cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low density lipoproteins and mitogenic signal transduction processes: role in the pathogenesis of renal disease.

Abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observed in patients with chronic renal disease. Specifically, hyperlipidemia and the glomerular deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins (e.g., Low density lipoprotein, LDL; and its oxidized variants) are implicated in key pathobiological processes involved in the development of glomerular disease, including stimulation of monocyte infiltration into the mesangial space, mesangial cell hypercellularity, and mesangial extracellular matrix deposition. This review discusses recent understanding of glomerular mitogenic responses, intracellular signaling events associated with mesangial hypercellularity in renal diseases, and the participation of cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins in intracellular signaling pathways involved in mesangial cell proliferation. Generally, the mitogenic intracellular signaling pathways are regulated by the activation of series of transmembrane and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that converge into the activation of Ras and down-stream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). Activated MAP kinase, through translocating into the nucleus and the activation of various transcription factors and protooncogenes, regulate cell proliferation. The importance of mitogenic intracellular signaling in mesangial proliferative disease has only recently been recognized and showed that the activation of MAP kinase and/or cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinases play crucial role in different phases of cell growth cycle and hypercellularity of glomerular cells in various experimental renal diseases. Using glomerular mesangial cells as an in-vitro model system, studies from our laboratory indicated that the accumulation of LDL and more potently its oxidized forms within the glomerulus, through the activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGF receptor), activate Ras and MAP kinase signaling cascade leading to DNA synthesis and subsequent mesangial cell proliferation. These data suggest that atherogenic lipoproteins may act as one of the major endogenous modulators for mitogenic signaling response and cell proliferation within the glomerulus. It is reasonable to speculate that the correction or reduction of hyperlipidemia, glomerular lipid deposition, and the pro-oxidative milieu within the glomerulus, through the inhibition of mitogenic signaling events, may provide protective environment against mesangial hypercellularity and subsequent matrix deposition, and the progression of renal disease.
Current and future directions in adjuvant combined-modality therapy of rectal cancer

Standard adjuvant therapy for transmural (T3) and/or node-positive rectal cancer is pelvic radiation therapy plus fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Randomized trials are in progress to help determine the ideal chemotherapeutic agents and their optimal routes of administration in this setting, as well as to compare the efficacy and functional results of the pre- and postoperative bolus 5-FU/leucovorin combined-modality therapy approaches. New phase I trials will determine the recommended doses of tegafur and uracil (UFT) with oral leucovorin plus pre- or postoperative radiation therapy.
Using Live-Cell Markers in Maize to Analyze Cell Division Orientation and Timing

Recently developed live-cell markers provide an opportunity to explore the dynamics and localization of proteins in maize, an important crop and model for monocot development. A step-by-step method is outlined for observing and analyzing the process of division in maize cells. The steps include plant growth conditions, sample preparation, time-lapse setup, and calculation of division rates.
Configuring Virtual Private Networking

Virtual private networks (VPNs) securely tunnel traffic between two sites over a public network such as the Internet. VPNs are commonly used to connect branch offices, mobile users, and business partners. Connecting private networks or hosts by securely tunneling through a public network infrastructure has both commercial and practical applications. VPNs can connect branch offices, mobile users, and business partners. VPNs ensure confidentiality and authentication. VPNs provide a number of solutions, including economical connectivity between offices (using site-to-site VPNs) and the ability to provision connections quickly. Remote access VPNs provide connectivity for mobile workers or telecommuters, allowing them to securely gain access to their home network, regardless of where they are or how they connect. The PIX firewall supports both site-to-site and remote access VPNs using IPsec. VPNs can be very complicated, and a single connection might be implemented using a combination of many protocols that work together to provide tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control, and auditing. This chapter shows how to configure VPNs on the PIX firewall. It configures site-to-site VPNs using IPsec and IKE with preshared keys and digital certificates. The PIX firewall can act as a concentrator for terminating Cisco software VPN clients for remote-access VPNs.
Drilled Shafts in Rock: Analysis and Design

Drilled shafts in rock are widely used as foundations of heavy structures such as highway bridges and tall buildings. Although much has been learned about the analysis and design of drilled shafts in rock, all the major findings are published in the form of reports and articles in technical journals and conference proceedings. This book i
THE LAW OF INITIAL VALUE

This chapter discusses the history of the law of initial value (LIV), the theory of vagotonia (eppingerandhess), general considerations regarding LIV, Weber–Fechner's law and the LIV, paradoxic and absent reaction, the theories of the law of initial value, and the Pavlovian theory. The LIV refers exclusively to the response of the organism to one and the same dose of one and the same stimulus. A different stimulus and different doses may have different effects qualitatively and quantitatively. The LIV deals with one principle of self-maintenance as observed in living organisms. The LIV deals with responses. A response is a change from the pre-experimental condition. The law does not deal with the condition of the organism following the change. It refers to the process or rather progress of change itself. The LIV includes the claim that initial value (IV) is a very important factor in determining the outcome of an organismic reaction. It does not claim that the IV is the only determining factor. Other factors enter into play too, some known, some remaining unknown.
Renin-angiotensin system transgenic mouse model recapitulates pathophysiology similar to human preeclampsia with renal injury that may be mediated through VEGF.

Using a transgenic cross, we evaluated features of preeclampsia, renal injury and the sFlt1/VEGF changes. Transgenic hAGT and hREN, or wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were cross-bred: female hAGT × mal...
Neuromodulation with percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation is associated with reduction in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: a multisite, retrospective assessment.

ABSTRACTBackground: Finding an effective, non-pharmacological approach to treat opioid withdrawal could remove some of the barriers associated with pharmacotherapy. The BRIDGE® is a noninvasive, percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulator developed to target pain. Objectives: This pilot study aimed to determine (1) the effects of the BRIDGE on withdrawal scores during the induction phase of opioid withdrawal therapy, (2) the percentage of subjects who successfully transitioned to medication assisted therapy (MAT). Methods: Adult patients treated with the BRIDGE during medically supervised withdrawal were included in this open label, uncontrolled, and retrospective study. The clinical opioid withdrawal scale (COWS) scores were prospectively recorded at different intervals (20, 30, and 60 min) and analyzed retrospectively. A subset of patients had scores recorded 5-days post-BRIDGE. Those who returned to the clinic and received their first dose of maintenance medication were considered to be successfully...
Influence of Active Layer on Separation Potentials of Nanofiltration Membranes for Inorganic Ions.

Active layers of two fully aromatic and two semi-aromatic nanofiltration membranes were studied along with surface charge at different electrolyte composition and effective pore size to elucidate their influence on separation mechanisms for inorganic ions by steric, charge, and dielectric exclusion. The membrane potential method used for pore size measurement is underlined as the most appropriate measurement technique for this application owing to its dependence on the diffusional potentials of inorganic ions. Crossflow rejection experiments with dilute feed composition indicate that both fully aromatic membranes achieved similar rejection despite the differences in surface charge, which suggests that rejection by these membranes is exclusively dependent on size exclusion and the contribution of charge exclusion is weak. Rejection experiments with higher ionic strength and different composition of the feed solution confirmed this hypothesis. On the other hand, increase in the ionic strength of feed soluti...
Perspectives on transitions in schooling and instructional practice

With a focus on transitions in schooling and instructional practice, one would be justified in expecting this book to be an interdisciplinary publication, as transitions are not a field of their own. Rather, researchers in a variety of educational domains–both subject area specialities (e.g., science) and interdisciplinary fields (e.g., educational leadership)–address these topics in their work. Compiling a collection of essays on such a broad topic would understandably be a challenge for any scholar. While the editors did an admirable job with this difficult task, the resulting publication is not without concerns. The editors of this book, Susan E. Elliott and Daniel H. Jarvis, are professors in the Schulich School of Education at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario, Canada, and research literacy and mathematics education, respectively. The editors’ research areas and a geographic focus in Canada are reflected in the composition of the book’s chapters. Specifically, this 527-page edited book is comprised of 19 chapters written by 26 authors, as well as an Introduction and a Coda written by the editors. Although the book’s description depicts the authors as international experts, the authors only represent four countries–Australia, Canada, Singapore, and the United States–three of which are culturally very similar. The majority of the contributors are Canadians writing about research in Canadian (more specifically, Ontario) contexts. While this geographic focus is not a problem as such, the description of the book as containing chapters by international experts seems a bit misleading. The chapters are grouped into four sections based on chronological transitions in schooling, which are Part I: Early Years (Home/Preschool/Kindergarten) to Early Elementary (Grades 13); Part II: Early Elementary (Grades 1-3) to Late Elementary (Grades 4-8); Part III: Late Elementary (Grades 4-8) to Secondary (Grades 9-12); and Part IV: Secondary (Grades 9-12) to Postsecondary (College/University). The chapters are unevenly distributed among the four sections, with four, five, seven, and three chapters, respectively. The inclusion of seven chapters about the elementary to secondary school transition is understandable, given its focus in the extant body of literature. However, the dearth of chapters on the secondary to postsecondary school transition was rather surprising, as a great deal of research exists regarding this particular transition in schooling. For example, a search of the ERIC database for “transition to university/college/postsecondary” results in approximately 8,000 results. As will be discussed, one of the chapters in Part IV did not address the secondary to postsecondary school transition, resulting in only two topic-specific chapters, which seems mismatched when compared to the
Locating black queer TV: Fans, producers, and networked publics on YouTube

Abstract— For black creators, television remains an elusive yet illustrious art form. Corporate television networks have restricted access to black writers, limiting black representations. However, through a more open distribution system on the Internet, black writers have expanded the art of television, producing stories in a wider range of genres through a variety of intersectional identities and intersecting art forms. Here we interrogate indie black cultural production to first locate how writers queer traditional television production. We then examine how audiences form counterpublics to read and respond to these works in comments and on blogs. We engage a broad array of popular indie series whose creators span identities and whose narratives span genres, including the black queer and lesbian dramas Between Women (2011–present) and No Shade (2013–2015) as well as the comedic black gay pilots Twenties (2013) and Words with Girls (2012–2014). We explore how and why producers conceived of these series alongside how viewing publics interpreted and consumed them. To varying degrees, these series queer not only the norms of television production and form but also of viewership and audience response.
PVDF/PPy nanofibrous membranes for peripheral nerve lesion treatments

Peripheral nerve lesion treatments attract extensive attention. One of the most promising treatments is guidance scaffold. It promotes cell adhesion and proliferation and their axonal growth to distal stump. PVDF was chosen as the scaffolding material due to its flexibility and piezoelectric effect. Several researches showed that PVDF membrane was capable of stimulating nerve tissue regrowth. For the tissue growth, a uniform growth is needed for some case. However, PVDF based membrane promote the localized tissue growth due to the fact that charge generated by piezo effect is dependent on the stress, which is not uniform. Here, a new membrane based on core-shell structure is prepared. The core-shell structure utilized PVDF as the core and conductive polymer, PPy, as the shell. Therefore, charge generated by piezo effect at one location can redistribute through surface of membrane. Coaxial electrospinning was utilized to form two types of flexible PVDF/PPy core-shell nanofibrous membranes, random fiber (RF) and aligned fiber (AF). AF was achieved by a rotating collector. This structural anisotropy leads to conductivity in certain direction and also promotes cell regeneration along axonal direction. To achieve optimized result, different specimens were fabricated using different concentration of PPy or PVDF. Morphologies of the specimens were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope.
Baculovirus Molecular Evolution via Gene Turnover and Recurrent Positive Selection of Key Genes

Hosts and viruses are locked in an evolutionary arms race. Hosts are constantly evolving to suppress virulence and replication, while viruses, which are reliant on host machinery for survival and reproduction, develop counterstrategies to escape this immune defense. Viruses must also adapt to novel conditions while establishing themselves in a host species. Both processes provide strong selection for viral adaptation. Understanding adaptive evolution in insect viruses can help us to better understand adaptive evolution in general and is important due to the use of these viruses as biocontrol agents and for protecting ecologically or economically important species from outbreaks. Here we examine the molecular evolution of baculoviruses and nudiviruses, a group of insect-infecting viruses with key roles in biocontrol. We looked for signatures of selection between genomes of baculoviruses infecting a range of species and within a population of baculoviruses. Both analyses found only a few strong signatures of positive selection, primarily in replication- and transcription-associated genes and several structural protein genes. In both analyses, we detected a conserved complex of genes, including the helicase gene, showing consistently high levels of adaptive evolution, suggesting that they may be key in antagonistic coevolution to escape host suppression. These genes are integral to the baculovirus life cycle and may be good focal genes for developing baculoviruses as effective biocontrol agents or for targeting baculoviruses infecting ecologically relevant species. Recombination and complex genomes make evolution in these double-stranded DNA viruses more efficient than that in smaller RNA viruses with error-prone replication, as seen via signatures of selection in specific genes within a population of baculoviruses.IMPORTANCE Most viral evolutionary studies focus on RNA viruses. While these viruses cause many human and animal diseases, such studies leave us with a lesser understanding of how DNA viruses adapt to hosts and how the host responds to these pathogens. In this paper, we focus on the evolution of baculoviruses, a group of insect-infecting DNA viruses, many of which have been used in biocontrol. We find that most of the genome is under purifying selection, with only a few key genes evolving adaptively. Our results provide a glimpse into how DNA viruses differ from RNA viruses in their evolutionary dynamics and identify genes that are key to DNA virus adaptation, improving our understanding of how this group of pathogens evolves.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Microbubble based contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enables the visualization of vascularity given the tendency of microbubbles to function as a blood pooling agent. Using contrast specific ultrasound (US) imaging, it is possible to quantify the kinetics of these agents and derive various perfusion metrics. In this ongoing clinical study, we evaluate the feasibility of using these microbubble based contrast agents (CA) to develop qualitative and quantitative measures of perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CEUS imaging may provide information about kidney perfusion that will aid in early diagnosis, disease progression and response to therapy. Patients (n = 63) with CKD and 3 healthy controls were imaged using CEUS. Imaging was performed on a Sequoia 512 (Siemens Healthcare) by trained sonographers using a 4C1 transducer (1–4 MHz). Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging) was administered to the patient as a continuous IV infusion based on recommended dosage guidelines. Multiple sequences of microbubble flash-replenishment were used to generate signal intensity versus time (TIC) curves for specific regions of interest (ROIs). Maximum intensity projections (MIPs) and perfusion maps were also generated based on flash-replenishment cine sequences. Flow rate (β) based on the slope of the TIC was compared with CKD staging to study the correlation between the metrics. Preliminary evaluation of the perfusion maps showed a marked difference between the healthy controls and CKD patients. Significant correlations (r2=0.20, p=0.03) and (r2=0.16, p<0.01) were found between β and CKD stage by selecting ROIs defined by the whole kidney and in the parenchyma respectively. In this preliminary study, CEUS of CKD patients is shown to be feasible and is able to generate quantitative metrics of perfusion. The diagnostic accuracy of these metrics is yet to be determined.
Chest wall dose reduction using noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc radiation therapy for lung stereotactic ablative radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) to lung tumors close to the chest wall can cause rib fractures or chest wall pain. We evaluated and propose a clinically practical solution of using noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc radiation therapy (VMAT) to reduce chest wall dose from lung SABR. Methods and materials Twenty lung SABR VMAT plans in which the chest wall volume receiving 30 Gy or higher (V30) exceeded 30 mL were replanned by noncoplanar VMAT with opposite 15° couch kicks. Dosimetric parameters including chest wall V30 and V40; lung V5, V10, V20, and mean dose; Paddick high-dose conformity index; intermediate-dose conformity index; and monitor units (MU) for each plan were used to evaluate the plan quality. The treatment time was also estimated by delivering the entire treatment. Two-sided paired t test was used to evaluate the difference of the dosimetric parameters between coplanar 1 arc (cVMAT1), coplanar 2 arcs (cVMAT2), and noncoplanar two arcs (nVMAT2) plans; differences with P Results V30 and V40 for chest wall were reduced on average by 20% ± 9% and 15% ± 11% (mean ± standard deviation) from cVMAT2 plans to nVMAT2 plans (P Conclusions We found that noncoplanar VMAT plans are feasible, clinically practical to deliver, and significantly reduce V30 and V40 of chest wall without increasing lung dose.
Fatty Acid Composition of Myelin Proteolipid Protein During Vertebrate Evolution

The hydrophobic myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) contains covalently bound long-chain fatty acids which are attached to intracellular cysteine residues via thioester linkages. To gain insight into the role of acylation in the structure and function of myelin PLP, the amount and pattern of acyl groups attached to the protein during vertebrate evolution was determined. PLP isolated from brain myelin of amphibians, reptiles, birds and several mammals was subjected to alkaline methanolysis and the released methyl esters were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. In all species studied, PLP contained approximately the same amount of covalently bound fatty acids (3% w/w), and palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and stearic acids were always the major acyl groups. Although the relative proportions of these fatty acids changed during evolution, the changes did not necessarily follow the variations in the acyl chain composition of the myelin free fatty acid pool, suggesting fatty acid specificity. The phylogenetic conservation of acylation suggests that this post-translational modification is critical for PLP function.
Global Chemical Erosion during the Cenozoic: Weatherability Balances the Budgets

The question addressed here is whether global chemical weathering and erosion rates have increased over Cenozoic time in response to uplift of the Himalayas.1–2 Chemical weathering of the continents is a process whereby carbonic acid (derived from the atmosphere or from soil respiration and decomposition) is consumed. Thus it represents a sink for atmospheric CO2 and provides one link between uplift and climate change. The prevailing hypothesis concerning the cause of the long-term cooling of Cenozoic climates states that as a result of increased rates of silicate weathering, atmospheric CO2 levels have fallen, the magnitude of the greenhouse effect has been reduced, and thus the globally averaged climate has cooled. Such a scenario is consistent with the secular record of seawater Sr isotopic composition preserved in carbonates1,3–6 (Fig. la), which becomes increasingly radiogenic with time through the Cenozoic. This trend implies a growing influence of continental weathering, relative to seafloor hydrothermal activity, on the Sr isotopic composition of seawater.7
Ein kurzer Streifzug durch mehr spezielle Gefilde der Vererbungslehre

Niemand wird erstaunt sein, zu horen, das es jenseits und uber den Grundtatsachen, die den Hauptinhalt dieses Buchleins ausmachen, eine hohere Vererbungslehre gibt, deren Einzelheiten nur dem ausgebildeten Gelehrten verstandlich sind, etwa genau so wie der Laie den Grundaufbau des Atoms verstehen lernen kann, aber verloren ist, wenn es zu solchen Einzelheiten kommt, die nur mathematisch formuliert werden konnen. Trotzdem wollen wir zum Schlus versuchen, wenigstens einige der Fragestellungen verstandlich zu machen, die den Vererbungsforscher heute beschaftigen und zu deren Losung er seine Versuche anstellt.
Occupational Licensure: From Barbers to Accountants and Physicians, Influences on Professional Practice in the United States

This paper examines mandatory occupational licensure in several professions from barbers, cosmetologists, radiologic technicians, CPAs, mid-level healthcare providers, and physicians. Mandatory licensure is cited as a mechanism for serving the public interest by assuring professionals possess the requisite knowledge, skill, and competence to provide safe high quality services. Mandatory licensure also creates barriers to entry in the profession, decreases market supply, increases wages, restricts mobility, and limits consumer choice and accessibility to services. Alternative mechanisms for assuring professional competency include the use of brand names, endorsements by professional organizations, and third-party certification. Brand names play an important role in consumer choice. Those entities that have built a strong brand name associated with high quality and trustworthiness have strong incentives to maintain high levels of knowledge, skill, and competence without regulatory oversight. Endorsements by reputable non-regulatory associations such as the AMA or the AICPA which require members to demonstrated defines standards of professional practice can serve as an important source of information about practitioner competence and aid in the consumer decision-making process. Non-governmental third party entities such as Consumer Reports or U.S. News and World Reports are highly respected and utilized certifiers of competency and quality. In the absence of mandatory licensure, other credible third-party certifying institutions would rise up and provide unbiased assessments of the services provided by professionals. There are effective alternatives to mandatory licensing that service the public interest with fewer barriers to occupational practice and greater choice and less cost to the consumer.
Immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but other mycobacterial species may produce an indistinguishable or closely similar disease in man. Tuberculosis was recognized by early physicians such as Hippocrates, and archeological studies indicate that man has been afflicted by this disease for many thousands of years. Although almost any organ may be affected, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of clinical disease.
Determination of heavy metals in municipal sewage plant sludges by neutron activation analysis

Research is presented which deals with the use of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) to scan sewage sludges for their trace metal content. Of special interest are the metals Hg, Se, Cr, Sb, Co and Fe which are highlighted in sludges from six North Carolina cities that represent the spectrum of rural to heavily industrialized pollution sources. Trace metal content variations and possible meanings for these variations are presented along with the precision and potential of NAA for trace metal scanning.
A Dual Anti-Tumor Effect of a Combination of Interferon-α and 5-Flurouracil or 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine on Natural Killer (NK) Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity

Interferon (IFN)-α is now widely used in the treatment of a number of specific neoplasms, such as hairy cell leukemia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (1,2). However the therapeutic effects of IFNs are still rather limited and the success in the treatment of other cancers has not been great. One possible approach to improving the efficacy of IFN treatment is to combine it with the use of chemotherapeutic agents, such as purine and pyrimidine analogs. Preliminary data indicates that a combination of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) and IFN-α is clinically relevant (3–9), and this combination has been used in the treatment of colon cancer and renal carcinoma with some success (10–12). 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) was reported recently to be an effective agent in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (13,14). However, there have been no reports of combining this drug with IFN.
Symptoms of eating disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective:this study was designed to explore potential overlap of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders
Initial Management of Sciatica

Since in early times sciatica was attributed to evil spirits, treatments such as chants, rituals and back manipulations were designed to force out the evil spirits. Hippocrates and his followers used moderate therapeutic interventions for sciatica including heat, massage, bed rest, dietary alterations, and soothing music. Later physicians became progressively more aggressive in their therapies. In the seventh century, Paul of Aegina recommended burning the hip joint at three or four places if conservative management failed. In the early tenth century, the famous Persian physician, Rhazes, claimed to successfully treat 1000 cases of sciatica in Baghdad with prolonged bleeding of the lower extremity. Even with the improved understanding of sciatica mechanisms in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, aggressive treatments continued to be popular including counter irritants (brine, wet cupping, and blistering) and a long list of physical agents (hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ionic therapy, and even x-rays and radium as they became available). Only the rare patient survived treatment of sciatica unscathed.
TCO, a Putative Transcriptional Regulator in Arabidopsis, Is a Target of the Protein Kinase CK2

As multicellular organisms grow, spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression are strictly regulated to ensure that developmental programs are invoked at appropriate stages. In this work, we describe a putative transcriptional regulator in Arabidopsis, TACO LEAF (TCO), whose overexpression results in the ectopic activation of reproductive genes during vegetative growth. Isolated as an activation-tagged allele, tco-1D displays gene misexpression and phenotypic abnormalities, such as curled leaves and early flowering, characteristic of chromatin regulatory mutants. A role for TCO in this mode of transcriptional regulation is further supported by the subnuclear accumulation patterns of TCO protein and genetic interactions between tco-1D and chromatin modifier mutants. The endogenous expression pattern of TCO and gene misregulation in tco loss-of-function mutants indicate that this factor is involved in seed development. We also demonstrate that specific serine residues of TCO protein are targeted by the ubiquitous kinase CK2. Collectively, these results identify TCO as a novel regulator of gene expression whose activity is likely influenced by phosphorylation, as is the case with many chromatin regulators.
AB0356 Building a patient-centred cardiovascular risk reduction program for patients with inflammatory arthritis

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Objectives This study is the formative work to help design a patient-centred intervention for a CVD risk reduction program for patients with IA. Methods We conducted a qualitative study guided by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, placing special focus on knowledge about the relationship between arthritis and CVD as well as barriers and facilitators to receiving healthcare related to CVD risk such as screening and management for hyperlipidemia. Participants had to have either RA, PsA or AS and were recruited from a single academic centre. Data were analysed thematically. Results We conducted three focus groups with a total of 17 participants. Mean age of participants was 56 (SD ±7.7) years; 15 were women; 3 were on a statin; and 1 previously had a stroke. The majority of the participants were Five themes emerged: 1) Need for more information about IA and medications; 2) Lack of education about CVD risk and IA; 3) CVD risk reduction as an integrated lifestyle modification; 4) Uses for peer support around relevant CVD risk factor mitigation approaches; and 5) Improving doctor-patient communication about RA. The themes that emerged in our study showed that the majority of these IA patients were not aware of the relationship between CVD and IA, and were very interested in learning about IA, medication side effects, and prognosis of IA. These participants wanted to learn first about IA and, as a secondary goal, learn about their CVD risk in the context of their IA rather than as a new condition. Conclusions Providing a clear understanding about systemic effects of IA and how to treat it will be needed before focusing on CVD risk reduction. By doing so, there will be better opportunity for the CVD risk reduction program to succeed. Disclosure of Interest I. Navarro-Millan: None declared, S. Young: None declared, S. Shurbaji: None declared, C. McDavid: None declared, A. Cornelius-Schecter: None declared, B. Johnson: None declared, A. Cherrington Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingleheim, Consultant for: Novo Nordisk, Astra Zeneca, L. Fraenkel: None declared, J. Curtis: None declared, M. Safford Grant/research support from: Amgen, Inc
Does R&D Drive Growth

Theory holds that if firms have been investing optimally, then increases in R&D should decrease market value. However, a substantial empirical record demonstrates the opposite: increases in R&D increase firms’ market value. To resolve this puzzle we develop and validate an analytical model linking R&D to market value, and provide empirical evidence that R&D does indeed drive market value in the manner explicated by the theory. We further find that the stylized fact of market value increasing in R&D stems from substantial (68% of firms) underinvestment in R&D. For that subset of firms, increasing R&D brings them closer to optimal and accordingly increases their market value. However, for firms whose investment exceeds the optimum, increases in R&D decrease market value, as theory expects. The suboptimal investment appears due to the fact firms use industry rules of thumb rather than optimization to establish their R&D investment. They likely resort to these rules of thumb because they lack precise knowledge of their R&D productivity. Such lack of knowledge is not surprising given that neither of the leading academic measures of firms R&D productivity (patents or TFP) is consistent with all the model’s propositions.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of New Mexico

Abstract This article contributes to the Journal of Forensic Economics series on economic damages assessment in individual states by presenting the framework for calculating economic damages in per...
Enhancing Gender and Ethnic Representativeness of NCHA-II Data with Survey Weights: The Examples of Substance Use Prevalence and State Marijuana Legalization.

Objective: We evaluated how applying post-stratification sampling weights to National College Health Assessment II (NCHA-II) data affects estimates of substance use prevalence and tests of medical ...
Co-occurring Medical Disorders

Substance use can lead to significant medical consequences. Development of these associated diagnoses can be common or rare, and they can vary depending on substance used, frequency, duration, and individual vulnerability. This chapter is organized by substance class and affected organ systems that can vary by substance. These complications may be transient and resolve with substance cessation but can also be irreversible. Prognosis may not be dose-dependent. Some risks are associated with route of administration, independent of substance. Additionally, maternal-fetal risks are possible with complications ranging from low birth weight to fetal demise. By systematically reviewing physical effects of substance use, this structured framework will assist busy clinicians with patient care considerations.
A fully orthogonal system for protein synthesis in bacterial cells.

Ribosome engineering is a powerful approach for expanding the catalytic potential of the protein synthesis apparatus. Due to the potential detriment the properties of the engineered ribosome may have on the cell, the designer ribosome needs to be functionally isolated from the translation machinery synthesizing cellular proteins. One solution to this problem was offered by Ribo-T, an engineered ribosome with tethered subunits which, while producing a desired protein, could be excluded from general translation. Here, we provide a conceptually different design of a cell with two orthogonal protein synthesis systems, where Ribo-T produces the proteome, while the dissociable ribosome is committed to the translation of a specific mRNA. The utility of this system is illustrated by generating a comprehensive collection of mutants with alterations at every rRNA nucleotide of the peptidyl transferase center and isolating gain-of-function variants that enable the ribosome to overcome the translation termination blockage imposed by an arrest peptide. Ribosome engineering is an emerging powerful approach for synthetic protein synthesis. Here the authors invert the Ribo-T system, using the engineered ribosome to translate the proteome while the native ribosome translates specific mRNA.
A Neural Network-based Approach for Detection of Time Delay Switch Attack on Networked Control Systems

Abstract Recent improvements in communications have led to the proliferation of networked control systems (NCSs). NCSs are used to increase the efficiency and reliability of these systems. However, these connectivities between agents, sensors, and centralized controllers expose NCSs to a range of faults, failures, delays, and cyber-attacks. Detection of intelligent and new types of attacks such as time delay switched (TDS) attacks is a crucial task in the design of NCSs. The injection of the TDS attack to NCSs has the potential to provoke inefficiency or even cause instability in these systems. The TDS or delay signal attack influences the system by introducing a random delay in the process of transmitting and receiving packets. Due to the connectivity between agents, especially in distributed power grids, the injection of a TDS attack on one agent can propagate to others, which can lead to catastrophic consequences. This paper uses a neural networked-based detection algorithm to estimate the TDS attack in real-time. The performance of the proposed TDS attack detection and estimation are evaluated through simulation for two area power systems.
Moments of nucleon isovector structure functions in 2 + 1 + 1 -flavor QCD

We present results on the isovector momentum fraction, $⟨x{⟩}_{u\ensuremath{-}d}$, helicity moment, $⟨x{⟩}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}u\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}d}$, and the transversity moment, $⟨x{⟩}_{\ensuremath{\delta}u\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}d}$, of the nucleon obtained using nine ensembles of gauge configurations generated by the MILC Collaboration using $2+1+1$-flavors of dynamical highly improved staggered quarks. The correlation functions are calculated using the Wilson-Clover action, and the renormalization of the three operators is carried out nonperturbatively on the lattice in the ${\mathrm{RI}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\text{MOM}$ scheme. The data have been collected at lattice spacings $a\ensuremath{\approx}0.15$, 0.12, 0.09, and 0.06 fm and ${M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\approx}310$, 220, and 135 MeV, which are used to obtain the physical values using a simultaneous chiral-continuum-finite-volume fit. The final results, in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV, are $⟨x{⟩}_{u\ensuremath{-}d}=0.173(14)(07)$, $⟨x{⟩}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}u\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}d}=0.213(15)(22)$, and $⟨x{⟩}_{\ensuremath{\delta}u\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}d}=0.208(19)(24)$, where the first error is the overall analysis uncertainty and the second is an additional systematic uncertainty due to possible residual excited-state contributions. These results are consistent with other recent lattice calculations and phenomenological global fit values.
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor

Superficial cortical, benign glioneuronal neoplasms, WHO grade I, often associated with the long-standing history of refractory partial complex seizures. Characteristically uninodular or multinodular lesions accompanied by cortical dysplasia. Represents 12 and 13.5% of histologic findings in adults and children, respectively, receiving epileptic surgery.
PHENIX J/ψ Measurements in p+Al, p+Au, and 3He+Au collisions

Abstract Nuclear modification of charmonium in small systems is thought to be caused by a combination of initial-state effects in the charm quark production, such as depletion from gluon shadowing and Cronin enhancement, and final-state breakup through comoving particles. The timescale of a charmonium state to neutralize with respect to the duration of the charmonium crossing the nuclear media may also be relevant. The PHENIX collaboration measured J/ψ yields in p+Al, p+Au and 3He+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities (1.2
MAP-ing a way towards tissue repair

A microporous annealed particle biomaterial has been developed to induce an immune response that can enhance wound healing and tissue repair.
Rolling uphill: in vivo reacquisition of pluripotency during cranial neural crest differentiation.

Conrad Waddington famously used his epigenetic landscape to describe the paths a cell might take during developmental differentiation. In this analogy, the undifferentiated stem cell begins at the highest elevation and proceeds to tumble downward towards its final resting place, representing terminal differentiation. This general concept elegantly captures the essence of developmental transitions, but recent single-cell studies by Dr. Joanna Wysocka’s research group indicate that an alternative strategy underlies development of cranial neural crest cells. Published in Science, Antoine Zalc, Rahul Sinha and colleagues discovered that ectoderm-derived cranial neural crest cells undergo a developmental reprogramming event in vivo, expanding their differentiation potential through the reactivation of pluripotency, in effect rolling backwards up Waddington’s development landscape before eventually differentiating into mesenchymal lineages.
The Sacredness of Firstling Animals: Evolving Perspectives within Deuteronomy

Repeated and varied treatments of animal firstlings in Deuteronomy’s cultic laws (Deut 12:17–18; 14:23–26; 15:19–23) reflect a succession of attempts to place firstlings within Deuteronomy’s centralized cult. Based on comparison of Deuteronomy’s firstling regulations and informed by the history of their interpretation, this study reconstructs the process of amendment that produced this set of laws and places this process within the larger context of the legal hermeneutics of the Pentateuch.
Theory to practice: Prospective mathematics teachers’ recontextualizing discourses surrounding collective argumentation

Teacher education programs have a critical role in supporting prospective teachers’ connections between theory and practice. In this study, we examined three prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ discourses regarding collective argumentation during and after a unit of instruction addressing collective argumentation and ways they recontextualized their on-campus coursework (theory) into their student teaching (practice) as demonstrated by their support for students’ mathematical arguments during student teaching. Through a recursive process of coding data from interviews, reflections, and classroom discussions, we constructed descriptions of participants’ discourses about argumentation based in their coursework and identified three themes about collective argumentation in the prospective teachers’ discourses: the purposes of argumentation, the role of the teacher in argumentation, and characteristics of effective mathematical arguments. Analysis using extended Toulmin diagrams of classroom data from participants’ student teaching showed that these three interrelated themes were visible in the participants’ enactment of moves supporting collective argumentation. Our study opens spaces for future investigations into how teachers recontextualize their learning from coursework (theory) into their practice.
Relative Intensity Noise Characterization of a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency-Comb Symmetric Dual-Comb Spectrometer

We measure the relative intensity noise (RIN) of a symmetric Dual-Comb Spectrometer enabled by quantum cascade laser frequency-combs. The RIN of the maximum peak in the multiheterodyne spectra is mitigated from 5.2 ∗ 10 − 3 Hz − 1 2 to 2.2 ∗ 10 − 3 H z − 1 2 by performing digitally balanced detection between signal and reference channels.
IFT25 and IFT27 couple the BBSome to the IFT particle for maintenance of the ciliary signaling compartment

Defects in cilia formation lead to a wide range of structural birth defects. Most proteins of the Intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery –which is necessary for ciliogenesis- are highly conserved across ciliated species but IFT25 and IFT27 are absent from certain ciliated organisms suggesting that they may have a unique role distinct from cilia formation. To get better insight in their role in mammal development, we generated Ift25 and Ift27 null mice. Mutant mice die at birth with major developmental defects indicative of Hedgehog signaling dysfunction, but their cells are able to grow cilia. However, these cilia have defects in the signal-dependent transport of multiple Hedgehog components resulting in the accumulation of patched-1 and smoothened. Similarly smoothened accumulates in cilia on cells mutated for BBSome components or the BBS binding protein Lztfl1. Interestingly, the BBSome and Lztfl1 accumulate to high levels in Ift27 mutant cilia. Since Lztfl1 mutant cells accumulate BBSome but not IFT2...
Helium Conservation Using Solid Nitrogen

Although helium is still available in sufficient quantities to satisfy today’s demands, the supply is diminishing [1]. While recovery of evaporated gas in cryogenic applications can help significantly, techniques for reducing liquid helium requirements also should be explored. Several worthwhile practices already are widespread, for example, precooling with liquid nitrogen and the incorporation into experimental systems of devices which utilize the enthalpy of evaporated gas. An equally simple technique which has not been fully exploited is to extend the range of use of nitrogen or oxygen by pumping over the cryogen. By virtue of its lower triple point (54.363 K), oxygen is intrinsically the more useful refrigerant; however, nitrogen (with a triple point of 63.148 K) is often preferred because there is no risk of explosion while pumping.
The Process of Selecting the Proper Antiarrhythmic Treatment for Patients at High Risk of Sudden Death Following Myocardial Infarction

Post infarction sudden death, defined as death less than one hour from the onset of symptoms, is usually due either to primary ventricular fibrillation or fibrillation following unstable ventricular tachycardia. The majority of these sudden deaths occur within one year of the presenting infarction (1,2). Analysis of clinical variables and selected test data gathered at the time of admission for myocardial infarction easily identifies patients at high risk of sudden death (3–13). Recognizing this, the clinician is faced with selecting an antiarrhythmic agent for the post infarction patient prior to hospital discharge. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the process of selecting the proper antiarrhythmic agent for patients at high risk of sudden death following myocardial infarction.