cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevention, Early Detection, and Reversal of Type-2 Diabetes using Collective System Design

Type-2 Diabetes remains a progressive chronic disease that takes more and more lives every year. Small studies are beginning to show that a lifestyle approach could reverse type-2 diabetes in most individuals. The key discoveries from these studies are captured and formulated into a System Design Map for Prevention, Early Detection, and Reversal of Type-2 Diabetes using Collective System Design. Collective System Design describes systems as four aspects that interrelate: tone, thinking, structure and work. The tone in Collective System Design fosters an environment that views human failure as a failure of the system design itself. The thinking in Collective System Design is communicated by Axiomatic Design (AD).With the Collective System Design Approach, a model for prevention, early detection, and reversal of chronic disease is developed. The motivation for this paper is the ability to save millions of lives through a sustainable lifestyle program by identifying the required diet and exercise.
Modeling Interdependent Smart City Infrastructure Systems with HFGT

This chapter applies hetero-functional graph theory to an interdependent smart city infrastructure test case called “Trimetrica.” One feature of “Trimetrica” is its significant heterogeneity of function. It integrates a water distribution system, a power grid, and an (electrified) transportation network. The chapter demonstrates the construction of a single system adjacency matrix for such a heterogeneous system. The approach is incremental: each of the models in hetero-functional graph theory is discussed and connected to the other models to construct the system adjacency matrix piece-by-piece. Additionally, the heterogeneity found in the “Trimetrica” test case shows that hetero-functional graph theory overcomes the ontological and modeling constraints found in the multi-layer network literature.
Impact of the Market Infrastructure on the Security of Smart Grids

We study the resiliency of demand response (DR) systems to data integrity attacks. In particular, we compare two popular proposals for DR: 1) a centralized direct load control system, and 2) a decentralized dynamic prices system. Through an economic analysis, we show that decentralized dynamic pricing systems are more resilient to attacks that try to defraud (or damage) the system. On the other hand, we show that this resiliency comes with a disadvantage for detecting attacks, as distinguishing attacks from system failures is harder in systems with dynamic prices. We also propose penalties for the users who benefit from an attack. The penalties depend on the estimated losses of victims and can discourage rational attackers from launching attacks in the first place.
Using User-Centered Design to Build a Library Website

Ubrzani razvoj tehnologije i povecanje broja dostupnih online usluga promijenili su ocekivanja korisnika vezana za sadržaj i usluge na mrežnim sjedistima knjižnica. Prigovori korisnika najcesce su usmjereni na poteskoce povezane s navigacijom i sadržajem u kojem se intenzivno koristi žargon najcesce razumljiv samo knjižnicnom osoblju. Da bi mrežno sjediste knjižnice bilo usklađeno s korisnickim potrebama, ocekivanjima i mogucnostima koristenja, prilikom dizajna i izrade mrežnog sjedista potrebno je primijeniti pristup koji se naziva dizajn usmjeren korisniku . Ovaj rad ce predstaviti proces dizajna i razvoja mrežnog sjedista knjižnice u skladu s pristupom koji ukljucuje razumijevanje karakteristika i potreba korisnika knjižnica, mjerilo usporedbemrežnih sjedista knjižnica slicnog profila, analizu korisnickih potreba, definiranje strategije sadržaja, analizu zadatka, sortiranje kartica, izradu prototipa, heuristicku evaluacija i testiranje upotrebljivosti. Pristup i proces predstavljen u ovom radu temelji se na osobnom iskustvu autorice te primjerima dobre prakse.
Motion artifact removal of optical coherence tomography angiography based on tensor voting

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a promising tool for imaging subsurface microvascular networks owing to its micron-level resolution and high sensitivity. However, it is not uncommon that OCTA imaging tend to suffer from strip artifacts induced by tissue motion. Although various algorithms for motion correction have been reported, a method that enables motion correction on a single en face OCTA image remains a challenge. In this study, we proposed a novel motion correction approach based on microvasculature detection and broken gap filling. Unlike previous methods using registration to restore disturbed vasculature during motion artifact removal, tensor voting is performed in individual projected image to connect the broken vasculature. Both simulation and in vivo 3D OCTA imaging of mouse bladder are performed to validate the effectiveness of this method. A comparison of in vivo images before and after motion correction shows that our method effectively corrects tissue motion artifacts while preserving continuity of vasculature network. Furthermore, in vivo results of this technique are presented to demonstrate the utility for imaging tumor angiogenesis in the mouse bladder.
Trust and Discipline: Adolescents’ Institutional and Teacher Trust Predict Classroom Behavioral Engagement following Teacher Discipline

This daily diary study examined how adolescents' institutional and teacher-specific trust predicted classroom behavioral engagement the day after being disciplined by that teacher. Within mathematics classrooms, adolescents (N = 190; Mage = 14 years) reported institutional and teacher-specific trust and then completed a 15-day diary assessing teacher discipline and behavioral engagement. The results indicated that, among adolescents with low teacher trust, discipline was unrelated to next-day behavior. Contrastingly, adolescents with high teacher but low institutional trust became less engaged following discipline, whereas those with high teacher and institutional trust became more engaged. These findings suggest that adolescents interpret discipline within the social context of trust, and adolescents' trust in the institution and teacher are important for discipline to improve behavior.
Novel simulations to determine the impact of superficial perineal structures on vaginal delivery

This study's aim was to determine whether the inclusion of superficial perineal structures in a finite-element simulation of vaginal delivery impacts the pubovisceral muscle and perineal body, two ...
20. 4+1 AMBULATORY WEEK MODIFICATION TO ENHANCE OVERALL RESIDENCY EXPERIENCE

Purpose The University at Buffalo Pediatrics 4+1 block schedule format was well-received by residents. Striving to advance our residents 3 year training experience, the chief residents adjusted the schedule based on the residents’ feedback. These adjustments were in light of a growing national concern of physician burnout. Burnout is defined as a syndrome of psychological problems experienced due to chronic work stress. There is a link between work stress and lower levels of well-being. In a recent poll of pediatricians, 41% reported some degree of burnout. Objective The goals of the schedule modification to the +1 ambulatory week aimed to establish meaningful mentor vs. mentee relationships, improve the ability to complete scholarly activities, allow time for board preparations, and improve residents’ wellness. Design Historically, the +1 ambulatory week was comprised of 5 half-day sessions of continuity clinic mixed with half-day sessions of adolescent clinic in the second year and developmental clinic in the third year. Based on residents’ feedback during the 2017-18 year, the adolescent and developmental half-days were transferred into the traditional month long block. The unfilled half-day sessions were repurposed for research, clinical administration time, resident wellness, and board preparations. Results Data collected in the spring of 2019 will be compared to the program specific ACGME survey results of 2018. In the spring 2018 survey, 50% of residents felt the program assisted with their development of individual learning plans, showing 21.4% in strong agreement. As of Jan. 2019, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) will be implemented biannually to assess residents’ wellness. Discussion We remain optimistic that these changes will allow for greater access to research and scholarly activities, as well as improved wellness scores. To date, the feedback has been overwhelmingly positive and adjustments to the Interns’ schedules for research sessions occurred. We remain confident that improvement in the annual ACGME survey and biannual CBI results will be witnessed.
Exploration of the association of selected pain diagnoses with risky alcohol use among active duty soldiers.

Pain and its consequences remain of concern, particularly in high-risk occupations such as the military. Alcohol is a legal and accessible means of self-medication, and risky alcohol use is associa...
Proactive Entrepreneurs: Who Are They and How Are They Different?:

The uniqueness of entrepreneurs is a common theme in academic literature and yet, scholars have expressed scepticism about the generalisability of any specific personal characteristic. We argue tha...
Comparison of FreeHand ® robot-assisted with human-assisted laparoscopic fundoplication

Objective: To compare the safety, operative time and feasibilty of FreeHand® robot (FreeHand Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom) with manual camera control approach for Laparoscopic Fundoplication.Mate...
Does an over-connected visual cortex undermine efforts to stay sober after treatment for alcohol use disorder?

A fine-tuned interplay of highly synchronized activity within and between the brain's communities is a crucial feature of the brain's functional organization. We wanted to investigate in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) the degree to which the interplay of the brain's community-architecture and the extended brain reward system (eBRS) is affected by drinking status (relapse or abstinence). We used Graph Theory Analysis of resting-state fMRI data from treatment seekers at 1 month of abstinence to model the brain's intrinsic community configuration and their follow-up data as abstainers or relapsers 3 months later to quantify the degree of global across-community interaction between the eBRS and the intrinsic communities at both timepoints. After 1 month of abstinence, the ventromedial PFC in particular showed a significantly higher global across-community interaction in the 22 future relapsers when compared to 30 light/non-drinking controls. These differences were no longer present 3 months later when the relapsers had resumed drinking. We found no significant differences between abstainers and controls at either timepoint. Post hoc tests revealed that one eBRS region, the ventromedial PFC, showed a significant global across-community interaction with a community comprising the visual cortex in relapsers at baseline. In contrast, abstainers showed a significant negative association of the ventromedial PFC with the visual cortex. The increased across-community interaction of the ventromedial PFC and the visual cortex in relapsers at timepoint 1 may be an early indicator for treatment failure in a subgroup of AUD patients.
A behavioral training protocol using visual perceptual learning to improve a visual skill

Summary We describe a behavioral training protocol using visual perceptual learning (VPL) to improve visual detection skills in non-experts for subtle mammographic lesions indicative of breast cancer. This protocol can be adapted for the professional training of experts (radiologists) or to improve visual skills for other tasks, such as the detection of targets in photo or video surveillance. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Frank et al. (2020a) .
Study Title-Based Framing Effects on Reports of Sexual Violence and Associated Risk Factors in College Students:

Objective:There are many methodological issues in studying sexual violence, including potential framing effects. Framing effects refer to how researchers communicate the purpose of a study to parti...
Association of social support with overall survival and health care utilization in patients with aggressive hematologic malignancies.

e18582Background: Social support plays a crucial role for patients with aggressive hematologic malignancies as they navigate their illness course. We examined associations of social support with ov...
Ultraviolet recall due to cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.

A 6-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was admitted for his third cycle of chemotherapy on Children’s Oncology Group Protocol AALL1831 (cytarabine 1000 mg/m2 every 12 hours and etoposide 150 mg/m2 daily for days 1–5). On day 3 he developed pain, erythema and oedema of his hands. He
Natriuretic Peptides and the Management of Heart Failure

Natriuretic peptide has been validated as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of heart failure, although its role in guiding medical management of heart failure is not well established. We endeavored to determine if natriuretic peptide-guided therapy is associated with improved outcomes for heart failure patients. A total of 11 trials (2628 patients) comparing natriuretic peptide-guided therapy with standard therapy for heart failure patients were identified; follow-up times ranged from 3 months to 3 years. Our data indicate that natriuretic peptide levels and all-cause mortality rates do not appear to benefit from natriuretic peptide-guided therapy when compared with standard therapy. However, a decreased rate of cardiovascular events does appear to be associated with natriuretic peptide-guided therapy.
Studies of the autonomic nervous system in “atopic” individuals: I. Palmar sweating in allergic patients: A cholinergic phenomenon

Abstract 1.1. Patients with allergic respiratory disease manifest a statistically significant increase in the incidence of intense palmar sweating as determined by the Silverman technique over patients with psychoneurosis (civilian) and syphilis. 2.2. Race, sex, and age (15 to 65 years) are without influence on intense palmar sweating; therefore, the difference in incidence between the allergic and nonallergic groups is due to factors associated with the clinically manifest allergic state and are not sampling errors. 3.3. The significance of this phenomenon is discussed from the standpoint of disturbed water balance and cholinergic stimulation. 4.4. It seems probable that clinically manifest allergic respiratory disease in man is dependent on an inherent behavior pattern of the autonomic nervous system in addition to the immunologic factor of hypersensitivity.
The Avonlea Point: Horizon Marker for the Northwestern Plains

The authors define a readily distinguished type of small, triangular, side-rotched projectile point previously assigned to the Late Prehistoric Period of the northwestern Plains but which was thoug...
Direct measurement of adhesion between clean metal and tool surfaces in machining

Abstract Research into the nature of adhesion between two materials pressed together to form a junction is often limited by the methods employed in the formation of the junction and surface preparation of the materials. This is particularly true in the study of metal-metal contacts where the preparation of smooth, contaminant free surfaces is difficult. A novel method has been developed to measure the adhesive force between the tool and chip in machining. In this method, 2-D orthogonal cutting is used to develop intimate contact between two metal surfaces that are free of contaminants and oxide layers. The contact conditions are such that the real area of contact is equal to the apparent area of contact. The contact is perturbed in a controlled manner by applying a modulation of low amplitude, normal to the contact area. By measuring the tensile force required to break the contact in the presence of modulation, a direct measurement has been made of the adhesive strength of the toop-chip interface and its dependence on process parameters. It is also shown that the application of modulation can produce a two-to-three fold reduction in the friction force at the tool-chip interface suggesting opportunities for significantly enhancing the efficiency of machining processes.
Delayed Intraperitoneal Catheter Erosion into the Small Bowel

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be provided in cases of metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Although most complications arise during or immediately after insertion of the catheter, there are complications that can arise several months later or during therapy administration. One of these delayed complications is catheter erosion into adjacent bowel.
Construction of Shear Wave Models by Applying Multi-Objective Optimization to Multiple Geophysical Data Sets

For this work, our main purpose is to obtain a better understanding of the Earth’s tectonic processes in the Texas region, which requires us to analyze the Earth structure. We expand on a constrained optimization approach for a joint inversion least-squares (LSQ) algorithm to characterize a Earth’s structure of Texas with the use of multiple geophysical data sets. We employed a joint inversion scheme using multiple geophysical data sets for the sole purpose of obtaining a three-dimensional velocity structure of Texas in order to identify an ancient rift system within Texas. In particular, we use data from the USArray, which is part of the EarthScope experiment, a 15-year program to place a dense network of permanent and portable seismographs across the continental USA. Utilizing the USArray data has provided us with the ability to image the crust and upper mantle structure of Texas. We prove through numerical and experimental testing that our multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) scheme performs inversion in a more robust, and flexible matter than traditional inversion approaches.
Re-evaluating Palermo: The case of Burmese women as Chinese brides

The definition of human trafficking as set in the Trafficking Protocol (also known as the Palermo Protocol) functionally centres most of the response to the phenomenon in the criminal justice system. This occludes many of the sociopolitical determinants of vulnerability that leads to trafficking. It also discourages any real debate about the various forms of oppression and even structural violence that act as catalysts to the human trafficking market. The Trafficking Protocol, and a vast number of international organisations, non-governmental organisations and governments, focuses on statistics of prosecution rates, arrests, victim typology and organised crime. I use the example of bride trafficking along the Sino-Burmese border to illustrate the complications and, in certain instances, harm that befall an anti-trafficking regime that does not use a wider lens of migration, agency, development and gender equality to address the factors leading to exploitation.
Loop Quantization of Maxwell Theory and Electric Charge Quantization

We consider the loop quantization of Maxwell theory. A quantization of this type leads to a quantum theory in which the fundamental excitations are loop-like rather than particle-like. Each such loop plays the role of a quantized Faraday's line of electric flux. We find that the quantization depends on an arbitrary choice of a parameter e that carries the dimension of electric charge. For each value of e an electric charge that can be contained inside a bounded spatial region is automatically quantized in units of hbar/4*pi*e. The requirement of consistency with the quantization of electric charge observed in our Universe fixes a value of the, so far arbitrary, parameter e of the theory. Finally, we compare the ambiguity in the choice of parameter e with the beta-ambiguity that, as pointed by Immirzi, arises in the loop quantization of general relativity, and comment on a possible way this ambiguity can be fixed.
Endometriosis‐Associated Infertility: Double Intrauterine Insemination Improves Fecundity in Patients Positive for Antiendometrial Antibodies

Citation Subit M, Gantt P, Broce M, Seybold DJ, Randall G. Endometriosis-associated infertility: double intrauterine insemination improves fecundity in patients positive for antiendometrial antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 100–107 Problem Prospective registry study evaluating effects of endometriosis (E) and serum antiendometrial antibodies (AEA) on fecundity in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Method of study AEA assays on 572 consecutive women receiving 969 single and 274 double IUI cycles. Logistic regression was utilized. Results Fecundity was 11.5% (143/1243 cycles). Double IUI improved fecundity with significance achieved in certain study groups. Compared to the AEA− subgroup, all study groups except for the E+ AEA− group had significantly lower fecundity. Two study groups receiving double IUI had significantly increased fecundity, E− AEA+ (OR: 5.1, CI: 1.1–22.7, P = 0.032) and E+ AEA+ (OR: 4.1, CI: 1.2–14.0, P = 0.025) and significant predictors of pregnancy (E− AEA+, OR: 7.8, CI: 1.7–36.2, P = 0.009 and E+ AEA+, OR: 4.2, CI: 1.2–15.1, P = 0.026). Conclusion Double IUI improves fecundity in AEA+ patients. E-associated infertility is better diagnosed by the AEA assay than by surgery. Double IUI should be attempted prior to assisted reproductive technologies in AEA+ patients with normal fallopian tubes.
Power spectrum analysis and redshift data

We provide a formal mathematical analysis of the “Power Spectrum Analysis” (PSA) method by Yu and Peebles (1969), including illustrative controlled numerical experiments, to better understand their properties. The PSA method generates a sequence of random numbers from observational data which, it was claimed, is exponentially distributed with unit mean and unit variance. Although the derived variable may be reasonably described by an exponential distribution over much of its range, the tail of the distribution is far removed from that of an exponential, thereby rendering statistical inference and confidence testing based on the tail of the distribution completely unreliable. We show that a recently constructed method due to Guthrie and Napier (1996) is formally equivalent, and offers no new insights.
Aortic lymph node metastases in early ovarian cancer.

Abstract Aortic node biopsies performed in 26 patients with Stage I ovarian cancer revealed 5 with metastases. All were associated with virulent tumors of the undifferentiated anaplastic or embryonal cell type. The 19 per cent incidence of lymphatic metastasis in this area stresses the need for evaluation of the aortic node chain in patients with early delimited ovarian cancer.
Unstable water flow in a layered soil : I. Effects of a stable water-repellent layer

Water repellent soils are found throughout the world and can exhibit significantly different water flow characteristics as compared to a wettable soil. The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of the stability of the water repellency on the development of unstable water flow below a water repellent layer. Unstable water-repellent soil refers to a soil whose degree of repellency changes with time after contact with water. Experiments were conducted in a specially built rectangular chamber where wetting front patterns could be observed through a Plexiglas sheet. The experiments were done on water repellent sand layers that were treated to create water drop penetration time (WDPT) values of 1, 10, and 150 min. The WDPT of the layer and the ratio (h o + L)/h p were important in the development of fingers, where h o is the depth of ponded water at the soil surface, L is the depth of the water repellent layer and h p is the water entry pressure head of the water repellent layer. For low WDPT (1 min) no fingers formed. As the WDPT increased, the tendency for finger formation also increased. The medium WDPT (10 min) layer caused finger formation, however, the fingers broadened and converged after continued flow and an almost uniform wetting front eventually developed. The combination of a high WDPT (150 min) and (h o + L)/h p <1 produced the most dramatic and persistent fingering. The finger development across the layer and the flux through the layer was found to be a function of time. Water repellency at the soil surface has the greatest impact on infiltration because water depth may not be sufficient to overcome the water entry pressure and run-off would decrease the time of exposure to water to overcome unstable water repellency.
A novel distributed progressive reservation protocol for WDM all-optical networks

In this paper, we propose and describe a new distributed reservation protocol for establishing lightpaths in WDM all-optical networks. Distributed control mechanisms are preferred and employed because of their advantages over centralized ones to set up virtual channels. The new protocol is a combination of the conservative and aggressive backward reservation protocols, which attempts to improve performance by adapting a reservation to network circumstances. On the one hand, the new protocol uses network circumstances and decides and applies a more conservative or aggressive approach. In other words, the protocol progressively fluctuates between those reservation protocols in order to capture their respective advantages. As a result, in extreme cases it acts exactly like either the conservative or the the aggressive reservation protocol. On the other hand, it considers the characteristics of a network to set a retry-list size. As a result, a retry-list size is not determined by a fixed number but modified based on the multiplexing degree of a network, which prevents imposing ineffective retries on a network with a small number of wavelengths and instead encourages more retries for a network with numerous channels. Therefore, the proposed protocol transforms the static nature of existing reservation protocols into a more adaptive one in order to enhance network performance.
Plasmablastic Morphology Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

PURPOSE: To study the prognostic value of plasmablastic morphology after autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed or primary refractory myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients were studied. Investigators blinded to the clinical details of the individual cases reviewed bone marrow aspirate slides to determine plasmablastic classification. Plasmablasts were defined using strict, well-described criteria. Plasmablastic morphology was considered to be present (plasmablastic myeloma) when 2% or more plasmablasts were present in the plasma-cell population. RESULTS: Patients underwent transplantation 5 to 88 months (median, 20 months) after the initial diagnosis of myeloma. Twenty-eight percent of patients had plasmablastic morphology. A significantly greater proportion of patients with plasmablastic morphology had abnormal cytogenetics compared with those with nonplasmablastic classification (73% v 31%, respectively; P = .003). The overall survival rate measured from the time of transplanta...
Exact renormalization group and loop equation

We propose a gauge invariant formulation of the exact renormalization group equation for nonsupersymmetric pure U(N) Yang-Mills theory, based on the construction by Tim Morris. In fact we show that our renormalization group equation amounts to a regularized version of the loop equation, thereby providing a direct relation between the exact renormalization group and the Schwinger-Dyson equations. We also discuss a possible implication of our formulation to the holographic correspondence of the bulk gravity and the boundary gauge theory.
Halogenated glass systems for the protection of structural carbon-carbon composites

Abstract Oxidation protection systems or carbon-carbon composites have met limited success, particularly between 900 and 1500 °C where internal glass inhibitors are relied upon to protect the composite. Thi study investigated potential halogenated glass protection systems for the protection of structural carbon-carbon composites. A series of fluoride and fluoroborate glass compositions were selected based on thermodynamic predictions; specifically, to reduce volatility of current B2O3 based protection systems at elevated temperatures. The halogenated glass candidates examined in this study included a series of fluoroborate glasses containing 5 and 10 mol% CaF2, MgF2 and NaF. Since B2O3 is currently used as the matrix inhibitor, the effectiveness of these glasses was compared to B2O3 based upon their high temperature durability and ability to inhibit oxidation of SP-1 and HLM-85 graphite. The high temperature durability of the glasses were compared during two hour isothermal holds in oxygen at 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500 °C. The ability of the halogenated glasses to inhibit the oxidation of SP-1 and HLM-85 graphite was analyzed by examining the oxidation kinetics of compacts containing 33 wt% of the glass inhibitor and graphite. This study is unique in that the oxidation kinetics of inhibited carbon materials were studied in the temperature range of 900 to 1500 °C. This temperature range is of critical importance in the application of these materials.
Collective coupling of a macroscopic number of single-molecule magnets with a microwave cavity mode.

We report the observation of strong coupling of a macroscopic ensemble of $\ensuremath{\sim}1{0}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ molecular nanomagnets to the resonant mode of a microwave cavity. We use millimeter-wave spectroscopy to measure the splitting of the system's resonant frequency induced by the coupling between the spins and the cavity mode. The magnitude of this splitting is found to scale with $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the number of collectively coupled spins. We control $N$ by changing the system's temperature and, thereby, the populations of the relevant spin energy levels. Strong coupling is observed for two distinct transitions between spin energy states. Our results indicate that at low temperatures nearly all of the spins in the sample couple with the cavity's resonant mode even though there is substantial inhomogeneous broadening of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$ spin resonances.
Solution-processed, nanostructured hybrid solar cells with broad spectral sensitivity and stability

Hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells, as an alternative to all-organic solar cells, have received significant attention for their potential advantages in combining the solution-processability and versatility of organic materials with high charge mobility and environmental stability of inorganic semiconductors. Here we report efficient and air-stable hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells with broad spectral sensitivity based on a low-gap polymer poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and spherical CdSe nanoparticles. The solvents used for depositing the hybrid PCPDTBT:CdSe active layer were shown to strongly influence the film morphology, and subsequently the photovoltaic performance of the resulted solar cells. Appropriate post-deposition annealing of the hybrid film was also shown to improve the solar cell efficiency. The inclusion of a thin ZnO nanoparticle layer between the active layer and the metal cathode leads to a significant increase in device efficiency especially at long wavelengths, due to a combination of optical and electronic effects including more optimal light absorption in the active layer and elimination of unwanted hole leakage into the cathode. Overall, maximum power conversion efficiencies up to 3.7 ± 0.2% and spectral sensitivity extending above 800 nm were achieved in such PCPDTBT:CdSe nanosphere hybrid solar cells. Furthermore, the devices with a ZnO nanoparticle layer retained ∼70% of the original efficiency after storage under ambient laboratory conditions for over 60 days without any encapsulation.
Psychiatric liaison nursing 1962–1982: A review and update of the literature

Abstract Psychiatric liaison nursing, first conceptualized in the early sixties, evolved from a perceived need to address the psychosocial problems experienced by patients who were hospitalized for treatment of physical illness. Early practitioners tended to be educators and clinical supervisors who collaborated part-time with psychiatric liaison services associated with departments of psychiatry. Consultation with nursing staffs provided indirect care to liaison patients. Papers of the later sixties and early seventies described role models and delineated hierarchy, accountability, function, and supervision. Articles also began to appear about specific patient phenomena and liaison nursing interventions. The mid-seventies yielded a proliferation of position descriptions and the introduction of educational programs to prepare psychiatric liaison nurses at the master's level. The late seventies and early eighties have seen some elaboration of theory-based practice and further evolution of the liaison role. Research data have been cited and problems identified for ongoing study.
COMPARISON OF A GRAB SAMPLER AND LARGE VOLUME CORER1

Sampling efficiencies of the Smith-McIntyre grab and the USNEL spade corer were compared based on macrofaunal abundance, biomass, and size. The spade corer’s efficiency was greater than that of the grab sampler; this is attributed to its greater depth penetration.
Antibiotic therapy of experimental airborne Legionnaires' disease

The efficacy of erythromycin, gentamicin and rifampicin has been compared in the treatment of experimental airborne Legionnaires' disease in guinea-pigs. Evaluation was based on survival of animals after 1LD50 or 10LD50 infection, on numbers of Legionella pneumophila in the lungs and on the extent of histopathological lesions. All three drugs were effective in increasing survival in 1LD50 infections, but only rifampicin gave any protection against 10LD50 infection. Rifampicin was the most effective agent in eliminating viable L. pneumophila from the lungs and also in preventing pulmonary lesions.
To T-cell deplete or not

Comment on Pavletic et al, page [3308][1] After more than two decades of clinical practice, we finally have results from the first randomized study of T-cell depletion of donor marrow before allogeneic transplantation. It has been clear for more than 20 years that ex vivo depletion of
Nonparametric regression with long-memory errors

Abstract The fixed design regression model with long-memory errors is considered. The finite-dimensional asymptotic distributions of the properly normalised kernel estimators of the regression function are shown to be normal when the errors are a linear process.
Next Generation Military Fiber Optic Connectors

In this presentation the authors provide a summary of the navy's next generation fiber optic connector (NGCon) development. Background, motivations, requirements, connector design, and the current status are discussed
The Shuttling SR Protein 9G8 Plays a Role in Translation of Unspliced mRNA Containing a Constitutive Transport Element

The splicing regulatory SR protein, 9G8, has recently been proposed to function in mRNA export in conjunction with the export protein, Tap/NXF1. Tap interacts directly with the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element (CTE), an element that enables export of unspliced, intron-containing mRNA. Based on our previous finding that Tap can promote polysome association and translation of CTE-RNA, we investigated the effect of 9G8 on cytoplasmic RNA fate. 9G8 was shown to enhance expression of unspliced RNA containing either the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus-CTE or the recently discovered Tap-CTE. 9G8 also enhanced polyribosome association of unspliced RNA containing a CTE. Hyperphosphorylated 9G8 was present in monosomes and small polyribosomes, whereas soluble fractions contained only hypophosphorylated protein. Our results are consistent with a model in which hypophosphorylated SR proteins remain stably associated with messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes during export and are released during translation initiation concomitant with increased phosphorylation. These results provide further evidence for crucial links between RNA splicing, export and translation.
The Fibrous Form Confers Unique Properties on Materials

The main distinguishing feature of the fiber is simply that it is a particle where the ratio of length to width ratio is very large. This provides connectivity between two relatively remote areas. Such linkage may confer strength through physical linkage or may relate primarily to information transfer. In the inorganic world, fibers can originate as a result of the process by which the solid material is condensed from the corresponding liquid form. Man-made fibrous materials are essentially polymers of a single or several molecular species repeated many times, or, in the case of metals, chains of elemental atoms. A host of man-made fibers have been developed in the last 50 years. A large range of uses has been found for these products. These include clothing, upholstery, fiber optic cables, filters, insulation, electromagnetic screening, and boat and aircraft construction. [...]
Establishment of a counter-selectable markerless mutagenesis system in Veillonella atypica

Using an alternative sigma factor ecf3 as target, we successfully established the first markerless mutagenesis system in the Veillonella genus. This system will be a valuable tool for mutagenesis of multiple genes for gene function analysis as well as for gene regulation studies in Veillonella.
Modeling ringdown: Beyond the fundamental quasinormal modes

While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasinormal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we present a robust method to identify quasinormal mode excitations beyond the fundamentals within currently available numerical relativity waveforms. In applying this method to waveforms of 68 initially nonspinning black hole binaries, of mass ratios $1\ensuremath{\mathbin:}1$ to $15\ensuremath{\mathbin:}1$, we find not only the fundamental quasinormal mode amplitudes, but also overtones, and evidence for second order quasinormal modes. We find that the mass-ratio dependence of quasinormal mode excitation is very well modeled by a post-Newtonian-like sum in symmetric mass ratio. Concurrently, we find that the mass-ratio dependence of some quasinormal mode excitations is qualitatively different from their post-Newtonian inspired counterparts, suggesting that the imprints of nonlinear merger are more evident in some modes than in others. We present new fitting formulas for the related quasinormal mode excitations, as well as for remnant black hole spin and mass. We also discuss the relevance of our results in terms of gravitational wave detection and characterization.
Circulating tumor markers in patients with neuroendocrine tumors - a clinical perspective

Abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon malignancies with a very diverse presentation and prognosis. Patients with NETs frequently have circulating tumor biomarkers that may aid in the diagnosis and help with prognostication. The most commonly used and best studied marker is chromogranin A, which appears to reflect the tumor burden and is useful at the time of diagnosis, and to monitor for recurrence after resection as well as to assess response to systemic therapy. Despite being the best studied marker, chromogranin A has significant limitations. Multiple other biomarkers are in use, but most have not been studied well and need further validation before being recommended for clinical practice. We review both established and novel circulating biomarkers, and highlight some of the limitations of tumor marker use in patients with NETs.
Inhibition of Prolactin Gene Transcription by Transforming Growth Factor-β in GH3 Cells

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is a member of a large family of growth factors, several of which regulate pituitary function. TGF beta has recently been reported to reduce PRL production by GH4 cells. We have examined the effect of TGF beta on PRL gene expression in rat pituitary tumor GH3 cells. TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2 reduced both basal and Ca(2+)-stimulated PRL mRNA levels. This inhibition was specific, as the mRNA levels for GH, glucose-regulated protein 78, and histone-3 were unaffected by TGF beta. Inhibition of PRL gene expression by TGF beta was dose dependent in the range of 0.5-10 ng/ml. TGF beta inhibited run-on PRL gene transcription in nuclei from treated cells to the same extent that it reduced PRL mRNA levels, indicating a transcriptional mechanism of action. However, TGF beta did not affect Pit-1 mRNA levels or run-on transcription of the Pit-1 gene. Thus, TGF beta does not appear to act through modification of Pit-1 gene expression. The PRL promotor contains two regions of homology, with a consensus sequence found in the promoters of other TGF beta-inhibited genes. These findings are consistent with other studies that have demonstrated transcriptional repression by TGF beta. The potency and specificity of the effects of TGF beta on PRL gene expression suggest that it may be a physiological regulator of lactotroph function.
An Interferometric Investigation of Separated Forced Convection in Laminar Flow Past Cavities

Resultats d'une etude experimentale de la convection forcee laminaire dans des cavites d'une plaque plate placee dans une soufflerie a faible vitesse. Mesure des profils de temperature et des coefficients locaux de transfert de chaleur en utilisant un interferometre de Mach-Zehnder. Toutes les parois etant maintenues a une temperature uniforme, realisation des experiences pour un rapport longueur/profondeur des cavites de 4 et de 1, pour differents nombres de Reynolds
New developments in pediatric pneumonia and empyema

A number of important developments concerning childhood pneumonia and empyema have received recent attention in the literature. Drug-resistant strains of the most common bacterial pathogen for childhood pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, have emerged in diverse geographic regions within the United States. Studies regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains have now been published. Promising new diagnostic methods for detecting difficult to culture pathogens in sputum using polymerase chain reaction technology are now available and undergoing critical evaluation in clinical use. The debate on how to best manage empyema continues, and the role of fibrinolytic therapy and thoracoscopy as a possible alternative to traditional thoracotomy and decortication are reviewed.
Phase stabilities in the AlCuRu system

Abstract Isothermal sections of the AlCuRu phase diagram at 500 and 800dgC have been determined for Al concentrations greater than 60 at.%. At 500°C, the icosahedral phase is not thermodynamically stable, whereas at 800°C it is stable over a fairly broad compositional region. The formation of the fci phase from the low temperature tetragonal phase is by a nucleation and growth process. The first-order transformation to the fci phase is endothermic, indicating that the fci phase is at a higher energy than the tetragonal phase.
Perioperative Blood Transfusions Promote Pancreas Cancer Progression

Complex abdominal procedures to extirpate malignancies are often associated with blood transfusion. In particular, perioperative transfusion rates for pancreaticoduodenectomy can be as high as 75%. In the early 1970s it was shown that blood transfusions likely had immunomodulating effects as renal allografts were found to have longer survival in patients who received multiple transfusions. Subsequently, it has been suggested that blood transfusions may promote cancer progression. Many retrospective series have supported this hypothesis, and recent studies examining long-term survival in patients undergoing "Whipple" procedures suggests that transfusion is a negative prognostic factor. Despite these studies, the claim that transfusion is a simple surrogate for patient health, tumor size, location, and biology are difficult to refute. The use of syngeneic murine models has allowed many confounding variables to be controlled, and suggest that transfusion does indeed promote pancreas cancer progression. Based on these findings, as well as the continued need for blood transfusion, alternate strategies in transfusion management are warranted.
IMPLEMENTING PROPERTY TAX REFORM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: Lessons from the Property Tax in Indonesia

Indonesia is currently undergoing a major property tax reform. The reform has been undertaken in two steps. First, a new Land and Building Tax was enacted in 1986. This new law dramatically simplified the property tax structure and replaced seven different land-related taxes. Second, the Government initiated a major institutional exercise to strengthen property tax administration. This resulted in a major reorganization of the tax department, the adoption of a “collection-led” implementation strategy, and the introduction of an innovative payment point collection system (SISTEP). Since the enactment of these legal and institutional reforms, property tax revenues have increased dramatically from Rp.154 billion in 1985/86 to over Rp.900 billion in 1991/92. Collection efficiency has improved and enforcement activities have resulted in a historic property seizure for property tax delinquency in October 1991. This paper analyzes the results of the Indonesian property tax reform and identifies lessons for developing countries interested in strategically implementing property tax reform.