cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Rules for an Intelligent Advisor to Identify Requirements Gaps using Model-Based Requirements

Requirements define the problem boundaries within which an engineering team tries to find acceptable solutions. Gaps in requirements formulation can lead to solutions that are not fitfor-purpose. However, the completeness of a set of requirements cannot be demonstrated; rather, completeness is an attempt, a best-effort pursuit. In current practice, where requirement gaps are frequent in system development, the human (engineer or team of engineers) becomes a major factor in the comprehensiveness of the resulting set of requirements. In this paper, we present a concept of an intelligent systems engineering (SE) advisor that supports the (human) engineer in identifying gaps as requirements are formulated, the set of structural rules that the intelligent SE advisor uses to perform the assessment, and a proof-of-concept implemented as a plugin for a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) software environment. The proposed intelligent SE advisor evaluates requirements that are formulated in the form of models leveraging a knowledge repository to read the model-based requirements. If potential gaps in the set of requirements are identified, these are presented to the engineer, who decides how to address the gaps. In this way, the intelligent SE advisor contributes to assessing requirements validation, beyond simply verifying model construction.
Biodegradation of trichloroethylene by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b.

The methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, a type II methanotroph, degraded trichloroethylene at rates exceeding 1.2 mmol/h per g (dry weight) following the appearance of soluble methane monooxygenase in continuous and batch cultures. Cells capable oxidizing trichloroethylene contained components of soluble methane monooxygenase as demonstrated by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with antibodies prepared against the purified enzyme. Growth of cultures in a medium containing 0.25 microM or less copper sulfate caused derepression of the synthesis of soluble methane monooxygenase. In these cultures, the specific rates of methane and methanol oxidation did not change during growth, while trichloroethylene oxidation increased with the appearance of soluble methane monooxygenase. M. trichosporium OB3b cells that contained soluble methane monooxygenase also degraded vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Images
Target rendezvous with a space robot using relative position and attitude measurements

This paper examines the problem of on-orbit rendezvous of a space robot with a target object. Due to uncertainty in Earth-based position measurements of both the target and the space robot, and the potential for no absolute attitude measurements of the target object, relative position and attitude measurements of the target are made on-board the space robot. It is shown that model-based control laws for space robots can be designed to carryout rendezvous maneuvers with these relative measurements due the invariance of the space robot's dynamics to a particular location of the inertial frame. It is also shown that by approximating a coordinate frame on the target as an inertial frame, the gravitational forces and torques on the space robot become negligible. The principles described in this paper are implemented on a simulated space robot to perform an on-orbit rendezvous with a target satellite.
Reversible Dissociation of Tetrameric Rabbit Muscle Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase into Dimers or Monomers by Adenosine Triphosphate

Abstract Tetrameric 7.5 S rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is dissociated by ATP at 0° into 4.5 S dimers or 2.8 S monomers, depending upon the protein concentration. Dissociation into two peaks is observed at protein concentrations as high as 10 mg per ml, and a 4.5 S dimer is produced in increasing quantity from the 7.5 S tetramer as the protein concentration is lowered from 10 to 2 mg per ml. At 1 mg per ml, a single 4.2 S dimer peak is observed, and at 0.1 mg per ml, a single 2.8 S monomer peak is observed. Between 1.0 and 0.1 mg per ml, only single peaks with sedimentation coefficients intermediate to those of the dimer and monomer are observed, suggesting a fairly rapidly equilibrating mixture of 2.8 S monomers and 4.5 S dimers in varying amounts. The observed inactivation is only slight at temperatures down to 12°, but the equilibrium is shifted fairly strongly toward inactive subpolymers at 7° and apparently is shifted completely to inactive monomers at 0° at 0.05 mg per ml of enzyme. The dissociation has practically no pH dependence in the range of 6.5 to 9.5, but it is somewhat greater and faster at pH 5.5 than at all others studied. Inactivation and dissociation are reversed by rewarming the enzyme to 23° and removing the ATP. Ammonium sulfate, 1 m, or 2 mm NAD protects against inactivation and dissociation. Dissociation is faster with ATP than with other adenine nucleotides and much faster and more pronounced with ATP than with GTP, UTP, CTP, FAD, and CoA.
Demand Interprocedural Program Analysis Using Logic Databases

This paper describes how algorithms for demand versions of interprocedural program-analysis problems can be obtained from their exhaustive counterparts essentially for free, by applying the so-called magic-sets transformation that was developed in the logic-programming and deductive-database communities. Applications to interprocedural dataflow analysis and interprocedural program slicing are described.1
Corporate Capital and Labor Stuffing in the New Tax Rate Environment

Federal tax legislation enacted on January 2, 2013 to resolve the “fiscal cliff” policy controversy has reintroduced substantially higher maximum individual income tax rates on ordinary income, but has retained the 2003-2012 innovation of taxing dividend income at the same relatively low rate as long-term capital gains. At the same time, corporate tax reform is likely to lead to a substantially lower statutory corporate tax rate than current law’s 35 percent. The combination of these three factors will in the near future usher in the return, for the first time in a generation, of the taxable corporation as a personal tax shelter for owners of closely-held businesses.This paper assumes that corporate headline rates in fact are lowered, and analyzes an individual’s incentives in that new tax rate environment to retain corporate earnings not strictly needed to support business operations (or to inject new investment capital into the corporation), rather than to extract that capital and earn the same income through direct investment (“capital stuffing”), and to understate the labor income of corporate owner-managers, so as to treat a disproportionate amount of their income as capital income, in the form of corporate retained earnings (“labor stuffing”). To aid in that analysis, the paper offers a new mode of conceptualizing the time value of deferring a tax liability. Finally, the paper analyzes current law’s tools to combat capital and labor income stuffing, and finds them wholly inadequate to the task.
Existence of hole pockets in the two-dimensional Hubbard model.

The electronic momentum distribution n(k) of the two-dimensional (2D) Hubbard model is studied for different values of the coupling U/t, electronic density 〈n〉, and temperature, using quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A detailed analysis of the data on 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 clusters shows that along the line from (0,\ensuremath{\pi}) to (\ensuremath{\pi},0) a minimum in n(k) at momenta k=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2) appears as the system is doped away from half-filling. In the range of couplings studied, the depth of this minimum is the largest at density 〈n〉\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.9, and it increases with decreasing temperature. Its existence is correlated with the strength of the antiferromagnetic correlations in the system. The apparent absence of structure at k=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2) in previous numerical studies of this model is explained. The results discussed here, together with the recent experimental data for the cuprates discussed by Aebi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2757 (1994)], reopens the possibility that hole pockets exist in the doped 2D Hubbard model, although more evidence is needed to fully demonstrate their existence.
Deforestation, foreign demand and export dynamics in Indonesia

Abstract This paper presents a dynamic, heterogeneous firm model of investment in environmental abatement and exporting. The model highlights the interaction between firms' environmental investment and export decisions on the evolution of productivity and export demand in timber manufacturing industries. The model is structurally estimated using Indonesian timber manufacturing data that captures firm-level variation in environmental investment and export behavior. The results suggest that environmental abatement has little impact on productivity dynamics, but does encourage growth in export demand. Counterfactual experiments quantify the impact of policy change on trade and abatement decisions.
A comparison of intramuscular benzathine penicillin and oral sulfonamide in the control of rheumatic recurrences.

Summary 1. One thousand, one hundred three intramuscular injections of 1,200,000 units of benzathine penicillin to fortysix patients with recent rheumatic fever were given for an average of twenty-four months without a single recurrence. Two patients with old failure and enlarged hearts continue to smoulder but are still living. 2. A similar group of forty-six patients on sulfonamides showed a recurrence rate of 4.3 per cent in an average period of 38.6 months. One child in this group died from what we believe to have been an intercurrent infection and three others had vague aches but no clear-cut recurrences. 3. When added to the previous studies, the evidence is increasingly strong for large-scale use of benzathine penicillin G intramuscularly for prevention of rheumatic recurrences.
Reproductive ecology of the brooding, hermaphroditic clam Lasaea subviridis

The reproductive ecology of a small intertidal clam was studied for two years (September 1980-November 1982) at two mid-intertidal sites on the northern shore of Monterey Bay, California. Lasaea subviridis is hermaphroditic and incubatory; the young are released as juveniles. Brooding adults are found throughout the year. All embryos in a clam are at the same stage of development, but the number and stage of embryos varies among clams at any one time. Individuals are iteroparous and produce small numbers of oocytes and sperms simultaneously. All stages of gonad development are found in different individuals at any one time. There was no evidence of seasonality. Young reared in the laboratory after being dissected from the parent reached brooding size (shell length of 1.7 mm) within 6 mo. Laboratory experiments indicated that juveniles crawl away soon after release from the parent. These reproductive characteristics may contribute to this taxon's ability to colonize new environments rapidly.
An idea in good currency and how it grew: The informal sector

Abstract The “informal sector” is an exceedingly fuzzy concept which has come into wide use because it seemed to address the interests of a number of very diverse groups: those interested in growth planning, those interested in alleviating poverty, Marxist structuralists, and those interested in economic accounting. The use of the concept has been helpful in directing attention to phenomena previously ignored. But adopting the term obscures analysis of central issues and is counterproductive. We should, rather, specify critical policy issues and design field research around these.
Expression profile analysis within the human hippocampus: comparison of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons.

The hippocampus contains several distinct cell types that are interconnected by a well-characterized series of synaptic circuits. To evaluate molecular and cellular signatures of individual cell types within the normal adult human hippocampal formation, expression profile analysis was performed on individual CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons using a novel single cell RNA amplification methodology coupled with custom-designed cDNA array analysis. Populations of CA1 and CA3 neurons were also compared with regional dissections of the hippocampus from the same tissue sections. Molecular fingerprint comparison of cresyl violet–stained CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons microaspirated from the hippocampus of normal control subjects indicated significant differences in relative expression levels for approximately 16% (20 of 125) genes evaluated on the custom-designed cDNA array platform. Significant differences were observed for several transcripts relevant to the structure and function of hippocampal neurons, including specific glutamate receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors, cytoskeletal elements, dopamine receptors, and immediate-early genes. Compared with the regional assessment of gene expression, both CA1 and CA3 neurons displayed a relative enrichment of classes of transcripts that included glutamate receptors, transporters, and interacting proteins, GABA receptors and transporters, synaptic-related markers, and catecholamine receptors and transporters. In contrast, the regional hippocampal dissection had an increased level of gene expression for cytoskeletal elements as well as glial-associated markers. Expression profile analysis illustrates the importance of evaluating individual cellular populations within a functional circuit and may help define elements that confer unique properties to individual populations of hippocampal neurons under normal and diseased conditions. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:107–118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Advantages and limitations of density functional theory in block copolymer directed self-assembly

A major challenge in the application of block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) to advanced lithography is the exploration of large design spaces, including the selection of confinement shape and size, surface chemistry to affect wetting conditions, copolymer chain length and block fraction. To sweep such large spaces, a computational model is ideally both fast and accurate. In this study, we investigate various incarnations of the density functional theory (DFT) approach and evaluate their suitability to DSA applications. We introduce a new optimization scheme to capitalize on the speed advantages of DFT, while minimizing loss of accuracy relative to the benchmark of self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Although current DFT models afford a 100-fold reduction in computational complexity over SCFT, even the best optimized models fail to match SCFT density profiles and make extremely poor predictions of commensurability windows and defect energetics. These limitations suggest that SCFT will remain the gold standard for DSA simulations in the near future.
Binding of holes in one-dimensional Hubbard chains.

Using the Bethe ansatz, we calculate the binding energies of two holes just off half-filling in one-dimensional Hubbard chains. Somewhat surprisingly, we find binding comparable to that seen in two-dimensional systems in chains that have a degeneracy at the Fermi level in the noninteracting (U=0) limit. The binding initially IincreasesR with lattice size before beginning a slow decay to zero in the thermodynamic limit. We discuss the general implications of our results for binding energy and other numerical calculations of high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ models.
Optical design of rapid infrared-visible multi-object spectrometer: a NGST demonstration instrument

A wide field (6x6 arcmin2) Rapid Infrared-Visible Multi-Object Spectrometer (RIVMOS) has been designed and is being fabricated at NASA's GSFC as part of the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) development and new technology demonstration. The primary goal is to demonstrate that the microshutter arrays, currently being designed for the NGST Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) as programmable 2D selection masks, can achieve the optical performance required for faint object imaging and spectroscopy. We developed an original optical design that includes both reflective and refractive optics. The primary goal of the design was to achieve high imaging quality in both imaging and spectroscopy modes over a very wide spectral range with all spherical surfaces. The required optical performance is achieved for both multi-object spectroscopy and camera imaging over the entire field-of-view. The optical design consists of six optical subsystems including (1) an image relay consisting of a three-mirror anastigmat (TMA), (2) the microshutter assembly, (3) a triplet collimating optic, (4) a grism/filter assembly, (5) a pupil imaging optic, and (6) a five element telecentric camera design. The all-spherical optical design reduces construction costs and facilitates fabrication of the optical assembly while maintaining an encircled energy of 2 pixels within the FOV for wavelengths between 0.6 and 5.0 microns. Three spectral resolution modes (R = 50, 2000, 4000) will be available for multi-object spectroscopy as well as cross-dispersed echelle spectroscopy at the highest spectral resolution. The low resolution mode will be provided by the direct view prism, whereas silicon grisms will be used for higher resolving power. This design provides an extremely wide spectral range, wide field, very compact, high resolution imager-spectrometer with multi-object capability.
Pizza Parties, Pep Rallies, and Practice Tests: Strategies Used by High School Principals to Raise Percent Proficient

This study explores ways high school principals are responding to the demands of education reform to raise student test scores on achievement tests used for accountability purposes. Anecdotal evidence suggests administrators have instituted pizza parties and pep rallies to motivate students to do their best and practice tests to prepare students academically. We interviewed principals to find out how they are both motivating and preparing their students for high-stakes tests. The goal of this research is to investigate how widespread these and other activities are and to see if the principals believe these strategies are indeed raising scores.
Morphological pseudoconvolutions: one-parameter families of derived filters with increased invariant classes

The present paper introduces a digital gray-scale morphological filtering technique that is based on postfiltering a given filter so the invariant class of the new filter is larger than the invariant class of the original filter. More specifically, the invariant class of the new filter contains the original invariant class together with all signals whose variation is below a chosen threshold. The postfiltering includes a single erosion and a single dilation by a one-parameter structuring element, the choice of parameter determining the resulting invariant class. While the methodology is quite general, the two applications considered pertain to moving averages with nonnegative weights and moving medians, both of which are morphological filters. Both suppress noise in a signal and each possesses specific advantages and disadvantages. In brief, means tend to give better noise suppression while blurring edges, whereas medians preserve edges, while at the same time flattening small background variation in the underlying signal. The new one-parameter family of filters derived from moving averages are called pseudomeans. The filters derived from medians are called pseudomedians. Both preserve uncorrupted low background variation, as well as steps. Because they preserve small variation while at the same time behaving like the original filters, both filters are especially effective when the noise occurs in bursts, rather than uniformly across the signal.
Pious Muslim Bodies and Alternative Medicine

“Pious Muslim Bodies and Alternative Medicine” explores the emergence of what might be conceptualized as a Muslim gendered diaspora and how it intersects with the African diaspora. Literature on the development of a Muslim public sphere tends to focus on written texts and how those texts are interpreted by Muslim groups within the ummah, or world community. This article explores not only the exegetical borrowings but also the continuities and discontinuities between these two diasporas as articulated in the bodily practices of African American Muslim women. Examining discourses about the body, this article locates different diasporic linkages in consumption and health practices. Of theoretical interest is whether these bodily practices and alternative health care discourses are tied to African American social history (race), conversion (change in dispositions), Islam (exegesis), or the American cultural ethic of individualism. With dramatic increases in women's literacy and media access within the Muslim ummah, Muslim women are beginning to participate in an international dialogue about ethical conduct. Although the religious discourses are often mimetic, the regional inflections of religious practices are often the product of other genealogies. The continuities and discontinuities represented in the health practices of African American Muslim women demonstrate that although diaspora is not tied to any place or essential religious authority, it is materially locatable in modes of practice and relations of power.
SDF-1 Recruits Cardiac Stem Cell-Like Cells that Depolarize In Vivo:

Prolongation or reestablishment of stem cell homing through the expression of SDF-1 in the myocardium has been shown to lead to homing of endothelial progenitor cells to the infarct zone with a sub...
Differential effects of calcium channel blocking agents on oxygen consumption rate in vascular smooth muscle

One of the major mechanisms of action of the drugs called calcium channel blocking agents in vascular smooth muscle is the inhibition of the influx of calcium ion across the sarcolemmal membrane during cellular activation. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that these agents may have other effects on cellular calcium homeostasis. In this study, the effects were investigated of three calcium channel blocking agents, diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil, on oxygen consumption rate in isolated, untethered rings of rabbit aortic smooth muscle at equal concentrations (10 −6 M ). Our results showed that diltiazem stimulated oxygen consumption rate by approximately 40 percent, verapamil inhibited the rate by 18 percent and nifedipine had no significant effect on it. Furthermore, the diltiazem stimulatory effect was inhibited by ouabain at concentrations that block the sodium-potassium pump at the cell membrane and by removal of extracellular potassium ion (choline chloride replacement), a maneuver that blocks the sodium-potassium pump by elimination of the potassium substrate. In a further study, diltiazem was found to stimulate the efflux of sodium-22 from equilibrated rings of rabbit aortic smooth muscle. These results support the hypothesis that diltiazem stimulates the sodium-potassium pump in rabbit aortic smooth muscle. This agent may have similar effects on other energy-dependent ion pumps. The data also show that at equal concentrations, diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil have different effects on oxygen consumption rate in rabbit aorta. If the present findings with diltiazem relate to its vasodilator effects, this agent may augment its cellular calcium-lowering effect in vascular smooth muscle by enhancing cellular calcium efflux with sodium-calcium interactions, and by energy-dependent intracellular calcium sequestration or energy-dependent calcium efflux, or both.
Lead-Free, Fluxless Solder Joints to Synthetic Diamond

With the recent trends towards smaller heat sources and higher heat fluxes, conduction spreading resistance can become a bottleneck to efficient heat dissipation from temperature-sensitive components such as advanced microelectronics and high power light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the use of a high thermal conductivity heat spreader such as a synthetic chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond results in an additional interface between two materials. The near elimination of thermal interface resistance at material boundaries is critical for this application to be viable from a thermal standpoint. A lead-free, fluxless soldering process for joining metal substrates to a CVD diamond heat spreader was sought in this study to achieve the low thermal interface resistance and Restruction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) compliancy desired for this application. A typical titanium-platinum-gold metallization was applied to the surfaces of the diamond to enable it to bond with metal solders. Both indium solder and a popular tin-silver-copper solder (SAC305) were examined in this work. The indium was cold-welded to the substrates under pressure. The SAC305 solder was reflowed in a nitrogen furnace with variable pressure at the joint. The resulting solder thicknesses and joint quality were assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lastly, a prototype of high-heat flux source with a CVD diamond spreader and forced convection with air was built to illustrate the thermal advantages of properly incorporating a diamond spreader with a fluxless solder bond.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Initiation of Self-Propagating Combustion Waves in Dense Mo + 2Si Reactants through Field-Activation

Because of kinetic limitations, self-sustaining combustion synthesis reactions cannot be initiated in dense powder compacts. In compacts of Mo + 2Si, self-propagating waves can be initiated in samples with less than 78% relative density. At this and higher densities, no waves could be initiated without field-activation. In the presence of an electric field (at values of 7 and 13 V·cm-1), reactant compacts with densities up to 95% could sustain a combustion wave to produce MoSi2. In the absence of a field (for lower-density samples) the wave propagated in a non-steady-state (pulsating) mode, while under the influence of a field the wave propagated in a steady-state mode. The dependences of wave velocity and combustion temperature on the relative density of the reactants were qualitatively similar, showing maxima at a relative density of about 65%. These observations are explained in terms of the contribution of a liquid phase in the MoSi2-Mo5Si3 binary to the synthesis kinetics. Although not detected by X-ray diffraction analysis, small amounts of Mo5Si3 were discerned at the grain boundaries of the MoSi2 product. The particle size of the silicide synthesized from 95% dense reactants was significantly smaller than those synthesized from reactants with lower densities, but the reason for this observation is not well understood at this time.
Developing a Secondary School Evaluation Program

Evaluation continues to be a common concern at the secondary school level. Administrators and teachers are interested in the skill and ability levels of their students. In the following article, Iwanicki takes a careful look at the evaluation process.
Call for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Papers

The Journal of Bridge Engineering is pleased to announce a call for papers for an upcoming special edition focusing on fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge structures and components. The objective of the special edition is to bring together a collection of papers reflecting the state of the art in the use of FRP materials for bridge structures and components. A nonexhaustive list of topics solicited in this call for papers includes • FRP bridge decks; • FRP superstructure elements (girders, stringers, diaphragms, etc.); • Hybrid and composite systems with FRP (composite FRP decks with steel or concrete girders, composite FRP/steel box girder systems, etc.); • FRP elements for long span bridges (cables, hangers, etc.); • Nonstructural FRP elements (crash barriers, lamp and sign standards, etc.); • Innovative FRP systems (e.g., use of FRP to eliminate fatiguecritical details, etc.); and • FRP for bridge erection.
Measuring Argumentative Reasoning: What's behind the Numbers?.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop a more thorough, empirically-based understanding of the differences in measurement of written argumentation when alternative scoring frameworks are employed. Reflective compositions of 127 elementary school children were analyzed using analytic and holistic scales. The scales were derived from Argument Schema Theory, an explicit model of argumentation development. We investigated the relationships among the different scales, as well as their relative reliability and efficiency. The scores derived using analytic and holistic methods have adequate reliability. Although less efficient, analytic scoring allows for gathering more sensitive and detailed information about the differences in student performance. The results suggest that the choice of an analytic framework for measuring argumentation should not be arbitrary, as each scoring method taps into distinct facets of the construct.
Using color profiles for street detection in low-altitude UAV video

This paper describes a vision-based street detection algorithm to be used by small autonomous aircraft in low-altitude urban surveillance. The algorithm uses Bayesian analysis to differentiate between street and background pixels. The color profile of edges on the detected street is used to represent objects with respect to their surroundings. These color profiles are used to improve street detection over time. Pixels that do not likely originate from the "true" street are excluded from the recurring Bayesian estimation in the video. Results are presented comparing to a previously published Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) road detection algorithm. Robust performance is demonstrated with urban surveillance scenes including UAV surveillance, police chases from helicopters, and traffic monitoring. The proposed method is shown to be robust to data uncertainty and has low sensitivity to the training dataset. Performance is computed using a challenging multi-site dataset that includes compression artifacts, poor resolution, and large variation of scene complexity.
Physiological and nonverbal correlates of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism during active and passive coping

Abstract Correlations of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism with state anxiety, physiological arousal, and facial expressivity were assessed in 45 adolescents during a passive task (venipuncture) and an active coping task (speech). Task was a major determiner of the relationship between these variables. During venipuncture heart-rate increase was positively correlated with state anxiety, neuroticism, and anxiety expression and negatively correlated with extraversion. However, during the speech, HR change was negatively correlated with state anxiety and nonverbal indices of anxiety, but was positively correlated with extraversion and positive nonverbal expression. Skin conductance change findings were weaker but, when occurring, were in the same direction as the HR findings. Extraversion was highly associated with all nonverbal expressivity measures: inversely correlating with venipuncture and speech anxiety expression and positively correlating with venipuncture and speech positive expression. Neuroticism was positively correlated with nonverbal expression of anxiety during venipuncture but not speech. Psychoticism correlated positively with nonverbal positive expression during both venipuncture and speech.
Physioecology of zooplankton. III. Effects of phytoplankton concentration, temperature, and body size on the metabolic rate of Calanus pacificus

Weight-specific rates of oxygen consumption of actively feeding copepodite stages ofCalanus pacificus Brodsky were measured under various combination of phytoplankton concentration and temperature. The rate decreased logarithmically with a logarithmic increase in dry body weight of copepods, and the relationship between these variables was described using a log-transformed allometric equation. The body-size dependence of the metabolic rate was independent of changes in food concentration and temperature, but the metabolic level increased linearly with a logarithmic increase in temperature and was not significantly affected by changes in food concentration. Respiration rates measured in this study forC. pacificus were about twice as high as rates reported for unfed closely related species of the same genus. An analysis of the metabolic cost of feeding processes suggests that metabolic models derived from feeding models may be of little ecological value at present.
Quantum model of laser excitation of isotopic species adsorbed on a solid surface

A quantum model of laser-excited interacting isotopic adspecies is presented. The bistability governed by a cubic equation of the active-mode-excitation is analyzed in terms of the nonlinear effects of the anharmonicity, where the transition point and critical laser intensity are exactly calculated. The isotopic selectivity governed by the frequency difference and the coupling strength of the active modes are investigated.
Pyrene: vapor pressure, enthalpy of combustion, and chemical thermodynamic properties☆☆☆★

Abstract Determinations were made of the vapor pressure of pyrene (crystal I and liquid) and of its enthalpy of combustion (crystal I). The results, with literature values of entropy, were used for compiling the chemical thermodynamic properties for the vapor state.
The evolution and empirical estimation of ecological-economic production possibilities frontiers

Abstract This paper presents a graphical model of an ecological-economic production possibilities frontier (EEPPF) that explicitly considers the roles of market failure and technological asymmetry in the provision of ecosystem goods and services. An empirical example of a 6-dimensional EEPPF is provided using a watershed in Illinois where three provisioning ecosystem services (corn, soybeans, hay) and three regulating services (flood control, water quality, and carbon retention) are the objectives. When aggregated, provisioning and regulatory services form a linear-to-convex EEPPF, but regulatory services can be increased from 10 to over 90% of optimal with a reduction in provisioning services (crops) from 100 to 78% of optimal. While corn and soybeans are shown to form a trade-off with all other ecosystem services, hay is complementary with flood control, water quality and carbon retention. These three regulating services are complementary with one another, with water quality and carbon correlated at 0.80. These results demonstrate the use of GIS, distributed watershed models such as SWAT, and genetic algorithms as a valuable method to estimate empirical EEPPFs.
Increasing compliance with haircuts in a child with autism

Using a changing-criterion design, we evaluated the effects of providing a preferred edible item and escape from sitting contingent on a child's compliance with sitting during haircuts. Results indicated that the intervention eliminated the child's escape responses and increased his sitting to a duration that permitted regular haircuts by his mother. Follow-up sessions showed that the participant's increased compliance during haircuts continued for over 2 months. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast neutrons in the treatment of salivary gland tumors

Fast neutrons were used in the management of 30 patients with advanced salivary gland tumors. Twenty-two patients are the subject of this analysis. Neutrons were used as the primary mode of management in only seven patients. The remaining patients either had recurrent disease after surgery and/or radiation, or received post-operative treatment with neutrons. After a minimum follow-up of one year, 66% of the patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Control in the treatment volume is as high as 72%, which suggests a significant improvement in the local control of advanced salivary gland tumors. However, longer periods of observation are necessary for more definitive conclusions.
Vibrational entropy of ordered and disordered Ni3Al.

We have measured the difference in vibrational entropy of Ni3Al in two states of chemical order: as a disordered fcc solid solution, and as the equilibrium L12 ordered structure. Data were obtained from three independent methods: low-temperature calorimetry, temperature-dependent x-ray diffractometry, and temperature-dependent extended electron energy loss fine structure spectrometry. We estimate that at high temperatures, the vibrational entropy of chemically disordered Ni3Al is 0.3kB/atom greater than for ordered Ni3Al.
The wave function in Multiple Scattering Theory

The wave function in Multiple Scattering Theory (MST) is a locally exact solution to the Schroedinger equation for any {ell} truncation ({ell}{sub max}), except at the muffin-tin boundaries (or cell boundaries in a full cell calculation) where it and its derivative generally have discontinuities. These discontinuities vanish only in the limit {ell}{sub max} {r arrow} {infinity}. Furthermore, the MST wave function as usually calculated is not correctly normalized which means the density of states calculated from the Green function does not agree with that calculated from the Lloyd formula. Here we obtain an alternative wave function from the usual MST secular equation which is smooth and continuous everywhere and which is correctly normalized.
Comparison of precipitation and land runoff as sources of estuarine nitrogen

Abstract The seasonal and year-to-year variation of bulk precipitation as a source of total N, nitrate and ammonia is reported for a 7-year period at the Rhode River, a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. These values are placed in perspective by comparison with analogous nitrogen loading due to watershed discharges. Although year-to-year variations were important, in an average year about the same amount of readily available nitrogen entered the system via precipitation as entered in land runoff and, during the summer and fall, precipitation was the largest source.
A Demand‐side Perspective on Supply Chain Management

When and how can supply chain management (SCM) be a source of long-term competitive advantage for the firm? We revisit and update arguments recently advanced by Hunt and Davis (2008) in this journal concerning which theoretical perspectives — the resource-based view of strategy or resource-advantage theory — may provide the most useful “lenses” for SCM scholars interested in addressing these critical questions. In this brief article we suggest that SCM research addressing questions of competitive advantage can be enhanced by a more rigorous definition of resources and by a more system-wide view of competition. We also recommend that the nascent demand-side perspective on strategic management can serve to provide new insights and a more complete understanding of SCM's role in competition. While the existing SCM literature offers a few examples of this perspective, in our opinion this remains an unfulfilled opportunity for SCM scholars.
Store attributes influencing relationship marketing: a study of department stores

Purpose – Built on De Wulf et al.'s relationship exchange model, the present study aims to examine store attributes as a signal for the process of customer‐retailer relationship building in the context of department store operation in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of college students at a US university participated in an online self‐administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis identified store attribute factors pertaining to department stores and structural equation modeling tested hypotheses.Findings – Six store attributes relevant to department store environments were found: post‐transaction service, direct mail, interpersonal communication, merchandise, preferential treatment, and store atmosphere. Four store attributes (direct mail, interpersonal communication, merchandise, and preferential treatment) involve perceived relationship investment, while one store attribute dimension (store atmosphere) directly contributes to perceived relationship quality. Perceived relationship inves...
The Isotopic Composition and the Atomic Weight of Chlorine in Meteorites

HARKINS and Stone, in a letter under the above title in NATURE of September 19, state that they have found the atomic weight of meteoritic chlorine identical with that of chlorine as found on earth, within the limits of their experimental error. The question of the constancy of isotopic composition of chlorine has already proved of interest to several investigators, and one may recall the work of Curie in 1921 and of Gleditsch and others in 1922 and 1923, on the chlorine from certain ancient minerals. Their results are now confirmed by Harkins and Stone.
Local-field correction for an interstitial impurity in a crystal

The local-field correction experienced by an interstitial impurity in a crystal with cubic symmetry is derived by use of a rigorous, self-consistent, semimicroscopic description of spontaneous emission in a microcavity. We compute the local-field factor for various positions of the impurity inside the crystal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the local-field factor can be computed from a simple electrostatic model as a rapidly converging lattice sum. We show that the agreement between the predictions of this simple model and the rigorous calculations is remarkable, opening the way to a simple, general theory of a local-field effect for an impurity in a crystal with arbitrary symmetry.
"It helps me see with my heart": how video informs patients' rationale for decisions about future care in advanced dementia.

Abstract Objective To explore how a video of a patient with advanced dementia impacts the rationale for patients’ decisions about future care. Methods Participants were read a verbal description of advanced dementia and asked their preferences for future care—either life-prolonging, limited, or comfort care—and the rationale for that choice. Participants then watched a video of a patient with advanced dementia and again stated their preferred level of care and the rationale. Thematic content analysis was utilized to develop common themes among the rationale of participants in each response category. Results We interviewed 120 participants. The rationale of those who initially chose life-prolonging or limited care (47/120) emphasized lengthening life and cited an inherent good of medical treatment. Those who initially chose comfort care (60/120) focused on avoiding suffering and quality of life. Post-video, 107/120 participants chose comfort care and the rationale focused on the experience of the patient and family rather than treatment-centered considerations. Participants found great value in the video images. Conclusions While pre-video reasoning reflects general beliefs about extending life and the inherent good of treatment, the post-video reasoning reveals more focus on the experience of the actual patient and family. Practice implications Video may serve an important role in advanced care planning by enriching the understanding of the condition and allowing one to imagine a future health state.
Bandwidth-induced errors in parameters used for automated activation time determination during computerized intraoperative cardiac mapping: theoretical limits.

Two parameters commonly used when determining the time of local activation during computerized Intraoperative cardinc mapping are the time of the peak in bipolar electrograms (BP) and the time of the largest negative slope (LNS) in monopoiar electrograms (MP). The dependence of these parameters upon bandwidth was studied. A database of fast MP and BP was compiled from intraoperative recordings collected from epicardial sock arrays in man. Based on 95%, 99% and 99.9% of total signal power, the faandwidths of each response were determined. After removing specified frequencies using the Fourier transform, errors in determining these parameters were computed and characterized with respect to mean square error (MSE), percent power bandwidth and frequency content. The Fourier transform was used for abruptly filter out undesired upper frequencies. Filtering BP at 200 Hz produced a 1-ms shift in the peak in 17.0% of the electrograms, 0.4% of the peaks shifted by 2 ms and none shifted by more than 2 ms. Comparable shifts in the LNS occurred when filtering MP at 400 Hz. Retention of 95% of the power in a BP rarely (0.9%) changed the time of its peak by more than 1 ms. For MP, retention of 99.9% of the power was required for similar performance (3.6%). Thus, although BP have greater signal power in the higher frequencies than MP, a greater bandwidth is required when recording monopolarly in order to preserve the small amount of power necessary to define the time of the LNS with accuracy comparable to determination of the peak in BP.
Bone marrow transplant retinopathy.

Five of eight patients (62%) who survived at least six months after autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia developed occlusive microvascular retinopathy. Tre table retinal microangiopathy included a high incidence (80%) of clinically significant macular edema and one case of proliferative retinopathy with subhyaloid hemorrhage. The bone marrow transplant protocol required high-dose cytarabine hydrochloride and 1,200 cGy of total body irradiation. The development of radiation retinopathy after such low doses of teletherapy suggests that high-dose chemotherapy may increase the susceptibility for the development of retinopathy at otherwise safe radiation doses.
Effects of reading span and textual coherence on rapid-sequential reading.

Subjects’ Comprehension and Memory of Conventional Presentations (Pages) And Rapid, Serial Visual Presentations (Rsvps) Of Text Were Investigated With A Statement-Recognition Test. Texts Were Presented With Sentences in An Intact Or A Scrambled Order At Rates Of 300 And 600 Words Per Minute (Wpm). Subjects’ Memory for Text Meaning And Surface Structure Was Better In 300-Than In 600-Wpm Conditions, And Subjects Retained More Textual Meaning From Coherent than Incoherent Texts Regardless of Display Rates. These Findings Are Inconsistent With the Idea That Rapid Reading Disrupts the Intersentence Integration Processes of Comprehension, but are Consistent With The Hypothesis of Consolidation Limitation: Furthermore, Subjects Were Separated Into Two Groups Based on Their Performance on the Reading Span Test of Daneman And Carpenter (1980). Low-Span Subjects Retained Significantly Less Text Meaning than High-Span Subjects with Pages, But They Did Almost As Well With RSVPs. This Interaction Suggests that the RSVP Technique Could Be Useful For Improving the Reading Abilities of Less Efficient Readers.
Thicknesses of lunar mare flow fronts

Lunar near-terminator and high-resolution panoramic camera photographs were searched for flow fronts, the edges of flow units in mare areas. Data for twenty areas, including fifteen previously unmeasured areas, are summarized. Height measurements of flow scarps present on the Moon range from 1 to 96 m. More than half (57%) of all flow fronts measured are less than 15 m thick. These observations agree well with other photogeological and experimental observations of flow unit thicknesses on the Moon.
Na+,K+-ATPase: half-of-the-subunits cross-linking reactivity suggests an oligomeric structure containing a minimum of four catalytic subunits.

Abstract When Na + ,K + -ATPase was reacted with Cu 2+ and o-phenanthroline under conditions where the formation of a cross-linked dimer of the catalytic subunit (α,α-dimer) is dependent on the prior phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP, it was found that (a) only half of the α-subunit content is phosphorylated, and only half is cross-linked; and (b) a phosphorylated α-subunit is cross-linked to an unphosphorylated α-subunit. It is suggested that the functional unit of the membrane-bound enzyme contains at least four α-subunits, and that ligand-induced half-of-the-sites reactivity may be exerted across two different intersubunit domains of the tetramer.