cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic modeling for simulation of aerodynamic uncertainties in propulsion systems

The numerical simulation of the probabilistic aerothermodynamic response of propulsion system components to randomness in their environment was explored. The reusable rocket engine turbopumps were selected as an example because of the severe cryogenic environment in which they operate. The thermal and combustion instabilities, coupled with the engine thrust requirements from start up to shut down, lead to randomness in the flow variables and uncertainties in the aerodynamic loading. The probabilistic modeling of the turbopumps aerodynamic response was accomplished using the panel method coupled with fast probability integration methods. The aerodynamic response in the form of probabilistic rotor blades and splitter loading were predicted and the results presented for specified flow coefficient and rotor preswirl variance. Possible future applications of the aerothermodynamic probabilistic modeling in engine transient simulation, condition monitoring and engine life prediction are briefly discussed.
Do the neoclassical canons still describe the beauty of faces? An anthropometric study on 50 Caucasian models.

Abstract Objective Since a long time has gone from their definitions, the authors’ aim was to determine whether or not the neoclassical canons are still valid to describe the facial beauty in Italian women. Materials and methods The photographs of 50 italian models selected for an important beauty contest were obtained. All the pictures were taken by a professional photographer with a professional digital reflex camera with a millimeter-graduated scale white background. All the pictures were printed in 1:1 dimensions. Eleven neoclassical canons were measured and the results statistically evaluated. Results The results of the present study showed that the medium face third is reduced when compared to the upper and the lower thirds and that the two upper quarters of the face are decreased if compared to the two lower quarters (p Conclusions It can be concluded that some of the neoclassical canons can be considered still valid, while others seem to be changed over centuries. In particular it seems that relatives reductions in facial medium third, in nose dimensions and in distance between eyes have occurred as well as relative enlargement of eyes and mouth width.
ASHA's Documentation Initiative

This article describes the various audiences of documentation for both clinical and reimbursement purposes and the challenges of developing documentation formats that can meet all those needs. The ...
Secondary Trauma in Children of Parents with Mental Illness

In this study, the relationship between parental mental illness with and without comorbid traumatic symptoms, and secondary trauma in children was explored. There were three groups of parent-child ...
In vitro DNA dependent synthesis of globin RNA sequences from erythroleukemic cell chromatin

Murine erythroleukemic cells in culture accumulate cytoplasmic globin mRNA during differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)1. Chromatin was prepared from DMSO induced erythroleukemic cells that were transcribing globin RNA in order to determine whether in vitro synthesis of globin RNA sequences was possible from chromatin. RNA was synthesized in vitro using 5-mercuriuridine triphosphate and exogenous Escheria coli RNA polymerase. Newly synthesized mercurated RNA was purified from endogenous chromatin associated RNA by affinity chromatography on a sepharose sulfhydryl column, and the globin RNA sequence content of the mercurated RNA was assayed by hybridization to cDNA globin. The synthesis of globin RNA sequences was shown to occur and to be sensitive to actinomycin and rifampicin and insensitive to alpha-amanitin. In contrast, synthesis of globin RNA sequence synthesis was not detected in significant amounts from chromatin prepared from uninduced erythroleukemic cells, nor from uninduced cell chromatin to which globin RNA was added prior to transcription. Isolated RNA:cDNA globin hybrids were shown to contain mercurated RNA by affinity chromatography. These results indicated that synthesis of globin RNA sequences from chromatin can be performed by E. coli RNA polymerase.
Functional Laryngeal Obstruction Relieved by Panting

A 49-year-old man presented with a two-day history of severe recurrent dyspnea and inspiratory stridor. A chest roentgenogram, computed tomographic scan of the neck, direct laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy excluded organic upper airway obstruction. Laryngospasm occurred during the bronchoscopy. Although flow volume loops revealed severe upper airway obstruction (inspiratory and expiratory), airway resistance measured plethysmographically (during panting) was normal. Because of this observation, panting was recommended for relief of the patient's recurrent attacks of functional laryngeal obstruction. The panting maneuver immediately and completely relieved all 25 to 30 subsequent attacks. After the patient recovered clinically, a flow volume loop was repeated and was found to be normal. The marked discrepancy between severe flow limitation (as detected by flow volume loops) and normal airway resistance (measured plethysmographically) may be a diagnostic test for functional laryngeal obstruction, and panting may be an effective emergency measure for its relief. Relief by panting may also suggest the diagnosis. A second patient with an almost identical symptom complex is described, in whom the panting maneuver was also dramatically successful in promptly aborting recurrent severe attacks of airway obstruction and stridor.
Manifestations of Racism in the 21st Century

For people of color (African-, Asian-, Latino-, and Native-American descent) in Western countries, the important attributes of the social system are ideals, which they internalize. According to James Baldwin, the root of American difficulty is directly related to skin color ideals. All matters consid- ered necessitate the construction of the Bleaching Syndrome to acknowledge and comprehensively organize what is otherwise obvious, i.e., issues involving skin color. Much of what the Bleaching Syndrome involves is pathological to people of color and could not be imposed because it is contrary to their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. In the aftermath, people of color and the social scientists among them, including Whites, must aspire to more con- ducive, somatic norms to escape the pathological influences of the Bleaching Syndrome or risk manifestation of racism in the 21st century and beyond.
Bone ingrowth: An application of the boundary element method to bone remodeling at the implant interface

Surface bone remodeling theory and the boundary element method are employed to investigate the microstructural remodeling of bone at the bone-implant interface. Three situations are considered: remodeling-induced penetration between the screw threads of an implanted screw, penetration of bone tissue into a slot or cavity in an implant, and the interaction of individual trabeculae in the remodeling processes near an implant. For each case the bone ingrowth is determined as a function of the geometry and the applied load.
School preparation for the asthmatic student.

Questionnaires given to school nurses were used to collect data regarding emergency asthma equipment and plans. Sixty-three percent reported 50. Only 20% of school nurses reported that 75%-100% of asthmatic students had an emergency plan, and 24% did not know if asthmatic students had a plan. Only half of the nurses had input into the plan. Equipment varied: 16% had oxygen, 45% had peak flow meters, 0% had MDIs, and 20% had nebulizers available. Many asthmatic students lack emergency plans, and many school nurses are not involved in the plans.
Disobedience, Slander, Seduction, and Assault: Women and Men in Cajamarca, Peru, 1862-1900

* Abbreviations * Acknowledgments *1. Introduction: Presenting the Case *2. Cajamarcan Society under the Magnifying Glass: Regional Society, Economy, and Politics in the Nineteenth Century *3. Legislating Gender: The Law, Official Gender Norms, and Notions of Honor *4. Survival Strategies: Negotiating Matrimony *5. Injurias Verbales y Calumnias: Slander *6. Rapto, Seduccion, Violacion, and Estupro: Moving beyond the Loss of Honor *7. Conflict and Cooperation among Women *8. Conclusion * Appendix A. Marital and Literacy Data from Criminal Trials, 1862-1900 * Appendix B. Data from the National Census Conducted in 1876 * Appendix C. Cited Trials * Notes * Bibliography * Index
Inversion of fracture density from field seismic velocities using artificial neural networks

The inversion of fracture density from field measured P- and S-wave seismic velocities is performed using a neural network trained with an output from the modified displacement discontinuity fracture model. The basic idea is to use input-output pairs generated by the fracture model to train the neural network. Once the neural network is trained, inversion of fracture density from field-measured seismic velocities is performed very quickly. The overall performance of the neural network in the inversion process is assessed by means of a loss function. The results indicate that both sources of field information (P- and S-wave velocities) predict the field fracture density with reasonable accuracy. The performance of the neural network was compared to the prediction from least-squares fitting. It is shown that the neural network out performs the least-squares fitting in predicting the field-fracture density values.
A Monitor for Bud Emergence in the Yeast Morphogenesis Checkpoint

Cell cycle transitions are subject to regulation by both external signals and internal checkpoints that monitor satisfactory progression of key cell cycle events. In budding yeast, the morphogenesis checkpoint arrests the cell cycle in response to perturbations that affect the actin cytoskeleton and bud formation. Herein, we identify a step in this checkpoint pathway that seems to be directly responsive to bud emergence. Activation of the kinase Hsl1p is dependent upon its recruitment to a cortical domain organized by the septins, a family of conserved filament-forming proteins. Under conditions that delayed or blocked bud emergence, Hsl1p recruitment to the septin cortex still took place, but hyperphosphorylation of Hsl1p and recruitment of the Hsl1p-binding protein Hsl7p to the septin cortex only occurred after bud emergence. At this time, the septin cortex spread to form a collar between mother and bud, and Hsl1p and Hsl7p were restricted to the bud side of the septin collar. We discuss models for translating cellular geometry (in this case, the emergence of a bud) into biochemical signals regulating cell proliferation.
Resonance in periodically inhibited reaction-diffusion systems

Abstract We have conducted experiments on a periodically inhibited oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction–diffusion system in a regime in which the patterns oscillate at half the frequency of the forcing (the 2:1 resonance regime). The periodic perturbations of the photosensitive (ruthenium-catalyzed) reaction are made with light, which inhibits the oscillatory behavior. Increasing the light intensity increases the refractory period (time for recovery from inhibition), which decreases the oscillation frequency of the patterns in the medium. We investigate the behavior for two different levels of inhibitor concentration in the reagent feed to determine the shape of the 2:1 resonant regime as a function of the forcing intensity and forcing frequency. At high forcing intensity, the inhibition leads to a transition from traveling waves (spirals) to standing waves. Simulations of a reaction–diffusion model with FitzHugh–Nagumo kinetics yield behavior similar to that observed in the experiments.
Performance Budgeting in a Down Economy: Worth the Investment?

This report presents the comprehensive account of the legal foundations of performance budgeting among American states. In addition, it explores the fiscal implication of performance budgeting. Do state leaders in performance budgeting do better in a down economy?
Overview of estimation methods for industrial dynamic systems

Measurement technology is advancing in the oil and gas industry. Factors such as wireless transmitters, reduced cost of measurement technology, and increased regulations that require active monitoring tend to increase the number of available measurements. There is a clear opportunity to distill the recent flood of measurements into relevant and actionable information. Common methods to do this include a filtered bias update, implicit dynamic feedback, Kalman filtering, and moving horizon estimation. The purpose of these techniques is to validate measurements and align imperfect mathematical models to the actual process. Additionally, they can determine a best-estimate of the current state of the process and any potential disturbances. These methods allow potential improvements in earlier detection of disturbances, process equipment faults, and improved state estimates for optimization and control.
"I Am PA" and the Dialectic of Generations

It is tempting to begin this essay with the kind of appreciative plati tudes that typically characterize any review of a set of papers, particu larly when they have been written by younger scholars. However, what I want to do is to write something that is real and genuinely useful. In doing so, though, I do not want to sound like an elderly curmudgeon whose time has past in that I am not able to grasp the truly innovative nature of what has been written by these scholars. I was, therefore, encouraged to find that these "new generation" articles afford an es cape from this dilemma. They are, in fact, worthy of a number of appre ciations and substantive responses, and I shall come to those. They are also written in a style that bids for a direct encounter with the reader. The mode of discourse they at times employ invites a new modality of frank exchange. For example, Ryan Lanham's description of the latter part of my own era: "The field has been remarkably uncreative and insular in the last 20 years?perhaps the weakest theoretical period in its history. ... A few critical voices sound stale, strident, and disen gaged?rehashing again and again the maudlin Frankfurt School" (p. 608). I actually find such a candid statement of opinion engaging and a source of hope. My sense of the importance of the field of public ad ministration to the well being of our society and indeed of the human species has only deepened and become more urgent over the past few years since I left the university classroom. I am more convinced than ever that this is a time of epochal change (from the modern era to something else) and that we need fundamentally new ways of under standing and adapting to the conditions that are emerging in the spa tially deinstitutionalized or delocalized world setting (Lanham, p. 605). Hence as I read these essays, and saw that in each and every one there was a concern to bring refreshed imagination and scholarly acuteness to understanding our current situation and where it might go in the future, I was quite reassured. I also felt liberated from the traditional norm of
Evidence-Based Medicine: Implications for Consumer-Driven Health Benefits

Most medical experts agree that America's health care system would better serve providers, patients, and payers if more of the medicine practiced were grounded in science. However, extending the influence of "evidence-based medicine" is a daunting challenge. In this paper, a number of health experts and policymakers discuss the effects of evidence-based medicine on health care quality and affordability and its implications for consumer-driven health benefits. The paper is based on presentations made at the Employee Benefit Research Institute's May 2003 policy forum.
Morphological Variation between Pleistocene and Recent Samples of Cryptotis (Insectivora: Soricidae) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Fossil mandibles of soricids recovered from cave sediments in Actun Spukil, Yucatan, Mexico, are similar in most physical characteristics to those of modern Cryptotis mayensis from the Yucatan Peninsula and Guerrero. However, principal-components analysis reveals differences in shape between the modern and fossil populations. This morphological change correlates temporally with climatic and environmental instability during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Despite this correlation, the morphological change seen in C. mayensis may not represent either phenetic flexibility or selective adaptation to a new environment because the two modern populations inhabit distinct, geographically isolated environments, and, yet, are morphologically inseparable. It is most likely that morphological differences between fossil and modern samples represent a different microevolutionary process (i.e., mutation or genetic drift) and that differentiation preceded geographical separation of the two modern populations.
Comparison of manual and semiautomated techniques for analyzing gastric volumes with MRI in humans

Gastric emptying, accommodation, and motility can be quantified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first step in image analysis entails segmenting the stomach from surrounding structures, usually by a time-consuming manual process. We have developed a semiautomated process to segment and measure gastric volumes with MRI. Gastric images were acquired with a three-dimensional gradient echo MRI sequence at 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after ingestion of a liquid nutrient (Ensure, 296 ml) labeled with gadolinium in 20 healthy volunteers and 29 patients with dyspeptic symptoms. The agreement between gastric volumes measured by manual segmentation and our new semiautomated algorithm was assessed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the Bland Altman test. At 5 min after a meal, food volumes measured by manual (352 ± 4 ml) and semiautomated (346 ± 4 ml) techniques were correlated {CCC[95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.70 (0.52, 0.81)}; air volumes measured by manual (88 ± 6 ml) and semiautomated (84 ± 6 ml) techniques were also correlated [CCC (95% CI) 0.89 (0.82, 0.94)]. Findings were similar at subsequent time points. The Bland Altman test was not significant. The time required for semiautomated segmentation ranged from an average of 204 s for the 5-min images to 233 s for the 20-min images. These times were appreciably smaller than the typical times of many tens of minutes, even hours, required for manual segmentation. To conclude, a semiautomated process can measure gastric food and air volume using MRI with comparable accuracy and far better efficiency than a manual process.
The Effect of Thrips Injury on Production in Cotton

In the season of 1934 an investigation of thrips injury to cotton was undertaken with the object of determining, as closely as possible, the amount of loss due to these insects.
Kinetics of the reactions of the CHBr2 and CHBr2O2 radicals with O2 and NO.

When bromoform (CHBr3) is photolyzed at 266 or 303 nm in the presence of O2 and NO, the formation of secondary Br atoms is observed. By following the rate of growth of this secondary Br atom signal as a function of conditions, rate constants have been determined for the reactions CHBr2 + O2, CHBr2 + NO (both pressure-dependent), and CHBr2O2 + NO (k2a = (1.74 ± 0.16) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 23 °C). By measuring the amplitude of the secondary Br signal compared to the primary Br formed in the initial photolysis, it is established that the CHBr2O radical spontaneously decomposes to form CHBrO + Br at least 90%, and probably 100%, of the time, in agreement with previous work and with recent ab initio calculations. A survey of four other polybrominated methanes, CH2Br2, CHClBr2, CF2Br2, and CBr4, shows that they all generate secondary Br atoms when photolyzed at 266 nm in the presence of O2 and NO, suggesting that their reaction sequences are similar to that of bromoform.
Why didn't I know? Perspectives from adult children of elderly parents with dementia.

Purpose Approximately 27 million adults are living with undiagnosed dementia worldwide. The purpose of this study was to learn about the experiences of adult children of elderly parents who were ultimately diagnosed with dementia. Data sources A descriptive qualitative design was used for identifying if there were prodromal signs or symptoms that preceded the more commonly known warning signs of dementia. Twelve, 60-min interviews were conducted over the telephone. Conclusions The overarching theme was: "Why didn't I know?" Subthemes were "We ignored it because we didn't want it to be," "We thought it was grief," and "They wouldn't diagnose dementia." Normal aging changes often mask the identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Healthcare providers should screen patients for dementia when cognitive concerns or changes become apparent. Implications for practice The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition and the Mini-Cog can be used for screening cognitive changes. Since depression may be misinterpreted as dementia, screening for depression should also be included if there is a potential for overlap. This is important in those patients who are experiencing grief, as many signs and symptoms of early grief are the same as early dementia.
Restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components from field data for number of pigs born alive.

Variance components for number of pigs born alive (NBA) were estimated from sow productivity field records collected by purebred breed associations. Data sets analyzed were as follows: Hampshire (n = 13,537), Landrace (n = 10,822), and Spotted (n = 3,949). Variance components for service sire, sire of sow, dam of sow, and residual effects on NBA (adjusted for parity) were estimated. The single-trait model included relationships between service sires, sires of sows, and dams of sows. The model was implemented using an expectation maximization (EM) REML algorithm. A sparse-matrix solver was also used. Heritability estimates for NBA were .13, .13, and .12 for Hampshire, Spotted, and Landrace, respectively. Estimates of maternal genetic (co)variances (m2) expressed as a proportion of the phenotypic variance were .05, .01, and .03 for Hampshire, Spotted, and Landrace, respectively. Results indicated that service sires account for 1 to 2% of the total variation for NBA. Genetic effects influencing NBA seem to be small in these data sets, but selection for increased NBA should be effective.
One-Year Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to report anatomic, symptom, and quality of life outcomes in women with symptomatic stage 2 or greater prolapse 1 year after randomization to robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. METHODS This is a planned ancillary analysis of the Abdominal Colpopexy: Comparison of Endoscopic Surgical Strategies trial, a randomized comparative effectiveness trial comparing costs and outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy at 2 academic medical centers. At baseline and 1 year after surgery, women underwent standardized assessment including validated subjective pelvic floor outcomes and physical examination with prolapse assessment. RESULTS Sixty six (85%) of 78 randomized participants completed 1-year follow-up: 33 (87%) of 38 in the laparoscopic arm and 33 (83%) of 40 in the robotic arm (P = 0.59). Ninety-seven percent (32/33) in the laparoscopic group and 100% (33/33) in the robotic arm considered that their prolapse symptoms improved (P = 0.999). The cohort had significant improvement in all pelvic floor symptom and quality of life measures, which did not differ by treatment arm. Of women who were sexually active at 1 year, sexual function improved in both cohorts. No new serious adverse events, including mesh exposure or reoperation for prolapse, were identified between 6 months and 1 year after surgery. No women had a sacrocolpopexy mesh complication or reoperation for mesh exposure. CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy is associated with significant improvement in pelvic floor symptoms, anatomy, and sexual function. In addition, mesh exposure rates with lightweight polypropylene mesh seem to be lower than those reported with multifilament and heavier polypropylene mesh.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (PIZZ) and other glycoprotein storage diseases

This chapter discusses the genetics, biosynthesis, physiology, clinical implications, and pathological features of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (PIZZ). It also discusses other glycoprotein storage diseases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a small monomeric glycoprotein with almost 80 known allelic variants. The deficiency state associated with the allelic variant PIZZ is the most common hereditary cause of liver disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits a wide range of serine proteases. Its principal target is thought to be neutrophil elastase. This enzyme stored in granules of neutrophils, functions as an extracellular protease. Its prime substrate is elastin but it also attacks many other proteins including a variety of proteins in the coagulation and complement cascades, Escherichia coli cell wall components and all major components of extracellular matrix. The increased degree of complement activation found in PIZZ children with liver disease, particularly if the disease is severe, may be secondary to diminished protease inhibition. The PIZZ individual is at risk of gradually developing emphysema evident in adult life, particularly if a heavy cigarette smoker. Alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotyping, preferably by isoelectric focusing, is required for diagnosis. It is an essential investigation in infants with hepatitis syndrome or suspected biliary atresia and in older children with chronic liver disease.
Reconstruction After Excision of Cancer of the Salivary Glands

When tumors extend beyond the confines of the salivary gland (i.e., involving the skin, soft tissues, mandible, and/or facial nerve), reconstruction will likely be needed to restore the structure and function of the composite defect. A critical analysis of the defect (i.e., what structures are missing) and of the functional consequences will guide the most appropriate reconstruction. Two of the relatively minor sequelae of a parotidectomy that may be alleviated with reconstruction are Frey’s syndrome and the concavity at the site of the parotidectomy. An ideal option for reconstructing cutaneous defects after radical resection of a tumor of the parotid or submandibular gland is the use of cervicofacial or cervicodeltopectoral flaps. Free flaps are the ideal reconstructive technique in the reconstruction of parotidectomy and submandibular defects with extensive skin loss and involvement of the mandible. Procedures for facial reanimation at the time of parotidectomy are presented.
When a Picture is Not Worth a Thousand Words

It is frequently put forth that the admission of neuroimaging evidence at criminal trials introduces the substantial risk of these sophisticated and visual presentations unduly influencing factfinders. As such, this Essay analyzes how brain image evidence might have this effect. Particularly, it focuses on the situation in which such evidence is proffered in support of mens rea and affirmative defense determinations, such as insanity. The Essay assesses the actual evidentiary value of neuroimaging evidence in these evaluations. It then presents relevant studies supporting and opposing the contention that this evidence unduly influences factfinders beyond its true explanatory power. Finally, given the current state of research into this issue, this Essay puts forth a prospective manner in which brain images might inordinately influence finders of fact and a path for further study.
ROR1 Is Expressed on the Surface of Non-Neoplastic Human B-Lymphocyte Precursors (Hematogones) and on a Subset of B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 2735 ROR1 is a putative receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed during embryogenesis, on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, but not on normal mature lymphocytes, including normal CD5+ B cells (Fukuda et al PNAS 2008; 105:3047). ROR1 binds Wnt5a, and this ligand enhances the survival of CLL cells in vitro, suggesting that ROR1 functionally contributes to leukemogenesis. Additional evidence for the importance of ROR1 function in leukemia is the noted decrease in survival of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells in vitro after RNAi targeting of ROR1 (Tyner et al. PNAS 2009; 106:8695). To further explore the significance of ROR1 in B-ALL, we analyzed 30 cases of B-ALL for surface expression of ROR1 via multiparameter flow cytometry using a fluorochrome-conjugated mAb specific for ROR1. Only two of 30 cases of B-ALL showed uniform surface ROR1 staining with a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) that was 6.2 or 3.6 times greater than that of B-ALL cells stained with a control mAb. The other 28 B-ALL cases showed a mean MFI ratio of 1.4 (S.D. = 0.4). The two ROR1+ cases shared distinctive immunophenotypic and cytogenetic changes consistent with a more mature B-ALL subtype. We also evaluated marrow from patients recovering from chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and found that non-neoplastic B-lymphocyte precursors (BLP, hematogones) also expressed surface ROR1. These BLP were positive for CD10, CD19, CD38, and dim CD45 with variable expression of CD20, CD34, TdT, and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. While the surface antigen phenotype of B-ALL is similar to BLP, flow cytometry can distinguish B-ALL from BLP because B-ALL shows more uniform antigen expression, lacking the continuum of maturation stages present in BLP. Also, B-ALL usually has aberrant antigen-expression intensity or aberrant antigen co-expression such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) plus CD20 on the same cell. Of 22 marrow samples tested with 1–20% hematogones, all had CD10+, CD19+, dim CD45+ cells that expressed ROR1 with a mean MFI ratio of 4.9 (S.D. 2.0). Further study found ROR1 was restricted to a subset of CD10, CD19, and low-level CD45 cells that lack expression of CD34 or TdT. This subset is consistent with an intermediate stage of B-cell maturation, possibly associated with B-lymphoid positive and negative selection. In contrast, CD10+, CD19+ germinal center B cells from reactive lymph nodes were negative for surface ROR1 (N=4). This pattern of ROR1 expression on BLP and a subset of distinctive B-ALL suggests that surface expression of ROR1 occurs during a discrete stage of B-cell maturation in the marrow that may be expanded during recovery from myeloablative therapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Heterogeneous Autonomous Mobile Maritime Expeditionary Robots

For the ONR-funded Heterogeneous Adaptive Maritime Mobile Expeditionary Robots (HAMMER) project, we work on cooperative autonomy for a fleet of unmanned vehicles working together in the aerial, water surface, and underwater domains. Each of these systems work well independently, but our goal is to integrate their performance into one system of vehicles that can safely perform cooperative tasks. The challenges we are working on include creating reliable communications links between vehicles in the harsh low bandwidth maritime environment, integrating novel onboard sensors and inter-vehicle communication to create filters to estimate the state of the network, and creating autonomous takeoff-and-landing algorithms between the aerial/underwater vehicles and the surface “mothership” vehicle. The surface vehicle is envisioned to be capable of transporting the aerial and underwater vehicles as well as providing mission-lengthening power. Possible applications of this system include automated deployment and recovery of data-collecting unmanned underwater vehicles and an ad hoc wireless network where the aerial vehicle relays time-sensitive data collected from the surface or underwater vehicle to a human on a ship many miles away. In a separate but related project, we are also determining human-autonomy teaming required for future Naval programs, assessing the state-of-the-art algorithms, and creating open challenge problems to academia to fill gaps based on the Navy's need.
Abstract 2449: Targeting an “undruggable” RNA-binding protein: Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of HuR for novel breast cancer therapy

Post-transcriptional gene regulation is essential for normal development, but when dysregulated, has many implications in disease conditions, including cancer. The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical trans factors that associate with specific cis elements present in mRNAs, thereby regulating the fate of target mRNAs. Due to the lack of well-defined binding pocket, RBPs have been considered “undruggable targets”. The RBP Hu antigen R (HuR) is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. Elevated cytoplasmic HuR level correlates with high-grade malignancy and serves as a prognostic factor of poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. HuR promotes tumorigenesis by interacting with cancer-associated mRNAs, those mRNAs encode proteins that are implicated in different tumor processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. HuR also modulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. Our hypothesis is that small molecule compounds that disrupt the HuR-mRNA interaction will block HuR function, leading to the decay and reduced translation of mRNAs of the target genes critical for breast cancer cell growth and progression. High throughput screening (HTS) was carried out in several chemical libraries (∼23,000 compounds) using fluorescence polarization (FP) assay and identified a series of initial hits with sub-micromolar inhibitory constants (Ki). Those potential disruptors were then validated by ALPHA assay (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay), confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). In cell-based assays, top hit ST-3 and its optimized analogs, specifically shortened HuR target mRNAs’ half-life and decreased the level of the encoded proteins (Bcl-2, XIAP and Msi1/2). Moreover, those compounds selectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation but not normal cells. Knocking down HuR in breast cancer cells attenuated the activity of those HuR-mRNA disruptors. More cell-based assays are carrying out to delineate the mechanism of action. We are also testing the antitumor efficacy of those HuR inhibitors in mouse xenograft models. In conclusion, we identified potential small molecule disrupters of HuR-mRNA interaction for potential novel cancer therapy that inhibited breast cancer with HuR overexpression. Citation Format: Xiaoqing Wu, Lan Lan, Amber Smith, Rebecca Marquez, David Wilson, Steven Rogers, Philip Gao, Scott Lovell, John Karanicolas, Dan Dixon, Jeffrey Aube, Liang Xu. Targeting an “undruggable” RNA-binding protein: Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of HuR for novel breast cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2449
Design of Supercharged Proteins to Impart Allosteric Behavior and their Use in Biosensing

We have designed a series of supercharged single-chain four-helix bundles as maquettes of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). We show that a net charge per residue above ∼0.10e can impart enough electrostatic force to bias the folding equilibrium at low salt to an unfolded structure. We demonstrate that this behavior can be modulated as a function of pH and solution ionic strength, providing a wide functional dynamic range of folding energies. At the correct pH and salt concentration the proteins exhibit ligand-induced folding, and we have shown that this behavior can manifest as cooperative ligand binding. Furthermore, we are extending this supercharging to natural biopolymers, starting with green fluorescence protein, and we demonstrate that this behavior can be implanted on this fold. These adjustable characteristics have inspired a biosensing project in which we attach supercharged IDPs to a gold surface and sense conformational changes using surface plasmons. This conformational change will increase the refractive index at the gold surface, which will shift the angle of minimum reflectance. We calculate that the shift in the resonance angle caused by the ligand induced folding of an IDP is almost two orders of magnitude more than simple ligand binding to an already folded protein. Continuing reflectometry studies will provide practical insight into the use of our model as conformational switches for biosensing devices.
The association between hope and mortality in homebound elders.

Objective Despite high rates of mortality and depression, there is limited knowledge of how depressive symptoms, especially feeling of hopefulness, affect mortality in the homebound elderly. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a community sample of 1034 adults, age 60 years and older. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to evaluate the mood symptoms and feeling of hopefulness at baseline. The death data were collected within an 8-year follow-up period. Analysis of variance and Chi-square were used to compare the clinical conditions among the groups of individuals who feel hopeful always, sometimes, and rarely. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between the hopefulness about the future and mortality as an outcome. Results In the 8-year follow-up period, frequency of feeling hopeful, but not other individual depressive symptoms, was associated with mortality rate. The mortality rate among those who always, sometimes, and rarely felt hopeful were 21.6%, 26.4%, and 35.7%, respectively (P = 0.002). Logistic regression also confirmed that individuals who rarely feel hopeful had higher odds of decease within the 8-year follow-up period than those who always felt hopeful (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.14–2.65) after adjusting for age and medical conditions. Conclusions Baseline hopefulness predicts mortality outcome among the homebound elderly in the community. Identifying individuals who are depressed with hopelessness in the elderly and providing early intervention may improve the mortality rate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FLUF: Fuzzy logic utility framework to support computer network defense decision making

Cyber defenders must make decisions under uncertainty using incomplete information. Information and communications networks are dynamic and complex; characteristics that contribute heavily to uncertainty.
Teaching Large Sections of a Business Communication Course: A Multicase Study

The purpose of this research is to examine specific examples of how business communication courses are delivered in large, face-to-face university classes to discover implications of these large co...
Pediatric Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis is rare in children in comparison to adults, but accounts for approximately 25% of pediatric acute demyelinating syndromes. Features of pediatric optic neuritis that differ from adults include a higher rate of bilaterality, poor visual acuity on presentation, and papillitis. Diagnostic work-up includes brain magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and blood tests to exclude infectious and inflammatory disorders. Pediatric optic neuritis may occur following infection or vaccination, or in association with a systemic demyelinating process such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, or multiple sclerosis. Treatment is controversial, but most practitioners administer corticosteroids. Most children with optic neuritis experience full visual recovery. The recently launched Pediatric Optic Neuritis Prospective Data Collection Study (PON1) aims to provide estimates of visual acuity outcome and assess the potential to recruit for a future pediatric optic neuritis treatment trial.
Chapter 2: The Financial Psychology of Players, Services, and Products

This chapter provides an overview of the emerging cognitive and emotional themes of behavioral finance that influence individual behavior. The behavioral finance perspective of risk incorporates both qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) aspects of the decision-making process. An emerging subject of research interest and investigation in behavioral finance is the inverse (negative) relation between perceived risk and expected return (perceived return). The chapter highlights important topics such as representativeness, framing, anchoring, mental accounting, control issues, familiarity bias, trust, worry, and regret theory. It also examines the role of negative affective reactions on financial decisions. A host of biases that depend on specific aspects of the financial product or investment service influence the judgment and decision-making process of most financial players.
Objective measurement of head movement differences in children with and without autism spectrum disorder

Deficits in motor movement in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have typically been characterized qualitatively by human observers. Although clinicians have noted the importance of atypical head positioning (e.g. social peering and repetitive head banging) when diagnosing children with ASD, a quantitative understanding of head movement in ASD is lacking. Here, we conduct a quantitative comparison of head movement dynamics in children with and without ASD using automated, person-independent computer-vision based head tracking (Zface). Because children with ASD often exhibit preferential attention to nonsocial versus social stimuli, we investigated whether children with and without ASD differed in their head movement dynamics depending on stimulus sociality. The current study examined differences in head movement dynamics in children with (n = 21) and without ASD (n = 21). Children were video-recorded while watching a 16-min video of social and nonsocial stimuli. Three dimensions of rigid head movement—pitch (head nods), yaw (head turns), and roll (lateral head inclinations)—were tracked using Zface. The root mean square of pitch, yaw, and roll was calculated to index the magnitude of head angular displacement (quantity of head movement) and angular velocity (speed). Compared with children without ASD, children with ASD exhibited greater yaw displacement, indicating greater head turning, and greater velocity of yaw and roll, indicating faster head turning and inclination. Follow-up analyses indicated that differences in head movement dynamics were specific to the social rather than the nonsocial stimulus condition. Head movement dynamics (displacement and velocity) were greater in children with ASD than in children without ASD, providing a quantitative foundation for previous clinical reports. Head movement differences were evident in lateral (yaw and roll) but not vertical (pitch) movement and were specific to a social rather than nonsocial condition. When presented with social stimuli, children with ASD had higher levels of head movement and moved their heads more quickly than children without ASD. Children with ASD may use head movement to modulate their perception of social scenes.
Fatty Acids, Geological Record of

Fatty acids are ▶ carboxylic acids with an aliphatic tail (chain) that may be branched, saturated, or unsaturated (i.e., contain double bonds). Fatty acids typically have C12–C36 chain lengths, though chains of only four carbons are considered “fatty.” Fatty acids are constituents in a variety of biomolecules and are released by the hydrolysis of the ester linkages. Fatty acids are important components of cellular ▶membranes of▶ bacteria and eukaryotes, regulating both fluidity and permeability, and are key energy stores. Fatty acids have also been observed in carbonaceous meteorites.
Testing Cloud Applications under Cloud-Uncertainty Performance Effects

The paradigm shift of deploying applications to the cloud has introduced both opportunities and challenges. Although clouds use elasticity to scale resource usage at runtime to help meet an application's performance requirements, developers are still challenged by unpredictable performance, little control of execution environment, and differences among cloud service providers, all while being charged for their cloud usages. Application performance stability is particularly affected by multi-tenancy in which the hardware is shared among varying applications and virtual machines. Developers porting their applications need to meet performance requirements, but testing on the cloud under the effects of performance uncertainty is difficult and expensive, due to high cloud usage costs. This paper presents a first approach to testing an application with typical inputs for how its performance will be affected by performance uncertainty, without incurring undue costs of brute force testing in the cloud. We specify cloud uncertainty testing criteria, design a test-based strategy to characterize the black box cloud's performance distributions using these testing criteria, and support execution of tests to characterize the resource usage and cloud baseline performance of the application to be deployed. Importantly, we developed a smart test oracle that estimates the application's performance with certain confidence levels using the above characterization test results and determines whether it will meet its performance requirements. We evaluated our testing approach on both the Chameleon cloud and Amazon web services; results indicate that this testing strategy shows promise as a cost-effective approach to test for performance effects of cloud uncertainty when porting an application to the cloud.
Diseases of Military Importance

Beginning with George Washington’s decision to immunize his army against smallpox during the War of the American Revolution, vaccines have traditionally been used as a primary strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases in military settings (Artenstein et al. 2005). This chapter will highlight two vaccine histories involving diseases of military importance. The history of epidemic typhus, caused by rickettsial organisms, is a story that weaves vaccine approaches together with other strategies that eventually controlled the disease and supplanted the need for a vaccine; another rickettsial disease, scrub typhus, continues to be of military concern, and protective vaccines remain elusive. In contrast, the history of adenovirus vaccines presents a dramatic success story but also a cautionary tale regarding the fragility of disease control in selected circumstances.
What Is the Function of Mind and Brain

Byrnes and Fox (1998) provide a useful and important overview of the ways in which cognitive neuroscientific research can inform educational research and practice, but leave unanswered the question: What is the function of mind and brain? An understanding of the function of mind and brain has implications for research in cognitive neuroscience and in educational psychology, and a number of these implications are spelled out in this comment.