cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS WITH NEW DERIVATIVE, 5-METHYLAMINO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE (MADU).

SummaryA recently synthesized compound, 5-methylamino-2′-deoxyuridine (MADU) was shown to be highly active in suppressing infection with herpes simplex virus in vitro and to exert beneficial effect in therapeutic and prophylactic-therapeutic treatment of experimental keratitis in the rabbit eye caused by herpes simplex virus. The beneficial effect was equal to or only slightly less than that observed in comparative tests with 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU). The low toxicity of MADU for the rabbit eye, the high level of activity, the absence of halogen, and the apparent low level incorporation into the DNA of host cells justify experimental investigations in man in infections in which IDU would normally be employed. The practical and theoretical implications of use of MADU and IDU in the human being are discussed.
Determinants of Seeking Financial Advice Among Older Adults

Using the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), this study presents the first longitudinal results analyzing factors among older adults associated with beginning and discontinuing the use of a financial advisor. Getting a financial advisor was positively associated with becoming a widow(er), asking family members for assistance with financial decisions, and initially seeing a doctor for help with emotional problems. Among single and widowed respondents, experiencing significant cognitive decline increases the likelihood of getting a financial advisor. Increases in income and net worth were also positively related getting a financial advisor. Dropping a financial advisor was negatively associated with becoming a new widow(er), getting married, and experiencing an increase in net worth. No longer involving family members in financial decisions was strongly related to dropping a financial advisor. Implications for practice are discussed.
Between the quick and the dead

Principles of Paleontology (third edition). Michael Foote and Arnold I. Miller. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco. 2007. 480 pages. Cloth $97.00. In the first editions of Principles of Paleontology , Raup and Stanley produced a new kind of paleontology text, evidently a “leader” among texts, according to the classification Raup provides in the forward to the new edition. Foote and Miller's choice to revise that book, rather than attempt to replace it, fittingly reflects both the new edition's approach and content, and its homage to its predecessor. The challenge that Foote and Miller faced, as Raup articulated in the forward, was to provide a book that encapsulates current knowledge in a field that has matured considerably in both practice and theory, while continuing to prompt the way forward. The new edition certainly addresses a need. The magnitude of work required to move beyond second edition of Principles in a comprehensive manner, yet remaining mindful of the limited curriculum space available for upper-level undergraduate classes in paleontology, may explain why no one had effectively usurped the older edition to date. But the absence of a successor left the field hanging. There has been no easily accessible summary of the developments that …
Race/ethnic Differences in Post-stroke Depression (PSD): Findings from the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) Study

Objectives : Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with poor stroke outcomes, but few studies have examined race/ethnic disparities in PSD. Given the paucity of work and inconsistent findings in this important area of research, this study aims to examine race/ethnic differences in depression in a multi-ethnic cohort of stroke patients. Design : Longitudinal. Setting : Prospective trial of a post-stroke educational intervention. Patients or Participants : 1,193 mild/moderate ischemic stroke/TIA patients. Main Outcome Measures : We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to assess subthreshold (CES-D score 8-15) and full (CES-D score ≥ 16) depression at one month (“early”) and 12 months (“late”) following stroke. Multinomial logistic regression analysis examined the association between race/ethnicity and early and late PSD separately. Results : The prevalence of subthreshold and full PSD was 22.5% and 32.6% in the early period and 22.0% and 27.4% in the late period, respectively. Hispanics had 40% the odds of early full PSD compared with non-Hispanic Whites after adjusting for other covariates (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.76). Race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with late PSD. Conclusions : Hispanic stroke patients had half the odds of PSD in early period compared with whites, but no difference was found in the later period. Further studies comparing trajectories of PSD between race/ethnic groups may further our understanding of race/ethnic disparities in PSD and help identify effective interventions. Ethn Dis . 2016;26(1):1-8; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.1
Epilepsy and Homicide: Isaac Ray on Mitigation

In 1867, a gruesome murder stunned Philadelphia. The suspect, George Winnemore, a spiritualist with epilepsy and depression, knew the victim, a 63-year-old woman. With little time to prepare, his counsel claimed Winnemore did not commit the act; but if he did, he was insane, the product of chronic epilepsy. The trial, conviction and sentencing were swift, and Winnemore found himself on death row. There was little cogent expert testimony connecting Winnemore’s medical condition to his behavior. Dr. Isaac Ray, the founder of American forensic psychiatry, became involved shortly before the scheduled execution. After examining the prisoner he petitioned the governor for a stay pending a complete medical examination — but to no avail. In this article, we see Ray’s analysis of the case alongside newspaper accounts of the trial and the bizarre writings of the defendant from prison. The author reviews the history of the epilepsy-homicide connection from the ineteenth century to date and then underscores Ray’s valuable advice in evaluating complex cases. Though little was known about the pathophysiology of epilepsy in Ray’s time, it was clear to him that competent medical testimony was indicated in the Winnemore case, at least to mitigate the sentence.
How to Review a Manuscript

Manuscript peer review is fundamental to the evaluation and dissemination of modern science; it is the process whereby good science is enhanced and bad science is dismissed. Very little objective evidence, however, has been amassed to guide the manuscript peer review process. Rather, it is learned by experience and mentoring: by doing reviews, receiving reviews of one's own work, and by obtaining feedback from seasoned reviewers. Here, I lay out my perspective on this cornerstone of the scientific endeavor.
Comparison of unimolecular decomposition pathways for carboxylic acids of relevance to biofuels.

Quantum mechanical molecular modeling is used [M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,p)] to compare activation energies and rate constants for unimolecular decomposition pathways of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids that are important in the production of biofuels and that are models for plant and algae-derived intermediates. Dehydration and decarboxylation reactions are considered. The barrier heights to decarboxylation and dehydration are similar in magnitude for saturated acids (∼71 kcal mol–1), with an approximate 1:1 [H2O]/[CO2] branching ratio over the temperature range studied (500–2000 K). α,β-Unsaturation lowers the barrier to decarboxylation between 2.2 and 12.2 kcal mol–1 while increasing the barriers to dehydration by ∼3 kcal mol–1. The branching ratio, as a result, is an order of magnitude smaller, [H2O]/[CO2] = 0.07. For some α,β-unsaturated acids, six-center transition states are available for dehydration, with barrier heights of ∼35.0 kcal mol–1. The branching ratio for these acids can be as high a...
Beyond the Machine: Clientelist Brokers and Interest Organizations in Latin America

Organizational membership is one of the strongest, yet overlooked, predictors of vote buying across Latin America. We argue that this relationship is driven by the fact that politicians outsource some of their vote-buying efforts to interest associations. In contrast to the existing literature that focuses on party brokers, who are loyal to a single political machine, we introduce the concepts of organizational brokers, who represent interest associations and renegotiate ties to political parties between election cycles, and hybrid brokers, who split their loyalties between an interest association and a single political party. We illustrate the operation of these alternative broker types through case studies of street-vending organizations in an uninstitutionalized party system, Colombia, and peasant organizations in an institutionalized party system, Mexico. Attention to the role of brokers and the organizations that they represent has implications for political accountability, collective action, and the...
Complex modal analysis of non-modally damped wind turbine blade

The vibration model of a wind turbine blade can be approximated as a rotating pretwisted nonsymmetric beam, with damping and gravitational and aeroelastic loading. In this work, the out-of-plane (flapwise) and in-plane (edgewise) motion are examined with simple aeroelastic damping effects. The aeroelastic model used is based on a simple quasisteady blade-element airfoil theory. The linear velocity dependent terms are isolated and incorporated into the damping, which then turns out to be generally non modal (non Caughey). The complex modes are analyzed while neglecting the effects of rotation to single out the effect that aerodynamic damping may have on the modes. The analysis is done by first discretizing the system with assumed modes, and then solving an eigenvalue problem for the state-variable description of the discretized system. The eigen modes are recombined with the assumed mode functions to approximate the modes in the original system. The analysis is performed on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 23-meter blade, the NREL 63-meter blade, and the Sandia 100-meter blade. The effects of nonproportional damping are seen to become more significant as the blade size increases. The results provide some experience for the validity of making modal damping assumptions in blade analyses.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Osteoporosis Clinical Care Gap: AnOpportunity for Impact by the ClinicalPharmacist

The impact of osteoporosis to patients and the healthcare system is significant with estimates that 50% of Caucasian women and 20% of men will experience an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. However, despite multiple calls to action from healthcare advocates, osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Data demonstrates that only 23% of women aged 67 years old and older who have an osteoporosis-related fracture receive either a bone mineral density test or a prescription to treat osteoporosis in the six months after the fracture. Reasons for this are debatable but may be include lack of access to DXA, an over reliance on T-scores, and a lack of recognition on the importance of the evaluation of clinical risk factors. In 2014 the National Bone Health Alliance released a position statement regarding the diagnosis of osteoporosis which suggested new standards for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Through utilization of these new standards, pharmacists are one of the healthcare providers in an interdisciplinary team which may help to recognize osteoporosis diagnoses and the need for treatment, closing the care gap that currently exists with osteoporosis.
Wheat middlings in high-concentrate diets: feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibilities, passage rates, and ruminal metabolism in finishing steers.

We conducted two experiments to determine the feeding value and effects on diet digestibilities, passage rates, and ruminal metabolism of wheat middlings (WM) fed as a replacement for either the concentrate or roughage components of finishing diets of steers. In Exp. 1, 120 medium-framed steers were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to one of six treatments of high-concentrate diets: control (0%); 5, 10, or 15% pelleted WM replacing dry-rolled corn (DRC); and 5 or 10% pelleted WM replacing chopped alfalfa hay (ALF) components of the diet. Increasing WM replacement of DRC increased DMI (P < .01) and feed:gain ratio (FG; P < .05) linearly. A 9.2% increase in daily DMI and 10.1% increase in FG were observed at 15% of WM. Daily gain and final weight of the steers were not influenced by WM replacement of DRC. The WM replacement of ALF decreased (P < .01) daily DMI linearly, but it had no effect on ADG, final weight, or FG. In Exp. 2, six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with the same treatments as described in Exp. 1. Dry matter, OM, and starch digestibilities decreased (P < .01) by increasing replacement of DRC with WM, and replacing ALF increased DM and OM digestibilities linearly (P < .01). Wheat middlings could replace only up to 5% of DRC without reducing feed conversion efficiency and diet digestibilities, but complete (100%) or partial (50%) replacement of ALF increased digestibilities of DRC finishing diets.
Use of Ileocystoplasty in the Hypertonic Neurogenic Bladder

An ileocystoplasty was used successfully in the management of incontinence secondary to a hypertonic neurogenic bladder. The indications for its use and possible benefits in patients with neurogenic bladder have been discussed.
A Multi-Scale Approach to Wavefunction Engineering of Subdimensional Quantum Semiconductor Structures

With on going reduction in dimension of nano-devices it becomes imperative to include interface and structure boundaries accounting for complex, mixed boundary conditions. A Lagrangian approach to the physics provides the natural framework for such calculations, with computational work based on the finite element method. This variational approach has led to the design of mid-IR cascade lasers and the solution of the Schrodinger-Poisson self-consistency in arbitrary layered structures. Applications of this methodology lead to the solution for energy levels in a magnetic field in the Voigt geometry. The effect of surface proximity on binding energy for impurity states in nanowires and the beautiful physics of complex topological surfaces such as a Mobius ring are displayed as further examples of the issues addressable through multi-scale parallel computing within this variational framework.
Grand Canyon: A History of a Natural Wonder and National Park. America’s National Parks Series. By Don Lago.

Grand Canyon: A History of a Natural Wonder and National Park . America’s National Parks Series. By Don Lago. (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2015. xi + 202 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $21.95, paper.) As Don Lago notes at the beginning of his narrative, there are hundreds of books about the Grand Canyon. Many of these tend to focus on particular aspects of the canyon’s history, such as geology, exploration, tourism, and the National Park Service (NPS). Lago instead offers a broad view of what he calls, “first of all, a cultural history” of the Grand Canyon (p. 6). Using secondary sources and archival manuscripts, he knits together stories of the changing ways humans encountered and perceived the … Dek42{at}nau.edu
Compressed sensing in spectroscopy for chemical analysis

Analytical chemists are instilled with the Shannon–Nyquist theorem for measuring practices: the sampling frequency must be greater than two times the frequency of the signal of interest to avoid misrepresentation. Furthermore, chemical analysis techniques keep evolving to yield increasing amounts of information resulting in greater demands in data collection, data analysis and computer memory. This leads to typical practices of performing software data compression. In addition, techniques that require increases in spatial frequency of array detectors typically lead to expensive hardware solutions. Over the past ten years, compressed sensing has presented a sampling paradigm shift. The main idea is to perform compression during data acquisition which leads to several advantages, including faster analysis time and availability of cost effective alternatives to array detectors. In this short review, a summary of the main concepts of compressed sensing are presented. In addition, selected examples of compressed sensing applications in spectrochemical analysis are used to showcase its advantages and potential.
Bactrim® DS (Roche)

The combination of a folic acid antagonist and a sulfonamide inhibits two consecutive steps in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential to many bacteria. The two compounds are synergistic against many common urinary and other type infections.
Improving Veterans’ Access to Trauma Services Through Clinical Video Telehealth (CVT)

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been utilizing and advancing telemedicine for decades, attempting to bring all forms of medical care to patients who otherwise lack resources or live too remotely to access such care. Known as clinical video telehealth, or CVT for short, telemedicine within the Department of Veterans Affairs encompasses such services as primary care, dermatology, audiology, cardiology, and behavioral health. With increasing numbers of veterans returning from deployments, many diagnosed with behavioral health conditions, CVT has provided a platform for veterans to work on establishing a life for themselves while simultaneously allowing them to address the impact of war on their identity and emotional/behavioral health. The Department of Veterans Affairs offers providers excellent education, training, and resources to begin or expand their skills in telemental health while serving those who served us. The following chapter examines the benefits of telemental health within the VA, utilizing the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder as an example.
Characterization of Apolipoprotein C3 (Apo C3) LNA/DNA Impurities and Degradation Products by LC-MS/MS

Apolipoprotein C3 (Apo C3) LNA/DNA gapmer was evaluated under various stress and formulation conditions for the purpose of its development as a potential biotherapeutic for low density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering. Using ion-pairing (IP) reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography ultra-high resolution (UHR) tandem mass spectrometry (IP-RPLC-MS/MS), a combination of accurate mass measurements and collision-induced dissociation enabled in-depth characterization of Apo C3 LNA/DNA oligonucleotide, in particular the inherent impurities following synthesis and degradation products after exposure to stress conditions. In this study, oligonucleotide samples were stressed under different pH and UV exposure conditions. The primary impurities in Apo C3 LNA/DNA were losses of nucleotide moieties from both the 5′- and 3′-terminus leading to n-1, n-2, etc. species. Desulfurization and depurination were observed in Apo C3 LNA/DNA after a week under UV light stress conditions at low pH. Guanine oxidation and dimerization were the primary degradation products detected under UV light exposure for 1 week at high pH. The effect of antioxidants on the levels of these degradation products was evaluated under neutral pH conditions. In the presence of all antioxidants, levels of guanine oxidation and desulfurization under tested conditions were the same as those in the unstressed sample, except for sodium ascorbate. The thorough understanding of the Apo C3 LNA/DNA oligonucleotide structure, its impurities, and degradation products laid the foundation for the successful formulation development of this novel biotherapeutic modality.
Basic Statistical Considerations

This chapter provides an overview of the statistical considerations and analysis of clinical trials involving invasive operative and non-operative procedures. It focuses on the basic concepts of study design, including the hypothesis testing framework, recruitment approaches to obtaining the necessary sample size, different treatment comparators, randomization strategies, and types of blinding. Further, it describes the statistical model and other analysis approaches, along with the reporting of results and their interpretation. The importance of baseline assessments and the intent-to-treat principle are also discussed. Various cases of practical interest regarding clinical trials for invasive and non-operative procedures are considered. This chapter also outlines other statistical issues that should be taken into consideration in the planning, design, analysis, and interpretation of similar studies.
E-cigarette Use and Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

The aim is to provide a detailed review of literature from studies examining the relation of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use to indicators of risk for cardiovascular disease. In addition to discussing clinical and cell culture studies, we discuss possible mechanisms for the observed effects. Studies have compared the effect of e-cigarette use (or vapor) and combustible cigarette smoking on a range of measures. These include heart rate, blood pressure, and vagal tone; aortic stiffness and endothelial function; platelet aggregation and adhesion; expression of genes for antioxidant defense and immune system function; and indices of oxidative stress. The majority of studies found some evidence of a significant risk effect for e-cigarettes, although the evidence was not totally consistent within and between studies. Suggestive evidence also implicates a possible effect of e-cigarettes on inflammation processes. The magnitude of the effect for e-cigarettes was sometimes lower than those found for cigarettes, but several studies showed comparable effects. The findings overall provide evidence of some risk to the cardiovascular system from e-cigarettes, but conclusions are qualified because each study was heterogeneous in its design and evidence on cardiac morbidity from prospective human studies is not yet available. The studies have helped to identify possible agents and mechanisms for producing risk, including reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, fine and ultrafine particles, and nicotine. Longitudinal data from clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to clarify these relationships in healthy populations and investigate the impact of e-cigarette use among persons with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
Evaluation of a novel common mode EMI reducing inverter topology utilizing wide bandgap devices

As the next generation of power electronics begins to turn to wide bandgap (WBG) power devices, such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC), continued study and innovation in this area is required to take full advantage of all of their inherent benefits. While some advertised benefits of WBG devices are increased efficiency and switching frequency, one tradeoff is an increase in conducted common mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI). In motor drive applications, this is a significant issue and must be addressed. To mitigate this issue, a novel three phase inverter topology for CM EMI reduction is presented in this paper. The performance of the novel topology is evaluated for both GaN and Si devices in various operating conditions utilizing LTSpice simulation software. To verify these results, a prototype of the novel inverter is also built and tested.
Scalable web object inspection and malfease collection

Internet drive-by downloads attacks are the preferred vehicle to infect desktop computers. In this paper, we propose a new URL analysis framework that combines lightweight virtualization and novel modifications to the WINE engine to detect heap spray attacks against applications. In addition, we are able to extract the attack shellcode used to further download other malicious binaries to the victim machine. Our preliminary results indicate that our system offers a compelling alternative to other process monitoring and virtualization technologies including QEMU and VMware since it can scale to thousands of instances per machine.
Four-Dimensional Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Conserved Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Flows

We deal with conserved scalar mixing in turbulent flows, and present a newly developed laser imaging diagnostic for obtaining highly detailed, four-dimensional measurements of the full space and time varying conserved scalar field ζ (x,t) and the associated scalar energy dissipation rate field ∇ζ·∇ζ (x,t) in a turbulent flow. The method is based on high-speed, high-resolution, successive planar laser induced fluorescence imaging of a synchronized raster swept laser beam, combined with high-speed data acquisition of gigabyte-sized data sets using very fast computer disk ranks. The measurement resolution reaches down to the local strain-limited molecular diffusion scale in the flow, so that the resulting four-dimensional data are directly differentiable in all three space dimensions and in time. These data spaces are numerically analyzed to determine the time evolution of all three components of the instantaneous scalar gradient vector field ∇ζ (x,t) and the resulting instantaneous scalar energy dissipation rate field. Typical results are presented in the form of spatial sequences of adjacent two-dimensional data planes within a particular three-dimensional data volume, as well as temporal sequences of spatial data planes from three-dimensional data volumes acquired successively in time, allowing the evolution of the true scalar dissipation rate to be examined in detail throughout the four-dimensional data space.
Development of Creep-Resistant and Oxidation-Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steels for High Temperature Applications

Austenitic stainless steels are cost-effective materials for high-temperature applications if they have the oxidation and creep resistance to withstand prolonged exposure at such conditions. Since 1990, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed advanced austenitic stainless steels with creep resistance comparable to Ni-based superalloy 617 at 800–900°C based on specially designed “engineered microstructures” utilizing a microstructure/composition database derived from about 20 years of radiation effect data on steels. The wrought high temperature-ultrafine precipitate strengthened (HT-UPS) steels with outstanding creep resistance at 700–800°C were developed for supercritical boiler and superheater tubing for fossil power plants in the early 1990s, the cast CF8C-Plus steels were developed in 1999–2001 for land-based gas turbine casing and diesel engine exhaust manifold and turbocharger applications at 700–900°C, and, in 2015–2017, new Al-modified cast stainless steels with oxidation and creep resistance capabilities up to 950–1000°C were developed for automotive exhaust manifold and turbocharger applications. This article reviews and summarizes their development and their properties and applications.
Learning and Remembering: The Basis for Personal Knowledge Construction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basics of personal knowledge construction by learning and remembering. It illustrates classroom learning, remembering, personal knowledge construction, academic problem solving, developing a problem solving environment, and promoting personal knowledge construction. Emphasis is placed on the construction of personal knowledge at the psychological level of analysis called constructivism. Acquisition is the study of how new information is acquired. The discrepancy between personal and formal knowledge defines the nature of classroom learning. Remembering is the conscious awareness of memory processing that involves memory search and retrieval. Affordance is a reciprocal relationship between a person and his or her environment. Domain knowledge is a more formal subset of content knowledge, a realm of knowledge that broadly encompasses a field of study or thought. Declarative knowledge involves knowledge of facts, concepts, vocabulary, and other bits of information that are stored in memory. Procedural knowledge is demonstrated when a student can combine, incorporate, or assimilate declarative knowledge so that it can be used procedurally. From a student's perspective, assessment involves the need to successfully gain access to and use prior knowledge that is stored in long-term memory.
Study of patterned sapphire substrate and SiO2 array in GaN LED

Epitaxial lateral overgrowth can be implemented using patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) and SiO 2 nanorod arrays (NR). Both PSS and SiO 2 arrays are fabricated using nanoimprint lithography. In this paper, we study patterned sapphire substrate width and period and SiO 2 nanorod array z position to optimize GaN LED light extraction and improve the device efficiency. First, we compare our simulation with pervious experimental data from other group. The simulation results match the experimental results in the trend. Second, we investigate PSS design and optimization, and find that by setting the period and width of PSS to 2μm and 1.3μm respectively, the light extraction can be increased by 47.9%. We also optimize the z-position of the SiO 2 nanorod array to 7.1μm increases the light extraction by 51.8%, which is much better improvement prediction compared to the published experimental data. Finally, we find that the appearance of the reflection layer has major effects on light extraction. Ag layer can increase or decrease the light extraction efficiency. From these simulations we find a maximum increase in light extraction of 128% for a l LED with an Ag reflection layer compared to a conventional LED.
Audio processing with channel filtering using DSP techniques

In this paper, a novel surround sound system operated by DSP boards is developed. Besides woofer(s) and tweeter(s), the audio system has been improved by adding additional speakers for handling mid-frequencies by designing a particular band-pass filter to process its mid-range. Meanwhile, three audio amplifiers are built to drive woofer (low frequency), mid-frequency speaker, and tweeter (high frequency), respectively. The practical audio amplifiers are also created with moderate gains in order to power speakers, in which the amplification circuits are modified using the data sheet of audio chip LM386 IC. Three different types of filters, which are low-pass, band-pass and high-pass, are also designed using the Remez exchange algorithm by MATLAB. Then, the obtained filter coefficients are loaded into two DSP boards (TMS320C6713) to process the sound signals in the full audio frequency range. Finally, the processed audio data are enhanced by audio amplifiers strong enough to power three sets of speakers: bass, mid-range, and tweeters. In addition to developing and testing the system, the research methodology and design is summarized and future improvements are discussed.
Keynote speech 3: Intel Optane™ technology as differentiator for Internet of everything and fog computing

Traditional network and cloud solutions cannot address effectively the infrastructure and data architecture challenges introduced by the emergence of the Internet of Everything (IoE). IoE creates unprecedented volume of complex data which must be stored, transferred, processed and analyzed in real time for time sensitive applications. Indeed, most of the applications in IoE domain (autonomous driving, health monitoring, banking, industrial control systems …) are time and quality of service sensitive and need new solutions for data integrity and data availability for successful decision. At Intel, we are working on new computer paradigm and storage technologies such as Intel® Optane™ SSDs and Intel® 3D NAND SSDs that can address some of these challenges. With Intel® Optane™, it is now possible to create a high performance and real time available Software-Defined Infrastructure (SDI) by enabling full dis-aggregate and pool of the underlying hardware resources, creating distributed memory/storage imperatives and giving research community and enterprise the performance and capabilities to benefit from revolutionary technologies such as Fog Computing and Artificial Intelligence by dynamically assigning compute, storage and network resource in real-time time sensitive workloads. In this keynote, we will discuss data storage, availability, integrity, quality of service and movement in this compute paradigm shift. We will also touch on how it impacts mobile edge, fog computing and cloud infrastructures. We will then conclude with the challenges and opportunities this new solution will bring.
Philosophical Questions and Opportunities at the Intersection of Neuroscience, Education, and Research

Education is a fertile ground for neuroscientific applications. However, at the scholarly level this has predominantly been addressed by cognitive psychology and the emerging field of neuroeducation. Although in its very early stages, there is also now a nascent interest by philosophers of education with respect to the intersections of neuroscience, education, and research. The chapter uses neuroscience to provide phenomena for philosophy of education to think and ask questions about, while remaining philosophical and educational. The chapter begins with a survey of the various ways of critical philosophical engagement with neuroscience’s and neuroeducation’s empirical literature, including suggested improvements on the concepts and ideas that frame the neuroscience-education intersection. This includes neuromyths, commercialization, neuroimaging, scientific reductionism, and technological enhancements. It then surveys the opposite direction, where engagement with neuroscience unsettles familiar philosophical concepts, resulting in new lines of philosophical thinking within the discipline. This includes cultural differences, plasticity, and open dynamic systems. It ends with a call for further philosophical inquiry in this emerging intersection.
Cystoisospora belli Gallbladder Infection in a Liver Transplant Donor

Introduction. Cystoisospora belli (previously Isospora belli) is a parasitic protozoan of the human gastrointestinal system. It rarely causes symptoms in immunocompetent hosts but can cause severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, with a rate of recurrence and risk of dissemination. Gallbladder infections are however rare. The treatment of choice for symptomatic patients is a 7–10-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Case. In this case, we report on an incidental finding of Cystoisospora belli organisms in the donor gallbladder following a transplant cholecystectomy. There was no report of symptoms in the donor. The recipient was treated with a course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, without evidence of cystoisosporiasis. Given the risk of recurrence in immunocompromised hosts, the patient will continue to be monitored for reactivation in the future. Conclusion. Despite advances in transplant protocols and screening, disease transmission from the donor to recipient still occurs in about 0.2% of all organ transplants. With the increased use of organs from drug overdose victims and other high-risk donors, practitioners (including pathologists, hepatologists, and surgeons) must maintain a high index of suspicion for such potentially harmful organisms.
Lean Six Sigma Roadmap

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a roadmap to applying the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology and the key tools that can be applied when implementing LSS in healthcare processes. This chapter was originally published in Furterer (2009), and adapted for the healthcare enterprise. A little over twenty-one percent (21.3 %) of the industrial workforce is engaged in educational services and healthcare, and social assistance occupations (US Census Bureau). Service industries are the fastest growing segment of our economy and now account for almost 70 % of economic activity, and over 85 million employees (US Census Bureau North American Product Classification). Healthcare processes include both clinical and nonclinical processes, and both types can be improved using LSS methodologies and tools.
Thallium-201 Imaging for Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer

Contemporary management of upper aerodigestive tract cancer relies heavily on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for initial staging and long-term follow-up. However, both of these anatomic imaging techniques frequently fall short in their ability to detect unknown primary tumors and occult cervical metastases and to differentiate recurrent tumor from therapy-induced tissue changes. In this respect, functional imaging, which relies primarily on metabolic tissue activity, could be useful in improving the predictive value of CT/MRI for the detection of occult or recurrent head and neck tumors. Several recent reports have suggested that thallium-201 SPECT could be useful for imaging head and neck tumors (El-Gazzar et al. 1988; Togawa et al. 1993). Thallium chloride is utilized primarily for assessment of myocardial perfusion, but it also concentrates avidly in tumors. While the mechanism of accelerated thallium chloride uptake by neoplastic tissue is not completely understood, it is thought to be regulated by the NA+-K+ adenosine triphosphate-dependent cellular ion exchange pump. Because of this predilection for neoplastic tissue, 201Tl chloride has been proposed for SPECT imaging of various human cancers (Podoloff et al. 1992).
Stock Return Variation and Expected Dividends: A Reinterpretation

Kothari and Shanken (1992) argue that stock return variation can, to a large extent, be explained by rational revisions of future dividend expectations. Kothari and Shanken arrive at this conclusion based on the explanatory power of a regression of returns on lagged dividend yield, contemporaneous and future dividend growth rates, and future returns. This regression nests a truncated, first order approximation of the definition of return. Hence, the explanatory power is high by construction and has only minimal economic interpretations. Our reinterpretation has implications for other studies that use future variables to explain past returns. The explanatory variables are difficult to interpret, and these models may misidentify the main source of return variation. By decomposing the regressions, we clarify the roles of the explanatory variables.
INFLUENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & GROUP POLARIZATION: A FIELD STUDY OF A VIRTUAL TEAM

This study examines influence and IT in group polarization. Group polarization is the tendency of group members to shift their initial positions to a more extreme direction following discussion. We hypothesize that informational influence is relatively more important than normative influence in causing group members to shift their positions and that IT can be used to enhance the effects of informational influence. Our investigation of group processes, influence and IT use by a virtual team responsible for forecasting ozone levels reveals several important findings. First, we find the heterogeneity of pre-discussion individual decisions and greater task uncertainty increase group polarization through a greater relative use of informational influence. Second, surprisingly, we find that the relative use of informational influence and the use of IT for persuasion are substitutive not complementary in their effects on group polarization. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for decision making in virtual teams.
Platelet aggregate emboli produced in patients during cardiopulmonary bypass with membrane and bubble oxygenators and blood filters.

The number, size, and site of formation of particulate emboli produced by three different extracorporeal perfusion systems were studied in three groups of 10 patients each. Systems that contained a bubble oxygenator and stainless steel filter (400 μ pores), a bubble oxygenator and stratified polyester urethan filter (27 μ pores in final filtration), and a spiral-coil membrane oxygenator and stratified polyester urethan filter were compared. The membrane oxygenator produced fewer emboli than did the bubble oxygenator, but the venous reservoir of the membrane oxygenator produced more emboli than did the reservoir used with the bubble oxygenator. The total number of platelet aggregate emboli produced by the two oxygenator systems did not differ. The stainless steel filter did not remove or generate platelet aggregate emboli. The stratified polyester urethan filter removed 90 per cent of emboli greater than 150 μ and 60 per cent of emboli between 50 and 150 μ in diameter but often produced emboli less than 50 μ in diameter. The perfusion systems studied did not produce significant differences in platelet counts, fibrinogen, and fibrin split product concentrations during and up to 24 hours after bypass.
Improving Performance in the Navy’s Acquisition Process Through the Improved Use of Teams

The use of teams is a critical part of Total Quality Leadership/Management, and is a proven method for improving project performance in both civilian and Department of Defense applications. This paper considers whether the Navy should focus more attention on the application of team-based project administration in the ship acquisition process. A series of case studies written at MIT is analyzed to describe how teams have functioned in recent ship acquisition projects. Successful aspects of team performance are discussed. The lessons learned from these case studies are compared with the theory on the value and implementation of teams. The use ofship acquisition teams is analyzed in relationship to desired performance. Documented improvements in performance over previous contracts are presented. The paper concludes bv assessing that the three cases examined were successful team efforts. Based on these projects, it is stated that the obstacles unique to the Navy ship acquisition process are surmountable by partnering approaches, and that such approaches should be considered for other yards and projects.
High ZT in p‐Type (PbTe)1‐2x(PbSe)x(PbS)x Thermoelectric Materials.

Pseudoternary Na-doped (2 at.%) (PbTe)1-2x(PbSe)x(PbS)x (x: 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, and 0.12) compounds are obtained from stoichiometric melts of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 1000 °C, 5 h).
Identifying Landscape Modification using Open Data and Tools: The Charcoal Hearths of the Blue Mountain, Pennsylvania

In this technical brief I demonstrate two methodological points broadly relevant to historical archaeologists. While light detection and ranging (LiDAR), also known as airborne laser scanning (ALS), has been widely used to identify prehistoric archaeological sites, its use in historical archaeology could be expanded. LiDAR data are particularly valuable because they are frequently open access. By coupling open LiDAR data with open source software one can quickly, easily, and inexpensively identify historical landscape modification. I present an illustrative example, the identification of charcoal hearths in Pennsylvania, along with tools and techniques used to carry out the research. This method has allowed us to identify 758 charcoal hearths within a 74 km2 research area along the Blue Mountain of northeastern Pennsylvania.
Association Between Hirschsprung’s Disease and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

A “loss-of-function” mutation of the RET proto-oncogene is the most common genetic aberration implicated in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR). Some individuals with HSCR harbour RET mutations, which paradoxically also behave as “gain-of-function” mutations and lead to the co-occurrence of HSCR with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2). The phenomenon appears to primarily occur in those with MEN 2A or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), while those with MEN 2B are susceptible to the development of multiple benign nerve cell tumours, known as ganglioneuromatosis, throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Non-Genetic Reprogramming of Monocytes via Microparticle Phagocytosis for Sustained Modulation of Macrophage Phenotype

ABSTRACT Monocyte-derived macrophages orchestrate tissue regeneration by homing to sites of injury, phagocytosing pathological debris, and stimulating other cell types to repair the tissue. Accordingly, monocytes have been investigated as a translational and potent source for cell therapy, but their utility has been hampered by their rapid acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to the inflammatory injury microenvironment. To overcome this problem, we designed a cell therapy strategy where we collect and exogenously reprogram monocytes by intracellularly loading the cells with biodegradable microparticles containing an anti-inflammatory drug in order to modulate and maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype over time. To test this concept, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles were loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (Dex) and administered to primary human monocytes for four hours to facilitate phagocytic uptake. After removal of non-phagocytosed microparticles, microparticle-loaded monocytes differentiated into macrophages and stored the microparticles intracellularly for several weeks in vitro, releasing drug into the extracellular environment over time. Cells loaded with intracellular Dex microparticles showed decreased expression and secretion of inflammatory factors even in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli up to 7 days after microparticle uptake compared to untreated cells or cells loaded with blank microparticles. This study represents a new strategy for long-term maintenance of anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype using a translational monocyte-based cell therapy strategy without the use of genetic modification. Because of the ubiquitous nature of monocyte-derived macrophage involvement in pathology and regeneration, this strategy holds potential as a treatment for a vast number of diseases and disorders.
Fairtrade credentialism: towards understanding certified producer organizations’ perceptions of Fairtrade as a credential

ABSTRACTFairtrade is a transnational voluntary labelling initiative that aims to upgrade the social, economic, and environmental conditions of producers in developing countries. In this paper, we s...
Fierce: The History of Leopard Print

Across fourteen chapters of Fierce: The History of Leopard Print, Jo Weldon defines “leopard print” and traces its use in clothing and fashion from ancient times to the present. Sprinkled throughou...
Random Evolution Equations Driven by Space-Time White Noise

In this chapter we introduce three classes of stochastic integrals over martingale measure in a way similar to that of Ito, Stratonovich and Skorohod integrals, and study some their properties (Section 3.2) We also study some stochastic evolutionary operator equations driven by space-time white noise (Section 3.3) Examples of those equations arise from the limiting RE in diffusion approximation (Section 3.5) We can obtain their from the solution of martingale problem over martingale measure (Section 3.4) It is a way to investigate evolutionary operator equations driven by Wiener martingale measure (Sections 3.1, 3.4) We use RE approach in this connection.
Evaluation and Revision of an Instrument Measuring Attitudes toward the Amish.

The attitudes non-members hold toward the Amish—or any ethnic, racial, and religious group—has consequences for that population, from criminal victimization to an ability to exercise human rights. ...