cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Medicare Expenditure Growth and Mortality Rates in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison From 1999 Through 2014.

Importance Many studies have considered the association between Medicare spending and health outcomes at a point in time; few have considered the association between the long-term growth in spending and outcomes. Objective To assess whether components of growth in Medicare expenditures are associated with mortality rates between January 1, 1999, and June 30, 2014, for beneficiaries hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis of a random 20% sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000 (n=72 473) and January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2004 (n=38 248), and 100% sample from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008 (n=159 558) and January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2014 (n=209 614) admitted with acute myocardial infarction to 1220 hospitals. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary exposure measures include the growth of 180-day expenditure components (eg, inpatient, physician, and postacute care) and early percutaneous coronary intervention by hospitals adjusted for price differences and inflation. The primary outcome is the risk-adjusted 180-day case fatality rate. Results Patients in each of the years 2004, 2008, and 2013-2014 (relative to those in 1999-2000) were qualitatively of equivalent age, less likely to be white or female, and more likely to be diabetic (allP Conclusions and Relevance Health improvements for patients with acute myocardial infarction varied across hospitals and were associated with the diffusion of cost-effective care, such as early percutaneous coronary intervention and, to a lesser extent, postacute care, rather than overall expenditure growth. Interventions designed to promote hospital adoption of cost-effective care could improve patient outcomes and, if accompanied by cuts in cost-ineffective care (inside and outside of the hospital setting), also reduce expenditures.
Long-Term Resource Adequacy, Long-Term Flexibility Requirements, and Revenue Sufficiency

Variable generation (VG) can reduce market prices over time and also the energy that other suppliers can sell in the market. The suppliers that are needed to provide capacity and flexibility to meet the long-term reliability requirements may, therefore, earn less revenue. This chapter discusses the topics of resource adequacy and revenue sufficiency—that is, determining and acquiring the quantity of capacity that will be needed at some future date and ensuring that those suppliers that offer the capacity receive sufficient revenue to recover their costs. The focus is on the investment time horizon and the installation of sufficient generation capability. First, the chapter discusses resource adequacy, including newer methods of determining adequacy metrics. The chapter then focuses on revenue sufficiency and how suppliers have sufficient opportunity to recover their total costs. The chapter closes with a description of the mechanisms traditionally adopted by electricity markets to mitigate the issues of resource adequacy and revenue sufficiency and discusses the most recent market design changes to address these issues.
Labor Migration in Indonesia and the Health of Children Left Behind

Economic research on labor migration in the developing world has traditionally focused on the role played by the remittances of overseas migrant labor in the sending country’s economy. Recently, due in no small part to the availability of rich microdata, more attention has been paid to the effects of migration on the lives of family members left behind. This paper examines how the temporary migration of parents for work affects the health outcomes of children left behind using the longitudinal data obtained from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. The anthropometric measure of the child health used, height-for-age, serves as a proxy for stunting. The evidence suggests that whether parental migration is beneficial or deleterious to the child health depends on which parent moved. In particular, migration of the mother has an adverse effect on the child’s height-for-age, reducing height-for-age Z-score by 0.5 standard deviations. This effect is not seen on the migration of the father.
Explaining Obstacles to ‘Total Sanitation’ in India with Spatial Methods: Evidence from the District Level Household Survey

Inadequate toilet use directly contributes to high rates of morbidity and mortality in India. Despite a strong research focus on sanitation solutions, understanding of the determinants of toilet use in India is remarkably poor. This paper uses spatial analysis techniques to explain variation in sanitation use at the district scale. A test of global spatial autocorrelation confirms that sanitation use is strongly clustered geographically, and spatial clustering remains robust after controlling for socioeconomic explanations. In addition to providing an empirical model of toilet use, this paper suggests that variation in regional adoption of use must be incorporated into future national program design.
The human genome project: a DOE perspective.

The structural characterization of genes and elucidation of their encoded functions has become a cornerstone of modern biology and biotechnology. But of the estimated 100,000 human genes, only some 1,500 are represented as mapped genes and markers, cloned DNA segments, fragile sites, cloned genes, and neoplasia-associated break points. To assess the desirability and feasibility of ordering and sequencing clones representing the entire human genome by the year 2000, an ambitious goal, the Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER) of the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored in March 1986 an international meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The participating experts concluded with virtual unanimity that this objective was meritorious, technically obtainable and would be an outstanding achievement in modern biology. Further guidance was sought from the Health and Environmental Research Advisory Committee (HERAC) of the DOE, which provided its report on the Human Genome Initiative in April of 1987.
Assessing wandering risk among individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a pilot study.

Background We examined a screening instrument to assess risk for wandering among individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia according to caregiver informants. Methods Pilot data were collected on the Risk of Wandering (RoW) screening instrument by 48 responses from an online survey using the Alzheimer's Association Trial Match system. Results Results indicated acceptable evidence of the internal consistency of scores for the data obtained, α = 0.81. Receiver operating characteristic curve results indicated acceptable evidence of the screening instrument scores' ability to discriminate between individuals who eloped and those who did not wander off, AUC = 0.72, P = 0.003. Conclusions A cut-off score for future use is suggested along with directions for future research. The development of a screening instrument would appear to be preferable to restricting the movement of these individuals or unnecessarily invading their privacy through monitoring devices while simultaneously balancing the desire to prevent distress, serious injury, or death.
Understanding stress as an impediment to academic performance

Objectives: Stress is the most commonly reported impediment to academic performance among college students. The objectives of this study were to examine the accuracy of these perceptions, identify ...
The role of Doctor of Nursing Practice-prepared nurses in practice settings

Abstract Background The role of the Doctor of Nursing Practice-prepared nurse (DNP) outside of academic settings has not been clearly articulated or widely explored, and therefore the value DNP-prepared nurses bring to their practice settings is largely unknown. This study: (1) surveyed existing DNP programs to identify the nonacademic settings in which their DNP graduates were employed and (2) conducted semistructured interviews with employers to identify the role and value of the DNP-prepared nurse in nonacademic settings. Method Data were collected from January 2016 to August 2016 in two parts: (1) an online survey of the DNP programs and (2) qualitative semistructured telephone interviews with employers. First, we conducted an online survey of program directors (or their equivalent) from 288 DNP programs across the United States to capture descriptive information about current DNP programs (e.g., location, modality, profit status), the types of nonacademic institutions that hire their graduates, percentage of graduates employed by each setting, and the contact information for these employers. Employers were identified either by DNP program directors through the online survey or by a convenience sampling method. Using semistructured telephone interviews, we asked questions to employers in different care settings about the role of the DNP in these settings and how the DNP compares to other nurse leaders and advanced practice nurses (APRN). Employers were asked to describe the role of the DNP-prepared nurse working in direct patient care roles such as APRNs or as leaders, administrators, and managers. Findings Descriptive thematic analyses were derived from the interviews, to identify the roles DNP-prepared nurses filled and how they compared to other nurse leaders and advanced practice nurses in these settings. A total of 130 DNP program directors responded to the online survey. Twenty-three employers participated in semistructured telephone interviews. The thematic analysis resulted in four main themes regarding the role of the DNP-prepared nurse in non-academic settings: “DNP-Prepared Nurse Positions and Roles,” “Perceived Impact of the DNP-Prepared Nurse on Staff, Patient, and Organizational Outcomes,” “Comparison of the DNP-Prepared Nurse to Other Nurses With Advanced Training,” and “Challenges Experienced by Nurses With DNP Degrees. Discussion The role of the DNP-prepared nurse in nonacademic settings is unclear. These DNP-prepared nurses typically function as APRNs in clinical care or as health care system leaders. While there is a low number of DNPs in clinical practice settings, the number is expected to grow as more graduate and enter practice. Thus, knowledge of the roles, value, and outcomes of the DNP-prepared nurse can guide practice setting leaders on how to best use DNP-prepared nurses in their setting.
A phase II trial of intermittent nivolumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy

Nivolumab is approved for mRCC patients who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy but the duration of therapy required for sustained clinical benefit is unknown. A phase II clinical trial to investigate the feasibility of intermittent nivolumab dosing was conducted. Patients ≥18 years of age with mRCC who were previously treated with at least one antiangiogenic therapy were eligible. Patients were treated with nivolumab for twelve weeks. Patients who had RECIST PD were removed from the trial. Patients who did not initially achieve ≥10% reduction in tumor burden (TB) continued nivolumab per standard of care. Patients with ≥10% TB reduction entered a treatment-free observation phase with re-imaging every 12 weeks. Nivolumab was restarted in patients with a ≥ 10% TB increase and again held with TB reduction ≥10%. This intermittent nivolumab dosing continued until RECIST PD while on nivolumab. The primary objective was feasibility of intermittent nivolumab, defined as the proportion of patients eligible for intermittent therapy who elect to receive intermittent nivolumab. Intermittent nivolumab would be considered “feasible” if the acceptance rate was ≥80%. Forty patients provides > 95% power with 0.05 type I error, assuming a null acceptance rate of 50%. With the approval of the combination of ipilimumab/nivolumab (April 2018) in front-line mRCC, this cohort was closed prior to completed pre-planned approval. Of the 14 patients enrolled, 13 (93%) were male with a median age 65. All had a prior nephrectomy and 12 (86%) were intermediate-risk by IMDC criteria. Five patients (36%) met the criteria for the intermittent phase of the trial (median TB decrease 46%) and all agreed to intermittent therapy. With a median follow-up of 48 weeks, only one patient restarted therapy. The four remaining patients have a sustained response for a median of 34 weeks (range, 16–53) off therapy. No patients developed RECIST PD while off therapy. This prospective experience of intermittent nivolumab dosing in mRCC supports further investigation of intermittent immunotherapy dosing strategies in RCC. NCT03126331 (Intermittent Nivolumab in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients; Date of registration 4/27/2017; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03126331 ).
RNA-DNA hybrids and the convergence with DNA repair

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks occurs through a series of defined steps that are evolutionarily conserved and well-understood in most experimental organisms. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that repair does not occur in isolation from other DNA transactions. Transcription of DNA produces topological changes, RNA species, and RNA-dependent protein complexes that can dramatically influence the efficiency and outcomes of DNA double-strand break repair. The transcription-associated history of several double-strand break repair factors is reviewed here, with an emphasis on their roles in regulating R-loops and the emerging role of R-loops in coordination of repair events. Evidence for nucleolytic processing of R-loops is also discussed, as well as the molecular tools commonly used to measure RNA-DNA hybrids in cells.
Epitaxial strain and the magnetic properties of canted antiferromagnetic perovskite NaNiF3 thin films

The perovskite crystal structure is known to exhibit a multitude of interesting physical phenomena owing to the intricate coupling of the electronic and magnetic properties to the structure. Fluoroperovskites offer an alternative chemistry to the much more widely studied oxide materials, which may prove advantageous for applications. It is demonstrated here for the first time that the antiferromagnetic perovskite fluoride, NaNiF3, can be synthesized in thin film form. The films were grown via molecular beam epitaxy on SrTiO3 (100) substrates to produce high quality epitaxial films in the thickness range of 5–50 nm. The Pnma structure of the films was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. There was a decrease in the out-of-plane lattice spacing from the bulk value corresponding to a maximum strain of 1.7% in the thinnest film. Canted antiferromagnetism was measured in all films using magnetometry and a negative change in the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of ΔTN = - 9.1 ± 0.7 K was observed with increasing strain.
Profiling the Intratumoral Immune Landscapes of Primary and Syngeneic Kras-driven Sarcoma Mouse Models

The introduction of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and fueled interest in the immune cell composition of preclinical tumor models. Both genetically-engineered mouse models and syngeneic cell transplant approaches use immunocompetent mice to study mechanisms driving immunotherapy response and resistance. Due to their rapid and reproducible nature, there has been an expanded interest in developing new syngeneic tools from established primary tumor models. However, there are few analyses directly comparing the immune profiles of primary models with their derived syngeneic counterparts. Here we report comprehensive immunophenotyping of primary tumors from two well-established sarcoma models and four syngeneic allografts derived from these models. We observed that cell lines derived from the same type of genetically engineered primary tumor form allografts with significantly different levels of immune infiltration and intratumoral immune cell composition. Most notable are the differences in the T cell compartment of the syngeneic models, including CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and regulatory T cell populations - each of which have well-documented roles in tumor response to immunotherapy. Our findings highlight the importance of thorough characterization of syngeneic models prior to their use in preclinical studies in order to maintain scientific rigor and to increase the translatability of findings from bench to bedside.
Enhancing relationships through technology: directions in parenting, caregiving, romantic partnerships, and clinical practice .

Media coverage of research on phones and social media over the last decade has prompted widespread concern and one-size-fits-all guidance to limit screen time. Recognizing the limitations of screen time as a metric, researchers are now studying technology use in terms of affordances, individual differences, and longitudinal patterns. The current review examines technology use by parents, caregivers, couples, and clinicians. Individuals in these roles navigate risks, such as privacy violations, with benefits such as improved communication, empathy, and progress toward shared goals. Successful approaches vary by relationship type but have commonalities such as engaging with the technologies used by the other person to open up sensitive conversations, negotiate conflict, and illuminate patterns that would otherwise be hard to detect. To enhance relationships, some individuals depart from the intended use of technologies, for example, adapting connected devices for emotional communication or drawing on games to cope with social anxiety. One promising way in which individuals adapt technology to improve communication involves sharing technologies that were designed for personal use. This review highlights the importance of context, motivation, and the nuances of use to understand how technologies can be optimally used in personal and clinical relationships. .
Alcohol to down-regulate negative and positive emotions: Extending our understanding of the functional role of alcohol in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Introduction Functional models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) underscore the role of internally-driven negative reinforcement. However, with the focus of these models being on negative emotions broadly, there is limited understanding of the effect of alcohol use to down-regulate specific forms of negative emotions or positive emotions generally. Among populations characterized by PTSD, there is growing evidence that positive emotions may elicit aversive reactions and thus be intentionally reduced, including via alcohol use. Objective: The current study examined the associations among PTSD symptom severity, alcohol use to down-regulate both negative (i.e., despondency and anger) and positive emotions, and alcohol misuse. Method: Data were collected from 320 trauma-exposed, substance-using individuals in the community (M age = 35.78, 46.9% women). Results: Individuals with greater PTSD symptom severity reported significantly higher alcohol use to down-regulate despondency, anger, and positive emotions, which, in turn, were linked to greater alcohol misuse. Conclusions: Alcohol use may serve to down-regulate both negative (i.e., despondency and anger) and positive emotions, and these functions may help to explain the association of PTSD symptom severity to alcohol misuse. PTSD-AUD models may benefit from specifying a negatively reinforcing function of alcohol use in the context of positive emotions.
Using Computer-Assisted Instruction to Increase Otolaryngology Education During Medical School.

Introduction A quarter of all complaints seen in adult primary care and half of all complaints seen in pediatric primary care are otolaryngology related. Even though half of all medical students en...
Responses from bees, butterflies, and ground beetles to different fire and site characteristics: A global meta-analysis

Abstract Climate change in concert with fire suppression is increasing the size, severity and frequency of fires globally. At the same time, insects, an exceptionally biodiverse group that provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination and decomposition, are declining precipitously. We know little, however, about the fire mechanisms that contribute to insect decline. To understand if there is a larger global signature of fire on insect communities, we conducted a global systematic search and meta-analyses on the pyroentomology literature for butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and report how each taxa's richness and abundance response to overall fire, 16 different fire and site characteristics, as well as fire combined with forest/grassland management treatments. Across 100 studies and 445 effects, we found that bee biodiversity increased after fire and fire in combination with forest/grassland management treatments. In contrast, fire had no significant positive or negative effect on ground beetle and butterfly biodiversity. Furthermore, we did not find any fire and site characteristics that decreased richness across our taxa. Surprisingly, we found that only 7% of the studies quantified fire severity, which likely explains the inconsistent results within the pyroentomology literature. We conclude that further consideration of fire mechanisms will advance our understanding of how insects respond to fires. Our findings on how each taxa's richness and abundance respond to each fire and site characteristic will create a stronger foundation to help scientists and conservation managers make better decisions and predictions to achieve their research and management goals.
Tirofiban: A Rare Cause of Thrombocytopenia in a Patient Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Patients admitted to the hospital can develop thrombocytopenia due to multifactorial causes. It can be pseudo-thrombocytopenia or true thrombocytopenia. Among patients admitted for chest pain, coronary angiography (CAG) is a common diagnostic test to evaluate patients for coronary artery disease (CAD). Normally, patients undergoing angiogram receive antiplatelets and anticoagulants pre-catheterization, and platelet aggregation inhibitor agents are sometimes used during and after CAG like in patients with high thrombus burden. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors are a type of platelet antiaggregant agents that can cause severe thrombocytopenia in few cases. We present a case of a 68-year-old patient who came to the emergency department with inferior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent angiography and had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) done. He was administered tirofiban during the angiogram that caused acute severe thrombocytopenia decreasing platelets count to 4000/microliter within one day. Patients' platelets gradually recovered after platelets transfusion.
From Urban Renewal to the BeltLine: Atlanta’s Use of Public Health Narratives to Reshape the City

Since the early days of the planning profession, city agencies relied on a public health crisis narrative as a rationale for mass displacement efforts that targeted black communities. Over time, as...
Biochemical and molecular genetic studies of the metabolic role of methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCase) is a mitochondrial biotin-containing enzyme whose metabolic function is not well understood in plants. In soybean seedlings, the organ-specific and developmentally-induced changes in MCCase expression are regulated by mechanisms that control the accumulation of MCCase mRNA and that control the activity of the enzyme per se. During soybean cotyledon development, when seed storage proteins are degraded, leucine accumulation peaks transiently at 8 DAP. The coincidence between peak ' These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Improving the Boosted Correlogram

Introduced seven years ago, the correlogram is a simple statistical image descriptor that nevertheless performs strongly on image retrieval tasks. As a result it has found wide use as a component inside larger systems for content-based image and video retrieval. Yet few studies have examined potential variants of the correlogram or compared their performance to the original. This paper presents systematic experiments on the correlogram and several variants under different conditions, showing that the results may vary significantly depending on both the variant chosen and its mode of application. As expected, the experimental setup combining correlogram variants with boosting shows the best results of those tested. Under these prime conditions, a novel variant of the correlogram shows a higher average precision for many image categories than the form commonly used.
Quantitation of ribosomal RNA genes in fetal human oocyte nuclei using rRNA: DNA hybridization in situ. Evidence for increased multiplicity.

Abstract Several experimental observations provide evidence for the existence of an amplification-type phenomenon involving the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) during meiotic prophase in the human oocyte. In previous investigations multiple micronucleoli, in addition to primary nucleoli, were shown to be present in late pachytene and in diplotene human oocyte nuclei. In the present study, detailed quantitative analysis of grain counts from more than 1 000 cells following hybridization in situ indicated the presence of greater than the expected 4C number of ribosomal genes in the oocyte nuclei, most notably in these same stages. The extent of this increase over the expected 4C amount of DNA complementary to rRNA was approx. 2-fold in oocytes early in meiotic prophase and rose to approx. 4-fold in late pachytene and early diplotene oocytes. These results constitute the first evidence for the presence of extra rDNA in mammalian oocyte nuclei, the occurrence of which is clearly consistent with earlier cytological and ultrastructural observations.
Toward an Interactional Description of Depression

(1976). Toward an Interactional Description of Depression. Psychiatry: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 28-40.
The functional characteristics of Schwann cells cultured from human peripheral nerve after transplantation into a gap within the rat sciatic nerve

The use of human Schwann cells (SCs) in transplantation to promote regeneration in central and peripheral neural tissues must be preceded by efforts to define the factors that regulate their functional expression. Adult-derived human SCs can be isolated and purified in culture, but the culture conditions that allow their full differentiation have not yet been defined. We tested the functional capacity of these cells to enhance axonal regeneration and myelinate regenerating axons in vivo by transplanting them into the damaged PNS of an immune-deficient rat. SCs were purified from human peripheral nerve obtained from organ donors. Semi-permeable guidance channels were filled with a 30% Matrigel containing solution with or without human SCs suspended at a density of 80 x 10(6) cells/ml. Channels were implanted within an 8 mm gap of the transfected sciatic nerve of nude female rats for a period of 4 weeks. Survival of the transplanted human SCs was established by dissociating nerve explants taken from the regenerated cable (after first placing them in culture for 5 d) and staining individual cells for a primate-specific NGF receptor (PNGFr) and S 100. Only one-half of the S 100-positive cells stained for the PNGFr, which indicated that the regenerated cable contained an approximately equal number of human and rat (host) SCs. The presence of some human myelin segments was confirmed by immune staining with an HNK-1 antibody that specifically labels human but not rat myelin. The majority of the myelin segments in the regenerated cable, however, were produced by the rat SCs. The number of myelinated axons and the cross-sectional area of the cable were significantly greater in channels seeded with human SCs when compared to channels containing the diluted Matrigel solution alone. We conclude that purified cultured human SCs can survive and substantially enhance axonal regeneration when transplanted into the injured PNS of an immune-deficient rat. Some of the transplanted human SCs are capable of myelinating regenerating rat axons but are less successful than the host SCs.
Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for antigen P1, a major surface protein of mutans streptococci.

A panel of 15 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; 14 immunoglobulin G1, 1 immunoglobulin G2a) directed against antigen P1, a major surface protein of mutans streptococci, was prepared. All of these MAbs reacted by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with solubilized wall material from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt 175 (a serotype c strain which retains significant amounts of P1 in its cell wall), culture supernatant fluid from Ingbritt 162 (a strain which excretes large amounts of P1 into the culture medium), and purified P1. By Western immunoblotting, these MAbs were observed to react with a high-molecular-weight polypeptide which comigrated with antigen P1. None of these MAbs cross-reacted with human heart tissue or with various eucaryotic proteins. When whole cells of various strains of mutans streptococci were screened against the panel of MAbs, the strongest reactivities were noted with strains of serotype c and e S. mutans, while a serotype f strain of S. mutans, along with S. sobrinus and S. cricetus strains, reacted somewhat more weakly. S. rattus strains were completely negative. Results obtained with bacterial culture supernatants were qualitatively similar. The surface localization of antigen P1 was confirmed by electron microscopy with an indirect immunogold technique. In sectioned S. mutans cells, labeling appeared to be associated with a fibrillar "fuzzy coat" layer, which was far more prominent on cells of Ingbritt 175 than on those of Ingbritt 162. Images
Modeling the Rhetoric of Human-computer interaction

The emergence of potential new human-computer interaction styles enabled through technological advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational linguistics makes it increasingly more important to formalize and evaluate these innovative approaches. In this position paper, we propose a multi-dimensional conversation analysis framework as a way to expose and quantify the structure of a variety of new forms of human-computer interaction. We argue that by leveraging sociolinguistic constructs referred to as authoritativeness and heteroglossia, we can expose aspects of novel interaction paradigms that must be evaluated in light of usability heuristics so that we can approach the future of human-computer interaction in a way that preserves the usability standards that have shaped the state-of-the-art that is tried and true.
Lattice normality and outer measures

A lattice space is defined to be an ordered pair whose first component is an arbitrary set X and whose second component is an arbitrary lattice L of subsets of X. A lattice space is a generalization of a topological space. The concept of lattice normality plays an important role in the study of lattice spaces.
PITUITARY AND PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE TO THYROID HORMONE

A 32-year-old Caucasian male, clinically euthyroid, with paranoid schizophrenia and granulocytopenia, had elevated total and free serum T4 and T3; serum TSH was normal (2.7 +/- 0.7 micronU/ml). There was no goitre present, no evidence of Graves' disease, and no evidence of pituitary tumour. He had a normal response to methyl-TRH, with a TSH increment of 14.6 micronU/ml, T3 increment of 212 ng/dl, and T4 increment of 4.7 microgram/dl; baseline value and decreased the TSH increment in response to methyl-TRH. T3 therapy (100 microgram/day) decreased the thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake to less than half the baseline prolactin was normal with a normal response to methyl-TRH to 4.1 micronU/ml. Iodine therapy caused an increase in his baseline TSH with an increase in the TSH response to TSH. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and production rates (PR) of T3 and T4 were increased. Baseline serum levels of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit were normal and showed a slight increase in response to methyl-TRH, similar to normal subjects. This patient has evidence of partial pituitary and peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone; his only evidence for hyperthyroidism is the elevated MCR and PR of T3 and T4.
A comparison of insight into clinical symptoms versus insight into neuro-cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is associated with neuropsychological deficits that have been linked to poor functional outcome. To address this problem, pharmacologic and behavioral treatments are being developed for cognitive impairments, but they will not be well utilized if people with schizophrenia do not perceive a need for treatment. Aims This study compared whether people with schizophrenia have a similar degree of insight into neuro-cognitive symptoms as clinical symptoms, and whether neuro-cognitive and clinical symptoms are similarly related to degree of insight into these two aspects of the illness. Method Seventy-one patients with schizophrenia were administered measures of clinical and neuro-cognitive status as well as clinician rated measures of insight into clinical and neuro-cognitive symptoms. Results Patients had significantly less insight into their neuro-cognitive symptoms than their clinical symptoms. On average, patients had good insight into clinical symptoms and partial insight into neuro-cognitive symptoms. Neuropsychological variables were related to insight into clinical symptoms, but not insight into neuro-cognition. Clinical variables were not significantly related to either type of insight. Conclusions Insight is not a unitary concept and the differences between awareness of neuro-cognition and awareness of clinical symptoms suggest that they have to be addressed separately in treatment. Specific education about cognitive symptoms may be necessary to improve awareness of this aspect of the schizophrenia.
The Environmental Cracking of Ticode-12® in Aqueous Chloride Environments

Abstract The slow strain rate technique (SSRT) was used to assess the environmental cracking behavior of TiCode-12, a titanium-base alloy, in a simulated repository brine. The hydrogen effects and electrode potential were examined to understand the alloy's hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior. At open circuit, no environment effect was noted, as the results in air and brine were essentially identical. Hydrogen precharging of the samples resulted in a microstructure change, and at very high hydrogen levels, a degradation in mechanical properties. Anodic polarization of the Grade 12 Ti had no effect on mechanical properties, again indicating that the alloy is not susceptible to SCC. Severe cathodic polarization results in a change in both fracture mode and macroscopic stress-strain behavior. However, the conditions under which these changes were observed are considered to be much more severe than those encountered in the proposed repository sites.
Output tracking of spatiotemporal thermal dynamics in transport-reaction processes via adaptive model reduction

We consider the output tracking problem of spatially distributed processes described by nonlinear dissipative partial differential equations (DPDEs). The infinite dimensional representation of such systems can be decomposed to finite dimensional slow and infinite dimensional fast and stable subsystems. To circumvent the important issues of controller and observer synthesis for large dimensional models of DPDEs, the controller and observer design is addressed using adaptive proper orthogonal decomposition (APOD) to recursively construct locally accurate low dimensional reduced order models. The effectiveness of the proposed control structure is successfully illustrated on an output tracking problem of thermal dynamics in a catalytic reactor to reduce hot spot temperature and manage the thermal energy distribution across reactor length using limited number of actuators and sensors.
CMOS processor element for a fault-tolerant SVD array

This paper describes the VLSI implementation of a CORDIC based processor element for use in a fault-reconfigurable systolic array to compute the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a matrix. The chip implements a time redundant fault tolerance scheme, which allows processors adjacent to a faulty processor to act as computation backup during the systolic idle time. Also, processors around a fault collaborate to reroute data around the faulty processor. This form of time redundancy is attractive when tolerance to a few faults needs to be achieved with little hardware overhead.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Correlated polaron transport in a quasi-one-dimensional liquid crystal

Charge-carrier transport in the columnar phase of the discotic liquid crystal, hexapentyloxytriphenylene, has been investigated by the time-of-flight technique over a range of temperatures and electric fields. The hole mobility was found to be temperature and electric-field-dependent with a maximum value of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$. Its temperature dependence is consistent with a ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}n}$ power law, with the factor $n$ being dependent on the electric field. The drift velocity is a linear function of the electric field below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$ and tends to saturate at higher fields. These results were interpreted in the framework of correlated polaron motion as described by the nonadiabatic low-temperature limit of Holstein's polaron theory developed for a one-dimensional diatomic chain.
Geochronologic and isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic crust in the eastern Arabian Shield

The authors report zircon U-Pb, feldspar common Pb, whole-rock Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr data from sample Z-103, a fine-grained granodiorite from the Jabal Khida region of the Saudi Arabian Shield (lat 21/sup 0/19'N; long 44/sup 0/50'W). The measurements yield conclusive evidence for continental crust of early Proterozoic age (approx.1630 Ma) at that locality. Furthermore, lead-isotope data indicate an even earlier, perhaps Archean, crustal history for the source of the lower Proterozoic rocks. 17 references, 4 figures, 1 table.
FORMATION OF SHAPE-PRESERVING PULSES IN A NONLINEAR ADIABATICALLY INTEGRABLE SYSTEM

We have obtained a class of solitary wave solutions to novel exactly integrable nonlinear wave equations. Conservation laws can be identified and velocities of propagation predicted. We propose to test our predictions in the optical domain with two-color experiments.
The Effect of Professional Context on Accounting Students' Moral Reasoning

ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether the professional context of accounting ethical dilemmas influences accounting students' moral reasoning. In a between‐subjects experiment, 101 accounting students from a large public AACSB‐accredited university in the U.S. responded to four ethical dilemmas faced by either auditors or corporate accountants designed to measure their deliberative moral reasoning. As expected, students in the audit condition exhibited significantly higher deliberative moral reasoning than students in the corporate accounting condition. Supplemental analysis indicates this finding is robust to commonly influential demographic characteristics and perceptions about the current business environment. These results are consistent with accounting students having more audit‐based ethical knowledge structures which do not flexibly transfer to resolving ethical issues in the corporate accounting context.
Progress in education: Vietnam

Since 1961 Southern Illinois University has been involved in working with Vietnamese educators through an Agency for International Development Contract to improve, develop, and expand the elementary teacher education programs in the Republic of Vietnam. This involvement has been somewhat similar to that of George Peabody College for Teachers in Korea. These kinds of involvements resulting, in addition to the improvement of education in the host nation, in lasting relationships between educators and institutions offer much hope for future work with institutions and individuals in developing nations throughout the world. This brief explanation of the progress of this program in Vietnam may offer insights into some of the problems and successes of this and similar programs. It is impossible in a cursory overview to identify all of the influences which have had an impact upon Vietnamese education; however, in an attempt to set the stage for a brief look at current conditions, one must be aware of certain strong and national influences which have had a tremendous impact upon Vietnamese education. According to Harvey H. Smith, et. al., "The educational system in the pre-French period bore the imprint of nearly ten centuries (111 B.C. to A.D. 939) of Chinese rule and cultural influence. Confucianism, with its emphasis on learning and filial devotion, was a central force in a social order which gave
Growth of white clover clones in monoculture and contrasting bermudagrass swards

Spaced-plant arrangements provide a means of evaluating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm for a range of characteristics. Growth of spaced white clover plants in monoculture, however may not be related to growth with grasses. Our objective was to determine the relationships among various growth parameters of white clover grown as spaced plants in monoculture and with contrasting grass swards. Vegetative clones of 47 plants of Southern Regional Virus Resistant white clover germplasm were planted on 1-m centers in previously established common or hybrid ('Tifton 44') bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.) swards, or in monoculture in a Catalpa sity clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) in the fall of 1988 [...]
RNA-Seq based discovery and reconstruction of unannotated transcripts in partially annotated genomes

We describe the problem of transcriptome reconstruction in partially annotated genomes from RNA-Seq that involves unannotated transcripts discovery and reconstruction in the context of incomplete annotation. In this paper we present an annotation-guided transcriptome reconstruction method and compare it with existing annotation-guided and genome-guided assemblers. Our Detection and Reconstruction of Unannotated Transcripts (DRUT) method is used to enhance existing transcriptome assemblers. Our method enables accurate detections of reads from unannotated transcripts and applying transcriptome assembler on subset of reads improve reconstruction quality. Empirical analyses on synthetic datasets show that enhancement of existing transcriptome assemblers with DRUT can increase number of assembled transcripts from RNA-Seq data.
Paricalcitol does not improve glucose metabolism in patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease are often insulin resistant and glucose intolerant—abnormalities that promote cardiovascular disease. Administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) has improved glucose metabolism in patients with end-stage renal disease. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to test whether paricalcitol, a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analog, changes glucose tolerance in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease. In a crossover design, 22 nondiabetic patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates of stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease and fasting plasma glucose of 100–125mg/dl were given daily oral paricalcitol for 8 weeks and matching placebo for 8 weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. The order of interventions was random and blinded to both participants and investigators. Paricalcitol significantly reduced serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D while significantly increasing serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-23 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Paricalcitol, however, had no significant effect on glucose tolerance (the primary outcome measure), insulin sensitivity, beta-cell insulin response, plasma free fatty acid suppression, or urinary F2-isoprostane excretion. Thus, despite substantial effects on vitamin D metabolism, paricalcitol did not improve glucose metabolism in nondiabetic patients with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease.
Exothermicity and relaminarization effects in unsteady reactive square jets

Abstract We present results of numerical simulations of the near field of unsteady reactive square jets. The jets studied are compressible (subsonic) and consist of hydrogen diluted in nitrogen emerging into a quiescent background of oxygen also diluted in nitrogen. The numerical model involves space/time developing jets, species- and temperature-dependent diffusive transport, and finite-rate reduced chemistry appropriate for hydrogen combustion. The study focuses on investigating the role of exothermicity and relaminarization in controlling the jet development, and the dependence of these effects on Reynolds (Re) and Lewis (Le) numbers. For the flow regimes studies, considerable viscous damping effects are found for the reactive jets because of exothermicity and the monotonically increasing dependence of viscosity with temperature-in contrast with slight stabilizing effect of reducing Re in absence of chemical reactions. The reactive simulations predict generally higher jet temperatures and significantly...
Engineering with computers-a summer course for gifted high school students

The development of a six-week pre-engineering course at the University of South Florida is presented. The program focuses on the use of computers as the engineer's tool. Students spend three hours in the morning, five days per week, in an intensive formal instruction period including constructive number theory, computational linear algebra, and computer programming (FORTRAN-WATIV) conducted by members of the Mathematics faculty. Because of the computer use, the students receive the satisfaction of problem solving without being overwhelmed by the theory and computation. This imparts an engineering experience to students who, in general, have not been exposed to engineering in their high school curricula. >