cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spinning the Stories of our Lives

SUMMARY The way people talk about past events can affect the way they remember them (Tversky & Marsh, 2000). The current research explores how people naturally talk about events from their own lives. Participants recorded what, when, and how they told others about events from their lives. In general, participants talked about recent emotional events, and told them primarily to peers in order to convey facts and/or to entertain. Not all distorted retellings were regarded as ‘inaccurate.’ Participants labeled 61% of their retellings as distorted (containing exaggerations, omissions, minimizations, or additions) but only 42% of their retellings as inaccurate. Social context shaped the stories people told: they changed stories for different audiences; they exaggerated to entertain and simplified to inform. People construct stories as they retrieve and use memories in a social context. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Major regulatory factors in the evolution of development: the roles of goosecoid and Msx in the evolution of the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma.

SUMMARY The transcription factors Gsc and Msx are expressed in the oral ectoderm of the indirect-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris tuberculata. Their patterns of expression are highly modified in the direct developer Heliocidaris erythrogramma, which lacks an oral ectoderm. We here test the hypothesis that they are large effect genes responsible for the loss of the oral ectoderm module in the direct-developing larva of H. erythrogramma as well as for the restoration of an overt oral ectoderm in H.e. � H.t. hybrids. We undertook misexpression/overexpression and knockdown assays in the two species and in hybrids by mRNA injection. The results indicate that dramatic changes of function of these transcription factors has occurred. One of these genes, Gsc, has the ability when misexpressed to partially restore oral ectoderm in H. erythrogramma. On the other hand, Msx has lost any oral function and instead has a role in mesoderm proliferation and patterning. In addition, we found that the H. tuberculata Gscis up regulated inH.e. � H.t. hybrids, showing a preferential use of the indirect developing parental gene in the development of the hybrid. We suggest that Gsc qualifies as a gene of large evolutionary effect and is partially responsible for the evolution of direct development of H. erythrogramma. We discuss these results in light of modularity and genetic networks in development, as well as in their implications for the rapid evolution of large morphological changes in development.
Effects of the 1992 Los Angeles civil unrest: Post traumatic stress disorder symptomatology among law enforcement officers

Abstract This study examined the psychological impact of the April 29, 1992 Los Angeles civil unrest on the stress levels of law enforcement officers. Levels of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers assigned to a major riot area were evaluated. Factors implicated in individual coping processes after a traumatic event were examined. Furthermore, police officers' perceptions of the event were examined. One hundred forty-one officers (123 males, 18 females) assigned to two South Central Los Angeles police precincts during the Los Angeles, April 1992 disturbances replied to the questionnaire. The questionnaire included four instruments: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, Moos' Coping Responses Inventory, the Police Perception Survey, and a demographic survey. The results indicate that 17 percent of the officers who responded are experiencing stress symptomatology. Findings further indicate that these officers are twice as likely to use approximately twice the avoidance coping strategies than are their counterparts without symptomatology. Results indicate a positive relationship of PTSD symptomatology with cognitive avoidance, acceptance or resignation, and emotional discharge; and they suggest an inverse relationship between PTSD symptomatology and seeking support and information, and seeking alternative rewards.
Exact solutions to operator differential equations

In this talk we consider the Heisenberg equations of motion {dot q} = {minus}i(q, H), {dot p} = {minus}i(p, H), for the quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian H(p, q) having one degree of freedom. It is a commonly held belief that such operator differential equations are intractable. However, a technique is presented here that allows one to obtain exact, closed-form solutions for huge classes of Hamiltonians. This technique, which is a generalization of the classical action-angle variable methods, allows us to solve, albeit formally and implicitly, the operator differential equations of two anharmonic oscillators whose Hamiltonians are H = p{sup 2}/2 + q{sup 4}/4 and H = p{sup 4}/4 + q{sup 4}/4.
Dispensable role of PTEN in mouse spermatogenesis

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) plays critical roles in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration and transformation. A role of PTEN in mammalian spermatogenesis, however, has not been explored. To address this question, we generated a mouse model with PTEN conditional knockout in postnatal male germ cells. We found that spermatogenesis was normal in PTEN-deleted male germ cells. PTEN conditional mutant males produced sperm and sired offspring as competently as wild-type littermates. Moreover, our biochemical analysis also indicated that the Akt (acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8 in rodent T cell lymphoma) signalling pathway was not affected in mutant testis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PTEN is dispensable in mouse spermatogenesis.
Recovery from traumatic experience in rats: Specific “treatment” vs. passage of time

Abstract An experiment, using rats, was designed to delineate the relative importance of experimental extinction as compared to spontaneous extinction during the passage of time in recovery from a learned fear. It was found that early extinction experiences promoted a quicker recovery from trauma. There was some indication that spontaneous factors occurring during the passage of time may be co-responsible. It continues to be important to sift out and evaluate any spontaneous factors in recovery from an emotional deviation.
Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder among College Students in Health Care Disciplines

Given the increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), coupled with its complex and diverse nature, health care professionals require some degree of knowledge and training about this dis...
A Moufang loop, the exceptional Jordan algebra, and a cubic form in 27 variables

Abstract Let I be the exceptional 27-dimensional Jordan algebra over C . Its automorphism group is the Lie group F4 C and this group is known to have a finite subgroup AL, where A is a self centralizing elementary abelian of order 27, L≅SL(3, 3), and L normalizes A. As an A-module, I decomposes into a direct sum of 1-dimensional spaces I x which afford the 27 distinct linear characters xϵA^:=Hom(A, C x). These spaces satisfy I x I y = I xy. Let ω = e 2πi 3 . There are a basis of I of the form ex, for xϵA^, and a function g:A^×A^→ F 3 such that (∗) exey = (−2)e(x, y) ωg(x, y)exy, where c(x, y) = 0 if x and y are linearly dependent and c(x,y) = 1 otherwise. Identifying A^ with F 33, we write x = (x1, x2, x3) and y = (y1, y2, y3). A function g which has the above properties is g(x,y) = −x1,x2,x3 − x3,y1,y2 + x2,x3,y1 + x1,y2,y3. The elements ex|x ϵ A^ generate the infinite commutative loop L :={(−2)mωnex|mϵ Z , nϵ Z 3, xϵA^} under Jordan multiplication. The loop S is not Moufang but has as quotient a Moufang loop M of order 81 and exponent 3. Conversely, the loop M may be constructed from scratch (using g) and used to define the Jordan algebra I using the formula (∗); this gives a new existence proof for a simple 27-dimensional Jordan algebra over fields of characteristic not 2 or 3 with a primitive cube root of unity (in characteristic 3, we get the group algebra of A^). We discuss some finite groups associated to M and the Lie groups F4( C ) and 3E6( C ) and compare the analogous situation with the loop O 16, the Cayley numbers, and Lie groups G2( C ) and D4( C ). We also get a new construction of the cubic form in 27 variables whose group is 3E6( C ) and an easy and natural construction of the exotic 3-local subgroup 31+3+3:SL(3, 3).
A feasibility study of UML in the software defined radio

This paper studies the feasibility of using UML in software defined radio (SDR). The contributions of the study are in three areas: 1) SDR is used as an example to elaborate the UML for hardware software co-design in embedded communication system. A hybrid UML design approach for the SDR open architecture, SCA, is elaborated in the paper. 2) Some compiler design techniques are also elaborated. The integration and mapping of UML with other languages, e.g. VHDL in the system design and hardware software is discussed as well. 3) Some extensions for UML are proposed for the real time embedded system, especially SDR.
Fast neutron radiation effects in silicon detectors fabricated by different thermal oxidation processes

High resistivity silicon detectors along with MOS capacitors made on five silicon dioxides with different thermal conditions (975 degrees C to 1200 degrees C) have been exposed to fast neutron irradiation up to the fluence of a few times 10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/. New measurement techniques such as capacitance-voltage of MOS capacitors and current-voltage and back-to-back diodes (p/sup +/-n/sup -/-p/sup +/ if n/sup -/ is not inverted to p) or resistors (p/sup +/-p-p/sup +/ if inverted) have been introduced in this study in monitoring the possible type-inversion (n to p) under high neutron fluence. No type-inversion in the material underneath SiO/sub 2/ and the p/sup +/ contact has been observed for detectors made on the five oxides up to the neutron fluence of a few times 10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. However, it has been found that detectors made on higher temperature oxides (>or=1100 degrees C) exhibited less leakage current increase at high neutron fluence. >
Insulin analog therapy: improving the match with physiologic insulin secretion.

Context: Among the growing population of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, many patients are failing to meet glycemic targets and are therefore at increased risk of complications. Data Overview: Rapid-acting insulin analogs (ie, aspart, lispro, glulisine) have a pharmacokinetic profile that mirrors endogenous insulin more closely than regular human insulin. These insulin analogs can also be given closer to mealtimes and are less likely to cause hypoglycemia. Long-acting insulin analogs (ie, detemir, glargine) have relatively flat time-action profiles and last up to 24 hours, thus simulating endogenous basal insulin more precisely than neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin and producing less nocturnal hypoglycemia. The simplicity and efficacy of insulin analogs should help facilitate a patient’s transition to insulin therapy. Current guidelines advocate starting insulin therapy in patients who have not achieved glycemic targets or those with glycated hemoglobin greater than 8.5% and adjusting doses as necessary. Two case studies illustrate the benefits of insulin analog therapy. Conclusions: Insulin analogs offer many benefits over human insulins, including improved physiologic profile, greater convenience, reduced risk of hypoglycemia, and, in some instances, less weight gain. Combined, these elements may increase a patient’s adherence to treatment, potentially increasing the level of glycemic control and improving the prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Semi-Definite Programming for Power Output Control in a Wind Energy Conversion System

One of the key issues in wind energy is the control design of the wind energy conversion system to achieve an expected performance under both the power system and mechanical constraints which are subject to stochastic wind speeds. Quadratic control methods are widely used in the literature for such purposes, e.g., linear quadratic Gaussian and model predictive control. In this paper, the chance constraints are considered to address the stochastic behavior of the wind speed fluctuation on control inputs and system outputs instead of deterministic constraints in the literature. Also considered are the two different models: the first one assumes that the wind speed measurement error is Gaussian, where the chance constraints can be reduced to the deterministic constraints with Gaussian statistics; whereas the second one assumes that the error is norm bounded, which is likely more realistic to the practicing engineers, and the problem is formulated as a min-max optimization problem which has not been considered in the literature. Then, both of the models are formulated as semi-definite programming optimization problems that can be solved efficiently with existing software tools. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Attention attenuates metacontrast masking.

The influence of attention on perceptual awareness was examined using metacontrast masking. Attention was manipulated with endogenous cues to assess the effects on the temporal and spatial parameters of target visibility. Experiment 1 examined the time course of effective masking when the target and mask set were presented at an attended vs. an unattended location. The valid allocation of attention decreased the magnitude of the masking effect (i.e. increased visibility) for approximately 80 ms. Furthermore, even with spatial displacements of the target and mask and center-to-center separations of 1.5° or 2.7° of visual angle (Experiment 2), target visibility was increased when attention was validly allocated. These results indicate that attention influences low-level visual processes to enhance visual awareness.
Nutrient effects on the composition of salt marsh plant communities along the southern atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States

Nutrient availability is known to mediate plant community structure in many systems, but relatively few studies of nutrient effects have been done in systems where strong gradients in physical stress might constrain the effects of nutrients. Recent studies in New England, United States, salt marshes indicate that nutrients may strongly mediate plant community composition by increasing the competitive ability of stress-tolerant species that are normally displaced by competition to recently-disturbed or low-intertidal habitats. It is unknown whether these results can be generalized to salt marshes in other geographic regions that experience different climates, tidal regimes, and edaphic conditions. To address the generality of these results from New England, we fertilized seven different mixtures of salt marsh plants at study sites on the southeast and Gulf coasts of the U.S. Two of these mixtures were studied in both geographic regions. Consistent with results from New England, fertilization always increased the biomass of the low-marsh dominantSpartina alterniflora and usually led to it increasing in dominance at the expense of high-marsh species. Fertilization also led to increased community dominance byDistichlis, but only in a mixture where it was already common. Fertilization led to changes in plant dominance patterns in four of the seven types of mixtures that we studied. Results were not a function of edaphic conditions, at least within the range included in our study, and were consistent between the southeastern and Gulf coasts, which experience markedly different tidal regimes. The broad similarity of these results suggests that changes in nutrient input may lead to predictable changes in the composition of similar salt marsh plant communities across large geographic areas despite site to site variation in the abiotic environment.
Global practical stabilization for integrator chain with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances

In this paper, we revisit the problem of disturbance rejection for an integrator chain system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. The goal is to design a nonlinear state feedback law to globally practically stabilize the closed-loop system, which means that any closed-loop system trajectory will converge to any arbitrarily small closed set where the origin is inside. The numerical examples will show the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
On the Application of Game-Theoretic Mechanism Design for Resource Allocation in Multimedia Systems

In this paper, we study the system-level computational resource allocation problem among multiple multimedia tasks. We consider the multimedia tasks to be autonomous, i.e., they are selfish and behave strategically. We propose a resource allocation framework based on mechanism design to prevent the tasks from behaving strategically and manipulating the available system resources. We apply two mechanisms in the framework and assess their advantages over proportional-share resource allocation algorithms, which are often used in multimedia systems. We show in the simulations that the incorporation of mechanism design for system resource allocation is a promising solution that achieves efficient, fair and robust allocation against manipulation from strategic applications.
SERGEANT: A framework for building more flexible web agents by exploiting a search engine

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web, there is growing interest in developing web agents that interact with online services to acquire information. However, finding the online services perfectly suited for a given task is not always feasible. First, the agents might not be given sufficient information to fill in the required input fields for querying an online service. Second, the online service might generate only partial information. Third, the agents might need to know the information about B by some input set A, but they can only find the online services that generate A from B. Fourth, most of the online services do not tolerate errors in the inputs, thus even a minor typo in the input field can hinder them from generating any meaningful results. This paper proposes SERGEANT, a framework for building flexible web agents that handle these imperfect situations. In this framework we exploit an information retrieval (IR) system as a general discovery tool to assist finding and pruning information. To demonstrate SERGEANT, we implemented two web agents: the Internet inverse geocoder and the address lookup module. Our experiments show that these agents are capable of generating high-quality results under imperfect situations.
Negative feedback action of progesterone on tonic luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe: dependence on the ovaries.

The ability of physiological increments in circulating progesterone to inhibit tonic LH secretion in the ewe was investigated in several experimental settings. Progesterone was administered sc by means of Silastic implants containing the steroid. The implants maintained circulating progesterone at levels which were similar to those observed during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. In long-term ovariectomized ewes, a sustained elevation in circulating progesterone effected a significant reduction in serum LH concentrations, but mean LH levels during progesterone treatment remained more than 20-fold greater than those observed during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. In other ewes in which this treatment was initiated immediately following ovariectomy, physiological increments in circulating progesterone prevented the typical post-castration rise in serum LH concentrations and maintained circulating LH at midluteal phase levels. This response was shortlived, however, as circulating LH incr...
Implementing IPv6 as a peer-to-peer overlay network

This paper proposes to implement an IPv6 routing infrastructure as a self-organizing overlay network on top of the current IPv4 infrastructure. The overlay network builds upon a distributed IPv6 edge router with a master/slave architecture. We show how different slaves can be constructed to tunnel through NATs and firewalls, as well as to improve robustness of the routing infrastructure and to provide efficient and resilient implementations for features such as multicast, anycast, and mobile IP using currently available peer-to-peer (P2P) protocols. The resulting IPv6 overlay network would restore the end-to-end property of the original Internet, support evolution and dynamic updating of the protocols running on the overlay network, make available IPv6 and the associated features to network applications immediately, and provide an ideal underlying infrastructure for P2P applications, without changing networking hardware and software in the core Internet.
Tube Placement: A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind Study

Bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement is the second most frequently performed pediatric surgical procedure, next to circumcision. Postoperative pain relief for children undergoing this procedure has been an ongoing concern. The authors undertook a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in 200 consecutive children to investigate the efficacy of oral acetaminophen, acetaminophen with codeine, ibuprofen, and placebo administered preoperatively in relieving postoperative pain in children undergoing this procedure. All children received topical analgesia consisting of antibiotic eardrops mixed with 4% lidocaine intraoperatively. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain score between the four groups (P > 0.4447). Thus it is likely that the intraoperative administration of antibiotic eardrops mixed with 4% lidocaine is all that is required to alleviate postoperative pain in children undergoing myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement. Preoperative oral analgesics are apparently of little added benefit.
Repair of a deficient abductor mechanism with Achilles tendon allograft after total hip replacement.

Background: Abductor mechanism insufficiency after total hip arthroplasty is a rare but debilitating problem. The diagnosis is difficult, and when the condition is recognized there are few successful treatment options. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with a surgical technique involving use of a fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft with an attached calcaneal bone graft to reconstruct a deficient abductor mechanism after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: From 2003 to 2006, we performed seven abductor reconstructions with an Achilles tendon allograft in patients with abductor deficiency after total hip arthroplasty. At a mean of twenty-nine months after the total hip arthroplasty, all seven patients had symptoms of lateral hip pain and abductor muscle weakness as demonstrated by a Trendelenburg test. The abductor tendon rupture was diagnosed on the basis of an arthrogram and was confirmed at surgery. Results: Before the reconstruction, the average Harris hip score was 34.7 points and the average pain score was 11.4 points. After a minimum duration of follow-up of twenty-four months, the average Harris hip score was 85.9 points and the average pain score was 38.9 points. Conclusions: Abductor reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft with a calcaneal bone block attached to the greater trochanter can produce substantial relief of pain, increased abductor muscle strength, decreased limp, and improvements in the Trendelenburg sign and in function at the time of early follow-up. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
GPS RAIM: Screening Out Bad Geometries Under Worst-Case Bias Conditions

GPS Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring @AIM) has received considerable attention at navigation meetings over the past few years. This is understandable because a GPS Integrity Channel (GIG) is still a few years away, and the GPS user community will have to rely on RAIM for some time. There are two parts to any RAIM algorithm. On the one hand, there is the decision-rule part which formally gives the procedure for detection of a navigation failure. On the other hand, there must be a procedure for screening out bad satellite geometries. There are geometries that may be satisfactory for navigation purposes but that cannot provide failure detection within the required specifications. These are the cases of bad integrity geometries where there is a relatively high probability of missed detection of navigation failure induced by a satellite failure with a gradually increasing bias. Declaring such geometries as inadmissible diminishes the RAIM availability, so the algorithm must not do the screening indiscriminately. This paper concentrates on the screening function of RACM. The study compares the effectiveness of the older I-IDOP,, criterion and a newer criterion called Approximate Radial-error Protected (ARP). The ARP criterion is shown to be a much more reliable measure of navigation failure detection than HDOPmax. The results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations are presented. In the process of establishing reliable ceiling levels for the ARP figure-of-merit for various phases of flight, it was found necessary to determine empirically the worst-case satellite bii that was applicable in each case. Results of this study are also presented. The ARP method is further investigated and its properties illuminated. The main contribution is a reliable criterion for screening out bad detection geometries. This screening criterion is straight-forward and can be readily implemented online in a GPS receiver.
Localization of the origin of the atrioventricular junctional rhythm induced during selective ablation of slow-pathway conduction in patients with atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia

During radiofrequency catheter ablation of slow atrioventricular node pathway conduction in patients with atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia, an atrioventricular junction rhythm is frequently observed. The origin and relation to ablation success of this junctional rhythm was examined in this study. By using standard intracardiac electrophysiology techniques, we studied the radiofrequency energy-induced atrioventricular junctional rhythm in 43 consecutive patients with atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia undergoing selective ablation of slow-pathway conduction. The frequency of atrioventricular junctional activity was correlated with successful and unsuccessful attempts at ablation of slow-pathway conduction. Also, we compared the sequence of retrograde atrial activation of radiofrequency energy-induced atrioventricular junctional beats in a subgroup of 22 patients with the retrograde activation sequence observed during pacing from the right ventricular apex and the site of successful ablation of slow-pathway conduction. A total of 201 radiofrequency-energy applications was delivered in 43 patients with > or = 5 atrioventricular junctional beat(s) induced during 110 (55%) of 201 ablation attempts. Atrioventricular junctional activity was noted during 98% of successful ablations but only 43% of the unsuccessful attempts (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 57%; negative predictive value, 99%). The mean time to appearance of atrioventricular junctional beats was 8.8 +/- 4.1 sec (mean +/- SD) after the onset of radiofrequency-energy application. In 22 (100%) of 22 patients in whom detailed atrial mapping was performed, the retrograde atrial activation sequence of the radiofrequency-induced atrioventricular junctional beats was earliest in the anterior atrial septum, identical to that seen during pacing from the right ventricular apex. Earliest retrograde atrial activation was at the posterior septum in all patients during pacing from the successful ablation site, a markedly different activation pattern compared with that seen during either radiofrequency ablation or ventricular pacing. Whereas the occurrence of atrioventricular junctional activity during radiofrequency ablation does not necessarily herald a successful ablation of slow atrioventricular node pathway conduction, its absence strongly suggests that the energy is being applied in an unsuccessful fashion. Furthermore, it appears that radiofrequency energy-induced atrioventricular junctional beats originate not from the endocardium in contact with the ablating catheter tip but instead appear to exit remotely from the anterior atrial septal region. This finding supports the existence of specialized tissues in the atrioventricular junction that preferentially transmit the effects of radiofrequency energy to an anterior exit site, possibly identical to the atrial exit site of the retrograde fast atrioventricular node conduction pathway.
Feedback multiplier flat-panel television: IV&#8212;Anode sensing

Anode sensing is a negative feedback circuit technique that allows feedback multipliers with inherently nonuniform outputs to be used in an electron source array for a flat TV display. Fundamentals are covered including a distinctive characteristic of anode sensing called negative spread. Circuit specifications are calculated based on characteristics of experimental feedback multiplier cells and required output uniformity. Some additional system problems are discussed.
The local environment of trivalent lanthanide ions in sodium silicate glasses: A neutron diffraction study using isotopic substitution

Neutron diffraction data on lanthanide-bearing sodium silicate glasses were collected using the glass, liquid and amorphous materials diffractometer (GLAD) at the intense pulsed neutron source (IPNS), Argonne. Measurements were made on four glass samples; a sodium silicate base glass with no added lanthanide, a sample with 6 mol% La2O3 added to the base composition, and two isotopically-distinct samples containing 6 mol% Dy2O3. Of the Dy-bearing samples, one contained natural enrichment Dy, and the other a ‘null scattering’ mixture of natural and 162Dy isotopes. The first-order isotope difference of the scattering from the Dy-bearing samples revealed a Dy–O nearest-neighbor distance of 2.3 A and a mean coordination number of 5.9 oxygen atoms around each dysprosium ion; the latter is in good agreement with the coordination number derived from bond–valence theory. The results for the La-bearing glass were also consistent with a sixfold coordination of oxygen atoms around the rare earth. The diffraction data are used in combination with Reverse Monte Carlo modeling techniques to interpreter the structural role of the rare earth ions. From these models, it is apparent that there is competition between monovalent sodium ions and the rare earth ions for the same non-bridging oxygen atoms. As a result the addition of rare earth ions appears to cause disruption of the Na-rich percolation domains characteristic of the sodium silicate base glass. These neutron results are consistent with the formation of a specific lanthanide Q3 as suggested by NMR and Raman spectroscopy, but offer no direct evidence for the formation of ‘oxide-like’ lanthanide clusters.
Generation Y and Online Advertising: Perceptions and Preferences of Social Media Networking Sites

Because most people consider advertising an irritant and a distraction and would avoid it should there be an alternative, advertising agencies strive to utilize the interactive, demassifying, and asynchronous qualities of newer technologies to create an appealing advertisement. The current study investigates whether college students’ attitudes toward advertising on traditional media are different when online advertising is used, especially on Social Media Networking Sites (SMNSs). Employing the concept of reciprocity (of replicating offline attitudes online) and the flow theory that relates one’s concentration on an activity and its impact on other occurrences happening around him or her, 287 college students responded to a questionnaire on their perceptions of online advertising, their preferred SMNS, and the SMNS on which they would consider viewing an advertising message. The results showed that 57.8% of the participants avoid online advertising at all costs, which is similar to their offline perception of advertising. Some 42.2% reported that they may consider viewing online advertising if the attributes of relevance, interest, creativity, and interactivity are present, as in viral advertisement. In addition, among the four SMNSs reviewed — Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and LinkedIn — a majority of students indicated that Facebook is their preferred site for online advertising because it allows for creativity and they consider those messages credible, especially if their Facebook friends tagged, liked, or shared the advertisement.
HOST ACCEPTANCE TRIALS OF PARASITOIDS FROM INDIAN PARATACHARDINA LOBATA (HEMIPTERA: KERRIIDAE) ON THE INVASIVE LOBATE LAC SCALE IN FLORIDA

Abstract The invasive lobate lac scale identified as Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Keriidae), native to southern India and Sri Lanka, is a severe threat to native and economic plants in southern Florida. In an attempt to find appropriate control against the invasive scale, 3 parasitoid species associated with P. lobata in its native southern India were tested in host acceptance trials in quarantine. Ooencyrtus kerriae Hayat (Encyrtidae) and Coccophagus parlobatae Hayat (Aphelinidae) drill their ovipositor through the rigid lac covering of the scale, whereas Aprostocetus bangaloricus Narendran (Eulophidae) oviposits into the anal pore of the scale. Despite this apparent oviposition behavior, their reproduction on lobate lac scale in these tests failed. Ooencyrtus kerriae and C. parlobatae yielded insignificant numbers of offspring and A. bangaloricus did not reproduce on lobate lac scale in Florida. To investigate the lack of offspring, scales were dissected 2 months after parasitoid ovipo...
Context in mobile system design: characterization, theory, and implications

Context information brings new opportunities for efficient and effective applications and services on mobile devices. Many existing work exploit the context dependency of mobile usage for specific applications, and show significant, quantified, performance gains by utilizing context. In order to be practical, such works often pay careful attention to the energy and processing costs of context awareness while attempting to maintain reasonable accuracy. These works also have to deal with the challenges of multiple sources of context, which can lead to a sparse training data set. Even with the abundance of such work, quantifying context-dependency and the relationship between context-dependency and performance achievements remains an open problem, and solutions to manage the challenges of context awareness remain ad-hoc. To this end, this dissertation methodologically quantifies and measures the context dependency of three principal types of mobile usage in a methodological, application agnostic yet practical manner. The three usages are the websites that users visit, the phone numbers they call, and the apps (i.e. purchased or preinstalled applications) they use. While this dissertation measures the context dependency of these three usage, its methodology can be readily extended to other context-dependent mobile usage and system resources. This dissertation further presents SmartContext, a framework to systematically optimize the energy cost of context awareness by selecting among different context sources, while satisfying system designers' cost-accuracy tradeoffs. Finally, this thesis investigates the collective effect of social context on mobile usage, by separating and comparing LiveLab users based on their socioeconomic status. The analysis and findings are based on usage and context traces collected in real-life settings from 24 iPhone users over one year. This dissertation presents findings regarding the context dependency of three principal types of mobile usage; visited websites, phone calls, and app usage. The methodology and lessons presented here can be readily extended to other forms of context and context-dependent usage and resources. They guide the development of context aware systems, and highlight the challenges and expectations regarding the context dependency of mobile usage.
Hate Thy Neighbor: Violent Racial Exclusion and the Persistence of Segregation

This Article addresses one of the consequences of racial segregation in housing - violence and intimidation directed at minorities who are integrating white neighborhoods. In describing the history and dynamics of this type of anti-integrationist crime, the Article seeks to offer an introduction to the setting of hate crimes in a neighborhood context. The Article provides a critical bridge between hate crime law and housing law, exploring the substantial difficulties when each of these legal remedies is used to combat this type of violence. The Article concludes by offering a series of solutions uniquely crafted to combat the problem of bias-motivated violence in the neighborhood context.
Factors related to telomere length.

We appreciate the comments by Tasdemir and Oz on our recent paper in Brain, Behavior & Immunity (Prather et al., 2015). The question of what is “causing bad sleep” is certainly an important one, and the authors list some of the key culprits (e.g., excess alcohol consumption, caffeine at night, and menopausal symptoms). However, their question is distinctly different from the question addressed in our paper (i.e., what is the relationship between global sleep quality and immune cell telomere length?). Immune cell telomere length was our outcome of interest, while PSQI global sleep quality served as our predictor. Like any careful researcher, before determining whether global sleep quality served as a unique predictor of immune cell telomere length, we first wanted to statistically control for other variables well-known to account for variance in telomere length (i.e., age, race, BMI, sleep apnea risk, and perceived stress). Decisions about covariate adjustment were based on the well-established existing literature. In contrast, the factors proposed by Tasdemir and Oz, while they may influence one’s global sleep quality, have not been consistently or ever associated with telomere length. One exception is tobacco use, which is inconsistently related (Mirabello et al., 2009; Weischer et al.,2014). However, only one participant in our sample reported current tobacco use, which is why it was not included as a covariate in our adjusted models. Therefore, we want to make it clear that the absence of the proposed variables was not an “error in typing the paper.” Interestingly, when we go back to the data, none of the factors raised by Tasdemir and Oz were statistically significantly related to PSQI global sleep quality or age-adjusted immune cell telomere length. All that said, we agree that understanding the contributors to poor sleep, which in turn may affect markers of immune cell aging, is critical as it will illuminate opportunities for targeted interventions. Documenting a link between poor global sleep quality and accelerated immune cell aging is an important first step.
Plain Radiographs are a Useful Substitute for Computed Tomography in Evaluating Acetabular Cup Version.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to compare acetabular component version measurements from cross-table lateral (XTL) radiographs, anteroposterior pelvis (AP-P) and anteroposterior hip (AP-H) radiographs, and axial pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods One hundred fifty hips met our inclusion criteria of having a CT, XTL, and AP-P done postoperatively. Version was measured by 2 authors. Pearson regression analysis assessed correlation between versions of the modalities. Analysis of variance testing compared the averages of the values as a whole and based on demographics. When available, comparisons were also done with AP-H radiographs. Results Mean version for XTL and CT scan was 21.7° and 23.8°, respectively, whereas that from AP-P and AP-H radiographs was 12.5° and 17.2°, respectively. XTL and AP-H version measures were closely correlated with CT ( P = .81), whereas AP-P measurements were only moderately correlated with CT ( P = .75). AP-P and AP-H were significantly ( P P = .36). Conclusion The XTL radiograph remains a useful, cheaper, and safer substitute for CT scan when assessing supine version in the postoperative setting.
Alkaline Amendment for the Enhancement of Compost Degradation for Polylactic Acid Biopolymer Products

abstractThis research evaluates the addition of alkaline amendments to enhance the degradation of polylactic acid polymers (PLA) in compost conditions. The use of compostable biopolymers is increasing in part because they are advertised as compostable. However, PLA degrades slowly compared to the organic wastes in compost and even when processed in commercial composting facilities may not fully break down. This results in the accumulation of biopolymers in compost facilities and increased difficulty in identifying and removing contamination from traditional plastics. Alkaline amendments were used to accelerate the degradation of two PLA products in compost conditions. Six flasks containing food scraps, compost inoculant, and an alkaline amendment were set up as bioreactors with half containing clear PLA and the others including opaque PLA. The six bioreactors were incubated for 22 days. The mass loss and final visual inspection, including microscopy, showed increased degradation within the bioreactors con...
RNA Sequencing Quantification of Xenobiotic-Processing Genes in Various Sections of the Intestine in Comparison to the Liver of Male Mice.

Previous reports on tissue distribution of xenobiotic-processing genes (XPGs) have limitations, because many non–cytochrome P450 phase I enzymes have not been investigated, and one cannot compare the real mRNA abundance of multiple XPGs using conventional quantification methods. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify and compare the mRNA abundance of all major XPGs in the liver and intestine using RNA sequencing. The mRNA profiles of 304 XPGs, including phase I, phase II enzymes, phase II cosubstrate synthetic enzymes, xenobiotic transporters, as well as xenobiotic-related transcription factors, were systematically examined in the liver and various sections of the intestine in adult male C57BL/6J mice. By two-way hierarchical clustering, over 80% of the XPGs had tissue-divergent expression, which partitioned into liver-predominant, small intestine–predominant, and large intestine–predominant patterns. Among the genes, 54% were expressed highest in the liver, 21% in the duodenum, 4% in the jejunum, 6% in the ileum, and 15% in the large intestine. The highest-expressed XPG in the liver was Mgst1; in the duodenum, Cyp3a11; in the jejunum and ileum, Ces2e; and in the large intestine, Cyp2c55. Interestingly, XPGs in the same family usually exhibited highly different tissue distribution patterns, and many XPGs were almost exclusively expressed in one tissue and minimally expressed in others. In conclusion, the present study is among the first and the most comprehensive investigations of the real mRNA abundance and tissue-divergent expression of all major XPGs in mouse liver and intestine, which aids in understanding the tissue-specific biotransformation and toxicity of drugs and other xenobiotics.
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Modeling and Analysis of Flexible Wind Turbine Blades

In this paper, dynamic responses of large-span wind turbine blades will be modeled in a nonlinear aeroelastic framework. A strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam formulation will be used for the basic structural dynamic modeling, which will be coupled with unsteady aerodynamic equations and rigid-body rotations of the rotor. Full wind turbines can be modeled by using the multi-connected beams. With the aeroelastic framework, dynamic behavior of NREL’s 5MW wind turbine blades will be studied and correlated with available numerical data. The current work will be the basis of the authors’ further studies on flow control and hazard mitigation on wind turbine blades and towers.
Time-dependent effectiveness of locally applied vancomycin powder in a contaminated traumatic orthopaedic wound model

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of locally applied vancomycin powder at different times postinfection in a contaminated traumatic animal model. Methods This study used an established segmental defect rat femur model contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus UAMS-1 followed by treatment at 6 or 24 hours postinfection. Three treatments were evaluated: debridement and irrigation alone (control group) or in combination with either vancomycin powder or vancomycin-impregnated poly(methyl methacrylate) beads. Serum vancomycin levels were determined at scheduled time points over 14 days; bone, surrounding muscle, and implants were harvested for bacterial and inflammatory analyses. Results Locally applied vancomycin powder and impregnated beads significantly reduced bacteria both within the bone and implant when treatment was performed at 6 hours. Delaying treatment to 24 hours significantly reduced the therapeutic efficacy of locally applied vancomycin of both groups. Serum vancomycin levels were detectable in all animals treated with vancomycin powder at 24 hours, but absorption was negligible from beads. At 14 days, vancomycin was detectable in the surrounding musculature of all animals and in serum of 20% of animals treated with vancomycin powder. Conclusions This study suggests that vancomycin powder is a promising adjunctive therapy for preventing infection in traumatic wounds when treatment is performed early. This time-dependent effectiveness of vancomycin powder is similar to that observed with systemic and other local delivery adjuncts, which is likely attributable to biofilm formation after contamination, conferring intrinsic recalcitrance to antimicrobials.
Road exploration of guiding level of consumption demand to develop steadily with gradual advancement

Consumption demand is the starting point of economic operation,and it is an important component of the domestic demands.Different levels of consumption demand impact the sustainable growth of domestic economy directly,so enhancing consumption demand will play a positive role in driving economic growth.With the current investment growth being high and trade growth mode remaining to be changed,how to improve the level of residents' consumption demand and make it develop steadily with unilateral gradual advancement is the key to keeping healthy development of our national economy and a persistent source of spurring economic growth.
The Evaluation and Management of Neck Masses of Unknown Etiology

Most neck masses appearing in adults are malignant metastases. With proper evaluation the majority of primary malignant tumors can be located. The diagnosis is obtained by assembling sufficient data in the most efficient, productive, and logical way without compromising future treatment modalities. The best selection of therapeutic methods for cure or palliation is based on the histologic features of the primary malignant tumor or its metastases and their locations. At the present time the most effective treatment for cervical metastasis from an unknown primary is a combination of wide field high dose radiation therapy and surgical resection, the exact therapeutic modality being dependent on the histologic features of the metastatic mass and its location on the neck.