cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATING PEDESTRIAN EXPOSURE PREDICTION MODEL IN RURAL AREAS

"Pedestrian exposure" is defined as the exposure risk of pedestrians to collisions with motor vehicles. It is one of the important factors influencing pedestrian crashes. Because pedestrian exposure or even pedestrian volume counts are not readily available, population density is usually used as a substitute in pedestrian crash prediction models. Unfortunately, population density is not a good replacement for pedestrian exposure because it does not account for the amount of walking people do. This study investigates the relationship between the weekly pedestrian exposure in rural areas of Connecticut and factors such as population density, presence of sidewalks, number of lanes, area type, traffic control type, and median household income. General linear modeling and Tukey and Duncan multiple comparison of means methods are used to identify the significant factors. Only the number of lanes, area type, and sidewalk system significantly explain the variation in the resulting pedestrian exposure prediction m...
A quasi-free scattering model for reactions involving clusters

Abstract A master equation is used to predict spectra of the type (α, α') under the assumption that the mechanism is a quasi-free intranuclear alpha-nucleon scattering process. The treatment applied to α-clusters is general for any cluster. The parameters of the model are described, and comparisons are presented between experimental angle integrated (α, α') spectra and results of the assumed quasi-free scattering mechanism.
Success, Failure, and Personality

The cultural patterns of success and failure were defined as a two-dimensional process. The first is indicated by objective measures of achievement, the “societal” success-failure continuum; the other by the aspirations of the individual and his self perception of success or failure. Results indicate a moderate correlation (.51) between the two dimensions. Failure on both dimensions was found to be related to a poorer self concept, fewer adjustive attitudes, greater complaints of physical and mental illness symptoms and less socially desirable personality traits than found in individuals who score as successful on both criteria. Some variables were found to be primarily related to the psychological failure dimension and others primarily related to societal failure.
Molecular and Biological Characterization of Streptococcal SpyA-mediated ADP-ribosylation of Intermediate Filament Protein Vimentin

The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes produces a C3 family ADP-ribosyltransferase designated SpyA (S. pyogenes ADP-ribosyltransferase). Our laboratory has identified a number of eukaryotic protein targets for SpyA, prominent among which are the cytoskeletal proteins actin and vimentin. Because vimentin is an unusual target for modification by bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases, we quantitatively compared the activity of SpyA on vimentin and actin. Vimentin was the preferred substrate for SpyA (kcat, 58.5 ± 3.4 min−1) relative to actin (kcat, 10.1 ± 0.6 min−1), and vimentin was modified at a rate 9.48 ± 1.95-fold greater than actin. We employed tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify sites of ADP-ribosylation on vimentin. The primary sites of modification were Arg-44 and -49 in the head domain, with several additional secondary sites identified. Because the primary sites are located in a domain of vimentin known to be important for the regulation of polymerization by phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of SpyA activity on vimentin polymerization, utilizing an in vitro NaCl-induced filamentation assay. SpyA inhibited vimentin filamentation, whereas a catalytic site mutant of SpyA had no effect. Additionally, we demonstrated that expression of SpyA in HeLa cells resulted in collapse of the vimentin cytoskeleton, whereas expression in RAW 264.7 cells impeded vimentin reorganization upon stimulation of this macrophage-like cell line with LPS. We conclude that SpyA modification of vimentin occurs in an important regulatory region of the head domain and has significant functional effects on vimentin assembly.
Device Model for Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors with Organic Semiconductor Channel

We present a device model for light-emitting, ambipolar, organic field-effect transistors based on the gradual channel approximation. The model results are in very good agreement with recent experimental data. Trapping of injected carriers in localized states in the channel region is shown to be an important mechanism that can strongly affect the transfer characteristics and the light emission of these devices.
High densities and brood rearing in the antMyrmica rubra L.

1. Interaction of increasing forager numbers with nurses in a limited living space gave numbers and weight increases comparable to low density cultures in plane nests. The foraging population included a small but constant number of nurses. 2. Eight living volumes, length 1–8 cm (6 mm diam.) gave no increase of mean foraging population in the 2nd of 2 three-week periods of counting. No noticeable difference, between treatments, or from day to day was shown. An indication of density effect was shown by the two smallest cultures, otherwise the mean brood weight regressing with inside worker number supported a lack of density effect. 3. Eight living volumes, length 0.5–4 cm (4 mm diam.) gave no rapid brood but residual larval numbers regressed with relative available living space. 4. A repeat trial, 0.5–4 cm (4 mm diam.) suggested a change of worker packing with a constant number of residual larvae except in the two smallest cultures. 5. Change of packing was not successfully observed as workers maintained a tight packing pattern throughout, corresponding however to the tightly packed stage of the previous experiment. A constant fall of insiders, 10 workers/cm length was observed. 6. Brood loss in high density cultures seems likely to be caused by worker aggression. Two chewed-up larvae were observed. 7. Interaction of queen effect and high density, caused least weight gain for large, hibernated larvae although high density alone had considerable inhibitory effects. 8. Queen presence and high density had a lesser but definite effect on small hibernated larvae. Losses were greater and weight gains smaller when a queen was present at high density. She has a physical volume equivalent to 3 workers and a «behavioural» presence of the same number and these latter were excluded when space was limited.
Über einen Fall von Vergiftung mit Cephirol

Eine 25 Jahre alte Frau trinkt in suicidaler Absicht 500 cm3 Cephirol. Daran anschliesend entwickelt sich ein Vergiftunsbild, das gekennzeichnet ist durch tiefe Bewustlosigkeit, spater durch Benommenheit, Kreislaufstorungen, Nystagmus, Akkommodationsschwache und Ausfall der Bauchdeckenreflexe. Vorubergehend bestehen vegetative Storungen wie Polyurie und spastische Obstipationen. Alle diese Storungen bilden sich rasch und vollstandig zuruck. Zuletzt verschwindet der als erstes neurologisches Symptom aufgetreten Horizontalnystagmus.
Cerebral glucose transporter expression in HIV infection

Abnormalities in cerebral glucose metabolism have been demonstrated in patients with AIDS dementia complex (ADC), with increased consumption in early disease and decreased utilization in late stages. The basis of these changes is unknown. Accordingly, a pilot study was undertaken to determine whether levels of cerebral glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 were altered by HIV disease. Frontal gray and white matter membrane preparations from patients with HIV encephalitis (HIVE), HIV infection without parenchymal neuropathology, and non-infected controls were utilized in quantitative immunoblots to measure GLUT1 and GLUT3. Results were expressed as a ratio of glucose transporter to structural protein actin. Within-group patient variability was great, precluding statistically significant differences between groups for any one brain region. However, when data for gray and white matter was pooled, results obtained statistical significance, with levels of GLUT1 increasing in HIV infection without neuropathology, and declining with HIVE. Increased GLUT1 in HIV infection without parenchymal neuropathology may be important in the biology of increased glucose consumption described with early ADC. With progression to HIVE, reduced levels of glucose transporters may contribute to late stage hypometabolism.
Spatial Dependence of Technology Spillovers among Trading Partners

Previous literature suggests that trade contributes to knowledge and technology spillovers among trading partners. Using panel data and country-specific fixed effects, we show that the technology o...
Atomic-Scale Compensation Phenomena at Polar Interfaces

The interfacial screening charge that arises to compensate electric fields of dielectric or ferroelectric thin films is now recognized as the most important factor in determining the capacitance or polarization of ultrathin ferroelectrics. Here we investigate using aberration-corrected electron microscopy and density-functional theory to show how interfaces cope with the need to terminate ferroelectric polarization. In one case, we show evidence for ionic screening, which has been predicted by theory but never observed. For a ferroelectric film on an insulating substrate, we found that compensation can be mediated by an interfacial charge generated, for example, by oxygen vacancies.
The Naked Truth about the Naked This: Investigating Grammatical Prescriptivism in Technical Communication

The decision to follow the demonstrative this with a noun phrase is important to students’ writing development. Previous research has emphasized when students should not attend this rather than studying why students make the choice. Using a corpus-linguistic approach, we investigated 1,999 instances of (un)attended this in student technical and academic writing. High shares of unattended this were found in both text types as well as in original and revised drafts.
The effect of interfacial mass transport on flow in thin liquid films

Abstract The equilibrium thermodynamics and the dynamics of flow in an extended meniscus that includes both the relatively thick film region controlled by capillarity and the ultra-thin film region controlled by the liquid-solid-vapor interfacial force field are analyzed. The effects of capillarity, disjoining pressure, gravity and temperature on equilibrium, fluid flow and mass transfer associated with the liquid film are discussed. The non-equilibrium processes of change-of-phase heat transfer and fluid flow in stationary and in spreading thin films are intrinsically connected because of their common dependence on the intermolecular force field and gravity. Criteria to determine the relative importance of fluid flow and interfacial mass transfer based on the film profile and the thermophysical properties of the system are developed. An evaporation/condensation mechanism is found to be important in contact line motion.
Analytical Modeling of Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway Bridges for Seismic Analysis

This article introduces a generic modeling approach that is suitable for static and dynamic analysis, and response assessment of highway bridges with varying levels of irregularities. The proposed approach and modeling recommendations are based on grillage modeling rules that allows explicit representation of various types of details and components. The validity and accuracy of the proposed approach is demonstrated against three-dimensional finite element models as well as experimentally recorded response various benchmark bridges. While achieving remarkable accuracy, the required analysis time was also reduced up to 80%, making the proposed approach suitable for computationally intensive studies.
Valence and core-level binding energy shifts in realgar (As4S4) and pararealgar (As4S4) arsenic sulfides

Abstract The core level and valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra (XP spectra) of two arsenic sulfides, As4S4 (α-realgar) and As4S4 (pararealgar), are reported. Pararealgar is a polymorph of realgar created by irradiation of realgar with visible light. The core level spectra of the materials can be distinguished by small differences in core level binding energies (BEs). For example, the As 3d5/2 and S 2p3/2 peaks are at 43.1 and 162.8 eV BE, respectively, in realgar and 43.2 and 162.7 eV BE, respectively, in pararealgar. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level were performed on single As4S4 clusters to determine the ground state orbital energies for realgar and pararealgar and electrostatic potential-derived atomic charges. The shifts in the core level BEs are qualitatively reproduced in the orbital energies and can be rationalized based on an increased average charge in pararealgar (S=−0.21, As=+0.21) versus realgar (S=−0.19, As=+0.19). A large variation in calculated charge between inequivalent As sites in pararealgar (from +0.09 to +0.31) broadens the observed arsenic XP spectra features. In addition, the four main features in the valence bands of these materials have been identified based on the DFT calculations.
Comment on Electron Scattering in the Image Potential Well

Comments are made on the model of electron injection into SiO2 proposed by Berglund and Powell. Their assumptions on electron scattering, disregarding the change of the escape cone with the distance from the emitter, lead to serious underestimation of the injected current. Two alternative models of electron injection, based solely on elastic scattering are discussed and do not predict the experimental results. We suggest that observed field dependence of the injected current into SiO2 indicates that energy relaxation associated with the injected electrons is responsible for the voltage dependence of the current.
IMMIGRANT AND NON‐IMMIGRANT LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AMONG AMERICA'S WHITE, HISPANIC, AND ASIAN ELDERLY POPULATION

Do the living arrangements of immigrant elderly differ significantly from those for non‐immigrant elderly? If so, are differences between immigrants and non‐immigrants due to population composition or immigration‐based cultural preferences? To answer these questions this research examines the living arrangements of Non‐Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian elderly using data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS). The standardization and multinomial logistic regression results indicate that within each of the racial/ethnic groups immigrants, particularly those aged sixty or older upon arrival, are more likely to live in extended family arrangements and less likely to live independently than elderly non‐immigrants. Furthermore, these differences between immigrants and non‐immigrants are not due to differences in population composition, economic resources, functional limitations, or acculturation. The results suggest that immigration policies are influencing these observed living arrangement differences. The impact of increasing diversity among the older population and potential changes in government policy on the distribution of future elderly living arrangements is discussed.
Retinal Projections in Blind Snakes

Following unilateral enucleation of blind snakes, serial sections of the brains were stained by the Fink-Heimer procedure; the sections revealed terminal degeneration in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus bilaterally, nucleus posterodorsalis of the pretectum bilaterally, and superficial layers of the contralateral optic tectum. The stained degenerating fibers in the tectum were considerably less dense than in the thalamus.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN DANISH CHILDREN and ADOLESCENTS

. Ibsen, K. Kaas (University Paediatric Clinic, Children's Hospital, Fugle-bakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Blood pressure in Danish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:27, 1981.–Blood pressure was measured in 946 Danish schoolchildren aged 7 to 18 years. The children had been randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Blood pressure was measured in 52 different schools, with the same Random-Zero-Sphygmomanometer, and all pressures were measured by the same person, under standardized conditions, to eliminate as many sources of error and uncertainties as possible. For both sexes an age-dependent significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. For both the systolic and the diastolic pressures, significant differences in blood presure measured before and after blood testing were observed.
Application of extended Mohr–Coulomb criterion to ductile fracture

The Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) fracture criterion is revisited with an objective of describing ductile fracture of isotropic crack-free solids. This criterion has been extensively used in rock and soil mechanics as it correctly accounts for the effects of hydrostatic pressure as well as the Lode angle parameter. It turns out that these two parameters, which are critical for characterizing fracture of geo-materials, also control fracture of ductile metals (Bai and Wierzbicki 2008; Xue 2007; Barsoum 2006; Wilkins et al. 1980). The local form of the M–C criterion is transformed/extended to the spherical coordinate system, where the axes are the equivalent strain to fracture $${\bar \varepsilon_f}$$ , the stress triaxiality η, and the normalized Lode angle parameter $${\bar \theta}$$ . For a proportional loading, the fracture surface is shown to be an asymmetric function of $${\bar \theta}$$ . A detailed parametric study is performed to demonstrate the effect of model parameters on the fracture locus. It was found that the M–C fracture locus predicts almost exactly the exponential decay of the material ductility with stress triaxiality, which is in accord with theoretical analysis of Rice and Tracey (1969) and the empirical equation of Hancock and Mackenzie (1976), Johnson and Cook (1985). The M–C criterion also predicts a form of Lode angle dependence which is close to parabolic. Test results of two materials, 2024-T351 aluminum alloy and TRIP RA-K40/70 (TRIP690) high strength steel sheets, are used to calibrate and validate the proposed M–C fracture model. Another advantage of the M–C fracture model is that it predicts uniquely the orientation of the fracture surface. It is shown that the direction cosines of the unit normal vector to the fracture surface are functions of the “friction” coefficient in the M–C criterion. The phenomenological and physical sound M–C criterion has a great potential to be used as an engineering tool for predicting ductile fracture.
A system-based intervention to improve postpartum diabetes screening among women with gestational diabetes

Objective We sought to determine whether our process improvement program led to increased postpartum diabetes screening rates among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design In early 2009, we conducted obstetrics department staff education sessions, revised GDM patient care protocols, and developed an electronic system to trigger reminder calls to patients who had not completed diabetes mellitus screening by 3 months postpartum. We then evaluated the rates of postpartum glucose test order entry and completion for women with GDM delivering from July 2009 through June 2010 (n = 179) and July 2007 through June 2008 (n = 200). Results After the program's implementation, the proportion of women receiving an order for a postpartum glucose test within 3 months of delivery increased from 77.5-88.8% ( P = .004), and test completion increased from 59.5-71.5% (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.75). Conclusion Rates of postpartum diabetes testing can be improved with system changes and reminders.
A neural network model relating ΔH at a single station to Dst

Abstract The operational goal of real-time estimation of the D st index from single-station ΔH requires a good understanding of how ΔH depends on local time, storm conditions, and season of year. In this investigation artificial neural networks are trained on several years of data for the San Juan magnetometer. One neural network produces ΔH given D st , local time, day of year; the other additionally requires Solar Wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary electric field. The neural networks illustrate the local time, seasonal, and storm modulation of the nearly linear relationship between D st and ΔH. We present evidence that a seasonal offset may be present in the D st index. We also demonstrate that the partial ring current, as measured by the asymmetry index, persists, after the interplanetary electric field has vanished, for larger values of D st during northern winter, and that this asymmetry is linearly proportional to D st .
Alzheimer's Disease and the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: A Critical Review

Since 1992, the amyloid cascade hypothesis has played the prominent role in explaining the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It proposes that the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) is the initial pathological event in AD leading to the formation of senile plaques (SPs) and then to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal cell death, and ultimately dementia. While there is substantial evidence supporting the hypothesis, there are also limitations: (1) SP and NFT may develop independently, and (2) SPs and NFTs may be the products rather than the causes of neurodegeneration in AD. In addition, randomized clinical trials that tested drugs or antibodies targeting components of the amyloid pathway have been inconclusive. This paper provides a critical overview of the evidence for and against the amyloid cascade hypothesis in AD and provides suggestions for future directions.
INHOMOGENEOUS STATES OF NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTORS : QUASIPARTICLE BAGS AND ANTIPHASE DOMAIN WALLS

Nonequilibrium properties of short-coherence-length s-wave superconductors are analyzed in the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic inhomogeneities. In general, the lowest-energy configurations of quasiparticle excitations are topological textures into which quasiparticles segregate and that are described as antiphase domain walls between superconducting regions whose order parameter phases differ by {pi}. Antiphase domain walls can be probed by various experimental techniques, for example, by optical absorption and NMR. At zero temperature, quasiparticles seldom appear as self-trapped bag states. However, for low concentrations of quasiparticles, they may be stabilized in superconductors by extrinsic defects. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
A new collaborative software package: TeamSpace at Stanford University

The Academic Computing Department of Stanford University Libraries has deployed a collaborative software package in the 24-hour accessible lounge in Meyer Library. The installation, dubbed TeamSpace, is the product of a team of research graduate students led by Stanford Computer Science Professor Armando Fox and was originally developed as an open source, Windows-based collaborative software product during 2003-2004. The solution is comprised of a host-client pair, where the host has a shared community display and the clients are provided by users in the form of laptops. The software allows multiple users to simultaneously work on a number of documents and cut and paste from various sources into the central document of interest while using their individual laptops. In addition to this, each user is able to "take control" of the shared display. Users can simultaneously distribute copies to any one or all of the Team members who are logged on. The current client software is Windows 2000, XP and Mac OS X compatible.We will demonstrate the use of the commercial version of this collaborative software, now known as Teamspot, and present the result of user interaction studies. Screen captures demonstrating multi-user interaction, cut and paste functionality and "filewarping" will be presented.The Academic Computing TeamSpace web presence is located at http://teamspace.stanford.edu.
Epithelium modulates the reactivity of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig airway smooth muscle.

Mechanical removal of the airway epithelium alters the in vitro reactivity of airway smooth muscle. The modulation of reactivity may involve the release of inhibitory and excitatory factors from epithelial cells. Guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin have been used as an animal model of airway hyperreactivity. We evaluated the influence of the epithelium on the reactivity of in vitro tracheal smooth muscle from control and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs, and the extent to which the presence of the epithelium affects the contractile response to in vitro challenge with ovalbumin. In both control and ovalbumin-sensitized tissues, epithelium removal increased the sensitivity of the preparations to histamine, methacholine and isoproterenol to a similar extent, i.e., 2- to 2.5-fold. Epithelium removal resulted in an 8.1-fold increase in sensitivity to ovalbumin in sensitized tissues. The epithelium appears not only to modulate the reactivity of the tissues to bronchoactive agents, but it also influences the magnitude of the contractile response following antigen challenge.
Escalating commitment to a relationship : the sexual harassment trap

Divergent perceptions of sexual harassment were explored in a case of a perpetrator's gradual sexual advancements and a target's escalating commitment to their relationship. Participants were 60 male and 60 female undergraduate students from a private midwestern university. Approximately 7% were minority members. Males and females interpreted the male perpetrator's actions differently, particularly when the female target made prior commitments to a friendly relationship. Specifically, males' ratings of sexual harassment decreased when the female target participated in increasingly informal, friendly interactions. Females ratings remained relatively constant despite the target's reactions. Attributions and reactions to the harassment also were influenced. Interestingly, as the target's commitment increased, both males and females reported a lower likelihood that the target would seek help.
Birth weight references for twins.

Abstract Objective: We sought to formulate fetal and birth weight references for twins from longitudinal data. Study Design: This historic cohort study was based on 1831 pregnancies of twins born alive at ≥28 weeks' gestation from Baltimore, Maryland; Miami, Florida; Charleston, South Carolina; and Ann Arbor, Michigan. Results: When we compared singletons and twins, the percentiles of twins fell substantially below the 10th percentile of singletons by 28 weeks' gestation, below the 50th percentile by 30 weeks' gestation, and below the 90th percentile by 34 weeks' gestation. The difference at the 50th percentile was 147 g (10%) at 30 weeks' gestation, 242 g (14%) at 32 weeks' gestation, 347 g (17%) at 34 weeks' gestation, 450 g (19%) at 36 weeks' gestation, 579 g (22%) at 38 weeks' gestation, and 772 g (27%) at 40 weeks' gestation. Conclusion: This new reference demonstrates that, although the overall pattern of fetal growth is slower for twins versus singletons from about 30 weeks' gestation, well-grown twins and singletons do not differ as much as previously believed. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1250-7.)
Comparison of active infective endocarditis involving a previously stenotic versus a previously nonstenotic aortic valve

Abstract No previous studies, either clinical or morphologic, have compared findings in patients with active infective endocarditis (IE) involving a previously stenotic versus a previously nonstenotic aortic valve. Clinical and cardiac necropsy findings were analyzed in 96 patients with active IE involving the aortic valve. Of the 96 patients, 25 (26%) had active IE superimposed on a previously stenotic aortic valve and 71 (74%) on a previously non-stenotic aortic valve. The patients with stenotic aortic valves compared with those with nonstenotic aortic valves had significantly higher mean ages (61 vs 47 years), a higher percentage >60 years of age (52 vs 24%), a higher percentage of men (92 vs 73%), a higher frequency of an absent or unknown predisposing factor to infection (68 vs 38%), a lower frequency of a precordial murmur of aortic regurgitation (44 vs 79%), a lower percent with a long duration (>60 days) of signs and symptoms of active IE (4 vs 23%), a larger mean heart weight (594 vs 514 g), a higher percentage with aortic valve calcific deposits (100 vs 24%), and a higher frequency of associated ring abscess (84 vs 52%). Thus, active IE superimposed on a stenotic aortic valve differs in some features compared with active IE on a nonstenotic aortic valve. Because ring abscess is so common when active IE involves a stenotic aortic valve in adults, operative intervention at an early stage may be warranted.
A rapid and efficient transformation method for the production of large numbers of transgenic potato plants

Abstract A procedure is described for the rapid and efficient production of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants using Agrobacterium-based vectors. The key factors are the genotype and the level of kanamycin sulfate used for selection. Optimized culture conditions easily and routinely permitted the isolation of hundreds of individual regenerates expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) transcriptionally fused to promoters from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) or a class-I patatin gene.
Embryonal carcinoma of testis in elderly men

A rare case of pure embryonal carcinoma of the testis in a man in the seventh decade of his life is presented. We believe this is the only reported long-term survivor of embryonal carcinoma of the testis in this age group. A review of the literature on germ cell testicular tumor in men sixty years old and over is also presented.
Membrane specializations associated with the acrosomal complex of sea urchin sperm as revealed by immunocytochemistry and freeze fracture replication

Observations, employing freeze fracture replication and electron microscopic immunochemistry, have been carried out to determine structural correlations of the plasma membrane domain occupied by a 210 kDa protein involved in the acrosomal reaction of sea urchin sperm and recognized by the monoclonal antibody, J10/14 (Trimmer et al.: Cell 40:697-703, 1985; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83: 9055-9059, 1986). Immunogold-J10/14 staining of acrosome-intact sperm was intense along the flagellum and a narrow collar just posterior to the sperm apex that surrounded the acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle and subjacent anterior nuclear fossa containing g-actin). Counts of gold particles revealed a density (average number of particles/micron2 of surface area) eightfold greater along the plasma membrane associated with the acrosomal complex than membrane delimiting the remainder of the sperm head. The collar of J10/14 staining was isomorphic with a dense aggregation of intramembranous particles in the P-face of the plasma membrane and a thin cytoplasmic region that surrounded the acrosomal complex. In acrosome-reacted sperm, intense J10/14 staining was distributed along the flagellum and sperm head; prominent anterior staining was not apparent in all specimens. The density of gold particles associated with plasma membrane delimiting components of the former acrosomal complex, nucleus and mitochondrion, as well as the total average number of particles along the entire sperm surface, were increased in sperm acrosome-reacted with A-23187. Concomitant with this change in staining was the disappearance/reduction of the collars of intramembranous particles and cytoplasm. These observations indicate that plasma membrane components (210 kDa protein and intramembranous particles) and the collar of cytoplasm which are associated with the acrosomal complex are functionally, as well as structurally related. Analyses of particle density distributions along acrosome- and non-acrosome-reacted sperm suggest that the different staining patterns observed may be brought about by the recognition of cryptic sites at the time of the acrosomal reaction.
A comparison of etomidate and thiopental anesthesia for cardioversion

Sixteen ASA class II or III male patients (aged, 52 to 66 years) undergoing elective cardioversion were randomly assigned to receive either thiopental or etomidate according to an observer-blinded, parallel study design. The appropriate drug was administered in 2-mL aliquots every 15 seconds until the patient no longer responded to verbal commands, at which time cardioversion was attempted. The total dose for induction was 0.22 +/- 0.2 mg/kg and 3.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg for etomidate and thiopental, respectively. The cardiorespiratory data after induction were evaluated for maximal percent change from baseline. The baseline heart rate was 106 +/- 6 beats/min and 98 +/- 8 beats/min for the etomidate and thiopental groups, respectively (mean +/- SEM). The heart rate decreased 5% after induction with etomidate and increased 7% with thiopental (P less than 0.05). The baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 96 +/- 3 mm Hg and 105 +/- 11 mm Hg for the etomidate and thiopental groups, respectively (mean +/- SEM). The MAP decreased 4% with etomidate and 3% with thiopental. Respiratory rate was significantly increased by 22% after etomidate compared with a 22% decrease in respiratory rate with thiopental (P less than 0.05). Seven of eight patients in the thiopental group required only one countershock, whereas four of eight patients in the etomidate group required only one shock. One patient in each group could not be successfully cardioverted. Recovery time and clinical side effects were similar between groups except for mild myoclonus in the etomidate group. Titration to effect of either etomidate or thiopental provided satisfactory anesthesia for elective cardioversion in hemodynamically stable patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Citizens of the world.

Since the events of last September, we have heard many questions about where our concerns and our responsibilities must lie in this new world transformed so dramatically early one autumn morning. The questions are many and the answers difficult. But one answer, particularly for us as physicians,
Progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome.

A healthy woman aged 35 years underwent uneventful stripping of a varicose right saphenous vein. Severe right lower-leg pain and muscle spasms appeared immediately postoperatively. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy was diagnosed 7 weeks postoperatively.1 Electrophysiologic study 9 weeks postoperatively demonstrated unobtainable sural responses and gastrocnemius denervation on the right. Lumbosacral MRI …
Metal-dielectric photonic structures with extreme directionality: A concept of wide-aperture omnidirectional isolator

Photonic structures involving metallic nanolayers can display extreme directionality. Here we further show that magnetophotonic structure involving metallic nanolayers can behave as a wide-aperture omnidirectional isolator. It transmits light in a single (forward) direction, while the light incident from the opposite side is reflected back to space regardless of polarization and direction of incidence.
Factors related to obesity in Mexican-American preschool children.

For participation in this study, 31 Mexican-American children between the ages of 3 and 5 years and their mothers were recruited. Feeding practices and values related to body perception were assessed. Mothers of obese children preferredfat babies and were themselves more overweight than were the mothers of nonobese children. The differences were statistically significant. The study has implications for nursing practice in the identification of children at increased risk for obesity related to maternal, environmental and cultural factors.
A faithfulness ranking projected from a perceptibility scale: The case of [+ voice] in japanese

Within the framework of optimality theory (Prince & Smolensky 2004), Steriade (2001a,b) proposes the P-map hypothesis, whose fundamental tenet is that the rankings of faithfulness constraints are grounded in perceptual-similarity rankings. This article provides empirical support for this hypothesis. In Japanese loanword phonology, a voiced geminate, but not a singleton, devoices to dissimilate from another voiced obstruent within a single stem. Based on this observation, I argue that the [ voice] feature is protected by two different faithfulness constraints,IDENT( voi)Sing and IDENT( voi)Gem, and they are ranked as IDENT( voi)Sing » IDENT( voi)Gem in Japanese. I further argue that this ranking is grounded in the relative perceptibility of [ voice] in singletons and geminates, and this claim is experimentally supported. The general theoretical implication is that phonetic perceptibility can directly influence patterns in a phonological grammar.
Exogenous intravascular nitric oxide enhances ventricular function after hemodilution with plasma expander.

Aims This study evaluated the hypothesis that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation during acute hemodilution with plasma expander (PE) provides beneficial effects on cardiac function.
Drag reduction over embedded cavities in Couette flow

Abstract Using a newly developed Couette flow facility with high viscosity oil as the working fluid, drag measurements over a patterned surface consisting of two-dimensional square embedded cavities orientated transversely to the main flow were experimentally obtained. Drag data was then compared to that obtained over a flat plate. Results show that for Re 5% is obtained. This reduction, known as the “roller bearing effect”, is due to the formation of embedded vortices within the cavities. Also, as the Re decreases the theoretical Stokes limit of 18% drag reduction is approached.
Multiplexed detection of protein cancer markers on Au/Ag-barcoded nanorods using fluorescent-conjugated polymers.

Integration of fluorescent-conjugated polymers as detection moiety with metallic striped nanorods for multiplexed detection of clinically important cancer marker proteins in an immunoassay format was demonstrated in this report. Specifically, cationic conjugated polymers were introduced to protein complexes through electrostatic binding to negatively charged double-stranded DNA, which was tagged on detection antibodies prior to antigen recognition. The intense fluorescence emission of conjugated polymers resulted in highly sensitive detection of cancer marker proteins wherein an undiluted bovine serum sample as low as ∼25 target molecules captured on each particle was detectable. Meanwhile, the use of polymer molecules as the detection probe did not obscure the optical pattern of underlying nanorods, i.e., the encoding capability of barcoded nanorods was preserved, which allowed simultaneous detection of three cancer marker proteins with good specificity.
Subunit communication in the tryptophan synthase α2β2 complex Effects of β subunit ligands on proteolytic cleavage of a flexible loop in the α subunit

Abstract To probe the structural basis for ligand-mediated communication between the α and β subunits in the tryptophan synthase α 2 β 2 complex, we have determined the effects of ligands of the α and β subunits on proteolysis of a flexible loop in the α subunit. We find that addition of a ligand of the β subunit ( l -serine, d -tryptophan, or l -tryptophan) in combination with a ligand of the α subunit (α-glycerol 3-phosphate) almost completely prevents the tryptic cleavage of the α subunit loop. Thus, the binding of a ligand to the β-site affects the conformation of the α subunit 25–30 A distant.
An expression for the optimum case thickness of notched cylindrical carburized fatigue members

Abstract A simple expression is proposed for the quantitative prediction of the optimum case thickness of notched carburized cylindrical members under both axial and bending fatigue loading. The development utilizes Sine's method of multiaxial fatigue. The expression incorporates the fatigue properties of the case and the core, the residual stresses generated due to carburization, the geometry of the member and the imposed loading.
Sociolinguistic contexts of the preschool

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determined the effects of specific learning centers on preschoolers' functional uses of language. In Study 1, preschoolers in three separate same-age classrooms (2-, 3-, and 5-year-olds) were observed on a time sampling scheduling during their free play periods for four weeks. Preschoolers' individual utterances were coded as serving one or more than one function; functions were defined following Halliday. The housekeeping and block centers tended to elicit the most individual and multifunctional utterances. The fantasy play and social interaction among children in these centers were thought to be responsible for this mature use of language. In Study 2, same-age and same-sex dyads from two age groups (4- and 5-year-olds) were observed in experimental settings playing with blocks alone and with dramatic props alone. Both contexts elicited a predominance of imaginative language, though the dramatic context elicited more imaginative language than the blocks. With age, children generated more individual functions and multifunctional utterances.
Separation and Determination of Testosterone and Testosterone Esters in Selected Pharmaceutical Formulations

A rapid quantitative procedure is presented for the separation of testosterone esters from their hydrolysis products through the use of the acetonitrile-infusorial earth column. The method was applied to testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and testosterone propionate. Recovery and replication of reference standard testosterone and its three esters through the proposed method ranged from 99.1 to 100.3%, and the percent relative standard deviation ranged from 0.6 to 1.0%. Two samples can be separated into testosterone and testosterone ester fractions in about 1.5 hr. The analyses of 20 injectable and one buccal tablet formulations made by 12 different manufacturers are reported.
A Pharmacy Faculty Academy to Foster Professional Growth and Long-term Retention of Junior Faculty Members

Objectives. Implement a Pharmacy Faculty Academy designed to foster professional growth of new faculty members in an outcomes-oriented, “frames”-based manner and to evaluate the impact on faculty s...
Biological implications of seasonal and urban nitrate (acid) wet deposition

Abstract Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur have been considered the chief precursor of acid precipitation. Increases in these precursors are expected, through the year 2000 from projected increases in coal use due to continued political vulnerability of middle‐eastern oil, and from dwindling domestic supplies in the U. S., as well as from increasing mobile sources. Nitrates have recently been linked with massive forest destruction in Europe and in the United States. This paper demonstrates need for increased baseline research on nitrates and for new monitoring approaches based upon examination of national data, while interfacing these needs with new policy and control strategies.
Factors Effecting Volunteer Ombudsman Effort and Service Duration: Comparing Active and Resigned Volunteers

Volunteers are key to successful ombudsmen programs. Motivating them and keeping them is difficult. The principal goal of this article is to compare active and resigned volunteer ombudsman perceptions (along with select demographic influences) of factors that either encouraged or discouraged their work. The authors find that former ombudsmen felt more role ambiguity, greater nursing facility resistance, higher boredom, and desired better supervision than active volunteer ombudsmen. They also served less time in significantly smaller facilities. Both active and resigned volunteers perceived relatively high role conflict. Implications regarding strategies to improve volunteer ombudsman work effort and retention are discussed.
Test and comparison of LVDT signal conditioner performance

This paper presents the results of a novel digital signal processor (DSP) based technique for signal conditioning of Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LYDTs). Signal conditioning is achieved through a modified DSP-based Costas receiver. This system is tested and compared with two commercially available analog signal conditioners and a second DSP-based signal conditioner. The system developed by the authors has better dynamic response than existing solutions and better noise rejection than commercially available solutions. Static testing of the system using both 4-wire and 5-wire LYDTs verifies that the conditioner meets or exceeds the linearity performance of existing signal conditioning systems over the full-scale operating range. In addition, this system requires no phase compensation network or manual tuning.
Built-in self test for C-testable ILA's

Testing of one-dimensional (1-D) unilateral iterative logic arrays (ILA's) of combinational cells with constant test vectors is studied and the concept of one repetition length (ORL) within the tests used for testing C-testable arrays is described. The impact of ORL on the test set size and the design of the test generator are discussed. ORL can dramatically reduce the on-chip test generator size with a negligible increase in the test set size. ORL, coupled with a single distinguishing sequence (DS) for ILA's with cell vertical outputs has proved to be attractive in terms of both reduced test set size and reduced test generator size. ORL testability can be used for C-testable arrays with single faulty cell and multiple faulty cells. The technique for using a single linear finite state machine (LFSM) for generating the necessary deterministic test patterns followed optionally by pseudorandom patterns from the same automaton is discussed. Use of an LFSM as a built-in test generator for only deterministic tests for 1-D ILA's is covered. With ORL, a compact LFSM based built-in self test (BIST) generator can deliver the test vectors to all the cells in the array. The exact probability distribution equation has been developed for additional bits needed to map a nonlinear machine (FSM) definition into a LFSM definition. The distribution clearly shows that the expected number of additional bits is very small, often zero. >
Intermittent hypoxia activates peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase in rat brain stem via reactive oxygen species-mediated proteolytic processing

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with sleep apneas leads to cardiorespiratory abnormalities that may involve altered neuropeptide signaling. The effects of IH on neuropeptide synthesis have not...
Fault coverage analysis for physically-based CMOS bridging faults at different power supply voltages

Bridging faults in CMOS circuits sometimes degrade the output voltage and time performance without altering the logic function. The traditional voltage testing models based on the normal power supply voltage do not accurately model this behavior. In this paper we develop a model of bridging faults that accounts for both the bridging resistance distribution and gate sensitization and propagation choices. This model shows that fault coverage increases at lower power supply voltages. It suggests that decreasing the power supply voltage is a promising technique to maximize the real fault coverage of voltage tests, thereby minimizing the number of relatively slow Iddq tests required to achieve high quality.