cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel cyclone empirical pressure drop and emissions with heterogeneous particulate

Abstract With low capital cost and no moving parts cyclones are ideal emissions control devices for particulate laden gases. Their operating cost is almost entirely the financial and environmental cost of the fan energy required to overcome their pressure drop. A novel cyclone design discovered through modeling was reported to have a lower pressure drop than the standard cyclone. Empirical tests were conducted with 30.5 cm diameter cyclones comparing this novel design to the current standard cyclone design at inlet air velocities from 8 to 18 m s −1 using a heterogeneous test material at inlet concentrations from 3 to 75 g m −3 . Cyclone exhaust was passed through filters. Laser diffraction particle size distribution analysis of filter catch was used to estimate PM 2.5 emissions. Response surface models were used to compare the emissions and cyclone pressure losses of the two designs. While emissions were essentially identical among the cyclone designs, pressure losses were 30% less for the novel cyclone when compared to a standard cyclone of equal diameter and volumetric flow rate. This represents a substantial potential savings in energy.
Post-human philology and the ends of time in medieval bestiaries

This article shows how medieval bestiaries exclude animals from human language and Christian history – and also rely utterly on them. This simultaneous inclusion and exclusion produces what Giorgio Agamben calls a ‘space of exception’ that can be effaced in a receptive reading of the texts or exposed in a resistant one. The historical–philological practices of bestiaries on which this argument is based are knowledge of Scripture, etymology, and the reading and writing of history, which are present in different degrees in different texts of the bestiary tradition. This tradition is represented, in this article, by the Greek Physiologus, Latin bestiaries of the B-Is type and second-family redactions, and the French adaptations of Philippe de Thaun, Gervaise, Guillaume le Clerc and Pierre de Beauvais.
MEPS parameters and graph analysis for the use of recombination to construct ordered sets of overlapping clones.

Abstract Homologous recombination can provide a basis for the construction of an ordered set of overlapping clones. The principle is to make two libraries, each in a vector that has a different selectable marker flanking the insert site. Recombination between the flanking markers, leading to a selectable phenotype, can only occur as the consequence of crossing over between inserts. The two libraries are crossed in a matrix, allowing the construction of an ordered set. The logic, akin to S. Benzer's (1961, Genetics 47:403–415) for the arrangement of deletion,and point mutations, has a graph theoretic formulation, which helps to cope with the complex and noisy data inherent in the physical mapping of genomes rich in repeated sequences. The minimum length of identity required for homologous recombination is called the MEPS (minimum efficient processing segment) and is a property of each recombination pathway. The amount and the type of sequence similarity required for two sequences to recombine is different from that implied by either the conservation of restriction sites or by most procedures of hybridization.
A role for ammonia in the hydrogen economy

Abstract Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a non-polluting fuel which produces only water and nitrogen as products of combustion. Therefore, it could be an alternative to hydrogen for vehicle motive power in the hydrogen economy. For this role ‘electrolytic ammonia’ would be prepared by catalytic combination of electrolytic hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen. The background and developmental status of hydrogen and ammonia as motor-vehicle fuels are reviewed. Engine tests have demonstrated that ammonia can replace gasoline or diesel fuel for motor vehicles, giving near-theoretical values of engine power and efficiency. Ammonia is superior to hydrogen as a vehicle fuel for several reasons: it can be stored and transported as a liquid at ambient temperatures in low-pressure containers; per unit volume ammonia has 1.3 times the heating value of liquid hydrogen; ammonia is distributed internationally in quantities of over 100 million tons per year, and procedures and facilities are established world-wide for its safe handling and distribution. These factors would greatly facilitate the commercial adoption of ammonia as a practical replacement for carbonaceous fuels. The projected cost of supplying ‘electrolytic ammonia’ to motor vehicle filling stations is estimated to be roughly half the cost of supplying electrolytic liquid hydrogen for the same purpose, i.e. $10.5–12.5 GJ −1 for ammonia vs $25–30 GJ −1 for LH 2 (1988$). A summary is presented of the physical and thermo-chemical characteristics and estimated costs of ammonia in comparison with hydrogen, as liquid, compressed gas or stored as metal hydride. Properties of gasoline, methanol, ethanol and liquified methane are also listed.
On estimation of parameters in latent structure analysis

The latent structure model considered here postulates that a population of individuals can be divided intom classes such that each class is “homogeneous” in the sense that for the individuals in the class the responses toN dichotomous items or questions are statistically independent. A method is given for deducing the proportions of the population in each latent class and the probabilities of positive responses to each item for individuals in each class from knowledge of the probabilities of positive responses for individuals from the population as a whole. For estimation of the latent parameters on the basis of a sample, it is proposed that the same method of analysis be applied to the observed data. The method has the advantages of avoiding implicitly defined and unobservable quantities, and of using relatively simple computational procedures of conventional matrix algebra, but it has the disadvantages of using only a part of the available information and of using that part asymmetrically.
Resistance in oak (Quercus spp.) to defoliation by Tortrix viridana L. in Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve

Resistance in oak (Quercus spp.) to defoliation by caterpillars of Tortrix viridana L. was studied in an oak wood and a mixed wood in Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve. When defoliation is severe in the oak wood a few trees there and most of the oaks in the mixed wood retain relatively undamaged canopies. Their resistance was found to be phenological. The resistant trees in the oak wood flush either later or earlier than those that become defoliated; those in the mixed wood flush later. On late-flushing trees the buds open too late for newly hatched larvae to penetrate them, the resultant mortality reducing the larval population below the level at which damage is severe. The early-flushing trees carry as many larvae per leaf cluster as non-resistant trees but do not show severe defoliation because they produce more foliage and ‘grow away’ from the attack.
Dosage-mortality and time-mortality studies of a granulosis virus in a laboratory strain of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella

Abstract Different doses of a granulosis virus were administered to first- and fifth-instar larvae of the codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella. Virus was very pathogenic for both larval instars. The LD50 values for first- and fifth-instar larvae were 5 and 49 capsules/larva, respectively. However, fifth-instar larvae were much more variable in their response to virus than first-instar larvae. Using probit methods it was calculated that 1 capsule could cause death in about 25% of both larval instars but 1578 capsules were required to cause 70% mortality of fifth-instar larvae as compared to 12 capsules for first-instar larvae. This is the first report of a decided difference in variability of response to virus by two larval instars of the same species. A bimodal response by both larval instars was observed in time-mortality studies. Apparently, about 20% of the larvae were very resistant to virus infections.
Role of aldehydes in collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro

The process of in vitro fibrillogenesis of type I collagen from bovine tendon has been studied with particular attention to the events occurring in the lag phase. From the conditions under which those events can be reversed or stabilized and from the effects of reduction on the length of the lag phase, we conclude that one event is the reaction of aldehydes on the molecules. However, we have been unable to detect the products of these reactions or any physical changes in the solution, so the change most probably involves the inter- or intramolecular reaction of a very small fraction of the molecules. In particular, the viscosity appears unchanged in solutions in which nucleation-promoting structures have been stabilized, and so measurable numbers of polymers are not formed in this process.
Effects of ethanol on gastric mucosal adenosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cAMP)

Abstract The effects of ethanol on the gastric mucosal adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) system were evaluated. The activity of adenylate cyclase (AC), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and tissue content of cAMP were determined in the presence of ethanol. NaF stimulated AC in rat gastric mucosa was inhibited in vitro and in vivo by 20% ethanol. Basal AC activity was so low (0.05 ± 0.10 pmoles cAMP formed/min/mg protein) that consistent results without NaF could not be obtained. The PDE activity (172 ± 11 pmoles cAMP consumed/min/mg protein) was approximately 350 fold greater than the basal AC activity. All levels of ethanol tested (2.0–20.0%) significantly inhibited (p
A methodology for identifying married couples in medicare data: Mortality, morbidity, and health care use among the married elderly

Wedescribe a method for the development of cohorts of up to three quarters of the 14 million married couples aged 65 and over in the United States. The health care experiences, illness histories, and mortality of these identified couples can be assessed longitudinally using Medicare data. We summarize strengths and limitations of using data from Medicare administrative records for the study of marriage, health, and aging. We illustrate the method by demonstrating substantial differences in survival in a cohort of hospice patients as a function of not only the patient's own diagnosis and illness burden but also the patient's spouse's illness burden.
A nursing practice paradigm for depressed rural women: Theoretical basis

Depression is common among disadvantaged, rural women. Few of these women are treated because of access barriers or because treatment does not meet their needs. A treatment program for major depressive disorder (MDD) was designed based on biopsychosocial perspectives of the cause of MDD and practice roles of psychiatric nurses. The Nursing Practice Paradigm for Depressed Rural Women (NPP) guides a structured short-term nursing care program for MDD, the Women's Affective Illness Treatment Program (WAIT). The NPP and its theoretical basis are described.
A SOA Control Platform for IMS-Based IPTV

This paper proposes a SOA(Service Oriented Architecture) control platform which offers commonly required control functionalities such as terminal control, service session connectivity control, service information exchanging, etc., so that enables more efficient control platform configuration. Also it presents requirements and core functionalities of the SOA control platform for effective control on the interaction between various services and the platform. The SOA control platform is considered on next generation network, and it is focused on IPTV service control in the IMS network environment.
Mechanics of the single left ventricle: a study in ventricular-ventricular interaction II.

Background—Left ventricular (LV) effects on right ventricular (RV) function are well known. Less is understood about the effect of the RV on systemic LV mechanics. To determine this interaction, we compared systemic LVs with and without an RV mechanically coupled to them. Methods and Results—MR myocardial tagging was used to examine 18 subjects with systemic LVs: 10 with functional single LVs (SLV) and 8 normal subjects (NL). Tracking the systolic motion of the intersecting stripes were used to determine regional twist and radial motion. Finite strain analysis was applied to derive principal strains at the atrioventricular valve (AVV) and apical short-axis levels and in 4 anatomic wall regions. Similar E1 (circumferential shortening) strain and heterogeneity of strain were noted between SLV and NL except in the septal wall. At the septal wall, NL displayed greater absolute strain (AVV=−0.16±0.02, apex=−0.17±0.02) and less heterogeneity of strain than SLV (AVV=−0.12±0.02, apex=−0.13±0.02). Similar E2 (wall...
New Longitudinal Study of Teach for America Alumni's Civic Engagement: What's Enough of What Kind of Engagement?

Responding to media attention on a study of Teach for America (TFA) alumni, this essay summarizes key findings of alumni studies of TFA and AmeriCorps regarding evidence of sustained civic behavior in relationship to young adults’ search for meaning and purpose. Consideration is given to different definitions of civic engagement and what is “enough” civic engagement. It closes with questions regarding the role of reflection and spiritual development in discerning vocational calling and sustaining civic engagement.
Modeling of flow in a straight stented and nonstented side wall aneurysm model

We investigated the changes of flow patterns in a blood vessel with a side wall aneurysm resulting from placement of a stent. Local hemodynamics can be markedly altered by placing an intravascular stent, which covers the orifice of the aneurysm. The alternations in flow patterns can lead to flow stasis in the aneurysmal pouch and promote the formation of a stable thrombus. Furthermore, a porous stent can serve as substrate for neointimal growth and subsequently induce a remodeling of the diseased arterial segment. To examine changes in local hemodynamics due to stent placement, a stented and nonstented aneurysm model was investigated computationally in a three-dimensional configuration using a finite element fluid dynamics program. The finite element model was studied under incompressible, pulsatile, viscous, Newtonian conditions. The fluid dynamic similarity parameter, i.e., the maximum/minimum Reynolds number, was set at about 240/25 based on cross-sectional average instantaneous flow. The Womersley number was set to 2.5. These values are representative of large cerebral arteries. The results of the stented versus the nonstented model show substantial difference sin flow patterns inside the aneurysmal pouch. Flow activity inside the stented aneurysm model is significantly diminished and flow inside the parent vessel is less undulated and is directed past the orifice. A high-pressure zone at the distal neck and the dome of the aneurysm prior to stenting decreases after stent placement. However, elevated pressure values are found at the stent filaments facing the current. Higher shear rates are observed at the distal aneurysmal neck after stenting, but are confined to a smaller region and are unidirectional compared to the nonstented model.
Evaluation of 200D(+)-xylose blood level time curves as an index of intestinal absorption

Two hundred consecutived (+) -xylose blood level time curves performed on 180 individuals using a previously described method were evaluated. It was found that the test is useful to indicate malabsorption states in idiopathic nontropical sprue, scleroderma, Whipple's disease, and diabetic diarrhea with steatorrhea, as well as in mesenteric lymphatic obstruction. It also shows low values in cases of multiple diverticula of the small intestine and cholecystoduodenostomy. It does not consistently demonstrate the malabsorption caused by regional enteritis, resection of the distal small intestine, and pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Complete pyloric obstruction interferes with the test.
Molecular characterization and immunolocalization of the olfactory co‐receptor Orco from two blood‐feeding muscid flies, the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans, L.) and the horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans, L.)

Biting flies are economically important blood-feeding pests of medical and veterinary significance. Chemosensory-based biting fly behaviours, such as host/nutrient source localization and ovipositional site selection, are intriguing targets for the development of supplemental control strategies. In an effort to expand our understanding of biting fly chemosensory pathways, transcripts encoding the highly conserved insect odorant co-receptor (Orco) were isolated from two representative biting fly species, the stable fly (Scal\Orco) and the horn fly (Hirr\Orco). Orco forms a complex with an odour-specific odorant receptor to form an odour-gated ion channel. The biting fly transcripts were predicted to encode proteins with 87-94% amino acid similarity to published insect Orco sequences and were detected in various immature stages as well as in adult structures associated with olfaction, i.e. the antennae and maxillary palps, and gustation, i.e. the proboscis. Further, the relevant proteins were immunolocalized to specific antennal sensilla using anti-serum raised against a peptide sequence conserved between the two fly species. Results from the present study provide a basis for functional evaluation of repellent/attractant effects on as yet uncharacterized stable fly and horn fly conventional odorant receptors.
Length of Stay and Age affect Recidivism after a Quality Treatment Program

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of the factors of age and length of stay on recidivism for two hundred and twenty-eight male juvenile offenders. These boys, who were between the ages of 12 and 18, were residents at Elk Hill Farm in Goochland, Virginia. Elk Hill Farm is a private, non-profit, institution for troubled youth which utilizes a quality, multi-faceted treatment program that includes the following components; a peer group model, an aftercare program, a special education school, wilderness therapy and parent groups. From 1976 to the present these boys have been followed from the time of their release. A Success Rate Index, which divides the number of months that the boys are reincarcerated after leaving the program into the total number of months since leaving that program, was used to analyze this follow-up information. Longer stays and older boys at Elk Hill Farm appeared to lessen the likelihood of later incarceration. Thus it would appear that social and emotional growth, a quality...
The Excitation of the Arc Spectrum of Nitrogen.

The arc spectrum of nitrogen has been quite completely excited and measured in the region 8800-3400A with a low voltage arc in a mixture of helium and nitrogen. The process of excitation is probably a two step process: the first being the dissociation of nitrogen molecules into neutral atoms by impacts of the second kind with metastable helium atoms and the second, being the excitation of neutral nitrogen atoms by second impacts with metastable helium atoms. A complete list of wave-lengths is given and the classifications of the lines designated as far as they are known. A considerable number of new lines have been classified.
Click chemistry-derived bivalent quinine inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) effluxes a diverse set of drug substrates out of cells in an ATP dependent manner, thereby limiting the effective accumulation of therapeutic agents. Herein we demonstrate the use of click chemistry to rapidly generate bivalent quinine dimers, containing an intervening triazole ring, as potential inhibitors of P-gp mediated efflux. Calcein-AM substrate accumulation assays were performed in an MCF7/DX1 cell line that overexpresses P-gp to monitor the inhibitory activity of the clicked quinine dimers. A small library of potent P-gp inhibitors with varying tether lengths is reported, with the best dimer demonstrating low micromolar efficacy.
An evidence-based clinical protocol for diagnosis of acute appendicitis decreased the use of computed tomography in children

Abstract Purpose The increased use of computed tomography (CT) to diagnose appendicitis in children has led to a concern for the possibility of increased CT-related cancer morbidity. We designed a clinical protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis in children in an attempt to decrease the use of CT scans at our institution. Methods Patients who had surgical consultation for suspected appendicitis were placed on the clinical protocol. Data concerning diagnosis and treatment were collected prospectively. Retrospective data from patients admitted to our institution with acute appendicitis before the clinical protocol were collected as historical controls. Results One hundred twelve patients were diagnosed and treated by our protocol between June and November 2009. Of these, 100 patients underwent an appendectomy for acute appendicitis. They were compared with 146 patients from 2007. In-house CT use decreased from 71.2% to 51.7% ( P = .01). Preoperative ultrasound use increased from 2.7% to 21% ( P P = .25). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the implementation of an evidence-based clinical protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in children may safely decrease the use of CT scans and increase the use of ultrasound.
Luminescent properties of water-soluble denatured bovine serum albumin-coated CdTe quantum dots.

Chemically reduced bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been used to modify the surface of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs). It is demonstrated that the denatured BSA (dBSA) can be conjugated to the surface of CdTe QDs and thereby efficiently improve the chemical stability and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the QDs. It is inferred that a shell-like complex structure CdTex(dBSA)1-x will form on the surface of the CdTe “core”, resulting in the enhancement of PL intensity and the blue shift of the PL peak. This study of the effects of pH and dBSA concentration on optical properties of dBSA-coated QDs suggests that, at pH 6−9, the solution of dBSA-coated CdTe QDs can keep substantial stability and fluorescent brightness, whereas further increase of pH value leads to a dramatic decrease in PL QY and chemical stability. On the other hand, too high or too low initial dBSA concentration in the QD solution results in a decrease of PL QY for dBSA-coated CdTe QDs. This study provides a new approach of...
Natural killer cells in rejection and tolerance of solid organ allografts.

Purpose of review A series of recent papers defy conventional wisdom by showing that NK cells exert a powerful and long lasting influence on the immune response to whole organ allografts. The early activation of NK cells following transplantation is associated with killing of allogeneic target cells and release of immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines, which can contribute to either rejection or tolerance. Here, we review findings describing NK cell receptors, potential mediators and mechanisms underlying the dual influence of NK cells in solid organ transplantation.
The influence of vitamin B12 deficiency on the uptake of I131 by the thyroid gland in adult and embryonic chickens.

THE vitamin B12-deficient chick embryo was first described by Olcese et al. (1). Additional gross and pathological observations have been reported by Ferguson et al. (2, 3). These studies have shown that embryos obtained from hens fed a B12-deficient diet are small in size, edematous and have general body hemorrhages. Focal areas of necrosis were observed in the liver, brain and spinal cord and there was a marked increase in the fat content of the parenchymatous tissues. An enlarged thyroid gland was also reported. Histologic characteristics of the B12-deficient embryo thyroid have been described (4). The thyroid in the deficient embryo contained follicles which showed considerable variation in size and which contained less colloid than was observed in the normal embryo. An apparent delay in development of 24 to 72 hours was observed in the deficient embryo thyroid when compared with the normal.
Simulation of parallel computer systems on a shared memory multiprocessor

An object-oriented simulator model for parallel computer systems is described. It is designed for a shared memory multiprocessor and uses the principle of execution-driven simulation. Two alternatives for structuring the simulation are presented and evaluated. The first uses a single shared event list object and treats all processes uniformly. In the second, the parallel-program model and the target parallel-architecture model are each represented as a set of process objects that communicate with each other by means of messages. Only the local simulation times of the processes involved are examined prior to removing an event from the event list. This method enforces timestamp ordering among all events, thus providing the advantages of a global time and a global event list. Two independent concepts are integrated: parallel simulation on shared memory and execution-driven simulation of concurrent programs. >
Kafkas ,,Josefine oder das Volk der Mäuse": Das Kindlich-Mütterliche im Existenzkampf

The essay explores the significance of the childhood motif for the puzzling effacement of the female singer Josefine in "Josefine, the Singer, or the Folk of Mice." A short analysis of the narrative "The Silence of the Sirens" serves as a framework to understand Josefine's musicality and motherly instinct while highlighting Kafka's unique understanding of the Odyssey myth. At the center of both narratives lies the notion of childhood for which Rousseau fervently pleaded and Kafka sadly yearned as an adult. The study shows that Josefine's art performances create a trance-like space, a "dynamic stillness," which allows the mice to catch a glimpse of their lost childhood as a heroic state beyond life and death. Josefine's all-embracing motherly art subversively turns the enraptured folk of mice (the father figure) into a warm shapeless mass which signals a return to timelessness and death. Kafka's short story is less "a hypnotic illusion" to sustain power, as contended by James Rolleston, than an attempt to triumph over transiency through 'childlike' art performances.
Developing a knowledge-based system for product position advertising strategy formulation

The progress is reported of a research project designed to explore an answer to the question 'Can knowledge-based systems (KBS) assist in product advertising decisions?' For this study a user-developed KBS prototype, the Product Position Strategy Advisor, was developed to advise market planners about the optimum advertising for a product. The recommendation is based on two major factors: the purchase behavior of the target market and the product's points of differences (i.e. the consumers' perceptions of the product's and the company's strengths and weaknesses). The prototype, which is still evolving, is described. It is limited to positioning consumer products which are new to the firm and sold primarily in supermarkets. >
What Is a Watershed? Implications of Student Conceptions for Environmental Science Education and the National Science Education Standards

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' conceptions about watersheds. Specifically: (1) What are students' conceptions of a watershed? and (2) In what ways might students' conceptions vary by grade level and community setting? This study was descriptive in nature and reflected a cross-age design involving the collection of qualitative data from 915 students from the Midwest, United States. These qualitative data were analyzed for their content in an inductive manner, identifying student's conceptions. This content analysis was followed with a statistical analysis to determine the significance in the frequency of the identified student conceptions. Four categories emerged that reflected these students' conceptions. Based on these findings, we make curricular recommendations that build on the students' conceptions, the watershed concept, and the National Research Council (1996) Science Education Standards. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed91:554–578, 2007
Metabolism of threonine in newborn infants.

Threonine kinetics, threonine oxidative pathway, and the relationship between threonine and whole body protein turnover were quantified in 10 healthy term infants during the first 48 h after birth....
Improving problem-oriented mailing list archives with MCS

Developers often use electronic mailing lists when seeking assistance with a particular software application. The archives of these mailing lists provide a rich repository of problem-solving knowledge. Developers seeking a quick answer to a problem find these archives inconvenient, because they lack efficient searching mechanisms, and retain the structure of the original conversational threads which are rarely relevant to the knowledge seeker. We present a system called MCS which improves mailing list archives through a process called condensation. Condensation involves several tasks: extracting only messages of longer-term relevance, adding metadata to those messages to improve searching, and potentially editing the content of the messages when appropriate to clarify. The condensation process is performed by a human editor (assisted by a tool), rather than by an artificial intelligence (AI) system. We describe the design and implementation of MCS, and compare it to related systems. We also present our experiences condensing a 1428 message mailing list archive to an archive containing only 177 messages (an 88% reduction). The condensation required only 1.5 minutes of editor effort per message. The condensed archive was adopted by the users of the mailing list.
Online Education in an Age of Globalization: Foundational Perspectives and Practices for Technical Communication Instructors and Trainers

Online access and interest in technical communication are increasing on a global scale. The time is therefore right for instructors to consider offering online courses to students located around the globe. Providing effective online courses for such a diverse audience, however, is no simple matter. This article provides an overview of the global market in online education. It presents information and approaches that can help with the development of online courses for international delivery as well as the training and professional development of the instructors, U.S.-based or otherwise, who teach them.
Anesthetic considerations for laser, laparoscopy, and thoracoscopy procedures.

Laser surgery and laparoscopy are two relatively new surgical techniques gaining popularity in veterinary medicine, which require special consideration when being performed on the anesthetized patient. For laser surgery, consideration must be given to the possibility of atmospheric contamination, inappropriate energy transfer, eye injury, perforation of a vessel or anatomic structure, perforation of the endotracheal tube, and fire. The primary concern with laparoscopy and thoracoscopy is the creation of a pneumoperitoneum or pneumothorax, which can result in (1) hypercarbia and inadequate ventilation, (2) poor cardiac output and systemic blood pressure, and (3) gas embolism. To minimize complications, patients should be placed on positive pressure ventilation, be well hydrated before and during the procedure, and be thoroughly monitored (ECG, capnography, pulse oximetry).
Exploring Software Quality Classification with a Wrapper-Based Feature Ranking Technique

Feature selection is a process of selecting a subset of relevant features for building learning models. It is an important activity for data preprocessing used in software quality modeling and other data mining problems. Feature selection algorithms can be divided into two categories, feature ranking and feature subset selection. Feature ranking orders the features by a criterion and a user selects some of the features that are appropriate for a given scenario. Feature subset selection techniques search the space of possible feature subsets and evaluate the suitability of each. This paper investigates performance metric based feature ranking techniques by using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) learner with nine different performance metrics. The nine performance metrics include Overall Accuracy (OA), Default F-Measure (DFM), Default Geometric Mean (DGM), Default Arithmetic Mean (DAM), Area Under ROC (AUC), Area Under PRC (PRC), Best F-Measure (BFM), Best Geometric Mean (BGM) and Best Arithmetic Mean (BAM). The goal of the paper is to study the effect of the different performance metrics on the feature ranking results, which in turn influences the classification performance. We assessed the performance of the classification models constructed on those selected feature subsets through an empirical case study that was carried out on six data sets of real-world software systems. The results demonstrate that AUC, PRC, BFM, BGM and BAM as performance metrics for feature ranking outperformed the other performance metrics, OA, DFM, DGMand DAM, unanimously across all the data sets and therefore are recommended based on this study. In addition, the performances of the classification models were maintained or even improved when over 85 percent of the features were eliminated from the original data sets.
Value and the regulation of the sentiments

A familiar set of concepts with an especially tight connection to the human emotional repertoire concerns the sentimental values. Sentimental values are ways of being good or bad by meriting specific human sentiments. Some examples are ‘disgusting’, ‘funny’, ‘shameful’, and ‘fearsome’. Daniel Jacobson and I have begun to articulate and defend an account of these concepts that we call Rational Sentimentalism, according to which,
Insect pests of eucalypts in California: implications of managing invasive species.

For the first 150 years following their introduction, eucalypts planted in the California landscape were free of both insect pests and diseases. In the last 15 years, numerous herbivorous insect species have been introduced accidentally into the State and have caused significant damage to the trees. Several of these species, e.g. Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius), Phoracantha recurva Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), have also been introduced into other parts of the world where eucalypts are grown, whereas others, e.g. Glycaspsis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Spondyliaspidae) and Eucalyptolyma maideni Froggatt (Hemiptera: Spondyliaspidae), are currently restricted to California and Australia. Research programmes have provided management solutions to individual pest problems, but as more pest species are introduced, these solutions must be integrated across broad geographic, horticultural, and economic scales, in a systems approach.
Thick silicon strip detector Compton imager

We present results obtained with double-sided, thick (2 mm) silicon strip detectors used as a Compton imager. Reconstructed images and spectra from /sup 137/Cs and /sup 60/Co gamma-ray sources have been produced at room temperature using the multiple Compton technique. Multiple Compton interactions allow the energy and Compton scattering angle to be reconstructed without having to absorb the energy of the incident gamma ray completely. This extends our work on multiple Compton imagers using germanium strip detectors to silicon detectors that operate at higher temperatures. The energy resolution of the detectors for 60 keV gamma rays is 3-4 keV at room temperature and 2.1 keV at -20/spl deg/C. Simulations of the imager have been performed in GEANT4, including Doppler broadening and accidental coincidences, and show agreement with the measured data. Reconstructing the energy spectrum for 662 keV gamma rays that did not deposit their full energy in the instrument shows a peak at 662 keV with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 27.6 keV. The reconstructed image of the source shows an angular resolution of 3.3/spl deg/ FWHM.
Identification of intact protein thiosulfinate intermediate in the reduction of cysteine sulfinic acid in peroxiredoxin by human sulfiredoxin.

The reversible oxidation of the active site cysteine in typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) to sulfinic acid during oxidative stress plays an important role in peroxide-mediated cell signaling. The catalytic retroreduction of Prx - SO 2 - by sulfiredoxin (Srx) has been proposed to proceed through two novel reaction intermediates, a sulfinic phosphoryl ester and protein-based thiosulfinate. Two scenarios for the repair mechanism have been suggested that differ in the second step of the reaction. The attack of Srx or GSH on the Prx - SO 2 PO 3 2 - intermediate would result in either the formation of Prx-Cys-S(=O)–S-Cys-Srx or the formation of Prx-Cys-S(=O)–S-G thiosulfinates, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of Prx repair, we monitored the reduction of human PrxII - SO 2 - using rapid chemical quench methodology and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An 18O exchange study revealed that the Prx sulfinic acid phosphoryl ester is rapidly formed and hydrolyzed (k = 0.35 min–1). Furthermore, we observed the exclusive formation of a thiosulfinate linkage between Prx and Srx (k = 1.4 min–1) that collapses to the disulfide-bonded Srx-Prx species (k = 0.14 min–1). Thus, the kinetic and chemical competences of the first two steps in the Srx reaction have been demonstrated. It is clear, however, that GSH may influence thiosulfinate formation and that GSH and Srx may play additional roles in the resolution of the thiosulfinate intermediate.
Rocky shores and development of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Arroyo Blanco Basin on Isla Carmen in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Arroyo Blanco Basin on Isla Carmen preserves a 157 m thick, nearly complete record of Pliocene–Pleistocene history in the Gulf of California. Examples of rocky-shore geomorphology occur on all margins of this trapezoidal-shaped, 3.3 km2 basin. A shoreline is developed in low relief on Miocene andesite from the Comondu Group at the rear of the basin parallel to the long axis of the island. Two end walls trace normal faults that stayed active during the life of the basin and maintained steep rocky shores. The basin is 64% filled by calcarudite and calcarenite derived from crushed rhodolith debris. Other facies include shell beds and stringers of andesite conglomerate that define a 4°–6° ramp. The ramp expanded onshore through Pliocene time, based on a succession of overlapping range zones for 22 macrofossils typical of Lower through Upper Pliocene strata in the Gulf of California. The unconformity exposed 1 km inland at the rear of the basin is between Miocene volcanics and Pleistocene cap rock at an elevat...
Coherent oscillations as a neural code in a model of the olfactory system

This paper presents an investigation of two odor-coding mechanisms in Freeman's KIII neurodynamics model. Motivated by experimental evidence that supports the existence of a neural code based on synchronous oscillations, we propose an analogy between synchronization in neural populations and phase locking in KIII channels. The information carried by the phase is compared against the conventional amplitude code in terms of pattern-recovery capabilities. First, the scalar invariance of the KIII with respect to phase information is established. Symmetries and redundancies in the associative memory matrices are then exploited to perform an exhaustive evaluation of patterns on an 8-channel model. Simulation results show that phase information outperforms amplitude information in the recovery of odor patterns from incomplete or corrupted sensory stimulus.
Classification and detection of obstructions to planarity

We use the PQ-tree data structure and the Lempel. Even and Cederbaum planarity testing algorithm to investigate obstructions to planarity for a given nonplaner graph G=(V,E), |V|=n.. We classify obstructions to planarity as they appear in this algorithm and give and O(n) algorithm for locating them.
The energy dependence of proton-induced degradation in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

The effects of proton irradiation at various energies are reported for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The devices exhibit little degradation when irradiated with 15-, 40-, and 105-MeV protons at fluences up to 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/, and the damage completely recovers after annealing at room temperature. For 1.8-MeV proton irradiation, the drain saturation current decreases 10.6% and the maximum transconductance decreases 6.1% at a fluence of 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/. The greater degradation measured at the lowest proton energy considered here is caused by the much larger nonionizing energy loss of the 1.8-MeV protons.
A mitogen gradient of dorsal midline Wnts organizes growth in the CNS

Cell cycle progression and exit must be precisely patterned during development to generate tissues of the correct size, shape and symmetry. Here we present evidence that dorsal-ventral growth of the developing spinal cord is regulated by a Wnt mitogen gradient. Wnt signaling through the beta-catenin/TCF pathway positively regulates cell cycle progression and negatively regulates cell cycle exit of spinal neural precursors in part through transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin D2. Wnts expressed at the dorsal midline of the spinal cord, Wnt1 and Wnt3a, have mitogenic activity while more broadly expressed Wnts do not. We present several lines of evidence suggesting that dorsal midline Wnts form a dorsal to ventral concentration gradient. A growth gradient that correlates with the predicted gradient of mitogenic Wnts emerges as the neural tube grows with the proliferation rate highest dorsally and the differentiation rate highest ventrally. These data are rationalized in a 'mitogen gradient model' that explains how proliferation and differentiation can be patterned across a growing field of cells. Computer modeling demonstrates this model is a robust and self-regulating mechanism for patterning cell cycle regulation in a growing tissue. Supplemental data available on-line
Understanding Department and Institutional Culture: An Important Responsibility for Department Chairs

Abstract Understanding the culture of the department and university community is an essential task for department chairs. Important elements of this culture include history; traditions; core values; aspirations; strategic plans; faculty teaching and research interests; organizational structure; policy; governance; and perceptions of the department held by students, faculty, and others. In this article, sources of information are presented along with strategies intended to enable a chair to develop and maintain an understanding of the culture.
Genotype -phenotype correlation of MEFV mutations in Eastern / Central European population.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a rare disease in Central and Eastern European countries and phenotype -genotype correlation in this population is not well established.
NO2 Reaction Pathways With NH3 on an Fe-Zeolite SCR Catalyst

One approach for nitrogen oxides (NOx ) emission control of medium duty diesel engines is through the use of a combination Lean NOx Trap and Selective Catalytic Reduction (LNT-SCR) catalyst system. In this system, part of the NOx conversion occurs via an NH3 SCR catalyst that is dependent on the NO2 to NOx ratio of the feed gas with NO2 being a more advantageous oxidizer. One benefit of using this system is the conversion of NO to NO2 over the LNT which increases the NO2 :NOx ratio of the feed gas to the SCR catalyst. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the NO2 -NH3 reaction for an Fe-based zeolite SCR catalyst using a bench top flow reactor. The increase in NO2 concentration at the inlet of the SCR results in the formation of large quantities of N2 O from 200°C to 400°C. Further experiments determined that N2 O and NH3 react above 350°C. This has led to a hypothesis that one primary SCR reaction (Slow SCR) can be replaced with two reaction steps featuring NH3 , NO2 , and N2 O. As a result, this paper proposes five NOx reduction reactions as part of a global mechanism, which would account for the observed experimental behavior.© 2011 ASME
Relationships between Financial Advisors, Issuers, and Underwriters and the Pricing of Municipal Bonds.

This study examines how familiarities between the main actors in the underwriting process affected the borrowing costs of municipal bonds in the primary market in California between 2001 and 2006. The author finds that familiarities play an important role in determining the borrowing costs of negotiated sales but not of competitive sales. The familiarity between underwriters and issuers can significantly lower the interest costs of municipal borrowings for negotiated sales; however, the reverse is observed for the familiarity between underwriters and financial advisors. The author explains these findings by exploring the roles of relationship and competition in an imperfect market in which there are potential distortionary forces of information asymmetry and agency problems.
0086 Strengthening a culture of safety for children: developing hospital and community collaborations

Statement of purpose Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death and disability for America’s children. The economic consequences of injury are staggering; with injury being the leading cause of medical spending for children ages 5–14 in Wisconsin. As a health care system, we see the consequences of preventable injuries. As a children’s hospital we have an obligation to lead the way in modelling best practice, evidence-based injury prevention strategies for children in collaboration with our community partners. Methods/Approach Health care providers and community partners are looking to embrace population health strategies to achieve a greater good for improving the health of children. Using a collective impact model enables communities to accelerate the progress they can have in reducing childhood injury related morbidity and mortality. Safety devices, when correctly used, are highly effective in preventing injuries and saving lives. Recognition of the need to reduce health disparities by removing potential social, economic and language barriers for families around injury prevention strategies is critical. Results Examples related to child passenger safety, a safe sleep campaign, and a “safety store” will be provided. Program barriers and challenges, as well as successful outcomes in strengthening the culture of injury prevention through community engagement will be shared. Significance and Contribution to the Field Health care providers and community partners are looking to embrace population health strategies to achieve a greater good for improving the health of children. Using a collective impact model enables communities to accelerate the progress they can have in reducing childhood injury related morbidity and mortality. Safety devices, when correctly used, are highly effective in preventing injuries and saving lives. Recognition of the need to reduce health disparities by removing potential social, economic and language barriers for families around injury prevention strategies is critical.