cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Anti-Retroviral Drug Targets: Interfering siRNA and MitochondrialTERT Expression

Telomerase can be touted as the miracle anti-aging enzyme that reverses the age-related attrition of telomere ends. The catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase, is known to function as an RNA dependent DNA polymerase in the nucleus (TERT-TERC), as an RNA dependent RNA polymerase, an RdRP (TERT-RMRP), in mitochondria, and, as TERT alone interacting with master regulators for cell and organellar protection to promote global survival and rejuvenation potential. TERT shows conservation of the viral polymerase structure, and like viral polymerases, is capable of producing cDNA, double stranded RNA, and like HIV reverse transcriptase, is inhibited by some HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. TERT also shows promiscuous partnering with RNA elements, RMPR, tRNA, and TERC. TERT, with its versatile viral-like functions, seems like a valuable hostage for viral infection. Telomerase is inhibited by viral proteins. When the role of telomerase in HIV infection is reviewed, telomerase modulation emerges as a valuable player in HIV therapy intervention. Induced viral protein and some reverse transcriptase HIV drugs promote TERT deficit which might be counteracted by TERT up regulation, or preference for use of drugs that do not target host reverse transcriptase, in order to preserve the health promotion of TERT pathways especially mitochondrial protection against oxidative stress, and inhibition of pathways that promote immune deficiency. Telomerase “dark side” dysfunctional overexpression might be targeted using an anti-cancer-like vaccine, delivered selectively to viral reservoirs. The use of siRNA’s to inactivate proteins that promote viral survival offer promising potential success in anti-retroviral therapy, with the ability to block mico RNAs favorable for viral progression. Strategies and therapy that interfere with the HIV-TAR interaction offer the desirable ability to stop infection before it starts. Mimetics of exercise, hibernation, anti-aging supplements, and mitochondrial targeted antioxidants offer antiviral potential and disease vulnerability from fallout of immune deficiency.
Understanding Homophobia: Preparing for Practice Realities in Urban and Rural Settings

Examined in this study are factors that might account for social workers' negative affective responses to gay, lesbian and bisexual persons through analysis of individual predictors of homophobia: residence (urban/rural), gender, age, social interaction with gay persons, political opinions, and religiosity. The Hudson-Ricketts Index of Homophobia was administered to nonstudent adults and students from two social work schools (n = 177). Amount of homophobia was related to social interaction, residence, and religiosity. The authors discuss the need to individualize educational strategies for student subgroups and prepare social workers for practice with gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons in all settings, especially community practice.
SELECTION ON FECUNDITY AND VARIATION IN THE DEGREE OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM AMONG SPIDER SPECIES (CLASS ARANEAE).

This note investigates the factors responsible for interspecific variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism in spiders. Variation in dimorphism is shown to be more a function of interspecific variation in female size than variation in male size, and an explanation based on interspecific variation in fecundity selection is presented. A large number of studies on vertebrate taxa, particularly birds and mammals, have shown that sexual selection plays a major role in determining the degree of sexual size dimorphism (e.g., mammals, Alexander et al. 1979; birds, Payne 1984; reptiles, Berry and Shine 1980; amphibians, Woolbright 1983). Other factors, such as ecological and physiological constraints (Selander 1972; Ralls 1977; Slatkin 1984; Shine 1989), also may directly affect body size or mediate the effects of sexual selection in these taxa. However, explanations for variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism derived from studies on vertebrates may not apply to invertebrates. Males of vertebrate species are usually larger than females, and rarely are females more than 50% larger than males, whereas in invertebrates, females are almost invariably larger than males and often females are several times the size of males. These dimorphism patterns suggest that there may be some fundamental differences between vertebrates and invertebrates in the forces selecting for sexual size dimorphism. One hypothesis is that variation in the relative strengths of sexual selection and fecundity selection may be responsible, with sexual selection-favoring relatively large males-being the major determinant of sexual size dimorphism in vertebrates, and fecundity selection-favoring relatively large females-being of overriding importance in invertebrate species (Darwin 1871; Trivers 1972). Here I examine the factors underlying variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism in an invertebrate class, the spiders. Spiders were chosen because they display great interspecific variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism, yet the mechanisms producing size variation are simple and well understood. In spiders, size increases through molting and is fixed after the final molt. Variation in adult size is produced by variation in development time largely resulting from differences in the total number of molts and secondarily to variation in the length of intermolt intervals (Levy 1970; Craig 1987; Vollrath 1987; Head 1991). Then I describe the pattern of interspecific variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism in spiders and show that variation in the degree
Actively and passively induced Arthus reactions in the mouse.

Summary1. Arthus reactions were consistently produced in mice 35 days following sensitization by 3 intraperitoneal injections of BPA in an adjuvant. 2. Male and female mice were equally Arthus-susceptible. 3. Hemophilus pertussis organisms did not enhance Arthus sensitivity under the same conditions in which anaphylactic sensitivity is enhanced. 4. Reverse passive Arthus reactions were not detected in mice injected with 0.02 mg rabbit anti-EaN, whereas minimal reactions were produced in guinea pigs with 0.005 mg anti-EaN. 5. Reverse Arthus reactions of minimal severity were produced with 0.06 and 0.005 mg mouse anti-BPA N in mice and guinea pigs, respectively.
Effects of Health Education Intervention on AIDS-related Knowledge,Attitudes,and Behavior Among 301 New Students of a Middle School

Objective To know the current status of new middle school students' AIDS knowledge,attitudes,and behavior,and to explore the effective way of AIDS-related knowledge propaganda and behavior intervention for middle school students.Methods A total of 301 new middle school students were selected to participate in lectures.Questionnaire surveys about AIDS-related knowledge,attitudes,and behavior were conducted before and after the lectures.Results The effective response rates of before and after the intervention were 90.03% and 86.71%,respectively.After the intervention,the students' awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was significantly increased(P0.01).The attitudes and behaviors with regard to AIDS were both significantly improved(P0.01)except refusing drug use and premarital sexual behavior(P0.05).Before the intervention,there were significant differences in the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors between Grade 7 students and Grade 10 students(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusions The effect of developing health education about AIDS among the middle school students is remarkable.It has more positive and wider significance for conducting health education about AIDS prevention and treatment in junior middle schools.As an effective and reliable way,health education about AIDS prevention and treatment should be considered as a compulsory subject and brought into graduation appraisal for junior middle school students.
Synchronization Characteristics Research of Eccentric Gyration System Controlled by Hydraulic Driving

A high-power inertial vibration machine-hydraulic vibratory pile hammer is taken as the object,and mechanical-electrical-hydraulic coupling dynamics theory is used to study the self-synchronization characteristics problem of eccentric gyration system controlled by hydraulic driving.A mechanical-electrical-hydraulic coupling model of inertial vibration machine synchronization system without phase difference monitoring is established.Simulation study on this model is carried out,and the effects of various factors,such as friction torque,dynamic stiffness,dynamic damping,exciter structure parameters and hydraulic motor leakage,on the stable working and transition processes of self-synchronization system.Modeling and simulation results show that there are interactions and complex coupling relationships among the above-mentioned factors and between the factors and the body of vibration machine.The synchronization effect can be improved by amending damping,stiffness,leakage coefficient and exciter structure parameters,etc.Among them,the effects of regulations of stiffness and leakage coefficient are most obvious.Research shows that the modeling and simulation correctly reflect the influences of the said factors and the coupling relations between the factors and body of vibration machine,which has a theoretical guiding significance to the optimized design of mechanical-electrical-hydraulic system of the hydraulic-driven vibration machine.
The epidemiological characteristics of measies in Shenzhen City in 2005~2007

Objective To survey of the incidence of measles in Shenzhen City.Method The data of measles fection in Shenzhen during 2005～2007 were analyzed.Results The annual incidence rate of measles in Shenzhen varied between 32.5～ 67.2/100 000.There 40.4%of the cases occurred to two-year-old age group and 27.9%in age group of 20 years or above. Conclusion Integrated control measures including vacciantion,monitoring,etc.be taken to reduce measures incidence.in Shenzhen.
Temporary Overvoltage and Mitigation Measures for Islanding Operation of Yun-Guang UHVDC

High amplitude overvoltage will occur in the AC system after the bipole blocking under the islanding operation of Yun-Guang UHVDC.Over-voltage control is a key factor,because it can decide that the islanding operation can be adopted or not.Over-voltage level,energy of MOA and transient recovery voltage of AC filter breaker are calculated using EMTDC program.After analyzing and comparing a variety of over-voltage suppressing measures,using the magnetic saturation of converter transformers to suppress over-voltage is put forward.Influence on over-voltage of switching off timing of AC filters and converter transformers when DC link blocked is also investigated.At last,over-voltage mitigation measures are presented.
Facile Biomolecule-assisted Synthesis of PbS Nanostructures with Various Morphologies

PbS nanostructures with various morphologies were successfully fabricated through a biomolecule-assisted method.It was found that the morphology of PbS nanostructures was greatly influenced by the addition of cysteine and the morphology of Pb-cysteine precursor.Dendritic,hierarchical and multi-armed PbS nanostructures were obtained by adjusting the amount of cysteine molecules.These well-defined nanostructures will be essential for the assembly of functional nanodevices.Furthermore,the bio-inspired strategy is quite simple and environmental friendly.As their scalability for mass production is feasible,the extension of this method to other important semiconductor materials will be open for further exploration.
Non-muscle myosin II heavy chain has a cryptic cell-adhesion domain.

Abstract We have discovered a cryptic cell-adhesion domain in non-muscle myosin II heavy chain. A 205 kDa cell-adhesion-promoting polypeptide (p205) was extracted from BHK cells by Nonidet P-40 or Dounce homogenization. Adhesion to p205 was specifically inhibited by the peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, indicating a role for the Arg-Gly-Asp cell-adhesion motif. Purified p205 was identified as non-muscle myosin II heavy chain, based on sequence analysis and on the cross-reactivity of p205 with anti-(bovine trachea myosin) antibodies. Further experiments showed that the heavy chain of purified myosin II has cell-adhesion-promoting activity in a cell-blotting assay, and cross-reacted with anti-p205 antibodies. Finally, the adhesion domain was located in the tail portion of myosin II heavy chain, where an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing sequence can be found.
The Arab Revolutions of 2011 and Iran 2009: Identities and Differences

The Arab revolutions ran deeper than the Iranian upheaval of 2009, mobilizing key elements of the poor and the working classes. The people also called directly not for reform, but for the outright overthrow of their despotic rulers. These two factors may help to explain why the Arab revolutions managed to overthrow three governments, while the Iranian upheaval was ultimately beaten back. That said, the Iranian upheaval contained several elements, especially its involvement of women that placed it at a higher level than the Arab revolutions. Yet, the Arab revolutions, not the Green Movement, marked a real historical turning point, not only for the region, but also for the world. At the same time, it could be noted, that the two largest mass mobilizations for democracy and progressive politics anywhere in the world since the Great Recession of 2007 have both taken place in the MENA region.
Absenteeism and Employer Costs Associated With Chronic Diseases and Health Risk Factors in the US Workforce

Introduction Employers may incur costs related to absenteeism among employees who have chronic diseases or unhealthy behaviors. We examined the association between employee absenteeism and 5 conditions: 3 risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity) and 2 chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes).
A phase I study of everolimus in combination with cetuximab and cisplatin as first-line therapy in recurrent and metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

e16061 Background: The AKT/mTOR pathway emerged as a promising therapeutic target and as a potential mechanism of EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC. To assess the prevalence of AKT/mTOR pathway activation, ...
Tony Pastor: The Father of Vaudeville

A leading theatre owner at the turn of the twentieth century, Tony Pastor (1837–1908) was especially influential in the fields of variety and vaudeville. Among his most notable efforts was his success in catering to mixed-gender audiences.
Recreation Center Utilization Affects Academic Outcomes

This study described the association between students' use of a university recreation center and concomitant achieved cumulative grade point average (GPA). Data were derived retrospectively from un...
Hydrogen storage capacity of submicron magnesium-nickel alloys

Magnesium–nickel alloys with nickel concentrations from 0 to 60 at% were prepared by three methods: inert gas condensation of sputtered nanocrystalline powder, cosputtering of amorphous thin films and ball milling. Of the three methods, ball milling yields the best hydrogen storage properties in terms of hydrogen capacity, hydriding/dehydriding rates, and activation requirements. In addition, these characteristics are achieved in magnesium with only very small nickel concentrations, on the order of a few atomic per cent.
Chest Imaging in a Battlefield Hospital

The chest X-ray is the bread and butter of diagnostic imaging and among the most common radiologic studies throughout the world, and the combat hospital is no exception. Chest CT is also common in the battlefield hospitals, and not just for initial trauma, but for follow-up trauma (anywhere in the body), the ICU patients, wards, etc., as well. The chest is one of the major indicators of clinical status, and portable CXRs are done almost daily on every ICU patient. Checking the status of tubes and lines, aeration, atelectasis, effusions, contusions, other fluid collections on morning CXR’s is a daily activity in combat hospitals, not unlike many civilian hospital ICUs stateside and internationally.
Peaks and Valleys of Educational Psychology

My interest in psychology as a field of study dates back to youthful years, although nothing in my uneventful childhood can be recalled as giving rise to such an interest. Our middle-class family provided me with few cultural and intellectual influences, even though books and radio were readily available. It was the public schools that stimulated and nurtured my search for knowledge in many different areas—in the arts, literature, and in a variety of fields of science and technology. Although I am now keenly aware of how limited such knowledge was, I nevertheless realize that the school was the primary source of stimulation for my interest in books and in the knowledge they contained.
Phase I Cancer Clinical Trial Design: Single and Combination Agents

The chapter provides comprehensive review and comparison on single-agent and drug-combination phase I clinical trial designs, with particular focus on novel designs, including the continual reassessment method (CRM) , the Bayesian model averaging CRM (BMA-CRM) , the modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI) design, the Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design, and the Keyboard design. We discuss the pros and cons of these designs. Numerical study shows that the CRM, BOIN and Keyboard designs provide comparable, excellent operating characteristics, and each outperforms the mTPI design. These designs are more likely to correctly select the MTD and less likely to overdose a large percentage of patients. The extensions of the BOIN design to drug combination trials are briefly discussed. The software to implement these innovative designs is described and provided.
The impact of postoperative morbidity on survival in patients with metastatic colon and rectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION Avoiding postoperative morbidity is essential in patients with advanced cancer. To further improve treatment in stage IV colorectal cancer, knowledge about risk factors which effect short- and long-term outcomes is important. METHODS All stage IV colon and rectal cancer who underwent elective surgery between 2004 and 2015 were included (n = 345). We compared resectable colon and rectal patients, and unresectable colon and rectal cancer patients. RESULTS Median follow-up duration was 22.2 (unresectable) and 56.7 months (resectable) with no difference in tumor location. Colon cancer patients were more often considered unresectable (P < .001). Rectal procedures were correlated with a higher morbidity rate and a longer surgical duration (P < .001). In the resectable cohort, obese patients, open procedures and prolonged surgery were independently associated with postoperative complications. Considering the palliative group, neoadjuvant treatment and age were correlated with worse outcomes. Morbidity was not associated with long-term outcomes in the resectable cohort. However, unresectable patients who developed respiratory (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.53) or cardiac (HR: 3.75) complications and patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists-score III to IV (HR: 1.51) had an impaired survival. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the need for an adequate preoperative assessment to identify patients at risk for postoperative complications and impaired survival.
Enabling Value Sensitive AI Systems through Participatory Design Fictions.

Two general routes have been followed to develop artificial agents that are sensitive to human values---a top-down approach to encode values into the agents, and a bottom-up approach to learn from human actions, whether from real-world interactions or stories. Although both approaches have made exciting scientific progress, they may face challenges when applied to the current development practices of AI systems, which require the under-standing of the specific domains and specific stakeholders involved. In this work, we bring together perspectives from the human-computer interaction (HCI) community, where designing technologies sensitive to user values has been a longstanding focus. We highlight several well-established areas focusing on developing empirical methods for inquiring user values. Based on these methods, we propose participatory design fictions to study user values involved in AI systems and present preliminary results from a case study. With this paper, we invite the consideration of user-centered value inquiry and value learning.
Concerted proton-electron transfer oxidation of phenols and hydrocarbons by a high-valent nickel complex.

The high-valent nickel(III) complex Ni(pyalk)2+ (2) was prepared by oxidation of a nickel(II) complex, Ni(pyalk)2 (1) (pyalk = 2-pyridyl-2-propanoate). 2 and derivatives were fully characterized by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the oxidation is metal-centered. 2 was found to react with a variety of phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. A linear correlation between the measured rate constant and the substrate bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) was found for both phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. Large H/D kinetic isotope effects were also observed for both sets of substrates. These results suggest that 2 reacts through concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). Analysis of measured thermodynamic parameters allows us to calculate a bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of ∼91 kcal mol−1 for the O–H bond of the bound pyalk ligand. These findings may shed light onto CPET steps in oxidative catalysis and have implications for ligand design in catalytic systems.
NetDevOps: A New Era Towards Networking & DevOps

Today legacy networks are managed box by box and are CLI driven. Small changes often have large impacts, undesired behavior and very complex. The static network infrastructure deteriorates the application experience and cannot adapt to a change in application behavior. To avoid this chaos network should be made programmable using Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) while operation should be much more automated and simplified. New feature should be release and deliver by pressing a single button. Thus, this will increase revenue, cost reduction and cost avoidance. In this new paradigm, automated system to perform configuration changes carryout testing at each stage to ensure that the network changes do not result in downtime and finally push those configurations towards prospective devices. To summarize based on facts, network changes is directly correlated with increasing frequency of outages, with each outage can take up to many hours to resolve and majority of the network engineer are still manually verifying a network after changes are committed, which means that, we need a better way to make and verify network change, for which we enter in to the new era of Network configuration, programmability and automation. This new era of NetDevOps will embrace the best practices of adopting DevOps culture in the whole world of networking.
Accelerating relax-ordered task-parallel workloads using multi-level dependency checking

Work-efficient task-parallel algorithms enforce ordered execution of tasks using priority schedulers. These algorithms suffer from limited parallelism due to data movement and synchronization bottlenecks. State-of-the-art priority schedulers relax the ordering of tasks to avoid false dependencies generated by strict queuing constraints, thus unlocking task parallelism. However, relaxing task dependencies results in shared data races among cores that lead to redundant task computations in concurrently executing threads. Although static algorithm optimizations have been shown to reduce redundant work, they do not exploit the tradeoff between parallelism and work efficiency that is only exposed during runtime. This paper proposes a task dependency checking mechanism that dynamically tracks the monotonic property of parent-child relationships across multiple levels from any given task. Since shared memory writes are known to be slower than concurrent reads, the multi-level checks effectively detect task dependency races to prune redundant tasks. Evaluation of relax-ordered algorithms on a 40-core Intel Xeon multicore shows an average of 44% performance improvement over the Galois obim scheduler.
TBIO-13. USE OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY MOVE DRIVERS OF CRYPTIC, CLINICALLY AGGRESSIVE BRAIN TUMORS

INTRODUCTION Next generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology which allows for in-depth analysis of pediatric brain tumors. NGS has particular use in the context of ambiguous or aggressive neoplasms, where it can be leveraged to discover novel drivers, inform pathologic classification, and direct targeted therapies.
Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactivity Controls Iron versus Sulfur Oxidation in Nonheme Iron-Thiolate Complexes.

Reaction of the five-coordinate FeII(N4S) complexes, [FeII(iPr3TACN)(abtX)](OTf) (abt = aminobenzenethiolate, X = H, CF3), with a one-electron oxidant and an appropriate base leads to net H atom lo...
Chi-Squared Tests

In the simplest type of situation considered in this chapter, each observation in a sample is classified as belonging to one of a finite number of categories—for example, blood type could be one of the four categories O, A, B, or AB. With pi denoting the probability that any particular observation belongs in category i, we wish to test a null hypothesis that completely specifies the values of all the pi’s (such as H0: p1 = .45, p2 = .35, p3 = .15, p4 = .05).
A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Radiation Test Object Operations at NCERC

The work presented in this paper focuses on the first 10 years (2011–2020) of radiation test object (RTO) operations at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center. RTOs are subcritical co...
Brazing in Space: The Next Frontier

This viewgraph presentation provides information on the challenges facing mechanically joining objects in space, as well as past, present, and future techniques for brazing. The sections of the presentation include: 1) Why do we need to join components in space; 2) Why brazing? 3) History of brazing in space; 4) Electron beam vacuum brazing; 5) Current effort at GSFC; 6) Future work.
(Self-)Policing the Market: Congress's Flawed Approach to Securities Law Reform

In the past ten years, Congress tackled two concerns that appeared to be diametrically opposed: An excess of securities fraud litigation and an explosion of securities fraud. On the one hand, it sought to limit lawsuits against purportedly innocent corporations and on the other to stop greedy corporations from defrauding unsuspecting investors. Commentators have tended to analyze the two problems and the reforms they provoked as opposing or irreconcilable forces-one producing the other, or both as untempered congressional backlash. This Article takes a different approach. It contends that however different the problems appeared, the congressional reforms shared a single, flawed philosophy. Despite the competing provocations and ambitions of the reforms, they share an unwarranted adherence to the principle of disclosure as the best means to attack market malfeasance. This Article examines the basis for and consequences of that unremarked regulatory consistency. Beneath the histrionics that provoked their passage, the reforms share a core faith in a dubious hypothesis: the ability of markets to self-police through disclosure. Because Congress resists the more complex and irregular descriptions of markets that behavioral economists provide and instead relies ever more heavily on disclosure, legal models remain far too simple to capture much real world behavior including the many possible permutations of fraud. This misplaced faith in the preventive power of disclosure impedes efforts to deter, detect and punish securities malfeasance. This Article suggests an alternative. It defends the merits of litigation, and proposes a conceptual framework and practical reforms that take advantage of third-party policing. The skeptical approach advocated here acknowledges the benefits of disclosure, but contends that securities regulations also must recognize its limitations. By questioning its assumptions, broadening its approach, and redirecting its resources toward a more diverse range of regulatory mechanisms, with greater reliance on enforcement and private litigation as the centerpiece, Congress could craft securities regulations that recognize the market's imperfections and better protect its participants
Towards the Development of a Robotic System for Beating Heart Surgery

The use of intelligent robotic tools promises an alternative and superior way of performing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the robotic-assisted surgical paradigm proposed, the conventional surgical tools are replaced with robotic instruments, which are under direct control of the surgeon through teleoperation. The robotic tools actively cancel the relative motion between the surgical instruments and the point-of-interest on the beating heart, in contrast to traditional off-pump CABG where the heart is passively constrained to dampen the beating motion. As a result, the surgeon operates on the heart as if it were stationary. We call the proposed algorithm “Active Relative Motion Cancelling” (ARMC) to emphasize the active cancellation. This chapter will provide a review of our research towards developing robotic tools for off-pump CABG surgery. First, we will explain the algorithm we have developed to achieve effective motion cancellation. Second, we will explain the necessary sensory system for the beating heart surgery and the developed whisker sensors to detect three-dimensional heart motion. Third, we will explain the millirobotic gripper developed for minimal invasive surgery. Finally, we will outlay the overall system design for robotic-assisted beating heart surgery.
Gulf of Mexico offshore ecosystem services: Relative valuation by stakeholders

Abstract While efforts to integrate ecosystem services into the management of coastal and terrestrial systems continue to advance, similar efforts for deepwater environments are still in the early stages of deliberation. To begin closing this gap, two workshops were held to engage participants in a discussion on ecosystem services provided by the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, and to facilitate the relative ranking of offshore ecosystem services using a non-monetary valuation scheme. Both workshops relied on a balanced representation of ocean users from multiple industry sectors, government and non-government organizations with interests in the deepwater Gulf. The following findings were made: (1) participants recognized the benefit of being able to rank multiple ecosystem services rather than limiting their attention to those services that were closely related to their respective constituents׳ interests; (2) both workshops yielded similar results, with food, raw materials (including hydrocarbons), and recreation being among the top three ranked ecosystem services; (3) participants in both workshops distinguished between direct (provisioning and cultural) and indirect (regulating and supporting) services; (4) there was a preference among participants to focus on ranking the direct services; and (5) participants of the workshops expressed that the role of the indirect services needed to be considered when designing monitoring and/or mitigation measures to protect the sustainability of the direct services. These results can be used in future discussions to further vet the viability of using such a non-monetary valuation scheme to assist in guiding the development or implementation of scientific and socio-economic indicators to monitor and maintain the health of ecosystem services in order to try to meet stakeholder needs.
Management of Stable Angina Pectoris

Angina occurs when there is an imbalance between myocardial perfusion and the oxygen needs of the myocardium, and the chest discomfort may be associated with transient left ventricular dysfunction. The important features of angina chest discomfort are its location, relationship to exercise, character, and duration.
Every semigroup is isomorphic to a transitive semigroup of binary relations

Every (finite) semigroup is isomorphic to a transitive semigroup of binary relations (on a finite set). Let BA be the set of all binary relations between elements of a set A. We consider BA as a semigroup with the operation of relative product o. Its subsemigroups are called semigroups of binary relations. A (faithful) representation of a semigroup S by relations is a(n injective) homomorphism of S into BA, A being any set. A subset 4' C BA is called transitive if U 4I = A x A (that is, for any a, b C A there exists o c 4' with (a, b) c ep). A representation P of a semigroup S is called transitive if P(S) is a transitive set of relations, that is, P can be viewed as a homomorphism of S onto a transitive semigroup of relations. A longstanding problem of semigroup theory (see [4]) asks which semigroups have faithful transitive representations by relations. An equally longstanding conjecture is: all. Various classes of semigroups (subdirectly irreducible, with zero, completely [0]-simple) were proved to have faithful transitive representations by relations (see [4] and [5]). The main results of this paper are the following theorems. Theorem A. Every semigroup is isomorphic to a transitive semigroup of binary relations. Theorem B. Every finite semigroup is isomorphic to a transitive semigroup of binary relations on a finite set. Before proving the theorems, we mention some open problems. Open Problems. 1. A relation o C A x A is called a multipermutation if its domain and range coincide with A, that is, if, given any a c A, there exist b, c E A with (a, b), (c, a) c ep. Every semigroup is isomorphic to a semigroup of multipermutations [4]. Which semigroups are isomorphic to transitive semigroups of multipermutations? 2. Every set 4I of binary relations is ordered by the inclusion relation c, and every semigroup (D; o) of relations becomes an ordered semigroup (1; o; C). Speaking of orders, we always mean partial orders. Clearly, c is a stable order on 4I (that is, c is a subsemigroup of the semigroup 4I x 4I or, equivalently, Received by the editors September 20, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 20M30, 20M10; Secondary 03G15, 04A05, 05C12, 08A02, 20M12, 20M20.
Caspase cleavage of members of the amyloid precursor family of proteins.

The synapse loss and neuronal cell death characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are believed to result in large part from the neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a 40–42 amino acid peptide(s) derived proteolytically from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, APP is also cleaved intracellularly to generate a second cytotoxic peptide, C31, and this cleavage event occurs in vivo as well as in vitro and preferentially in the brains of AD patients (Lu et al. 2000). Here we show that APPC31 is toxic to neurons in primary culture, and that like APP, the APP family members APLP1 and possibly APLP2 are cleaved by caspases at their C-termini. The carboxy-terminal peptide derived from caspase cleavage of APLP1 shows a degree of neurotoxicity comparable to APPC31. Our results suggest that even though APLP1 and APLP2 cannot generate Aβ, they may potentially contribute to the pathology of AD by generating peptide fragments whose toxicity is comparable to that of APPC31.
Clot retraction. II. Theoretical model of platelet filamentogenesis.

Abstract The degree of clot retraction is dependent upon platelet number, in that a higher concentration of platelets brings about a greater amount of retraction. Ultrastructural studies indicate that a new population of microfilaments occurs within platelets after clot formation, and their appearance corresponds to the most active phase of retraction. On the basis of the experimental results, a mathematical formula is proposed which correlates platelet contractility and clot retraction. This formula emulates the crystallization model in metallurgy, and the calculated percentages of retraction correlate well with the experimental data. According to the mathematical model, clot retraction could be a function of platelet filamentogenesis.
Applicant reactions to the employment interview

Abstract Based on social identity theory (SIT), this study tested the hypothesis that applicants who are demographically similar to recruiters would have more favorable evaluations of the recruiters, jobs, and organizations than would applicants who were dissimilar. SIT further suggested that applicants who were in demographic minorities relative to the rest of the applicant pool would dissociate from the pool, by showing preference for the recruiters, jobs, and organizations. Some significant effects were observed for racial similarity, but not for age or sex similarity, suggesting that race is a more salient category than are age or sex.
High-pressure IR-spectra and the thermodynamic properties of chloritoid

Using IR radiation from a synchrotron source, high-quality absorbance spectra were obtained from polycrystalline powder of chloritoid (cld) from ambient conditions up to pressures of 10 GPa over 50 to 4000 cm −1 . The idealized chemical composition of the chloritoid group is M 2 Al 4 O 2 (SiO 4 ) 2 (OH) 4 where M = Fe or Mg in our experiments. All of the 42 expected fundamental IR modes were observed. These data, combined with the response of the IR bands to substitutions of Fe for Mg, and of D for H, constrained the band assignments. Heat capacity ( C P ) and entropy ( S o ) for the triclinic and monoclinic polymorphs of Fe- and Mg-cld were calculated from the Kieffer-type model, using our detailed band assignments. The calculated heat capacity and entropy for the monoclinic and triclinic polymorphs differ negligibly. The results at temperatures above 298 K are described by the following polynomial expressions in J/(mol·K): C P = 7.835 · 10 2 − 5.170 · 10 3 T −0.5 −1.648 · 10 7 T −2 + 1.934 · 10 9 T −3 for Mg-cld and C P = 7.848 · 10 2 − 5.185 · 10 3 T −0.5 − 1.548 · 10 7 T −2 + 1.783 · 10 9 T −3 for Fe-cld. At room temperature, S s = 293 J/mol·K for Mg-cld and 335 J/mol·K for Fe-cld. These values differ somewhat from entropy estimated from various internally consistent databases (−3 to −9% for Mg-cld and −9 to +5% for Fe-cld). However, using our new S o and C P values in conjunction with the enthalpy of formation, H f = −7101 kJ/mol for Mg-cld or H f = −6422 kJ/mol for Fe-cld (estimated in this study), we can closely reproduce the experimental data for the reactions Mg-chloritoid + talc = clinochlore + kyanite (Chopin 1985) and Fe-chloritoid = almandine + diaspore + water (Vidal et al. 1994).
Depression of Natural Antitumor Resistance of C57BL/6 Mice by Leukemogenic Doses of Radiation and Restoration of Resistance by Transfer of Bone Marrow or Spleen Cells From Normal, But Not Beige, Syngeneic Mice

Small fractionated doses of radiation (4 weekly doses of 179 rad) induced leukemia in 93% of C57BL/6J mice. These leukemogenic doses of radiation were associated with suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity as assessed in vitro by cytotoxic activity of spleen cells or in vivo by the ability of irradiated mice to eliminate iv inoculated radiolabeled YAC-1 lymphoma cells. This suppressive effect of irradiation was profound and prolonged, being detectable for at least 7 weeks after the last dose of radiation. NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 +/+ or C57BL/6 beige mice could be reconstituted by iv transfer of 10 X 10(6) bone marrow cells or 50 x 10(6) spleen cells from normal C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, transfer of bone marrow or spleen cells from beige donors did not change the NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 +/+ or C57BL/6 bg/bg recipients. It was also shown that the irradiation protocol did not eliminate potentially reactive NK cells, because following interferon incubation (10(3) U/ml), the NK activity of spleen cells of irradiated mice was substantially increased. This study supports the hypothesis of an important role for NK cells in radiation-induced leukemogenesis and forms the basis for exploration of the needed, more direct data on the effects of reconstitution of NK activity on subsequent development of tumors.
Producing Miss Saigon: Imaginings, Realities, and the Sensual Geography of Saigon

This essay examines Western representations of Saigon as a feminine and sensual place, providing examples of continuity between French colonial portrayals of the city and print journalism during the U.S. presence in Vietnam from the mid-1950s to 1975. Femininity and sexual allure feature prominently in an array of 19 th Century works about Saigon, yet those writings vary considerably. By the early 20 th Century, Western writers had begun to personify Saigon as a woman engaged in a relationship with a Western man. In similar ways, femininity and sensuality figured prominently in how Western journalists covered Saigon throughout the Vietnam War. Such representations cast a mold for tragic postwar narratives—a genre that the celebrated musical Miss Saigon best exemplified. Weighing the possibilities and shortcomings of collectively interpreting these writings as an Orientalist discourse, this article surveys more than a century of work that describes Saigon as a sensual maiden whom the West courted, exploited, and abandoned.
Dimension Ordering and Broadcast Algorithms in Faulty SIMD Hypercubes

In this paper, the problem of broadcasting in ann-dimensional SIMD hypercube,Qn, with up ton? 1 node faults is studied. In an SIMD hypercube, during a communication step, nodes can exchange information with their neighbors only across a specific dimension. The broadcasting algorithms must work independent of the location of the source node and faulty nodes. In a fault-free hypercube, any source node can broadcast a message to all nodes innsteps, by successive communication along any arbitrary ordering of thendimensions. Given a set of at mostn? 1 faults, an orderingd1,d2, ...,dnofndimensions is developed, depending on where the faults are located. An important and useful property of this dimension ordering is the following: if then-cube is partitioned intok-subcubes using the firstkdimensions of this ordering, namely,d1,d2, ...,dkfor any 2 ?k?n, then eachk-subcube contains at mostk? 1 faults. This result is then used to develop several new algorithms for broadcasting. These algorithms usen+ 3 logn,n+ 2 logn+ 2,n+ logn+O(log logn),n+ logn+ 5, andn+ 12 time steps respectively, and thus improve upon the best known algorithms for this problem. This ordering of dimensions is also demonstrated in the presence of node as well as link faults. In this paper, it is also known how to extend the dimension ordering theorem for handling up to (n2) faults. Using this result, it seems possible to obtain even more fault-tolerant algorithms for the broadcasting problem.
Gastric musocal tears with acute hemorrhage: A possible variant of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Two cases of massive upper-gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by mucosal tears in the body of the stomach at some distance from the esophagogastric junction are presented. The difference in location between this lesion and the usual one found in the Mallory-Weiss syndrome is noted. The pathogenesis of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome and its relation to the lesion described here is discussed. Finally, we stress the importance, for diagnosis and treatment, of recognizing mucosal lacerations as a cause for massive upper-gastrointestinal hemorrhage in areas other than the esophago-gastric junction.
Estimating total statewide travel.

Abstract Past research has not addressed the specific procedures needed to estimate the total number of people traveling by motor vehicle in a state or the number of vehicular trips they take based on a sample of those travelers. Methods were developed in a study in which leisure travelers were surveyed enroute throughout a state over a year's time. Procedures involved in trip estimation are discussed, and a simple method for cross-validating estimates obtained is proposed. An estimate of one segment of these trips was validated by comparing it with a figure obtained from a state agency, suggesting that the approach is sound. Implications of the method and its results are discussed.
Parkinson's disease dementia – A diminished role for the Lewy body

The literature currently views Lewy bodies as central in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) when Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular pathology is not present. Because the neuropathology of PDD is not well understood, the pathological features of PDD were characterized in eighteen PD brain specimens using published criteria for AD, Diffuse Lewy Body Disease (DLBD), and Vascular Disease as a framework. Among the PD dementia (n = 16) subjects, 3 (19%) did not have LBs outside of the brain stem, nor AD or vascular pathology. In two additional cases, one did have rare LBs in the neocortex and cingulate gyrus. However, these two cases did not meet the diagnostic criteria for DLBD. Beyond these 5 cases, the remaining PD dementia subjects fitted a classical pathological profile consistent with AD (38%), vascular disease (12.5%), DLBD (6%), or a combination of these pathologies (12.5%). The findings from this study do not support the hypothesis that LBs are the main substrate for dementia in PD. More research with a larger sample size is needed to determine whether the LB may be a secondary phenomenon and/or an “innocent-bystander”. The entire role of the LB in PD dementia is again brought into question.
The application of the Hammett equation to the question of π-bonding in metal-ligand complexes☆

Abstract Recent interpretations of metal-ligand equilibria data expressed in the form of the Hammett equation have led to the postulation of π-bonding as a major factor contributing to the stability of certain silver (I) and copper (II) complexes. A reinvestigation of the arguments in the case of silver (I) complexes and of the nature of the complexes themselves in the case of copper (II) yields little or no support to the π-bonding hypothesis in these cases.