cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A solution calorimetric investigation of K-Na mixing in a sanidine-analbite ion-exchange series

Heats of solution have been measured for seven members of a sanidine-analbite ion­ exchange series in 20.1 percent HF at 49 .7°C under isoperibolic conditions. A cubic least­ squares fit to the heat-of-solution data from twenty-eight experiments yields :
VDR/vitamin D receptor regulates autophagic activity through ATG16L1

The Paneth cell is a unique intestinal epithelial cell that can sense the gut microbiome and secrete anti-microbial peptides, thereby playing critical roles in the maintenance of homeostasis at the intestinal-microbial interface. These roles in regulating innate immunity and intestinal microbial ecology are dependent on a functional autophagy pathway through ATG16L1. ATG16L1 is a regulator for autophagy and a risk gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We demonstrated that a low VDR/vitamin D receptor level in the intestine is associated with abnormal Paneth cells, impaired autophagy function, and imbalanced bacterial profile (dysbiosis), accompanied by a reduction of ATG16L1. We determined that VDR transcriptionally regulates ATG16L1 as a VDR target gene. Administration of the bacterial product butyrate increases intestinal VDR expression and suppresses inflammation in a colitis model. Thus, our study indicates that VDR may be a determinant of IBD risk through its actions on ATG16L1. These insights can be leveraged to define therapeutic targets for restoring Paneth cells and autophagy through VDR in chronic inflammation. It may also have applicability for infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases associated with skin or lung, where the host is in contact with bacteria.
Comparative Bullet Lead Analysis: A Retrospective

For over thirty years, FBI experts testified about comparative bullet lead analysis (CBLA), a technique that was first used in the investigation into President Kennedy’s assassination. CBLA compares trace chemicals found in bullets at crime scenes with ammunition found in the possession of a suspect. This technique was used by the FBI when firearms (“ballistics”) identification could not be employed – for example, if the weapon was not recovered or the bullet was too mutilated to compare striations. Although the FBI eventually ceased using CBLA, the Bureau’s conduct in first employing the technique and then defending it after it was challenged provides an invaluable insight into how forensic science sometimes works.
A Comparison of Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Uninsured Individuals in the United States: Health Beliefs and Satisfaction With Providers

This study compared three age groups of uninsured adults, young (26-44), middle-aged (45-64), and older (65≥), to examine heterogeneity of the uninsured. The pooled 2000-2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was analyzed (N = 22,246). The findings demonstrated that the three groups were very different regarding their individual characteristics, health service utilization, and health beliefs. Compared with uninsured young adults, uninsured middle-aged individuals reported worse health statuses, paid higher out-of-pocket medical expenditures, and had more positive attitudes toward insurance and health care. Considering the policy goals of the Affordable Care Act, understanding the uninsured by age will facilitate targeted interventions to decrease the number of uninsured.
Cytogenetic patterns following bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Abstract Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only treatment with a potential to cure chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). Cytogenetic markers, including the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), t(9;22)(q34;q11), allow follow-up of these patients after BMT for engraftment and remission status. A variety of cytogenetic patterns have been observed after BMT for CGL. A number of patients experience cytogenetic relapse or mixed chimerism with normal cytogenetics. Furthermore, these types of complications may increase after T-cell depleted BMT. We have closely followed six patients with Ph-positive CGL treated with T-cell depleted bone marrow for 169–720 days after BMT. A number of different cytogenetic patterns were found. The first patient, transplanted while in accelerated phase, relapsed at 155 days with the same clonal abnormalities and died in blast crisis. Four other patients were found to have cytogenetic relapses between days +41 and +233. In every case the Ph reappeared along with other clonal and nonclonal abnormalities, some of which were transient. All four patients presented with hematologic relapse several months after cytogenetic relapse. The final patient has mixed chimerism with Ph-negative cells and continues to be in clinical remission. Close cytogenetic follow-up of CGL patients after BMT can provide important information about early changes in engraftment and remission status.
Mobile Broadband System Evolution and RF Technology Requirements for User Equipment

A review of the evolution of the air interface standards supporting personal mobile services, from voice communications to broadband video and high rate data transmission, leads to a discussion of the impact on technology requirements for the RF components needed for the generation of radio transmission from user equipment.
Rapport and friendship in ethnographic research

Most ethnographic fieldwork texts advise us to develop rapport with research participants. Fewer warn us of the problems that might ensue. This paper focuses on rapport's relationship to friendship in ethnographic work and discusses the instrumental role of rapport, the problematic role of friendship, and confusion in interpreting rapport‐building behavior. In traditional ethnographic research, rapport is a trust‐building mechanism that primarily serves the interests of the researcher. Friendship is different from rapport and can confound research objectivity. Yet the similarity of rapport‐building behavior to friendship‐developing behavior can cause misunderstandings and feelings of deception by the researcher and her#shhis others.
A novel frequency based current-to-digital converter with programmable dynamic range

This work describes a novel frequency based current to digital converter, which is fully realizable on a single chip. This project affords an extremely low power converter technology that is also very space efficient. The converter is completely asynchronous which yields ultra-low power during standby operation (approximately 5 nW). The input current range is programmable, and the minimum detectable current could reach the range of picoampere or even lower. System structure, operational principle, and chip test results are given in this paper.
The use of immunological methods to study the activity of cellulase isozymes (B 1:4 glucan 4-glucan hydrolase) in bean leaf abscission

Abstract The changes in the levels of two different isozymes of cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) have been followed during the abscission of the primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris c.v. Red Kidney), using antibodies raised against the 9.5 form of the enzyme. Data from both radioimmune and direct assay show that the 9.5 form of cellulase is undetectable prior to the induction of abscission. After a 12 h lag this isozyme increases in activity, the increase preceding a decrease in integrity of the abscission zone cell walls. The results are consistent not only with the view that this specific isozyme is involved in wall hydrolysis but also with previous data which showed that cellulase is synthesized ‘de novo’. The 4.5 isozyme of cellulase is more widely spread throughout the plant, being most active in young tissues. During abscission the activity of this isozyme in the abscission layer falls and consequently it is not thought to be involved directly in the abscission process.
A note on sample-path stability conditions for input-output processes

Using sample-path (deterministic asymptotic) analysis, we show that an input-output process is stable, in the sense that its growth is o(t) as t approaches infinity, if the exogenous input rate, and the output rate while the process is in sufficiently large states, are both well defined and finite and the latter is greater than the former. This generalizes a known result for the workload process in a G/G/1 queue. We give other examples in which these conditions can be expressed in terms of primary quantities and thus checked a priori.
Availability Modeling and Analysis of Autonomous In-Door WSNs

Availability analysis and modeling in autonomous and remotely administered systems that are composed of cheap and failure-prone components is vital to redundancy management, which includes the prediction of the required number of components and the way these components are scheduled ON and OFF. Targeting the application of wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of elder people living in their apartments, we use techniques from reliability theory to model the WSN as a kappa-out-of m system with independent components. In addition to predicting the required redundancy to meet the desired availability behavior early in the planning phase, we show that scheduling these nodes ON and OFF later on in the operational phase does indeed improve availability over the entire system lifetime. To validate our model, we design a simulator using nesC/TOSSIM. Our analytical and experimental results show that using node scheduling almost doubles the expected WSN total uptime.
Susceptibility and resistance of rats to stress-induced decreases in swim-test activity: a selective breeding study

In this study, selective breeding was used to generate two populations of rats that differed in their susceptibility to showing decreased struggling activity in a swim test after being exposed to uncontrollable electric tail-shock. After five generations of selective breeding, we obtained a population that displayed large decreases in swim-test struggling after shock (swim-test susceptible) and a population that displayed no decrease in struggling after shock (swim-test resistant). Males of this fifth generation from the two selectively-bred populations were then compared for differences in non-swim behavioral measures (home-cage 24-h spontaneous ambulatory activity and food/water intake) and several aspects of brain catecholaminergic activity, including electrophysiological activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, catecholamine/metabolite concentrations in various brain regions, and in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Interestingly, swim-test resistant rats displayed larger decreases in home-cage ambulatory activity and water intake after exposure to shock than did swim-test susceptible animals. Marked differences were also seen in measures of brain noradrenergic activity. Compared to the susceptible rats, resistant rats showed higher levels of evoked activity of LC neurons, larger shock-induced depletions of norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the LC, lower in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in ventral bundle projection areas such as the hypothalamus, and larger amounts of NE in dorsal bundle projection areas. Finally, swim-test resistant rats had much higher concentrations of dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in striatum and nucleus accumbens than susceptible rats. These results appear to be explainable on the basis that differences in swim-test struggling behavior for which the two populations were selectively bred were a consequence of differences in forebrain DA whereas stress-induced differences in other behavioral measures (i.e. spontaneous ambulation and intake) occurred because swim-test resistant animals showed greater disturbance of the LC-NE system after uncontrollable shock.
Enterprise risk management: An empirical analysis of factors associated with the extent of implementation

Abstract Enterprise risk management (ERM) has emerged as a new paradigm for managing the portfolio of risks that face organizations, and policy makers continue to focus on mechanisms to improve corporate governance and risk management. Despite these developments, there is little research on factors associated with the implementation of ERM. Research is needed to provide insights as to why some organizations are responding to changing risk profiles by embracing ERM and others are not. This exploratory study examines factors associated with the stage of ERM implementation at a variety of US and international organizations. Based on data gathered from 123 organizations, we find the stage of ERM implementation to be positively related to the presence of a chief risk officer, board independence, CEO and CFO apparent support for ERM, the presence of a Big Four auditor, entity size, and entities in the banking, education, and insurance industries. We also find US organizations to have less-developed ERM processes than international organizations. We believe this paper will provide an initial foundation for more advanced research about ERM.
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage After Glaucoma Filtering Surgery

We reviewed a series of 305 consecutive glaucoma filtering procedures performed by one surgeon. Five eyes (1.6%) had a postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage. All five eyes were aphakic, and four had undergone a partial or complete vitrectomy before the glaucoma surgery. The incidence of this complication was 13% (five of 37) among the aphakic eyes and 33% (four of 12) in the aphakic, vitrectomized eyes in this series. Despite drainage of the hemorrhage and reformation of the anterior chamber, three patients had a poor visual outcome.
Predicting Academic Success in Introduction to Computers.

AbstractBiographical, temperament, and aptitude data were collected/or two semesters from students enrolled in Introduction to Computers at Northwest Missouri State University. A regression model to predict course grade was constructed from the Fall 1975 semester's data. Although several significant correlations were found, only college grade point average and general intelligence contributed significantly to the model. When the Spring 1976 semester's data were entered into the model, over 40% of the variance in the course grade was explained.
Representing life in the Earth system with soil microbial functional traits in the MIMICS model

Abstract. Projecting biogeochemical responses to global environmental change requires multi-scaled perspectives that consider organismal diversity, ecosystem processes, and global fluxes. However, microbes, the drivers of soil organic matter decomposition and stabilization, remain notably absent from models used to project carbon (C) cycle–climate feedbacks. We used a microbial trait-based soil C model with two physiologically distinct microbial communities, and evaluate how this model represents soil C storage and response to perturbations. Drawing from the application of functional traits used to model other ecosystems, we incorporate copiotrophic and oligotrophic microbial functional groups in the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model; these functional groups are akin to "gleaner" vs. "opportunist" plankton in the ocean, or r- vs. K-strategists in plant and animal communities. Here we compare MIMICS to a conventional soil C model, DAYCENT (the daily time-step version of the CENTURY model), in cross-site comparisons of nitrogen (N) enrichment effects on soil C dynamics. MIMICS more accurately simulates C responses to N enrichment; moreover, it raises important hypotheses involving the roles of substrate availability, community-level enzyme induction, and microbial physiological responses in explaining various soil biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. In global-scale analyses, we show that MIMICS projects much slower rates of soil C accumulation than a conventional soil biogeochemistry in response to increasing C inputs with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) – a finding that would reduce the size of the land C sink estimated by the Earth system. Our findings illustrate that tradeoffs between theory and utility can be overcome to develop soil biogeochemistry models that evaluate and advance our theoretical understanding of microbial dynamics and soil biogeochemical responses to environmental change.
Blood flow and pressure in the giraffe carotid artery

1. 1. Carotid artery blood pressure and blood flow were measured and telemetered from wild giraffes ranging freely on the African plains. 2. 2. The blood pressure ranged between 260/160 mm Hg when the animal was lying flat, and 120/75 mm Hg when it was standing upright; dp/dt at the onset of systole was 1500 mm/sec. 3. 3. Peak systolic blood velocity measured at the same site was 60 cm/sec; during diastole velocity remained above 40 cm/sec. Calculated blood flow in the carotid artery ranged between 50 cm3/sec in the prone animal, and 35 cm3/sec in the standing. 4. 4. XY plots of flow and pressure produced open clockwise loops which varied in shape with activity and posture; such phase differences probably reflect mechanical properties peculiar to the giraffe's arterial system.
Excess mortality in the Soviet Union: a reconsideration of the demographic consequences of forced industrialization 1929-1949

A reconsideration of the extent of excess mortality resulting from the policy of forced industrialization in the USSR between 1929 and 1949 is presented. The study is based on recently published adjusted serial data on natality in the 1930s and on data from the suppressed census of 1937. These data suggest that excess mortality due to Stalins policies including the forced labor camp system may have involved a minimum of 12.6 million and a maximum of more than 23.5 million deaths. Various alternative estimates using different methods and data sources are compared.
Pain Management for Entrepreneurs: Working with Venture Capital

Although information systems security is acknowledged as one of technology's most critical areas of need, there is a sizable gap between available technical approaches to security and the capabilities of current commercial products. This reflects acknowledged issues in technology transfer. The author, a veteran of both information security research and commercial security product venture capital organizations, provides a discussion of the motivations and considerations associated with this part of the technology transfer world.
Impact of age, comorbidity and symptoms on physical function in long-term breast cancer survivors (CALGB 70803)

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of aging, comorbidities and symptoms on physical function in patients surviving 20 years since adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Patients and methods Patients were originally treated on CALGB 7581 (from 1975 to 1980), a randomized trial of three adjuvant therapies and reassessed (153 of 193 eligible survivors) 20 years from the onset of therapy for physical function and symptoms by the EORTC QLQ-C30 and comorbidities by the OARS questionnaire. Results The average age at reassessment was 64.5 years. 66% of patients had at least two comorbidities and 22% had four or more, but relatively little interference with activities. Older patients had greater multimorbidity. Physical function was generally high and comparable to matched population norms. Older patients had greater difficulty with strenuous activities. For every increase in number of comorbidities, physical function score decreased by 5.1 (p Conclusion Very long-term cancer survivors have changes in physical function and symptoms largely consistent with their aging suggesting that the impact of cancer and its treatment is attenuated over time and largely replaced by the impact of age-related comorbidities and functional decline.
Biomass and nutrient removals from commercial thinning and whole-tree clearcutting of central hardwoods

The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of increasing product removal on biomass and nutrient content of a central hardwood forest ecosystem. Commercial thinning, currently the most common harvesting practice in southern New England, was compared with whole-tree clearcutting or maximum aboveground utilization. Using a paired-watershed approach, we studied three adjacent, first-order streams in Connecticut. During the winter of 1981–82, one was whole-tree clearcut, one was commercially thinned, and one was designated as the untreated reference. Before treatment, living and dead biomass and soil on the whole-tree clearcut site contained 578 Mg ha−1 organic matter, 5 Mg ha−1 nitrogen, 1 Mg ha−1 phosphorus, 5 Mg ha−1 potassium, 4 Mg ha−1 calcium, and 13 Mg ha−1 magnesium. An estimated 158 Mg ha−1 (27% of total organic matter) were removed during the whole-tree harvest. Calcium appeared to be the nutrient most susceptible to depletion with 13% of total site Ca removed in whole-tree clearcut products. In contrast, only 4% (16 Mg ha−1) of the total organic matter and ⩽2% of the total nutrients were removed from the thinned site. Partial cuts appear to be a reliable management option, in general, for minimizing nutrient depletion and maximizing long-term productivity of central hardwood sites. Additional data are needed to evaluate the long-term impacts of more intensive harvests.
Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits phagocyte influx into infected pleural spaces and phagocyte locomotion in vitro

Influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes (MNs) into pleural spaces was decreased in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated rabbits infected intrapleurally withStaphylococcus aurem. In addition, pleural fluids containedS. aureus longer and marked pleural thickening with fibrosis occurred in DMSO-treated rabbits. DMSO also inhibited stimulated locomotion of PMN and MN in vitro, suggesting that the aforementioned responses in vivo may have occurred because of DMSO-mediated inhibition of the locomotion of PMN and MN.
Child care program and teacher practices: associations with quality and children’s experiences

Abstract In this research, we identified teacher and program practices in child care programs designed to serve low-income children and families of color and examined associations among these articulated practices, quality, and observed child behaviors. Two hundred and sixty children (50% girls) and 80 teachers from 22 programs in Los Angeles and rural North Carolina participated in this research. There were positive associations between teacher articulated and program practices and these practices could be reduced through principle component analysis into four meaningful groups of practices: (1) Positive Relations; (2) Family Services and Schooling in English; (3) Basic Education and Good Care with a Community Focus; and (4) School Preparation. There were modest associations between articulated practices and classroom quality. As well, ethnic differences were found in practices articulated by the teachers and programs, suggesting that practices are both related to quality yet rooted within ethnic communities. When used together to represent the child’s social surrounding, both ethnicity and quality were significant contributors to our model predicting children’s experiences in child care. Teacher and child ethnicity, teacher and program practices, and classroom quality made modest significant contributions to the prediction of children’s experiences in child care classrooms. Children’s competent peer behaviors as well as their participation in learning activities could be significantly predicted by at least one of the following constructs: teacher and child ethnicity, articulated practices, and classroom quality.
Wavelength dependent mechanism of metal-adsorbate photochemistry: phosgene on Pd(111)

Abstract Polarization data are presented which show, for photolysis of phosgene on Pd(111), that substrate excitation dominates at 3.5 and 6.4 eV but that a significant contribution from direct excitation occurs at 5.0 eV.
Computer modeling of water adsorption on silica and silicate glass fracture surfaces

Molecular dynamics (MD) has been used to simulate water adsorption behavior on glass fracture surfaces. Energy minimization techniques were developed to obtain energy distributions of surface adsorption sites as well as a breakdown of site energies by site type. MD physisorption simulations were used to illustrate the role of the high-energy sites in the initial adsorption of water molecules onto the surface. It is shown that the strongest adsorption sites are associated with defects in the network, and not with modifier species. The modifier species also introduce water adsorption sites, but they are weaker than those associated with the network defects. Finally, surface hydroxylation is shown to greatly reduce the strength of fracture surface defect sites with respect to physisorption of water.
Communication and its cost in graph-restricted games

We consider cooperative games which are modified by subordination to communication networks. Two players i and j will be able to cooperate only if they pay for the cost w ij of their communication link (i,j). Coalitions of players are treated similarly and a new characteristic function form game is developed thus. We also examine incentive for players to cooperate in such situations as well as a related index of a player's communicative strength.
Atmospheric optical properties and meteorological conditions

Abstract This paper discusses relationships which exist between the optical properties of-the atmosphere and meteorological parameters and conditions. Atmospheric visibility is determined by the optical effects of particulate matter (aerosols) in the atmosphere. The dependence of aerosol properties on temperature, humidity, atmospheric vertical structure, and air mass history is demonstrated using several case studies of surface and airborne measurements from different environmental regimes. Some of these relationships have been structured into semiempirical models, examples of which are presented.
Using causal models to integrate proximate and ultimate causation

Ernst Mayr’s classical work on the nature of causation in biology has had a huge influence on biologists as well as philosophers. Although his distinction between proximate and ultimate causation recently came under criticism from those who emphasize the role of development in evolutionary processes, the formal relationship between these two notions remains elusive. Using causal graph theory, this paper offers a unified framework to systematically translate a given “proximate” causal structure into an “ultimate” evolutionary response, and illustrates evolutionary implications of various kinds of causal mechanisms including epigenetic inheritance, maternal effects, and niche construction. These results not only reveal the essential interplay between proximate and ultimate causation in the study of evolution, but also provide a formal method to evaluate or discover non-standard or yet unknown evolutionary phenomena.
Interaction of a planar shock with a dense field of particles in a multiphase shock tube.

A novel multiphase shock tube has been constructed to test the interaction of a planar shock wave with a dense gas-solid field of particles. The particle field is generated by a gravity-fed method that results in a spanwise curtain of 100-micron particles producing a volume fraction of about 15%. Interactions with incident shock Mach numbers of 1.67 and 1.95 are reported. High-speed schlieren imaging is used to reveal the complex wave structure associated with the interaction. After the impingement of the incident shock, transmitted and reflected shocks are observed, which lead to differences in flow properties across the streamwise dimension of the curtain. Tens of microseconds after the onset of the interaction, the particle field begins to propagate downstream, and disperse. The spread of the particle field, as a function of its position, is seen to be nearly identical for both Mach numbers. Immediately downstream of the curtain, the peak pressures associated with the Mach 1.67 and 1.95 interactions are about 35% and 45% greater than tests without particles, respectively. For both Mach numbers tested, the energy and momentum fluxes in the induced flow far downstream are reduced by about 30-40% by the presence of the particle field.
The Clinical Biomechanics Award 2013 -- presented by the International Society of Biomechanics: new observations on the morphology of the talar dome and its relationship to ankle kinematics.

Abstract Background Ankle passive kinematics is determined primarily by articular surface morphology and ligament constraints. Previous morphological studies concluded that the talar dome can be approximated by a truncated cone, whose apex is directed medially and whose major axis is the axis of rotation of the ankle. This and other functional morphology concepts were evaluated in this study whose goal was to describe and quantify the 3D morphology of the talus using 3D image-based bone models and engineering software tools. Methods CT data from 26 healthy adults were processed to produce 3D renderings of the talus and were followed by morphological measurements including the radii of curvature of circles fitted to the medial and lateral borders of the trochlea and radii of curvature of coronal sections. Findings The surfaces containing the medial and lateral borders of the trochlea are not parallel and the radius of curvature of the medial border is larger than the lateral border. In the coronal plane the trochlear surface was mostly concave. Interpretation The trochlear surface can be modeled as a skewed truncated conic saddle shape with its apex oriented laterally rather than medially as postulated by Inman. Such shape is compatible, as opposed to Inman's cone postulate, with the observed pronation/supination and provides stable congruency in movements of inversion/eversion. The results challenge the fundamental theories of functional morphology of the ankle and suggest that these new findings should be considered in future biomechanical research and in clinical applications such as design of total ankle replacements.
Localization of hypocretin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus.

Abstract The neuropeptide hypocretin (HCRT, also called orexin) acts in the brain to increase arousal and inhibit REM sleep. There is also substantial evidence that disruption of the hypocretin system results in narcolepsy. The distribution of HCRT+ fibers in nocturnal animals is consistent with its role in arousal; fibers are concentrated in brain areas important in arousal and the inhibition of REM sleep. The distribution of HCRT-like immunoreactive (HCRT+) cells and fibers has been described in nocturnal but not diurnal rodents. We therefore examined the anatomical distribution of HCRT+ cells and fibers in the diurnal murid rodent Arvicanthis niloticus (unstriped Nile grass rat). Arvicanthis niloticus were perfused and brain sections were collected through the forebrain and midbrain and processed for HCRT immunocytochemistry. Hypocretin-like immunopositive cell bodies were located in the lateral hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, and perifornical area. The densest staining for HCRT+ neuronal fibers was seen in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the raphe nuclei. The distribution of HCRT+ cells and fibers is consistent with that found in other rodents such as rats and Syrian hamsters. Although the pattern of HCRT-like immunostaining for cells and fibers is similar in nocturnal rodents and diurnal A. niloticus , it will be important to compare the pattern of HCRT release, as well as activity of HCRT cells, between nocturnal and diurnal species.
Rupture of a solitary, erosive peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm

Aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries and their branches are rare. Although they may occur as isolated congenital anomalies, they more frequently are associated with congenital heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Less common predisposing factors include primary pulmonary hypertension, collagen vascular disease, trauma, and pulmonary banding. Inflammatory or infectious contributing factors include chronic granulomatous infection, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, and the Hughes-Stovin and Behcet's syndromes. Chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension, due to an underlying left-to-right shunt, as well as a superimposed focal bacterial pneumonia were the etiologic factors in the development of the segmental pulmonary artery aneurysm in our patient. The rarity of this constellation of predisposing factors and the diagnostic dilemma posed by the findings in our patient led us to report our case and review the pertinent literature.
Evaluating Scholarly Book Publishers—A Case Study in the Field of Journalism

Abstract By adapting multiple metrics used for journal article evaluation and replicating recent publisher metrics, the authors tested methods for evaluating scholarly book publishers. Using monographs published in journalism between 2007 and 2011 as a test case, results indicate that these methods may be useful to other scholarly disciplines.
Structure and mechanical properties of Ta-Mo alloy single crystals

Abstract High purity single crystals of the Ta-Mo alloy series were grown near 10 at. % increments by electron beam zone refining. The methods of investigation of the prepared crystals included: specific resistivity at 273°K, 77°K and 4.2°K, critical resolved shear stress for plastic flow or cleavage at 273°K, lattice parameter determinations, transmission electron microscopy and diffraction and quantitative X-ray diffracted intensity measurements of {200} and {220} reflections. It was found that alloys of compositions between Mo-19 Ta and Mo-58 Ta cleaved on the {100} planes. Lattice parameter measurements and electron microscopy showed that the alloy series is b.c.c. with no long range order, coherent over dimensions greater than 300 A, nor intermediate phases. Kikuchi electron diffraction proved that there exist deviations from random solid solution in the brittle crystals. This result was confirmed by X-ray intensity measurements of 200 and 220 lines. The ratio of constituent atoms on {100} and {110} differ from the ratio of atoms corresponding to the total composition of the crystal in such a way as to generate quasi-cubic domains for {100} and quasi-dodecahedral domains for {110} deviations. It is suggested that the increase in critical resolved shear stress for plastic flow with alloy composition results from a corresponding increase in the Peierls-Nabarro friction of dislocations produced by alloying, composition deviations and concomitant changes in the elastic coefficients in a local region of the crystal. Both Mo and Ta are anisotropic and have very different elastic constants. Alloying and the existence of composition deviations change the elastic coefficients, in the range of alloys which cleave, to values which marginally fulfill the strain energy restrictions. The presence of a critical density of dislocations in a local region can change the values of the elastic coefficients such that the crystal is locally energetically unstable. The crystal then cleaves on a {100} plane which relieves the maximum strain energy. By analogy, other solid solutions are expected to become brittle when the components have widely differing and anisotropic elastic constants. Marked changes in the slope of ( ρ 273°K minus ρ 4.2°K) versus alloy composition at Mo-20 Ta, Mo-50 Ta and Ta-12 Mo indicate that there is a relatively large change occurring in the density of states in the d and s bands and/or marked changes in the elastic coefficients at these compositions.
Experimental Characterization of Resource Allocation Algorithms in MIMO-OFDM Ad Hoc Networks

In this work we have reviewed and field tested several methods for power control in a MIMO-OFDM WLAN. We compared the performance of the independent waterfilling, multi-user waterfilling, and gradient projection techniques and quantified the impact of interference in an indoor environment. The results show the tradeoff between capacity and network overhead. Specifically, the gradient projection method results quantify the gains that are possible if global channel and interference state information is shared. However, results also demonstrate that the gradient projection technique tends to limit links that have poor channels, which motivates future research to consider methods that include link quality of service specifications
Theoretical study of B diffusion with charged defects in strained Si

We investigate B diffusion in strained Si by using density functional theory calculations. We calculate the migration barriers and formation energies of the B-Si complexes at different charge states in the biaxial tensile strained {001} Si layer. The migration barriers and formation energies overall intend to decrease under strain at all charge states. For neutral and negatively charged B-Si complexes, the migration barrier reduces along the strain plane while the barrier in the direction perpendicular to strain plane remains unchanged, but there is no anisotropy in B diffusion for positively charged B-Si complexes.
Capacity, Management, and Performance Exploring the Links

Amid the focus of public management reforms on improving the performance of public organizations and their managers, there has been little empirical attention to the links between performance and man - agement systems and activities; little attention has been paid to how and under what circumstances "management matters." This study reports data from the Government Performance Project (GPP), with information of all 50 states.The GPP model argues that fundamental management systems are not only amenable to comparison across states but can provide critical components of the capacity that is basic to longer term effectiveness and performance.This article considers the extent to which capacity facili- tates performance in financial management, analyzing the factors that contribute to the maintenance of rainy day funds (RDFs).The authors argue that arriving at positive performance for such indicators requires not only administrative capacity but also rules that shape political behavior that will support performance.
Brainstem and cranial nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis.

Nation-wide surveys in Israel in 1960 and 1966 disclosed 295 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Brainstem signs were found in 14 per cent at the onset of the disease and 65 per cent during the course of illness. Cranial nerves supplying extraocular muscles were the most commonly affected. Development of cranial nerve signs was not influenced by sex, age at onset, duration of illness or ethnic origin. Patients with cranial nerve signs tended to have a remittent course. Patients with cranial nerve involvement had a mortality similar to those without such involvement. However, bulbar involvement was associated with an increased death rate. The literature on trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, facial paralysis and deafness as well as other cranial nerve involvement in MS is reviewed.
Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on aqueous humor and blood bicarbonate ion in the teleost (Salvelinus namaycush)

Abstract 1. 1. The blood-aqueous humor barrier in the eyes of the fresh-water teleost Salvelinus namaycush was investigated. 2. 2. The bicarbonate level in the aqueous humor does not appear to be in simple equilibrium with that in the plasma. 3. 3. Administration of Diamox, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, resulted in a significant lowering of the aqueous bicarbonate level which was incompletely compensated for by an increase in the chloride concentration of the aqueous. 4. 4. Diamox has no significant effect on hematocrit, hemoglobin or oxygen-carrying capacity of lake trout blood. 5. 5. The role of carbonic anhydrase in aqueous humor formation is discussed.
Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp with recurrence in the middle ear.

Summary A 6-year-old girl was referred to The Johns Hopkins Hospital for a suspected congenital cholesteatoma. The lesion was determined to be a recurrence of a nasopharyngeal hairy polyp removed in the postnatal period. Simple excision is normally regarded as curative: malignant transformation and local recurrence do not occur. Our case is exceptional in that incomplete excision of the nasopharyngeal polyp was followed by re-growth and extension into the middle ear over a 6-year period. Thus, not all hairy polyps are static lesions. Indeed, this case documents progressive growth of a hairy polyp during physical development of a child, and indicates a potential for local recurrence following incomplete excision. A review of possible etiologies is conducted.
Finite-size effects and Tc for β = 5.445 with two staggered flavors

Abstract We have studied the spectrum on lattice sizes 83, 103, 123, and 164 × 24 for 6/g2 = 5.445 and amq = 0.025. We find small finite size effects. With much smaller errors than earlier results, we find no improvement in the Edinburgh plot as the lattice spacing decreases from ≈ 0.25 fm to ≈ 0.15 fm. The improved values of the rho and nucleon masses allow a more precise determination of the temperature of chiral symmetry restoration.
A Prospective Analysis of the Effect of Blue-Dye Volume on Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Success and Incidence of Allergic Reaction in Patients With Breast Cancer

Background This study examined whether the volume of isosulfan blue dye used in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in breast cancer is related to the SLN identification rate or to the incidence of allergic reactions.
Measured variation of thermal boundary-layer thickness with prandtl number for laminar natural convection from a vertical uniform-heat-flux surface

Abstract This investigation presents systematic measurements of the variation of the thermal boundary-layer thickness with Prandtl number for a Prandtl number range of from 0.703 to 8940 for laminar natural convection from a vertical, uniform-heat-flux surface. Experimental measurements of the thermal boundary-layer thickness, using a differential thermocouple probe, were made in five fluids: air, water, ethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, and SF-97-1000 silicone fluid. In addition, a Schlieren system was used to visualize the thermal boundary-layer region in each fluid. Very good agreement was found between the experimental results and the thermal boundary-layer thickness predicted by both the well-known similarity solution and the recent correlation of Churchill and Ozoe. The largest disagreement was found for the highest Prandtl number fluid. For the high Prandtl number silicone fluid the temperature field was also determined for several values of heat flux. While good agreement with theoretical results was found near the surface, somewhat higher temperatures were measured near the edge of the thermal boundary layer. The larger difference at high Prandtl number is attributed to the non-boundary-layer nature of the velocity field and the associated disturbance of the flow by the presence of the test section boundaries.
Viscous Interaction Upstream and Downstream of a Turbine Stator Cascade With a Periodic Wake Field

The influence of periodic rotor wakes has a substantial effect on the flow in a turbine stator cascade. A mechanism located upstream of a linear, low-aspect ratio, turbine cascade simulated wakes shed from rotor blades by translating cylindrical rods across the inlet of the cascade. In order to provide a test case to increase our fundamental understanding of the unsteady viscous flow typical of a gas turbine engine, three components of velocity, phase-locked into sixteen time windows which encompassed the rotor period, were measured at two upstream planes and one downstream plane. Due to the effects in the endwall region, the wake in the inlet plane bows in the tangential direction as the wake translates into the passage. The effects of the passage vortex do not decay significantly within one chord downstream of the exit of the cascade. The location of the passage vortex at the far downstream exit plane is dependent upon rotor position, as reported in earlier studies. A complete data set of the mean and fluctuating velocity components at all sixteen time windows is available on diskette.© 1992 ASME
Hybrid Procedures and Distal Origin Grafts

Endovascular techniques for treatment of infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease continue to dominate care for most symptomatic vascular patients. Diabetic patients with gangrene represent a subset of patients who can benefit from a combination of open and percutaneous techniques because of the multilevel nature of the disease. Most commonly, these involve surgical treatment of the infrageniculate disease with a distal origin bypass coupled with endovascular treatment of the ipsilateral superficial femoral artery. These approaches allow care to be delivered in a single setting, avoiding issues of staged procedures. Although published results from hybrid treatment are limited, the obvious patient benefit ensures that these techniques will continue to be important for vascular patient care.
Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease

Eighty-five clinical urine samples and nineteen urine samples previously found by other laboratories to suggest genetic metabolic defects were prepared for trimethylsilylation by treatment with urease, followed by azeotropic dehydration. The "Target Analyte Search" program provided with the VG Trio 2 gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer required 6 min to quantify 103 compounds relative to endogenous urinary creatinine. This technique has been used to confirm diagnoses including cystinuria, lysinuria, medium-chain acyldehydrogenase deficiency, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, aspartylglucosaminuria, methylmalonic, propionic and glutaric acidurias.
Ion channeling and TEM studies of pulse melted Fe(Pd) alloys

Metastable Fe(Pd) surface alloys formed by deposition of layers of Pd on (100) Fe and subsequent pulsed (approx. 70 nsec, 1.9 J/cm/sup 2/) electron beam melting into the bcc substrate have been investigated by ion backscattering/channeling and TEM. Repeated pulsed melting allowed examination of the epitaxial growth of the bcc substrate phase into the alloyed region for successively lower Pd concentrations. This procedure permitted detailed examination of the conditions for solidification with the fcc or bcc crystal structure and for metastable phase formation during rapid solidification. Bcc epitaxy is absent at Pd concentrations greater than or equal to 30 at. %, where an fcc surface layer forms. Channeling of the Pd and Fe signals was observed at Pd concentrations less than or equal to 16.5 at. %, where a single-phase, supersaturated bcc alloy is observed. At an intermediate Pd concentration of 22 to 23 at. %, both epitaxial bcc and fcc materials are formed. The observed maximum substitutional Pd concentration in the bcc phase is about a factor of 5 greater than the maximum equilibrium solid solubility.
Approaches to the study of human immunoregulation

The specificity of the immune response appears to have originated at the cellular and clonal level through the evolution and development of separate T- and B-cell function. With the introduction of molecular techniques, it has become possible to examine the basis of these differences at the level of gene expression. Since less than 2 % of mRNA is different in T and B cells and there appear to be about 200 cell-specific genes, it has seemed increasingly likely that regulation of gene expression and signal transmission effectively forms a third component of the immune system. This was the theme of a recent meeting. Studies on the normal development of the immune system, focusing on key points of transition, and studies on primary and acquired immunodeficiency, focusing on molecularly defined alterations, suggest new approaches to human immunoregulation.