cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thyroid lymphoma: a single institution's experience.

BACKGROUND: Primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. METHODS: The tumor registry at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center was searched for all patients carrying a diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma. All available records for these patients were examined and information regarding patient and tumor characteristics, clinical presentation, interventions, and survival were tabulated. RESULTS: The average age of patient in our series was 67.5 years. There was a 2.7:1 female to male preponderance. Thirteen (60%) patients presented with thyroid nodule(s). Eleven (50%) presented with aerodigestive tract obstructive symptoms. Sixteen (73%) patients had no pre-existing history of thyroid disease; none had known pre-existing Hashimoto's thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS: The typical thyroid lymphoma patient is female and elderly with painless thyroid enlargement. Compressive symptoms of the aerodigestive tract are common at presentation and may require urgent intervention. Treatment modalities (XRT, CHOP chemotherapy) and outcomes are distinct from other thyroid malignancies.
A heuristic for production scheduling and inventory control in the presence of sequence-dependent setup times

The consideration of sequence-dependent setup times is one of the most difficult aspects of production scheduling problems. This paper reports on the development of a heuristic procedure to address a realistic production and inventory control problem in the presence of sequence-dependent setup times. The problem considers known monthly demands, variable production rates, holding costs, minimum and maximum inventory levels per product, and regular and overtime capacity limits. The problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Program (MIP), where subtour elimination constraints are needed to enforce the generation of job sequences in each month. By relaxing the subtour elimination constraints, the MIP formulation can be used to find a lower bound on the optimal solution. CPLEX 3.0 is used to calculate lower bounds for relatively small instances of this production problem, which are then used to assess the merit of a proposed heuristic. The heuristic is based on a simple short-term memory tabu search method that coordinates linear programming and traveling salesperson solvers in the search for optimal or near-optimal production plans.
Structural Basis of Improved Second-Generation 3-Nitro-tyrosine tRNA Synthetases.

Genetic code expansion has provided the ability to site-specifically incorporate a multitude of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins for a wide variety of applications, but low ncAA incorporation efficiency can hamper the utility of this powerful technology. When investigating proteins containing the post-translational modification 3-nitro-tyrosine (nitroTyr), we developed second-generation amino-acyl tRNA synthetases (RS) that incorporate nitroTyr at efficiencies roughly an order of magnitude greater than those previously reported and that advanced our ability to elucidate the role of elevated cellular nitroTyr levels in human disease (e.g., Franco, M. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 2013, 110, E1102). Here, we explore the origins of the improvement achieved in these second-generation RSs. Crystal structures of the most efficient of these synthetases reveal the molecular basis for the enhanced efficiencies observed in the second-generation nitroTyr-RSs. Although Tyr is not detectably incorp...
Stimulus-Specific Delay Activity in Human Primary Visual Cortex

Working memory (WM) involves maintaining information in an on-line state. One emerging view is that information in WM is maintained via sensory recruitment, such that information is stored via sustained activity in the sensory areas that encode the to-be-remembered information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we observed that key sensory regions such as primary visual cortex (V1) showed little evidence of sustained increases in mean activation during a WM delay period, though such amplitude increases have typically been used to determine whether a region is involved in on-line maintenance. However, a multivoxel pattern analysis of delay-period activity revealed a sustained pattern of activation in V1 that represented only the intentionally stored feature of a multifeature object. Moreover, the pattern of delay activity was qualitatively similar to that observed during the discrimination of sensory stimuli, suggesting that WM representations in V1 are reasonable "copies" of those evoked during pure sensory processing.
Functionally graded materials synthesis via low vacuum directed vapor deposition

The spatially distributed microstructures needed to implement many functionally graded material (FGM) designs are difficult to realize affordably with today's materials synthesis/processing technologies. To address this need, a new directed vapor deposition (DVD) technique has been developed and explored as a potential FGM synthesis tool. The technique exploits supersonic helium jets in combination with electron beam/resistive evaporation under low vacuum (10−3-10 Torr) conditions to atomistically spray deposit a wide variety of monolithic and composite materials. Two of the most important processing parameters (the carrier gas velocity and the deposition chamber pressure) that control deposition are identified, and their effect upon deposition efficiency for flat and fiber substrates is explored systematically. Under certain conditions, the DVD approach is found to deposit vapor onto fibers with a significantly higher efficiency than traditional high vacuum line-of-sight vapor deposition techniques. It can even deposit material onto surfaces that are not in the line-of-sight of the source. A computational fluid dynamics model has been used to interpret the experimental observations and to identify the role of carrier gas dynamics in controlling deposition efficiency and spatial distribution.
Plasma sheet disruption by interchange-generated flow intrusions

[1] A three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation is used to examine the interaction of interchange-generated flow intrusions with the near-Earth plasma sheet. The interchange heads narrow in cross-tail extent as they propagate earthward and dawnward, and the maximum Bz in the head increases to be comparable to the lobe field strength. The interaction of the flow heads with the near-Earth plasma sheet leads to a strong disruption involving localized reconnection on east-west scales of a few ion inertia lengths. This mechanism may explain several key signatures of substorm onset associated with pre-breakup auroral streamers and the disruption of the near-Earth plasma sheet.
Feeding Ecology of Larval Ambystoma mabeei (Urodela: Ambystomatidae)

Ambystoma mabeei is listed as threatened in Virginia due to its rarity and susceptibility to urbanization and poor forestry practices. The purposes of this study were to determine the composition of the diet of larval A. mabeei and to compare larval diet in different geographic regions to gain insights into the ecology of Virginia populations. Ninety-eight percent (N = 75) of all A. mabeei larvae dissected contained food items. Virginia samples harbored higher loads of gastric parasites (Nematodes) than individuals from other locations. Further- more, prey species found in the stomachs of Virginia specimens were different than those of conspecifics from more southern locations. Higher loads of gastric parasites in Virginia animals may be related to their diet, which in turn is related to the forest cover over natural ponds. Habitat disturbance and parasite preva- lence may have major implications both for larval survival and for the long-term persistence of A. mabeei populations in this portion of their range.
THE ROLE OF CaCO3 DISSOLUTION AS A SOURCE OF HCO3- FOR THE BUFFERING OF HYPERCAPNIC ACIDOSIS IN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

Blood calcium concentrations are elevated during a hypercapnic acidosis in the terrestrial crab Gecarcinus lateralis , but not in the aquatic Callincetes sapidus . The increase occurs concomitantly with a rise in blood HCO 3 - and partial restoration of resting blood pH values. It is believed that in G. lateralis that a source of CaCO 3 , possibly the shell, is being dissolved for buffering purposes.
Pre‐operative risk factors associated with need for vasoepididymostomy at the time of vasectomy reversal

The absence of sperm in the ejaculate after vasectomy reversal is commonly caused by failure to recognize and subsequently bypass epididymal or proximal vasal obstruction at the time of vasectomy reversal. If intra-operative proximal obstruction is suspected, vasoepididymostomy (VE) is recommended rather than vasovasostomy (VV). We sought to calculate the associated risk of needing VE, rather than VV with time from original vasectomy (obstructive interval) using a large cohort of vasectomy reversal patients. We reviewed the electronic and paper vasectomy reversal database by a single surgeon from 1978 through 2012. We performed univariate analysis to identify variables that predicted the need for VE rather than VV, and then combined only significant univariates into our multi-variable analysis. 2697 total men underwent vasectomy reversal, and 239 were repeat procedures. Of the 5296 individual testes operated on, 1029 were VE. Significant variables that predicted the need for VE on univariate analysis included: age, obstructive time interval, vasectomy reversal after previous VV (repeat vasectomy reversal), and year the procedure was performed. On multi-variable analysis significant risk factors for VE were age above 50 (OR 1.36), repeat vasectomy reversal (OR 5.78), and greater obstructive time interval (OR 1.56). For every 3 years since original vasectomy, the risk of needing VE increases by 56%. There is a linear relationship between obstructive interval and need for VE. Men undergoing repeat vasectomy reversal have five times greater risk of requiring VE and men greater than 50 years of age are also at higher risk. Using these pre-operative predictors is helpful in identifying patients who will benefit from referral to an experienced surgeon who can perform VE.
Androgen nuclear exchange activity in rat testis.

Androgen nuclear exchange activity has been measured in the rat testis. Exchange activity was increased 2-10-fold by pretreatment of the tissue with testosterone and persisted for at least 21 days after hypophysectomy in mature animals. Competition for exchange activity using 3H-testosterone or 3H-dihydrotestosterone was significant for a 500-fold excess of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and cyproterone acetate. The activity was found in tubules and in isolated germ cells from mature rat testes. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism of androgen action in the testis may be quite complex and may involve components both in the Sertoli cells and/or early germ cells and in the more mature germ cells as well.
Occurrence of leukemia and lymphoma in patients with agammaglobulinemia.

1) Two case reports of children with congenital agammaglobulinemia who later developed malignant lymphoma are presented. 2) Two additional cases of malignant lymphoma developing in adult patients with hypogammaglobulinemia are reviewed. 3) The occurrence of diseases of this group among patients with this immunologic defect appears to be a greater-than-chance association. Possible reasons for the association are discussed.
Ovarian diapause in three geographic strains of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).

Ovarian diapause and blood feeding by 8- to 12- day-old mosquitoes reared under several photoperiods were compared among the following Culex pipiens populations: Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from Houston, Texas; Cx. p. pipiens from Fort Collins, Colorado; a genetically mixed strain from Memphis, Tennessee; and Houston × Fort Collins hybrids. The Houston mosquitoes (except for 2 of 141) did not enter diapause, even under a 7-h photophase. The Fort Collins strain showed complete diapause with 9 h of light but no diapause with 15 h. Response by the Memphis mosquitoes was intermediate between those of the Houston and Fort Collins strains. Diapause incidence in crosses and backcrosses involving the Houston and Fort Collins stocks correlated negatively with the proportion of their genomes contributed to the various hybrids by the Houston strain. Blood feeding was inhibited by short photophases in the Fort Collins mosquitoes but was largely independent of photoperiod in the Houston and Memphis strains. In nature, the diverse proportions of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus genes carried by hybrid females can be expected to prevent many from entering diapause, extending their potential as St. Louis encephalitis vectors but making their winter survival unlikely.
Non-Linear and Time-Dependent Diffusion of Gold in Amorphous Silicon.

By performing scaling experiments [1] and examining the evolution of the spatial second moment of the concentration profile, it was shown that the diffusion coefficient of gold in amorphous silicon is both concentration and time dependent. The second moment curves for different temperature anneals can be scaled to a master curve using a factor with an activation enthalpy of 2.0 eV.
Modeling Systems-of-Systems from Multiple Design Perspectives: Agents, Interfaces, and Architectures

A domain-agnostic process and tool for agent-based modeling of system-of-systems is presented. The process defines simulation components and focuses development efforts on unique model logic. The corresponding tool is both simulation development framework and run-time host. An example application is described to demonstrate use of the process and tool. Agent development, interface design, and architecture exploration are explicitly facilitated. Support for engineering at multiple levels of hierarchy is guided by the partitioning of simulation logic into a model, a set of architectures for that model, and an application of the model. The approach is notable as it allows systems engineers to undertake design of the facets of system-of-systems engineering that transcend and link constituent systems.
A Retrospective Analysis Of The Association Between Common Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens and Hepatotoxicity

High dose chemotherapy preceding stem cell transplant carries considerable risk of organ toxicity. Hepatic toxicity is one of the major causes of morbidity post transplant. The etiology is multi-factorial, with the common culprits being graft versus host disease as well as the agents used as part of the conditioning regimen. Evidence of pre-existing mild hepatic insufficiency demands an even more cautious approach while selecting a conditioning regimen prior to stem cell transplant. We analyzed the effect of various myeloablative conditioning regimens on post transplant liver function tests (LFT). CEP (cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin), BuCy (busulfan and cyclophosphamide), BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan) and Cy/TBI (cyclophosphamide with total body irradiation) were the four most commonly used regimens for autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) at our center. A total of 404 patients were treated with CEP (210), BuCy (76), CyTBI (71) or BEAM (47) from 1988 to 2013. The majority of the patients underwent an auto-SCT for lymphoma (218 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 98 Hodgkin’s lymphoma), while 67 transplant patients had leukemia. Patient age ranged from 17 to 73 years at the time of transplant, and the sex distribution revealed a male:female ratio of 1.5:1. We looked at the incidence of total bilirubin greater than 2 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase greater than upper limit of normal, ALT greater than 126 U/L and AST greater than 82 U/L. The outcome of univariate analysis using chi-square test demonstrated statistically significant inter-group variability for three of the LFTs. CyTBI had the lowest incidence of hepatic insufficiency. Further analysis comparing CyTBI to the other three regimens, confirmed a highly significant statistical difference (p<0.01 by two-sided Fisher’s Exact test, see table below) in elevation of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase as well as both the transaminases, favoring Cy/TBI as the safer regimen. This is an interesting finding given the common perception that TBI-based regimens are more toxic. View this table: Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An Analysis of Sentinel Iymph Node Biopsy Marked with Domestic Methylene Blue for 64 Cases with Breast Cancer

[Purpose] To evaluate the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) for predicting the axillary lymph node metastases of breast cancer. [Methods] Sixty-four cases with primary breast cancer stageⅠandⅡin negative axillary lymph node or positive with non-metastases were performed mapping procedures and SLNB using methylene blue injected at the site of the primary breast cancer followed by the axillary lymph node dissection(ALND). All of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) and axillary lymph node (ALN) were evaluated pathologically (HE) after operation. [Results] SLN was identified in 53 cases(82.8%,53/64). The axillary lymph nodal status was accurately predicated by 91.4% (32/35) without false-negative SLN in (T1,T2) N0M0 group. Both overall positive and negative predicative values were 100% (5/5,30/30). The axillary lymph nodal status was accurately predicated by 72.2%(13/18) with 4 cases of false-negative SLN in (T1,T2)N1M0 group. Axillae didn't affect the accuracy of SLNB, but it reduced the accuracy of predicting ALN by SLN. Post-operative lymphatic mapping with SLN reduced the accuracy while injecting methylene blue within 60 minutes didn't affect the accuracy of SLNB. [Conclusion] Intraoperative lymphatic mapping with methylene blue and SLNB in high positive ratio can accurately predict the axillary lymph node status of breast cancer (T1,T2)N0M0.
Epidemiological Study of Encephalitis B during 2003-2004 in Jieyang City

Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of encephalitis B during 2003-2004 in Jieyung city and to discuss the prevention and control of encephalitis B. Method Epidemiological field investigations and laboratory examinations were conducted. Results There were 63 cases of encephalitis B. 3 of them died, with a mortality rate of 4.76%. Most of the cases were found in Puning county, accounted for 55.6% of total cases. The peak of the outbreak was in June. The age of the patients was mainly below 10 years old, especially the children who had not been vaccinated. Conclusions The peak of outbreak of encephalitis B in Jieyang area was in June. Patients were mainly children without vaccination. Enforcement in the health education and vaccination are the important means of preventing the outbreak of encephalitis B.
Ovarian Carcinoma Surveillance Counterpoint: USA

It would be difficult to find another aspect of the management of epithelial ovarian cancer that is less evidence-based than any suggested statement regarding the “optimal” or “appropriate” follow-up strategy for patients who have completed their primary treatment program [1]. In the large majority of situations, primary treatment consists of an attempt at maximal surgical cytoreduction and a platinum/taxane-based combination chemotherapy regimen [2, 3].
α-synuclein conformational antibodies fused to penetratin are effective in models of Lewy body disease.

Objective Progressive accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy body (DLB). The mechanisms through which α-syn leads to neurodegeneration are not completely clear; however, the formation of various oligomeric species have been proposed to play a role. Antibody therapy has shown effectiveness at reducing α-syn accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS); however, most of these studies have been conducted utilizing antibodies that recognize both monomeric and higher molecular weight α-syn. In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapy with single-chain antibodies (scFVs) against specific conformational forms of α-syn fused to a novel brain penetrating sequence. Method We screened various scFVs against α-syn expressed from lentiviral vectors by intracerebral injections in an α-syn tg model. The most effective scFVs were fused to the cell-penetrating peptide penetratin to enhance transport across the blood–brain barrier, and lentiviral vectors were constructed and tested for efficacy following systemic delivery intraperitoneal into α-syn tg mice. Result Two scFVs (D5 and 10H) selectively targeted different α-syn oligomers and reduced the accumulation of α-syn and ameliorated functional deficits when delivered late in disease development; however, only one of the antibodies (D5) was also effective when delivered early in disease development. These scFVs were also utilized in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay to monitor the effects of immunotherapy on α-syn oligomers in brain and plasma. Interpretation The design and targeting of antibodies for specific species of α-syn oligomers is crucial for therapeutic immunotherapy and might be of relevance for the treatment of Lewy body disease.
Imagining Science Education Through Ethnographies of Neoliberal Resistance

ABSTRACTThis article describes translation of research on resistance against neoliberalism into the curriculum of a science teacher certification program. It examines the way that the discourse of STEM reorganizes science as a neoliberal project. It summarizes the author’s ethnographic work on street medicine, i.e., the medical practices developed to support patients in states of emergency and, centrally, protesters at counter neoliberal/corporate globalization protests as a technoscientific counter-neoliberal practice. Finally, it describes how this analysis of STEM and ethnographic work informs our teacher education work, resulting in a program we call STEAMD: Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Math, and Democracy.
Data handling with SAM and art at the NOνA experiment

During operations, NOvA produces between 5,000 and 7,000 raw files per day with peaks in excess of 12,000. These files must be processed in several stages to produce fully calibrated and reconstructed analysis files. In addition, many simulated neutrino interactions must be produced and processed through the same stages as data. To accommodate the large volume of data and Monte Carlo, production must be possible both on the Fermilab grid and on off-site farms, such as the ones accessible through the Open Science Grid. To handle the challenge of cataloging these files and to facilitate their off-line processing, we have adopted the SAM system developed at Fermilab. SAM indexes files according to metadata, keeps track of each file's physical locations, provides dataset management facilities, and facilitates data transfer to off-site grids. To integrate SAM with Fermilab's art software framework and the NOvA production workflow, we have developed methods to embed metadata into our configuration files, art files, and standalone ROOT files. A module in the art framework propagates the embedded information from configuration files into art files, and from input art files to output art files, allowing us to maintain a complete processing history within our files. Embedding metadata in configuration files also allows configuration files indexed in SAM to be used as inputs to Monte Carlo production jobs. Further, SAM keeps track of the input files used to create each output file. Parentage information enables the construction of self-draining datasets which have become the primary production paradigm used at NOvA. In this paper we will present an overview of SAM at NOvA and how it has transformed the file production framework used by the experiment.
Integrated optical addressing of ion qubits with waveguide-based focusing gratings

Waveguide optics integrated within planar ion traps can enable scalable addressing of atomic ions with diffraction-limited, focused beams. We discuss our experimental work on integrated optics based on such devices for large-scale trapped-ion quantum information processing.
Syncope on presentation is a surrogate for submassive and massive acute pulmonary embolism.

Abstract Introduction There are conflicting data regarding the prognostic value of syncope in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods We retrospectively reviewed data of 552 consecutive adults with computed tomography pulmonary angiogram-confirmed APE to determine the correlates and outcome of the occurrence of syncope at the time of presentation. Results Among 552 subjects with APE (mean age 54 years, 47% men), syncope occurred in 12.3% (68/552). Compared with subjects without syncope, those with syncope were more likely to have admission systolic blood pressure 100 bpm. There was no difference in mortality in cases with APE with or without syncope (P = 0.412). Conclusion Syncope at the onset of pulmonary embolization is a surrogate for submassive and massive APE but is not associated with higher in-hospital mortality.
Dissociated Language Disorders in Bilinguals

Bilinguals can present language disorders not completely equivalent in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages. In this chapter five neuropsychological conditions that can potentially be linguistically dissociated in bilinguals will be examined: aphasia, alexia, dysphasia, dyslexia, and dementia. In bilingual individuals, aphasia is usually observed in both languages, although the specific aphasia clinical manifestations can be different. The aphasia profile (i.e., type of aphasia) and severity, as well as the pattern of recovery, are not necessarily coincidental in L1 and L2. Alexia can be dissociated across different writing systems, across two phonological systems; and even within the same Latin writing system. In children presenting a specific language acquisition impairment the defect will affect any language the child is exposed to. However, bilingual children are rarely equivalently exposed to each language. Developmental dyslexia can have specific manifestations in each of the languages in bilingual children. These differences are related to the characteristics of the orthographic system, particularly, its transparency or opacity. It is assumed that in bilingual individuals, regression to a primary language may be associated with the development of cognitive impairment and increased risk for the development of dementia.
Resistance to Cypress Canker Disease in Italian cypress has desirable effects on disease epidemiology, but may fail against novel genotypes of the pathogen Seiridium cardinale.

Abstract Prevention is hailed as the only successful and cost-effective approach to control the introduction of exotic forest pathogens, and several international policies are in place to avoid such introductions. However, once a pathogen has been introduced and is widely spread in a novel range, regulations are relaxed. Concerns have been voiced about the detrimental consequences of the introduction of multiple genotypes of a pathogen, but evidence about such consequences has rarely been documented. Cypress Canker Disease (CCD) is a pandemic lethal disease of plants in the family Cupressaceae caused by the fungal pathogen Seiridium cardinale (W.W. Wagener) B. Sutton & I.A.S. Gibson (Sc). Sc is native to California, where populations are genetically diversified, while widely spread CCD outbreaks in the Mediterranean basin have been caused by the introduction of a single genotype. Resistant plant clones have been selected in Italy based on long-term field tests using a representative Mediterranean Sc genotype. Here we use a 90-day greenhouse trial on 419 21-month old grafts to test the response of four putatively resistant and three putatively susceptible clones of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) against one Mediterranean and five Californian fungal genotypes. By measuring mortality, size of the lesion caused by the fungus on the stem, and fungal sporulation, we ask the following questions: (1) Does the fast greenhouse assay confirm results of the extended field trials; (2) Is resistance confirmed for all putatively resistant clones when using a broad representation of the pathogen; and, (3) Does resistance have the potential to reduce transmission rates of the pathogen, thus potentially slowing down the CCD epidemic? Results indicated that: (1) Lesion size, but not seedlings’ survival, can be used as metric to measure resistance in small grafted ramets; (2) One of four putatively resistant plant clones was considered susceptible at the end of the trial; and, (3) Sporulation was significantly lower in resistant than in susceptible plant clones. Based on these results, we conclude that resistance may be a viable disease control approach in this pathosystem due to the effect it has on both plant survival and fungal sporulation. However, we also conclude that resistance can be considered robust and effective against the pathogen species in its entirety, only if tested using several fungal genotypes. This study is one of the first to show that multiple introductions of a pathogen could break down host resistance and have a measurable detrimental effect on native ecosystems, suggesting that international policies should be revised accordingly.
Clockwork Rebooted: Is the Universe a Computer?

The idea of grounding physics in principles of computation and an information ontology by considering the universe as fundamentally a digital computing entity has been of increasing interest over the past several decades. It has been claimed in some versions of this approach that this entity is a cellular automaton. The most literal version of the idea that the universe is a “giant quantum computer” has been advocated recently by Seth Lloyd—who traces it back to previous work, including that of Zuse, Fredkin, and, less plausibly, Feynman—on the grounds that it provides a novel explanation for the complexity currently seen in the universe. In particular, it is claimed that the simulation of the known physical universe by an abstract automaton is sufficient for the ontological identification of the former with the latter. Here, a critical analysis of the arguments for this picture of the physical world is given in which both the similarity of it to the past picture of the world as a mechanical clockwork and the difference of it from existing physical theory are discussed. It is shown that the claim that the universe is an enormous computer, like the thesis that it is an enormous clockwork, is unwarranted, whatever value it might have for moving beyond previous mathematical approaches to physics through a move to discrete descriptions of physical processes.
Cingulate Gyrus and Supplementary Motor Correlates of Vocalization in Man

Historically, study of the pathology and physiology of the speech areas on the frontal convexity, and the analysis of patterns of motor aphasia resulting from damage to these areas, have formed the basis for our understanding of processes underlying speech production. However, from the earliest days of research on central speech disorders there have been hints that regions on the mesial surface of the frontal lobes played an equally important role. This paper reviews current knowledge of the functions of these regions, the anterior cingulate gyrus (AC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA), from the standpoint of the clinical effects of brain pathology. The different forms of speech disturbance and action disorder observed with lesions of these areas, seizure discharge or electrical stimulation, provide data relevant to a theory on the microtemporal processing of an action sequence, according to which AC and SMA mediate early stages in the entrainment of action components.
Resistance at mealtimes for persons with dementia.

Background: For persons unable to feed themselves, resistance to assistance with meals may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality because of inadequate nutritional intake. Additionally, unwillingness to accept food offered has social and ethical implications in all cultures and may influence caregiving. Objective: As part of a larger study, this analysis sought to determine if resistance or willingness to accept assistance at meals by persons with dementia could be predicted by various personal interaction and contextual factors. Design: Resistance was studied in a sample of 53 nursing home residents with late-stage dementia who were assisted at meals by CNAs. Using the EdFED - Q (Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Questionnaire), two groups of individuals who were being fed were identified: those who resisted assistance (n = 23) and those who accepted assistance (n = 30). Proportion of food consumed was determined by percentage of weight decrease in food offered. Results: Differences between the two groups were identified. Although not differing in degree of cognitive impairment as measured by the MMSE or Body Mass Index, significant differences (p <.05) were found in level of functioning as measured by the Global Deterioration Scale, the proportion of food consumed and amount of time taken to assist with the meal. Resistors showed significantly different interaction behaviors in 8 of the 10 on the Interaction Behavior Measure - Modified when correlated with food consumed (r =.49 -.68, p <.02). Conclusion: When examining resistance to feeding a variety of factors must be examined, including the quality of the interaction between the caregiver and the person being fed.
Potassium conservation is impaired in mice with reduced renal expression of Kir4.1

To better understand the role of the inward-rectifying K channel Kir4.1 (KCNJ10) in the distal nephron, we initially studied a global Kir4.1 knockout mouse (gKO), which demonstrated the hypokalemia...
Assessment of Incorrect Surgical Procedures Within and Outside the Operating Room: A Follow-up Study From US Veterans Health Administration Medical Centers.

Importance Reducing wrong-site surgery is fundamental to safe, high-quality care. This is a follow-up study examining 8 years of reported surgical adverse events and root causes in the nation’s largest integrated health care system. Objectives To provide a follow-up description of incorrect surgical procedures reported from 2010 to 2017 from US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers, compared with the previous studies of 2001 to 2006 and 2006 to 2009, and to recommend actions for future prevention of such events. Design, Setting, and Participants This quality improvement study describes patient safety adverse events and close calls reported from 86 VHA medical centers from the approximately 130 VHA facilities with a surgical program. The surgical procedures and programs vary in size and complexity from small rural centers to large, complex urban facilities. Procedures occurring between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, were included. Data analysis took place in 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The categories of incorrect procedure types were wrong patient, side, site (including wrong-level spine), procedure, or implant. Events included those in or out of the operating room, adverse events or close calls, surgical specialty, and harm. These results were compared with the previous studies of VHA-reported wrong-site surgery (2001-2006 and 2006-2009). Results Our review produced 483 reports (277 adverse events and 206 close calls). The rate of in–operating room (in-OR) reported adverse events with harm has continued to trend downward from 1.74 to 0.47 reported adverse events with harm per 100 000 procedures between 2000 and 2017 based on 6 591 986 in-OR procedures. When in-OR events were examined by discipline as a rate, dentistry had 1.54, neurosurgery had 1.53, and ophthalmology had 1.06 reported in-OR adverse events per 10 000 cases. The overall VHA in-OR rate for adverse events during 2010 to 2017 was 0.53 per 10 000 procedures based on 3 234 514 in-OR procedures. The most common root cause for adverse events was related to issues in performing a comprehensive time-out (28.4%). In these cases, the time-out either was conducted incorrectly or was incomplete in some way. Conclusions and Relevance Over the period studied, the VHA identified a decrease in the rate of reported adverse events in the OR associated with harm and continued reporting of adverse event close calls. Organizational efforts continue to examine root cause analysis reports, promulgate lessons learned, and enhance policy to promote a culture and behavior that minimizes events and is transparent in reporting occurrences.
Imaging predictors for malignant transformation of inverted papilloma

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Inverted papillomas (IPs) are benign tumors of the sinonasal tract with a malignant transformation potential. Predicting the transformation propensity of IPs and corresponding risk factors has long been a challenge. In this study, we aimed to use radiographic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to help differentiate IP from IP-transformed squamous cell carcinomas (IP-SCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed at two institutions comparing IP (n = 76) and IP-SCC (n = 66) tumors, evaluating preoperative radiographic imaging with corresponding surgical pathology reports. The presence of a convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP) using postcontrast T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI was evaluated. Using MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), we calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of each tumor. We also determined the tumor origin, attachment sites, and presence of bony erosion using CT imaging. RESULTS Benign IPs had a higher prevalence of CCP on MRI compared to IP-transformed SCC (P = .0001. The mean value ADC of malignant IP-SCC (ADCb0,1000 = 1.12 × 10-3 mm2 /s) was significantly lower than that of benign IPs (ADCb0,1000 = 1.49 × 10-3 mm2 /s, P = .002). IP-SCC tumors were more likely to be have orbital wall attachment (P = .002) and bony erosion (P < .0001) compared to IPs. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of CCP and DWI with ADC values on MRI are promising qualitative and quantitative methods to help differentiate benign IP tumors from their transformed malignant counterparts. Malignant IP-SCCs are associated with a loss of CCP and lower ADC values. Findings of orbital wall involvement and bony erosion on CT may also help determine presence of malignancy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 129:777-782, 2019.
Radiation Effects Characterization of TI LMT01-SP 1 High Accuracy 2-pin Temperature Sensor

LMT01-SP is a high accuracy two pin Temp Sensor being released for Space applications. LMT01-SP has been characterized to pass Total Dose (TID) of 100Krads. It is shown to be Latch-up immune upto 93.17 MeV-cm2 /mg, and has very low cross section for Single Event Transients.
A practical route to enantiopure 1,2-aminoalcohols

Abstract A series of enantiopure aminoalcohols were synthesized from the corresponding diols by activation of the diols as cyclic carbonates, azide opening of the carbonates, and hydrogenation of the resulting azidoalcohols. Factors affecting the azide opening of the carbonates, a simple workup procedure, and a large scale synthesis of (1R,2S)-(−)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol are described.
Metamers of neural networks reveal divergence from human perceptual systems

Deep neural networks have been embraced as models of sensory systems, instantiating representational transformations that appear to resemble those in the visual and auditory systems. To more thoroughly investigate their similarity to biological systems, we synthesized model metamers – stimuli that produce the same responses at some stage of a network’s representation. We generated model metamers for natural stimuli by performing gradient descent on a noise signal, matching the responses of individual layers of image and audio networks to a natural image or speech signal. The resulting signals reflect the invariances instantiated in the network up to the matched layer. We then measured whether model metamers were recognizable to human observers – a necessary condition for the model representations to replicate those of humans. Although model metamers from early network layers were recognizable to humans, those from deeper layers were not. Auditory model metamers became more human-recognizable with architectural modifications that reduced aliasing from pooling operations, but those from the deepest layers remained unrecognizable. We also used the metamer test to compare model representations. Cross-model metamer recognition dropped off for deeper layers, roughly at the same point that human recognition deteriorated, indicating divergence across model representations. The results reveal discrepancies between model and human representations, but also show how metamers can help guide model refinement and elucidate model representations.
Why Should we Combine Training and Post-Training Methods for Out-of-Distribution Detection?

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they have been trained on since they are making overconfident prediction for Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) examples. OOD detection has attracted a lot of attention recently. In this paper, we review some of the most seminal recent algorithms in the OOD detection field, we divide those methods into training and post-training and we experimentally show how the combination of the former with the latter can achieve state-of-the-art results in the OOD detection task.
Confronting campus sexual assault

Sexual Citizens is one of the products of a 5-year study of undergraduates at Columbia University called the Sexual Health Initiative to Foster Transformation (SHIFT). The goal of SHIFT was to identify the social causes of campus sexual assault in order to develop more effective prevention strategies. This mixed-methods project, involving nearly 30 researchers from multiple disciplines, included a population-based survey, a 60-day daily diary study, 17 focus groups, multihour interviews, and hundreds of hours of ethnographic field observation of students socializing in various settings.
Golden Pothos viability in engineered mixed bed growth media containing ionic liquids for plant-based building air filtration systems

Abstract The viability of the Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) plants in different formulations of engineered growth media were evaluated for application in plant-based air filtration systems. To enhance filtration capability, the growth media was engineered to improve toxin capture ability with the aim of maintaining a plant-friendly environment. The growth media used in this study was a hydroponic media composed of activated carbon and porous glass (Growstone). Wet granulation was performed to create a mixed bed of the growth media composed of 40% activated carbon and 60% Growstone. Ionic liquids were tethered to the activated carbon to enhance the toxin capacity and selectivity and then granulated with Growstone to form the enhanced growth media. Two ionic liquids were utilized in this study: 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and were selected for their air toxin absorption capacity and reported low toxicity. Eighteen Golden Pothos plants were transplanted to hydroponic and monitored over a period of 40 days in the engineered growth media. Plant metrics were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. No statistical difference in normalized growth by % weight gain between the ionic-liquid containing media and the ionic liquid-free growth media was found, however, a statistical difference was observed between the 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and the choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide containing growth medias. The results of this study illustrate that any ionic liquids identified as good candidates based upon their air filtration ability and basic toxicity studies need to be evaluated first for plant viability before studying the efficacy of the full plant-based air filtration system for toxin removal.
Computer Tools for Diagnosing Citrus Leaf Symptoms (Part 1): Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS)

This new 2-page article provides instructions for using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System, or DRIS, a web tool designed for analyzing leaf nutrient concentrations of Florida citrus. Written by Arnold Schumann and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.
Surface immobilized copper(I) diimine photosensitizers as molecular probes for elucidating the effects of confinement at interfaces for solar energy conversion

Heteroleptic copper(I) bis(phenanthroline) complexes with surface anchoring carboxylate groups have been synthesized and immobilized on nanoporous metal oxide substrates. The species investigated are responsive to the external environment and this work provides a new strategy to control charge transfer processes for efficient solar energy conversion.
Identification of Supporting Hyperplanes in Scenario Optimisation Problems with Random Linear Constraints

Uncertain optimisation problems often require satisfaction of possibly infinite constraints, corresponding to each realisation of the uncertain phenomena influencing the problem setup. To find an approximate solution to such problems, randomised approaches such as the scenario approach can be employed where only a finite sample of these constraints are looked at. However, to have a strong probabilistic guarantee on the feasibility of the scenario solution for the original problem, we still need a large number of constraints. This leads to intractability of the scenario problems as well. In this paper we propose a method to remove redundant constraints in the scenario problem, prior to solving the problem itself. We consider a specific class of scenario problems with linear inequality constraints subject to one additive and one multiplicative uncertain parameter. The proposed method exploits the system structure to identify the supporting constraints and it is based on rigorous theoretical footings. The working of the method is also illustrated with the help of a numerical problem.
Towards conceptions of green gentrification as more-than-human:

This article seeks to expand scholarly conceptions of green gentrification by emphasizing the complex and contradictory connections between nonhumans and humans as critical for understanding neighb...
Update on medical management of acute hip fracture

Morbidity and mortality rates associated with acute hip fracture remain high. Over the past decade, the management of hip fracture has shifted to emphasize prompt surgical treatment, multimodal analgesia to reduce opioid use, and incorporation of enhanced recovery pathways. Preoperative evaluation focuses on acutely correctable problems, with the understanding that delaying surgery may worsen the outcome. Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, treatment of preoperative anemia and acute kidney injury, and cardiac stabilization are important measures to reduce morbidity. Multimodal analgesia incorporating regional anesthesia techniques may help prevent delirium and facilitate early participation in physical therapy to reduce complications.