cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Importance of reference Hamiltonians containing exact exchange for accurate one-shot G W calculations of Cu 2 O

We show that a ``one-shot'' $GW$ approach (denoted ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$) can accurately calculate the photoemission/inverse-photoemission properties of Cu${}_{2}$O. As the results of any perturbative method are heavily dependent on the reference state, the appropriate reference Hamiltonian for ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ is identified by evaluating the performance of density-functional-theory-based input wave functions and eigenvalues generated with selected exchange-correlation functionals. It is shown that a reference Hamiltonian employing the hybrid Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional used in conjunction with ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ produces an accurate photoemission/inverse-photoemission band gap and photoemission spectrum whose character is then further analyzed. The physical origin of why a hybrid functional is required for the zeroth-order wave function is discussed, giving insight into the unique electronic structure of Cu${}_{2}$O in comparison to other transition-metal oxides.
A test of the role of copulatory plugs in sperm competition in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

CABRERA, A. L. 1971. Fitogeografia de la Repiiblica Argentina. Bol. Soc. Argentino Bot., 14:1-42. GREER, J. K. 1965. Mammals of Malleco Province, Chile. Publ. Mus. Michigan State Univ., Biol. Ser., 3:51-151. HERSHKOVITZ, P. 1962. Evolution of neotropical cricetine rodents (Muridae) with special reference to the phyllotine group. Fieldiana: Zool., 46:1-524. MARES, M. A. 1975a. South American mammal zoogeography: evidence from convergent evolution in desert rodents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 72:17021706. 1975b. Observations of Argentine desert rodent ecology, with emphasis on water relations of Eligmodontia typus. Pp. 155-175, in Rodents in desert environments (I. Prakash and P. K. Ghosh, eds.). W. Junk b.v., The Hague, 624 pp. 1977. Water economy and salt balance in a South American desert rodent Eligmodontia typus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 56A:325-332. MELLO, D. A. 1978. Biology of Calomys callosus (Rengger, 1830) under laboratory conditions (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Rev. Brasileira Biol., 38:807811. MORELLO, J. 1958. La provincia fitogeografica del Monte. Opera Lilloana, 2:1-155. PEARSON, O. P. 1951. Mammals of the highlands of Peru. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 106:117-174. PUIG, S., AND N. R. NAMI. 1981. Estudio del crecimiento y reproducci6n de Graomys griseoflavus (Waterhouse, 1837) en una colonia de laboratorio. Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," 2:129-171. VILLAFANjE, G. DE 1981. Reproduccion y crecimiento de Calomys musculinus murillus (Thomas, 1916). Hist. Nat., 1:237-256.
Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver III. Electrokinetics of Replicating Cells Treated with Anti-Mitotic Antibiotics.∗:

SummaryFollowing amputation of approximately 70% of a rat's liver, there ensues a period of active nucleic acid synthesis followed by a wave of cell division. Surface alterations occur during the preparation for mitosis which result in an increase of electro-phoretic mobility and it has been suggested that cell division is dependent upon surface charge. The present study demonstrates that the assumption of increased electrostatic charge during the preparation for cell division is not the result of newly synthesized protein and in accord with previous work indicates that cell division is independent of surface charge. However, it was suggested that the total surface charge of interphase cells is related to the constant synthesis of surface proteins.
A New Technique for the Measurement of Artifact Angles

A new technique for the measurement of artifact angles is presented. A clay impression of an edge is made, the angle of the edge is then measured with a 6X comparator equipped with an angle measuring reticle. The technique is compared with other angle measuring techniques currently in use. Additional measurement capabilities of the comparator are also presented.
Brauer Factor Sets, Noether Factor Sets, and Crossed Products

The role of Noether’s crossed products and factor sets in the study of the Brauer group Br(F) of a field F is well known. In particular, it is central in the determination of the Brauer group of a number field and in the proof of the Albert—Brauer—Hasse—Noether theorem that central division algebras over number fields are cyclic ([2], [5], [8], [9]). The central algebraic result of Noether’s theory is the isomorphism of the subgroup Br(E/F) of Br(F) consisting of the algebra classes having a finite dimensional Galois extension field E/F as a splitting field with the co-homology group H 2 (G, E*) where G = Gal E/F. This leads to an isomorphism (given later) of the full Brauer group Br(F) with a cohomology group of the Galois group of the separable algebraic closure of F.
Conservation and Utilization Status and Prospect of Wild Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi

This paper introduced the current status of in situ and ex situ conservation and utilization of wild rice germplasm resources in Guangxi.Based on the current situation,some opinions were put forward about studies on wild rice resources in Guangxi.(1) Strengthening the construction of long-term security conservation system,perfecting in situ and ex situ conservation system.(2)Deeply studying on comprehensive identification and evaluation and to know the potential utilization value of wild rice.(3)Strengthening germplasm innovation and studies on independent intellectual property to process more excellent gene.(4)Perfecting a sharing system and strengthening studies on breeding,changing advantage of resources to advantage of economy.(5)Strengthening scientific and technological cooperation and academic exchange in wild rice studies.
The Use of Telephone Surveys in Human Service Needs Assessment - An Idea Whose Time Has Come?

This article explores the potential use of telephone surveys for the conduct of human service needs assessments. After reviewing relevant literature bearing on the subject of telephone surveys, a theoretical telephone survey human service needs assessment of Maricopa County, Arizona is compared with an actual human service needs assessment using the traditional personal survey approach. The results suggest that the two approaches produce similar findings at the aggregate data, or community, level but that the underrepresentation of certain target groups of interest to human service administrators (e.g. low-income and ethnic minorities) may cause disaggregation problems. Methodological techniques to deal with the underrepresentation of these target groups in telephone survey human service needs assessments are discussed. The article concludes by suggesting that the successful utilization of a telephone survey approach to human service needs assessment may ultimately turn more on political rather than methodological concerns. It has been said that no planning function is more important than needs assessment (). The identification of human service needs to be addressed through the allocation of resources and the provision of services is the key to tile remaining planning tasks. There are numerous approaches to needs assessment-service provider surveys, key informant surveys, review of secondary data, review of management information, and public hearings--to name just a few. But of all the possible approaches to needs assessment, the most valid is the general population survey (1,14). The general population survey's major advantage over other forms of needs assessment is that it is based upon a random sample of the general population and thus permits statistically valid inferences to be made about the incidence of human service needs in the population as a whole. Historically, the preferred mode of implementation of a general population survey has been the face-to-face interview or what shall be referred to in this text as a personal survey. Increasingly, however, cost considerations and disappointing response rates have prompted many researchers to begin exploring the possibility of utilizing telephone surveys as a viable alternative approach to personal surveys (5,8,9,10,12). The cost per completed personal survey interview has been estimated to vary anywhere from $60 to $200 depending upon the geographical dispersion of the respodents and the type of organization, commercial or non-commercial,
Segregation Analysis Using the Properties of Binomial Data

The first chapter of my first book (1948) was about segregation analyses based entirely on the pioneer work of Haldane (1932, 1938). These two papers still constitute my basic knowledge of segregation analysis today, I am not ashamed to say. These two papers also got me thinking about the properties of the Mendelian segregation data which are essentially binomial in nature. A diagram illustrating the Mendelian segregation pattern for an autosomal locus with dominance appeared in the first chapter of the 1948 book and is reproduced here (reluctantly) as Fig.1 for the convenience of later reference. (This figure may also be found in several textbooks on human genetics).
New Processes as Drivers for Revolutions in Materials Research: Microwave Sintering and Multiple Pulsed Laser Forming

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the history of the transfer of the science from technology to illustrate the inherent intellectual conservatism of basic scientists and the opportunities that it creates for applications-driven research. The first example describes the development of microwave sintering of white ceramics and its subsequent very successful application to the WC industry. Spectacular savings of at least one order of magnitude in cycle time and energy cost, coupled to capital savings and improved properties likely accelerate this processes entry into the marketplace. It is probable that little understanding research will have even been started before most applications have been developed beyond the patent stage and many products are out. The second case is the use of multiple pulsed laser fluxes for radically new materials creation. Phase changes resulting in optimum combination of hardness and toughness were engineered down to depths of hundreds of microns to mms.
Mining Association Rules from XML Data

With the growing usage of XML in the World Wide Web and elsewhere as a standard for the exchange of data and to represent semi-structured data, there is an imminent need for tools and techniques to perform data mining on XML documents and XML repositories. In this chapter, we propose a framework for association rule mining on XML data. We present a java-based implementation of the apriori and the FPgrowth algorithms for this task and compare their performances. We also compare the performance of our implementation with an XQuery-based implementation.
Behavior and classroom management: Are teacher preparation programs really preparing our teachers?

Research suggests that many teachers are underprepared for the behaviors that their students may bring to the classroom, resulting in challenges to teaching and learning. The purpose of this study ...
Impact-related thermal effects on the redox state of Ca-pyroxene

Oxidation is observed in Ca-pyroxene subjected to a range of shock pressures (21–59 GPa). Changes in the pyroxene redox ratio as measured by the changes in %Fe3+ ranged from 2–6 times the starting composition. Mossbauer and reflectance spectroscopy record the changing Fe3+ concentration as a preferential oxidation of Fe2+ in the M2 crystallographic site. The oxidation is also accompanied by mechanical changes in the pyroxene crystals including fracturing, linear defects, and twinning. As oxygen fugacity is often calculated using mineral redox ratios and thought to represent the prevailing fO2 during crystallization, it is imperative to recognize that the fO2 values measured in impact-derived materials may represent that of the impact and not the magma source region.
The Morrosquillo Assemblage Revealed: Provenance and Context of a Refined Group of Ground-edge Stone Tools from the Caribbean Lowlands of Colombia

Polished ground-edge stone tools exhibiting a wide range of shapes, sizes, and lithologies as well as aesthetic sophistication and exceptional quality occur in large numbers throughout the Caribbean lowlands of Colombia and beyond. The wealth of polished tools suggests an advanced and large-scale lithic industry. This paper provides context for a collection of over 300 tools collected as surface finds in an area centered on the Gulf of Morrosquillo on the central lowlands, and it is thus dubbed the Morrosquillo assemblage. Using a combination of geologic and archaeological evidence, these tools are traced to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the enclave of the Taironas for 1000 years, where the abundance of high-quality raw materials enabled the development of an impressive lithic industry. Thorough examination of the stone tools revealed that they were mostly utilitarian objects used in a variety of tasks; however, the large numbers of polished tools suggest that the tool makers were as concerned with aesthetic appearance as with utilitarian purposes, and some of the tools were apparently symbols of status. The presence of tools that appear to have been deliberately broken suggest that they probably were used in rituals or offering ceremonies.
Weaving a living: gender, craft, and sustainable resource use in Botswana

Abstract Botswana baskets are both an emblematic cultural symbol and a popular tourist souvenir, made by women from natural materials and reflecting gendered experiences of work, creativity, and resource use. The expansion of their production for sale over the past 30 years has often led to concerns about strain on the natural resources used for weaving, but more recently, the ways in which women talk about how they access these materials has changed. Rather than framing resources as scarce and under threat from poor harvesting practices, increasing numbers of women describe shifts in use practices that reflect growing awareness of the need to protect and cultivate plants such as hyphaene petersiana, or mokola palm. This change reflects the importance of rethinking what constitutes community-based natural resource management to include not only formalized trusts, but informal networks through which women harvest and use forest resources. It also highlights the insights of political ecology in considering the ways in which power impacts natural resource use, while emphasizing the need to expand notions of knowledge to become more inclusive and grounded. Key Words: Gender, political ecology, community-based conservation, Botswana, craft
Guidelines for Undergraduate Minors and Concentrations in Statistical Science

Representatives from academia, industry, and government met in May 1999 and in April 2000 at the ASA Headquarters to discuss issues concerning undergraduate education in statistical science. One outcome of these meetings was the symposium entitled “Improving the Workforce of the Future: Opportunities in Undergraduate Education,” held August 12 through 13, 2000, in Indianapolis, Indiana. Among the topics discussed in the meetings and at the symposium were guidelines for minor programs in statistical science. This article summarizes the results of these discussions.
Multi-institutional Analysis of Vaginal Brachytherapy Alone for Women With Stage II Endometrial Carcinoma.

Purpose To investigate the survival endpoints in women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II endometrial cancer who received adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) alone using multi-institutional pooled data. Methods and Materials We performed a multi-institutional analysis of surgically staged patients with FIGO stage II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer treated with VBT alone. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were collected and analyzed. Univariable and multivariable frailty survival models were performed to assess clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence and death. Results One hundred six patients were included (92 VBT alone and 14 VBT with chemotherapy) with median follow-up of 39.0 months. Pelvic node dissection was performed in 89.6% of patients. One hundred four patients (98.1%) and 2 patients (1.9%) had microscopic and macroscopic cervical stromal invasion, respectively. Grade 1 or 2 disease occurred in 88.6% of patients. For patients treated with VBT without chemotherapy, the 5-year estimates of vaginal failure, pelvic nodal failure, and distant metastases were 2.6%, 4.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 74.0% and 76.2%, respectively. On univariable and multivariable models for progression-free survival, increasing age and lack of pelvic node resection were hazardous (P Conclusions Vaginal and pelvic failure rates were low in this selected population of stage II patients receiving adjuvant VBT without external beam radiation therapy. It is reasonable to consider adjuvant VBT alone in selected patients with grade 1 or 2 disease and microscopic cervical stromal invasion who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy.
The Ergodic Decomposition

In previous chapters it was shown that an asymptotically mean stationary dynamical system or random process has an ergodic decomposition, which means that the sample averages imply a stationary and ergodic process distribution with the same ergodic properties. This followed because AMS systems or processes have ergodic properties—convergent sample averages — for all bounded measurements, and this in turn implied an ergodic decomposition. In this chapter an alternative form for the ergodic decomposition is derived which clarifies its nature as the random selection of a stationary and ergodic system, the ergodic decomposition is applied to Markov processes, and an ergodic decomposition for affine, lower semicontinuous functionals of random processes in terms of the distributional distance is derived.
fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3(COOMe): A model metallocarboxylate complex of rhenium with a bipyridyl ligand

The title compound, fac-(2,2′-bipyridyl)(carbomethoxy)rhenium tricarbonyl, crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with the following crystal data: a = 8.37551(1), b = 6.6934(1), c = 26.2098(1) A, V(A3) = 1535.93(3), Z = 4, and β = 90.0971(2). The metal environment is slightly distorted octahedral with a chelating bipyridyl ligand and a facial arrangement of the carbon monoxide ligands.
Current status of the field: an anthropological perspective on the behavior modification treatment of alcoholism.

This chapter discusses behavior modification treatment for alcoholism in terms of the potential influence of cultural factors on the treatment process. It is suggested that cultural factors may be an important determinant of treatment involvement and treatment success. Four categories of cultural factors are identified and discussed: (1) folk beliefs about the cause and treatment of illness; (2) beliefs about control of one’s behavior: (3) socialization techniques; and (4) acculturation. It is also suggested that behavior modification treatments, compared to other general treatments, do less harm to an individual’s cultural identity while, at the same time, they provide an opportunity for cultural factors to be used in the treatment selection process.
Analysis of large-strain microindentation of crystalline polymers

Abstract: This chapter presents the analysis of large-strain microindentation tests for measuring the plastic properties of crystalline polymers in small volumes. Experimental results are obtained by using cylindrical, flat-ended indenters with the diameters of less than 100 μm (larger than the molecular dimensions of the crystalline polymers). The deformation process is analyzed theoretically to obtain material properties from the microindentation tests.
A comparison of food frequency and diet recall methods in studies of nutrient intake of low-income pregnant women.

The aim of this study was to develop a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for use with low-income pregnant women and to evaluate its performance in classifying women according to nutrient intake. Index nutrients used were energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins A, B-6, and C. Two hundred ninety-five Massachusetts women, aged 14 to 43 years, participated in the field test of the questionnaire. A subset of 95 women provided three 24-hour diet recalls for use in comparative studies. Correlation coefficients between questionnaire and diet recall scores were adjusted for measurement error resulting from the limited number of 24-hour recalls per subject, and their confidence intervals were computed. When subjects with implausibly high energy scores (>4,500/day) were removed from the sample, reducing sample size by about 15%, correlation coefficients increased substantially (25% to 64%) for all nutrients except vitamin A. Adjusted correlation coefficients exceeded 0.5, excluding vitamin A (r∼0.15), and quintile comparisons indicated that the questionnaire would correctly identify a high proportion of the women having low intake of selected nutrients. We conclude that a self-administered questionnaire can provide useful data about individual recent intake of selected nutrients in a majority of English-speaking, low-income pregnant women, but that overestimation of food use may occur among up to 20% of this population. J Am Diet Assoc 89:1786-1794, 1989.
Spannung und Verzerrung. Verhalten des Materials

Ein fester Korper unterliege den Einwirkungen auserer Krafte, die entweder an seiner Oberflache oder, wie die Schwerkraft, an jedem einzelnen Korperelement angreifen, und befinde sich dabei im Gleichgewicht.
Photoreceptor outer segment development: Light and dark regulate the rate of membrane addition and loss

The rate of membrane addition during outer segment development and the onset of membrane loss through shedding was evaluated for Xenopus laevis embryos reared at 23 degrees C in constant light (LL), constant darkness (DD), and cyclic light (12 hr L/12 hr D; LD). Embryos were placed under these lighting conditions 1 day following fertilization at open neural plate stages and were sampled each day for 9 days. Rod and cone outer segments were present in each treatment group on day 3 of development. At the end of 10 days of development, rod outer segment volumes were 708 +/- 195, 380 +/- 40, and 297 +/- 33 micrometer3 (mean +/- S.D.) for LL, LD, and DD treatment groups, respectively, whereas mean cone outer segment volumes were 57 +/- 8, 48 +/- 8, and 35 +/- 9 micrometer3 for these same treatment groups. The loss of outer segment material through shedding was assessed by monitoring the phagosome content of the pigment epithelium. Phagosomes were present in the pigment epithelium in DD embryos as early as 6 days of development, were present at day 5 only after the onset of the light cycle in LD embryos, and were rarely observed in LL embryos. The rate of outer segment membrane elaboration in rods (determined with 3H-leucine autoradiography) was virtually identical in LL and LD (100 and 98 micrometer3/day) but was greatly reduced in DD (70 micrometer3/day). These findings indicate that the relatively rapid rate of rod outer segment volume accumulation in LL embryos is due to a reduction in membrane loss through shedding and not to a higher rate of membrane addition as compared to animals reared in LD. In contrast, the reduced rate of rod outer segment development in DD embryos is the result of both a slower rate of membrane elaboration accompanied by the early onset and enhanced rate of membrane loss through shedding in darkness.
Technomasculinity and Its Influence in Video Game Production

This chapter focuses on expressions of technomasculinity by video game employees and how this affects production. Technomasculinity associates men with advanced computer proficiency, and it is one part of a structure of hegemonic masculinity. Using in-depth interviews of game workers, the chapter argues that male employees express technomasculinity through stories about family dynamics, education, leisure, and work. Families introduce sons to computers at early ages, and game workers reported being obsessed with video games that made them gamers and seek work in the industry. An overall sexual division of labor also informs boys’ socialization into advanced computer skills needed for game production jobs. Workers negotiate aspects of their identity in relation to a heroic masculinity common in popular culture. This affects the overall working conditions of the industry.
Due Process and Primary Jurisdiction Doctrine: A Threat to Accessibility Research and Practice?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is the most well-documented, well-accepted, set of interface guidelines on the planet, based on empirical research and a participatory process of stakeholder input. A recent case in a U.S. Federal District Court, Robles v. Dominos Pizza LLC, involved a blind individual requesting that Dominos Pizza make their web site and mobile app accessible for people with disabilities, utilizing the WCAG. The court ruled that, due to the legal concepts of due process and primary jurisdiction doctrine, the plaintiff loses the case simply for asking for the WCAG. This court ruling minimizes the importance of evidence-based accessibility research and guidelines, and this poster will provide a background of the case, describe preliminary analysis of related cases, and discuss implications for accessibility researchers.
Tumors derived from clonal C57Bl/6 PyMT mammary tumor cell lines recapitulate microvascular densities characteristic of spontaneous tumors

459 Dissection of the contribution of epithelium and stroma to the development of tumor vasculature has proven challenging due to the number of different cell types involved in various tissues. By the time a tumor becomes established, so many interactions have taken place between the tumor cell and microenvironment that the relative importance of epithelial versus stromal signals becomes blurred. Effects of inflammatory stimuli on epithelial cells or stroma may also be important modulating factors. To determine the degree of autonomy mammary epithelial cells (MECs) have to influence tumor microvascular density (MVD) we have developed stable cell lines from wild type (Wt), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficient and p53 deficient polyomavirus middle T (PyMT) mammary tumors congenic in the C57Bl/6 background. These clonal MECs have characteristic growth rates and karyotypes. When injected into the cleared mammary fat pad of weanling mice, PyMT/Wt MECs produced highly vascular hyperplastic outgrowths indistinguishable from spontaneous hyperplasias that we have previously shown have a higher MVD than solid mammary tumors as assessed by quantitation of CD31 staining. Both PyMT/iNOS-/- and PyMT/p53-/- MECs produced solid tumors and the growth rates of all MECs correlated positively with their in vitro growth rates. PyMT/Wt and PyMT/p53-/- tumors were heavily infiltrated with tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), however, PyMT/iNOS-/- tumors showed a dramatic reduction in TAM recruitment, suggesting that iNOS production by mammary tumor cells is important in this process. The reduction in TAMs had no apparent affect on MVD in these tumors. When injected via the tail vein into wild type C57Bl/6 female recipients independent MEC lines developed similar numbers of lung metastases, suggesting that a similar proportion of cells within each line had the capacity to initiate a tumor. The tumors within each line were uniform in size and exhibited characteristic microvascular densities. The results showed that all MEC lines produced multiple well-differentiated mammary tumors of uniform size in the lungs or fat pad. Each MEC line was associated with a particular tumor growth rate that was reproducible between animals and experiments. Furthermore the MVD of tumors was clearly influenced by the MEC line. The same cells injected into different hosts had similar tumor MVDs and MVDs varied with cell line and stage of tumor development. These studies demonstrate that mammary epithelial cells can instruct the host stroma to develop a vascular network to support tumor growth. iNOS production by MECs is important for TAM recruitment, but the effect of TAMs on MVD in this model remains to be elucidated. Thus, these cell lines provide useful tools for the analysis of epithelial stromal interactions in mammary tumorigenesis.
Identification of Risk Factors for Injury in Women's Collegiate Gymnastics With the Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool

Background The Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool (GFMT) is a series of 10 sport-specific tests that evaluates the physical fitness of female gymnasts. The standardized scoring system has been validated in a wide range of competitive levels. To date, there is no screening tool to identify risk factors for injury in female gymnasts. Objective To determine if the total score on the GFMT or the individual test components can identify female collegiate gymnasts who are at risk of developing an injury. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Collegiate gymnastics training and competition facilities. Participants One hundred female gymnasts from seven National Collegiate Athletic Association, Division I teams. Interventions Gymnasts were tested with the GFMT (vertical jump, hanging leg lifts, agility sprint, 20-meter sprint, pull-ups, push-ups, rope climb, handstand hold, lower extremity flexibility, and shoulder flexibility). Each team's certified athletic trainer recorded injuries over the course of one season. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between each individual test and the development of upper extremity, lower extremity, or trunk injuries. Main outcome measurements Gymnastics-related injuries. Results A total of 160 injuries from 100 gymnasts were included in the analysis. No tests were significantly associated with developing of upper or lower extremity injuries. A higher score on the vertical jump test was associated with fewer trunk injuries (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.91; P = .01). This relationship existed even after adjusting for gymnast characteristics in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions A one-unit increase in vertical jump score was associated with a 30% decrease in trunk injuries in collegiate-level female gymnasts. Future research to identify risk factors for gymnastics-related injury and methods for prevention are needed. Level of evidence II.
Mitigation of bidirectional solute flux in forward osmosis via membrane surface coating of zwitterion functionalized carbon nanotubes.

Abstract Forward osmosis (FO) has emerged as a promising membrane technology to yield high-quality reusable water from various water sources. A key challenge to be solved is the bidirectional solute flux (BSF), including reverse solute flux (RSF) and forward solute flux (FSF). Herein, zwitterion functionalized carbon nanotubes (Z-CNTs) have been coated onto a commercial thin film composite (TFC) membrane, resulting in BSF mitigation via both electrostatic repulsion forces induced by zwitterionic functional groups and steric interactions with CNTs. At a coating density of 0.97 g m −2 , a significantly reduced specific RSF was observed for multiple draw solutes, including NaCl (55.5% reduction), NH 4 H 2 PO 4 (83.8%), (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (74.5%), NH 4 Cl (70.8%), and NH 4 HCO 3 (61.9%). When a synthetic wastewater was applied as the feed to investigate membrane rejection, FSF was notably reduced by using the coated membrane with fewer pollutants leaked to the draw solution, including NH 4 + -N (46.3% reduction), NO 2 − -N (37.0%), NO 3 − -N (30.3%), K + (56.1%), PO 4 3− -P (100%), and Mg 2+ (100%). When fed with real wastewater, a consistent water flux was achieved during semi-continuous operation with enhanced fouling resistance. This study is among the earliest efforts to address BSF control via membrane modification, and the results will encourage further exploration of effective strategies to reduce BSF.
Postnatal Cardiac Development and Regenerative Potential in Large Mammals

The neonatal capacity for cardiac regeneration in mice is well studied and has been used to develop many potential strategies for adult cardiac regenerative repair following injury. However, translating these findings from rodents to designing regenerative therapeutics for adult human heart disease remains elusive. Large mammals including pigs, dogs, and sheep are widely used as animal models of humans in preclinical trials of new cardiac drugs and devices. However, very little is known about the fundamental cardiac cell biology and the timing of postnatal cardiac events that influence cardiomyocyte proliferation in these animals. There is emerging evidence that external physiological and environmental cues could be the key to understanding cardiomyocyte proliferative behavior. In this review, we survey available literature on postnatal development in various large mammal models to offer a perspective on the physiological and cellular characteristics that could be regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Similarities and differences between developmental milestones, cardiomyocyte maturational events, as well as environmental cues regulating cardiac development, are discussed for various large mammals, with a focus on postnatal cardiac regenerative potential and translatability to the human heart.
Diurnal chemistry of two contrasting stream types, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valley Region, Antarctica

Numerous ephemeral streams flow within the McMurdo Dry Valley Region of Antarctica that transport glacial meltwater to perennially ice-covered, closed-basin lakes during the austral summer. The diurnal behavior for two Taylor Valley streams of different character was examined during the summer of 2010-11. Andersen Creek is a short, 1st-order proglacial stream, whereas Von Guerard Stream is a long, high-order stream with an extensive hyporheic zone that has a substantial cyanobacterial algal mat community in its middle reaches. Both streams display strong daily cycles for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Conductivity varies in concert with flow, with solute dilution occurring during the daily high-flow pulse. Dissolved oxygen co-varies strongly with pH at Andersen Creek but not for Von Guerard Stream. Each stream has a distinct geochemical character that for Andersen Creek is a direct reflection of its glacial source, unmodified by secondary effects, whereas that for Von Guerard Stream is modulated by its resident algal mat community and through extensive hyporheic zone interaction and exchange.
Mitochondrial capacity using NIRS and incomplete recovery curves: Proximal and Medial Vastus Lateralis muscle.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity (mVO2max) as the recovery rate constant of muscle metabolism after exercise. The current method requires as many as 50 short ischemic occlusions to generate 2 recovery rate constants. Purpose To determine the effectiveness of using a 6-occlusion protocol (Mito6) versus one with 22 occlusions (Mito22) to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity. Method In two independent data sets (bicep n=7, forearm A n=23), recovery curves were analyzed independently using both the Mito6 and Mito22 analyses. A third data set (Forearm B, n=16) was generated on forearm muscles of healthy subjects using four Mito6 tests performed in succession. Recovery rate constants were generated using a MATLAB routine. Results When calculated from the same data set, the recovery rate constants were not significantly different between the Mito22 and Mito6 analyses for the bicep (1.43+0.33min-1, 1.43+0.35min-1, p=0.81) and the forearm A (1.97+0.40min-1, 1.97+0.43min-1, p=0.90). The correlation between Mito22 and Mito6 recovery rate constants was y=1.07x-0.09, R2=0.90 for the bicep data and 1.00x+0.01, R2=0.85 for the forearm A data. When performing the four Mito6 tests in the Forearm B study; recovery rate constants were not different between tests (1.50±0.51 min-1, 1.42±0.54 min-1, 1.26±0.41 min-1, 1.29±0.47 min-1, P>0.05). Conclusions Muscle mitochondrial capacity was not different between the Mito6 analysis and the longer Mito22 analysis. The Mito6 protocol was considered more practical as it used fewer ischemic occlusion periods, and multiple tests could be performed in succession in less time. There were no order effects for the rate constants of four repeated Mito6 tests of mitochondrial capacity, supporting the use of multiple tests to improve accuracy.
A 65-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Hip Pain

Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that involves the articular (hyaline) cartilage, synovium (joint cavity lining), and subchondral bone along with surrounding ligaments and muscles. This condition is classically understood as the result of mechanical ‘wear and tear’ of the large weight-bearing joints (hips, knees, cervical or lumbar spine) and overuse of other peripheral joints (shoulders, hands) in the elderly (Arthritis [Internet]. Osteoarthritis (OA). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm; Lozada C, Culpepper-Pace S. Osteoarthritis [internet]. Overview. Medscape; 2019. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview; NIAMS Health Information on Osteoarthritis [Internet]. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. Available from: https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoarthritis). Treatment is usually supportive and symptomatic rather than a curative and best out comes are achieved from a multidisciplinary approach with an eye on a preventive strategy. Pain is the dominant symptom and is a major driver of clinical decision-making and health service use, and is best framed within a biopsychosocial model. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that osteoarthritis affects over 30 million adults in the United States (Arthritis [Internet]. Osteoarthritis (OA). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm; Lozada C, Culpepper-Pace S. Osteoarthritis [internet]. Overview. Medscape; 2019. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview), and osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, which is the leading cause of work disability (Arthritis [Internet]. Arthritis-related statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/arthritis-related-stats.htm; Theis et al., Disabil Health J 11(1):108–115, 2018), costing greater than $185 billion annually (Kotlarz et al., Arthritis Rheum 60(12):3546–3553, 2009). This chapter is an overview of the diagnosis, treatment, and multidisciplinary management of osteoarthritis of the hip.
Aging and haptic shape discrimination: the effects of variations in size

Seventy-two older and younger adults haptically discriminated the solid shape of natural objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum). Plastic copies of the original-sized fruits were used as experimental stimuli, as well as copies that were reduced in size to 1/8th and 1/27th of the original object volumes. If haptic object shape is represented in a part-based manner, then haptic shape discrimination performance should be at least partly size invariant, since changes only in scale do not affect an object's constituent parts. On any given trial, participants sequentially explored two bell pepper replicas and were required to judge whether they possessed the same shape or had different shapes. For some participants, the objects to be discriminated possessed the same size, while for others, the two objects had different sizes. It was found that variations in scale did significantly reduce the participants' haptic sensitivities to shape. Nevertheless, the discrimination performance obtained for large variations in size was no lower than that obtained for smaller variations in size. The results also demonstrated that increases in age modestly affect haptic shape discrimination performance: the d' values of the older participants were 15.5% lower than those of the younger participants.
Language Acquisition in Children: The Development of Syntax

Over the past 60 years the study of child language has grown into a comprehensive and rigorous discipline providing insights as to the conditions under which children without physical or mental handicaps acquire their native language in their home settings. This chapter is devoted to the study of children’s early development of sentence structure or syntax as it pertains to the study and design of second-language curricula within the framework of the Comprehension Approach.
Nerve Blocks for the Trigeminal Nerve and Branches

Trigeminal nerve blocks can provide symptomatic relief for patients suffering from trigeminal nerve pain incompletely controlled with medications alone. The nerve has multiple branches, superficial and deep, which can be selectively blocked based on the patient’s pattern of symptoms. These procedures can provide acute pain relief as well as long-term pain relief in specific patients. While there are risks associated with the procedures, they are generally well-tolerated and blockade of the superficial branches can be easily performed in the clinic with anatomic localization. Imaging guidance such as ultrasound can increase accuracy while fluoroscopy is required for blockade of deeper structures like the Gasserian ganglion. This chapter reviews the indications for injections as well as the medications and techniques used to perform the procedures.
Evaluating combinations of bioinsecticides and adjuvants for managing Thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: Thripidae) in onion production systems

Abstract Little is known about the performance of bioinsecticides in combination with adjuvants approved for organic onion production. To address this issue, two studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019: 1) combinations of four bioinsecticides (Isaria fumosorosea Apopka strain 97, azadirachtin + pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and spinosad) and three adjuvants (pinene polymers, potassium salts of fatty acids, and neem oil) in field trials in New York and Wisconsin, and 2) the same four bioinsecticides co-applied with neem oil as an adjuvant in field trials in New York. In both studies, spinosad was the most effective bioinsecticide, providing the largest reductions in thrips densities (26–85%) and feeding damage (56–69%) and the largest increases in total onion yield (10–26%) compared with the untreated control. Co-applications of spinosad with either neem oil or salts of fatty acids more effectively reduced thrips densities compared with co-applications of spinosad and pinene polymers; however, onion yield was similar regardless of the adjuvant used with spinosad. Isaria fumosorosea Apopka strain 97 and the premix of azadirachtin + pyrethrins did not control thrips. Implications of our results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of insecticide and adjuvant combinations for optimizing pest management.
Chemical Kinetics Bayesian Inference Toolbox (CKBIT)

Abstract The robust estimation of chemical kinetic parameters and their associated uncertainty is essential in the field of chemistry and catalysis. The Chemical Kinetics Bayesian Inference Toolbox (CKBIT) is a Python software library introduced to enable users to implement advanced Bayesian inference techniques for kinetic parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification. Leveraging functionalities of other open source Python packages and offering simplified implementation through minimal user-required coding and straightforward Excel input files, CKBIT aspires to make the inference method easily accessible for chemical kinetics. CKBIT provides maximum a posteriori, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and variational inference estimation options. Users may apply these functionalities to estimate activation energies, reaction orders, and pre-exponential terms from chemical reaction data from batch reactors , continuous stirred-tank reactors, and plug flow reactors. The availability of prior distribution specification and the implementation of hierarchical modeling in CKBIT provide a heightened level of accuracy in estimates of kinetic parameters and their uncertainties. Program summary Program title: CKBIT CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/tnzk2jvffs.1 Developer's repository link: https://github.com/VlachosGroup/ckbit Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean.com/capsule/8389927 Licensing provisions: MIT license Programming language: Python Nature of problem: Rigorous estimation and uncertainty quantification of kinetic rate parameters are necessary for chemical researchers to create physical models with explicit levels of certainty. Advanced statistical treatments of Bayesian inference meet this need with a high level of rigor. However, current software available for Bayesian inference is complex and nuanced in its implementation, preventing widespread adoption among researchers. Solution method: We present a Python package with a modular approach to applying different Bayesian inference techniques for kinetic rate parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification. Optimal point estimates can be obtained through maximum a posteriori estimation, while full probability distributions of parameters can be generated through Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation or variational inference. The code is straightforward to use in contrast to current Bayesian inference software, and it interfaces with Excel for ease of data entry.
Mixed and nonvaccine high risk HPV types are associated with higher mortality in Black women with cervical cancer

We studied the incidence of HPV genotypes in mostly Black women with cervical carcinoma and correlated histopathologic tumor characteristics, immune markers and clinical data with survival. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded for 60 months post-diagnosis. Fifty four of the 60 (90%) patients were Black and 36 (60%) were < 55 years of age. Of the 40 patients with typeable HPV genotypes, 10 (25%) had 16/18 HPV genotypes, 30 (75%) had one of the non-16/18 HPV genotypes, and 20 (50%) had one of the 7 genotypes (35, 39, 51, 53, 56, 59 and 68) that are not included in the nonavalent vaccine. Mixed HPV infections (≥ 2 types) were found in 11/40 (27.5%) patients. Patients infected with non-16/18 genotypes, including the most common genotype, HPV 35, had significantly shorter DFS and OS. PD-L1 (p = 0.003), MMR expression (p = 0.01), clinical stage (p = 0.048), histologic grade (p = 0.015) and mixed HPV infection (p = 0.026) were independent predictors of DFS. A remarkably high proportion of cervical cancer cells in our patients expressed PD-L1 which opens the possibility of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat these cancers. Exclusion of the common HPV genotypes from the vaccine exacerbates mortality from cervical cancer in underserved Black patients.