cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New On-the-Fly Sampling Method for Incoherent Inelastic Thermal Neutron Scattering Data in MCNP6

At thermal energies, the scattering of neutrons in a system is complicated by the comparable velocities of the neutron and target, resulting in competing upscattering and downscattering events. The neutron wavelength is also similar in size to the target's interatomic spacing making the scattering process a quantum mechanical problem. Because of the complicated nature of scattering at low energies, the thermal data files in ACE format used in continuous-energy Monte Carlo codes are quite large { on the order of megabytes for a single temperature and material. In this paper, a new storage and sampling method is introduced that is orders of magnitude less in size and is used to sample scattering parameters at any temperature on-the-fly. In addition to the reduction in storage, the need to pre-generate thermal scattering data tables at fine temperatures has been eliminated. This is advantageous for multiphysics simulations which may involve temperatures not known in advance. A new module was written for MCNP6 that bypasses the current S(α,β) table lookup in favor of the new format. The new on-the-fly sampling method was tested for graphite for two benchmark problems at ten temperatures: 1) an eigenvalue test with a fuel compact of uranium oxycarbide fuel more » homogenized into a graphite matrix, 2) a surface current test with a \broomstick" problem with a monoenergetic point source. The largest eigenvalue difference was 152pcm for T= 1200K. For the temperatures and incident energies chosen for the broomstick problem, the secondary neutron spectrum showed good agreement with the traditional S(α,β) sampling method. These preliminary results show that sampling thermal scattering data on-the-fly is a viable option to eliminate both the storage burden of keeping thermal data at discrete temperatures and the need to know temperatures before simulation runtime. « less
Anti-heparin activity of erythrocyte hemolysate.

Summary1. Erythrocyte hemolysate possesses anti-heparin activity that can correct the prolonged thrombin time and impaired prothrombin consumption of heparinized blood. This makes erythrocyte hemolysate a useful reagent to detect heparinemia and to permit the evaluation of plasma clotting factor activities in heparinized blood. 2. Erythrocyte hemolysate also produces some shortening of the thrombin time of plasma not containing added heparin.
Linker-Based Control of Electron Propagation through Ferrocene Moieties Covalently Anchored onto Insulator-Based Nanopores Derived from a Polystyrene–Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer

This paper reports the effects of linker length on electron propagation through ferrocene moieties covalently anchored onto insulator-based cylindrical nanopores derived from a cylinder-forming polystyrene–poly(methylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer. These nanopores (24 nm in diameter, 30 nm long) aligned perpendicular to an underlying gold electrode were modified via esterification of their surface COOH groups with OH-terminated ferrocene derivatives having different alkyl linkers (FcCO(CH2)nOH; n = 2, 5, 15). Cyclic voltammograms were measured in 0.1 M NaBF4 at different scan rates to assess the efficiency of electron propagation through the ferrocene moieties. The redox peaks of the anchored ferrocenes were observed at nanoporous films decorated with FcCO(CH2)15OH and FcCO(CH2)5OH, but not at those with FcCO(CH2)2OH. Importantly, the higher electron propagation efficiency was observed in the use of the longer linker, as shown by the apparent diffusion coefficients (ca. 10–12 cm2/s for n = 15; ca. 10–13 ...
Doping technology for RRAM — Opportunities and challenges

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM), one of the most promising candidates for next generation non-volatile memory technology, nowadays still faces a series of challenges including switching-parameter variability, cycling endurance, and data retention. In order to cope with these challenges, ionic doping techniques have been widely explored to achieve better performance and reliability, through fine-tuning the switching material properties. The major factors that potentially affect the forming characteristics of doped transition metal oxides were systematically evaluated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with experimental observations to address the opportunities and challenges in achieving tunable RRAM characteristics.
MO-D-BRC-03: Knowledge-Based Planning

Treatment planning is a central part of radiation therapy, including delineation in tumor volumes and critical organs, setting treatment goals of prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs, and finally generation of treatment plans to meet the treatment goals. National groups like RTOG have led the effort to standardize treatment goals of the prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs based on accumulated knowledge from decades of abundant clinical trial experience. The challenge for each clinical department is how to achieve or surpass these set goals within the time constraints of clinical practice. Using fifteen testing cases from different treatment sites such as head and neck, prostate with and without pelvic lymph nodes, SBRT spine, we will present clinically utility of advanced planning tools, including knowledge based, automatic based, and multiple criteria based tools that are clinically implemented. The objectives of this session are: 1. Understand differences among these three advanced planning tools 2. Provide clinical assessments on the utility of the advanced planning tools 3. Discuss clinical challenges of treatment planning with large variations in tumor volumes and their relationships with adjacent critical organs. Ping Xia received research grant from Philips. Jackie Wu received research grant from Varian; P. Xia, Research support by Philips and Varian; Q. Wu, NIH, Varian Medical
High-harmonic generation with an annular laser beam

High-order-harmonic generation in noble gas ions by focused laser pulses provides a potentially useful source of high-spectral- brightness, coherent, VUV emission. When a spatially Gaussian laser pulse is focused in the atomic medium, the harmonics are emitted collinearly with the laser and are centrally peaked, or at least uniform, around the laser axis.1-2 The presence of the intense laser accompanying the harmonic pulse limits the proximity of any material to the focus and requires a mechanism for separating the harmonic and laser beams. When using a grating spectrometer, the grating must be far enough away, and hence large enough, to avoid damage by the laser pulse. This places severe experimental constraints.
Impact modeling of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells: a heterogeneous approach

Abstract In this study, a heterogeneous finite element model was developed in LS-DYNA to investigate lateral impact on 6P cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells manufactured by Johnson Controls Inc. The results were compared to those from a homogenized model previously reported by the authors and also experimental data and showed a good agreement. In order to find the stress-strain curves needed for the finite element simulations, compression tests were conducted on stacks of jellyroll's individual layers, i.e. coated aluminum, coated copper and separator. It was found that the load carrying capacity of the jellyroll comes primarily from the coated aluminum layers. SEM images of the separator layers showed their trilayer structure and how they collapse under excessive compressive loads. Compression experiments were also performed on flattened jellyroll samples after being soaked in electrolyte for 24 h. The measured stress-strain relations showed a very good agreement with the results from a similar set of experiments on dry jellyrolls. This suggested that characterizing dry cells could predict how live cells would react under compression/crash tests without dealing with all the safety provisions needed for those experiments.
Static headspace analysis of odorants in commercial rice proteins

Accurate identification of the odor-contributing compounds in aqueous slurries of rice proteins is necessary to improve their overall flavor characteristics. The objective of this study was to identify the primary odorants in rice protein slurries using static headspace analysis. Five commercial rice protein (RP) products, RP-G, RP-O, RP-RM, RP-RS1, and RP-RS2, were analyzed. RP-G contained the lowest levels of most of the odorants. Acetaldehyde was present in the highest amount in RP-O (0.434mg/m3). RP-RM had the highest levels of hexanal (5.907mg/m3), methanethiol (0.138mg/m3), pentanal (1.575mg/m3), and 2-pentylfuran (5.702mg/m3). Corresponding odor values were, 111, 86, 22 and 21, respectively. In RP-RS1 and RP-RS2, the predominant odorants were dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and hexanal. The results showed the importance of the volatile compounds produced from amino acids, including the sulfur-containing compounds and acetaldehyde, as well as lipid oxidation derived odorants to the overall odor of rice proteins.
EFFECT OF DISTANCE ON THE MIGRATION OF PMN LEUKOCYTES UNDER AGAROSE TOWARDS CASEIN

The chemotactic index A/B from migration patterns checks well with the chemotactic index determined from the ratio of the relative percent absorbance due to the stained migrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the front of a well to the relative percent absorbance due to the strained random migrating PMN's on the rear of the well. An automatic computing densitometer used for determining the relative percent absorbance should become a valuable clinical instrument for determining chemotactic indices (CI.). The C.I.'s for PMN's from a healthy male produced a linear regression of C.I. on the distance from the chemoattractant casein. For wells close to the chemoattractant a beta distribution appears to fit the population distribution migrating towards the chemoattractant and an exponential distribution, the random migration.
The mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus (CCI-779) Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Autophagy in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Cell Lines and Enhances the Effect of the PI3-Kinase Inhibitor LY294002.

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in a variety of cancers giving hope that that this pathway may prove to be a good target for cancer therapy. We and others have recently reported that primary and cultured Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of HL express the active phosphorylated form of Akt (pAkt) which contribute to their survival. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that inhibition of PI3K by the small molecule LY294002 or Akt inhibition induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, at the present time there is no PI3K or Akt inhibitors in clinical trials. Instead, several inhibitors of the downstream mTOR kinase are already being evaluated in patients with cancer. Temsirolimus (CCI-779) is an mTOR inhibitor that demonstrated promising clinical activity in patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. To explore the potential clinical activity of Temsirolimus in HL, we examined its efficacy in HL-derived cell lines (HD-LM2, L-428, and KM-H2). Here, we demonstrate that CCI-779 inhibited mTOR, as evident by the inhibition of ribosomal S6 phosphorylation as early as 6 hours, with a dose as low as 1 nM. Temsirolimus induced antiproliferative cytostatic effect in the same dose (1nM) in all HL cell lines, and this effect did not improve with higher concentrations (up to 1000 nM). Furthermore, the effect was predominantly cytostatic with little or no induction of apoptosis. This antiproliferative effect was predominantly due to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, and was associated with upregulation of p27 cell cycle protein. Although temsirolimus did not induce apoptosis, it induced autophagy, as determined by Acridine Orange staining of the acidic autophagic intracellular organelles and FACS analysis. Combination of 1nM CCI-779 with increasing concentrations of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 showed a profound decrease in the IC50 of LY294002 in all 3 cell lines. Moreover, the combination of CCI-779 and LY294002 blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase more efficiently and significantly increased autophagic cells when compared with each agent alone, but failed to induce apoptosis. This effect was mediated in part by inhibiting a negative feedback loop involving AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, our data suggest that temsirolimus may have a therapeutic value in HL.
Acquired Cystic Disease-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: Review of Pathogenesis, Morphology, Ancillary Tests, and Clinical Features

Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is a recently described subtype of RCC found in individuals with ACD of the kidney. Because of underrecognition, information regarding this lesion is sparse but continues to accumulate with each new report. Herein, a thorough literature review amassing the current understanding of this unique neoplasm is presented. Discussion focuses on clinical features, pathogenesis, disease outcome, and relation to the duration of dialysis. The macroscopic and characteristic microscopic features are described with illustrations. Compared with previous opinion, compiled immunohistochemical data may now allow for recognition of a unique immunophenotypic pattern of ACD-RCC. Distinction of ACD-RCC from clear cell and papillary RCCs based on molecular genetic information is deliberated, including a summary of the most frequently detected cytogenetic abnormalities. The key morphologic and immunophenotypic patterns used to distinguish this entity from a comprehensive differential diagnosis are provided.
Characterization of a polymer, open-cell rigid foam that simulates the ultrasonic properties of cancellous bone.

Materials that simulate the ultrasonic properties of tissues are used widely for clinical and research purposes. However, relatively few materials are known to simulate the ultrasonic properties of cancellous bone. The goal of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using a polymer, open-cell rigid foam (OCRF) produced by Sawbones®. Measurements were performed on OCRF specimens with four different densities. Ultrasonic speed of sound and normalized broadband ultrasonic attenuation were measured with a 0.5 MHz transducer. Three backscatter parameters were measured with a 5 MHz transducer: apparent integrated backscatter, frequency slope of apparent backscatter, and normalized mean of the backscatter difference. X-ray micro-computed tomography was used to measure the microstructural characteristics of the OCRF specimens. The trabecular thickness and relative bone volume of the OCRF specimens were similar to those of human cancellous bone, but the trabecular separation was greater. In most cases, the ultrasonic properties of the OCRF specimens were similar to values reported in the literature for cancellous bone, including dependence on density. In addition, the OCRF specimens exhibited an ultrasonic anisotropy similar to that reported for cancellous bone.
The Phenotypic Effects of Exosomes Secreted from Distinct Cellular Sources: a Comparative Study Based on miRNA Composition

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Their molecular landscape is diverse, and exosomes derived from different cell types have distinct biological activities. Since exosomes are now being utilized as delivery vehicles for exogenous therapeutic cargoes, their intrinsic properties and biological effects must be understood. We performed miRNA profiling and found substantial differences in the miRNA landscape of prostate cancer (PC3) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 exosomes with little correlation in abundance of common miRNAs (R2 = 0.16). Using a systems-level bioinformatics approach, the most abundant miRNAs in PC3 exosomes but not HEK exosomes were predicted to significantly modulate integrin signaling, with integrin-β3 loss inducing macrophage M2 polarization. PC3 but not HEK exosomes downregulated integrin-β3 expression levels by 70%. There was a dose-dependent polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages toward an M2 phenotype when treated with PC3-derived exosomes but not HEK-derived exosomes. Conversely, HEK exosomes, widely utilized as delivery vehicles, were predicted to target cadherin signaling, with experimental validation showing a significant increase in the migratory potential of MCF7 breast cancer cells treated with HEK exosomes. Even widely utilized exosomes are unlikely to be inert, and their intrinsic activity ought to be assessed before therapeutic deployment.
A new approach for random key pre-distribution in large-scale wireless sensor networks: Research Articles

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), pre-distribution of secret keys is possibly the most practical approach to protect network communications. To meet the stringent resource constraints of the sensor nodes, key pre-distribution schemes should be highly efficient, require as little storage space as possible, and at the same time, maintain a strong security strength, that is, high resilience against node capture. In this paper, a new approach for random key pre-distribution is proposed to achieve both efficiency and security goals. The novelty of this approach lies in that, instead of using a key pool consisting of random keys, a key generation technique is carefully designed such that a large number of random keys can be represented by a small number of key-generation keys. Then, instead of storing a big number of random keys, each sensor node stores a small number of key-generation keys while computing the shared secret keys during the bootstrapping phase on the fly using the computationally efficient hash function. The proposed scheme outperforms the previous random key pre-distribution schemes in that it reduces the storage requirement significantly while holding the comparable security strength, as shown by our thorough analysis and simulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child Therapy Outcome Research

This chapter is divided into two major sections. In the first section, we present an overview of the breadth and results of child outcome research. In the second section, we focus on several priorities for future research and identify some exemplary studies that have addressed these priorities. Our general intent is to highlight the diversity of the large outcome literature that has been produced within the past 30 years, emphasize that child interventions have been successful, and identify some directions for future research.
Stretching Folding Twisting in the Driven Damped Duffing Device

The results presented here represent another step in our attempt to provide a topological understanding of the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. The conditions under which “bifurcation bubbles” exist for a dynamical system has always been a mystery. They occur, for example, in the driven Duffing oscillator. We began by computing the Relative Rotation Rates for the periodic orbits of the Duffing oscillator in order to determine the systematics of “bifurcation bubbles.” The systematics which we have discovered have led to an increased understanding of the mechanics responsible for the bifurcation phenomena seen in driven nonlinear oscillators. In particular, these phenomena can be classified as local bifurcation phenomena and global bifurcation phenomena in a natural way.
Silent infarct is a risk factor for infarct recurrence in adults with sickle cell anemia.

Objective Because of the high prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and lack of information to guide treatment strategies, we evaluated the risk of recurrent SCIs and overt stroke in adults with SCA with preexisting SCI. Methods This observational study included adults with SCA (HbSS or Sβ 0 thalassemia) aged 18 to 40 years. Participants received 3-tesla brain MRI and a detailed neurologic examination. Time-to-event analysis assessed those with or without baseline SCI and with new or progressive infarcts. The incidence rate of new events was compared by log-rank test. Univariable Cox regression assessed the association of SCI with infarct progression. Results Among adults with SCA with 2 MRIs and at least 6 months between MRIs (n = 54, mean interval = 2.5 years), 43% had SCI at baseline. Of participants with baseline SCI, 30% had new or progressive SCI over 2.5 years compared to 6% with no SCI at baseline; no participant had an overt stroke. New SCIs at follow-up were present in 12.9 per 100 patient-years with existing SCI compared with 2.4 per 100 patient-years without prior SCI (log-rank test, p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences were seen among those with or without baseline SCI in use of hydroxyurea therapy, hydroxyurea dose, or other stroke risk factors. The presence of SCI was associated with increased hazard of a new or progressive infarct (hazard ratio 5.27, 95% confidence interval 1.09–25.51, p = 0.039). Conclusions Silent infarcts in adults with SCA are common and are a significant risk factor for future silent infarcts.
Ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutations promote the open (off) to closed (on) transition and thereby increase miscoding.

Decoding is thought to be governed by a conformational transition in the ribosome-open (off) to closed (on)-that occurs upon codon-anticodon pairing in the A site. Ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutations increase miscoding and map to disparate regions, consistent with a role for ribosome dynamics in decoding, yet precisely how these mutations act has been unclear. Here, we solved crystal structures of 70S ribosomes harboring 16S ram mutations G299A and G347U in the absence A-site tRNA (A-tRNA) and in the presence of a near-cognate anticodon stem-loop (ASL). In the absence of an A-tRNA, each of the mutant ribosomes exhibits a partially closed (on) state. In the 70S-G347U structure, the 30S shoulder is rotated inward and intersubunit bridge B8 is disrupted. In the 70S-G299A structure, the 30S shoulder is rotated inward and decoding nucleotide G530 flips into the anti conformation. Both of these mutant ribosomes adopt the fully closed (on) conformation in the presence of near-cognate A-tRNA, just as they do with cognate A-tRNA. Thus, these ram mutations act by promoting the open (off) to closed (on) transition, albeit in somewhat distinct ways. This work reveals the functional importance of 30S shoulder rotation for productive aminoacylated-tRNA incorporation.
Development of an Outdoor Diesel Generator – PV Microgrid for Education and Research

This paper describes the hardware development of a microgrid facility which consists of a PV system, a diesel generator and an adjustable electric load, that can be operated either off-grid or on-grid. The system is intended for conducting experiments and tests related to microgrid issues, thus can be used for both education and research purposes. Several experiments are described including, generator dynamic response to load changes, Autonomous functions of advanced PV inverters, microgrid off-grid operation and transition from the grid.
TTR Gene Silencers for Hereditary ATTR Amyloidosis: More than ICER Recognized.

DISCLOSURES: No funding support was received for the writing of this commentary. The author ser ves as a consultant for Akcea Therapeutics, Alnylam Phar maceuticals, Corino Therapeutics, Intellia T...
The synthesis of N-aryl androsterone pyrazoles as aromatase inhibitors

Abstract N-aryl androsterone pyrazoles, which showed a good inhibitory activity against aromatasc, were synthesized.
Optimal pooling of renewable energy sources with a risk-averse approach: Implications for US energy portfolio

Abstract Tapping into a large amount of renewable generation considering the inherent variability of renewable energy sources (RES) can greatly increase the risk of supply and demand imbalances in electric power delivery. One of the major components of this risk is the intermittency of both wind and solar power generation. In this paper, we show that by strategically planning for geographical and technological diversification of renewable generation capacity it is possible to reduce such risk in a RES-only US energy portfolio. We consider wind and solar as the sole sources of generation and use risk-averse stochastic optimization with Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) to optimize energy generation locations and capacities in an idealized case study. The optimal RES portfolios demonstrate a significant improvement in generation profile compared to non-pooled or non-optimized alternatives. This confirms that with smart policy planning one can push the limits of the risk of imbalances in RES-only portfolios within continental United States, and highlights the need for system-wide thinking when designing a large-scale energy portfolio.
3D full-field biomechanical testing of a glenoid before and after implant placement

Abstract Loosening of the glenoid component is the most common cause of failure of total shoulder arthroplasty. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, mechanical factors are widely reported to play a key role in glenoid component loosening. In this study, mechanical testing coupled with micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) is performed to apply various physiologically realistic loads on a native and implanted glenoid. Digital volume correlation of micro-CT images is used to compute the 3D full-field deformation and strain inside the glenoid. The measured strain distributions are in good agreement with the analytical solutions of beam bending models, especially for anteriorly and posteriorly eccentric loadings. The effective moduli of the overall native and implanted glenoid were similar. However, under the same eccentric loading conditions, implanted glenoid exhibited a wider range of strain, because the placement of glenoid component increases the bending moment inside the glenoid. This proof-of-concept study provides a feasible and powerful method for the study of 3D full-field biomechanics in native and implanted glenoids.
ASSOCIATION OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY WITH NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES IN INFANTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have higher rates of neurodevelopmental impairment compared to healthy children. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to 60% of children after surgery for CHD. Kidney injury has been associated with lower academic achievement and worse neurodevelopmental
CHAPTER 3-7 – PROTONS BONDED TO ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON

Publisher Summary Protons attached to elements other than carbon fall into two broad classes, namely, the familiar OH, NH, and SH protons in alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, and thiols, and a large variety of protons attached to other elements in compounds that are generally not considered organic—for example, organometallics, pi-complexes, phosphine, and arsine derivatives. This chapter illustrates the chemical shifts of protons attached to elements other than carbon in common functional groups as well as the chemical shifts of NH protons in some miscellaneous compounds. Some meta-substituted phenols appear to exist in inert solvents in the form of stable dimmers, in a manner analogous to carboxylic acid dimers. The chemical shifts of both aliphatic and aromatic thiols, extrapolated to infinite dilution in carbon tetrachloride or chloroform, appear to be related to Hammett substituent constants and, in the aliphatic series, also to the number of α-carbon–carbon bonds.
18F labeling of cysteine containing peptides (RGD and Exendin-4) and protein (VEGF) with high yield and specific activity using tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation

188 Objectives The tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation has been developed as a novel 18F labeling method that proceeds with fast reaction rates without catalysis. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for 18F-lableing of free cysteines of peptide and protein based on sequential ligation with a bifunctional tetrazinyl-maleimide and an 18F-labeled trans-cyclooctene. Methods The newly developed method was tested for site-specific labeling of c(RGDyC), Exendin-4-SH, and VEGF-SH protein. The resulting 18F probes were tested in U87MG glioblastoma model, insulinoma mouse model, and normal nude mice. Results Starting with 4 mCi of 18F-trans-cyclooctene and only 10 μg of tetrazine-RGD (80-100 µM), 5µg of Exendin-4-SH (10µM), or 15 μg of tetrazine-VEGF (6.0 µM), 18F labeled RGD peptide (18F-TTM-RGD), Exendin-4 peptide (18F-TTM-Exendin-4) and VEGF protein (18F-TTM-VEGF) could be obtained within five minutes in 95%, 80%, and 75% yield, respectively. The specific activity of 18F-TTM-RGD was estimated to be approximately 3-6 Ci/µmol. The tumor uptake of 18F-TTM-RGD in U87MG tumor reached 1.98 ± 0.33, 1.80 ± 0.15, and 1.27 ± 0.33 % ID/g at 0.5, 1, and 2 h p.i., respectively. 18F-TTM-VEGF was mainly accumulated in kidneys, which correlated well with previous report. Conclusions A highly efficient method has been developed for site-specific 18F labeling of cysteine containing peptides and proteins. The special characteristics of the tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation provide unprecedented opportunities to synthesize 18F-labeled probes with high specific activity for PET applications
Ducking the Cold War Compulsions: The French‐Indian Quest for an Independent Nuclear Policy, 1950‐1983

France and India are not‐so‐strange bedfellows as they are often thought to be. The development of an early nuclear programme in both countries and the quest for an independent foreign policy amidst Cold War bloc rivalries had provided the rationale for collaboration quite early on. While post‐Second World War France was actively trying to shed its past of wartime humiliation, newly independent India had the colossal task of its postcolonial catch-up to accomplish. Both countries began their atomic energy programmes for explicitly stated peaceful purposes only, notwithstanding the shift thereafter. The assertion of strategic autonomy by France within the NATO, comparable to India’s policy of non‐alignment, coupled with France’s limited commitment to the non‐proliferation regime and its emergence as a powerhouse of nuclear technology, made Paris a respectable and a reliable partner in the eyes of New Delhi throughout the Cold War. French reactions to India’s peaceful nuclear explosion in 1974 stood out as the only ones coming from a Western power that were congratulatory in nature. Nuclear fuel and spare parts from France enabled India to continue operations in its Tarapur reactor in 1983 following American refusal to continue nuclear co‐operation with India without the latter’s adherence to full‐scope IAEA safeguards. Using documents from the French Diplomatic Archives and Joliot‐Curie archives at Institut Curie in France, the British National Archives and the Churchill College Archives in the United Kingdom and the TIFR archives and NMML archives in India, this paper reveals the proximity of French‐Indian nuclear relationship during the Cold War and how it enabled both countries to maintain their foreign policy independence vis‐a‐vis the US‐led nuclear non‐proliferation regime. This paper thereby sheds light on this rarely studied yet significant bilateral nuclear relationship, which emerged during the Cold War and has been burgeoning ever since.
Animal sciences undergraduate education since the ASAS centennial: a national survey and scoping review.

The rapid pace of advancement in animal sciences is drastically changing conditions for undergraduate teaching and learning in the discipline. Shortly after the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) centennial, we conducted a national survey of 90 faculty instructors from 49 academic institutions to assess their perceptions of emerging teaching topics. Participants rated 18 learning outcomes (LO) and 16 types of courses and experiences (CE) with respect to their importance and the adequacy of available offerings. This study presents the results of the survey along with a scoping review of animal sciences teaching and learning publications since 2008 (n = 71). Results indicated that discipline-specific competencies and core experiential learning remain central to animal sciences teaching and identified several distinct needs for research. Namely, we suggest that future research in animal sciences teaching and learning 1) develop animal-science-specific expertise on a greater variety of pedagogies, 2) validate improved methods for assessing transferable skills, 3) expand pedagogical knowledge of emerging topics (e.g., sustainability, data science, welfare science, social science), and 4) deepen and broaden animal sciences' teaching and learning identity through theory-building work and collaborations across instructors, disciplines, and institutions.
National Trends in Pediatric Facial Fractures: The Impact of Health Care Policy

Background Traumatic injuries are significant sources of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Using a national database, this study aims to characterize pediatric facial fracture management and the effect of health care policy changes on populations receiving treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database databases from 2000 to 2016. Pediatric patients admitted with a facial fracture diagnosis were included. Clinical outcomes include mortality, reduction of fracture during hospital stay, and open fracture reduction. The impact of the Affordable Care Act on patient demographics and management was assessed. Results Between 2000 and 2016, 82,414 patients were managed for facial fractures, 8.3 percent of whom were managed after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (n = 6841). Mean age was 15.2 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.9:1. Significant racial disparities were identified before the Affordable Care Act: African American and Native American patients had decreased odds of having facial fracture reduction during the initial hospital stay (OR, 0.84 and 0.86, respectively), and identifying as either Hispanic or Native American was associated with higher odds of mortality (OR, 1.4 or 2.4, respectively). Race was not contributory to patient mortality after the Affordable Care Act. Before Affordable Care Act implementation, patients receiving care with no charge (including charity care/charity research) had lower odds of having an open reduction or any reduction; insurance status was not contributory to management after the Affordable Care Act. Conclusion Although the Affordable Care Act may have increased access to care for certain populations, race- and sex-associated differences in mortality rate and fracture management should be further investigated to ensure a national standard of equitable patient care.
Identifying and Analyzing Systems Failures: An Interactive, Experiential Learning Approach to Quality Improvement for Clerkship-Level Medical Students.

Introduction Medical students are positioned to observe, document, and explore opportunities to improve patient safety and quality in their institutions. Medical schools are introducing quality imp...
The Roadmap to Early and Equitable Autism Identification.

* Abbreviation: ASD — : autism spectrum disorder It has been almost 2 decades since the first study documenting disparities in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was published.1 Although the prevalence of ASD has increased during this time,1 Black,2,3 Hispanic,4 and low-income children5 remain less likely to be identified early. In a recent study, researchers found that almost one-quarter of children with documented signs and symptoms of ASD are undiagnosed, a circumstance 1.7 times more likely for Black children and 1.6 times more likely for Hispanic children than for white children.6 The median age of diagnosis across groups is 52 months,1 well beyond the age at which ASD can be identified.7 As a result, many children are excluded from early ASD-specific interventions at a young age, when these secondary prevention interventions and related tertiary prevention activities that target ASD-related co-occurring conditions are most likely to be effective.8,9 Clearly, there is work to do to improve the equity of ASD diagnosis and to reduce the age of diagnosis. Developmental surveillance beginning in infancy and ASD-specific universal screening at 18 and 24 months are recommended by Bright Futures for inclusion as part of routine preventive care.7,10 In addition, public health campaigns, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Learn the Signs, Act Early,11 reach out to clinicians, families, and early child educators to promote the early recognition of developmental delay and ASD to encourage early identification and treatment. Despite these efforts, disparities in diagnosis and treatment remain. Although screening rates have increased, more than 1 in 4 pediatricians report that they do not regularly offer … Address correspondence to Kate E. Wallis, MD, MPH, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3550 Market St, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19147. E-mail: wallisk{at}chop.edu
M. Kordi Boroujeny and B.L. Mark, "A Framework for Providing Stochastic Delay Guarantees in Communication Networks," IEEE ICC 2021 Workshop on Time-sensitive and Deterministic Networking, Montreal, Canada, June 2021

The provisioning of delay guarantees in packet-switched networks such as the Internet remains an important, yet challenging open problem. We propose and evaluate a framework, based on results from stochastic network calculus, for guaranteeing stochastic bounds on network delay at a statistical multiplexer. The framework consists of phase-type traffic bounds and moment generating function traffic envelopes, stochastic traffic regulators to enforce the traffic bounds, and an admission control scheme to ensure that a stochastic delay bound is maintained for a given set of flows. Through numerical examples, we show that a stochastic delay bound is maintained at the multiplexer, and contrast the proposed framework to an approach based on deterministic network calculus.
Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA)'s Entry into the Retirement Market (CW)

This case examines Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA)'s decision to enter the retirement market with their new "Dimensional Managed DC" product, a complete retirement solution that aimed to provide investors with what they really wanted: the same standard of living in retirement that they had while working. The case considers the challenges of entering the fiercely competitive retirement market, introduces students to the large literature on the behavioral biases of individual investors, and asks students to evaluate an innovative new financial product designed to automate the process of retirement investing.
DMA and DMB are the only genes in the class II region of the human MHC needed for class II-associated antigen processing

Previous studies have shown that homozygous mutations between the LMP2 and DNA loci in the human MHC cause class II molecules to be abnormally conformed and unstable in the presence of SDS at low temperature, and impede class II-associated Ag processing and presentation. These abnormalities result from impaired ability to form intracellular class II/peptide complexes that predominate in normal cells. We show in this work that this defect results from deficient expression of either the DMA or the DMB gene. Human B-LCL.174 (DR3) cells, which have a deletion of all known expressible genes in the class II region, express transgene-encoded HLA-DR3, but have the abnormalities. Transfer of cosmid HA14, which contains the DMA and DMB genes, into .174 (DR3) cells restored normal DR3 conformation, stability in 0.4% SDS at 0 degree, and ability to process and present tetanus toxoid, but only when both DMA and DMB mRNAs were present. The requirement for both genetic expressions in engendering normal phenotypes was confirmed by transferring the cloned genes into .174 (DR3) cells separately or together. Because normal phenotypes were fully restored in transferent cells expressing DMA plus DMB, other genes in the approximately 1-mb homozygous class II region deletion in .174 (DR3) cells either do not participate in or are dispensable for apparently normal production of intracellular class II/peptide complexes. The properties of DM-deficient EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) suggest ways of identifying humans in whom DM deficiency contributes to congenital immunodeficiency and malignancy.
Accentuating the Positive: Recent “Uplifts” Reported by Nursing Home Residents

Abstract The primary aim of this manuscript is to present an in-depth description of perceived personally meaningful uplifts as reported by older adults in nursing home settings. In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, a sample (N = 93) of cognitively intact older adult nursing home residents reporting poor physical health and limited physical function described recent uplifts in response to an open-ended question. Study participants reported a mean number of 2.80 uplifts, and the mean intensity rating was 8.78 out of 10. The most frequently reported uplift categories were: (1) social/interpersonal (39.8%); (2) care-related/staff-related (10.4%); (3) activities (9.7%); and (4) religious/spiritual (6.9%). As the population of older adults continues to increase, the use of personally meaningful uplifts may be one mechanism that can enhance quality of life of older adults in nursing homes in a manner that is feasible, applicable across disciplines, and cost effective. Implications for assessment and inte...
Recent progress in the well-posedness of the Benjamin-Ono equation

In this note, I will describe some recent progress on the well-posedness theory of the Benjamin-Ono (BO) equation, one of the challenging, well-studied, but not completely understood, dispersive models in one space dimension. To put matters in perspective, I will start by describing the theory for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, another well-studied dispersive model, for which the wellposedness theory has been well-understood for some time. (For references for the results described here see [Bou93], [KPV93], [KPV96], [CCT03], [CKS03], [BP], [IK] and the references in those papers.) Both equations are completely integrable and possess infinitely many conserved quantities (for real-valued solutions, to which we will stick to from now on). Recall that { ∂tu+ ∂ xu+ u∂xu = 0 x ∈ R u|t=0 = u0 t ∈ R. (KdV)
Unveiling the tree: A convex framework for sparse problems

This paper presents a general framework for generating greedy algorithms for solving convex constraint satisfaction problems for sparse solutions by mapping the satisfaction problem into one of graph traversal on a rooted tree of unknown topology. For every pre-walk of the tree an initial set of generally dense feasible solutions is processed in such a way that the sparsity of each solution increases with each generation unveiled. The specific computation performed at any particular child node is shown to correspond to an embedding of a polytope into the polytope received from that nodes parent. Several issues related to pre-walk order selection, computational complexity and tractability, and the use of heuristic and/or side information is discussed. An example of a single-path, depth-first algorithm on a tree with randomized vertex reduction and a run-time path selection algorithm is presented in the context of sparse lowpass filter design.
A Functional Analysis of Retarded Development12

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a functional analysis of retarded development and discusses the retarded development through abnormal anatomical structure and physiological functioning, through inadequate reinforcement and discrimination histories, through contingent aversive stimulation, and through the reinforcement of aversive behavior. The retarded individual is analyzed as one, who has a limited repertory of behavior as a consequence of the organism–environment interaction that constitutes his history. The conditions of development derived from biological, social, and physical sources, and the behavior or learning principles that pertain to the way they enter into functional relationships are presented in the chapter in the light of the role of abnormal anatomical structure and functioning, inadequate reinforcement and discrimination histories, the consequences of contingent aversive stimulation, and reinforcement of aversive behavior. These are not the only interrelations that result in retardation. There are others, and they interact with each other in many complicated ways in the course of development.
High energy gamma-ray radiation above 300 keV associated with solar activity

The present status of our knowledge concerning the production of gamma-ray lines and continuum during the impulsive phase of solar flares is reviewed. Our data in this field is based solely on the OSO-7 observations made in 1972, August 4 and August 7. The experimental data will be reviewed. These observations along with theoretical work of Ramaty and Lingenfelter (1973a, b) and the charged secondary observations of the Chicago group (Anglin et al., 1973) lead to the investigation of different hypothetical models to explain the production of neutral and charged secondaries in the solar atmosphere. At the present time it is not possible to rule out the preflare and postflare accumulation models if all the data is considered. We will discuss the outstanding experimental questions to be answered in future investigations.
Variations in blood ATP after oral administration of glucose, in individuals diagnosed as normal, equivocal, or diabetic according to the glucose tolerance sum principle.

Blood adenosine triphosphate was determined for 35 individuals at various times after they had ingested glucose. They were divided into four groups, categorized according to the "glucose tolerance sum" principle as normal, equivocal, or abnormal. Patients showing glucose intolerance also had supranormal concentrations of ATP as compared to the fasting level. Data are presented which suggest that the increase in ATP is a regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion.
Modification of second-harmonic generation from SiO/sub 2/ - Si[001] surfaces due to ultrathin cr coatings

An ultrathin Cr coating layer on oxidized (with varying oxide thickness) Si(001) surfaces significantly modifies second-harmonic generation (SHG). SHG from Cr-SiO2-Si(001) includes a non-negligible contribution from the Cr that is observable in rotational-anisotropy and spectroscopy
Computing m DFTs over GF(q) with one DFT over GF(q/sup m/)

Over the field of complex numbers, it is well-known that if the input is real then it is possible to compute two real DFTs with one complex DFT. The authors extend the result to finite fields and show how to compute m DFTs over GF(q) with one DFT over GF(q/sup m/). >
Women's Health in Post‐Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention

Women's Health in Post-Soviet Russia: The Politics of Intervention. Michele Rivkin-Fish. Indianapolis: University of Indiana Press, 2006. 253 pp.
Single-camera method to determine the optical axis position of ellipsoidal drops

The sizing of droplets by optical imaging typically requires a small depth of field so that variations in the magnification ratio are minimized. However, if the location of the drop along the optical axis can be determined, a variable magnification ratio can be imposed on each imaged drop, and the depth of field can be increased. Previous research suggested that droplet location can be determined with a characteristic of droplet images that is obtained when the droplet is illuminated from behind. In this prior research, the method was demonstrated with spherical glass objects to simulate raindrops. Raindrops are known to deviate significantly from a spherical shape, especially when the drop size is large. We demonstrate the ability to locate the position of objects that deviate from sphericity. Deformed water drops and glass ellipsoids are tested, along with glass spheres. The role of refractive index is also discussed.