cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors in Intraoral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Influence of Histologic Grade

Purpose The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the outcome of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated at a single institution by primary surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and to identify factors affecting survival and locoregional control. Patients and Methods The records of 233 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated at a single institution from 1993 to 2003 were identified from the Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center’s cancer registry (Portland, OR). All patients undergoing surgical resection as a primary treatment modality were included in the study. Patients with nonresectable disease, distant metastasis, and those with inadequate follow-up data were excluded from the study. Patients with positive surgical margins, high-grade histology, aggressive biologic behavior, or advanced staged disease underwent adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The data collected included age, gender, race, tumor site, margin status, grade, TNM stage, cancer therapies, and cancer status. Data were statistically analyzed in an attempt to identify predictors of locoregional control and disease-free survival. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable and survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results Two hundred fifteen patients consisting of 119 men (55%) and 123 females (52%), with an average age at diagnosis of 66 years (SD ± 14), met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Average tumor size was 23.5 mm (SD ± 14.1). Overall 5-year survival was 56% and disease-free survival at 5 years was 58%. Stage and grade were identified as having a statistically significant effect on survival (P = .014; likelihood ratio chi-square = 10.7, 3 degrees of freedom; and P = .026; likelihood ratio chi-square = 5, 1 degree of freedom, respectively). Neither age, gender, race, tumor site, nor positive margins showed a statistically significant effect on survival (P > .05). Conclusion This study highlights the importance of grade and stage as independent factors in predicting survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Effects of malarial infection on host microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes

Abstract The present experiments are an attempt to correlate previously observed decreases in smooth endoplasmic reticulum during malaria infection with changes in drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Rats were injected with parasitized (P. berghei) red blood cells from donor animals and then sacrificed 1–8 days later. The hepatic microsomal metabolism of ethylmorphine, aniline, p-nitroanisole and hexobarbital showed progressive decreases in rates over the 8-day period. The decreases in metabolism were accompanied by progressive increases in hexobarbital sleeping time. The per cent parasitemia also increased over this period. The presence of a rather severe malarial infection did not prevent the induction of microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital. The reduction in enzyme activity during malarial infection and the increases in activity seen after phenobarbital administration were accompanied by similar alterations in cytochrome P-450 content. Despite the decrease in enzyme activity, microsomal protein content remained essentially unchanged during the first 6 days of the infection. It remains to be determined whether the observed biochemical changes result from a direct action of the parasite or are secondary effects of the infection.
Cognitive meaning and cognitive use

In the first part of this paper the author restates arguments made earlier against well‐known criticisms of a logical nature leveled (by C. Hempel and others) against the so‐called verifiability principle, which purport to show that it is at once both too restrictive and too permissive: including as cognitively meaningful, statements intuitively lacking this property, and excluding others that are generally admitted to possess it. The author claims to show that the charge that the verifiability principle is unduly permissive will not stand, because of certain logico‐semantical blunders made by the critics; and that the charge of being too restrictive can be removed by introducing the notion of guasi‐truth‐conditions. He then moves on to an examination and elaboration of the concept of cognitive use, in terms of which he attempts to turn the flank of the argument purporting to show that the verifiability principle is too restrictive, explaining that even if one does not invoke the concept of quasi‐truth‐co...
La symbolique du regard dans Les Angoysses douloureuses qui procèdent d'Amours d'Hélisenne de Crenne

Le theme du regard joue un role capital dans la litterature du seizieme siecle en France. Particulierement exploite par ceux qui puisent aux traditions petrarquiste et platonicienne, il sert a fixer le moment fatal de «l'innamoramento.» Marot, Sceve, Labe, Jodelle chantent en une diversite de voix la tragique experience du regard. A peu pres a la meme epoque, Helisenne de Crenne ecrit Les Angoysses douloureuses, oeuvre aujourd'hui reconnue comme le premier roman autobiographique, tirant son inspiration de ce motif apparemment fort en vogue. Mais elle le developpe au point d'en faire le theme central de son ouvrage, en analyse subtilement les nuances afin de renouveler un autre topos, le triangle erotique et de traiter, de maniere originale, le theme de la captivite et la dialectique de l'autorite et de la soumission. Ainsi que dans la Jalousie de Robbe-Grillet, le champ de perception constitue l'univers du roman. L'action se borne a des echanges de regards, a l'examen scrupuleux d'un oeil perspicace qui impose au lecteur sa vision. Si le regard traduit chez Helisenne la nature des rapports entre les personnages, il revele plus encore la nature du rapport que la narratrice tente d'etablir avec son public. S'il s'agit d'un document autobiographique, d'une piece de procedure comme l'a frequemment soutenu la critique, la narratrice semble determinee a gagner le regard indulgent d'un public qui aurait severement juge la femme adultere. Toutefois, en se pliant au gout du jour, Helisenne parait vouloir prouver ses talents litteraires et attirer enfin sur elle le regard de reconnaissance.
Isosorbide Dinitrate-Induced Improvement in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction during Exercise in Coronary Arterial Disease

Myocardial ischemia should be associated with an alteration of left ventricular performance. A first-transit radionuclide method (collimated scintillation probe; radioactive 99 mtechnetium) was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in 15 men with coronary arterial disease and in 15 normal men. All normal men had an increased left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise (mean α SE, 0.66 α 0.01 to 0.79 α 0.02; P
Incidental MRI findings of left ventricular myocardial scar in atrial fibrillation patients is associated with increased stroke risk

Background Left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement (LV-LGE) is a known incidental cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) finding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and has recently been associated with increased mortality [1]. While LV-LGE is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with cardiomyopathy, data on the clinical significance of incidental findings of LV-LGE in AF patients is still unavailable. We aimed to evaluate the association of this incidental finding to ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation.
Nonlinear deformation behavior of a beam-based flexural pivot with monolithic arrangement

Manufacturing the cross-spring pivot is not an easy task because of the non-monolithic arrangement. This problem can be resolved by moving the intersection point of the pivot to a remote position. However, the in-plane configuration leads to nonlinear behavior for the monolithic flexural pivot. In this paper, the nonlinear models of stiffness and center shift are developed for parametric insight of the large deformation behavior. The influences of both two drive loads (the horizontal force and bending moment) on the rotational stiffness are characterized, and the load stiffening effect induced by the payload is analyzed. Meanwhile, the nonlinear relationships between center shift and angular displacement are investigated to provide reference for combination of the building blocks. In addition, the effect of loads on the center shift is also evaluated, which is an important consideration in the design of compliant mechanisms. Finally, the nonlinear characteristics, revealed by the analysis model, are validated by finite element analysis (FEA).
Hypothalamic Regulation of Pituitary FSH Secretion

Temporal changes in plasma LH and FSH concentrations were monitored during the afternoon of proestrus in controls and in rats in which the spontaneous LH/FSH surges were blocked with Nembutal. These values were compared with those obtained following electrochemical stimulation (ECS) of either the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or the dorsal anterior hypothalamic area (DAHA) in similar Nembutal-blocked animals. Whereas MPOA-ECS (60 µA/60 sec) elicited a release of both FSH and LH, similar unilateral stimulation of the DAHA resulted in a pronounced increase in plasma FSH and only a slight elevation in plasma LH. Increasing the amount of DAHA tissue stimulated (100 µA/60 sec) caused a significantly greater release of FSH but not LH. Bilateral DAHA-ECS (60 µA/60 sec) failed to produce a greater release of FSH than that observed after unilateral 100 µA/60 sec ECS but resulted in increased concentrations of LH in plasma. Surgical separation of the MPOA from the DAHA, leaving the preopticotuberal fibers intact, did...
Saturation Hall Constant of Semiconductors

The asymptotic value of the Hall constant of semiconductors as the magnetic field becomes very large is shown on general grounds to be $\frac{1}{(p\ensuremath{-}n)\mathrm{ec}}$, where $p$ and $n$ are the concentrations of holes and of electrons respectively; this result is independent of the band shapes in the neighborhood of energy maxima or minima. The unscattered motion of electrons, which determines the saturation Hall constant, is examined by means of the usual crystal momentum force equation, and also through direct investigation of the properties of stationary states in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The saturation magnetoresistance is also discussed, within the framework of the crystal momentum approximation.
A charging model for a dust cloud with a size distribution and a nonuniform potential

Abstract When considering the problem of calculating the charge on an individual grain as part of a dust cloud immersed in a moderate-temperature ambient plasma, the potential at equilibrium cannot in general be taken to be the same on the surfaces of the constituent grains. When charging currents (such as the secondary-electron current) which have a dependence on grain size apart from the cross-sectional area (∼ r 2 ) are present, the grain surface potential will vary from grain to grain. The secondary-electron current is considered in this paper along with the primary ion and electron currents to be the mechanisms involved in grain charging. We present a new charging model which includes a redefinition of the notion of equilibrium in a dust cloud with streaming currents. It is shown that, under specific conditions for the dust and plasma, oppositely charged grains may exist without the necessity of a temperature fluctuation. This is a new result and has promising implications for current areas of research such as coagulation in protoplanetary disks and gravitoelectrodynamics in planetary rings.
Application and technical approaches of interleaver

Interleaver allows existing DWDM filters designed for operation at wide channel spacing to be extended to DWDM system with narrow channel spacing. Birefringent crystal interleaver is based on birefringence of crystal and interference of polarized light. The principle of approaching the flattop passband spectrum shape is analyzed by Jones matrix. All fiber unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer interleaver and Michelson interferometer with GT resonator interleaver are also presented. Passband center wavelength precision and chromatic dispersion are discussed.
Effect of an electrostatic field on boundary- layer transition.

The maximum value unity for the parameter jl is associated with the uniform bar. For this case f = 0, as may be observed from Eq. (15), and the frequency is determined from Eq. (14). The lower bound on permissible values of jEt depends on the ratio r of the end mass to the total mass of the bar. This bound may be obtained from Eqs. (14) and (15) by letting f = 1. For the simpler case /c0 = 0, its value, say ju = #*, is found to be p* = /3r tanh/3 (16) As # -*• #*, the solution approaches the result obtained in the prior unconstrained problem. Numerical results are developed for the bar with a specific uniformly distributed mass KQ = 0.82, and zero end mass (r = 0). For this case, the range of jE is 0 ^ JE ^ 1. A set of typical designs is shown in Fig. 1. The curve of Fig. 2 summarizes the effect of variation in ft on the response frequency /3 for the set of designs within a specified total mass for the bar. The same results might be plotted in a form to indicate the mass required for a bar that vibrates at specified lowest mode frequency, as a function of the design constraint jE. For the present example, the savings in mass of material associated with optimum design ranges between 0 and 32% of the equal response-frequency uniform bar. Roughly twothirds of this saving is achieved in the optimum design associated with the constraint value ft = 0.5. Summary (F For practical reasons, structures are seldom made in the form of continuously varying shapes, such as those which
Anterior and Posterior Interosseous Neurectomy for the Treatment of Chronic Dynamic Instability of the Wrist

The purpose of this study was to determine the results of combined anterior and posterior interosseous neurectomy (AIN/PIN) in patients with chronic wrist pain secondary to dynamic instability, and to determine the predictability of selective AIN/PIN blocks with respect to pain relief, grip strength, and outcome of the neurectomy. A prospectively accrued chronic wrist pain registry was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were patients with arthroscopically confirmed dynamic wrist instability who had undergone a diagnostic AIN/PIN injection, followed by a single dorsal incision neurectomy. All patients completed Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome questionnaires preoperatively and at intervals postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative range of motion, grip strength, and percentage pain relief were recorded. Over a 3-year period, 50 wrists (48 patients) were enrolled: average follow-up was 28 months (range: 24–42 months). The average improvement in grip strength after denervation was 16% (p = 0.076), the average improvement in subjective pain rating was 51% (p < 0.0001), and the average improvement in Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores was 15 points (p = 0.0039). Improvement of pain from diagnostic injections was not predictive of final improvement of pain; however, improvement in grip strength after diagnostic injections did correlate with improved grip strength after surgery. Lack of improvement in subjective pain rating or grip strength after diagnostic injection approached statistical significance. There was no decrease in range of motion postoperatively. Fourteen patients (16 wrists) failed as defined by need for subsequent surgery. The results of AIN/PIN neurectomy demonstrate that it may be an effective alternative to wrist salvage or reconstructive procedures within the first few years of follow-up.
Value-driven attentional capture is modulated by spatial context

When stimuli are associated with reward outcome, their visual features acquire high attentional priority such that stimuli possessing those features involuntarily capture attention. Whether a particular feature is predictive of reward, however, will vary with a number of contextual factors. One such factor is spatial location: for example, red berries are likely to be found in low-lying bushes, whereas yellow bananas are likely to be found on treetops. In the present study, I explore whether the attentional priority afforded to reward-associated features is modulated by such location-based contingencies. The results demonstrate that when a stimulus feature is associated with a reward outcome in one spatial location but not another, attentional capture by that feature is selective to when it appears in the rewarded location. This finding provides insight into how reward learning effectively modulates attention in an environment with complex stimulus–reward contingencies, thereby supporting efficient foraging.
Border Crossings: Intersections of Rhetoric and Feminism

Abstract: In this essay, we explore the intersections of rhetoric and feminism and the resulting transformations to both disciplines. Rhetoric offers feminism a vibrant process of inquiring, organizing, and thinking, as well as a theorized space to talk about effective communication; feminism offers rhetoric a reason to bridge differences, to include, and to empower, as well as a politicized space to discuss rhetorical values. The fraditional rhetorical canons, with their enthymematic familiarity, mark the sections of this essay, for they emphasize the mutually heuristic nature of the border crossings between these two disdplines. Although the linearity of print demands that we treat the canons consecutively, they, nevertheless, have a tendency to overlap and interact. Our discussions of arrangement, style, and delivery, for instance, both assume and depend upon a rethinking of invention and memory—a rethinking that recognizes the role that both these canons play in current efforts to reconceptualize and reenact what it means to know, speak, and write. As our essay argues, such attention to what we speak about, and how and why we speak, urges ail of us not only to continued exploration and interrogation but also to a renewed responsibility for our professional and personal discursive acts.
Modeling Subalpine and Upper Montane Forest-Climate Interactions in Colorado: A Comparative Study Using GIS

The correlation of the distribution of five subalpine and montane tree species with precipitation and temperature were modeled using GIS. The results were compared with data presented by Thompson et al. (2000). Distributions of subalpine fir (Abies concolor), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) were compared to estimated precipitation and temperature fields that had been constructed from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) station data, and Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) system data. Plant distribution maps from Little (1971) and CoGAP (2001) were used to determine the temperature and precipitation associated with the selected tree species. The estimates from this study were compared to those of Thompson, Anderson & Bartlein (2000). In many cases precipitation and temperatures values were higher than those of Thompson, Anderson & Bartlein (2000). Suggestions are made to improve the predictive power of GIS analysis for mapping climate and plant variability.
Effects of provocation on transcardiac thromboxane in patients with coronary artery disease.

Thromboxane A 2 exerts powerful effects on vascular smooth muscle tone and platelet aggregability. Previous studies have demonstrated increases in transcardiac thromboxane B 2 (a stable thromboxane A 2 metabolite) in patients with unstable angina and recent chest pain. To determine whether these increases in transcardiac thromboxane B 2 are unique to the unstable anginal syndrome or are merely a consequence of ongoing myocardial ischemia, simultaneous ascending aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for quantitation of thromboxane B 2 in 52 patients with a history of chest pain. Provocation was performed with (1) rapid cardiac pacing in 23 patients, (2) cold pressor stress in 19 patients, and (3) sustained isometric exertion in 10 patients. Of the 52 patients, only 5 had a substantial (>3-fold) increase in coronary sinus thromboxane B 2 in response to provocation: 1 had unstable angina and chest pain during the previous 48 hours and 4 had a myocardial infarction within the previous 6 weeks. Similarly, only 7 had a >3-fold increase in the coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B 2 ratio in response to provocation: 1 had unstable angina and recent chest pain, 5 had a recent myocardial infarction, and 1 had both of these. There were no other clinical features unique to these patients. The remaining patients with similar diagnoses did not develop a marked increase in coronary sinus thromboxane B 2 or the coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B 2 ratio with provocation. None of the 35 patients with stable ischemic heart disease or nonischemic chest pain syndromes had a substantial increase in coronary sinus thromboxane B 2 or the coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B 2 ratio (p 2 and the coronary sinus/aortic thromboxane B 2 ratio in comparison with the 17 patients with recent unstable angina or myocardial infarction). Thus, generous amounts of thromboxane B 2 are released into the coronary circulation after provocation in some patients with unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction but not in those with stable ischemic heart disease or nonischemic chest pain syndromes.
Transport of dissolved carbon dioxide through silicone rubber membranes

The transport of dissolved carbon dioxide through silicone rubber was studied as a function of concentration levels and membrane thicknesses. Investigations were made under steady-state conditions only. A necessary provision to the determinations of permeability coefficients was the development of measuring the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in water. A method called “gas phase analysis” was developed. This procedure involves analysis of gas phase samples above CO2-H2O solutions sealed in equilibrium vessels. The permeability was found to be very nearly independent of concentration level. The previously developed equation relating the reciprocals of permeability and membrane thickness was used to explain the experimental data. The importance of boundary resistance was emphasized.
Many-body tunneling-theory approach to field emission of electrons from solids

Abstract The equation of motion and thermodynamic Green's function method for describing tunneling processes in normal and Josephson junctions is here adapted to the problem of field emission of electrons from solids. The formal developments lead to an equation for the emission current in terms of both the Fowler-Nordheim quantities and the spectral weight function of the single particle Green's function in the solid. The formal results are examined in detail for some specific examples. In the case when the spectral function is that of a free, non-interacting electron gas, the formal results obtained here reduce to the usual Fowler-Nordheim result for the current and the energy distribution. Expressions are then obtained for the current and energy distribution of field emitted electrons from superconductors. The consequences of these results are discussed. The next example considered here is the emission current characteristics from an electron gas in which collisions between electrons and phonons, electrons, impurities, or imperfections occur. The damping of the electron energy eigenstates, which is present in all real metals, results in new current characteristics. The last example considered here is the problem of resolution limitations in real experiments. The effects of measurement uncertainties on the experimental energy distributions of emitted electrons are easily treated in the present formalism.
Uncertainty in Human Capital Investment and Earnings Dynamics

This paper provides a human capital theory‐based explanation for the presence of a permanent component in earnings levels as well as individual heterogeneity in earnings slopes. We incorporate uncertainty about the future rental rates of human capital into a life‐cycle human capital investment model and obtain an earnings equation implied by the solution to the worker's optimal investment decision. While heterogeneous growth stems from individual heterogeneity in the ability of human capital production, permanent errors are induced by the response of optimal investments to transitory rental rate shocks. We empirically show that both components are present.
Mitotic phosphorylation of Exo84 disrupts exocyst assembly and arrests cell growth

The rate of eukaryotic cell growth is tightly controlled for proper progression through each cell cycle stage and is important for cell size homeostasis. It was previously shown that cell growth is inhibited during mitosis when cells are preparing for division. However, the mechanism for growth arrest at this stage is unknown. Here we demonstrate that exocytosis of a select group of cargoes was inhibited before the metaphase-anaphase transition in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1, when bound to the mitotic cyclin Clb2, directly phosphorylated Exo84, a component of the exocyst complex essential for exocytosis. Mitotic phosphorylation of Exo84 disrupted the assembly of the exocyst complex, thereby affecting exocytosis and cell surface expansion. Our study demonstrates the coordination between membrane trafficking and cell cycle progression and provides a molecular mechanism by which cell growth is controlled during the cell division cycle.
Application of a maximum likelihood method using implicit constraints to determine equation of state parameters from binary phase behavior data

Abstract The maximum likelihood method has been modified to allow the use of implicit constraints in the determination of model parameters from experimental data and the associated experimental uncertainties. The use of the implicit constraints greatly facilitates phase behavior modeling since models typically are complex functions of pressure, temperature, volume, and composition. The new form of the maximum likelihood method is illustrated using recently obtained data for the binary systems m-cresol + quinoline, tetralin + quinoline, and m-cresol + tetralin. Parameters were obtained for six different mixing rules used in conduction with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The mixing rules ranged from a simple interaction parameter to more complex rules involving temperature and volume dependencies.
Reaction of Laboratory Magnetic Fields Against Their Current Coils

It is shown, using the virial theorem, that the forces exerted on a current-carrying wire by the magnetic field of the current in the wire are always of the same order as the stresses carried by the magnetic field. Thus it is not possible, by suitable configuration of the current-carrying wires, to construct a magnetic system wherein the currents are free of magnetic stresses, even for the so-called "force-free" fields.
Net energy gain from solid organic wastes by dark fermentation and its end products

Abstract This study evaluated the feasibility of improving net energy gain from solid organic wastes by dark fermentation (DF) and its aqueous end products. Batch experiments were conducted with dairy cattle manure as a typical solid waste blended with sucrose at different sucrose:manure ratios. This study differs from previous DF studies in two aspects; these experiments were conducted at ambient temperature without any external nutrient supplements or pH control measures while previous studies had resorted to mesophilic conditions, nutrient supplements, and external pH control; this study evaluated the feasibility of DF in terms of net energy yield rather than in terms of hydrogen yield as in previous studies. Hydrogen yields (2.9–5.3 M H2/M sucrose) and net energy gains (2.0–3.7 kJ/g COD) demonstrated in this study are higher than in previous reports. Based on this study, sucrose:manure ratio of 4.5% is suggested as the optimal ratio.
Universal Constant Rebalanced Portfolios with Switching

In this paper, we consider online (sequential) portfolio selection in a competitive algorithm framework. We construct a sequential algorithm for portfolio investment that asymptotically achieves the wealth of the best piecewise constant rebalanced portfolio tuned to the underlying individual sequence of price relative vectors. Without knowledge of the investment duration, the algorithm can perform as well as the best investment algorithm that can choose both the partitioning of the sequence of the price relative vectors as well as the best constant rebalanced portfolio within each segment based on knowledge of the sequence of price relative vectors in advance. We use a transition diagram similar to that in F.M.J. Willems, (1996) to compete with an exponential number of switching investment strategies, using only linear complexity in the data length for combination. The regret with respect to the best piecewise constant strategy is at most O(ln(n)) in the exponent, where n is the investment duration. This method is also extended in S.S. Kozat and A.C. Singer, (2006) to switching among a finite collection of candidate algorithms, including the case where such transitions are represented by an arbitrary side-information sequence.
Reformer as Politician: Horace Mann and the Anti-Slavery Struggle in Congress, 1848–1853

Horace Mann was flattered to be offered the opportunity to succeed the venerable John Quincy Adams in the House of Representatives. Adams's long and distinguished service in the House, to which he went after his defeat for a second term in the presidency, was nationally recognized. It would be difficult to fill the shoes of ‘Old Man Eloquent’. The Whigs of the Eighth Congressional District of Massachusetts had to choose a figure of some fame and reputation. Horace Mann's several years of residence in West Newton qualified him for nomination.
Limits on global rules in Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains

In Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC; McCarthy 2007), candidates are multi-step derivations, and precedence constraints, which regulate the order of derivational steps, can inspect entire candidate derivations. This means that OT-CC opens the door to certain kinds of ‘global rules’ – that is, effects in which the application or non-application of a process is decided with crucial reference to derivational history. This paper investigates what limits may exist on OT-CC's global rule powers, focusing on two forms of opacity which are possible under a theory where all rules apply simultaneously, but not under sequential rule application: mutual counterfeeding and mutual counterbleeding. It is shown that the original version of OT-CC allows none, but that each of them could be made possible with relatively simple revisions to the original theory. Possible examples of these forms of opacity are discussed.
‘I Became a Mom’: Identity Changes in Mothers Receiving Public Assistance

ABSTRACT This phenomenological study used individual, semistructured, face-to-face interviews to explore motherhood experiences among 15 women receiving public assistance in a large urban area on the West coast. A primary phenomenon observed was that motherhood was described as an experience of identity change, with resulting emotional, behavioral, and sense-of-self changes. Within this broad theme, two categories emerged: the experience and process of change, and consequences of change. It was concluded that motherhood may serve as an important catalyst for change in some women and that the context of poverty is essential for understanding the motherhood experience. These results suggest that interventions aimed at leveraging emerging motherhood identities may be beneficial in setting women on the path out of poverty, drug addiction, and incarceration. Future research should examine the consequences of maternal change within the specific context of the stages of change documented in the recovery process ...
A Human FSHB Promoter SNP Associated With Low FSH Levels in Men Impairs LHX3 Binding and Basal FSHB Transcription

FSH production is important for human gametogenesis. In addition to inactivating mutations in the FSHB gene, which result in infertility in both sexes, a G/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -211 relative to the transcription start site of the 5' untranslated region of FSHB has been reported to be associated with reduced serum FSH levels in men. In this study, we sought to identify the potential mechanism by which the -211 SNP reduces FSH levels. Although the SNP resides in a putative hormone response element, we showed that, unlike the murine gene, human FSHB was not induced by androgens or progestins in gonadotropes. On the other hand, we found that the LHX3 homeodomain transcription factor bound to an 11-bp element in the human FSHB promoter that includes the -211 nucleotide. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that LHX3 bound with greater affinity to the wild-type human FSHB promoter compared with the -211 G/T mutation and that LHX3 binding was more effectively competed with excess wild-type oligonucleotide than with the SNP. Finally, we showed that FSHB transcription was decreased in gonadotrope cells with the -211 G/T mutation compared with the wild-type FSHB promoter. Altogether, our results suggest that decreased serum FSH levels in men with the SNP likely result from reduced LHX3 binding and induction of FSHB transcription.
Rare earth arsenides: The metal-rich Europium arsenides

Abstract The binary system europium-arsenic has been investigated in the range 50 – 100 at.% europium. Numerous experimental difficulties were encountered because of the high liquidus temperatures and the extreme reactivity of the system towards container materials. Seven phases were identified. Single crystals of six phases were examined by X-ray precession methods and the powder patterns were indexed as follows: • Eu11As10 (distorted Ho11Ge10-type), orthorhombic, a = 11.255(2), b = 11.715(3), c = 17.396(4) A ; • Eu5As4, Ccmb, a = 8.0222(5), b = 15.806(1), c = 8.0586(5) A ; • Eu3As2, (Ba3P2-type, defect anti-Th3P4), I43d, a = 9.2895(4) A ; • Eu3+xAs2, I4 1 acd ,a = 16.464(5), c = 22.246(7) A ; • Eu5As3, (Ca5Pb3-type), P63mc, a = 15.245(2), c = 7.2501(7) A ; • Eu5As3, (Mn5Si3-type), P6 3 mcm , a = 8.8526(3), c = 7.0376(4) A . A ternary was also found, Eu4As2O (structure derived from La2Sb), I4 mmm , a = 4.7939(7), c = 16.1936(24). This and other new data for rare earth pnictides are reviewed. Some correlations are presented and the crystal chemistry of some of the phases is discussed.
Data extraction as text categorization: an experiment with the MUC-3 corpus

The data extraction systems studied in the MUC-3 evaluation perform a variety of subtasks in filling out templates. Some of these tasks are quite complex, and seem to require a system to represent the structure of a text in some detail to perform the task successfully. Capturing reference relations between slot fillers, distinguishing between historic and recent events, and many other subtasks appear to have this character.
AN ACIDIC, ALANINE-RICH 50 S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN FROM HALOBACTERIUM CUTIRUBRUM: AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEINS L7 and L12

being identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis [2] and amino acid composition [5]. Tryptic peptides of L20, prepared by incubation at 37°C for 3 hr with a 1% (weight enzyme: weight protein) trypsin solution, were fractionated by gel fil- tration chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 super- fine column (1.5 X 270 cm) with distilled water as the eluant. The resulting peaks, which were monitored at 230 nm, were analysed for amino acid composition with a Durrum D-500 amino acid analyser after hy- drolysis at 110°C for 18 hr with 6 N HCl in vacua. Peptide L20-T4 was eluted soon after the void volume and was well separated from other smaller tryptic pep- tides. The amino-terminal sequence of protein L20 (6 mg) and L20-T4 (2 mg) was determined by automatic Edman degradation (91 using a Beckman Model 890C sequencer with the quadral protein program. The thia- zolinone derivatives, converted to their PTH-deriva- tives, were identified by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates as described by Wittmann-Liebold [lo] The thiazolinone or PTH-derivatives were hydrolysed separately with 6 N HCl and Hl [ 1 I] at 130°C for 20 hr, and the amino acid formed was analysed with a Durrum D-500 amino acid analyser. 127
Nonpharmacologic therapy in hypertension: From single components to overall dietary management

Improved lifestyle and dietary practices are now recognized as essential factors in the optimal management of high blood pressure. This chapter discusses the nonpharmacologic approaches that are generally recommended for hypertension treatment as well as prevention, including summaries of the evidence on which these recommendations are based. For many of these approaches, specifically dietary modifications, the evidence is strong but not yet definitive. Potential sources of the conflicting data and the lack of scientific consensus are addressed, as well as recent findings of the effects of the total diet and dietary patterns that may ultimately resolve much of the controversy regarding nonpharmacologic means of treating and preventing hypertension.
Reductive methylation of lysine residues of botulinum neurotoxin types A and B.

Reductive methylation of botulinum neurotoxin (NT) serotypes A and B at various ratios of protein to reagent modified up to 75° 10 of the lysine residues. Amino acid analysis of the modified proteins (HCl hydrolysed) confirmed selective modifications of lysine. The derivative N,N-dimethyl lysine was more abundant than monomethyl lysine; trimethyl lysine was not detected. Distribution of modified lysine residues among the heavy and light chains (Mr ∼100000 and ∼50000, respectively) of the dichain type A NT (Mr ∼150000) was approximately proportional to the lysine contents of the two subunit chains of the NT. Toxicity (mouse lethality) and serological reactivity (polyclonal antibody) of serotype A NT were not (or insignificantly) damaged following methylation of up to 72 lysine residues. Modification of 3 additional residues caused precipitous loss in toxicity. Toxicity of serotype B NT, unlike type A, appeared more sensitive to lysine modification. The large number of lysine residues that can be methylated without damaging toxicity of type A NT can be exploited to a) radiolabel the dichain protein exclusively in one chain keeping the other chain unlabelled, b) restrict the number of tryptic cleavage sites of the NT, and c) tag the protein with various markers or reactive ligands.
A common variant of the AMPD1 gene predicts improved survival in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction

Abstract Background A recent retrospective study suggested that the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)-1 gene variant C34T predicts outcome in heart failure patients. This variant might lead to ischemic preconditioning by increasing tissue adenosine. We tested whether the survival benefit of C34T occurs preferentially in the setting of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Methods and results A consecutive cohort of patients (n = 390) with left ventricular ejection fraction P = .035) as an independent predictor of transplant-free cardiovascular survival. No benefit was found in the nonischemic group although the number of events was too small to reliably exclude a benefit by genotype. Conclusion The AMPD1 C34T polymorphism influences transplant-free cardiovascular survival in the setting of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.
Teasing history and eating disorder features: An age- and body mass index[ndash ]matched comparison of bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder

The study examined whether a history of being teased about physical appearance is associated with differential patterns of current symptomatology in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) as compared to patients with binge-eating disorder (BED). Thirty-two adult female patients with BN were compared with an age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched group of 32 adult female patients with BED. A battery of established instruments were used to assess physical appearance-related teasing history, current eating disorder features, body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning (depression and self-esteem). BN patients reported a significantly higher frequency of having been teased about weight and size (WST) but a similar frequency of having been teased about general appearance (GAT) as the age- and BMI-matched BED patients. The two study groups did not differ significantly on current eating disorder features, body dissatisfaction, or psychological functioning, with the one exception that BN patients were characterized by significantly greater dietary restraint. Correlational analyses conducted separately within the BN and BED study groups revealed few significant associations between teasing history and eating disorder features in either study group. For the BN group, neither WST nor GAT was significantly associated with eating disorder features or body dissatisfaction, but both were significantly associated with lower self-esteem. For the age- and BMI-matched BED group, WST was not associated with eating disorder features, body dissatisfaction, or psychological functioning, but GAT was associated with higher dietary restraint and depression. Although physical appearance related teasing history was not associated with most eating disorder features for either study group, it appears that the association of different forms of teasing with psychological functioning may vary depending on the type of eating disorder symptomatology.
Fluorescent sensing using biconical tapers

Abstract Single mode fibers were heat drawn to into biconical tapers with a waist diameter of 3.69 μm, and a waist length of 7.1 mm. The taper is shown experimentally to eject 460 nm light and collect the emitted fluorescent light at 516 nm. Flourescein solution at concentration of 10 to 60 μM was placed in the waist region, and excitation light of 460 nm was launched at one of the fiber, and 516 nm light intensity was measured at the other end of the fiber. The 516 nm fluorescence signal was found to be proportional to the fluorescein concentration. The results reported in this paper show in practical terms, the feasibility of measuring fluorescence through evanescent coupling, thus demonstrating the use of tapered fibers as fluorescence sensors with potential applications in medical and biomedical areas.
A simple and inexpensive click-free audio switch

This paper describes a click-free audio switch that functions by controlling the rate of onset and decay of a signal. The principle component of the switch is a device whose resistance is a function of the light intensity falling upon it. Circuit diagrams and suggested applications are provided.
Mercurial sensitivity of aquaporin 1 endofacial loop B residues

Water channels proteins are currently the subject of great attention, as they appear important to cell function in a host of tissues. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of the members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family has delineated the presence of a twofold repeat in the primary structure of these proteins (Preston and Agre 1991; Chepelinsky 1994). Preston and Agre (1991) predicted that the two characteristic asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) motifs in loops B and E of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) were on opposite sides of the membrane. Later on, Agre and colleagues (Jung et al. 1994) developed the hourglass model, in which the cytoplasmic loop B and the extracellular loop E overlap within the membrane to form the water pore. Recent electron crystallographic analysis of AQP1 structure (Cheng et al. 1997; Mitsuoka et al. 1999; Heymann and Engel 2000; Murata et al., 2000; Ren et al., 2000, 2001) and another MIP protein, the glycerol facilitator GlpF (Fu et al. 2000), are consistent with the NPA boxes delimiting part of the pore. The wild-type AQP1 water channel is characteristically sensitive to mercurials placed outside of cells. It has been established that one single cysteine residue in its chain (Cys 189) confers that property (Preston et al. 1993; Zhang et al. 1993), presumably by steric blockage of the aqueous pore through the protein. Replacing C189 by a non-sulfhydryl containing amino-acid-like serine (C189S) makes AQP1 mercurial insensitive (Preston et al. 1993; Zhang et al. 1993). Hence, by use of C189S as a template, further substitution of Cys residues at strategic locations can be used to test the accessibility to mercurials for the residues replaced. For this work, we substituted cysteine one at a time (Akabas et al. 1992; Xu and Akabas 1993) for three consecutive residues (71–73) near the first NPA repeat (76–78). The cysteine AQP1 mutants were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the osmotic permeability (Pf) of oocytes expressed was determined under control conditions and in the presence of the mercurial reagents HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzene-sulfonic acid (pCMBS). Unexpectedly, we found that all three mutants were sensitive to both mercurials. To study such behavior, we ran molecular dynamics (MD)simulations of AQP1 at 300 K, and found that its pore bottleneck can vary in width over a surprisingly wide range (avg. width = 3.9 Å, σ = 0.75; hydrated AQP1). This seems consistent with pCMBS (width ∼6 Å) possibly traversing the pore if the incubation time is long enough. We discuss how residues 71–73 could be accessible to external mercurials by this or alternative routes, and the possible implications for MIP protein selectivities.
Semaphorin3a disrupts podocyte foot processes causing acute proteinuria

Semaphorin3a was discovered as a secreted guidance protein that acts as a chemorepellent to migrating axons and endothelial cells. In the adult mouse kidney, it is expressed in podocytes and collecting tubules. Here, we show that exogenous semaphorin3a caused acute nephrotic range proteinuria associated with podocyte foot process effacement and fusion, endothelial cell damage, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-A receptor expression, and downregulation of the slit-diaphragm proteins podocin, nephrin, and CD2-associated protein. When vascular endothelial growth factor 165 was administered at the same time as Semaphorin3a, no proteinuria or renal ultrastructural abnormalities occurred, suggesting that semaphorin3a effects may be mediated, in part, by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling. Our findings indicate that a balance of semaphorin3a to vascular endothelial growth factor-A may be important for glomerular filtration barrier homeostasis.