. Consumption of beans by cows on the GNB treatment was low because of palatability problems. Mixing the beans with sunflower meal in the MIX treatment eliminated this problem. Canola meal, Great Northern beans, or a combination of sunflower meal and Great Northern beans were comparable to sunflower meal as protein supplements for beef cows grazing native winter range, despite obvious palatability problems with the beans.
“Time Is Out of Joint:” Consciousness, Temporality, and Probability in Quantum Theory

While the juncture of reality, causality, and probability is a familiar feature of foundational discussions concerning quantum theory, this article considers the role of consciousness and temporality within this juncture, by adopting a nonrealist or, in terms of this article, “reality-without-realism” (RWR) interpretation of it and of quantum phenomena themselves. This interpretation follows Bohr’s ultimate interpretation, but possibly takes a more radical epistemological position (the strong RWR view), according to which quantum objects and behavior are not only beyond representation (the weak RWR view), but also beyond conception. The article argues that, at least in this type of interpretation: (a) unlike in classical physics and relativity, the role of consciousness is irreducible in quantum experiments insofar as our conscious decisions determine the course of future events, rather than merely allow us to follow what would happen regardless of such decisions; and (b) that, as a consequence, the workings of temporality require a radical reconsideration in quantum theory, even as against but consistently with relativity and the character of temporality and causality there.
Update on Sex-Role Stereotyping in Elementary Mathematics Textbooks.

awareness of sexism in the curriculum (Frazier 1973) and the numerous articles on sex-role stereotyping in elementary textbooks prompted me to take a close look at some elementary mathematics series myself. Since I had immediate access to them, I examined two sets of elementary mathematics texts, kindergarten through grade six, both with 1974 copyrights. I am pleased to report that my examination of these books indicates that apparently an all-out effort has been made to eliminate the sexist bias and offensive sex-
Organoid optimization: Engineering a better cell therapy to treat type 1 diabetes

Islet organoids reaggregated in endothelialized collagen constructs improve engraftment and function in the subcutaneous space in diabetic mice.
A simulated patient study to assess referrals to abortion care by student health centers in Pennsylvania.

Abstract Objective To determine college health centers’ referral patterns for students seeking induced abortion. Study design We conducted a cross-sectional simulated patient study at 4-year colleges in Pennsylvania between June 2017 and May 2018. A researcher posing as a student seeking abortion referral contacted student health centers twice during the course of the study using a structured script, once as a minor (under 18 years), and once as an adult. The primary outcome was “direct referral”, defined as a referral to an abortion provider. We measured proportions of student health centers who provided no referral, “indirect referral” (referral to a non-specific provider), and “inappropriate referral” (referral to a non-abortion provider). We analyzed the relationship between the proportion of direct referrals and minor status of the caller as well as college characteristics (religious affiliation, location, student body mean income, and size). We included variables found to be significant as covariates in a generalized linear model that accounted for the cluster of multiple calls to each institution. Results We attempted contact with 115 institutions, once as a minor and once as an adult, resulting in 202 successful contacts. Direct referral was the most common outcome (49.5%), followed by inappropriate referral (33.7%) and no referral (21.8%). The proportion of direct referrals given to minors was similar when compared to adults (48.0% vs 52.0%, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.47–1.42). Religiously affiliated institutions were less likely to provide a direct referral than non-religiously affiliated schools (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75). With each increase in students’ household income tertile, health centers were more likely to provide a direct referral (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42). Conclusions Half of college student health centers in Pennsylvania do not provide direct abortion referrals, and many provide inappropriate referrals. Student health centers at religiously affiliated institutions and those with poorer students are less likely to provide direct abortion referrals. Implications Student health providers should inform themselves about fake health clinics and local abortion providers. Colleges should train staff, create accurate resources and define clear policies around referral. Professional and policymaking organizations should affirm the duty of all college health centers, regardless of religious affiliation, to provide abortion referrals.
UBe 13 and U 1−x Th x Be 13 : Unconventional Superconductors

UBe13 was the second discovered heavy fermion superconductor, and numerous pieces of evidence exist that imply that it is an unconventional (non-BCS s-wave) superconductor. Exhibiting even more signs of unconventional superconductivity, Th-doped UBe13 is perhaps the most puzzling of any of the unconventional superconductors. This review considers both the parent, undoped compound as well as the more interesting U1−xThxBe13. After summarizing the rather thorough characterization—which because of the interest in these compounds, has continued from their discovery in 1983 and 1984 to date—these properties are compared with a recent ‘template’ for determining whether a superconductor is unconventional. Finally, further experiments are suggested.
SleepApp: Providing Contextualized and Actionable Sleep Feedback

Most commercial sleep sensors typically rely on population-level data and focus on recommendations based on objective metrics such as sleep duration or sleep efficiency. However, there is inter-individual trait-variability to sleep and people's sleep habits are individualized. To prompt users to adopt habits that improve sleep health, meaningful sleep feedback must not only provide evidence of how users' behaviors affect their sleep quality, as objectified by some of the metrics, but also show how carry-over effects of sleep affect daytime cognitive function. In this paper, we propose and validate an approach that combines both subjective and objective measures of sleep, accounting for a person's lifestyle and ties it to meaningful and measurable carryover effects such as daytime alertness and working memory. Our approach is based on the medical community's Ru-SATED framework, which characterizes sleep through six dimensions: Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency and Duration. Using data collected by a smart phone app: SleepApp, with a suite of ecological momentary assessment tests from 9 participants over 14 days, we demonstrate how sleep health can be contextualized to the individual lifestyle and actionable feedback can be generated. In a follow up survey with 57 respondents, we show how the actionable feedback generated by SleepApp can encourage in users the intent to make adjustments to their sleep habits that may impact their daytime cognitive function
Also see the archival list of Science's Compass: Enhanced Perspectives APPLIED PHYSICS:Enhanced: The Maser at 50

In 1954, the first device demonstrating "microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation" was demonstrated. Fifty years on, some masers are widely used as amplifiers and high-stability oscillators. Other, more novel maser designs are enabling fundamental studies of quantum mechanics and are providing sensitive tests for quantum gravity theories. In his Perspective, Walsworth reviews these recent developments. In a related Perspective, Claussen reviews the discovery and study of naturally occurring masers in astronomical objects such as star-forming regions.
Unified Mechanism for Sclerotization of Insect Cuticle

Publisher Summary The integument, the outer layer of the insect comprising the epidermis and the cuticle, is primarily responsible for the great success of insects as terrestrial animals. With regard to its rigidity and hardness, the cuticle not only supports the various body parts but also provides protection to the insect by restricting water loss and preventing invasion by foreign organisms. Hardened cuticle does not permit increase in body size or changes in forms therefore, insects during their life cycle, shed their old cuticle several times, and synthesize new ones that are soft and flexible initially to allow for expansion, but subsequently harden to a tough exoskeleton by a process known as tanning or sclerotization. Essentially, sclerotization protects eggs, egg cases, larval cuticle, pupal and puparial cuticle, and adult cuticle of insects. This chapter describes the recent advances in insect cuticular sclerotization. The three major mechanisms of cuticular sclerotization include: (1) Quinone tanning mechanism, (2) β -sclerotization, and (3) Quinone methide sclerotization. The discovery of quinine isomerase and quinone methide isomerase has resulted in the unification of these three different mechanisms into a single interlinked pathway.
Testing adaptive probabilistic software components in cyber systems

This paper addresses improved principles for verification and validation to establish confidence in robustness of adaptive software systems, to include uncertainty with respect to cyber environment and dynamics of internal system configuration. It applies to component based systems with probabilistic decision making at multiple levels and bridges the gap between checking the correctness of a single component and validating systems composed of many components.
The Validity of the Action Taken with Respect to Greenland in 1941

THE so-called "Greenland Agreement" was signed by the United States Government and by M. de Kaufmann, the Danish Minister to the United States, on April 9, 1941.1 Under this agreement, the United States Government obtained defensive bases in Greenland and undertook to assist that island in the maintenance of its existing status until such time as the dangers to the American Continent arising from Hitler's war of conquest shall have passed. The validity of this agreement, together with the action taken thereunder by the United States Government, is open to some question, particularly at first glance. First, the Danish Government never vested any authority in M. de Kauffmann to cede any of the national territory. Secondly, the agreement was not at any time ratified by the competent Danish authorities. These points, and others of less importance, have been raised in an interesting article by a learned authority on international law.2 It is conceded that there is not, under normal circumstances, any authority in ambassadors or ministers to cede national territory. It is also conceded that such an agreement would normally require the ratification of the home government, even if the authority to sign such an agreement had been granted. However, it is believed that once the agreement an daction are viewed, not as isolated transactions, but as part of a series of related events, their validity will become apparent. Henrik de Kauffmann was recognized by the United States Government as the accredited representative of Denmark on August 26, 1939. On April 9, 1940, the territory of Denmark was invaded by Germany without warning and in flagrant disregard of international law.3 The invasion of Denmark by Germany was merely one of a series of acts by that state which destroyed or threatened to destroy every vestige of international law on the Continent of
Teaching Neoliberalism, in the Context of Corporate Reform, in the Undergraduate Social Foundations Classroom.

This article presents an autoethnographic and theoretical reflection on my justifications for the use of neoliberal deconstruction in the undergraduate social foundations classroom.1 I engage the reader in a discussion concerning the need to make neoliberal agendas, as they pertain to corporate reform in education, salient to students. Further, I argue that cognitive apprenticeship is necessary to “help students map their own dialectics into thinking about their future practice as educators.” I share the integral elements of the cognitive apprenticeship undertaken in the course: “three prongs of foundational thinking,” four key conceptual frames for neoliberal deconstruction and associated foundational readings, and two representative assignments to illustrate the type of scaffolding offered to help education students move past naive and complacent interpretations of current corporate reforms. My reflections rely on my teaching experience, in-class observations, assessment of students' work, and overarchi...
Gender Differences in Sexuality: Perceptions, Myths, and Realities

Couples and family counselors may be faced with cases of sexual and relationship difficulties that are caused, or at least exacerbated, by client perceptions and beliefs as to how men and women dif...
A multidimensional approach to seismic event depth estimation

Abstract In this paper, several methods for estimating the hypocentral depth of a seismic event are presented. These methods have been primarily used for estimating the time differences between the P and pP phases, but have also been successfully used in measuring time differences between arrivals of other phases. These individual estimates are then combined into a single estimate, with associated statistics, which can be compared with the depth estimate obtained from the standard hypocenter calculation that is derived from P phase travel time residuals. The results presented here were obtained from our investigation into several versions of the cepstral technique, a unique stacking procedure relying on previous events, a spiking-filter, and the utilization of results from a worldwide network in an effective combination.
Photoperiod Regulates Flower Meristem Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Photoperiod has been known to regulate flowering time in many plant species. In Arabidopsis, genes in the long day (LD) pathway detect photoperiod and promote flowering under LD. It was previously reported that clavata2 (clv2) mutants grown under short day (SD) conditions showed suppression of the flower meristem defects, namely the accumulation of stem cells and the resulting production of extra floral organs. Detailed analysis of this phenomenon presented here demonstrates that the suppression is a true photoperiodic response mediated by the inactivation of the LD pathway under SD. Inactivation of the LD pathway was sufficient to suppress the clv2 defects under LD, and activation of the LD pathway under SD conditions restored clv2 phenotypes. These results reveal a novel role of photoperiod in flower meristem development in Arabidopsis. Flower meristem defects of clv1 and clv3 mutants are also suppressed under SD, and 35S:CO enhanced the defects of clv3, indicating that the LD pathway works independently from the CLV genes. A model is proposed to explain the interactions between photoperiod and the CLV genes.
Evaluation of speech-communication trends.

T h e conceptual focus of speech studies has changed from a traditional emphasis on speech performance skills (e.g., public speaking, oral interpretation, discussion and argumentat ion) to an interdisciplinary approach to cornrnunicat ion behavior (Kibler & Barker, 1 9 6 9 ) . The new look, labeled "speech-communication," is much more concerned with theories of communication performance ( W e l d e n & Ellingsworth, 1 9 6 9 ) and with the methodological contributions of the social sciences than were traditional speech programs (Rider , 1968). Since the transition f rom "speech" to "speech-communication" has been abrupt a t t h e University of Hawaii , t he Arts and Sciences Curr icul i~m Commit tee a t tempted to assess student attitudes toward changes in the program. Specifically, t he purpose of [he present study was to compare the attitudes of speech majors wi th nonspeech majors o n a set of broad evaluation components. METHOD Ss were 374 smdents enrolled in 25 speech-communication courses at the University of Hawaii. Introductory courses were excluded since it was felt Ss at this level would be unable to respond meaningfully to the issues of the questionnaire.' The final version of the A & S Speech-Communicatio7t Surtiey contained 27 items, each scored along a 5-point scale of endorsement ( 1 = "strongly disagree," 5 = "strongly agree"). Items covered a wide spectrum of issues related to program differences (e.g., contribution to verbal communication, value to non-majors, emphasis on public speaking, perception of department orientation, contribution of the humanities, etc.). Scores for each S were intercorrelated and the resultant 27 X 27 matrix factor analyzed. An initial inspection of the eigenvalues indicated eight factors with "latent roots greater than 1.0." However, an application of the scree rest (Cattell, 1966) declared three factors as a more reasonable and parsimonious solution. Squared multiple Rs were inserted in the principal diagonal as communality estimates and three factors extracted. Orthogonal rotation was employed using the Varimax procedure (Kaiser, 1958).
Diagnosis, management, and prevention of catheter-related infections

Abstract The use of long-term central venous catheters, including Hickman and Broviac catheters and implantable ports, offers many advantages to immunocompromised children and those with chronic diseases. However, these advantages are not without increases in morbidity. The 2 main complications are thrombosis and infection, which are related in that thrombosis often predisposes the patient to infection. The experience with long-term central venous catheters during the past 15 years has resulted in the improved diagnosis, management, and prevention of infections. Approximately three-fourths of the superficial and septic infections associated with these catheters can be managed successfully without removal of the catheter. This review presents guidelines for and pitfalls to avoid in the management of catheter-related infections. Strategies for prevention, such as device selection and maintenance regimens, also are included. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Population Invariance in Equating and Linking: Concept and History

The concept of invariance in equating and linking is traced from the 1950s to the present. A number of research studies that examined population invariance are reviewed. Theory and research suggest that linkings other than equatings are population dependent. Theory also indicates that equatings are population dependent, although when test forms are built to detailed tables of content and statistical specifications and alternate forms are very similar to one another, the research suggests that equatings might be approximately population invariant. Suggestions are made about further research that should be conducted on methodology for examining population invariance and on empirical research to better understand the conditions under which equatings are sufficiently population invariant for practical purposes.
Provenance of the Gueydan Formation, south Texas: Implications for the late Oligocene—early Miocene tectonic evolution of the Trans-Pecos volcanic field

Coarse fluvial deposits of the Soledad Member of the Gueydan Formation were derived from the Trans-Pecos volcanic field (TPVF), but the proportions of clast types in the deposits do not match present outcrop abundances in the TPVF. Basalt and mafic trachyte are most abundant in Soledad conglomerate and sandstone, durable trachyte forming the largest clasts. In contrast, the surviving remnant of the TPVF is dominated by silicic lava and tuff. The basaltic and trachytic clasts most closely resemble rocks within some of the younger (∼32-27 Ma) units in the Davis, Chinati, and Bofecillos mountains of the TPVF. Our data suggest that these and similar units were much more widespread at the time of Gueydan deposition and were largely stripped from the TPVF during erosion (1-2 km). Gueydan deposition may have been associated with regional uplift of the TPVF accompanying the onset of Basin and Range extension. This uplift would have provided the steep gradient necessary to transport coarse detritus from the TPVF to the Gulf Coast. Basin and Range extension eventually disrupted the course of the ancestral Rio Grande-Rio Conchos, thereby cutting off the supply of volcanic detritus and ending Gueydan deposition.
Prospective predictors of urinary continence after anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy: a multivariate analysis

The aim of this work was to evaluate variables that predict time to pad-free urinary continence after anatomical radical prostatectomy (ARP). Sixty consecutive prostate cancer patients who underwent ARP by one surgeon were studied. Pad-free urinary continence was prospectively determined by patient interviews and confirmed on physical examination and by the urinary domain of the Extended Prostate Inventory Composite (EPIC) Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire. A time-dependent Cox multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine which variables significantly correlated with time to pad-free urinary continence. Increasing prostate size (cc), increasing prostate urethral length (cm) and surgical technique (wide excision of the neuro-vascular bundle) correlated with a significantly (P<0.05) prolonged time to achieve pad-free urinary continence. In conclusion, prostate size and surgical technique were the most useful variables in predicting time to pad-free urinary continence after ARP.
Gender and vascular reactivity.

Estrogen receptors are found on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells; their expression is influenced by exposure to the hormone. Estrogen receptors influence non-genomic events, which are r...
Probing the local structure and the role of protons in lithium sorption processes of a new lithium-rich manganese oxide

Lithium exchange mechanisms, local structure, and its possible evolutions on lithium extraction and reinsertion are studied in Li1.6Mn1.6O4, a new lithium-rich manganese oxide showing improved lithium sorption. The parent Li1.6Mn1.6O4 and its lithium-extracted and lithium-reinserted forms are characterized by X-ray absorption (EXAFS and XANES) and incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) spectroscopies. Lattice hydroxyl groups are detected in the lithium-extracted sample; the chemical reinsertion of lithium removes most of the hydroxyl groups, but some protons remain in the structure mainly as structural water. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the manganese K-edge indicates a local spinel structure of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 with manganese in oxidation state 4+. The structural arrangement and Mn oxidation state remain unchanged when lithium is extracted and reinserted. The lithium sorption occurs by Li+/H+ ion exchange process, as for Li1.33Mn1.67O4, the previously considered end member of the Li1+xMn2-xO4 spi...
Phase instabilities and carbon additions in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys

Abstract The phase stability of a number of experimental single-crystal nickel-base superalloys with elevated levels of rhenium, tungsten and tantalum (Ta) has been studied. Carbon additions of 0.1 wt.% were found to enhance the phase stability of the as-cast alloys, with respect to inhibiting the formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases. In addition to forming a variety of primary Ta-rich MC carbides upon solidification, intentional carbon additions also affected the segregation behavior of the constituent refractory elements. Comparison of experimentally measured distribution coefficients assessed via application of a Scheil-type analyses revealed reduced segregation of the refractory elements associated with precipitation of TCP phases in the carbon-containing alloys.
Numerical Study of Freestream Hot-Spot Perturbation on Boundary-Layer Receptivity for Blunt Compression-Cones in Mach-6 Flow

This paper presents the direct numerical simulations (DNS) of transient flow under the effect of interaction between freestream hotspot perturbation and bow-shock on Purdue’s blunt compression cones in Mach-6 freestream by using shock-fitting method. The flow conditions that are used in the simulations are the same as Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet tunnel (BAM6QT) in Purdue University, and the comparison of the simulation results with Purdue’s laser-spot wind-tunnel experiment results is expected. The geometric design of the blunt compression cones creates an adverse pressure gradient along the cone wall in streamwise direction, hence, the laminar-turbulence transition takes place at a shorter streamwise distance when comparing to the blunt straight-cones. The detailed analysis of the mechanisms of receptivity and instability are carried out based on the simulation results. Particularly, the instability of the second mode in boundary layer along the compression cone wall in streamwise direction is investigated.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome : A rare cause of disseminated microvascular thrombotic injury-a case report with pathological and molecular correlative studies

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a severe and rare variant of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) characterized by acute multiorgan failure due to small vessel thrombi in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. We report a fatal case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a young woman with a history of polymyositis and Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was admitted to hospital because of severe foot pain following several weeks of skin ulcerations. Doppler ultrasonography showed evidence of arterial ischemia of the both lower extremities. Despite anticoagulation, immunosuppression, plasmapheresis and antibiotic therapy, she developed cutaneous gangrene, retroperitoneal hematoma, ileus, and acute respiratory and renal failure that resulted in death. Autopsy showed multifocal vascular injury and microthrombi with associated hemorrhages and infarcts in multiple organs. The patient had normal levels of functional protein C and protein S and a normal level of plasma homocysteine. Tests for common thromophilic gene mutations including prothrombin 20210, factor V Leiden 1691, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase 677 were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first CAPS patient with molecular studies for genetic prothrombotic mutations. Our report showed that there was no association between the development of CAPS and inherited thromophilia.
Antigenic stimulation of lymphocytes. I. Calorimetric exploration of metabolic responses.

Abstract The rate of evolution of beat, an index of overall metabolic activity, has been measured for lymphocytes undergoing simple culture as well as in the presence of the specific antigen, DNP-BSA (dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin), of the mitogenic lectin Con A (concanavalin A), and of inhibitors of various aspects of cell culture. Unstimulated lymphocytes evolve heat initially at a decreasing rate which stabilizes after 3 days of culture. Cells stimulated with antigen increase thermogenesis after 2 days of exposure to a maximum at 4–5 days, on a schedule that parallels increases in DNA synthesis. Cells stimulated with Con A show early increases in heat output which precede the onset of increased DNA synthesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis alone does not significantly inhibit heat output, whereas inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis has a profound effect, as does interference with the structure of microfilaments with cytochalasin B. The completely synthetic multivalent high molecular weight antigen, PEO-DNP 80 (dinitrophenylated polyethylene oxide) is capable of abolishing the response of the cells to DNP-BSA and to Con A as well as of directly inhibiting the output of heat by the cells.
Crossmodal projections from somatosensory area SIV to the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (FAES) in Cat: further evidence for subthreshold forms of multisensory processing

To date, evaluation of the neuronal basis for multisensory processing has focused on the convergence pattern that provides excitation from more than one sensory modality. However, a recent study (Dehner et al. in Cereb Cortex 14:387–401, 2004) has demonstrated excitatory–inhibitory multisensory effects that do not follow this conventional pattern and the present investigation documented a similar example of subthreshold cross-modal effects. Neuroanatomical tracers revealed that pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory area SIV project to the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (FAES), but subsequent electrophysiological tests showed that stimulation of SIV failed to elicit the expected orthodromic responses in FAES. Instead, combined auditory–SIV stimulation significantly suppressed FAES responses to auditory cues in approximately 25% of the neurons tested, and facilitated responses in another 5%. These modulatory responses in auditory FAES were similar in kind to those observed in somatosensory SIV and, as such, comprise further evidence for subthreshold forms of multisensory processing in cortex. Consequently, it seems likely that subthreshold cross-modal effects may impact other apparently ‘unimodal’ areas of the brain.
Privatisation, Domestic Marketisation and International Commercialisation of Higher Education: vulnerabilities and opportunities for Chile and Romania within the framework of WTO/GATS

This chapter explores the processes of privatisation of higher education in Chile (after 1981) and Romania (after 1989), focusing on the emergence of private institutions, the expansion in enrolments in these institutions, and the relative increase in private sources of funding for the post‐secondary sub‐sector. Attention is also given to related trends in higher education in these two countries: domestic marketisation (a strengthening of an orientation toward selling programmes/commodities to students/consumers within the country) and international commercialisation (an expansion of initiatives by domestic and foreign institutions to provide distance education, study abroad/exchange, and foreign site‐based degree programmes). Of importance to an understanding of globalisation, these two societies, which at the time exhibited similar economic systems but had different political systems and were situated in different regional contexts, experienced remarkably similar processes of and outcomes from privatisa...
Control of Oocyte Development in Cockroaches.

Development of ovarian eggs and secretory activity of colleterial glands are inhibited by the ootheca in the oothecal chamber of Blattella germanica (L.) and by the ootheca in the uterus of Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.). The inhibition is due to nervous stimuli from pressure of the ootheca. Removing the ootheca or severing the ventral nerve cord eliminates inhibition of the corpora allata and results in premature development of the oocytes and resumption of activity of the colleterial glands.
Cerebellar hemorrhage in the term neonate: Developmental and neurologic outcome

To elucidate the effects of cerebellar hemorrhage on the term neonate, neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted at a mean age of 32 months on six children. In addition to cerebellar hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly was present on each subject's initial computed tomographic scan. All were managed without surgical evacuation. Two patients required shunts for progressive ventriculomegaly. Five patients had follow-up computed tomography indicating mild atrophy of the superior anterior vermis of the cerebellum; however, none had abnormal ventricular size or abnormalities of the cerebrum. On detailed examination conducted between the ages of 18 and 48 months, five had hypotonia, truncal ataxia, and intention tremor; two had nystagmus. Only one patient walked independently. Intellectual performance of four patients was within the retarded range and two had mildly delayed development. Two patients had markedly disordered expressive language. These data suggest that term neonates surviving cerebellar hemorrhage have neurologic deficits related to the site of hemorrhage, and cognitive deficits related to more generalized cerebral insult.
Defining the autonomy gap: When expectations do not meet reality in the operating room

Objective To develop operative independence with essential procedures by the end of their training, residents need graded autonomy as they progress through training. This study compares autonomy expectations, as defined by faculty and residents, with autonomy measured in the operating room. Methods Operative procedures performed by general surgery residents between November 2012 and June 2013 were each assigned an autonomy score by the operating attending physician using a previously described rating scale (Zwisch). Scores range from minimum autonomy, “show and tell,” to maximum autonomy, “supervision only.” Autonomy expectations were defined by a survey asking faculty and residents what autonomy-level residents should achieve during each year of training for each of the 10 most commonly performed procedures. Faculty expectations, resident expectations, and actual operating room autonomy data were compared using analysis of variance with post hoc analysis by Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results A total of 1467 operative cases were scored using the Zwisch scale over the period of the study. The 10 most common procedures accounted for 56.3% (827) of the cases. Resident and faculty expectations of resident operative autonomy were similar. For only laparoscopic cholecystectomy, residents expected significantly more autonomy than the faculty did during the junior years but they agreed with the faculty for the chief year. When expectations were compared with actual performance, the resident autonomy level achieved was significantly less than that expected by residents or faculty or both for all 10 procedures in at least one postgraduate level. For every procedure performed more than 5 times during the study period by postgraduate years 3 to 5 residents, autonomy was significantly less than expected. Conclusions Surgical faculty and residents had similar expectations for resident operative autonomy, yet actual resident performance failed to achieve those shared expectations for even the most common procedures. This autonomy gap provides more evidence for concerns about the preparedness of graduating residents for independent practice.
The Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine: a collaborative approach to Department of Defense-relevant research.

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in the most severe survivable war injuries ever seen in prolonged conflict. The Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM) was conceived as a way to deliver solutions to the existing gaps in military trauma care. The AFIRM is a collaborative effort between the Department of Defense, academia and private industry to accelerate the development of critically needed technology for the treatment of severely wounded warriors, and to restore to meaningful form and function those who have followed orders into harm’s way.
Aerosol Optical Thickness Measurement with Elevation-Scanning Lidar

AbstractHigh-accuracy measurement of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) τa with an elevation-scanning lidar is demonstrated and the results are compared with a collocated Cimel 318 sun photometer. Linear regression of the time-coincident data from a 2-week measurement campaign with the two instruments is found to be τalidar = (1.00 ± 0.17)τaphot + (0.025 ± 0.019) (1σ). The method proved to have sufficient accuracy to measure AOTs of 0.1–0.2 commonly seen in relatively clear atmosphere. The measurement is absolute and thus does not depend on any external calibration standards.
Phytochemical investigation of Adenium obesum forskal (apocynaceae): Isolation and identification of cytotoxic agents

An ethanol extract of Adenium obesum exhibited cytotoxic activity against the human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx test system. Constituents in the active extract were identified as the cardenolides somalin, hongheloside A, 16-acetylstrospeside, and honghelin and the flavonol 3,3′-bis(O-methyl)quercetin. Their identities were proven by IR, UV, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry; elemental analyses; preparation of derivatives; and melting-point determinations. An inactive triterpene, dihydroifflaionic acid, and an inactive flavonol, 3-O-methylkaempferol, also were isolated and identified.
The role of worldviews in health disparities education.

Worldviews are sets of beliefs and assumptions that express how cultures interpret and explain their experience. Worldview has been a useful explanatory construct in the social science literature, but has been used less often in the context of human health. Reducing and ultimately eliminating the negative role that health care providers play in producing health disparities will require a cultural change. Here I posit that “worldview” is a critically important concept for health disparities education that overtime will serve to transform the culture of health care professionals toward a more self-reflective, humble, and open-minded posture.
High-resolution VUV spectrometer with multichannel detector for absorption studies of transient species.

A new high-resolution VUV spectrometer is demonstrated for applications in the 40–900-A wavelength range. The instrument is comprised of a laser-plasma VUV source, which provides continuum background illumination, 1.5-m grazing incidence spectrometer, and a 1024-channel VUV optical multichannel analyzer (VUV-OMA). The VUV-OMA is of new design, featuring a special resolution enhanced channel electron multiplier array in an overall configuration chosen to optimize the spatial resolution of the detector while maintaining single-photoelectron sensitivity.
A lost LNG-IUP in the bladder.

The intrauterine pessary (IUP/IUD) with a pearl index of 0.16–3 is one of the safest temporary contraception methods. It can easily be inserted in an outpatient setting with little or no pain or discomfort (best before ovulation or during menstrual periods). The German Association of O&G (DGGG) recommends an ultrasound check 4–6 weeks after insertion [1]. Penetration of the IUP into the uterus is a long-known risk and occurs in 0.05 and 13/1,000 in copper IUD [2] and in at least 2.6/1,000 for LNG-IUD [3]. Usually the ‘missing strings’ are a sign for a ‘lost’ IUP. In most cases, the strings slipped into the uterus and the device can easily be removed. If it cannot be visualised intrauterine, an abdominal X-ray helps the surgeon to find it. A 47-year-old GII PII (29 C/S) was presented to our clinic with dysuria for 2 weeks and persistent hypermenorrhagia under LNG-IUP treatment. The IUP insertion had been without painful complications 4 weeks prior. The urine sample contained erythrocytes and nitrate was negative. Besides that the routine laboratory results were normal. The ultrasound showed a normal uterus, ovaries and empty bladder. The IUP could not be visualised intrauterine. With the diagnosis of the ‘lost IUP’ the patient underwent an abdominal X-ray (Fig. 1). There it was localised in the lower lateral line of the pelvis. A correlation to the
Airborne endotoxin in woodworking (joinery) shops.

Symptoms such as shortness of breath and cough have been noted in woodworking facilities even where wood dust itself is well-controlled. Suspicion has fallen on other possible contaminants in the workplace atmosphere, including bacterial endotoxin. A few studies have indicated potentially high endotoxin exposure with exposure to fresh wood in sawmills and in the production of fiberboard and chipboard, but fewer studies have been carried out on exposure to endotoxin in dry wood work, for example in joineries. A study of the endotoxin content of airborne wood dust samples from US woodworking facilities is presented, from the re-analysis of samples which previously had been taken to establish mass collection relationships between the IOM sampler, the closed-face 37 mm plastic cassette (CFC) sampler and the Button sampler. Endotoxin was strongly correlated with total dust, but the endotoxin content of a few fresh wood samples was found to be up to ten times higher per unit of wood dust than for dried-wood samples, and this difference was significant. No long-term time-weighted average sample exceeded the recommended limit value of 50 EU m−3 (EU, endotoxin units)used in the Netherlands, although a number of the IOM samples came close (seven samples or 44% exceeded 20 EU m−3) and one short-term (48 minute) sample registered a high value of 73 EU m−3. The geometric mean concentration from the IOM samples (11 EU m−3) is within the range of geometric means found from Australian joineries (3.7–60, combined: 24 EU m−3). In contrast, the corresponding values from the CFC (3.6 EU m−3), and the Button sampler (2.1 EU m−3) were much lower and no samples exceeded 20 EU m−3. Endotoxin is likely only to be a significant problem in working with dried woods when associated with very high dust levels, where the wood dust itself is likely to be a cause for concern. The results from the few samples in this study where fresh wood was being worked were similar to results from other studies involving fresh woods. The agreement between these studies is encouraging given the difficulties of endotoxin analysis and the wide variation often expected between different laboratories.
Advancing the frontiers of soil science towards a geoscience

The visions, directions, and images of soil science are changing. Historically, soil science has followed a circuitous path in its evolution from a discipline with foundational roots in geology, to an applied agricultural and environmental discipline, and now to a bio- and geo-science through the Earth's Critical Zone investigations. This closes the loop or spiral, but along the way, soil science has become more comprehensive, extensive, integrative, analytical, and quantitative. In spite of the challenges described in this paper, now is a golden era for soil science to integrate its expertise more closely with other bio- and geo-sciences. This will significantly enhance the opportunity to obtain extramural funding and public support, as well as the advancement of soil science. As such, soil science needs to vigorously become more interactive and extend its role beyond traditional agriculture. The knowledge of spatial soil diversity and landscape dynamics is a fundamental underpinning critical to the success of this venture. Pedology, as a unique subdiscipline of soil science, contributes inordinately to Earth science, including, for example, elucidation of field variability, surficial weathering processes, Earth system dynamics, and vadose zone flow and transport. With the blooming of hydrogeosciences, hydropedology is a timely addition in this era of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and systems approaches for developing comprehensive prioritization of science and applications in Earth science. Hydropedology has a niche in this march with other bio- and geo-sciences in addressing global Earth science priorities. Soil scientists support changing paradigms and favor closer linkages with the bio- and geo-sciences community. In this regard, hydropedology has a unique role to play.
Radiationless transitions in monocyclic diazines

Abstract It is shown that the fluorescence and intersystem crossing in monocyclic diazines originate from the second excited singlet state (S 2 ). The occurrence of these phenomena is justified on the basis of the slow S 2 → S 1 internal conversion resulting from the low density of states.