cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRP-ML1 Is a Lysosomal Monovalent Cation Channel That Undergoes Proteolytic Cleavage

Mutations in the gene MCOLN1 coding for the TRP (transient receptor potential) family ion channel TRP-ML1 lead to the lipid storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). The function and role of TRP-ML1 are not well understood. We report here that TRPML1 is a lysosomal monovalent cation channel. Both native and recombinant TRP-ML1 are cleaved resulting in two products. Recombinant TRP-ML1 is detected as the full-length form and as short N- and C-terminal forms, whereas in native cells mainly the cleaved N and C termini are detected. The N- and C-terminal fragments of TRP-ML1 were co-immunoprecipitated from cell lysates and co-eluted from a Ni 2 column. TRP-ML1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage that is inhibited by inhibitors of cathepsin B (CatB) and is altered when TRP-ML1 is expressed in CatB / cells. N-terminal sequencing of purified C-terminal fragment of TRP-ML1 expressed in Sf9 cells indicates a cleavage site at Arg 200 2Pro 201 . Consequently, the conserved R200H mutation changed the cleavage pattern of TRP-ML1. The cleavage inhibited TRP-ML1 channel activity. This work provides the first example of inactivation by cleavage of a TRP channel. The significance of the cleavage to the function of TRP-ML1 is under investigation.
Analysis for a screw dislocation accelerating through the shear-wave speed barrier

Abstract An analysis is performed for an accelerating screw dislocation through the shear-wave speed barrier. At this instant, the function that determines the interval of the path of the dislocation motion that contributes to the wave front has roots that change from a pair of complex conjugate to a double real, which subsequently splits into two real ones. The analysis is performed at this transition to supersonic that occurs at the double root maximum of the function f ( ξ ) = t - η ( ξ ) - b ( x - ξ ) 2 + z 2 that defines the interval of the dislocation path that contributes to the field points. It is found that the stress has a log | ξ - ξ * | / | ξ - ξ * | 1 / 2 singularity in the coefficient of the delta function of the forming Mach front, implying that for this phenomenon the Volterra dislocation model has too strong a discontinuity (step-function) in the displacement to be meaningful. A ramp-core displacement dislocation model analysis, which removes the singularity in the stress, is presented. These results can be useful in a multiscale dislocation dynamics modeling with inertia effects.
Drosophila talin and integrin genes are required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization

Epithelial tubes that compose many organs are typically long lasting, except under specific developmental and physiological conditions when network remodeling occurs. Although there has been progress elucidating mechanisms of tube formation, little is known of the mechanisms that maintain tubes and destabilize them during network remodeling. Here, we describe Drosophila tendrils mutations that compromise maintenance of tracheal terminal branches, fine gauge tubes formed by tracheal terminal cells that ramify on and adhere tightly to tissues in order to supply them with oxygen. Homozygous tendrils terminal cell clones have fewer terminal branches than normal but individual branches contain multiple convoluted lumens. The phenotype arises late in development: terminal branches bud and form lumens normally early in development, but during larval life lumens become convoluted and mature branches degenerate. Their lumens, however, are retained in the remaining branches, resulting in the distinctive multi-lumen phenotype. Mapping and molecular studies demonstrate that tendrils is allelic to rhea, which encodes Drosophila talin, a large cytoskeletal protein that links integrins to the cytoskeleton. Terminal cells mutant for myospheroid, the major Drosophila -integrin, or doubly mutant for multiple edematous wings and inflated -integrins, also show the tendrils phenotype, and localization of myospheroid -integrin protein is disrupted in tendrils mutant terminal cells. The results provide evidence that integrin-talin adhesion complexes are necessary to maintain tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization. Similar complexes may stabilize other tubular networks and may be targeted for inactivation during network remodeling events.
A 3.6cm 2 wirelessly-powered UWB SoC with −30.7dBm rectifier sensitivity and sub-10cm range resolution

This paper discusses the design of a battery-less wirelessly-powered UWB system-on-a-chip (SoC) tag for area-constrained localization applications. An antenna-rectifier co-design methodology optimizes sensitivity and increases range under tag area constraints. A low-voltage (0.8-V) UWB TX enables high rectifier sensitivity by reducing required rectifier output voltage. The 2.4GHz rectifier, power-management unit and 8GHz UWB TX are integrated in 65nm CMOS and the rectifier demonstrates state-of-the-art −30.7dBm sensitivity for 1V output with only 1.3cm2 antenna area, representing a 2.3× improvement in sensitivity over previously published work, at 2.6× higher frequency with 9× smaller antenna area. Measurements in an office corridor demonstrate 20m range with 36dBm TX EIRP. The 0.8-V 8GHz UWB TX consumes 64pJ/pulse at 28MHz pulse repetition rate and achieves 2.4GHz −10dB bandwidth. Wireless measurements demonstrate sub-10cm range resolution at range > 10m.
The Variety of Osteocyte Function

Abstract Osteocytes are formed when osteoblasts are encased in bone matrix during bone formation. These cells become connected with one another, and with cells outside the mineralized matrix, to create a living network. Microscopic analysis has provided a wealth of structural information about osteocytes and, together with in vitro studies, suggested numerous functions, ranging from the sensing of biomechanical load to control of osteoclast and osteoblast formation. More recent genetic approaches in mice have confirmed many of these functions but also revealed some unexpected roles for osteocytes. Although osteocytes are much more abundant than either osteoclasts or osteoblasts, our understanding of the role of osteocytes in skeletal homeostasis has, until recently, lagged behind the other two cell types. This chapter will provide an overview of the osteocyte network, and then discuss the various functions now attributed to it, focusing primarily on results obtained from genetically modified mice.
Oxytocin in premenstrual breast engorgement

Abstract By a critically controlled statistical study, it was determined that oxytocin nasal spray did not relieve premenstrual breast engorgement any more frequently than a corresponding inactive placebo.
Collegiate Diversity Experiences and Students’ Views Regarding Social and Political Involvement

Using data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, this study examines the relationship between engagement in diversity experiences during college and student attitudes about the importance of being socially and politically involved at the end of their fourth year of college. Findings suggest a positive link between course-related diversity experiences, meaningful discussions with diverse peers, and other types of diversity experiences and the importance students’ assign to being politically and socially involved.
Abstract 41: Dnajb6b Is A Novel Genetic Modifier For Cardiomyopathy That Regulates ER Stress Response

Background: Cardiomyopathy and heart failure affect millions of people worldwide. Because genetic modifiers contribute in large part to the highly variable phenotypic expression of cardiomyopathy in patients even with identical disease-causing mutations, the identification of modifier genes for this disease will greatly improve risk stratification, prognostic test development, and personalized therapy. However, only a rather limited number of modifier genes for cardiomyopathy have been identified sporadically. Objective: To identify genetic modifiers for cardiomyopathy using a novel insertional mutagenesis screening approach in adult zebrafish. Methods and Results: We screened 476 gene break-transposon (GBT) lines and isolated 44 zebrafish insertional cardiac (ZIC) mutants. Employing doxorubicin (DOX) stress to these ZIC mutants, we identified four candidate GBT lines that modified the progression of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, we report the detailed study of the GBT0411 mutant that exacerbated DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. GBT0411 mutant was tagged to the dnajb6b gene. Mutations in the short (sarcomeric) isoform of its human homologue gene DNAJB6 was recently reported to cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D. Interestingly, our data showed that long (nuclei) isoform (dnajb6b[L]) was the major isoform expressed in the heart, and loss-of-function of which deteriorated the progression of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. We further found that a cardiomyocyte-specific dnajb6b(L) transgene reverted the deleterious modifying effect of GBT0411 mutant, and exerted a cardioprotective function on chronic anemia induced cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, Dnajb6b(L) could partially localize to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) upon ER stress, and function as an ER stress suppressor. Indeed, inhibition of ER stress by using a chemical chaperon mimics the cardioprotective effect of dnajb6b(L) transgene. Conclusions: By conducting an unbiased mutagenesis screening in adult zebrafish, we identified dnajb6b as a novel genetic modifier for cardiomyopathy. A cardioprotective function was identified by overexpressing its long isoform in cardiomyocytes, which might be conveyed by inhibition of ER stress response.
Fatigue damage parameter of spot welded joints under proportional loading

In this paper, the author proposes a fatigue damage parameter of spot welded joints under proportional loading. The proposed fatigue damage parameter is developed based on von Mises’ equivalent stress and local structural stress at the edge of spot weld nugget. The structural stress at the edges of the weld nugget in each sheet is calculated using the forces and moments that are determined by finite element analysis. A structural equivalent stress is then calculated by von Mises’ equivalent stress equation. The structural equivalent stresses are correlated to experimental fatigue life of the spot welded joints. The proposed parameter is evaluated with fatigue test data of spot welds subjected to multiaxial and tensile-shear loads. Sheppard’s parameter and Rupp and co-workers’ parameter are also evaluated with the same test data to compare with the author’s parameter. This proposed parameter presents a better correlation with experimental fatigue data than those of Sheppard’s and Rupp and co-workers’ parameter. The proposed parameter should be very effective for durability calculations during the early design phase since coarsely meshed finite element models can be employed.
Preventing occupational injuries: women's perception of risk from musculoskeletal exposures

Perception of injury risk is associated with an individual's propensity to act. This study examined the relationship between women's demographic, occupational, and risk characteristics, and health and occupational stressors as predictors of their perceptions of injury risk to self and other women from occupational musculoskeletal exposures. This cross-sectional study included a random sample of women who were employed in the 12 months prior to survey administration (N = 123, 27% response rate). A telephone survey consisting of 154 items was administered in English or Spanish. For the perception of injury risk to self, the final multiple regression equation explained approximately 66% of the variance with significant unique contributions identified for bodily pain, occupational exposure to repeated strenuous physical activity or repetitive hand motion, perceived seriousness and controllability of the risk, and perception of risk to other women. Similarly, for perception of injury risk to other women, the final multiple regression equation explained approximately 57% of the variance with significant unique contributions identified for household size, occupational exposure to repetitive hand motion, familiarity of the risk, and perception of injury risk to self. Exposure experiences and risk characteristics were found to increase women's perceptions of risk from occupational musculoskeletal exposures.
Properties of product-type quadrature formulas

In this note some properties of the coefficient matrix associated with a product-interpolatory quadrature formula are determined and certain consequences of exactness of a product-type quadrature rule are deduced. For example, it is shown that the coefficient matrix has maximal rank and it is positive definite when the rule is symmetric. Conditions are stated under which a product-interpolatory rule reduces to a regular quadrature rule. A characterization of the error committed in applying a regular rule to a product of two functions is given.
Biology and Geographical Distribution of Spathulospora Species

Ascospores of Spathulospora lanata form a short germ tube with a lobed appressorium from which the crustose thallus develops. Phialide- like antheridia originating on hairs give rise to spermatia t...
A New Stocking Guide Formulation Applied to Eastern White Pine

A procedure is described for incorporating stand age, or stage in develop- ment, into the widely used stocking guides based on the crown competition factor (CCF). A simple model that predicts dbh of individual trees from crown projection area and total height is derived from a three-dimensional between cumulative foliage production (crown volume) and total volume of the main stem. Procedures em- ployed by previous researchers to prepare CCF-based stocking guides are then used to convert this individual-tree model to stand basal areas and numbers of trees per unit area at successive stages in development denoted by stand heights. An equation relating crown width to crown length and height is derived and used to predict growth under conventional and low-density thinning schedules for eastern white pine. An example shows that complete crown closure can occur well below the CCF-based B level if early thinnings are heavy enough to permit development of large crowns. Because CCF-based stocking guides assume that the crown width-dbh relationship is independent of height, they may, in some cases, overestimate the number of trees required for full crown clo- WHEN PLANNING STAND DENSITY management regimes, foresters need an objective means of determining how much growing space must be allocated to individual trees to ensure that they reach the desired size at a specific time in stand development. Because stem wood is formed from sugars pro- duced in the leaves, the most logical basis for predicting tree growth, short of counting the leaves themselves, is some parameter of crown size that serves as a surrogate for foliar biomass. If the relationship between crown size and wood production of individual trees can be quantified, it provides a biologically sound method of estimating the equivalent stand-level param- eters (basal area and number of trees at a given age or height) that comprise the essential elements of stocking. This paper presents a new approach to this important silvicultural problem of density management. A simple three-dimensional relationship between crown size and bole volume is derived and used to modify the widely used stocking guides (e.g., Gingrich 1967, Leak et al. 1969, Frank and Bjorkbom 1973, Philbrook et al. 1973, Roach 1977, Safford 1983) based on the crown competition factor (Krajicek et al. 1961) which are indepen- dent of site and age. The resulting stocking equation includes stand height, which can readily be translated into age or passage of time using site index
FUNDAMENTAL FRAME TO DRAFT GUIDE FOR CONDITION MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT

The key issue of condition maintenance is how to work out a reasonable maintenance schedule based on the evaluation of the condition of electric power equipments. A graded approach to evaluate the condition of electric power equipments is proposed by means of grading and weighting of their condition information and a usable quantitized equipment condition evaluation system is established. Some basic principles relevant to the drafting of the Guide for Condition Maintenance of Electric Power Equipment are dissected and necessary arguments are performed. Three principles are emphasized on, i.e. analysis of equipments condition should be based on experiment (including on-line monitoring) and family quality fault events and itself quality events; hundred grade system used to evaluate equipments condition and experiment item should be introduced and employed; the necessity of digital administration should be considered at the beginning of mapping out the Guide.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Autonomic Innervation of the Human Penis

AbstractAn improved understanding of the physiology of penile erection has resulted from recent evidence that implicates nitric oxide as the principal mediator of erectile function. Previously, the neuroanatomy of erection in man was established with descriptions of the autonomic innervation of the pelvic organs and external genitalia. The basis upon which novel physiological concepts of erection relate to earlier neuroanatomical principles remains to be determined. In the present study these relationships were explored with nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry of select pelvic tissue specimens obtained from 4 men (3 at radical prostatectomy and 1 at autopsy). Nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide production, was identified in discrete neuronal locations, including the pelvic plexus, cavernous nerves and their terminal endings within the corporal erectile tissue, branches of the dorsal p...
Using iBeacon for intelligent in-room presence detection

iBeacon, a novel technique for proximity estimation, is utilized in our work to establish an intelligent in-room presence detection system. iBeacon is a kind of beacon device introduced in 2014 by Apple Inc. based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. The beacon signal can be broadcasted every certain interval. We collected data for line-of-sight (LOS) situation in in-room environment, and then recognize in-room presence according to path-loss readings. Data in other situations and environments such as obstructed-line-of-sight (OLOS) and outdoor scenario has been also considered to guarantee the in-room presence detection accuracy. Based on the empirical measurement results, we deeply investigate the system performance in terms of error detection possibility. This system is specifically promising for some particular purposes such as graduate seminar check-in, security system, in-and-out counting.
Molecular, pharmacologic, and clinical aspects of oxygen-induced lung injury.

SUMMARY The pathogenesis of O2 toxicity involves intracellular production of partially reduced O2 metabolites, which increases with O2 partial pressure. Cytotoxic O2 metabolites impair enzyme function and inhibit DNA, protein, and surfactant lipid biosynthesis. Compounds used clinically that increase O2 metabolism or that are metabolized through free radical intermediates may increase pulmonary O2 toxicity. Recent development of liposome-encapsulated and polyethylene glycol-conjugated antioxidant enzyme preparations may provide a clinically useful means of minimizing O2 toxicity and other oxidant injuries. Human pulmonary O2 toxicity is characterized initially by acute edematous lung injury followed by fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Functional changes due to O2 toxicity include diffusion impairment, worsening of ventilation/perfusion relationships, decreased lung compliance, and small airways dysfunction. It is likely that new data derived from molecular and cellular studies of O2 toxicity will continue to enrich the clinical atmosphere and allow more directed approaches to therapy of acute lung injuries, including ARDS.
Social Workers’ Perceived Role Clarity as Members of an Interdisciplinary Team in Brain Injury Settings

ABSTRACTThis study investigated social workers’ role clarity as members of an interdisciplinary team in traumatic and acquired brain injury treatment settings. A total of 37 social workers from 7 Western countries completed an anonymous online survey questionnaire. The majority of participants have more than 10 years of experience working in brain injury treatment settings (59.5%), and about 54% have been in their current employment for more than 10 years. Findings revealed that there were significant positive correlations between perceived respect, team collaboration, and perceived value of self for team with role clarity. Multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived value of self for team was a significant predictor of role clarity (p < .05).
Tell Me More: A Content Analysis of Expanded Auditor Reporting in the United Kingdom

This study examines the effect of expanded audit disclosures required by ISA 700 (UK and Ireland), The Independent Auditor’s Report on Financial Statements, on the communication value of the audit report. Using content analysis measures, readability and tone, as proxies for communication value, I find that in the post-ISA 700 period: 1) audit report readability improves and 2) audit report tone changes with a higher occurrence of negative and uncertain words. I also evaluate analyst behavior in response to the ISA 700 audit report. I find that analyst forecast dispersion decreases in the post-ISA 700 period. In additional analyses, I show that Big N and industry expert auditors write audit reports that are more readable. I also find that domain-specific word dictionaries, generated from Form-10Ks and earnings press releases, have a lower frequency in audit reports in both the pre and post ISA 700 period. With the heightened global interest in improving the historical pass/fail audit report, these results show that expanded audit disclosures can be communicated in a manner that is accessible and meaningful to the financial statement user.
An Energy Audit for a Three-Function Hydraulic Control System: A Consideration of Pump Arrangements

When designing a hydraulic circuit, there are a number of ways to power each hydraulic function in the circuit. For instance, a single hydraulic function may be powered by its own dedicated pump; or, a hydraulic function may share a pump with additional functions in the circuit. The design question is this: “What is the optimal arrangement of pumps for a given circuit that will result in the lowest energy consumption and the smallest machine size?” This research documents an example study in which a duty cycle from the typical wheel loader is used to study the five possible pump-combinations that exist for powering the lift, tilt, and steering functions of the machine. It is shown that the lowest efficiency for the machine is observed when all three functions are powered by a single pump, and that a 15% efficiency increase may be realized over the single-pump design by giving each function its own dedicated pump. In order to achieve this efficiency increase, the original single pump is replaced by the following pump combination: 1) a pump 69% the size of the original pump for the Lift function, 2) a pump 86% the size of the original pump for the Tilt function, and 3) a pump 31% the size of the original pump for the Steering function. This solution increases the overall pump volume on the machine by 86%, nearly doubling the pump volume on the machine.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The Mixtape as Wishtape: Heterotopia, Translation, and Nostalgia

This chapter charts a pattern of repressed wishes surrounding mixtape technologies, from the homespun cassette and the mix CD to more recent technologies and services. I view the mixtape as a heterotopic space capable of constellating music from disparate times and places into configurations that long to disorder the given forms of capitalist music. However, the wish image of the mixtape is also invested in reordering, restoring, and translating the commodified fragments of music back into an unalienated musical whole or totality. While the cultural nostalgia surrounding the mixtape makes it easily soluble into politically regressive and sometimes troubling wishes, the mixtape is ultimately aligned with Bloch’s image of music as a wishful expression of the New and the Not-Yet-Conscious.
Comparative Monomethylarginine Proteomics Suggests that Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a Significant Contributor to Arginine Monomethylation in Toxoplasma gondii.

Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that has roles in transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism and DNA repair. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has a complex life cycle requiring transcriptional plasticity and has unique transcriptional regulatory pathways. Arginine methylation may play an important part in transcriptional regulation and splicing biology in this organism. The T. gondii genome contains five putative protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), of which PRMT1 is important for cell division and growth. In order to better understand the function(s) of the posttranslational modification monomethyl arginine (MMA) in T. gondii, we performed a proteomic analysis of MMA proteins using affinity purification employing anti-MMA specific antibodies followed by mass spectrometry. The arginine monomethylome of T. gondii contains a large number of RNA binding proteins and multiple ApiAP2 transcription factors, suggesting a role for arginine methylation in RNA biology and transcriptional regulation. Surprisingly, 90% of proteins that are arginine monomethylated were detected as being phosphorylated in a previous phosphoproteomics study which raises the possibility of interplay between MMA and phosphorylation in this organism. Supporting this, a number of kinases are also arginine methylated. Because PRMT1 is thought to be a major PRMT in T. gondii, an organism which lacks a MMA-specific PRMT, we applied comparative proteomics to understand how PRMT1 might contribute to the MMA proteome in T. gondii. We identified numerous putative PRMT1 substrates, which include RNA binding proteins, transcriptional regulators (e.g. AP2 transcription factors), and kinases. Together, these data highlight the importance of MMA and PRMT1 in arginine methylation in T. gondii, as a potential regulator of a large number of processes including RNA biology and transcription.
Integrating 3D Printing into an Early Childhood Teacher Preparation Course: Reflections on Practice.

ABSTRACTThis reflection on practice describes a case study integrating 3D printing into a creativity course for preservice teachers. The theoretical rationale is discussed, and the steps for integration are outlined. Student responses and reflections on the experience provide the basis for our analysis. Examples and resources are provided, as well as a discussion of lessons learned.
Effect of Drying Rate on Aerosol Particle Morphology

The morphology of aerosol particles impacts their role in the climate system. In the submicron size regime, the morphology of particles that undergo liquid–liquid phase separation is dependent on their size, where for some systems small particles are homogeneous and large particles are phase-separated. We use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to probe the morphology of model organic aerosol systems. We observe that the transition region (where both homogeneous and phase-separated morphologies are seen) spans 121 nm at the fastest drying rates with a midpoint diameter > 170 nm. By slowing the drying rate over several orders of magnitude, the transition region shifts to smaller diameters (midpoint < 40 nm) and the width narrows to 4 nm. Our results suggest that the size-dependent morphology originates from an underlying finite size effect, rather than solely kinetics, due to the presence of a size dependence even at the slowest drying rates.
Prolonged Ventricular Conduction and Repolarization During Right Ventricular Stimulation Predicts Ventricular Arrhythmias and Death in Patients With Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged ventricular conduction (paced QRS) and repolarization (paced QTc) times observed during ventricular stimulation predict ventricular arrhythmic events and death. Background Abnormal ventricular conduction and repolarization can predispose patients to ventricular arrhythmias. Methods Consecutive patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction Results Among the 501 patients included (mean age 65 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction 33.1%), longer paced ventricular conduction was associated with longer baseline QRS duration, longer QT interval, and lower ejection fraction. On multivariable analysis, longer paced QRS duration was associated with higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11 per 10-ms increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.16; p 190 ms was associated with a 3.6 times higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia (HR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.35 to 5.53; p Conclusions Longer paced QRS duration and paced QTc interval predict ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiomyopathy. Ventricular conduction and repolarization prolongation during right ventricular pacing can determine the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis: Associations with adult electronic cigarette use.

Abstract Introduction Prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis are associated with combustible cigarette use. This study evaluated pathways from these prenatal exposures to adult electronic cigarette use. We tested whether there were indirect effects of these prenatal exposures via childhood behavior dysregulation, early tobacco use, and adolescent tobacco dependence. Methods Telephone interviews were conducted with 427 adult offspring (22–33 years old) from 3 prenatal cohorts with trimester-specific data on exposures to tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. The offspring were 59% Black and 41% White (61% female). Prenatal exposures included quantity/frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use by mothers during the first trimester. Using logistic regression and structural equation modeling, we examined the effects of gestational exposures on adult electronic cigarette use via early cigarette use (prior to age 14), controlling for covariates of combustible and electronic cigarette use. Results There were no effects of childhood behavioral dysregulation on electronic cigarette use. However, there was a significant indirect effect of prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis on electronic cigarette use via early adolescent combustible cigarette use and adolescent risk for tobacco dependence. Conclusions One implication of these findings is that the inter-generational risk for tobacco use conferred via gestational exposures to tobacco and cannabis generalizes to novel products such as electronic cigarettes. These results have implications for public health, as more women use cannabis and co-use cigarettes and cannabis during pregnancy.
Images, Propositions, and Natural Signs

Russell in his 1919 paper, “On Propositions: What They Are and How They Mean,” argues that there are two kinds of propositions—word-propositions and image-propositions and that word-propositions “mean” image-propositions (Russell, 1971). As Russell says: “The problem of the meaning of words is reduced to the problem of the meaning of images” (P. 303). Furthermore, Russell continues, the “‘meaning’ of images is the simplest kind of meaning, because images resemble what they mean, whereas words, as a rule, do not” (P. 303). Taken together, these claims determine a familiar position on the relation between words and images: words mean images and images resemble what they mean. What makes my statement about him a statement about him is its relation to an images I have of him; and what makes my image of him an image of him is its resembling him.
Enhanced gut barrier integrity sensitizes colon cancer to immune therapy.

Oral IL-10 suppressed tumor growth in the APCmin/+ mouse/Bacteroides fragilis colon cancer model while a similar formulation of IL-12 exacerbated disease. In contrast, combined treatment with IL-10 and IL-12 resulted in near-complete tumor eradication and a significant extension of survival. The cytokines mediated distinct immunological effects in the gut, i.e. IL-10 diminished Th17 cell prevalence whereas IL-12 induced IFNγ and enhanced CD8 + T-cell activity. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that IL-12-driven CD8 + T-cell expansion was only partially responsible for the synergy, and that both the detrimental and the beneficial activities of IL-12 required IFNγ. Examination of colon physiology in mice receiving single vs dual treatment revealed that exacerbation of disease by IL-12 monotherapy was associated with compromised gut barrier integrity whereas combined treatment reversed this effect, uncovering additional activity by the cytokines on the stroma. Further analysis showed that the stromal effects of IL-12 included a 6-fold increase in IL-10RA expression in the colon epithelium, linking the epithelial activity of the cytokines. Finally, dual but not monotherapy induced a 3-fold increase in tight junction protein levels in the colon, identifying the mechanism by which IL-10 blocked the detrimental effect of the IL-12-IFNγ axis on barrier function without interfering with its beneficial immunological activity. These findings establish that the synergy between IL-12 and IL-10 was mediated by pleiotropic effects on the immune and the non-immune compartments and that the latter activity was critical to therapeutic outcome.
An Empirical Evaluation of Factors Influencing Patients’ Reactions to the Implementation of Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)

ABSTRACTHealth Information Exchanges (HIEs) offer the potential to fundamentally transform the healthcare system, yet little is known on what happens if healthcare organizations adopt HIEs but patients refuse to allow their health information to be exchanged electronically among healthcare providers. This work attempts to extend the application of privacy calculus theory in the HIE domain by developing and testing a model centered on the perceived benefits, perceived risks, and their antecedents to predict consumers’ opt-in behavioral intention toward HIEs. We conducted an online survey in the USA using 740 samples. The results demonstrate that the advantages of HIEs compared with the traditional exchange options meaningfully contribute to perceived benefits of HIEs. Moreover, trust in HIE models, the transparency of data exchange, and the degree of control over data access significantly attenuate perceived risks of HIEs. The model proposed by this study can be used as a useful conceptual tool for both re...
Adam Ruins Everything, Except Economics

Adam Ruins Everything is a self-proclaimed “half-hour information comedy show” that appears on truTV. The main goal of the show is to take topics and discuss how they are not as great as one might expect; for example, gift giving. In doing this, Adam Ruins Everything touches on many economics topics that are relevant to introductory-level courses. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the network television show Adam Ruins Everything to aid instructors interested in adopting television clips into the classroom.
Online and offline awareness deficits: Anosognosia for spatial neglect.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Anosognosia for spatial neglect (ASN) can be offline or online. Offline ASN is general unawareness of having experienced spatial deficits. Online ASN is an awareness deficit of underestimating spatial difficulties that likely to occur in an upcoming task (anticipatory ASN) or have just occurred during the task (emergent ASN). We explored the relationships among spatial neglect, offline ASN, anticipatory ASN, and emergent ASN. Research Method/Design: Forty-four survivors of stroke answered questionnaires assessing offline and online self-awareness of spatial problems. The online questionnaire was asked immediately before and after each of 4 tests for spatial neglect, including shape cancellation, address and sentence copying, telephone dialing, and indented paragraph reading. RESULTS Participants were certain they had difficulties in daily spatial tasks (offline awareness), in the task they were about to perform (anticipatory awareness) and had just performed (emergent awareness). Nonetheless, they consistently overestimated their spatial abilities, indicating ASN. Offline and online ASN appeared independent. Online ASN improved after task execution. Neglect severity was not positively correlated with offline ASN. Greater neglect severity correlated with both greater anticipatory and emergent ASN. Regardless of neglect severity, we found task-specific differences in emergent ASN but not in anticipatory ASN. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Individuals with spatial neglect acknowledge their spatial difficulty (certainty of error occurrence) but may not necessarily recognize the extent of their difficulty (accuracy of error estimation). Our findings suggest that offline and online ASN are independent. A potential implication from the study is that familiar and challenging tasks may facilitate emergence of self-awareness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch: Technique and Outcomes

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) is a less commonly performed but very effective operation. It is now being performed more frequently than before as a primary option for those patients who need to lose a lot of weight or have severe diabetes or hypercholesterolemia. It is also a good salvage operation for inadequate results after other bariatric operations or for high-risk patients as a staged approach. Minimally invasive techniques for performing the operation are now well described. The BPD/DS is associated with higher technical difficulty and more nutritional deficiencies, but these can be managed by an experienced team.
An Exploratory Phase IIa Study of the PPAR delta/gamma Agonist T3D-959 Assessing Metabolic and Cognitive Function in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

Background T3D-959 is a chemically unique, brain penetrant, dual PPAR delta/gamma agonist with 15-fold higher PPAR delta selectivity. Ubiquitous brain expression of PPAR delta, its critical role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like phenotype of PPAR delta null mice motivated this study. Objective To determine safety and tolerability of multiple doses of T3D-959 in subjects with mild to moderate AD, examine systemic and central drug pharmacology and in an exploratory manner, perform cognitive assessments. Methods Thirty-four subjects with mild-to-moderate AD were orally administered 3, 10, 30, or 90 mg of T3D-959 daily for 14 days. There was no inclusion of a placebo arm. Safety and tolerability were monitored. Systemic drug pharmacology was examined via plasma metabolomics LC-MS-MS analysis, cerebral drug pharmacology via FDG-PET measures of changes in Relative CMRgl (R CMRgl, AD-effected regions relative to brain reference regions), and cognitive function assessed before and after drug treatment and again one week after completion of drug treatment, by ADAS-cog11 and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results T3D-959 was in general safe and well tolerated. Single point pharmacokinetics at the Tmax showed dose dependent exposure. Plasma metabolome profile changes showed dose-dependent systemic effects on lipid metabolism and metabolism related to insulin sensitization. Relative FDG-PET imaging demonstrated dose-dependent, regional, effects of T3D-959 on R CMRgl based on the use of multiple reference regions. ADAS-cog11 and DSST cognitive assessments showed improvements with possible ApoE genotype association and pharmacodynamics related to the mechanism of drug action. Conclusions Exploratory data from this Phase IIa clinical trial supports further clinical investigation of T3D-959 in a larger placebo-controlled clinical study.
Production performance, egg quality, and small intestine histomorphology of the laying hens supplemented with phytogenic feed additive

Summary An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a phytogenic compound (Alquernat Nebsui L [ANL]) applied through drinking water on hen day egg production (HDEP), egg quality, and small intestine histomorphology of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens from 65 to 73 wk of age. A total of 90 hens were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups with 15 replicate cages, and each cage containing 3 hens. Hens were housed in an A-frame conventional cage and followed the light regime of 16L:8D period. The 2 treatments consisted of either without or with ANL provided via drinking water (0.5 mL/L) as control (CON) and ANL group. Hen day egg production, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg quality were measured weekly. Supplementation of ANL increased HDEP and decreased FI and FCR in the treated group. The internal quality of eggs Haugh unit (HU), total yolk carotenoids (TYC), and yolk color score (YCS) were significantly increased in the ANL group compared with the CON group. No significant differences were observed in the measured exterior quality of eggs among the 2 treatments. Alquernat Nebsui L did not affect the histomorphology of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum except for the villus width of the duodenum, which was higher in the ANL group than the CON group. There was no significant difference in either absolute or relative intestinal weight in the ANL or CON group. It can be concluded that the addition of ANL in drinking water may have beneficial effects on egg production, FI, FCR, HU, TYC, and YCS.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by severe pain, and dysregulation of the autonomic, somatosensory, and motor systems. Initially, it is restricted to the affected part and centralizes over time. Primary mechanisms are sympathetic maintenance early, central sensitization of pain transmission neurons, and glial activation.
Stay at Home Laboratories for Chemistry Courses

Experiments written for students who were quarantined during the COVID-19 pandemic are described. These were developed to provide hands-on lab experiences that students would not get due to the onl...
Visualizing Logical Correlation in Trace Data for System Debugging

This article describes a mechanism that enables debug engineers to extract and visualize the logical correlation among events and messages in system-level trace data. It enables debug engineers to focus only on trace packets that are logically correlated to the issue under debug.
Availability & willingness of psychologists to treat infants and young children: Data from one state

Abstract Infants and young children often experience events that challenge their mental health status. Earlier intervention has shown long term positive outcomes; however, psychologists are not always trained to provide these services. This study attempts to describe the availability of psychological services in one northeastern state of the United States for infants and young children under the age of five. In this state, of the 234 licensed psychologists who participated, 59 psychologists reported being willing to work with children under five; only 29 would treat a child under two. Less than half of psychologists who do not treat infants and young children refer them to an appropriate resource. Other barriers identified include lack of providers who accept insurance and availability of services in a language other than English. This study identified a need to more fully understand who is providing services to meet the mental health needs of infants, young children, and families and to implement systemic changes to make these services available to all who need them.
Predictors of Prolonged Opioid Use After Lumbar Fusion and the Effects of Opioid Use on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Study DesignRetrospective case series.ObjectiveTo determine risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use after lumbar fusion and to elucidate the effect of opioid use on patient-reported outco...
Giving translation a hand.

A cell's identity is commonly regarded as its transcriptomic profile. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Fujii et al. (2021) show that a global translation factor subunit acts differentially on transcripts to modulate morphogen signaling levels, revealing a global mechanism of transcript-specific translational control in development.
Health Implications of Air Pollution

Although an old problem, air pollution has been the subject of increasing research because of the realization of its health implications. Studies have linked air pollution with loss of well-being o...
“CORPUS,” An Approach to Capitalizing Company Knowledge

“CORPUS” is a practical approach, now under development that provides guidelines for “Capitalizing company knowledge.”
Contractile Proteins of Cultured Cells I. THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACTIN-LIKE PROTEIN FROM CULTURED CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS

Abstract An actin-like protein was isolated from the acetone powder of glycerinated chick embryo fibroblasts and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified protein has a molecular weight of 45,500, resembles rabbit actin in electrophoretic mobility and ultrastructure, undergoes reversible globular-fibrous transformations, and combines with rabbit myosin to form hybrid actomyosin. This actomyosin exhibits ATPase activity and superprecipitation properties similar to those of actomyosin from rabbit muscle. In fibroblasts, the actin-like protein may function in the maintenance of shape and in the implementation of intra- and extracellular movements.