cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding site‐based classification of coronaviral papain‐like proteases

The coronavirus replicase gene encodes one or two papain-like proteases (termed PL1pro and PL2pro) implicated in the N-terminal processing of the replicase polyprotein and thus contributing to the formation of the viral replicase complex that mediates genome replication. Using consensus fold recognition with the 3D-JURY meta-predictor followed by model building and refinement, we developed a structural model for the single PLpro present in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) genome, based on significant structural relationships to the catalytic core domain of HAUSP, a ubiquitin-specific protease (USP). By combining the SCoV PLpro model with comparative sequence analyses we show that all currently known coronaviral PLpros can be classified into two groups according to their binding site architectures. One group includes all PL2pros and some of the PL1pros, which are characterized by a restricted USP-like binding site. This group is designated the R-group. The remaining PL1pros from some of the coronaviruses form the other group, featuring a more open papain-like binding site, and is referred to as the O-group. This two-group, binding site-based classification is consistent with experimental data accumulated to date for the specificity of PLpro-mediated polyprotein processing and PLpro inhibition. It also provides an independent evaluation of the similarity-based annotation of PLpro-mediated cleavage sites, as well as a basis for comparison with previous groupings based on phylogenetic analyses. Proteins 2006.
New Equity Performance Following Chapter 11 Emergence

This body of research investigates how the performance of exchange-traded common equity from firms in Chapter 11 bankruptcy emergence compares with common stock from non-bankrupt competitors and recently public peers in short and long-term time horizons. Return data are gathered for a sample of sixteen financially restructured companies, each paired with two non-distressed industry competitors and one recently-public peer. Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model as a primary analytical tool, empirical tests show a positive correlation in equity returns among the samples of restructured and non-distressed market competitors and a stock underperformance from the sample of IPO competitors. These results suggest that markets are better at judging the value of post-Chapter 11 companies relative to newly public companies and refute the theory of IPO price momentum.
The Consequences of Emergency Department Crowding and Delays for Patients

Emergency department crowding and the consequential delays in patient care have been long-standing problems, but as recently as 10 years ago, there was little evidence of their impact on patients. Since that time, there has been a substantial and convincing number of studies published indicating that crowding and delays compromise access to emergency care, quality of emergency care delivered, and patient outcomes, including survival. Further, there is evidence that these threats to patient well-being are more prevalent among vulnerable populations, specifically racial and ethnic minorities. This chapter presents results of recent studies that investigated the relationship between emergency department delays and crowding and patient outcomes. It concludes with a discussion about strategies to reduce crowding and delays.
Survival of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Spermatozoa after Two Years in Liquid Nitrogen (–196°C)

Genetic markers showed that spermatozoa of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., can produce progeny after storage for 2 years at –196°C Progeny counts indicated that a loss of viability may have occurred between 4 days and 2 years of storage. Nine queens inseminated with spermatozoa stored 4 days produced 22% worker brood (range = 8–55%); eight queens inseminated with spermatozoa stored 2 years produced 8% worker brood (range = 1–25%) ( P < 0.05).
Frequency and dependence of long range temporal correlations in human hippocampal energy fluctuations: Research Articles

Spontaneous energy fluctuations in human hippocampal EEG show prominent amplitude and temporal variability. Here we show hippocampal energy fluctuations often exhibit long-range temporal correlations with power-law scaling. In most cases this scaling behavior persisted on time scales in excess of 10 minutes, the maximum duration we could detect with our recording durations. During these epochs we find that the energy fluctuations exhibit long-range correlations over a broad frequency range (0.5–100 Hz) with greater persistence of the correlations in the lower frequency bands (0.5–30 Hz) than the higher (30–100 Hz). The correlation in hippocampal energy fluctuations is characterized by a bias for energy fluctuations to be followed by similar magnitude fluctuations over all energy scales, i.e. large fluctuations begets large fluctuations and small begets small. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 35–45, 2005This paper was submitted as part of the Special Issue: Understanding Complex Systems (Complexity, Vol. 10/No. 3 and No. 4)
Intrafield overlay correction for illumination-based distortion

The use of different illumination source shapes and multipatterning processes used to generate sub–40-nm images can create image placement errors level to level, resulting in significant intrafield overlay errors. These errors arise because of the impact of the different pupil shapes on lens aberrations resolving into image placement errors as well as because different tools will react differently to the same pupil shapes. We compare the impact of two extreme illumination sources on intrafield image placement and its effect on overall pattern overlay. We also discuss a method to empirically isolate and measure the amount of intrafield overlay distortion relative to a reference illumination source and then use the results to correct the resultant image placement errors.
Evaluation of Fluorescent Light on Flavor and Riboflavin Content of Milk Held in Gallon Returnable Containers1

Five 1-gal. retail containers were evaluated for their protection of homogenized milk against development of light-induced flavor and degradation of riboflavin. These were clear polycarbonate, tinted polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene, and glass returnable containers and an unprinted fiberboard non-returnable container. All containers were held in a commercial sliding door display case at 7 ± 1 C illuminated to 1076 lx with a fluorescent lamp up to 72 h. Sensory evaluation was conducted by a trained panel using hedonic 9-point scoring and magnitude estimation scale techniques. Riboflavin was determined by the fluorometric method. An evaluation of the containers demonstrated that there was a significant difference (P < .05) in preference and degree of light-induced flavor between the milk held in clear polycarbonate and glass compared to the control milk after 12 h of exposure. Milk held in high-density polyethylene was significantly different in preference from the unexposed control following 12 h when evaluated by the hedonic method; however, 24 h of exposure were needed to demonstrate a significant difference in the degree of light-induced flavor using the magnitude estimation technique. The tinted polycarbonate container, which is fabricated with a blocking agent that inhibits transmission of light at 380-480 nm, provided the milk with greatest protection of the returnable containers against development of the off-flavor. Milks exposed in fiberboard and also milks in the five containers held in the dark were not significantly different from the unexposed control. The milks held in glass demonstrated significant losses in riboflavin following exposure.
Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses

The extracellular domain of influenza A ion channel membrane matrix protein 2 (M2e) is considered to be a potential candidate to develop a universal influenza A vaccine. However poor immunogenicity of M2e presents a significant roadblock. We have developed a vaccine formulation comprising of the consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with CpG as a soluble adjuvant (AuNP-M2e + sCpG). We demonstrate that intranasal delivery of AuNP-M2e + sCpG in mice induces lung B cell activation and robust serum anti-M2e immunoglobulin G (IgG) response, with stimulation of both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) pandemic strain, or A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), or the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) as immunosorbants we further show that the antibodies generated are also capable of binding to the homotetrameric form of M2 expressed on infected cells. Lethal challenge of vaccinated mice with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) pandemic strain, A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) led to 100%, 92%, and 100% protection, respectively. Overall, this study helps to lay the foundation of a potential universal influenza A vaccine.
Global Optimization of Heat Exchanger Networks. Part 2: Stages/Substages Superstructure with Variable Cp

We extend the formulation of the stages/substages model described in the first part of this series to account for variable heat capacity with temperature, whose influence on heat exchanger network design was not studied. Variable heat capacity (Cp) frequently arises when streams of high molecular weight are used, or when temperature ranges are large, such as in petroleum fractionation, where the range of temperatures in streams spans more than 100 °C. We solve our model globally using RYSIA, a recently developed method bound contraction procedure (Comput. Chem. Eng. 2011, 35, 446–455; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2015, 54 (5), 1595–1604). We also tried BARON and ANTIGONE, two commercial global solvers, but they failed to find a solution.
Evaluation of modeling options for in-pellet power distribution and gap gas conductance for accurate fuel temperature predictions

Abstract Having the ability to predict fuel temperatures for efficient multi-physics steady state, depletion, and transient calculations with reasonable accuracy without the added burden of prohibitively expensive computation costs has been a major driving force in the nuclear industry. There are several parameters that have an immense impact on fuel surface and centerline temperatures. Sensitivity studies were performed to investigate the impact of gap gas conductance and internal pin power distribution on the fuel temperature predictions. As a result, areas of improvement in the CTF fuel performance model were identified by separating different effects, and analyzing the sensitivity of results to each model improvement. The performed studies demonstrated the importance of modeling internal pellet power distribution for accurate prediction of fuel centerline temperature. Furthermore, a new gap gas conductance modeling option that leverages the fuel performance code FRAPCON was implemented in the fuel rod model of CTF. Gap gas conductance data was pre-computed as a function of linear heat rate and fuel exposure, and was integrated into CTF as part of the new model. Using FRAPCON as a reference solution, the new FRAPCON-informed gap conductance model of CTF was found to calculate results within 2 degrees Kelvin of FRAPCON predictions with respect to fuel surface temperature. This study indicated the feasibility of developing an efficient framework for informing the low fidelity fuel rod models of thermal-hydraulic codes, in this case CTF, with more accurate pre-computed values by leveraging high fidelity fuel performance codes such as FRAPCON. CTF was able to utilize this tabulated data provided by the FRAPCON fuel performance code as well as to include the above mentioned improvements in each axial node of a given rod to provide a full three-dimensional representation.
Honokiol reduces drug resistance by inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression in multidrug resistant (MDR) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)

2776 Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) frequently develops resistance to chemotherapy shortly after the treatment. Overexpression of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene in SCCHN during progression is one of the involved mechanisms. MDR1 gene encodes a transmembrane, permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) that antagonizes intracellular accumulation of cytotoxic agents. Targeting P-gp expression and function, by small molecular drugs, may sensitize SCCHN cells to chemotherapy, thereby serving as novel therapeutic agents for chemoresistant SCCHN. Honokiol (HNK) is a small molecule purified from Magnolia officinalis, which has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth through apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of HNK on human MDR SCCHN cells and underlying mechanism of HNK in reducing drug resistance. The cytotoxic effects of HNK on the drug sensitive cell line, KB-3-1, and MDR SCCHN cell lines, KB-8-5, KB-C1, and KB-V1 which have different levels of P-gp, were evaluated by in vitro cell proliferation assay. HNK-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were analyzed using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Western blotting was performed to study the changes in P-gp expression, apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-9 and PARP), and the involvement of survival signals (the PI-3K/AKT pathway and myeloid cell leukemia factor 1 (Mcl-1), a survival factor implicated in SCCHN progression. HNK effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in all four cell lines. The IC50 of HNK is 5.0±0.4, 5.3±0.4, 5.0±0.7, and 4.5±0.5 μg/ml, in KB-3-1, KB-8-5, KB-C1, and KB-V1 cells, respectively. Those data indicate that regardless of the differential expression levels of P-gp in four cell lines, they showed similar sensitivities to HNK. FACS analysis showed that HNK rapidly induce cell cycle arrest after 24 h of treatment. The expression of caspase-9 and PARP were decreased by HNK treatment. Interestingly, expression of Mcl-1 was inhibited by HNK treatment. The PI3-K/AkT survival pathway may mediate HNK effects on Mcl-1 down-regulation, as revealed by western blotting. The mechanism of HNK mediated reduction of P-gp expression is being investigated. Using the MDR SCCHN cell model, we demonstrated that HNK may minimize chemoresistance by reducing P-gp expression. Blockade of survival signals (such as the PI3K/Akt, and Mcl-1) by HNK treatment may initiate apoptosis, as well as arrest in cell cycle. The combination of HNK and taxol synergistically inhibited growth of MDR cell, KB-C1, in vitro. These results suggest that HNK may be a promising drug in sensitizing chemoresistant SCCHN. Targeting MDR SCCHN using HNK in combination with conventional chemotherapy, may provide novel therapeutic opportunity. (Supported by GCC Distinguished Cancer Scholar and R01 CA 112643 to Dong M. Shin)
The Spiritual Imagination of the Beats

The Spiritual Imagination of the Beats is the first comprehensive study to explore the role of esoteric, occult, alchemical, shamanistic, mystical and magical traditions in the work of eleven major Beat authors. The opening chapter discusses Kenneth Rexroth and Robert Duncan as predecessors and important influences on the spiritual orientation of the Beats. David Stephen Calonne draws comparisons throughout the book between various approaches individual Beat writers took regarding sacred experience - for example, Burroughs had significant objections to Buddhist philosophy, while Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac both devoted considerable time to studying Buddhist history and texts. This book also focuses on authors who have traditionally been neglected in Beat Studies - Diane di Prima, Bob Kaufman, Philip Lamantia and Philip Whalen. In addition, several understudied work such as Gregory Corso's 'The Geometric Poem' - inspired by Corso's deep engagement with ancient Egyptian thought - are given close attention. Calonne introduces important themes from the history of heterodoxy - from Gnosticism, Manicheanism and Ismailism to Theosophy and Tarot - and demonstrates how inextricably these ideas shaped the Beat literary imagination.
Review: Allegories of Time and Space: Japanese Identity in Photography and Architecture, by Jonathan M. Reynolds

Jonathan M. Reynolds Allegories of Time and Space: Japanese Identity in Photography and Architecture Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2015, 360 pp., 23 color and 60 b/w illus. $45, ISBN 9780824839246 Debate over the nature of Japanese cultural identity has been a central focus of intellectual and artistic inquiry in the modern age. Questions about the role and value of Japanese tradition and its relationship to the Westernization and urbanization ubiquitous to modern Japan have shaped the work of many artists. In his recent book Allegories of Time and Space: Japanese Identity in Photography and Architecture , Jonathan M. Reynolds considers a broad array of visual material to explore how artists, architects, and critics engaged with these issues in the second half of the twentieth century as they negotiated the effects of World War II and the American-led Allied occupation of Japan. While photography and architecture are highlighted in the subtitle, a broad range of material is discussed, including pottery, advertising posters, book design, and art criticism. Central to each of the five case studies considered is a longing to locate the authentic roots of Japanese cultural identity at a spatial and/or temporal remove from the nation's contemporary urban realities. Reynolds argues that these distances served allegorically to help artists negotiate the complexities of their rapidly changing society while often also endowing their work with a cultural authenticity that they felt distinguished it from Western forms of modernism. Reynolds begins by framing his study in relation to literary criticism of the 1930s, a period in which multiple Japanese authors attempted to articulate a sense of alienation and a crisis of identity in response to cultural changes encouraged by Westernization and urbanization. Writing in 1933, Hideo Kobayashi (1902–83) implied that stories set in distant locations or earlier time periods were easier to comprehend than life in contemporary Tokyo (xv), while Sukutarō Hagiwara (1886–1942) suggested in 1938 that protecting the country from decline necessitated a “return to Japan” ( Nihon e no kaiki ) through …
Petroleum Effects on Osmoregulation in the Marine Halophytes Spartina Alterniflora and Rhizophora Mangle

Salt marshes and mangrove areas are very important in shoreline development and protection (1,2,3). These same areas are highly productive (4,5,6) and are important exporters of detritus to nearby communities (7,8). Both salt marshes and mangrove forests are important to fisheries production beyond their role as exporters of detritus (8,9).
A Survey and Analysis of Solutions to the Oblivious Memory Access Problem

Despite the use of strong encryption schemes, one can still learn information about encrypted data using side channel attacks [2]. Watching what physical memory is being accessed can be such a side channel. One can hide this information by using oblivious simulation – hiding the true access pattern of a program. In this paper we will review the model behind oblivious simulation, attempt to formalize the problem and define a security game. We will review the major solutions proposed so far, the square root and hierarchical solutions, as well as propose a new variation on the square root solution. Additionally, we will show a new formalization for providing software protection by using an encryption scheme and oblivious simulation.
Integrating Spirituality and the Work-Home Interface: A Resource and Demand Perspective

Literature reviews of spirituality in the workplace expose the breath of the phenomenon, but also expose the need for more theoretical depth in promising areas (Giacolone & Jurkiewicz, 2010a). In p...
Comparing Graduate Student Civic Engagement Outcomes in Chile Among Private For-Profit and Public Universities

This mixed-methods research examined civic engagement in Chilean public and private for-profit universities and its representation among study volunteers. Focus groups of graduate students along with in-person interviews with university administrators were conducted. The study also used an online survey, which was completed by 202 participants who had at minimum completed their titulo (first university degree). The mean age of participants was 32.5 with a standard deviation of 7.1 years. The theoretical framework in this study, spiral dynamic theory (SDT), helped guide the research as data was organized by worldview categories. Findings were that civic engagement, broadly conceptualized, was not well integrated into the Chilean higher education mission. Additionally, the key civic engagement study variables were statistically lower among the participants within the for-profit university environments. Participants also evidenced more higher order thinking and individualism at the for-profit universities based on the SDT memetic indicator classifications.
A Rotavirus-Induced Mouse Model to Study Biliary Atresia and Neonatal Cholestasis

Biliary atresia is a devastating neonatal cholangiopathy that affects both extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts progressing to fibrosis and end-stage liver disease by 2 years of age. Despite re-establishment of biliary drainage following a Kasai portoenterostomy (surgical procedure), many infants develop fibrosis requiring liver transplant. In the murine model of biliary atresia, rhesus rotavirus infection of newborn pups results in a cholangiopathy paralleling human biliary atresia and is used to study mechanistic aspects of the disease. The infected mice displayed histopathological signs similar to human biliary atresia, with bile duct obstruction, bile duct proliferation, and liver inflammation with fibrosis.
Gender Composition and Trends of Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Editorial Board Membership: A 33-Year Analysis, 1987-2019

Abstract Objective Gender disparities in editorial board composition exist in the vast majority of specialties including anesthesiology. If a similar lack of gender parity exists in cardiothoracic anesthesiology is unknown. The authors examined the gender composition and trends of the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia (JCVA) editorial board from the initial year of its publication (1987) to 2019. The authors tested the hypothesis that the proportion of women serving on the JCVA editorial board has steadily increased over the journal's history, but women are underrepresented compared with the percentage of those currently practicing academic cardiothoracic anesthesia in the United States (US). Design Observational study. Setting Internet analysis. Participants All members of the JCVA editorial board, 1987-2019. Interventions The JCVA editor-in-chief, the associate editor-in-chief, associate editors, section editors, and general editors on the board were extracted from the masthead of a single issue from each calendar year. The years were divided into quartiles (1987-1995, 1996-2003, 2004-2011, and 2012-2019) to collect representative samples of editorial board composition for analysis. Measurements and Main Results A total of 2,797 members of the JCVA editorial board were positively identified (2,477 [88.6%] men; 310 [11.1%] women); 10 (0.3%) editors could not be identified. Four hundred and fourteen associate and section editors were recorded (men 360 [87.0%], women 54 [13.0%]). There were also 2,353 general editors (2,087 [88.7%] men; 256 [10.9%] women). The total number of JCVA board members, associate and section editors, and general editors progressively increased from 1987 to 1995 to 2012 to 2019. The percentage of women serving on the editorial board increased from 2.5% to 15.8%. Increases in the proportion of female general editors from 2.9% to 16.2% were responsible for this overall increase. A gender gap between the percentage of female first authors (data obtained from a previous publication) and editorial board members was observed in each quartile. Editorial board composition was also different than last author distribution in 1987 to 1995 and 2012 to 2019, but not the other 2 time periods. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the proportion of women serving on the JCVA editorial board has steadily increased over the journal's history. Nevertheless, women continue to be underrepresented on the JCVA board compared with the percentage of US female academic cardiothoracic anesthesiologists, and gender gaps between first and last authorship and board composition also persist.
The roots of intolerance and opposition to compromise: The effects of absolutism on political attitudes

Abstract Compromise and tolerance are often considered to be virtues, especially in the realm of democratic politics. Without them, it would be difficult for democratic institutions to fulfill their intended purpose: resolving disputes peacefully. Yet many controversial political issues reduce to moral imperatives that engender strong, uncompromising opinions. There is a tendency to conceptualize moralizing as an aspect of issues, but considerable evidence suggests that the tendency to think about the world in absolutist terms is also a psychological predisposition. In this project, I seek to elaborate the correlates and consequences of individual differences in absolutism. A suite of observational analyses and an experimental test conforms that there is a great deal of variance in ethical predispositions across individuals and that these differences matter politically. Absolutists are more likely to adopt extreme opinions, display intolerance toward political disagreement, and punish politicians who make compromises.
The Future of Microbiome-Based Therapeutics in Clinical Applications.

The microbiome, a collection of microorganisms, their genomes, and the surrounding environmental conditions, is akin to a human organ, and knowledge is emerging on its role in human health and diseases. The influence of the microbiome in drug response has only been investigated in detail for the last 10 years. The human microbiome is a complex and highly dynamic system, which varies dramatically between individuals, yet there exists a common core microbiome that is heritable and can be transmitted to progeny. Here, we review the role of the human microbiome, which is now widely accepted as a major factor that drives the interpersonal variation in therapeutic response. We describe examples in which the microbiome modifies drug action. Despite its complexity, the microbiome can be readily altered, with the potential to increase the benefits and reduce the toxicity and side effects associated with pharmaceutical drugs. The potential of new microbiome-based strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, and phage therapy, as promising medical therapeutics are outlined. We also suggest a combination reductionist and system-level approaches that could be applied to further investigate the role of microbiota in drug metabolism modulation of drug response. Finally, we emphasize the importance of combining microbiome and pharmacology studies as a novel means to treat disease and reduce side effects.
Comment on "Multiscatter stellar capture of dark matter"

Bramante, Delgado, and Martin [Phys. Rev. D96, 063002(2017)., hereafter BDM17] extended the analytical formalism of dark matter (DM) capture in a very important way, which allows, in principle, the use of compact astrophysical objects, such as neutron stars (NS), as dark matter detectors. In this comment, we point out the existence of a region in the dark matter neutron scattering cross section $(\sigma_{nX})$ vs. dark matter mass $(m_{X})$ where the constraining power of this method is lost. This corresponds to a maximal temperature ($T_{crit}$) the NS has to have, in order to serve as a dark matter detector. In addition, we point out several typos and errors in BDM17 that do not affect drastically their conclusions. Moreover, we provide semi-analytical approximations for the total capture rates of dark matter particle of arbitrary mass for various limiting regimes. Those analytical approximations are used to validate our numerical results.
Archaeology and the evolutionary neuroscience of language: The technological pedagogy hypothesis

Abstract Comparative approaches to language evolution are essential but cannot by themselves resolve the timing and context of evolutionary events since the last common ancestor with chimpanzees. Archaeology can help to fill this gap, but only if properly integrated with evolutionary theory and the ethnographic, ethological, and experimental analogies required to reconstruct the broader social, behavioral, and neurocognitive implications of ancient artifacts. The current contribution elaborates a technological pedagogy hypothesis of language origins by developing the concept of an evolving human technological niche and applying it to investigate two key transitions posited by Arbib’s Mirror System Hypothesis: (1) from complex action recognition and imitation to proto-language, and (2) from proto-language to language.
Building Credibility: Lessons from the Leadership of William Ruckleshaus

The recent passing of William D. Ruckelshaus has recalled and re-invited comparisons between the Trump and Nixon presidencies. Although Ruckelshaus might be most widely remembered for the “Saturday Night Massacre,” a review of his career in the Nixon and Reagan Administrations demonstrates a through-line of sound administration and independent regulatory leadership, at times in contrast to or in spite of his political environment. This Article explores the course of Ruckelshaus’ career in environmental regulation, focusing on his two terms as Administrator of EPA, in order to better understand the ways in which administrative and regulatory agencies gain, squander, and restore the most basic currency of government: credibility. Drawing from a number of unpublished primary materials, it finds that regulatory programs independent of presidential pressure are necessary to legitimate and credible executive government, and argues that this independence is lacking in the centralized power structure of the current Administration.
Macroeconomic Effects of Household Leverage Regulations after the Crisis

This paper assesses the aggregate and distributional effects of policies that seek to reduce mortgage default by limiting a borrower's debt payment-to-income ratio. I document empirically that highly creditworthy borrowers appear constrained by a current institutional debt payment-to-income limit. I propose a heterogeneous-agent life-cycle model with a competitive mortgage market, endogenous default, and mortgage contract choice consistent with the empirical findings. In the calibrated model, I show that, relative to the current uniformly applied debt payment-to-income cap, a policy that combines a more strict debt payment-to-income limit with a costly option to relax the limit lowers default and improves aggregate welfare, particularly for households in the middle of the wealth distribution who have low incomes.
El Caribe, la colonialidad, y el giro decolonial

This article explores the relevance of the Caribbean for understanding coloniality, decoloniality, and the decolonial turn. It confronts and starts correcting the effects of a certain Latin American–centrism in the usual ways of approaching the decolonial turn in Latin America, the Caribbean, and other regions. The decolonial turn is presented here as analytic, as historical “socio-genesis,” and, more narrowly, as a network of intellectuals known for their contributions to the understanding of coloniality and decolonia lity. The article explains various ways in which the Caribbean, Caribbean thinking, and Caribbean intellectuals have played an important role in the each of these dimensions. Resumen Este articulo explora la relevancia del Caribe para entender la colonialidad, la decolonialidad, y el giro decolonial. Confronta y comienza a corregir los efectos de cierto latinoamericano-centrismo en las formas usuales de entender el giro decolonial en America Latina, el Caribe mismo, y otras regiones. Se identifican tres sentidos distintos del giro decolonial: el giro decolonial como analitica, el giro decolonial como sociogenesis historica, y, de forma mas estrecha, el giro decolonial como una red de intelectuales que se han distinguido por sus estudios sobre la colonialidad y la decolonialidad. El articulo explica como el Caribe, el pensamiento caribeno, e intelectuales caribenos han jugado un rol importante en cada una de estas dimensiones.
A Clinician's Guide to Cannabinoid Science

Medical marijuana and the promise of medical advances with cannabinoids is a controversial topic. This book provides clinicians with credible, peer-reviewed science to advise patients on the use of cannabinoids in practice. From the history of cannabis to the recent discoveries, chapters include the science of cannabinoids, changes in the legal and regulatory landscape, and the emerging area of endocannabinoids. The book differentiates approved cannabinoids from cannabis and medical marijuana and stimulates clinicians to think about the risks and benefits of these two drugs. It provides the factual background for clinicians to lead the discussion on the continued use of marijuana, ongoing areas of research and future advances and development of new medications for treatment. An invaluable guide for all specialists in the pharmaceutical sciences, toxicologists, biochemists, neurologists, psychiatrists, addiction specialists, as well as primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and regulators and policymakers.
Comment on “Exact solutions and singularities of an X-point collapse in Hall magnetohydrodynamics” [J. Math. Phys. 59, 061509 (2018)]

A recent paper by Janda [J. Math. Phys. 59, 061509 (2018)] presented a partial solution of the equations of dissipationless Hall magnetohydrodynamics in terms of the Weierstrass elliptic function. The present comment corrects a sign error in the analysis and offers a complete solution of dissipationless Hall magnetohydrodynamics in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions.
Intrauterine Devices and Sexually Transmitted Infection among Older Adolescents and Young Adults in a Cluster Randomized Trial.

Abstract Study Objective Provider misconceptions regarding intrauterine device (IUD) safety for adolescents and young women can unnecessarily limit contraceptive options offered; we sought to evaluate rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis (GC/CT) diagnoses among young women who adopted IUDs. Design Secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized provider educational trial. Setting Forty US-based reproductive health centers. Participants We followed 1350 participants for 12 months aged 18-25 years who sought contraceptive care. Interventions The parent study assessed the effect of provider training on evidence-based contraceptive counseling. Main Outcome Measures We assessed incidence of GC/CT diagnoses according to IUD use and sexually transmitted infection risk factors using Cox regression modeling and generalized estimating equations. Results Two hundred four participants had GC/CT history at baseline; 103 received a new GC/CT diagnosis over the 12-month follow-up period. IUDs were initiated by 194 participants. Incidence of GC/CT diagnosis was 10.0 per 100 person-years during IUD use vs 8.0 otherwise. In adjusted models, IUD use (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-2.40), adolescent age (aHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.72-2.27), history of GC/CT (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.75-2.00), and intervention status (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.74-1.71) were not associated with GC/CT diagnosis; however, new GC/CT diagnosis rates were significantly higher among individuals who reported multiple partners at baseline (aHR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.34-2.98). Conclusion In this young study population with GC/CT history, this use of IUDs was safe and did not lead to increased GC/CT diagnoses. However, results highlighted the importance of dual sexually transmitted infection and pregnancy protection for participants with multiple partners.
AI education matters: 2022 EAAI mentored undergraduate research challenge: AI-assisted game design

In this column, we introduce the next AAAI/EAAI-2022 mentored undergraduate research challenge: AI-Assisted Game Design (AIAGD). We survey a number of AIAGD applications, provide references, and make suggestions for undergraduates to engage in this open-ended, creative research challenge.
Does Greater Political Representation of Women Help to Protect Worker Rights? A Cross-National Investigation

Using a cross-national panel of 69 developing economies considered over the period 1981 – 2011, we find convincing evidences suggesting that increased representation of women in the national legislature led to better protection of worker rights. For the purpose, we use recently available de jure Labor Regulation Index developed by the Centre of Business Research at Cambridge University. To account for the issue of endogeneity, we use two-stage least squares to obtain valid estimates for the effect of women’s political participation on labor rights outcomes.
Effect of Antimicrobial Treatment on the Dynamics of Ceftiofur Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from Adult California Dairy Cows.

Dairy farm use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) is a risk for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, these resistance dynamics are not fully understood. A cohort study on two dairy farms enrolled 96 cows with their fecal samples collected three times weekly, for the first 60 days in milk. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated by spiral plating samples onto MacConkey agar impregnated with 0, 1, 8, 16 and 30 µg/mL ceftiofur. Negative binomial regression analyzed AMR over time. The continuum of ceftiofur concentrations permitted estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and analysis using interval regression. The most common systemic AMD was ceftiofur, administered in 94% of treatments (15/16 cows). Enterobacteriaceae did not grow in 88% of samples collected from non-AMD treated cows at 8 µg/mL ceftiofur. Samples from AMD treated cows had peak counts of resistant Enterobacteriaceae during AMD treatment and returned to baseline counts by 3–4 days post-treatment at 8 µg/mL. Sensitive Enterobacteriaceae (0–1 µg/mL ceftiofur) were reduced below pre-treated levels for 29–35 days post-AMD treatment. Population MIC peaked during AMD treatment and returned to baseline levels by 7–8 days. We conclude that the effect of systemic ceftiofur on the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in early lactation dairy cows was limited in duration.
Analysis of ZPPR-15 experimental data for VTR software validation

Abstract As part of the Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program, extensive validation work is being performed to demonstrate the fidelity of the Argonne Reactor Code (ARC) software package presently used for the core design studies. It is anticipated that this software will be also used for initial operations although additional software may be introduced at a later time to supplement or replace some components. The validation work was focused on accumulating reactor models that are consistent with the VTR and thus can be used to validate the accuracy of predictions made by the software used to design and operate the VTR. The U.S. does not have any active experimental facilities that can neutronically mockup the VTR core design. However, in the past, the U.S. had extensive experimental facilities for fast reactor neutronics. In that regard, the ZPPR-15 experiments carried out at ANL during the 1980s work best because the fuel form is closest to the VTR design, there is a considerable amount of processed data available for use, and existing staff are already familiar with the experimental machine and measurements. Because of previous collaborative work, many of the ZPPR-15 loadings of interest have already been processed into MCNP and preliminary ARC models, and a full uncertainty quantification has already been completed for many of the ZPPR-15 measurements. This manuscript covers the recent analysis work on the ZPPR-15 experiments and compares it with the experimental results. With respect to the ARC software components, this manuscript focuses on validation of the MC2, DIF3D and GAMSOR using the ZPPR-15 experimental data.
On a Theorem of Lovász that (&sdot, H) Determines the Isomorphism Type of H

Graph homomorphism has been an important research topic since its introduction [20]. Stated in the language of binary relational structures in that paper [20], Lovasz proved a fundamental theorem that, for a graph H given by its 0-1 valued adjacency matrix, the graph homomorphism function G m hom(G, H) determines the isomorphism type of H. In the past 50 years, various extensions have been proved by many researchers [1, 15, 21, 24, 26]. These extend the basic 0-1 case to admit vertex and edge weights; but these extensions all have some restrictions such as all vertex weights must be positive. In this article, we prove a general form of this theorem where H can have arbitrary vertex and edge weights. A noteworthy aspect is that we prove this by a surprisingly simple and unified argument. This bypasses various technical obstacles and unifies and extends all previous known versions of this theorem on graphs. The constructive proof of our theorem can be used to make various complexity dichotomy theorems for graph homomorphism effective in the following sense: it provides an algorithm that for any H either outputs a P-time algorithm solving hom(sP-hard problem to hom(&sdot, H).
Adding Infectious Insult to Traumatic Injury: The Impact of Infectious Complications in End-of-Life Decision Making.

Background: Trauma increases the risk for infection, but it is unknown how infection affects goals-of-care (GOC) decision making. We sought to determine how infections impact transition to comfort ...
Empowering Anxious Parents to Manage Child Avoidance Behaviors: Randomized Control Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Parental Accommodation.

Background: A majority of youth who need anxiety treatment never access support. This disparity reflects a need for more accessible, scalable interventions—particularly those that may prevent anxiety in high-risk children, mitigating future need for higher-intensity care. Self-guided single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward this goal, given their demonstrated clinical utility, potential for disseminability, and low cost. However, existing self-guided SSIs have been designed for completion by adolescents already experiencing symptoms, and their potential for preventing anxiety in children—for instance, by mitigating known anxiety risk factors—remains unexplored. Objective: This trial evaluated the acceptability and proximal effects of project EMPOWER: a web-based, self-guided SSI designed to reduce parental accommodation, a parenting behavior known to increase the risk of anxiety in offspring. Methods: In total, 301 parents who reported elevated anxiety symptoms with children aged 4-10 years received either project EMPOWER or an informational control (containing psychoeducational materials and resources); parents self-reported their accommodation of child anxiety and overall distress tolerance at baseline and 2-week follow-up. Results: Relative to control-group parents, those who received the intervention outlined in project EMPOWER reported significant reductions in their accommodation of child anxiety (ds=0.61; P<.001) and significant increases in their distress tolerance (ds=0.43; P<.001) from baseline to 2-week follow-up. Additionally, parents rated project EMPOWER as highly acceptable (ie, easy to use, helpful, and engaging) in accordance with preregistered benchmarks. Conclusions: Project EMPOWER is an acceptable self-guided SSI for parents of children at-risk for anxiety, which yields proximal reductions in clinically relevant targets. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04453865; https://tinyurl.com/4h84j8t9
Abstract 167: Multiomics profiling of BAP1 loss in uveal melanoma

BRCA1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene with identified mutations in various cancers including uveal melanoma (UM), malignant mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma. The protein forms multicomplexes with various transcription factors and cell cycle regulators. It also functions as a deubiquitylating enzyme primarily located in the nucleus and acts on histone 2A, leading to altered gene transcription. Recently, it was shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling, homologous-directed repair, and ferroptosis regulation. Over 90% of metastatic UM cases report loss-of-function BAP1 mutations. There is a strong association between loss-of-function BAP1 mutations, metastasis, and poor disease prognosis, the mechanisms for which remain unclear. Understanding the role of BAP1 in metastasis may help uncover therapeutic approaches and improve overall survival outcomes for metastatic UM patients. Here we used a multi-omics approach to investigate changes in gene expression in UM with BAP1 loss. Bioinformatics analysis using multiple UM patient and cell line data sets revealed upregulation of key cell-cell adhesion genes, CDH1, CADM1, and SDC2 with loss of BAP1. These adhesion proteins may be involved with facilitating collective migration or enable metastatic seeding. Together, these data prompt further investigation into the specific roles of BAP1 during the metastatic cascade in UM, from primary dissemination in the eye to seeding in the liver. Citation Format: Usman Baqai, Timothy Purwin, Nelisa Bechtel, Vivian Chua, Anna Han, Andrew E. Aplin. Multiomics profiling of BAP1 loss in uveal melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 167.
Incidence of interruptive penicillin allergy alerts in patients with previously documented beta-lactam exposure: Potential for leveraging the electronic health record to identify erroneous allergies.

BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of patients report allergies to penicillin, yet >90% of these allergies are not clinically significant. Patients reporting penicillin allergies are often treated with second-line, non-β-lactam antibiotics that are typically broader spectrum and more toxic. Orders for β-lactam antibiotics for these patients trigger interruptive alerts, even when there is electronic health record (EHR) data indicating prior β-lactam exposure. OBJECTIVE To describe the rate that interruptive penicillin allergy alerts display for patients who have previously had a β-lactam exposure. DESIGN Retrospective EHR review from January 2013 through June 2018. SETTING A nonprofit health system including 1 large tertiary-care medical center, a smaller associated hospital, 2 emergency departments, and ˜250 outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS All patients with EHR-documented of penicillin allergies. METHODS We examined interruptive penicillin allergy alerts and identified the number and percentage of alerts that display for patients with a prior administration of a penicillin class or other β-lactam antibiotic. RESULTS Of 115,081 allergy alerts that displayed during the study period, 8% were displayed for patients who had an inpatient administration of a penicillin antibiotic after the allergy was noted, and 49% were displayed for patients with a prior inpatient administration of any β-lactam. CONCLUSIONS Many interruptive penicillin allergy alerts display for patients who would likely tolerate a penicillin, and half of all alerts display for patients who would likely tolerate another β-lactam.