cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of the anterior pituitary-adrenocortical axis to purified CRF.

Purified corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was given via an internal carotid artery as an infusion during a 10-min period to rats with median eminence lesions (MEL). The secretory rate of corticosterone (B) showed an obvious increase within 5 to 10 min after beginning the infusion of CRF. Ten to 15 min after the infusion was stopped, B was maximal and was 4- to 5-fold greater than the preinfusion rate. Thereafter, B fell steadily for 30 min before attaining a constant level. The infusion of 0.1m ammonium acetate solution or a solution of brain cortex had no effect on B. The effect of CRF on B is considered a secondary effect following changes in secretion of ACTH. The effect was not due to exogenous corticotropin (ACTH) since the solution of CRF had no effect on B in MEL rats that were hypophysectomized 2 hr before use. Local blood flow in the right lobe of the pituitary of rats with MEL of 2 days’ duration was not significantly different from flow in rats without MEL. CRF had no noticeable effect on l...
Black Choke Disease Caused by an Ephelis sp. on Purple Fountain Grass in Maryland.

Purple fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides) is indigenous to Asia, prized for its foxtail-like purple flowers, and widely used as an ornamental. During October 1999, black choke disease was found on P. alopecuroides cv. Hameln (L.) Spreng at a plant nursery in Maryland. Disease symptoms include mummification of inflorescences by black conidial stromata, distorted leaf tissue, and a dense layer of white epiphytic mycelium on the adaxial leaves and culms. Stromata were initially white but became black with age. Microscopic analysis of the isolated fungus indicated that the causal organism was an Ephelis sp., American Type Culture Collection No. MYA-3317. The ephelidial conidia developed in sporodochia on stromata and were hyaline, filiform to acicular, and 18 to 21 × 1 μm. Cultures on potato dextrose agar were off-white and 50 mm in diameter after 14 days at 23°C. Analysis of herbarium specimens of several Balansia spp. revealed that the Ephelis sp. isolate bears morphological resemblance to Asian and ...
Quantization error spectrum of sigma-delta modulators

It is shown that the spectra of the quantization noise of first- and second-order sigma-delta modulators contain strong peaks that depend on the amplitude of the input signal and are intolerable in many applications. This is contrary to the assumption that the quantizer noise from sigma-delta modulators is approximately white. An alternative modulator architecture comprising a cascade of first-order sigma-delta modulators is shown to have a white error spectrum. It is concluded that cascaded sigma-delta modulators exhibit a smooth noise spectrum and are thus suitable for direct replacement of Nyquist-rate PCM converters. >
Strategic guanxi orientation: How to manage distribution channels in China?

Abstract This study focuses on the role of guanxi in distribution channel management in China from the perspectives of both foreign and domestic Chinese firms. Based on a literature review and in-depth interviews with suppliers and retailers, the article provides managers with a theoretical framework for acquiring, institutionalizing and utilizing guanxi in a distribution channel system as a strategic resource to achieve long-term competitive advantages. The framework explicates three stages of strategic guanxi orientation (SGO), highlights the critical role of institutional environmental uncertainties in shaping a firm's SGO, and explores both the benefits and costs associated with adopting SGO in channel management. In addition, the study provides executives of foreign firms in China with practical guidelines on how to improve channel performance in an emerging and competitive market.
The impact of race on divorce in the United States.

Using data from the June 1985 Current Population Survey a study was done to examine the effect of race on divorce in the United States.... With regard to race evidence was found to suggest that divorce probabilities are higher among African Americans than Whites. African American women were 1.8 times as likely to divorce as their white counterparts. Contrary to some past research reports however it was observed that the variables that predict divorce among African Americans are the same that do so for Whites. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
Controlling financial variables--changing prescribing patterns

Techniques of formulary management, pharmacy and therapeutics committee intervention, and the use of clinical pharmacy services to change prescribing patterns and contain costs in hospital pharmacy departments are reviewed. Methods of using the formulary to contain costs include deletion of generic and therapeutic equivalents, inclusion of therapeutic categories and cost codes, and regular reviews and updates of its contents. Drug monographs for formulary evaluation prepared for the P & T committee should include a comparative review of other drugs in the therapeutic category and a cost impact statement. The P & T committee can help contain costs by developing policies for automatic stop orders and restricted drug use. Clinical pharmacy activities that can result in cost savings include physician education (focused on prescribing), target drug programs, target disease programs, pharmacist participation on TPN and i.v. therapy teams, and patient training programs for home care. A matrix for evaluating cost-containment activities is presented. By tailoring the described methods to departmental personnel resources and hospital needs, the pharmacy can be effective in controlling costs.
Kate Stoneman: Pioneer for Equality

This article is a brief biography of the life of Kate Stoneman, the first woman to be admitted to the New York State Bar. In 1886, she was the first woman to pass both the written and oral sections of the bar exam, but was denied admission based solely upon her gender. It would take a change in the New York law to permit a woman to be admitted to bar. Kate Stoneman was a champion of the suffrage movement and an important figure in womens rights movements.
Dorsomedial hindbrain participation in cholecystokinin-induced satiety

To study the role of the dorsomedial hindbrain in cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced satiety, lesions were produced in the region of the obex. We observed that lesions that were limited to the area postrema (AP) and immediately adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) did not attenuate the satietogenic effects of CCK. Similarly, lesions of the medial NST rostral to the AP had no effect on CCK-induced satiety. However, when the majority of the medial and commissural subnuclei of the NST as well as the AP were lesioned, there was a significant attenuation of the satietogenic effect of CCK. Since this lesion includes the bulk of the terminal field from the gastric branch of the vagus nerve, these results support the role of gastric afferent projections in the mediation of CCK-induced satiety. Although we do not rule out the possibility that the AP itself monitors circulating CCK, our data clearly show that the AP is not essential for induction of satiety by exogenous CCK.
Patterns of care for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate gland: results of the American College of Surgeons' patient care evaluation study.

The annual incidence of prostate cancer more than doubled between 1984 and 1990, increasing from an estimated 76 000–200 000 cases respectively. Part of this increase may have been the result of increased detection. This study utilizes data from an American College of Surgeons Patient Care Evaluation (PCE) study to report on changes in the management of metastatic disease. Approximately 2000 hospitals were invited to submit data on a standard collection form designed by a multidisciplinary committee of specialists. Data were received from 730 hospitals on 14 716 patients with newly diagnosed cancer of the prostate in 1984, and from 1035 hospitals for 23 214 patients in 1990. Between 1984 and 1990 there was a decrease in the percentage of reported patients diagnosed with Stage IV disease, falling from 25.3–21.2%. The number of patients receiving a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test increased from 6.3–74.8% and the proportion of abnormal PSA results increased from 82–92.7%. The proportion of patients diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and perineal biopsy decreased, while an increase was noted in the proportion of men diagnosed by transrectal biopsy and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Treatment by orchiectomy alone increased from 31.8–40.7% of patients, while the administration of exogenous hormone therapy alone declined from 22.3–14.9% of patients. Two and five-year survival rates for the most common forms of therapy were 56.7% and 22.5% respectively for orchiectomy, 57% and 24.6% respectively for exogenous hormone therapy, and 50.3% and 23.5% respectively for no cancer directed therapy. Following a second course of therapy, the two-year survival rate for patients receiving a subsequent orchiectomy was 36.7 vs 17.8% for those receiving secondary exogenous hormone therapy. The percentage of patients diagnosed with Stage IV disease has decreased while prostate cancer diagnoses are being made more frequently utilizing the PSA test and TRUS biopsies. Hormone treatment remains the most common form of therapy with either orchiectomy or exogenous hormone therapy having higher survival rates than other common treatment modalities.
Patterns of increase and spread of polioviruses in monkeys after inoculation into traumatized tissue.

SummaryFour strains of type 1 polio-virus were injected into loose connective tissue at the base of lesions created 3 days previously by excision of 1 cm2 of skin of one thigh. Viral content of serous exudate from inoculated lesions and from uninoculated skin lesions on the scalp and the opposite thigh was determined. The Chesterfield Inlet and Iberia viruses were chosen as field strains that were epidemiologically virulent and avirulent respectively. The Mahoney and LSc are well known laboratory strains of high and low virulence. Less than 200 TCID50 of Mahoney and Iberia viruses were required to infect these lesions. Infection occurred irregularly with LSc virus injected in amounts of 4,000 and 60.000 TCID50. The avirulent LSc virus failed to appear in the blood or in uninoculated lesions. The other 3 strains increased in inoculated lesions and in all uninoculated lesions. Although virus appeared to multiply extensively at the lesion site, healing progressed normally; and there was no evidence of local ...
Early steps in reverse cholesterol transport: cholesteryl ester hydrolase and other hydrolases.

Purpose of reviewSeveral controversies exist related to the molecular identity and subcellular localization of the enzyme catalyzing macrophage cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. Some of these issues have been reviewed earlier and this review summarizes new developments that describe effects of overexpre
Ionic Transport, Microphase Separation, and Polymer Relaxation in Poly(propylene glycol) and Lithium Perchlorate Mixtures

By combining broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the ionic transport, microphase separation, and polymer relaxation in poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) mixtures have been systematically examined as a function of temperature, pressure, polymer molecular weight, and salt concentration. While the low molecular weight PPG–LiClO4 mixtures exhibit only a single phase, microphase separation is observed in the mixtures of higher molecular weight PPGs (1000 and 4000 g/mol). In the samples with microphase separation, BDS and DSC yield consistent glass transition temperatures for ion-rich and ion-depleted domains. Our Walden plot analysis indicates that the ionic transport in PPG–LiClO4 is controlled by the (slow) segmental relaxation, and the data of all PPG–LiClO4 fall close to the “ideal” Walden line. Last, the application of pressure not only suppresses the microphase separation, but also decouples the ionic transport from the segmenta...
Metabolic Inflexibility with Obesity and the Effects of Fenofibrate on Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Oxidation.

This study was designed to investigate mechanisms of lipid metabolic inflexibility in human obesity and the ability of fenofibrate (FENO) to increase skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures (HSkMC) exhibiting metabolic inflexibility. HSkMC from 10 lean and 10 obese, insulin resistant subjects were treated with excess fatty acid for 24 h (24hFA) to gauge lipid-related metabolic flexibility. Metabolically inflexible HSkMC from obese individuals were then treated with 24hFA in combination with FENO to determine effectiveness for increasing FAO. Mitochondrial enzyme activity and FAO were measured in skeletal muscle from subjects with prediabetes (n=11) before and after 10 weeks of fenofibrate in vivo. 24hFA increased FAO to a greater extent in HSkMC from lean versus obese subjects (+49% vs. +9%, for lean vs. obese, respectively; p
Abstract 595: Next-generation engineered toxin bodies: CD38, PD-L1 and HER2 targeted ETBs

Molecular Templates is developing engineered toxin bodies (ETBs), potent recombinant immunotoxins that combine the specificity of an antibody fragment with the powerful direct cytotoxicity of the Shiga-like toxin A subunit to specifically kill target expressing cells. Once delivered to appropriate cells, the Shiga toxin A subunit inhibits protein synthesis and promotes apoptosis of tumor cells. Bacterial or plant derived toxin moieties have the potential to induce an immune response, commonly limiting repeat dosing of immunotoxins. Our next-generation ETB scaffold has been modified to overcome this limitation through genetic engineering to systematically and comprehensively reduce B and CD4+T cell epitopes. Molecular Templates has developed a proprietary epitope class switching technology designed to both reduce the anti-drug response and promote the anti-tumor response by replacing naturally occurring CD4+ T cell epitopes with CD8+ T cell epitopes. We have found that a combination of surface remodeling and epitope class switching combined in one protein results in powerful reductions in the anti-drug response against ETBs after repeat administration. This de-immunized next-generation scaffold retains the potency and specificity of the unmodified ETB. Additionally, the engineering of CD8+ T cell epitopes on the ETB scaffold can allow for foreign antigen presentation in complex with MHC class I on the tumor cell surface. This antigen presentation may recruit activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to the tumor microenvironment thereby adding an additional mechanism of action to the direct cell kill activity of the ETBs. The second generation ETB scaffold has been combined with multiple target binding domains, including scFvs that target CD38, PD-L1 and HER2. CD38 is a validated target for multiple myeloma, and our CD38 targeted ETB has shown potent activity in vitro and in vivo. Pre-clinical studies have shown effective combination of the CD38 targeted ETB with standard of care agents such as IMiDs. Additionally, we have developed a PD-L1 targeted ETB that can be used against various PD-L1 expressing malignancies including Hodgkin9s lymphoma and melanoma. HER2 is a well characterized target in breast cancer that persists in many patients after HER2 targeted treatment relapse; a novel MOA to this target may impart additional clinical benefit. The potency, reduced immunogenicity, unique mechanism of action and immune modulating activities of ETBs in this second generation scaffold allows for these agents to fit in well in a refractory setting as well as in combination with other agents in the growing field of immuno-oncology. Citation Format: Sangeetha Rajagopalan, Garrett L. Robinson, Brigitte Brieschke, Jennifer Erdman, Jane Neill, Jack P. Higgins, Erin K. Willert. Next-generation engineered toxin bodies: CD38, PD-L1 and HER2 targeted ETBs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 595.
Enhanced Dissolved Organic Matter Recovery from Saltwater Samples with Electrodialysis

Complexities associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolation from seawater have hampered compositional characterization of this key component of global carbon and nutrient cycles. DOM isolation efficiency by electrodialysis (ED) from salt-containing waters was optimized and evaluated on samples including coastal ocean seawater, open ocean seawater, artificial seawater from axenic cultures of marine phytoplankton, and artificial seawater samples containing standard compounds of different molecular sizes and charge. ED was performed with a system optimized for processing 2–10 L sample volumes. Additionally, the combination of ED and solid-phase extraction, using Bond Elut PPL exchange resin, was evaluated. Using only ED, the following DOC recoveries were achieved: coastal seawater, 71.3 ± 6.5 %; open ocean, 50.5 ± 3.1 %; phytoplankton cultures, 70.3 ± 12.5 %; glucose, 90.2 ± 2.1 %; EDTA, 67.5 ± 9.9 %; and vitamin B12, 98.3 ± 1.6 %. With the combination of PPL and ED techniques, an average DOC recovery of 76.7 ± 2.6 % was obtained for coastal seawater, but this recovery was not statistically different from seawater recoveries using only ED. Comparison of C/N ratios and fluorescence excitation emission matrices taken at the beginning and end of the recovery process for coastal samples processed using only ED indicated that the final recovered material was representative of the DOM present in the original samples. Typical recoveries using combined PPL and ED exceed those of previous isolation methods.
Kinetics of plasma assisted pyrolysis and oxidation of ethylene. Part 2: Kinetic modeling studies

The kinetics of plasma-assisted pyrolysis and oxidation of ethylene have been numerically investigated. Combining plasma chemistry processes including electron-impact reactions, and reactions of electronically excited species with a comprehensive combustion mechanism, a plasma-assisted kinetic mechanism of ethylene pyrolysis and oxidation has been constructed. To test the accuracy of the constructed mechanism, numerical results were compared to experimental data obtained in a plasma flow reactor, performed under highly diluted conditions in argon at a pressure of 1 atm for temperatures ranging from 520 K to 1250 K. Comparison of plasma-assisted pyrolysis results indicates little discrepancy between the model and experiments. Direct collisional quenching of electronically excited argon by ethylene is responsible for the low temperature enhancement of fuel consumption seen in the plasma-assisted pyrolysis experiments. Hydrocarbon radicals generally undergo addition and recombination reactions to yield several C3 and C4 hydrocarbon intermediates. As temperature increases, the plasma effects diminish and the reaction is overtaken by thermal pyrolysis. Comparison of experimental and modeling results for plasma-assisted oxidation of ethylene demonstrated relatively good agreement for most major and minor species. However, poor agreement was found for ethylene and acetaldehyde for T < 750 K. In the oxidation system, collisional quenching of excited argon by O2 to generate the O-atom radical pool complemented the plasma-specific fuel dissociation reactions. The plasma was found to have different effects on the oxidation kinetics at different temperatures. At low temperatures, R+O2 type chemistry (R being a hydrocarbon radical) facilitates the formation of oxygenated species to enhance oxidation by way of formaldehyde. At intermediate temperatures, the formation of hydrocarbon and alcohol intermediates slows the oxidation process relative to the low temperatures. Finally, at high temperatures, plasma chemical reactions are unable to compete against the high temperature chain-branching reactions of the neutral chemistry that dominate and control the overall oxidation process.
Examples of relation algebras

Interesting and important examples of relation algebras may be constructed in a variety of ways: from sets of binary relations, from sets of Boolean matrices, from sets of formulas, from Boolean algebras, from groups, from projective geometries, from modular lattices, and from relatively small abstract algebraic structures. In this chapter we shall look at some of these constructions.
BET bromodomain inhibition synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade to facilitate anti-tumor response in a murine model of non-small cell lung cancer harboring activating KRAS mutation

KRAS mutations accounts for about 30% of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and represent one of key oncogenic drivers of lung cancer. While recent advances in targeted therapy have shown promise, effective therapy for lung cancer still remains a challenge. Given the demonstrated efficacy of BET bromodomain inhibitors in treatment of hematologic malignancies and the emerging clinical benefit of immunotherapeutic agents such as anti-PD1 antibody, we sought to determine whether a combinatorial approach involving these agents could synergize to promote anti-tumor response in genetically engineered mouse model of NSCLC harboring activating kras mutation. Upon administration of the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, and/or α-PD-1 antibody, we evaluated by FACS, the dynamics of tumor-associated immune cells. Notably, treatment with JQ1 alone or in combination with α-PD1 resulted in increased CD8:Treg ratio in the tumors, likely due to the reduced proportions of Treg cells. Interestingly, while JQ1 treatment alone led to remarkable down-regulation of PD-1, α-PD1 treatment resulted in augmented T cell activation evidenced by increased expression of CD69 on tumor-CD8+ T cells. When tested ex-vivo, T cells isolated from tumors of double agent therapy showed the most enhanced ability to secrete IFN-γ relative to either agent alone. Lastly, in survival studies, the combination of both drugs was superior in reducing tumor burden and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice demonstrating a synergistic effect between the two agents. Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combining BET bromodomain inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade for treatment of solid malignancies such as lung adenocarcinomas.
Uterine Artery Flow and Offspring Growth in Long-Evans Rats following Maternal Exposure to Ozone during Implantation.

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that increased ozone exposure during gestation may compromise fetal growth. In particular, the implantation stage of pregnancy is considered a key window...
Variable Priorities and Exclusionary Reasons in Input/Output Logic

Jorg Hansen, John Horty, and Xavier Parent and Leendert van der Torre have all recently described some sort of nonmonotonic logic to model reasons and their interactions. Horty’s framework is broader in scope than the other two, encompassing both reasoning about the relative strengths of reasons and reasoning about which reasons to consider in the first place. Hansen discusses a plethora of approaches and examples, including Horty’s, arguing that his preferred system best captures our intuitions. And Parent and van der Torre present a family of systems of input/output logic, which are in some ways the most flexible. In this paper, I aim to combine these features. Without attempting to answer the question of which intuitions are the best to capture, I first argue that there are good reasons to explore systems that behave more like Hansen’s than Horty’s. I then show that Parent and van der Torre’s framework of input/output logic can exactly duplicate Hansen’s system but is flexible enough to produce other results as well. Finally, I extend their framework to include the additional kinds of reasoning Horty discusses, showing that the resulting theory can handle a wider range of cases than Horty’s.
MyStudentScope: A Web Portal for Parental Management of Their Children’s Educational Information

Research shows that parents and caregivers have challenges optimizing their use of information they receive regarding their children’s education. The challenge hinders their ability to effectively participate in their children’s educational development. Existing electronic student information systems used by schools are designed from the perspective of the educator or student, not the parent. A prior study aimed at determining areas where challenges were perceived supported the need for a tool tailored to meet the parents’ needs. In order to understand current methods of information management using technology, we review literature on Personal Information Management (PIM) and Knowledge Management. Experts in education were interviewed for their opinions regarding the types of information parents should have accessible. The literature review, study results, and recommendations from experts in education were used to inform the design of MyStudentScope (MSS), a web portal for parental management of information regarding their children’s education. The portal has four primary functions: monitoring, retrieving, communication and decision making. Parents’ use of MSS to archive and retrieve information regarding their children’s education is expected to improve parental monitoring of the progress of their children’s education over paper-based methods. Studies are underway to evaluate the effectiveness of MSS in improving parental management of information regarding their children’s education.
Inherited “Ancestors’ Collections” of a Devoted Curator: The Museum of African Heritage in Georgetown, Guyana

This essay traces the development of the Museum of African Heritage (MAH) in Guyana, which opened in 1994. The vision for the Museum, however, emerged over a decade earlier within contexts of decolonial cultural nationalist movements in the circum-Caribbean and African diasporic world at large. Exploring particular histories and contemporary functioning of this museum reveals insights into cultural politics of Guyana’s postcolonial nationalist formations, as well as into ways in which museums navigate their often-incongruous political and cultural roles in societies. Museum Director, Jenny Daly, has since the MAH’s inception been the main force behind this institution. Understanding this Museum’s past and current relationships to cultural-nationalist struggles is instructive for historians of Caribbean politics, Africanist scholars, and museologists more generally. Noting how Daly describes her own professional and personal growth realized through relationships forged with artists, their works, and their various communities of engagement can be illuminating. Daly recalls how art served as an effective medium through which she began to engage meaningfully with aspects of her own ancestral heritages, recognizing a profound correspondence between her involvement with the arts and with local Guyanese iterations of African-derived religiosity. Performing and visual arts provide conceptual and practical bridges between African-inflected expressions of devotion, which are generally marginalized in Guyanese society, and positive self-conceptions among African Guyanese individuals and communities. Through didactic means, art holds potentials to demystify stigmatized culture. The MAH is especially well-situated to harness such educational capacities of art, making African Guyanese histories and cultural expressions more accessible to all.
Final report on the ASTM study: Atmospheric galvanic Corrosion of magnesium coupled to other metals

In 1949 a study was initiated by H. O. Teeple sponsored by Subcommittee VIII on Galvanic and Electrolytic Corrosion of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee B-3 on Corrosion of Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. This study covered the atmospheric galvanic corrosion of magnesium coupled to a number of dissimilar metals and alloys. Previously, results were reported for two and one half years exposure at State College and Kure Beach. This report, sponsored by Subcommittee VII on Galvanic Corrosion of ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion of Metals, presents the final data from this study after an approximate 22-year exposure at these test sites.
Walter Adams and Chicago

Walter Adams is one of the strongest critics of the Chicago School of Economics. Yet he was trained at the University of Chicago. This article traces Adams' education in economics and delineates two distinct Chicago traditions of antitrust policy. Adams is linked to the earlier Chicago tradition of Henry Simons and, to some extent, Frank Knight. The consistency of Adams' policy views on antitrust is shown and the connection of these views to pragmatism and Jeffersonian precepts is argued.
Engineering Luciferases for Assays and Imaging

Luciferases have served a number of purposes in biomedical applications, including within reporter gene and split reporter complementation assays. These proteins, however, have not evolved for the purpose of biomedical research, and it is not surprising that the utility and robustness of these assays can be improved by protein engineering of the luciferase. In this chapter, we provide an overview of luciferases, protein engineering, and how protein engineering is applied to luciferases.
Direct and Indirect Roles of Metal Centres in Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is perhaps the most important and most widely studied of all intermolecular interactions [1]. This is particularly recognized today in the fields of supramolecular chemistry [2] and molecular biology [lc]. Much of the emphasis to date has been on the involvement of hydrogen bonds in systems of an organic or biological nature, while comparatively less attention has been given until very recently to hydrogen bonds in inorganic chemistry [3]. This article is intended to introduce the reader to a pervasive aspect of the latter, namely the role that metal centres can play in hydrogen bonding.
Horizontal Forehead Lines: A Reflection of Eyelid Ptosis or Blepharodermachalasia

In his facial aesthetics practice, the senior author (B.G.) observed that many patients presenting with horizontal forehead lines also demonstrated upper eyelid ptosis or enough blepharodermachalasia to require compensation. This study was conducted to investigate this observation. Photographs of patients presenting for facial rejuvenation were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of forehead lines, ptosis, brow ptosis, and blepharodermatochalasia. Patient age, gender, and race were reported. Only patients over age 50 were included. Patients who had previous eyelid or forehead surgery, congenital abnormalities, or post-traumatic deformities were excluded. Ptosis was defined as more than 1.5-mm overlap between the upper eyelid and the iris. Patients were divided into two groups based on presence of forehead lines for comparative analysis. One hundred sixty patients, including 100 patients with and 60 patients without horizontal forehead lines, were included. Patients with forehead lines were likely to be older (age 61.56 ± 8.93 vs. 58.58 ± 7.59; P = 0.0337), male (36 vs. 11.67%; P = 0.0008), have ptosis (90 vs. 76.67%; P = 0.0377), and have blepharodermatochalasis (20 vs. 5%; P = 0.0097). All 28 patients with unilateral forehead lines (17 left, 11 right) had ipsilateral ptosis. Ptosis and blepharodermatochalasis may result in the development of horizontal forehead lines through compensatory frontalis activation. Whenever horizontal forehead rhytids are noted, it is imperative to search for ptosis or blepharodermachalasia in repose. Otherwise, forehead rejuvenation may fail to eliminate these compensatory forehead lines, and chemodenervation may have significant adverse effects on the visual field by forcibly blocking frontalis compensation. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Difficult airway management in children and young adults with arthrogryposis.

Abstract Objective To review current evidence and experience with anesthesia and airway management issues in children and young adults with arthrogryposis. Data sources Review of existing world literature and description of personal experience at a center for children's orthopedic surgery and rehabilitation over 2 decades. Methods Description of common problems and their solutions in this unusual and diverse group of patients. Results Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital includes more than 400 conditions that lead to congenital joint contractures affecting more than one body area. Among the many causes of arthrogryposis, 50%–65% fall into two large categories – amyoplasia and distal arthrogryposis. There is general agreement that best function in children with arthrogryposis is achieved through early mobilization of joint contractures. Children with arthrogryposis average >5 operative procedures during childhood. Anesthesia for these procedures may be complicated by limited jaw mobility and mouth opening, restricted lung development, positioning difficulties, difficult venous access and concerns about increased risk for malignant hyperthermia. 75% of arthrogryposis patients do not have a difficult airway. For those with a history of airway problems or those meeting criteria for a difficult airway, careful advanced planning helps to assure safe and successful surgery. We describe several specialized techniques for endotracheal intubation of children with arthrogryposis. Conclusions Children and young adults with arthrogryposis are a diverse group. Many pose unique challenges for airway and surgical management. Review of individual anesthesia records and careful advanced planning by a coordinated, experienced airway team can lead to best outcomes from arthrogryposis surgery.
Making Justice Peripheral by Constructing Practice as “Core”: How the Increasing Prominence of Core Practices Challenges Teacher Education:

Reformers are increasingly calling for and adopting practice-based approaches to teacher preparation, with particular emphasis on identifying and centering core practices. In this article, we argue...
Effect of timing of vitamin B12 supplementation in patients receiving pemetrexed for treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer or malignant pleural mesothelioma.

e21682Background: Pemetrexed (Pem) is a folate analog inhibitor considered first line (1L) for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Bef...
Generalized maximum-entropy sampling

We introduce the generalized constrained maximum-entropy sampling problem (GCMESP) as a common generalization of the ordinary constrained maximum-entropy sampling problem (CMESP) and the constraine...
The velocity storage time constant: Balancing between accuracy and precision.

Abstract The velocity storage mechanism is often described in terms of the exponential decay in eye velocity in an upright subject who experiences a constant velocity yaw rotation after a rapid acceleration. The velocity storage time constant for this decay is roughly 6–30 s, which means that for low-frequency head rotations, eye velocity and perceptions have large errors compared to actual motion. One may wonder if there would be benefits to having a longer time constant, which would improve accuracy. In this paper, simulations are used to highlight that improved accuracy may come at the cost of increased noise—i.e., reduced precision. Specifically, since the velocity storage mechanism extends the 5.7 s time constant of the semicircular canal, it must be performing an integration process over a certain frequency range. In fact, all mathematical models of velocity storage include an integration. This integration would also integrate neural noise. Thus, increasing the velocity storage time constant would lead to integration over a wider range of frequencies, resulting in more noise in the brain's estimate of motion. Simulation results show this accuracy-precision tradeoff. Recent evidence is also reviewed supporting the hypothesis that the brain optimizes the velocity storage time constant to resolve this accuracy-precision tradeoff during aging and with variations in stimulus amplitude.
Laser-Driven High-Velocity Microparticle Launcher In Atmosphere And Under Vacuum

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to launch single microparticles at high velocities under low vacuum conditions. In an all-optical table-top method, microparticles with sizes ranging from a few microns to tens of microns are accelerated to supersonic velocities depending on the particle mass. The acceleration is performed through a laser ablation process and the particles are monitored in free space using an ultra-high-speed multi-frame camera with nanosecond time resolution. Under low vacuum, we evaluate the current platform performance by measuring particle velocities for a range of particle types and sizes, and demonstrate blast wave suppression and drag reduction under vacuum. Showing an impact on polyethylene, we demonstrate the capability of the experimental setup to study materials behavior under high-velocity impact. The present method is relevant to space applications, particularly to rendezvous missions where velocities range from tens of m/s to a few km/s, as well as to a wide range of terrestrial applications including impact bonding and impact-induced erosion.
Weight Gain and Growth After Fundoplication in the Pediatric Patient: A Case Report in the Pediatric Patient With Cystic Fibrosis and Literature Review

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common among infants, but when symptoms become troublesome, that is defined as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Making a diagnosis of GERD is difficult because there is no gold standard. GERD can be especially problematic for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). There are signs and symptoms (ie, malnutrition, recurring aspiration pneumonias, refusal to eat, wheezing, coughing, and asthma) in addition to invasive and noninvasive methods used to determine a diagnosis. The treatments for GERD span from nonpharmacological to surgical, with a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication being the gold standard of surgical intervention. Although surgical interventions have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms associated with GERD, there is little known about the weight/growth-related outcomes. This case report discusses an infant with CF and GERD requiring multiple interventions and ultimately a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and the weight changes from presurgery to postsurgery. The case report is expanded upon with a structured literature review of fundoplication and growth studies. There were 4 available studies that assessed changes in weight/growth before and after fundoplication among children with GERD. Because of the heterogeneity of the nutrition outcomes used, the weight/growth benefits after fundoplication are unclear at this time. Further research in needed to assess the nutrition outcomes among patients with GERD requiring fundoplication.
Decentralized Stochastic Non-Convex Optimization over Weakly Connected Time-Varying Digraphs

In this paper, we consider decentralized stochastic non-convex optimization over a class of weakly connected digraphs. First, we quantify the convergence behaviors of the weight matrices of this type of digraphs. By leveraging the perturbed push sum protocol and gradient tracking techniques, we propose a decentralized stochastic algorithm that is able to converge to the first-order stationary points of non-convex problems with provable convergence rates. Our digraph structure considered in this work generalizes the existing settings such that the proposed algorithm can be applied to more practical decentralized learning scenarios. Numerical results showcase the strengths of our theory and superiority of the proposed algorithm in decentralized training problems compared with the existing counterparts.
Chapter 16 – Food Extruders

Food extruders can be visualized as a high temperature short time (HTST) device that can transform a variety of raw ingredients into intermediate and finished products. Extrusion technology provides several different advantages over traditional methods of food and feed processing. Extrusion is simply the operation of shaping a plastic or dough-like material by forcing it through a restriction or die. A food extruder is a device that expedites the shaping and restructuring process for food ingredients. Extrusion is a highly versatile operation that can be applied to a variety of food processes. Extruders can be used to cook, form, mix, texturize, and shape food products under conditions that favor quality retention, high productivity, and low cost. There are several different types of extruders available in the market. This may cause confusion for food manufacturers when selecting a proper extruder for food production.
Variant analysis of a patient with dyshormonogenesis due to congenital hypothyroidism

Objective To carry out variant analysis for a Chinese boy featuring dyshormonogenesis due to congenital hypothyroidism. Methods DNA of the patient and his parents was extracted and sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. The results were validated with Sanger sequencing and analyzed with Bioinformatics software. Results Sequencing result showed that the patient has carried compound variants of c. 2654G>T (p.Arg885Leu) and c. 943G>T (p.Gly315X) of the DUOX2 gene, which were inherited respectively from his mother and father. Conclusion The missense mutation c. 2654G>T and nonsense mutation c. 943G>T probably underlie the disease in this child. Key words: Dyshormonogenesis; Congonital hypothyroidism; DUOX2 gene; High-throughput sequencing
Structure and Characterization of a Covalent Inhibitor of Src Kinase

Unregulated Src activity promotes malignant processes in cancer, but no Src-directed targeted therapies are used clinically, possibly because early Src inhibitors produce off-target effects leading to toxicity. Improved selective Src inhibitors may enable Src-directed therapies. Previously, we reported an irreversible Src inhibitor, DGY-06-116, based on the hybridization of dasatinib and a promiscuous covalent kinase probe SM1-71. Here, we report biochemical and biophysical characterization of this compound. An x-ray co-crystal structure of DGY-06-116: Src shows a covalent interaction with the kinase p-loop and occupancy of the back hydrophobic kinase pocket, explaining its high potency, and selectivity. However, a reversible analog also shows similar potency. Kinetic analysis shows a slow inactivation rate compared to other clinically approved covalent kinase inhibitors, consistent with a need for p-loop movement prior to covalent bond formation. Overall, these results suggest that a strong reversible interaction is required to allow sufficient time for the covalent reaction to occur. Further optimization of the covalent linker may improve the kinetics of covalent bond formation.
A Review on Hot Tearing of Steels

Hot tearing is a common solidification defect in both continuous cast steels and foundry shaped castings, which has a significant impact on the quality of the final products. It is a complex phenomenon that involves both the thermal and mechanical conditions and chemical element segregation that evolves during casting process. Over several decades, much effort has been invested into improving our understanding of the conditions required for the occurrence of hot tearing and to relate these conditions with casting parameters, like casting speed in continuous cast process, alloy composition, cooling conditions, etc. This review summarizes the results from previous investigations that have focused on the hot tearing phenomenon of steels, including criteria for hot tearing, experimental methods, and several validated models for different testing methods. The factors that influence hot tearing sensitivity are also reviewed and discussed in the present work.
Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth in Airframe Structures

The paper describes the general proposal, function and performance of a prognostics system for fatigue crack growth in airframe structures. Prognostic capabilities are important to a superior Structural Health Monitoring System (SHM). An aim of the prognosis is estimation / prediction of a system / subsystem / structure remaining life, i.e. the time at which damage (crack, corrosion, wear, delamination, disbonding, etc.) will result in a failure of the considered element.
Does personality "Trump" ideology? narcissism predicts support for Trump via ideological tendencies.

Former US President Donald Trump’s 2016 election victory defied expectations. Trump was an unconventional candidate, and his presidency was true to form. What accounts for his popularity? Integrati...
Standardizing ovarian cancer surgery and peri-operative care: a European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) consensus statement.

In select patients with advanced ovarian cancer, primary cytoreductive surgery remains a standard approach with the aim of complete resection of all gross visible tumor.[1][1] Prior data have demonstrated that survival outcomes are driven by geographical access and the use of specialized referral
Preference-balancing motion planning under stochastic disturbances

Physical stochastic disturbances, such as wind, often affect the motion of robots that perform complex tasks in real-world conditions. These disturbances pose a control challenge because resulting drift induces uncertainty and changes in the robot's speed and direction. This paper presents an online control policy based on supervised machine learning, Least Squares Axial Sum Policy Approximation (LSAPA), that generates trajectories for robotic preference-balancing tasks under stochastic disturbances. The task is learned offline with reinforcement learning, assuming no disturbances, and then trajectories are planned online in the presence of disturbances using the current observed information. We model the robot as a stochastic control-affine system with unknown dynamics impacted by a Gaussian process, and the task as a continuous Markov Decision Process. Replacing a traditional greedy policy, LSAPA works for high-dimensional control-affine systems impacted by stochastic disturbances and is linear in the input dimensionality. We verify the method for Swing-free Aerial Cargo Delivery and Rendezvous tasks. Results show that LSAPA selects an input an order of magnitude faster than comparative methods, rejecting a range of stochastic disturbances. Further, experiments on a quadrotor demonstrate that LSAPA trajectories that are suitable for physical systems.
Crystallization studies of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Crystals of catalytic subunit diffract to 3.5 A resolution.

Abstract The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from porcine heart has been crystallized in several different crystal forms. One of these forms diffracts to 3.5 A resolution. It is in monoclinic space group P21 with a = 64.24 A , b = 143.58 A , c = 48.40 A , α = γ = 90 ° and β = 106.9 °.