cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Backside calibration chronopotentiometry: using current to perform ion measurements by zeroing the transmembrane ion flux.

A recent new direction in ion-selective electrode (ISE) research utilizes a stir effect to indicate the disappearance of an ion concentration gradient across a thin ion-selective membrane. This zeroing experiment allows one to evaluate the equilibrium relationship between front and backside solutions contacting the membrane by varying the backside solution composition. This method is attractive since the absolute potential during the measurement is not required, thus avoiding standard recalibrations from the sample solution and a careful control of the reference electrode potential. We report here on a new concept to alleviate the need to continuously vary the composition of the backside solution. Instead, transmembrane ion fluxes are counterbalanced at an imposed critical current. A theoretical model illustrates the relationship between the magnitude of this critical current and the concentration of analyte and countertransporting ions and is found to correspond well with experimental results. The approa...
The role of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE): studies of ACE mutant mice

A enzyme (ACE) is a polypeptide chain containing 2 homologous domains, each with an independent catalytic site. The 2 sites generate angiotensin II from angiotensin I with roughly equal efficiency.1,2 Both catalytic domains are external to cells, with the ACE protein being bound to the cell membrane by a hydrophobic anchor sequence at the carboxyl terminus. The majority of somatic ACE activity is associated with such tissues as the vascular endothelium and the renal proximal tubular epithelium. A soluble form of ACE also circulates in plasma and results from cleavage of tissue-bound ACE.3 A number of findings suggest that tissue ACE has a major role in the production of angiotensin II and that it may participate in local renin–angiotensin systems that are independent of the circulating renin– angiotensin system.4 In addition to somatic ACE, a unique form of ACE, termed testis ACE, is produced by developing male germ cells. Testis ACE is approximately half the size of somatic ACE and contains one catalytic site.5 The role of testis ACE has not been fully elucidated, although it appears to be important to male fertility.6,7
Evacuated tube vehicles versus jet aircraft for high-speed transportation

A preliminary investigation has been made of the potentialities of a high-speed low-loss transportation which could be competitive with the air-transport system. This system, called the MEL (magnetic-suspension, evacuated-tube, linear-motor-propulsion) system, employs passenger-carrying vehicles vertically supported by permanent magnets and laterally stabilized by an electro-magnetic servosystem, with no physical contact between vehicle and surroundings. Aerodynamic drag is reduced by two orders of magnitude (compared to operation in open atmosphere) by evacuation of the subterranean tube in which the vehicle travels. Expected magnetic drag at 270 m/s (600 mi/h) is small compared to aerodynamic drag. Stable contactless suspension was achieved with a model, but track length limited testing to low speeds. A linear motor is used for propulsion in the proposed system; since the low drag permits extensive coasting, only a small fraction of the track-mounted primary requires energization. Assuming magnetic drag negligible compared to aerodynamic drag at 270 m/s, a 1-percent reduction in coasting velocity would occur in approximately 85 km. The ultimate speed of this system will probably be determined by ground stability, track linearization economics, and suspension stabilization design. The combination of constant temperature, absence of frost heaving and other weather effects, and the existence of a uniform low pressure when the vehicle passes should permit far greater track stability than that obtained with a wheeled high-speed surface train. The MEL-system vehicle is assumed to attain a cruise speed of 270 m/s for calculating the economic potentiality of the system. The required track straightness for this speed is discussed This system should exhibit superiority over the air-transport system in air and sound pollution, conservation of energy resources fare economy, safety and reliability, potential passenger capability probable ultimate speed without sonic boom problems, and several other factors. The air-transport system is superior in capability of serving low-traffic-density areas and overseas routes, flexibility in circumventing equipment failures, and susceptibility to earthquakes. The major expense item for the operator of the MEL system is amortization of construction cost, but anticipated annual revenues for a New York, N. Y.-Los Angeles, Calif. route in the 1980's far exceed this cost.
An equivalence-preserving CPS translation via multi-language semantics

Language-based security relies on the assumption that all potential attacks follow the rules of the language in question. When programs are compiled into a different language, this is true only if the translation process preserves observational equivalence.To prove that a translation preserves equivalence, one must show that if two program fragments cannot be distinguished by any source context, then their translations cannot be distinguished by any target context. Informally, target contexts must be no more powerful than source contexts, i.e., for every target context there exists a source context that "behaves the same." This seems to amount to being able to "back-translate" arbitrary target terms. However, that is simply not viable for practical compilers where the target language is lower-level and, thus, contains expressions that have no source equivalent.In this paper, we give a CPS translation from a less expressive source language (STLC) to a more expressive target language (System F) and prove that the translation preserves observational equivalence. The key to our equivalence-preserving compilation is the choice of the right type translation: a source type σ mandates a set of behaviors and we must ensure that its translation σ+ mandates semantically equivalent behaviors at the target level. Based on this type translation, we demonstrate how to prove that for every target term of type σ+, there exists an equivalent source term of type σ- even when sub-terms of the target term are not necessarily "back-translatable" themselves. A key novelty of our proof, resulting in a pleasant proof structure, is that it leverages a multi-language semantics where source and target terms may interoperate.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF TALL BUILDINGS UNDER WIND: INSIGHTS FROM FULL-SCALE MONITORING

SUMMARY The wind-induced response of tall buildings is inherently sensitive to structural dynamic properties like frequency and damping ratio. The latter parameter in particular is fraught with uncertainty in the design stage and may result in a built structure whose acceleration levels exceed design predictions. This reality has motivated the need to monitor tall buildings in full-scale. This paper chronicles the authors’ experiences in the analysis of full-scale dynamic response data from tall buildings around the world, including full-scale datasets from high rises in Boston, Chicago, and Seoul. In particular, this study focuses on the effects of coupling, beat phenomenon, amplitude dependence, and structural system type on dynamic properties, as well as correlating observed periods of vibration against fi nite element predictions. The fi ndings suggest the need for time–frequency analyses to identify coalescing modes and the mechanisms spurring them. The study also highlighted the effect of this phenomenon on damping values, the overestimates that can result due to amplitude dependence, as well as the comparatively larger degree of energy dissipation experienced by buildings dominated by frame action. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of LiFe0.97Nb0.03PO4C by High Temperature Ball Milling

LiFe0.97Nb0.03PO4/C was synthesized by the method of high temperature ball milling (HTBM), using raw materials including Fe2O3, LiH2PO4, Nb2O5 and glucose, which was used as reductant and carbon source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical performance test. The sample synthesized at 700 °C for 8h showed excellent electrochemical properties, with the discharge capacity as high as 140 mA•h/g at 0.1C rate respectively. The sample also showed an excellent capacity retention as there was no significant capacity fade after 10 cycles.
Decline in avoidance of predator chemical cues: Habituation or biorhythm shift?

Studies of the behavior of captive animals are widespread in the literature. Such practices may occur because animals are not seasonally available, do not occur near the home institution of the researcher, or because it is much easier to control for multiple variables in the laboratory. In addition, because of animal rarity or inaccessibility, repeat testing procedures are often used on small numbers of animals, potentially causing pseudoreplication problems (Ramirez et al., 2000). It is reasonable to expect that the laboratory environment at some point will alter the natural responsiveness of animals to particular stimuli, or result in behavior that may be an artifact of stress, housing, diet, and the testing apparatus (Hennig and Dunlap, 1978; Jarvi, 1990). Through differential mortality, captivity can also create laboratory populations of atypical animals most tolerant of captive conditions (Navas and Gomes, 2001). Even when captivity effects are detected, there are few opportunities or rewards for investigators to report shortcomings in their own methodology or in correcting long-standing methods widely in use. Field validation of results is one way of detecting possible laboratory artifact (e.g., Sullivan et al., 2002). However, field studies may not be possible, may not be directly comparable to laboratory studies, and may introduce other experimental effects (Rohr and Madison, 2001; Rohr et al., 2002). An alternative approach to detecting captivity effects is to record data on changes in behavior of captive animals through time (Rohr et al., 2003). In seven years of studies, we have documented a highly predictable avoidance response in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, to body rinses from garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, that have been feeding on P. cinereus (standard TSPC stimulus; Madison et al., 1999a,b; McDarby et al., 1999; Maerz et al., 2001; Madison et al., 2002; Sullivan et al., 2002, 2003). While we always get avoidance of TSPC, no such avoidance occurs in response to body rinses from garter snakes feeding on earthworms, goldfish, or other salamander species when these tests are conducted late at night (Madison et al., 1999a,b; Sullivan et al., 2003), so avoidance is not simply to nitrogenous wastes. The response to TSPC occurs regardless of the individual adult garter snake used
Specialty Optical Fibers for Applications in Fiber Lasers

Progress in specialty fibers is the foundation to further breakthroughs in fiber lasers. We review our efforts in leakage-channel-fibers, wide band air-core photonic-bandgap-fibers, and SBS simulation in optical fibers by incorporating leaky acoustic modes.
Systemic Immune Response to Vaccination on FDG-PET/CT.

A patient with newly diagnosed right lung cancer had transient 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid left axillary lymph nodes and intense splenic FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). History revealed that the patient received a left-sided influenza vaccine 2–3 days before the examination. Although inflammatory FDG uptake in ipsilateral axillary nodes is reported, to our knowledge, this is the first report of visualization of the systemic immune response in the spleen related to the influenza vaccination on FDG-PET/CT. The history, splenic uptake and time course on serial FDG-PET/CT helped to avoid a false-positive interpretation for progressing lung cancer and alteration of the radiation therapy plan.
Influence of Inter-Observer Variation on Insect Scouting Observations and Management Decisions

Accuracy of integrated pest management (IPM) scouting observations was assessed by quantifying inter-observer variation and determining its influence on insect management decisions. During 1984 and 1985, the senior author assumed the role of a scout in the Lincoln Trail area of Kentucky where IPM scouts were employed by a farmer-organized, nonprofit corporation. At the end of the scouting seasons, observations on European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, and on alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), made by IPM scouts were compared and contrasted with those recorded by the research scout. A management decision was made for each paired scouting visit using first the research scout’s report and then an IPM scout’s report. The results suggest that a population estimate based on one person’s observations is not adequate to make a correct insect management decision. Inter-observer variation can affect insect population estimates and management decisions, but it has little effect when populations are at subeconomic levels. Economic thresholds should be developed and used with inter-observer variation in mind.
Prediction: Some Heuristic Notions

To explain or to predict? The problem of prediction is revisited with a view towards going beyond the typical nonparametric setting and reaching a fully model-free environment for predictive inference, i.e., point predictors and predictive intervals.
Delayed rule following.

Although the elements of a fully stated rule (discriminative stimulus [SD], some behavior, and a consequence) can occur nearly contemporaneously with the statement of the rule, there is often a delay between the rule statement and the SD. The effects of this delay on rule following have not been studied in behavior analysis, but they have been investigated in rule-like settings in the areas of prospective memory (remembering to do something in the future) and goal pursuit. Discriminative events for some behavior can be event based (a specific setting stimulus) or time based. The latter are more demanding with respect to intention following and show age-related deficits. Studies suggest that the specificity with which the components of a rule (termed intention) are stated has a substantial effect on intention following, with more detailed specifications increasing following. Reminders of an intention, too, are most effective when they refer specifically to both the behavior and its occasion. Covert review and written notes are two effective strategies for remembering everyday intentions, but people who use notes appear not to be able to switch quickly to covert review. By focusing on aspects of the setting and rule structure, research on prospective memory and goal pursuit expands the agenda for a more complete explanation of rule effects.
Worker reentry safety. III. Viewpoint and program of the Environmental Protection Agency.

It has long been recognized that many pesticide products present a potential hazard, and that use of such products without adherence to label warnings, precautions, and directions may result in actual injury. Concern for the protection of all persons, including farm workers, who might be exposed to pesticides during and after application has been an integral part of the FIFRA registration process for many years and restrictions against workers entering treated fields have been required for many pesticide products. These restrictions range from label requirements specifying a permissible field reentry time to requirements for protective clothing and warnings against exposing workers to the risks posed by pesticides. Since pesticide products on the market vary widely in toxicity, uses, and formulations, label requirements by EPA have been established largely on a chemical and crop basis.
In vivo generation of hydrogen peroxide by rat kidney cortex and glomeruli.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate in vivo generation of hydrogen peroxide by rat renal cortex and glomeruli. Aminotriazole irreversibly inactivates catalase only in the presence of hydro...
Direct membrane damage and miconazole lethality.

Physicochemical membrane damage is presumably the cause of growth phase-dependent lethal miconazole action. In support of this, we showed that as stationary phase inoculum cells of Candida albicans progress into early logarithmic phase, susceptibilities to lethal action and to miconazole-induced release of K + increase together
Head Pain and Stroke

This chapter describes head pain and stroke. Head pain is one of the primary features of acute cerebrovascular disease. The occurrence of headache does not correlate closely with the size of the hematoma. Studies that include populations with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke indicate that the frequency of headache is higher in patients with hemorrhage than in those with ischemia. Sentinel headache, usually occurring prior to subarachnoid hemorrhage, also is not uncommon as a symptom of cerebral ischemia, occurring in 10–43% of patients, especially in those with cardioembolic infarcts. The headache associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease is likely vascular and arises from either the intracranial or the extracranial vessels. It is suggested that there appears to be no correlation between headache and the size of the infarct or intracerebral hemorrhage or with the severity of the stroke. The information is lacking about the treatment of head pain associated with stroke. The headache may respond to treatment of the underlying condition.
Outcomes of patients ≥65 years old with advanced cancer treated on phase I trials at MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER.

Patients ≥65 years with cancer remain underrepresented in clinical trials, particularly in phase I clinical trials. We analyzed the clinical course of patients ≥65 years treated on phase I clinical trials with particular emphasis on toxicities. We identified 347 consecutive patients ≥65 years with advanced cancer in our phase I clinic from 01/2004-12/2009 and analyzed disease characteristics, toxicities, survival and response. Overall, 251 patients received a targeted agent, of whom 241 (96%) received an investigational, non-FDA-approved drug. Clinical benefit (complete response + partial response + stable disease ≥ 6 months) was noted in 61 patients (18%). Eighty-nine patients (26%) had grade 3/4 toxicity, commonly hematologic, including 6 dose-limiting toxicities and 1 treatment-related death ( 1, prior radiation, ≥5 prior treatments; p 1, thrombocytosis, >2 metastatic sites, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (p <0.05). Our results suggest that phase I clinical trials are well tolerated in patients ≥65 years. Additionally, we identified risk factors that may facilitate patient selection for clinical trial participation.
Chemically Modified Nanopores in Colloidal Crystals

Abstract This chapter describes the ionic and molecular transport through surface-modified colloidal nanopores in films and membranes prepared by self-assembly of silica colloidal spheres. Silica spheres form close-packed fcc lattice with ordered arrays of interconnected nanopores upon vertical deposition from colloidal solutions. Silica colloidal films can be prepared on various solid supports and suspended in glass or silicon support. Free-standing silica colloidal membranes can be obtained by sintering above 1000°C. Silica colloidal nanopores can be surface-modified in a well-defined and controlled manner with small molecules and polymers. The surface modification can be achieved using silanol chemistry, and polymer brushes with narrow mass distribution and controlled length can be formed on the nanopore surface using atom transfer radical polymerization and ring-opening polymerization. The transport through the resulting nanopores can be controlled by pH and ionic strength, temperature, light, and small molecule binding. Proton conducting silica colloidal membranes can be prepared by filling the nanopores with sulfonated polymer brushes.
Polymer brain-nanotherapeutics for multipronged inhibition of microglial α-synuclein aggregation, activation, and neurotoxicity

Neuroinflammation, a common neuropathologic feature of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson disease (PD), is frequently exacerbated by microglial activation. The extracellular protein α-synuclein (ASYN), whose aggregation is characteristic of PD, remains a key therapeutic target, but the control of synuclein trafficking and aggregation within microglia has been challenging. First, we established that microglial internalization of monomeric ASYN was mediated by scavenger receptors (SR), CD36 and SRA1, and was rapidly accompanied by the formation of ASYN oligomers. Next, we designed a nanotechnology approach to regulate SR-mediated intracellular ASYN trafficking within microglia. We synthesized mucic acid-derivatized sugar-based amphiphilic molecules (AM) with optimal stereochemistry, rigidity, and charge for enhanced dual binding affinity to SRs and fabricated serum-stable nanoparticles via flash nanoprecipitation comprising hydrophobe cores and amphiphile shells. Treatment of microglia with AM nanoparticles decreased monomeric ASYN internalization and intracellular ASYN oligomer formation. We then engineered composite deactivating NPs with dual character, namely shell-based SR-binding amphiphiles, and core-based antioxidant poly (ferrulic acid), to investigate concerted inhibition of oxidative activation. In ASYN-challenged microglia treated with NPs, we observed decreased ASYN-mediated acute microglial activation and diminished microglial neurotoxicity caused by exposure to aggregated ASYN. When the composite NPs were administered in vivo within the substantia nigra of fibrillar ASYN-challenged wild type mice, there was marked attenuation of activated microglia. Overall, SR-targeting AM nanotechnology represents a novel paradigm in alleviating microglial activation in the context of synucleinopathies like PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
A molecular dynamics investigation of n-alkanes vaporizing into nitrogen: transition from subcritical to supercritical

Abstract The injection, evaporation and mixing processes of hydrocarbon fuels into a supercritical environment are not yet well understood. The present paper investigated evaporation of three n-alkane fuels into nitrogen under various temperatures and pressures by molecular dynamics simulations. The emphasis was to understand at what conditions, when and how the transition from classical two-phase evaporation to one-phase diffusion-controlled mixing takes place. The reduced ambient temperature and pressure range from 0.8 to 2.4 and 0.55 to 14.3, respectively. Scaling law was explored with hopes to extend the conclusions to macroscopic systems. The dimensionless transition time from subcritical to supercritical (with respect to the liquid lifetime) was found to be independent of liquid film thickness, but it has strong dependence on ambient temperature and pressure. With higher ambient temperature and pressure, the transition occurs earlier in the liquid's lifetime. Correlations for dimensionless transition time were proposed to describe such dependence. Additionally, a threshold dimensionless transition time of 0.35 may be used to separate the subcritical-dominated regime and the supercritical-dominated regime on the P-T diagram. Lastly, the normalized liquid lifetime (by a reference lifetime and the film thickness) depends only on the ambient temperature and pressure. As pressure increases, it decreases for subcritical-dominated cases mainly because the enthalpy of vaporization reduces with increasing pressure. The trend, however, is reversed for supercritical-dominated cases where the liquid lifetime increases slightly with increasing pressure.
Bariatric surgery for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects 2%-3% of the US population and is expected to become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decade. Bariatric surgery may be an effective but expensive treatment for NASH. Using a state-transition model, our analysis assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgery to manage NASH. We simulated the benefits and harms of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in patients defined by weight class (overweight, mild obesity, moderate obesity, and severe obesity) and fibrosis stage (F0-F3). Comparators included intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and no treatment. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Our results showed that surgery and ILI in obese patients (with F0-F3) increased QALYs by 0.678-2.152 and 0.452-0.618, respectively, compared with no treatment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for surgery in all F0-F3 patients with mild, moderate, or severe obesity were $48,836/QALY, $24,949/QALY, and $19,222/QALY, respectively. In overweight patients (with F0-F3), surgery increased QALYs by 0.050-0.824 and ILI increased QALYs by 0.031-0.164. In overweight patients, it was cost-effective to reserve treatment only for F3 patients; the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for providing surgery or ILI only to F3 patients were $30,484/QALY and $25,367/QALY, respectively. Conclusions Surgery was both effective and cost-effective for obese patients with NASH, regardless of fibrosis stage; in overweight patients, surgery increased QALYs for all patients regardless of fibrosis stage, but was cost-effective only for patients with F3 fibrosis; our results highlight the promise of bariatric surgery for treating NASH and underscore the need for clinical trials in this area. (Hepatology 2017;65:1156-1164).
Sources of Health Information as a Function of Aviary Lifestyles and Product/Service Category

The proliferation of social media has spawned new lifestyles that guide consumer behavior. Understanding the connection between lifestyles and consumer behavior has become much more important in a world with social media because businesses can more easily provide the right information to the right people, as well as identify who the right people are to buy their products. Business can engage in mass personalization, by means of, for example, sending a birthday greeting to every customer on the right day. Most importantly, social media provide opportunities for aggressive interaction with customers in lifestyle groups, for purposes ranging from detecting complaints to brand extensions to product co-creation. The social media group members have self-selected into a category that embraces a cluster of motives. Because of these aggregations, the importance of understanding lifestyle is today infinitely more valuable and more important for effective marketing than it was in previous generations. This session presents an empirical lifestyle segmentation approach about consumer use of information, and it develops themes regarding the strategic implications of this segmentation system for marketing managers. This session emphasizes finding the right customer over treating every customer as right. The first paper describes the theory and method that guided this research. The second paper discusses sources of health information as a function of aviary lifestyles and product/service category. The final paper describes research focused on the antecedents and mediating factors of purchase decisions. Lifestyle influences an individual’s attitude towards media, which leads to differences in consumer behavior. It examines four types of media influences: Olympic programs, sports sponsorship, public relationship and direct marketing. Olympic programs references an individual’s receptiveness to Olympic sponsors and as well as commercials shown during the Olympic Games. Sports sponsorships are similar, although they stress receptiveness to sponsors at events the individual attends. The public relationship variable assesses the impact of product information portrayal in the news. Finally, direct marketing examines responsiveness to direct marketing advertisements and information.
High Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) CD34+ Cell Dose Increases the Risk of Chronic Gvhd after Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Matched Sibling Transplantation

CD34+ cell dose is a critical determinant of outcomes after allogeneic PBSC transplantation, with a CD34 dose ≥2.0 x 10e6/kg shown to positively impact hematopoietic engraftment and survival. However, it is unknown whether additional benefits are observed with even higher CD34 cell doses. Therefore, we further explored the effect of intermediate, high and very high CD34 cell doses on the incidence of engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and transplant related mortality (TRM) and on probability of survival and GVHD-Relapse-free survival (GRFS). Three hundred and five consecutive patients transplanted with GCSF-mobilized PBSC from HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD) were evaluated. Patients were ≥16 years of age, had a hematological malignancy and received a myeloablative or a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen between 2002 and 2012. The median recipient age was 52 years (r, 19-74 years) with most being male (n=194, 63.8%) diagnosed with leukemia (72%) or lymphoma (22%), and intermediate disease risk index (DRI, n=204, 67%). The median age for the donor were 49 years (r,17-76 years). In 159 patients (52%) the donor and recipient were sex matched with 89 male patients having a female door (29%). The ABO blood type was matched in 195 patients (64%), 153(50%) received a myeloablative (MA) conditioning regimen, and 37 (12%) received a reduce intensity conditioning regimen containing ATG. The median follow up of surviving patients was 793 days (r, 14-4562 days). Patients were divided in four CD34 dose quartiles: first quartile (QT1), ≤4.8 x10e6/kg, QT2 4.8-6.0 x10e6/kg, QT3 6.0-7.5 x10e6/kg, and QT4 ≥ 7.6 x 10e6/kg. Notably, the CD3 doses were similar for all quartiles: QT1 was 3.4 x 10e8/kg (r, 0.3-10.0), QT2 was 2.7 x 10e8/kg (r, 1.1-7.6), QT3 was 2.8 x 10e8/kg (r, 0.8-7.2) and QT4 was 2.8 x 10e8/kg (r, 1.4-7.7); there was no correlation between CD34 and CD3 cell doses. Patient and donor characteristics were similar in the four groups except for shorter median follow-up (P 4.8 x 10e6 CD34 cells/kg. Unless survival is positively impacted, the higher risk of chronic GVHD would argue for assigning an upper CD34 cell dose limit to reduce this risk that can significantly impair quality of life. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ICE: A memory-efficient BGP route collecting engine

Abstract Since their deployment, BGP route collectors have played a fundamental role in investigating and detecting routing accidents and hijack attempts. However, an increasing number of detection techniques designed for real-time environments show that the lack of interactivity of route collectors represents a limitation to their efficacy, together with the small amount of sources from which data is collected. Both issues stem from the current implementation of route collectors, which relies on single-threaded and general-purpose routing suites to establish BGP sessions and collect data. With this implementation any interactive operation impacts on the collection process and the number of sessions that can be established is limited by memory usage, which is not optimized for route collecting purposes. In this paper we present ICE, a multi-threaded and memory-efficient BGP collecting engine which allows route collectors to overcome the above mentioned limitations. The multi-threaded environment allows us to solve the lack of interactiveness, allowing concurrent read/write operations. Memory efficiency has been obtained thanks to the design of a variant of the Liv-Zempel compression algorithms specifically tailored to operate within a BGP real-time collecting environment. The proposed technique exploits the high degree of repetitiveness characterizing BGP data and reduces the ICE memory usage by as much as 30%.
Development of a Rating Scale for the Measurement of Other-Esteem

Researchers have found self-esteem neither to be strongly related to achievement nor to anti-social behaviors in children and adolescents. Due to the inconclusive findings on the benefits of higher self-esteem, an additional concept may be warranted. Other-esteem was coined by Philip Hwang as respect, acceptance, caring, valuing, and promotion of all human beings, without reservation. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure we dubbed the Other-Esteem Rating Scale (OthERS). The participants were 226 undergraduate students. The total scale alpha was 0.89, indicating strong internal consistency. Temporal stability was low (r = 0.53). The OthERS evidenced a moderate negative correlation with aggression (r = −0.54), and moderate positive correlations with self-esteem (r = 0.35) and life satisfaction (r = 0.31). Factor analysis revealed five factors that accounted for 60% of the variance. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Eczema and Dry Skin

Even though we teach our children that “Beauty is only skin deep,” our society so values clear, flawless skin that billions of dollars are spent each year on the hundreds of skin lotions, creams, cleansers, conditioners, and cover-ups that crowd drugstore shelves. Because of this attitude, skin problems—including those resulting from allergic skin disorders—cause considerable grief, much of which is avoidable.
SOME ELEMENTS OF ERROR ANALYSIS

This chapter reviews some elements of error analysis. The simplest error analyses of all are those based upon Kahan diagrams. Kahan diagrams' aid suggests that it might well be valuable to develop a system of computer arithmetic that automatically keeps a track of approximate numbers of accurate digits. Rounding errors result from using floating-point operations in place of exact arithmetic when the data are assumed to be machine numbers. This rounding error propagation in matrix computations can be understood when appreciating that for ill-conditioned problems, those whose solution is too sensitive to small changes in the data, it is probably impossible to obtain an accurate solution. Furthermore, backward error analyses are an important tool for judging the merits of algorithms. The difference between these given data and the exact data is data error. Failure to appreciate the possible relationship between data errors and computation makes it impossible to correctly judge the numerical stability of matrix methods. Finally, the rounding unit of a machine is a minuscule positive number u with the property that each individual arithmetic operation is subject to a relative error of at most u . Two properties of the roundoff analysis software are that the software is economical to use and that this testing scheme is effective largely because the automatic search method used is vastly better than random trial-and-error.
Visual Storytelling in Native American High-Density Schools.

Stories told about creativity—about how things came to be; they explained the what, why, and how of important phenomena; they related the myth behind the ritual; they described the way of healing, ...
Extending the limits of powder diffraction analysis: Diffraction parameter space, occupancy defects, and atomic form factors

Although the determination of site occupancies is often a major goal in Rietveld refinement studies, the accurate refinement of site occupancies is exceptionally challenging due to many correlations and systematic errors that have a hidden impact on the final refined occupancy parameters. Through the comparison of results independently obtained from neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction, improved approaches capable of detecting occupancy defects with an exceptional sensitivity of 0.1% (absolute) in the class of layered NMC (Li[NixMnyCoz]O2) Li-ion battery cathode materials have been developed. A new method of visualizing the diffraction parameter space associated with crystallographic site scattering power through the use of f* diagrams is described, and this method is broadly applicable to ternary compounds. The f* diagrams allow the global minimum fit to be easily identified and also permit a robust determination of the number and types of occupancy defects within a structure. Through a comparison of neutron and X-ray diffraction results, a systematic error in the synchrotron results was identified using f* diagrams for a series of NMC compounds. Using neutron diffraction data as a reference, this error was shown to specifically result from problems associated with the neutral oxygen X-ray atomic form factor and could be eliminated by using the ionic O2- form factor for this anion while retaining the neutral form factors for cationic species. The f* diagram method offers a new opportunity to experimentally assess the quality of atomic form factors through powder diffraction studies on chemically related multi-component compounds.
Altered gene expression in response to diesel exhaust particulate matter (SRM 1650a) in MCF-7 cells detected with DNA microarrays.

5207 Human exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs in the form of complex mixtures. Some of these PAHs are carcinogenic. Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1650a-Diesel particulate matter was determined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to contain a mixture of specific PAHs and nitro-substituted PAHs. In this study the gene expression patterns were investigated in MCF-7 cells (derived from a human mammary carcinoma) exposed (24h) to SRM 1650a alone or in combination with the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP). Gene expression was monitored using high density oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix U I33A). Exposure of MCF-7 cells to SRM 1650a alone or in combination with BP or DBP resulted in altered gene expression patterns of many RNA species. The data reported here were based on 2-fold up-regulation or down-regulation of genes that were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Global gene expression analysis revealed 30, 127 and 19 genes that were significantly altered in response to SRM 1650a, SRM 1650a plus BP, or DBP, respectively. Functional classification of differentially expressed genes indicated that several of the genes were either directly or indirectly involved in metabolism of PAHs, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, DNA repair and tumor suppression. In a previous study we have shown that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were up-regulated on exposure to BP (Cancer Research, 2005, 65:1251-58). In this study, an induction of the same genes was noticed on co-treatment with SRM 1650a plus BP. Unlike SRM 1650a alone or co-treatment with BP, expression of CYP1A1 was not observed when the cells were co-treated with SRM 1650a and DBP, although expression of CYP1B1 was evident. These results not only provide a transcriptional signature to chemical carcinogen exposure, but also assist in the development of specific and sensitive biomarkers for use in studies of exposure and susceptibility, both in mechanistic and epidemiological studies. Supported in part by grant CA28825, NCI, DHHS. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not represent the policies of the U.S. EPA or NIOSH, CDC.
Zehn Jahre Afrikapolitik

Die Lander Afrikas haben in den letzten Jahren umfangreiche Umwalzungen erlebt. In vielen Staaten festigen sich demokratische Strukturen und ermoglichen eine zunehmende Kooperation. Die deutsche Bundesregierung unterstutzt dies mit einem umfassenden und vernetzten Ansatz. Der endogene afrikanische Reformprozess bildete eine zentrale Grundlage fur einen Paradigmenwechsel der deutschen Afrikapolitik. Fur die Umsetzung sind ein langer Atem und ein Blick uber viele Jahre hinweg notig, um eine nachhaltige und gleichberechtigte Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zu gewahrleisten.
New real-time demand-side management approach for energy management systems

This study proposes a new demand-side management (DSM) technique, which is characterised by low computational requirements. The proposed technique relies on developing an operational matrix by the device local controller based on the device characteristics and the customer preferences. This matrix is sent to the energy management system (EMS) without the need to send any further information about the device or the customer preferences; then, the EMS chooses the optimal schedule for the device. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DSM technique, it is incorporated in an EMS that consists of three units controlled by a centralised microgrid controller (MGC). The three units managed by the MGC are the data collection and storage engine, the forecasting engine, and the optimisation engine. The EMS utilises the rolling horizon concept to manage real-time information and to provide the plug-and-play option for all controllable devices. Simulation results on a typical microgrid system show that the proposed DSM technique outperforms conventional DSM approaches in terms of the computational time.
Fictional Girls Who Play with the Boys: Barriers to Access in the Transition to Male-Dominated Sports Teams

This literary analysis draws upon navigational identity theory to examine the experiences of female protagonists who choose to play on boys’ athletic teams. The study analyzes ten middle grade and young adult novels published between 2005 and 2017 to explore the question, How are the female protagonists represented in the navigation of changing identities as they move into a male-dominated sporting space? Findings center on how, in this process of navigating two spaces, the female athletes are described as able to separate themselves from the girls but unable to fully join the boys. In the authorial construction of their identities, they struggle to navigate the culture of power (i.e. the male world of sport) as successfully because they are unable to avoid internalizing the perspectives of those in positions of power. The institutional structures of sport reinforce traditionally masculine norms and demand conformity by female athletes even though these athletes are non-conforming in their desire to play on boys’ teams. This demand for conformity is reaffirmed in this literature and illustrates how inequities can be maintained and reproduced through story. The piece offers suggested classroom activities designed to offer both critique and alternatives to the ways in which female athletes are positioned in fiction and on the field.
Diagnostic dilemma of coagulation problems in an HIV-positive patient with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may result in devastating multi-organ complications, including cirrhosis. Consequently, liver transplantation is often required for these patients. We report a case of a 43-year-old female with cryptogenic cirrhosis and HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy, presenting for non-related living donor liver transplantation. The intra-operative course was complicated by hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis, requiring thrombectomy. On postoperative day-3, the patient required re-transplantation with a cadaveric donor organ due to primary graft failure.
Diagnosis and Successful Medical Management of a Colonic, Urate Enterolith in an Argentine Black and White Tegu (Salvator merianae)

A 5-yr-old female Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae) was presented for a lack of fecal output, anorexia, and lethargy. Several weeks prior the tegu underwent a rapid diet change to whole rodents. Computed tomography revealed a mineral-dense calculus in the distal colon, causing gastrointestinal obstruction. Because of poor response to enteric fluid therapy alone, transcloacal enterolith removal was elected. Under sedation and neuraxial anesthesia, saline-infusion cloacoscopy was performed and the calculus visualized and destructed using a dental burr on a low-speed dental handpiece and grasping forceps. Recovery from the procedure was unremarkable. Fluid therapy and oral lactulose therapy were prescribed postoperatively. The tegu began to defecate several days later. Transcloacal calculus destruction with a low-speed drill under cloacoscopic guidance should be considered a noninvasive option for management of colonic and cloacal calculi in larger lizard species.
Low-energy opportunity for multi-family residences: A review and simulation-based study of a solar borehole thermal energy storage system

Abstract The multi-family residential building sector is the least energy efficient in the United States, thus allowing for ample opportunities for significant cost-effective energy and carbon savings. In the present study, we propose a district solar borehole thermal solar energy storage (BTES) system for both retrofit and new construction for a multi-family residence in the Midwestern United States, where the climate is moderately cold with very warm summers. Actual apartment interval power and water demand data was mined and used to estimate unit level hourly space and water heating demands, which was subsequently used to design a cost-optimal BTES system. Using a dynamic simulation model to predict the system performance over a 25-year period, a parametric study was conducted that varied the sizes of the BTES system and the solar collector array. A life-cycle cost analysis concluded that is it possible for an optimally-sized system to achieve an internal rate of return (IRR) of 11%, while reducing apartment-wide energy and carbon consumption by 46%. Both a stand-alone and solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system were designed and simulated for comparison to the BTES system, and found to be less economically favorable than the solar BTES system. Thus, the promise for district-scale adoption of BTES in multi-family residences is established, particularly for new buildings.
Genetic relationships between the serogroup C strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated in Jiangxi province from 2005 to 2008

对2005-2008年江西省流脑暴发、常规监测中分离的79株C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点测序(MLST)分析,描述江西省C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的菌型分布和变迁,从分子水平了解其流行特征。
Differential Power Processing for Ultra-Efficient Data Storage

This article presents the hardware, software, and power codesign of an ultra-efficient data storage server with differential power processing (DPP). DPP can reduce the power conversion stress, improve the efficiency, and enhance the functionality of modular power electronics systems. The power inputs of a large number of hard disk drives (HDDs) were connected in series and supported by a multiport ac-coupled differential power processing (MAC-DPP) converter through a multiwinding transformer. Methods for controlling the multi-input multi-output power flow in the multiwinding transformer while avoiding core saturation were investigated. A ten-port MAC-DPP prototype with 700-W/in $^3$ power density was built to support a 450-W HDD storage system with ten series-stacked voltage domains. The prototype was tested on a 50-HDD server testbench, and the overall system loss is below 1 W (99.77% system efficiency). The server was able to maintain high-speed reading and writing operation of all 50 HDDs against the worst hot-swapping scenarios. A variety of hardware/software configurations and many cloud storage techniques were tested on the fully functioning server. Experimental results show that the energy efficiency of large-scale information systems (CPU/GPU clusters, memory banks, HDD arrays, etc.) can be greatly improved by software, hardware, and power codesign.
Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation: substrates or inhibitors of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase?

Peroxidation of membrane lipids is thought be a dynamic process which is ongoing in virtually all cells. Under normal conditions, cellular lipid peroxidation is well regulated and, as noted in a recent review (Esterbauer. et al. , 1990), is always associated with the formation of numerous and chemically diverse aldehydic products. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) are classified as major products of lipid peroxidation since they are present in the greatest quantities during peroxidation of cellular membrane lipids while trans-2-hexenal, acrolein and crotonaldehdye are representative of minor products of lipid peroxidation thought to be formed in significantly smaller quantities.