cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical reconstruction of combined tracheal and total esophageal defects

Objective Lesions involving both the trachea and the esophagus are often considered inoperable because of the lack of reliable reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to review our experience of combined supercharged jejunal and other flaps for tracheal and esophageal reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of 5 consecutive cases with combined tracheal and total esophageal defects was performed. The esophageal defect was reconstructed with a supercharged jejunal flap, and the trachea was reconstructed with a free anterolateral thigh flap or a pedicled muscle flap. Results Primary diagnosis included tracheostoma recurrence after a total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer in 2 patients and tracheoesophageal fistula due to esophageal stenting for complications from prior treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, parathyroid cancer, and esophageal cancer in 3 patients, respectively. Tracheal and esophageal reconstructions were staged in 4 patients, and 1 patient received simultaneous reconstruction. Tracheal necrosis developed in 1 patient with a mediastinal tracheostoma, and the patient eventually died of infection 2 months later. The other 4 patients recovered well and resumed an oral diet. Conclusions Complex and often life-threatening lesions involving both the trachea and the esophagus are not necessarily inoperable. With careful planning, these combined defects can be safely reconstructed with multiple flaps with good functional outcomes and reasonable survival.
Heritability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related phenotypes in smokers.

Rationale: Previous studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have suggested that genetic factors play an important role in the development of disease. However, single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with COPD in genome-wide association studies have been shown to account for only a small percentage of the genetic variance in phenotypes of COPD, such as spirometry and imaging variables. These phenotypes are highly predictive of disease, and family studies have shown that spirometric phenotypes are heritable. Objectives: To assess the heritability and coheritability of four major COPD-related phenotypes (measurements of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, percent emphysema, and percent gas trapping), and COPD affection status in smokers of non-Hispanic white and African American descent using a population design. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies chips were used to calculate the relatedness of pairs of individuals and a mixed model was adopted to estimate genetic variance and covariance. Measurements and Main Results: In the non-Hispanic whites, estimated heritabilities of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were both about 37%, consistent with estimates in the literature from family-based studies. For chest computed tomography scan phenotypes, estimated heritabilities were both close to 25%. Heritability of COPD affection status was estimated as 37.7% in both populations. Conclusions: This study suggests that a large portion of the genetic risk of COPD is yet to be discovered and gives rationale for additional genetic studies of COPD. The estimates of coheritability (genetic covariance) for pairs of the phenotypes suggest considerable overlap of causal genetic loci.
Correlation of Intramural and Extramural Measures of Knowledge in the Clinical Sciences of Medicine

The validity of an examination of knowledge in the medical sciences was assessed. Scores in the clinical medicine categories and total score of the Quarterly Profile Examination (QPE) were correlated with corresponding scores on the Part II examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners for three different examination dates. The correlations were found to be significant for each of the three groups. Since each examination date involved a unique sample from a computer bank of questions, the stability of these relationships over time was also considered. Results of the Rao test of independent correlations indicated the relationships to be stable across time.
Saliva and plasma levels and plasma protein binding of clofibrinic acid in uremic patients.

Clofibrinic acid in saliva and plasma and its plasma protein binding were determined in 18 patients with renal impairment after a single 2-gm dose of clofibrate. A weak but significant correlation (r2 = 0.378; p < 0.02) between free plasma and saliva levels of clofibrinic acid was found. The free fraction of clofibrinic acid in plasma is higher (p < 0.02) in long-term hemodialysis patients (0.0915 ± 0.0141) than in nondialysis patients (0.0715 ± 0.0143). During dialysis, 2 hemodialysis patients had a free fraction more than twice as high (mean, 0.2083) as that in the other hemodialysis patients who were studied on interdialysis days. These observations suggest that saliva pH determinations are essential for optimal interpretation of saliva to plasma level ratios of weakly acidic drugs and that, during hemodialysis, patients may temporarily be exposed to increased risks of drug toxicity due to rises in free concentrations of drugs. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 27, 230–235; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.36
Sulphide tolerance and adaptation in the California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, a salt marsh resident

Hydrogen sulphide is a toxicant naturally produced in hypoxic marine sediments, hydrocarbon and brine seeps and hydrothermal vents. The California killifish, a salt marsh resident, is remarkably tolerant of sulphide. The 50% lethal concentration is 700 μM total sulphide in 96 h, and 5 mM in 8 h (determined in flow-through, oxygenated sea water). Killifish exposed to sulphide produce thiosulphate which accumulates in the blood. The cytochrome c oxidase (a major site of toxicity) of the killifish is 50% inhibited by <1 μM sulphide. Killifish liver mitochondria are poisoned by 50–75 μM sulphide but can oxidize 10–20 μM sulphide to thiosulphate. Sulphide causes sulphhaemoglobin formation (and impairment of oxygen transport) at 1–5 mM in vitro and to a small extent at 2 mM in vivo. Killifish blood neither catalyses sulphide oxidation significantly nor binds sulphide at environmental (low) sulphide concentrations. Exposure to 200 μM and 700 μM sulphide over several days causes significant increases in lactate concentrations, indicating shift to anaerobic glycolysis. However, individuals with the most lactate die. In terms of diffusible H2S, the killifish can withstand concentrations two to three orders of magnitude greater than would poison cytochrome c oxidase. The high sulphide tolerance of the killifish, particularly of concentrations typical of salt marshes, can be explained chiefly by mitochondrial sulphide oxidation. Sulphide tolerance and mitochondrial sulphide oxidation in the killifish have a constitutive basis, i.e. do not diminish in fish held in the laboratory in sulphide-free water for 1–2 months, and are improved by prior acclimation.
THE NEW ECONOMY, THE END OF THE COLD WAR, AND PRESIDENTIAL EVALUATIONS

In this paper we examine the question of whether the relationship between presidential evaluations and economic evaluations has been altered in the post-Cold War era. While we fail to find evidence that economic evaluations have become more important as a determinant of presidential approval ratings, we do find evidence that economic evaluations have become more negative and more volatile in the post-Cold War era. Based on this evidence, we suggest that post-Cold War presidents may have a more difficult time gaming public approval for their management of the economy.
Strategic e-Business Decision Analysis Using the Analytic Network Process

The rapid global deployment of electronic business (e-business) and information systems has required managers to make decisions that seek to balance technical factors with strategic business goals. This research utilizes the analytic network process (ANP) to provide insight into optimum-seeking decision processes by managers, as investments are made to utilize e-commerce technologies. The nonlinear network approach of ANP was used to study the "systems with feedback" where the e-commerce strategy may both dominate and be dominated, directly and indirectly, by the business-level strategy. This study analyzes e-business decisions in organizations, based on management heuristics and perceptions of expected contributions of e-commerce strategies, as well as the business-level strategies. The ANP research methodology process is employed since it is well suited for the study of a multi-attribute decision problem to explore qualitative and quantitative preferences of top managers in independent, nondiversified firms involved in e-business. ANP is used to model decision complexities involved in integrating e-commerce innovation into the overall strategic planning of firms. Optimal e-business strategies are chosen by using systems-with-feedback, where interdependencies between four virtual e-commerce domains and two generic business level strategies are explored. This study obtained significant results and identified several important avenues for further research. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Tuberculosis reinfection in a pregnant cystic fibrosis patient

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease predominantly affecting the airways and predisposing patients to recurrent infections with various multidrug resistant organisms. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is rarely seen, but considered a potential pathogen in CF patients. We report a 26 year old pregnant CF patient on Ivacaftor who was admitted with symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. Three years prior to the current admission, she had completed four drug anti- MTB therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis and was considered cured as her sputum cultures after six months of treatment were negative. Genotype analysis revealed the current MTB strain to be different from the strain causing the previous infection. After receiving first line anti-tuberculous regimen for nine months, the patient's condition markedly improved culminating in an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of reinfection tuberculosis in a CF patient.
Mitochondria and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility as Related to Southern Corn Leaf Blight

Abstract The use of one source of cytoplasmic male steriity, leading to widespread uniformity of maize, coupled with the appearance of a new virulent race of Helminthosporium maydis made the Southern Corn Leaf Blight epidemic possible. The weather during 1970 was very suitable for the spread of the disease and thus the epidemic occurred. The possible role of cytoplasmic DNA, carried most probably by the mitochondria, in the susceptibility or resistance of various maize lines in discussed. The relationship of cytoplasmic male sterility and disease resistance or susceptibility is considered. The effects of the pathotoxin, produced by H. maydis, its uses as an experimental tool in research, and its potential uses in further investigations are described in detail.
The Child under Soviet Law

MPHASIZING the importance of the family unit, Soviet legal circles are now centering their attention on laws preserving the home. Gone are the years when theoreticians argued that the family was a superannuated form of social organization, and that the child in a socialist society should be maintained and educated in mass institutions. Although political considerations may have called for such a policy in the early period of the Russian revolution due to the need of quickly overcoming the conservative influence of parents long steeped in discarded traditions, no longer does any one broach such a proposition. Today's policy of child protection and the prevention of juvenile crime is directed towards the strengthening of those organizations best fitted for the care of children. Emphasis is being laid upon the family unit, guardianship, the school, and manual labor for those children not fitted to continue in the schoolroom after the early stages. The comparatively few children who do not react to these methods of approach and become delinquents may now be held accountable under the criminal codes which have been recently revised to conform with the policy of today. Statistics studied by the Institute of Criminal Politics in Moscow' have pointed up the situation so that all may see the need for the reforms of 1935 and I936 in the field of family and criminal law. Of the I,OOi juvenile delinquents studied in Leningrad in I934 and I935, 90% spent their leisure time in an unorganized way outside the family, while only 7% of the offenders spent their recreation hours within the family circle. The remaining 3% played in parks and playgrounds in an organized way during their unoccupied moments. The 2,111 cases examined in Moscow during the same period showed a similar situation. Of this group 88% spent their leisure in an unorganized way outside the home, while 7.7% spent their free time with the family. The balance played in an organized way in parks and playgrounds. Of the group which remained in the home during leisure hours, 46% came from families where the mother and father were both employed. Grandmothers, older children or housemaids were left in charge.
Family History: An Index of Genetic and Environmental Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease

It is well known that family history of coronary heart disease reflects genetic predisposition to develop atherosclerosis. Individuals with a family history of premature CHD are at a significantly increased risk for CHD events. They form a potential target population for early, aggressive primary prevention strategies. However, the conventional cardiovascular risk factors (age, total cholesterol, smoking, HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure) are precisely characterized and incorporated in the Framingham Risk evaluation algorithm. They do not include family history information as a criterion to guide primary prevention endeavors. Emerging evidence indicates that subjects with positive family history are unequivocally a high-risk group and candidates for prompt primary prevention efforts. In this chapter, we have highlighted overwhelming evidence indicating positive family history of CHD to be associated with an independent predictor of subclinical CHD markers, such as assessed CAC, Carotid-IMT, flow-mediated dilatation, among various others. On the basis of these facts, we propose following modifications in the risk prediction algorithm currently being used. Individuals in the Framingham low risk category, (estimated 10-year coronary mortality <10%) with family history, can be considered as intermediate risk and be targets for further risk stratification using CAC testing. On the other hand, those within the “intermediate-risk” range should be considered as high risk and treated aggressively as CHD equivalent with LDL goals of less than 70 mg/dl, and lipid lowering therapy be initiated, if LDL≥100 mg/dl. We believe that this will be a cost effective approach in utilizing appropriate therapies and advance risk stratifying tools, such as CAC testing, in this vulnerable population.
Remember That Time? Telling Interesting Stories from Past Interactions

Sociability is a human trait that plays a central part in relationships over time. Today, humans are increasingly in long-term interactions with intelligent agents, which have proven most useful when they are sociable. Such sociability requires the agent to remember and appropriately refer to past interactions. A common way in which humans refer to their past interactions and collaborations is through storytelling. Such stories, often abbreviated, include a small set of interesting and extraordinary events. We propose the design, development and preliminary evaluation of a generic computational architecture for finding and retelling such interesting event sequences. Our system mines interesting interaction episodes in a corpus of prior interactions. Initial evaluation of interactions selected by the system for retelling are encouraging. A future goal of the research is to support collaborative composition of stories about prior interactions between humans and agents in a mixed-initiative framework to produce interesting retellings.
Plasma membrane sphingomyelin and the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol biosynthesis in cell cultures'

We have examined the mechanism of the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in cells treated with exogenous sphingomyelinase. Treatment of rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), human skin fibroblasts (GM-43), and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells in culture with sphingomyelinase resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, a key regulatory enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The following observations were obtained with IEC-6 cells. Free fatty acid synthesis or general cellular protein synthesis was unaffected by the addition of sphingomyelinase. Addition of sphingomyelinase to the in vitro reductase assay had no effect on activity, suggesting that an intact cell system is required for the action of sphingomyelinase. The products of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, e.g., ceramide and phosphocholine, had no effect on reductase activity. Sphingosine, a further product of ceramide metabolism, caused a stimulation of reductase activity. Examination of the incorporation of [3H]acetate into the nonsaponifiable lipid fractions in the presence of sphingomyelinase showed no changes in the percent distribution of radioactivity in the post-mevalonate intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, but there was increased radioactivity associated with the polar sterol fraction. Pretreatment of cells with ketoconazole, a known inhibitor of oxysterol formation, prevented the inhibition of reductase activity by sphingomyelinase and decreased the incorporation of [3H]acetate in the polar sterol fraction. Ketoconazole had no effect on exogenous sphingomyelinase activity in vitro in the presence or absence of cells. Endogenous sphingomyelinase activity was also unaffected by ketoconazole. Addition of inhibitors of endogenous sphingomyelinase activity, e.g., chlorpromazine, desipramine, and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-7), to the culture medium caused a dose-dependent stimulation of reductase activity. However, these agents had no effect on the inhibition of reductase activity by exogenous sphingomyelinase. Treatment of cells with small unilamellar vesicles of dioleyl phosphatidylcholine or high density lipoprotein3 resulted in increased efflux of cholesterol and stimulation of reductase activity. Under similar conditions, the inhibitory effect of exogenous sphingomyelinase on reductase activity was prevented by incubation with small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine or high density lipoprotein. These results support the hypothesis that alteration of the ratio of sphingomyelin:cholesterol in the plasma membrane plays a modulatory role on the flow of membrane cholesterol to a site where it may be converted to a putative regulatory molecule, possibly an oxysterol.
Structured software usability evaluation: an experiment in evaluation design

This research compared the effectiveness of a detailed usability evaluation method and instrument to a traditional overview method. Usability is a distinctive term that includes, for example, ease of use, learnability, supportability of multi-level users, error prevention, feedback, and recovery. Evaluating a product against a set of usability criteria is a technique known in the usability field as a "heuristic evaluation," during which a usability professional can identify problems before they reach the end user. Heuristic evaluations performed early in a product lifecycle can promote fixes in preproduction phases, rather than more costly testing and implementation phases. In the study, 63 usability professionals performed heuristic evaluations in a 2 x 2 research design to determine the relative effectiveness in revealing usability problems of using traditional versus experimental contemporary heuristics, each paired with an unstructured all-at-once evaluation method, or an experimental structured method. In the latter method, the evaluators were required to use limited sets of heuristics during a given session, with breaks between sessions. The work is an extension of research by Masaaki Kurosu, who developed the Structured Heuristic Evaluation Method (sHEM) for use in Japan, and tested it in a single-factor design. In this present study the heuristic set and evaluation method variables were separated into a two-factor design; Kurosu's main effect of the contemporary/structured interaction was not replicated. Participants using traditional general heuristics found more usability problems than those using contemporary detailed heuristics. The study's strongest finding was that the structured approached rendered the participants more effective at identifying usability problems, even when individual participants found the approach "disconcerting" or "distracting." Results are congruent with the psychological phenomenon of retroactive interference: by interrupting the evaluation at intervals, participants were able to "forget" previous sections, freeing up working memory to find more usability problems in subsequent sections. Implications of the practical applications of these results to the usability field are discussed.
Rate Controlling Factors in the Carbothermic Synthesis of Advanced Fuels

Considerable effort has been expended to synthesize the carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, of uranium, Plutonium, and their solid solutions by the carbothermic reduction of oxide-carbon mixture...
FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION WITH MODERATE OR NO PREDILATATION

Aortic valve (AV) preparation by performing balloon aortic valvuloplasty has so far been considered mandatory during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. There is limited data on the safety of TAVR with moderate or with no predilatation (PD) and previous publications addressing
The action of whole fresh blood on pneumococci

Wright1 reported that when pneumococci were mixed with blood taken directly from the vessels of certain human individuals, large numbers of organisms were killed. Heist, Solomon Solis-Cohen and Myer Solis-Cohen 2 published some experimental studies on the bactericidal action of whole fresh blood on pneumococci and described the details of a method whereby such blood is brought into contact with bacteria. In further studies, Heist and Solomon Solis-Cohen 3 determined that increasing the virulence of pneumococci for rabbits increases their ability to grow in rabbit blood in vitro; and that the bactericidal test on whole blood of rabbits inoculated with pneumococci is a more sensitive test for the extent of immunity present than is the agglutination test. Bull and Bartual4 (1920) confirmed that fact that an immunity reaction in vaccinated rabbits can be made evident by the Heist method before agglutinins or opsonins can be demonstrated in the serum. It was their opinion, however, that though in such fresh blood the latent period in the growth curve was prolonged, no bactericidal action occurred. In studying the mechanism of this retardative effect, they came to the conclusion that opsonization and phagocytosis were the essential factors; and that defibrinated blood is a better medium for the growth of pneumococci than whole fresh blood merely because in the process of defibrination polymorphonuclear leukocytes are largely destroyed. Smiley 5 substituted a test tube method for the capillary tube method of Heist and Solis-Cohen and demonstrated that if immunization of rabbits is continued for a sufficient length of time, as opposed to the short period of immunization used by Bull and Bartual, a definite bactericidal property can be demonstrated in the blood of vaccinated rabbits. Robertson and Sia 6 inoculated mixtures of serum
Aspirin-like drugs can protect human T lymphocytes against benzoquinone cytotoxicity : evidence for a NAD(P)H : quinone reductase-dependent mechanism

Benzene toxicity towards lymphocytes is thought to be mediated by metabolities of benzene including benzoquinone (BQ). NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) is known to protect against BQ toxicity. The expression of the QR gene is regulated by the transcription factor AP-1. We had previously found that aspirin-like drugs (ALD) induce AP-1 in human T lymphocytes. It was therefore hypothesized that ALD would protect lymphocytes against BQ toxicity by inducing QR. Molt-4 cells (M4), a human T lymphocyte cell line, were incubated with different concentrations of two ALD, flurbiprofen and sodium diclofenac, and then exposed to BQ. Toxicity was measured by viability (trypan blue exclusion). Both drugs protected the cells against BQ cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, e.g., sodium diclofenac at 15 μM reduced the fraction of BQ-treated dead cells by 70%. ALDs induced QR activity in the M4 cells in the same range of concentrations that protected the cells against BQ toxicity. The protective effect of ALD was significantly reduced by dicoumarol, a QR-specific inhibitor. Since human T cells and T cell lines do not metabolize arachidonic acid, our data suggest that ALD can protect human T lymphocytes against a metabolite of benzene by induction of QR activity.
Weight change in the management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial experience

Summary Background The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial documented that metformin plus rosiglitazone, but not metformin plus lifestyle intervention, provided superior durability of glycemic control relative to metformin monotherapy. Objectives We examined weight changes among TODAY participants that completed at least 6 months of treatment, evaluated predictors of lifestyle outcome, and examined whether weight changes were related to cardiometabolic outcomes across treatment arms. Methods The 595 youth with type 2 diabetes, (85.1% of randomized participants aged 11–17 years) completed assessments of weight-related and cardiometabolic measures at months 0, 6, 12 and 24. Repeated measures models were used to investigate associations over time. Results Lifestyle intervention did not enhance outcome relative to metformin alone and no predictors of response to lifestyle treatment were identified. However, changes in percent overweight across treatment arms were associated with changes in multiple cardiometabolic risk factors, and decreases of ≥ 7% in overweight were associated with significant benefits over 24 months. Conclusions Although adjunctive intensive lifestyle intervention did not improve weight-related outcomes, weight changes in the full TODAY sample were associated with small, but significant improvements in cardiometabolic status, highlighting the importance of optimizing weight management in youth with T2DM.
The hypothermic action of epidural and subarachnoid morphine in parturients.

Sublingual body temperatures were measured before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after administration of epidural or subarachnoid morphine in four groups of patients ( n = 15 in each group) undergoing cesarean delivery with regional anesthesia. All patients were acutely hydrated with 1200 ml warmed lactated Ringer9s solution. Group 1 received 5 mg epidural morphine; Group 2, 5 ml epidural saline; Group 3, 0.5 mg subarachnoid morphine, and Group 4, 0.5 ml subarachnoid saline. The results were expressed as means ± SEM and analyzed using analysis of variance at p
Severe Cytokine-Release Syndrome after T Cell-Replete Peripheral Blood Haploidentical Donor Transplantation Is Associated with Poor Survival and Anti-IL-6 Therapy Is Safe and Well Tolerated.

Abstract Use of high-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis has expanded the use of unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation. The immediate post-transplantation course in T cell–replete peripheral blood haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) is often complicated by symptoms resembling cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), previously described in recipients of targeted cellular therapeutics. However, we know little about the incidence and impact of CRS on outcomes in these patients. To understand this syndrome in haplo-HCT patients, we reviewed data from 75 consecutive patients who received granulocyte colony–stimulating factor–mobilized T cell–replete peripheral blood haplo-HCT at a single center. Using CRS criteria described in recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, we found 65 of 75 (87%) met criteria for CRS, although most cases were only mild (grades 1 or 2). However, 9 patients (12%) experienced severe (grades 3 or 4) CRS. Median survival was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], .43 to 5.8) in patients with severe CRS, compared with 13.1 months (95% CI, 8.1 to not reached) in patients with mild CRS. Transplantation-related mortality was worse in the severe CRS cohort with a hazard ratio of 4.59 (95% CI, 1.43 to 14.67) compared with that in the mild CRS cohort. Severe CRS patients had a significant delay in median time for neutrophil engraftment. Serum IL-6 levels were measured in 10 haplo-HCT patients and were elevated in the early post-transplantation setting. Seven patients with CRS were treated with tocilizumab, resulting in a complete resolution of their CRS symptoms. Severe CRS represents a potential complication of peripheral blood haplo-HCT and is associated with worse outcomes. Anti–IL-6 receptor therapy is associated with rapid resolution of the CRS symptoms.
Der Anfall in der Malerei: Unterschiede zwischen Künstlern mit und ohne Epilepsie

In einem Vergleich zwischen bildlichen Anfallsdarstellungen von Kunstlern mit und ohne Epilepsie wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass Kunstler mit Epilepsie in der Darstellung ihr Anfallserleben, ihre Gefuhle und Empfindungen zum Ausdruck bringen im Unterschied zu Kunstlern ohne Epilepsie, die eine Botschaft vermitteln wollen, die uber den einzelnen Anfall hinausgeht. Bilder dreier Anfallsereignisse (Aura, fokaler Anfall und postiktale Phase) werden einander gegenubergestellt. Der Vergleich ist begrenzt, weil nur bei wenigen Kunstlern bekannt ist, ob sie Anfalle haben oder nicht. Die Leser werden zur Diskussion dieser Hypothese eingeladen.
The Role of Informatics and Electronic Health Record in Current Medical Practice: What Are the Benefits of Medical Informatics to the Clinician?

President Bush in 2004 put forth the goal that every American would have an electronic health record by 2014 (Simborg W. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15(2):127–91). The impetus behind the aggressive carryover of records to electronic form stemmed from trying to fix inefficiencies in the hospital and improve quality. Quality improvement, reduction of errors, and fixing systems within hospitals were seen as potential ways to decrease the cost of healthcare in the United States. Medicare and Medicaid currently have incentive programs for EHR (EHR Incentive programs. (n.d.). Retrieved 30 Dec 2014, from http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and Guidance/Legislation/ EHRIncentivePrograms/index.html?redirect=/EHRIncentivePrograms/).
Translating Assessment into Effective School Services for Students with Epilepsy

Children and adolescents with epilepsy are at increased risk of academic underachievement compared with siblings and healthy peers. Studies suggest that approximately 17 to 30% of children with epilepsy have intellectual disabilities; however, the heightened risk for academic difficulties has been shown in multiple samples of children with epilepsy, including those without intellectual disabilities, and also in children whose epilepsy is well controlled. Notably, learning problems are often identified before the first presenting seizure and are thought to reflect the underlying brain condition. Academic underachievement is most likely multifactorial, resulting from the impact of neurological, seizure, neuropsychological, medication, consistency of school attendance, and psychosocial variables. Several federal statutes ensure that all children in the United States have access to a free and appropriate public education. Despite the knowledge that children and adolescents with epilepsy are at high risk for poor school performance, many do not receive services. Neuropsychological evaluation can help inform appropriate direct services, educational goals, modifications, and accommodations within the school setting. Translation of evaluation findings into recommendations for effective educational programming and helping school personnel understand the unique needs of the children and adolescents with epilepsy will allow for informed school team decisions regarding how to promote academic success.
On the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation and Associated Constraints

The initial-boundary-value problem for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in infinite space is considered. When formulated as an evolution equation, found that a symmetric integral is the appropriate choice in the nonlocal term; namely, . If one simply chooses , then an infinite number of constraints on the initial data in physical space are required, the first being . The conserved quantities are calculated, and it is shown that they must be suitably regularized from those that have been used when the constraints are imposed.
A Critical Examination of Asian Students’ Interracial and Interethnic Friendships at a Multiracial Urban School:

This study examines Asian students’ interracial/interethnic friendships at a multiracial middle school. Friendship groups remain predominantly segregated despite the school’s efforts, reflecting co...
Optimized mini notched turbine energy harvesting using resistor emulation approach and Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a novel mini notched turbine that can be used as a feasible energy source, and a methodology for optimizing the maximum-power-point tracking system needed to improve the efficiency of the DC-DC converter that helps transform the harvested kinetic energy coming from the turbine into useful electrical power. This methodology implemented by using a particle swarm optimization technique, where the converter efficiency is used as the fitness function, leading to optimized inductor and on-time parameter values. The proposed design improves the DC-DC converter efficiency by 9.25% when compared to conventional maximum-power-point tracking systems over a wide range of input power and optimal load resistances, allowing for the harvesting of more energy and greater power delivered to the load. This approach is not limited to ultra-low power applications; it can easily be extended to portable applications to extend battery life.
Energy Project Professional Development: Promoting Positive Attitudes about Science among K-12 Teachers.

Appropriate professional development for K-12 teachers can lead to large improvements in attitudes about science.
Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

(1983). Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 149-153.
Strain effects on the anisotropic thermal transport in crystalline polyethylene

Thermal transport in the axial direction of polymers has been extensively studied, while the strain effect on the thermal conductivity, especially in the radial direction, remains unknown. In this work, we calculated the thermal conductivity in the radial direction of a crystalline polyethylene model and simulated the uniaxial strain effect on the thermal conductivity tensor by molecular dynamics simulations. We found a strong size effect of the thermal transport in the radial direction and estimated that the phonon mean free path can be much larger than the prediction from the classic kinetic theory. We also found that the thermal conductivity in the axial direction increases dramatically with strain, while the thermal conductivity in the radial direction decreases with uniaxial strain. We attribute the reduction of thermal conductivity in the radial direction to the decreases in inter-chain van der Waals forces with strains. The facts that the chains in the crystalline polyethylene became stiffer and more ordered along the chain direction could be the reasons for the increasing thermal conductivity in the axial direction during stretching. Besides, we observed longer phonon lifetime in acoustic branches and higher group velocity in optical branches after uniaxial stretching. Our work provides fundamental understandings on the phonon transport in crystalline polymers, the structure-property relationship in crystalline polymers, and the strain effect in highly anisotropic materials.
Leonardo Da Vinci and the Beginnings of Factories with a Central Source of Power

Today’s factories are powered by a large number of independent electric motors, each directly connected to the operating machine. Only elderly people and scholars are aware of the times when, in factories and work-shops, power was delivered from a central source, a steam engine or a hydraulic turbine, and the power distributed by means of shafting.
Theorizing Children's Global Citizenship: Reconstructionism and the Politics of Deep Interdependence.

Global citizenship is a much disputed term, involving a variety of competing neoliberal, cosmopolitan, and postcolonial framings. Much of this debate, however, assumes a hidden normative adulthood,...
Investigating the Normalization Procedure of NSGA-III

Most practical optimization problems are multi-objective in nature. Moreover, the objective values are, in general, differently scaled. In order to obtain uniformly distributed set of Pareto-optimal points, the objectives must be normalized so that any distance metric computation in the objective space is meaningful. Thus, normalization becomes a crucial component of an evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithm. In this paper, we investigate and discuss the normalization procedure for NSGA-III, a state-of-the-art multi- and many-objective evolutionary algorithm. First, we show the importance of normalization in higher-dimensional objective spaces. Second, we provide pseudo-codes which presents a clear description of normalization methods proposed in this study. Third, we compare the proposed normalization methods on a variety of test problems up to ten objectives. The results indicate the importance of normalization for the overall algorithm performance and show the effectiveness of the originally proposed NSGA-III’s hyperplane concept in higher-dimensional objective spaces.
Clinical trial design data for electrocardiogram artificial intelligence-guided screening for low ejection fraction (EAGLE).

Abstract The article details the materials that will be used in a clinical trial - ECG AI-Guided Screening for Low Ejection Fraction (EAGLE): Rationale and design of a pragmatic cluster randomized trial [1]. It includes a clinician-facing action recommendation report that will translate an artificial intelligence algorithm to routine practice and an alert when a positive screening result is found. This report was developed using a user-centered approach via an iterative process with input from multiple physician groups. Such data can be reused and adapted to translate other artificial intelligence algorithms. This article also includes data collection forms we developed for the clinical trial aiming to evaluate the artificial intelligence algorithm. Such materials can be adapted for other clinical trials.
Disney’s Influence on the Modern Theme Park and the Codification of Colorblind Racism in the American Amusement Industry

Walt Disney opened Disneyland park in 1955 amidst a sea of social unrest that soon led to race riots at other parks across the country. Disneyland was never officially segregated, like many northern parks (and especially those in the west), and never had to be integrated. However, it began a period of development, expansion, and change in American amusement that was underwritten by racial unrest, the closure of many traditional parks, and the development of “theme parks” away from urban centers. In this essay Jill Morris argues that Disney profited off an economic system that valorized the white dollar and gaze and would forever codify the American theme park as much a colorblind white space as the traditional American amusement park that came before it. The essay especially focuses on the introduction of the single, flat entrance fee and asserts that the institution of pay-one-price and gated park models in the 1960s, beginning with Disneyland, codified the tourist gaze as white and middle class, while being able to claim to support desegregation. This sort of colorblind racism continues in the design of parks today, creating many spaces that are supposedly socially progressive while upholding the morals of an earlier America.
Regional anesthesia for clavicle fracture surgery is safe and effective.

Background Historically, clavicle fracture repairs have been performed with patients under general anesthesia. However, in the past few years, the combination of an interscalene brachial plexus block and a modified superficial cervical plexus block has been described to provide adequate anesthesia for clavicle fracture surgery, with the added benefit of postoperative analgesia. In March 2013, members of our anesthesiology department began using this block with sedation for a subset of patients undergoing clavicle fracture fixation. Methods This study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent clavicle fracture repair at a single institution between June 2014 and November 2017. The decision on the type of anesthesia (regional vs. general) was made jointly by the patient, anesthesiologist, and surgeon. Demographic data, relevant perioperative times, and intraoperative pain medication consumption were recorded, and comparisons of these variables were made between the regional and general anesthesia groups. Results A total of 110 patients with 110 fractures were included. Of these patients, 52 received only regional anesthesia with the combined block whereas 58 received general anesthesia with an interscalene brachial plexus block. No major anesthetic-related complications were noted in any patients, and there were no cases in which regional anesthesia had to be converted to general anesthesia because of block failure. The anesthesia start time was significantly longer in the general anesthesia group (29 minutes vs. 20 minutes, P = .022), as was the total case time (164 minutes vs. 131 minutes, P Conclusion Regional anesthesia using a combined brachial plexus and modified superficial cervical plexus block is a reliable, efficacious technique. The combined block appears to be a reasonable alternative to general anesthesia with an interscalene brachial plexus block, and it may have benefits regarding the anesthesia start time and total case time.
Meal-Induced Symptoms in Children with Dyspepsia-Relationships to Sex and the Presence of Gastroparesis

Objectives To test the hypothesis that in children with dyspepsia, prospective symptom severity following ingestion of a meal would correlate with percent gastric retention, and those ultimately diagnosed with gastroparesis would report worse symptoms. Study design Prospective, single-center study with 104 children with dyspepsia completing a prospective dyspepsia symptom questionnaire before and after eating a standardized Tougas meal during gastric emptying scintigraphy. Main outcomes included correlation between gastric retention and symptoms and comparison of symptom severity between those with and without gastroparesis. Results Fifty-two children (50%) had gastroparesis (gastroparesis: 12.5 ± 2.9 years, 65% female; nongastroparesis: 13.0 ± 2.9 years, 60% female; all P > .05). Bloating was the only symptom significantly worse in youth with gastroparesis. For the entire cohort, bloating and fullness correlated with percent retention. However, in those with gastroparesis, only nausea correlated with retention (4 hours.; rs = 0.275, P Conclusions Overall in children, there is little difference in symptom severity between children with gastroparesis vs normal emptying based on current standards. However, girls with gastroparesis have worse symptoms vs boys with gastroparesis, underscoring a need for further studies into the role of sex in gastroparesis symptoms. In all children, both bloating and fullness correlated modestly with gastric retention, and nausea correlated in those with gastroparesis.
High school students’ math and science gender stereotypes: relations with their STEM outcomes and socializers’ stereotypes

This longitudinal study explores three research questions. First, what is the prevalence of math and science gender stereotypes among high school students, their parents, and teachers? Second, are parents’ and teachers’ gender stereotypes related to adolescents’ stereotypes? And third, are adolescents’ gender stereotypes associated with their math and science identity and outcomes? We used a nationally representative U.S. sample (N = 22,190, 50% girls, 53% White, 22% Latinx, 13% Black) of adolescents surveyed at 9th and 11th grade, their parents, and teachers. Adolescents’ transcripts were also collected at the end of high school. Adolescent gender stereotypes became significantly more traditional from 9 to 11th grade. Parents were three times more likely to believe that males are better at math/science (compared to believing females are better), and we found significant positive relations between parents’ and adolescents’ stereotypes. Finally, adolescents’ math/science gender stereotypes were significantly related to their math/science identity, which in turn was related to their STEM outcomes over the course of high school. Our findings give insight to the development of academic gender stereotypes in adolescence, their potential precursors, and their relations to academic outcomes.
Arduino III: Internet of Things

Abstract This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept. The visionary Arduino team of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis launche...